Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche macroscopique'
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Johner, Albert. "Approche microscopique et macroscopique de la reflectivite d'interfaces." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13114.
Full textDlala, Habib. "Structuration et fonctionnement de l'espace industriel tunisien (approche macroscopique) /." Tunis : Publications de la Faculté des sciences humaines et sociales, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37503194c.
Full textDlala, Habib. "Structuration et fonctionnement de l'espace industriel tunisien approche macroscopique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597235z.
Full textDlala, Habib. "La structuration et le fonctionnement de l'espace industriel tunisien. (approche macroscopique)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10001.
Full textWhen considered within the systemic framework, the general locational interdependance put forward by spatial economists to establish a link between special locational theories and the economic equilibrium theory leads to a macroscopic view. Such a systemic, macro-economic and macro-geographic view allows for considering interindustrial and interspatial relations as a primary locational factor and looking at industrial space as a highly complex, multirelational system, "quasi-breakable" and relatively resistant to change. Concerning methodology, it involve a matrix based presentation of relations refering to the regional and interregional industrial exchange tables. When applied to the tunisian context, the proposed macroscopic approch shows that technical and especially commercial proximities generate a firmly established locational equilibrium and an important agglomeration effect acting in favor of the highest levels of the urban hierarchy. When production areas do not coincide with market areas and with centers providing raw materials, transport costs increase. The same approch also shows that the working of the tunisian spatio-industrial system is generated by openness on its environment and that this openness on the extraregional and extranational spaces is more marked in the case of those subsystems created by the partition of the national spatial system. Thus we underline the degree of under-integration and the disjointed nature of the regional industrial economies. Finally, it appears that the privilege of sectorial and relational diversity enjoyed by the central subsystem in tunis, is at the origin of influence it has on the working of the basic satellite subsystems
Maghous, Samir. "Détermination du critère de résistance macroscopique d'un matériau hétérogène à structure périodique. Approche numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529369.
Full textTabti, Saïd. "Modélisation macroscopique de l'écoulement du trafic aérien : une approche par analyse de données multidimensionnelles." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10055.
Full textLamarche-Perrin, Robin. "Analyse macroscopique des grands systèmes : émergence épistémique et agrégation spatio-temporelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933186.
Full textRiaño, Vélez Lina Marcela. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence des interphases sur les propriétés mécaniques à l'échelle macroscopique d'un composite unidirectionnel : approche numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0015.
Full textComposite materials are widely used for the manufacturing of parts and structures with high mechanical performances. ln order to develop new composite materials, the use of modelling and simulation has become essential. The behaviors of the composite constituents as well as overall material in the initial state and over time should be accurately described. ln this study, the raie of interphases on macroscopic mechanical properties (mainly in the elastic domain) has been highlighted. A plug-in developed in this work, to generate automatically the geometry of UD composite microstructures integrating or not the interphase was made. Reliable models are obtained thanks to the fact that the majority of input data are based on experimental values acquired at different scales. Finally, this study shows the need to take into account the interphase in numerical simulations to improve predictions of calculations
Nandan, Shambhavi. "Modélisation de la dissolution d'une phase solide (UO2-ZrO2-Zr) par une phase liquide (Fe) par une approche macroscopique diphasique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0663.
Full textWith regards to the safety of the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in case of a severe nuclear accident, one of the main challenges associated is the retention of the molten nuclear fuel and reactor internals, called corium, within the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). One of the ways of cooling corium with in the RPV is by cooling the vessel from outside. This strategy is termed as In-Vessel Retention (IVR). In case of the In-Vessel Retention (IVR) strategy, it is expected that the corium pool will be surrounded by an oxide crust, which will be in contact with molten steel from top of the pool as well as from sides of the vessel. It has been observed in CORDEB experiments (funded by IRSN, CEA and EDF), that this crust becomes permeable due to dissolution by molten steel, affecting the flux associated with the RPV. Consequently, the dissolution has been studied by deriving an up-scaled model consist of volume averaged transport equations — Mass, Momentum, Species and Energy transport — over a Representative Elementary Volume (REV). The final system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) has been closed by deriving several empirical relations for effective species diffusivity, mass transfer coefficients, permeability and effective conductivity. Further, the model has been solved to study dissolution in crust for different cases with and without convection
Agha, Mohammadi Farahnaz. "Contribution à la modélisation éléctrique et électromagnétique des circuits électroniques microondes basée sur une approche physique macroscopique dans le domaine temporel." Lille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL1A001.
Full textWillmann, Claire. "Diagnostiquer un état de santé bucco-dentaire par une double approche macroscopique et métagénomique : application à une population rurale française du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30001.
Full textRecent developments in High-Throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies and ancient DNA (aDNA) research have opened access to the characterization of the microbial communities within past populations. Most studies have, however, relied on the analysis of dental calculus as one particular material type particularly prone to the molecular preservation of ancient microbial biofilms and potential of entire teeth for microbial characterization, both of healthy communities and pathogens in ancient individuals, remains overlooked. In this study, we used shotgun sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition from historical subjects showing macroscopic evidence of oral pathologies. The objectives of this work were 1) to identify, in an 18th century population of western France, subjects with specific oral pathologies: dental caries; periodontal diseases and periapical inflammatory lesions; 2) to characterize the oral flora of these subjects in terms of its taxonomic composition; and 3) to determine whether it was possible to detect the presence of oral pathogenic bacteria involved in periapical inflammatory lesions, caries and parodontopathies, from a healthy tooth,. The presence of Streptococcus mutans and also Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli and Parvimonas micra was confirmed through the presence of typical signatures of post-mortem DNA damage at an average depth-of-coverage ranging from 0.5 to 7X, with a minimum of 35% (from 35 to 93%) of the positions in the genome covered at least once. Each sampled tooth showed a specific bacterial signature associated with carious or periodontal pathologies. This work demonstrates that from a healthy independent tooth, without visible macroscopic pathology, we can identify a signature of specific pathogens and deduce the oral health status of an individual
L'Aoustet, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude sociologique du sport hors institution : Approche macroscopique du phénomène chez les jeunes scolarisés et description ethnographique de la ville ludique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22031.
Full textDrouin, Marie. "Modélisation des écoulements turbulents anisothermes en milieu macroporeux par une approche de double filtrage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0066/document.
Full textThis works deals with the modelling if anisothermal turbulent flows in macroporous media. This topic concerns many practical applications such as heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, canopies... Our aim is to model flows through porous matrices by means of a multi-scale approach. A macroscopic description of the flows is obtained thanks to a spatial average operator, while a statistical average operator is used to handle turbulence. The successive application of both filters leads to a loss of information. Therefore, at macroscopic scale, unknown contributions linked to turbulence (Reynolds stresses) and the presence of the solid matrix (dispersion) appear. We focus on dispersion terms. We propose a thermal dispersion model for hydrodynamically established flows. Mean temperature predictions obtained with this model are very accurate for channel flows with strong temperature and wall heat flux gradients. We also derive a wall temperature model based the mean temperature model. It gives good macroscopic results for thermally developping flows. In order to be able to simulate hydrodynamically developping flows, a turbulence model is needed. A two-scale analysis of energy transfers within the flow shows that the dynamic behaviour of unbalanced flows can be described using the dispersive kinetic energy. A turbulence model that accounts for dispersive energy is derived. It predicts very well the dynamics of a flows near a channel inlet and provides accurate boundary conditions for exit flows. Finally, a dynamic model based on the dispersive energy and its dissipation rate is proposed for the dispersion tensor
Zhu, Jianchang. "Prédiction de la ductilité des matériaux hétérogènes à microstructure périodique par une approche d’homogénéisation numérique." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE011.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is to develop a multi-scale numerical tool capable of predicting the ductility of heterogeneous materials displaying periodic microstructure. Considering the spatial periodicity of the studied media, the periodic homogenization technique is selected to ensure the transition between the microscopic and macroscopic scales. This technique, formulated under the large deformation assumption, is coupled with the Rice bifurcation approach to predict the ductility limits of the studied media. To ensure this coupling, three numerical techniques have been implementedand compared to compute the macroscopic tangent modulus. This coupling has been used, among other applications, to predict the ductility limit of porous and polycrystalline media. The study conducted on porous media has allowed the careful analysis of the competition between void coalescence and theonset of plastic strain localization phenomenon. On the other hand, the study carried out on polycrystalline materials has highlighted the effect of several parameters on the loss of ductility of this type of materials
Solano, Martinez Javier Enrique. "Modélisation et supervision des flux énergétiques à bord d'un véhicule hybride lourd : approche par logique floue de type-2." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947626.
Full textGueguin, Maxime. "Approche par une méthode d’homogénéisation du comportement des ouvrages en sols renforcés par colonnes ou tranchées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1062/document.
Full textThis work takes place in the context of soil reinforcement techniques, aimed at improving the mechanical performances of poor quality grounds. Among these techniques, the use of soft inclusions taking the form of columns or cross trenches has known important developments. Even if the aspects relative to their construction process are presently well mastered, the design methods of such reinforced soil structures still remain to be greatly improved. The present work advocates the use of the homogenization method for assessing the global behavior of reinforced soil structures, both in the context of linear elasticity (stiffness properties) and in the framework of yield design (strength properties). Taking into account the geometrical periodicity of the various reinforcement configurations, we thus determine the behavior of the reinforced soils first locally and then at the global scale. To assess the strength capacities of reinforced soil structures, the static and kinematic approaches of the yield design theory are performed analytically or numerically depending on the kind of reinforcing material which is used. Adopting innovative numerical formulations dedicated to this theory, we can notably evaluate the macroscopic strength domains of column as well as cross trench reinforced soils which can then be introduced in the yield design of reinforced soil structures. Two illustrative applications of this procedure are performed relating to the bearing capacity problem of a reinforced soil shallow foundation on the one hand, the stability analysis of an embankment on the other hand
Charmetant, Adrien. "Approches hyperélastiques pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique de préformes tissées de composites." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706212.
Full textSolano, Javier. "Modélisation et supervision des flux énergétiques à bord d'un véhicule hybride lourd : approche par logique floue de type-2." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699896.
Full textGueguin, Maxime. "Approche par une méthode d'homogénéisation du comportement des ouvrages en sols renforcés par colonnes ou tranchées." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057009.
Full textJohner, Albert. "Approches microscopique et macroscopique de la réflectivité d'interfaces." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614547k.
Full textDimon, Catalin. "Contributions à la modélisation et la commande des réseaux de trafic routier." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801762.
Full textLhomme, Julien. "Modélisation des inondations en milieu urbain : approches unidimensionnelle, bidimensionnelle et macroscopique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389236.
Full textDans une première partie, on cherche à représenter un carrefour par une relation de répartition des débits, destinée à être intégrée dans un modèle unidimensionnel. Une relation conceptuelle a été couplée avec un modèle unidimensionnel utilisant l'approximation de l'onde cinématique pour simuler l'inondation du quartier Richelieu à Nîmes. Une relation empirique de répartition a été développée pour des carrefours à quatre branches à partir de simulations numériques bidimensionnelles.
La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la modélisation bidimensionnelle macroscopique. Cette approche consiste à décrire la zone urbaine à grande échelle par des propriétés statistiques telles que la porosité. Des zones urbaines de grande étendue peuvent ainsi être maillées de façon relativement grossière, ce qui contribue à réduire considérablement les temps de calcul. Un tenseur de pertes de charge singulières a été introduit pour représenter l'influence des singularités urbaines. Sa formulation a été développée à partir de simulations bidimensionnelles sur des réseaux de rues synthétiques. La modélisation macroscopique a été validée sur des cas-tests expérimentaux faisant appel à des modèles réduits et donne des résultats satisfaisants.
En parallèle, un solveur de Riemann d'état approché a été développé pour les équations de propagation classiques. Les invariants de Riemann sont exprimés en fonction des flux en tenant compte des termes source, ce qui permet un calcul direct des flux aux interfaces entre cellules. Divers cas-tests numériques montrent une nette amélioration par rapport aux solveurs classiques tel que le solveur HLL/HLLC.
Laplace, Patrick. "Approches microscopique et macroscopique des écoulements au voisinage d'une paroi perforée." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10541.
Full textGallienne, Nicolas. "Modélisation thermomécanique de maçonneries : endommagement d’un piédroit de cokerie sous l’effet de la poussée du charbon." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2032/document.
Full textTo face coke and steel market requirements, the coking process has to be more flexible. Changing process parameters such as coking temperature, blend composition and cooking time can damaged coke oven battery heating wall. Indeed, the coking process generates a swelling pressure on wall which depends on a lot of parameters. To study this point, a European project named « Swelling PRessure In a coke oven, Transmission on oven walls and COnsequences on wall » has been set up. This work is a part of it and aims to determine the admissible pushing pressure for the coke oven heating walls to prevent crack formation. To model large masonries composed of numerous bricks, a mesoscopic point of view is more appropriate. Bricks and mortar are replaced by a Homogeneous Equivalent Material (HEM) whose behaviour depends on the joint state. In order to represent joint opening mechanism, a Mohr-Coulomb criterion in stress is used. This criterion compares the level of stress to the ultimate tensile or shear stress at mesoscopic scale. Ultimate stresses are obtained thanks to an experimental campaign using a new protocol developed at PRISME Laboratory. The brick-Mortar behaviour is experimentally characterised at high temperature (20°C to 1000°C). To validate the tensile test developed, a second experimental campaign using “wedge splitting tests” has been done at Leoben University. Results are similar and confirm the importance of the brick surface state. Depending on the initial damage of the structures, mesoscopic stresses are obtained by localization tensor or by sub-Modelling. The sub-Modelling step aims to simulate a local part of the masonry at the mesoscopic scale. This step aims to simulate with a mesoscopic point of view a local part of the global model. This numerical tool has been validated thanks to a literature test. Finally, the numerical tool has been used to characterise the influence of some parameters (thermal, force due to the cross tie rod,..). Next, the simulation of the whole coke oven heating wall has been performed (undamaged or initially damaged masonry). These FE simulations show the influence of initial damage on the final masonry damage. Finally, a two flues model with beams is proposed to take into account compression due to cross tie rod and to limit computational cost. It permits to obtain better results than the existing two flues model used at CPM with a lower cost compared to the whole coke oven heating wall model
Peaudecerf, Alix. "Influence de cations sorbés sur la dissolution de l'apatite : approches microscopique et macroscopique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755659.
Full textSalamone, Salvatore. "Propriétés physiques des empilements de fibres macroscopiques : une approche expérimentale, théorique et numérique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE007/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to understand how intrinsic shape of individual fibers controls the collective behavior of fiber stacks, in particular the mechanical (elasticity) and electrical properties. We consider long fibers, aligned towards one preferential direction with a significant disorder shape. Our study is experimental and numerical. We propose a two dimensions self consistent mean field model which describes the collective elasticity from the individual properties of fibers : the disorder distribution and the bending modulus. We obtain an equation of state which describes with a good agreement the stacks elasticity, without any fit parameters, however up to a multiplicative constant. We obtain similar results between experimental and numerical studies
Djourachkovitch, Tristan. "Conception de matériaux micro-architecturés innovants : Application à l'optimisation topologique multi-échelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI086.
Full textThe design on innovative micro-architectured materials is a key issue of modern material science. One can find many examples of this kind of materials such as composites materials, foams, and even micro-architectured materials (materials which come along with some periodicity properties at the small scale). A common criterion for these materials is their ratio between weight and stiffness. Topology optimization is well suited for the design of this kind of material since the criterion that is subject to improvement is directly integrated in the formulation of the minimization problem. In this context, we propose some methods for the design of micro-architectured materials using topology optimization and for several criteria. We afterwards illustrate the benefits of these materials thought multi-scale simulations based on the theory of the first gradient and the scale separability assumption in the homogenization framework.A coupled macro/micro optimization method is presented for the concurrent optimization of the these two interdependent scales. The development of a numerical demonstrator has allowed to illustrated those various methods and to test several optimization criteria, mechanical models etcetera. In order to reduce the computational costs that might become exorbitant especially for multi-scale problems since the number of design variables increases significantly, a database approach is proposed. A broad range of micro-architectured materials is stored (and enhanced) for several criteria (weight, stiffness, original behaviour). This database is then consulted throughout the coupled optimization
Barrera, Garcia Veronica Daniela. "Sorption de composés phénoliques du vin par le bois de chêne : approches macroscopique et moléculaires." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS071.
Full textDuring ageing in oak barrels, wine acquires aromatic complexity as a result of mass transfer at the interface between wood and wine. During the past several years, a variety of studies has related the contribution of wood aroma compounds to wine. Researches concerning the sorption of wine molecules by oak wood have been initiated. However, the mechanisms dictating in the sorption process have not yet been determined. In this work, the transfer of wine phenolic compounds into oak wood under conditions simulating wine ageing were studied used both macroscopic and molecular approaches. Kinetic studies were carried out with the aim of calculating the apparent diffusion coefficients of phenolic compounds in a ternary system containing phenolic compounds, wine, and wood. The thermodynamic study, specifically with the construction of sorption isotherms, showed that the mechanisms and the sorption levels are different according to the chemical structure of the phenolic compound. Phenolic structures with an unsaturated bond on their para substituent showed the highest sorption levels. Among wood macromolecules, only lignin had a selective capacity for sorption for phenolic compounds, indicating the importance of this macromolecule in the sorption process. Molecular analysis, by FTIR and NMR identified the interactions between vinylphenol derivates and lignin, suggesting that this compound is sorbed by a chemisorption mechanism, wherein the vinyl function engages in a polymerization reaction with monolignol units of lignin. Because this work utilized different approaches, it offers a more complete picture of the sorption mechanisms of wine phenolic compounds by oak wood
Lenoir, Thomas. "Mécanismes de rétention du cuivre dans les sols : évaluation statistique des approches macroscopiques et spectroscopiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649483.
Full textTrabelsi, Ridha. "Influence d'un renforcement par dispersoïdes sur les mécanismes d'usure du couple alumine/acier approches macroscopiques et structurales /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376189438.
Full textTrabelsi, Ridha. "Influence d'un renforcement par dispersoïdes sur les mécanismes d'usure du couple alumine/acier : Approches macroscopiques et structurales." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECDL0001.
Full textMouillet, Virginie. "Spectroscopie des liants routiers : nouvelles approches macroscopiques. Relations pétroles bruts et caractéristiques des liants. Etude des interactions bitumes / polymères par microscopie IRTF." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30036.
Full textAt present, considering crude oils diversity and different formulations, there is a great variety of road bitumens, with chemical compounds or not (polymers,. . . ). So, physico-chemical methods of modified bitumens must set of macroscopic approaches and microscopic approaches too, ideal to characterize in situ differents components. Nevertheless, one of industrial difficulties of bitumens manufacturing is to choose quickly a crude oil or mixture of crude oils leading to the final characteristics wished for bitumens. In order to answer to this industrial matter, a new macroscopic approach of bitumens spectroscopic study, based upon statistical treatment, have been developped to create bitumens maps. These ones present a great benefit industrial as an decisional help. Explanatory patterns by multiple regression or partial least squares have enabled to identify links between chemical and physical parameters. So, inspite of the judicious choice of crude oils, bitumens, during their road service life, asphalts harden due to weathering (temperature, UV,. . . ). Consequently, their mechanical properties are modified. Then, in order to limit theses phenomenons, a polymer can be added. Polymer Modified Bitumens (PMB) are composite materials with a highly complex structure. Understanding how this microstructure is affected by any changes in PMB composition is a very important objective. So, for this purpose, FTIR microscopy and UV Fluorescence microscopy were used in order to characterize in situ differents components. FTIR microscopy displayed promising results to make a mapping of the specimen with respect to local polymer concentration. Most PMB display a biphasic structure with polymer rich areas along with polymer poor regions. The size and the composition of those areas are bitumen dependent. They also dramatically change through the cross linking process. The chemical species that swell the polymer involve certain types of aliphatics and slighty condensed aromatics. In any case, the polymer dispersion is greatly enhanced by the cross linking process
Vanicat, Matthieu. "Approche intégrabiliste des modèles de physique statistique hors d'équilibre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY029/document.
Full textAlthough statistical physics has been very successful to describe physical systems at thermal equilibrium (thanks to the Boltzmann distribution, which reflects the maximization of the entropy, and allows one to construct in a systematic way thermodynamic potentials), it remains elusive to provide an efficient framework to study phenomena that are out-of-equilibrium, i.e displaying non vanishing current of physical quantities (energy, charge, particles...).The goal of the thesis is to describe such systems with very simple models which retain nevertheless their main physical features. The models consist in particles evolving randomly on a one dimensional lattice connected to reservoirs and subject to hard-core repulsion. The challenge lies in computing exactly the stationary state of the model, especially the particle current, its fluctuations and more precisely its large deviation function (which is expected to play the role of an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic potential).In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure.In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular).Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to $0$ and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles
Gruescu, Ion Cosmin. "Approche par changement d'échelle de l'endommagement des matériaux anisotropes : application aux composites à matrice fragile." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-229-230.pdf.
Full textDans le cadre des techniques d'homogénéisation basées sur l'utilisation des tenseurs d'Eshelby, on propose ensuite une approche tridimensionnelle des milieux orthotropes contenant des fissures ouvertes modélisées par des cylindres infinis. Les résultats obtenus (tenseur d'Eshelby, tenseur de Hill) sont entièrement nouveaux, notamment dans le cas de fissures arbitrairement orientées par rapport aux axes d'orthotropie. Ils mettent clairement en évidence l'interaction entre l'orientation de la microfissuration et l'orthotropie initiale du matériau. Le dernier volet de l'étude est dédié à la modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'endommagement dans les composites à symétrie orthotrope de révolution, affaiblis par des fissures de forme circulaire ("penny-shaped cracks"). En raison de la difficulté particulière à aborder ce problème 3D dans le cadre des méthodes d'homogénéisation, on propose une approche mixte originale combinant les théorèmes de représentation et des résultats issus de la micromécanique. Les bonnes capacités prédictives du modèle macroscopique d'endommagement ainsi élaboré, de même que les comparaisons avec des données expérimentales, permettent de valider la démarche développée
Vilfayeau, Jérôme. "Modélisation numérique du procédé de tissage des renforts fibreux pour matériaux composites." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0026/document.
Full textThe aeronautical industry faces new challenges regarding the reduction of fossil fuel consumption. One way to address this issue is to use lighter composite materials. The ability to predict the geometry and the mechanical properties of the unit cell is necessary in order to develop 3D reinforcements in composite materials for these aeronautical applications. There is a difficulty to get realistic geometries for these unit cells due to the complexity of their architecture. Currently, existing tools which model 3D fabrics at a meso scale don't take into account manufacturing process influence on the shape modification of the textile structure. There is already some numerical tools that can model the braiding or knitting process, but none have been developed for weaving so far. Consequently, this study deals with the numerical simulation of the weaving process to obtain a deformed dry fabric structure. During the weaving process of E-glass fabrics, achieved in our laboratory, it has been observed that large deformations led to the modification of transverse section of meshes, or local density changes, that can modify the fabrics mechanical resistance. For this reason, a numerical tool of the weaving process, based on finite element modelling, has been developped to predict these major deformations and their influences on the final textile structure. The correlation between numerical results and fabrics produced with glass fibres has been achieved for plain weave and 2-2 twill
Orliac, Jean-Guillaume. "Analyse et simulation du comportement anisotrope lors de la mise en forme de renforts tissés interlock." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823359.
Full textZokimila, Pierre. "Modélisation numérique du comportement thermomécanique de réseaux de galeries souterraines pour le stockage des déchets radioactifs : Approche par homogénéisation." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010925.
Full textLa formation géologique hôte sera soumise à des chargements mécanique et thermique dus respectivement au creusement des ouvrages de stockage et au dégagement de chaleur des colis de déchets stockés. Ces chargements thermomécaniques vont engendrer une modification de la distribution des contraintes dans la couche hôte et les déformations des ouvrages ainsi que l'extension des zones endommagées (EDZ) pourraient provoquer des instabilités locales et globales.
Les objectifs de ce travail consistent en l'élaboration de techniques de calculs pour optimiser la modélisation numérique du comportement thermoélastique des ouvrages à grande échelle et en l'évaluation de la perturbation thermomécanique induite par le stockage sur la formation géologique hôte. Dans cette optique, après une présentation de l'état des connaissances sur les aspects thermomécaniques des roches liés au stockage souterrain, des modélisations numériques 2D et 3D du comportement thermoélastique d'ouvrage individuel et d'un réseau de galeries ont été réalisées par une approche discrète. Toutefois, cette approche classique est pénalisante pour l'étude du comportement global d'installations de stockage. Pour pallier à cela, une approche de modélisation numérique, basée sur la technique d'homogénéisation des milieux périodiques, a été proposée. Des formulations ainsi que des procédures numériques ont été élaborées pour déterminer le comportement thermoélastique effectif d'une structure hétérogène équivalente. Le modèle, obtenu par cette méthode, a été validé avec des méthodes d'homogénéisation existantes telles que le modèle auto-cohérent, ainsi que les bornes de Hashin-Shtrikman. La comparaison du comportement thermoélastique effectif avec le comportement thermoélastique réel de référence a montré une bonne cohérence des résultats. Pour une application au stockage profond, les coefficients thermoélastiques effectifs d'un réseau de galeries circulaires ont pu être déterminés en 2D pour différentes dimensions de l'entraxe des galeries.