Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche fonctionnaliste'
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Sun, Fang. "La prédication en chinois : approche fonctionnaliste." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H034.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to perform a synchronic dynamic description of the Chinese language (putonghua). It essentially focuses on the syntaxic phenomenons linked to the predicate without forgetting the study of the synthematics allowing to report on the distinction between syntaxic basic units and syntagmatic elements. Five lexical classes (nouns, pronouns, verbs, ambivalents and adjectives) emerge from their compatibility and are successively examined through their capacity to assume the predicate role. Two types of predicate that determine differently the organisation of a message are presented in nuclear syntax and connectif syntax. The syntaxic structures and the ergative character have been studied too. This research on the predicate leads to discover the syntaxic fonctions that the other constituent elements are able to fulfil in respect to the center of the sentence. The semantic aspect hasn't been thrusted aside since the dichotomic analysis of the predicate brings together syntax and semantics where syntaxic functions and semantic roles are woven together while keeping their singularity
Jeannot-Fourcaud, Béatrice. "De l'opposition verbo-nominale en créole martiniquais : approche fonctionnaliste." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H046.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to treat of the existence of a verbo-nominal opposition in Creole spoken in Martinique. Four lexical classes emerge from their respective relational potential. They are verbaux, nouns, verbo-adjectives and verbo-adverbials. The verbaux and the nouns are sucessively examined through their capacity to be the center of sentence and the syntactic functions which they are likely to fill. Semantic dimension is also studied, this is constantly correlated with the syntactic approach. The link between syntax and semantic appears in particular through the contrasted presentation of the nouns and the verbal units when they are center of sentence (predicate). The approach is dynamic and tries to give and outline of the various and fluctuating uses through the production of some speakers. Data on the framework sociohistoric and sociolinguistic are provided in order to bring a lighting on the context in which the language evolves
M, Jagemark Lisa. "Les maux de la traduction : Le marketing de contenu des antidouleurs en traduction : une approche fonctionnaliste." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65937.
Full textParmbäck, Helene. "Transhumances, troilles et trinqueballes : Une approche fonctionnaliste de la traduction de termes liés au milieu montagnard français." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65950.
Full textPelegri, Kristic Andrea Paz. "Approche fonctionnaliste de la langue au théâtre. Pour une version chilienne du Chant du Dire-Dire de Daniel Danis." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20487.
Full textCantagrel, Guillaume. "Synthèse d'hétérocycles fonctionnalisés : approche synthétique du Palmérolide A." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066014.
Full textMONTALBETTI, CHRISTIAN. "Approche convergente de taxoides et reactions de carbopalladation d'oxanorbornenes fonctionnalises." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066633.
Full textLy, Hai Bang. "Matériaux polymères fonctionnalisés à double porosité : conception et modélisation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1144/document.
Full textPolymer-based porous materials have been the subject of intense research for many years and present some important advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as tunable mechanical properties, ease to be functionalized, and especially lower production cost. Over the last decade, materials with dual porosity have attracted a particular attention from the scientific community, as these peculiar materials offer new interesting perspectives for engineering sustainable materials. The role of each porosity level is different and associated with distinct mass transfer processes. Macropores (~100 µm) would allow macromolecules and cells flow through the material, while a nanoporous network (10-100 nm) would be dedicated to the passage of smaller molecules, thus acting as a second transport mechanism, especially when macropores are totally clogged. The first part of this work addresses the development of versatile and effective approaches to biocompatible doubly porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based materials. The first approach relied on the use of two distinct types of porogen templates, i.e. a macroporogen and a nanoporogen. To generate the macroporosity, either NaCl particles or PMMA beads that could be fused or not, were used in order to control the pore morphology and interconnectivity of the materials. The nanoporosity was obtained by using various amounts of different porogenic solvents, thus generating a wide range of pore size distributions for this second porosity level. The second methodology was based on the thermally-induced phase separation process. A co-solvent mixture constituted of dioxane and water was used to solubilize previously prepared linear PHEMA, followed by a solidification process by freezing the co-solvents/PHEMA mixture, and subsequent sublimation of the co-solvents to generate the corresponding biporous PHEMA materials. Finally, advantage of doubly porous materials was taken through different functionalization reactions using carbonyldiimidazole chemistry, and further immobilization of in-situ generated gold nanoparticles. Such hybrid doubly porous materials proved to act as efficient catalytic supports. In the second part, we numerically determined the permeability of doubly porous materials. The methodology was based on a double upscaling approach in the field of periodic homogenization theories and on unit cell calculations. The first upscaling consisted in the determination of a first permeability associated with the array of nanoscopic pores. At this scale, the pores were saturated by a viscous fluid obeying the Stokes equations and the problem was solved by means of standard Finite-Element approaches or using more recent techniques based on Fast Fourier Transform. At the mesoscopic scale, the fluid flow obeyed the Stokes equations in the macropores and the Darcy equations in the permeable solid. The unit cell problem coupling Darcy and Stokes equations was solved by the Finite Element method in order to compute the final macroscopic permeability. To this purpose, we developed a method based on a mixed variational formulation which was implemented by taking different elements in the solid and fluid regions. Various 2D and 3D examples were provided to illustrate the accuracy and the capacity of the proposed numerical methods to compute the macroscopic permeability of biporous materials
Vuillemin, Marie. "Auto-assemblage de polysaccharides fonctionnalisés : une étude thermodynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0177.
Full textPolymers in solution can self-assemble to form different types of complexes (coacervates, aggregates, etc.). These objects, in addition to being part of the cellular organization, can be repurposed to encapsulate molecules of interest. However, before being able to use them as such, the understanding of the self-assembly mechanisms is essential to be able to control them and thus form targeted objects. This thesis work focuses on the self-assembly between gum Arabic and chitosan. The interactions involved in associative phase separation are mainly based on electrostatic interactions. Initially, the formation of this complex was analyzed from a thermodynamic point of view by isothermal calorimetric titration, depending on the physicochemical parameters, in particular the pH, the temperature and the molar ratio. It was thus demonstrated that an increase in temperature or pH favored enthalpy and disfavored entropy and that it was possible to form coacervates under all studied conditions by controlling the pH/temperature combination. To change the number and nature of the interactions between polysaccharides, they were modified by enzymatic pathway. A process developed at the laboratory, based on the use of a laccase to oxidize ferulic acid, has been implemented. First, the modification of gum Arabic was demonstrated, in particular with the support of spectroscopic tools (IR-FT, NMR). In addition, the structure of the numerous oxidation products has been studied (NMR, LCMS). The products obtained are mainly ferulic acid dimers and a complete structure has been elucidated. The products grafted on the gum are of phenolic nature so their grafting has an impact on its techno-functional properties (water solubility, thermal and rheological behavior, surface tension, antioxidant properties, etc.). Finally, the grafting of phenolic compounds modified the polysaccharides hydrophobia and charges, so they were mixed in order to determine the impact of these new groups on the interactions involved in the self-assemblies and the nature of the complexes formed. Under given conditions and depending on the polysaccharides used, it is possible to form coacervates, aggregates or even a mixture of both. The formation of these objects was correlated with a study of the thermodynamic parameters involved. These results paves the way for understanding and controlling complexation between polysaccharides that, in the longer term, will lead to applications in the field of encapsulation
Laurent, Éric. "Une approche écologique de l'expertise cognitive : pour un fonctionnalisme à vocation intégrative." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22036.
Full textSix, Yvan. "Approche synthetique de la clerodine. Preparation stereocontrolee d'un intermediaire-cle hautement fonctionnalise." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0013.
Full textLegault, Marc-André. "Levier synthétique de silice : une approche pour fonctionnaliser les surfaces hydroxylées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8998.
Full textHuynh, Van Dung Rémi. "Nouvelle approche dans la préparation des dextranes fonctionnalisées, relations structure-activité anticoagulante." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132053.
Full textBoissonnat, Guillaume. "Approche synthétique du fragment C28-C46 de l'Hémicalide. Synthèse de delta-lactones fonctionnalisées." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066641/document.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript concerns the synthesis of the C28-C46 fragment of Hemicalide, a natural product extracted from a marine sponge exhibiting a highly potent antitumoral activity. The key steps of the synthesis are : a diastereoselective conjugate addition of a vinyl boroante on an unsaturated lactone, hydrogenation and hydrogenation to control the centers C39, C40 and C42, respectively. The C34-C35 double bond was created by a Julia-Kocienski olefination. During this work, a new method for the diastereoselective synthesis of delta-lactones was developed, involving a sigmatropic rearrangement and a cyclization catalyzed by transition metal complexes
Parent, François. "La définition du terme «mot» en grammaire française contemporaine : une approche par la sémantique lexico-grammaticale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26373.
Full textThis thesis examines the concept of word used in contemporary French grammar. Specifically, it highlights issues which stem from using a concept belonging to ordinary language (the word) to develop a scientific explanation of human language. It investigates how linguists exploit this notion in the grammatical tradition and in three theoretical currents which have made their mark in modern linguistics (structuralism, functionalism, generativism). It also assesses the strategies used by these approaches to solve the problems related to the definition and usage of the concept of word in the linguistic description. To address these issues, it proposes the concept of morpholexeme, which corresponds to a linguistic unit permanently combining a lexical meaning and a grammatical meaning, as a basis for identifying a homogenous category corresponding to morphologically variable words, a category covering close approximately 97 % of the French lexicon.
Lenart, Ewa. "Acquisition des procédures de détermination nominale dans le récit en français et polonais L1, et en français L2 Étude comparative de deux types d'apprenant : enfant et adulte." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00124849.
Full textBalbi, Manon. "Validation de la fonctionnalité des continuités écologiques en milieu urbain : approches plurispécifiques et multi-sites." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B034/document.
Full textMaintaining connectivity across urban landscape, intrinsically fragmented, is a major issue of urban biodiversity conservation. Connectivity is increasingly taken into account by policy and stakeholders, especially through the establishment of the blue-green infrastructure. Multiple mapping tools allow to detect ecological networks (highly connected areas), however their functionnal validation is often lacking. The objective of this study is to validate least cost path analysis predictions in several cities with different biological models. Studied species vary in terms of dispersal means and capacities (flight, walk, crawling) and habitat requirement (e.g. herbaceous or forested habitats). Several protocols based on movement ecology and landscape genetic are applied, focusing on replication (within and among cities) and control of inter-individual variability. Our results indicate that movement is increased in predicted ecological networks when compared with areas predicted as poorly connected: the translocated hedgehogs travelled longer distances, several passerine responded to song playback over longer distances, and moths showed increased recapture rates. Indirect analysis on the garden snail showed a weak relation between population genetic differentiation and connectivity models. This work provides scientific support for the establishment of ecological networks in urban landscapes
Jacomy, Hélène. "Interactions synaptiques dans le noyau suprachiasmatique natif ou greffé chez le rat adulte : approche de la fonctionnalité endocrinienne des transplants." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30055.
Full textRedonnet, Anabelle. "Étude de la fonctionnalité de la vitamine A lors d'une prise de poids d'origine alimentaire : approches expérimentale et biomédicale." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12445.
Full textMendez, Violaine. "Approche moléculaire par le procédé sol-gel de nanoparticules de TiO2 dopées et/ou fonctionnalisées : applications en imagerie médicale et en catalyse d'oxydation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812752.
Full textPierre-Louis, Olivier. "Intérêt de la double fonctionnalité SP ALDH et de la modélisation des niches hématopoïétiques pour une meilleure approche de la régulation de l'hématopoïèse." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T101.
Full textFrasser, Lozano Cristian Camilo. "Essays on liquidity-based asset classification and illegal means of payment : an economic and philosophical approach." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E014.
Full textThe thesis aims to address two main questions regarding certain features of liquidity-based asset classification. A first question is about the validity of such a classification: Does liquidity-based asset classification pick out a natural kind? I use the case of the category ‘liquid assets’ to show that liquidity is a functional property that can be realized in two genuinely different ways: monetary trades and credit trades. Accordingly, ‘liquid assets’ can be regarded as a functional kind with multiple realizations. I also argue that the kind ‘liquid assets’ earns its credential of natural kind by playing an epistemic role in explanatory economic models. I finally point out that mind-dependence does not threaten realism about the kind ‘liquid assets’. The second question is about the extension of the categories resulting from liquidity-based asset classification: Is there a sharp boundary between categories of assets that are classified based on their liquidity? I use the case of ‘money’ to discuss if it is possible to find an unambiguous distinction between the categories ‘money’ and ‘non-money.’ I argue that such a view can be successful only, if following traditional essentialism, there is a set of intrinsic properties that are necessary and sufficient for membership in the natural kind designated by the term ‘money.’ However, based on what is currently known by monetary economists, there is neither set of intrinsic properties nor necessary and sufficient characteristics that one could use to separate ‘money’ unambiguously from ‘non-money.’
Schmid, Aline. "ABC transporteurs de Toxoplasma gondii et résistance médicamenteuse. Caractérisation et approche de la fonctionnalité dans les souches de référence, cliniques et traitées expérimentalement par la sulfadiazine." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMM207.
Full textThe @apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, can infect humans and a wide range of vertebrates leading to toxoplasmosis. Treatment of toxoplasmosis usually uses a combination of a sulfamide with pyrimethamine; however, several failures have been reported in spite of a good observance of treatments. Common mechanisms of resistance are variations on the genes sequence encoding to the drug target (DHFR, DHPS) and/or on ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) with Pgp and MRP genes. In order to understand the failure mechanisms in T. Gondii, the objective of this study is to analyse full membrane ABC transporters TgABC. B1 and TgABC. B2: Pgp, TgABC. C1: MRP. The population structure of T. Gondii consists of three principal clonal lineages (types I,II and III) correlated with virulence expression. The three ABC genes are constitutively expressed in the three major T. Gondii genotypes but TgABC. B1 demonstrated a higher expression in virulent type I, at both transcriptional and translational levels. The existence of functional Pgp at T. Gondii is shown with an activity of efflux identical for three genotypes. A recent study on the strain’s sensitivity to treatment identify three strains with a weak sensitivity to sulfadiazine. The study of expression levels of three ABC genes didn’t show significant variation between resistant and sensitive strains. We showed an increase of the efflux activity to Pgp for the resistant strains. We were also interested in the influence of a treatment in utero by pyriméthamine/sulfadoxine on a congenital toxoplasmosis strain. We observed an increase of expression levels of TgABC. B1 and TgABC. C1 after treatment associated with an increase of the efflux activity of the Pgp, implying a modification phénotypic of the strain after toxoplasmosis treatment. We obtained by pressure in increasing doses a resistant RH strain for the sulfadiazine. This result doesn’t come along with a modulation of expression levels on the analysis genes, but with the population individualization which increase of the Pgp efflux activity
Dan, Pan. "Nouvelles approches en ingénierie vasculaire basées sur un scaffold fonctionnalisé, une matrice extracellulaire naturelle et une cellularisation intraluminale : de la caractérisation à la validation chez l’animal." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0304/document.
Full textTadj, Fatemeh. "Approche générale pour la synthèse des composés cyclopentaniques chiraux possédant deux groupements hydroxy vicinaux trans. , à partir de l'acide D(-)quinique et L(+)tartrique en vue de l'obtention d'analogues oxa-13 carbacyclines." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112208.
Full textIn this work, we describe different approaches to the synthesis of chiral 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentanone starting from D(-)quinic acid or L(+)tartaric acid. Only L(+)tartaric acid led to the targe molecule; this synthesis was optimized. The halogenated and sulphonylated epoxide intermediates were prepare in good yield by a new route. After in situ cyclisation of these intermediates with thiophenylacetonitrile, the cyclopentane obtained was transformed, in several steps, into the desired ketone by two pathways. In particular, the oxidative rupture of an α-hydroxy amide afforded the cyclopentanone in reasonable yield
Collet, Magalie. "Peptidonucléoside polyoxine J, inhibiteur de la chitine synthase : approches vers la synthèse du nucléoside C2' - désoxy -C2' fluoré, et synthèse de l'acide 5-O-carbamoyle polyoxamique." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30198.
Full textPolyoxins, which form an important class of peptidyl nucleosidic antibiotics that selectively and competitively inhibit chitin synthase, are very active components in vitro, but weakly bioavailable in vivo. The subject of this thesis has been to found new synthetic methods to access to C2'-fluoro-C2'-deoxy analogues of thymine polyoxine C, nucleosidic part of polyoxine J (the more active one), and to obtain, by an original way, the non natural peptidic moiety of polyoxine J, which is the 5-O-carbamoyl polyoxamic acid. After a presentation of the biological target and the interest of the introduction of a fluorine atom, this work is divided into two parts. Fisrt, two approaches of the fluorinated nucleosodic part using 2-deoxy-2-fluorobutyrolactones as intermediates, and then, an optimization of the synthesis of the peptidic part using the formation of an oxazolidonone intermediate
Delsarte, Isabelle. "Dégradation des dioxines ou du benz[a]pyrène par une approche tripartite : oxydation chimique / oxydation biologique par des champignons telluriques saprotrophes / amidon difonctionnalisé aux propriétés surfactantes." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0447/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the development of bioremediation techniques for contaminated soils by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as : Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and dioxins (PCDD/F). The degradation of POPs has two main obstacles to efficient biological treatments by fungi : the low bioavailability of POPs and the difficulty of initiating the oxydation of molecules as stable as others. To overcome these technological barriers, we propose to couple a mild chemical oxidation to biological oxidation by saprotrophic telluric fungi and to use starch to improve the spatial proximity between the pollutant and oxidizing reagents. The first part of this study is to functionalize native potato starch by 1,4-butane sultone and 2-octenyl-1-succinic anhydride according to different synthesis conditions. In comparison with native starch, one of the processed products, P9*, has very interesting surfactant properties for our study. Indeed, P9* increases starch apparent aqueous solubility by a factor of 65 (22.60 g.L⁻¹) and stimulates 33-fold benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) aqueous solubilization. For the second part, the use of a simplified study system where the fungus is cultivated in mineral medium under axenic conditions allowed us to determine the best parameters (fungal strainsn type and dose of chemical oxydant) for the development of a POPs degradation method in the laboratory. Comparative studies of BaP degradation are therefore carried out in vitro by different processes of chemical (Fenton's reagent) and/or biologial oxidation. The coupling of the two processes leads to a BaP degradation of 40.0%. Moreover, the BaP encapsulation by starch nanospheres P9* allows a pollutant degradation of 94.6% by the Fenton reagent. Two fungal strains (Penicillium brasilianum and Funsarium solani) are then used for the degradation lab experiment in historically PCDD/F contaminated soil microcosms. the inoculation of the endogene strain P.brasilianum in presence of cardboard chips as a bulking agent led to a decrease in PCDD/F toxicity of 40.5% after only two months of incubation compared to the controm soil. This PhD work draws new perspectives for remediation techniques of contaminated soils by POPs that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly
Blaise, Emilie. "Economie animale et gestion des troupeaux au Néolithique final en Provence : approche archéozoologique et contribution des analyses isotopiques de l'émail dentaire (version non corrigée)." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402302.
Full textMahut, Fabien. "Intégration des approches PLM et SLM pour le développement et la gestion des Systèmes Produit-Service en contexte automobile : proposition d’un cadre méthodologique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2019COMP2473.
Full textThis research work is exploring the development and management of Product-Service Systems. These new integrated offers go along with specific issues which challenge the current product development strategies. Analyzing the academic literature on this matter, this work focuses on methodological frameworks for the development of PSS offers. The first level of these frameworks is about engineering approaches considers Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) interactions. The second level is about specific systems or PSS development processes and methods. The third and last level challenges the definitions of a PSS model. Fed by this review, this work provides a coherent proposal for PSS development across these three levels, qualified by 7 analysis criterias. On the first level, a detailed PLM-SLM interaction scheme is proposed. It supports a development process on the second level, alongside a PSS model based on FBS and result-resource-process triplet as a matter for service adequate description. This proposal has been experimented through two study cases. The first one, about an existing and mature PSS, enabled the development of a quality management tool. The second, about the development of a connected diagnostic PSS enabled to strengthen the illustration of the proposal for its adoption
Bisiaux, Justine. "La transition vers l'innovation soutenable pour les entreprises industrielles : une approche par les business models : application au domaine du génie industriel." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2216/document.
Full textOver the past decades, a new context in favor of sustainable development emerged. New models of consumption and production are developed. This shift from intensive innovation to sustainable innovation leads some companies to rethink their business model. However, this business model evolution requires strategic and organizational changes that some companies fail to overcome. These companies’ situations reveal a double challenge : the need to characterize sustainable innovation on the one hand and defining a strategy for disseminating sustainable innovation on the other hand.To characterize sustainable innovation, three notions are mobilized : the business model, sustainability and functionality. The results of this exploration suggest the use of the business modelas an intermediary object to promote the co-construction and the evolution of business models. The study of sustainable led us to associate functional economy - servicial business model - to eco-design- environmental design - as a declination of sustainable innovation. Functionality concept analysis revealed the complementarity of functional economy and eco-design approaches. This allows us to define new offers from the use-values point of view. The exploration of these three notions also leads to propose a paradigm shift in favor of sustainable paradigm. This paradigm shift is followed by the development and characterization of business models trajectories. These trajectories guide companies in achieving the highest levels of sustainable innovation on the long term. These theoretical results were used to develop a method called Business Model Explorer for Sustainability (BMES). The BMES method allows companies to develop sustainable business models and to define trajectories toward these business models. The method is based on the upgradability concept as operational application of sustainable innovation. The method was developed and tested with the two industrial partners of IDCyclUM project : Neopost and Rowenta. One of the main proposed research perspectives is to continue defining sustainable innovation. This concept remains indeed ambiguous and there is still no consensus about its definition at present
Benyounes, Badia. "Évaluation de la fonctionnalité et l'utilisabilité de la plateforme d'apprentissage Moodle : une approche du génie logiciel." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2584/1/M11120.pdf.
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