Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche participative'
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Galindo, Betancourt Eliana. "Penser l’offre publique de participation en Bolivie : analyse de l’émergence et des transformations de la décentralisation participative (1994-2013)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080071.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the intellectual construct that holds the law of Popularparticipation adopted in Bolivia in 1994. On this basis, it analyzes the logic and reasoning thatdictated the adoption of a democratic and participatory approach to counter the dysfunctionsof the territorial public action and the precarious integration of the indigenous and peasantpopulation. It aims to shed light on the law-making process and on the particular layout of theproposed participatory mechanisms. It also aims to understand their impact on the forms oforganization of social actors and, more generally, on democracy in Bolivia. For this, it relieson a series of interviews with various stakeholders who participated at different stages of thedesign and implementation of the law. The study of the stories of the operators, designers anddecision-makers of the law reveals that, beyond electoral stakes and political legitimization,the values and ideas of inclusion and pluralism have influenced the definition of the law'scognitive and normative framework. The relevance of this new framework is tested withregard to the acceptance and appropriation of the norms and policy instruments by socialactors
Jankeviciute, Laura. "Internet et les préadolescents : quels usages ? : approche visuelle et participative." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995069.
Full textDalil, Mustapha. "Approche participative et gestion du développement local : le cas du Maroc." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0907.
Full textSantorum, Gaibor Marco Oswaldo. "Iesa : une méthode ludique et participative pour la représentation et l'amélioration des processus métiers." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENM054/document.
Full textNowadays, organizations have to be flexible enough to allow adjustments to new circumstances, users' requirements, respecting environmental constraints and technological evolution. Business process management (BPM) technologies provides the base that enables to adapt, optimize and evolve the business. However modeling can be hard and costly, often done by business analyst experts. In contrast, ISEA Method is a collaborative approach that lets functional actors of a process design together in a fun, fast and simple way a consensual and evolved process representation. ISEA Method is based on the traditional BPM life cycle, but introduces four original phases: Identification, Simulation, Evaluation, Amelioration These phases are supported by quality process improvement tools and use a role-playing game (serious game) in order to stimulate people and modeling in a collaborative way. The result is a “basic” and optimized process representation that we convert in a BPMN model by using the IDM approach
Perrotton, Arthur. "Conduite du bétail et coexistence entre les aires protégées et leurs périphéries : une approche participative." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS118/document.
Full textAbout 15 % of the world’s terrestrial area has some kind of protected status. Human-wildlife conflicts, crops raiding, livestock predation, poaching, illegal natural resources harvesting, the list of issues taking place at the edge of African protected areas is long. These issues are wicked problems, characterized by scientific uncertainties and involve conflictive cultural values and interconnections with other problems. The constructivist approach of post-normal sciences (PNS) assumes that reality is socially constructed. Studying and addressing wicked problems therefore requires insights on local stakeholders’ perspectives. In this PhD we focused on interactions between the Sikumi Forest (SF), a Zimbabwean protected area, and the rural communities living at its periphery. More particularly, we focused on the tensions related to cattle herding practices. The situation shows characteristic of wicked problems: the difficulty to frame a precise problem; high uncertainties about the studied SES; incomplete scientific knowledge; competing cultural values; and the interconnection to other problems. In order to understand cattle-related interactions between rural communities and the protected area, we co-designed a participatory research tool taking the form of a role-playing game (RPG) enabling us to elicit cattle herding strategies. The RPG was used with naïve villagers (villagers who were note involved in the co-design). This PhD thesis shows how the use of virtual worlds allows researchers to cope with the catch-22 of wicked problems, that is that any action transforms the problem and brings us “back to the beginning”. The co-design of the research tool allows to deal with one of the major characteristics of wicked problems: uncertainties. In the participatory design of the RGP, these were collectively reframed through negotiation. Participation led to the appropriation of the co-designed object by local actors, as a result our project went beyond the initial ambitions and produced a multi-dimensional tool of which we necessarily lose control. In a wider perspective, we believe that with the emergence of Transfrontier conservation in Africa, participatory approaches like ours can provide alternative ways to study and manage coexistence between protected areas and their peripheries
Akerkar, Akli. "L'experience algérienne de développement rural, des villages socialistes aux projets de proximité de développement rural intégré ˸ Cas de la wilaya de Bejaia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0067.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to test the relevance of the theoretical, methodological and political bases of the territorial approach of rural development in the marginalized zones of Algeria. The challenge is to highlight and to seize, in the light of the principles of territorial development, the practices, the representations and the stumbling blocks of the design and the implementation of the Durable National strategy of rural development and its local translation in the rural areas in difficulty of the wilaya of Bejaia, region of our case study. The Object of this new policy in Algeria is approached under the angle of analysis of the public policies and the political sociology of the public action. This approach multilevel, multi-actors and multidimensional, leads us to favor some fundamental concepts of the discipline of the territorial economy: coordination and synergy between actors, social configuration of the actors, multi sector integration, local governance, local system of action, process of collective learning. On the methodological level, this research is based on a qualitative approach by privileging semi-structured interviews undertaken with 164 main actors of the Durable National strategy of rural development of the wilaya of Bejaia (SWDRD). it is composed of three parts adding up eight chapters.The empirical study of the implantation of the projects of proximity of rural development integrated (PPRDI) on the rural areas of the Wilaya of Bejaia rests on three entries of analysis.In the first time, the study of the organization and the conditions of implementation of the SWDRD shows that the tools and instruments on which this new approach known as” territorial of the development'' should be based rest incomplete, are exceeded, slightly adapted by the local actors and even non-existent. On the institutional level, one notes that the choices of the SWDRD are deeply influenced by the dependence with path created by traditional institution directed towards the modernization of agriculture to the detriment of a total rural development, historically marginalized and regarded as a residual sector. In the second time, the evaluation of the actions of the 56 PPRDI validated by the technical committee of the Wilaya between the year 2003 and December 2010 constitutes our second entry of analysis. The path dependancy has been translated by the division into sectors and more precisely in the agricolisation of rural development. Thus the diversification of the economic activities likely to engage an entrepreneurial dynamic in the rural areas where is ignored. If the objectives of the SWDRD are considered to be relevant with the difficult socio- economic situation of the rural areas, they are too ambitious and little adapted to the needs expressed by the local actors, they miss complementariy, they are not accompanied by suitable means and they are sometimes in contradiction with the objectives of the other concomitant interventions of which been the subject these zones. These failures of implementation explain the very mitigated impacts of the SWDRD. Lastly, the institutional analysis of the methods of the local translation of the SWDRD reveals the main difficulties with which the territorialisation of the public action is confronted, and consequently, the emergence of the projects of territories in Algerian rural environment. The implementation of the SWDRD is still characterized by an state voluntarism very powerful and raises of local governance directed and framed by the only public power. Furthermore, the choice of the approach of development of the village soils as mode of territorialisation of the SWDRD causes the problems of the territorial relevance and thus of the integration of the dynamics of the projects to that of the territory
Bussière, Alain. "Territorialisation de l'espace public : une approche polanyienne appliquée au cas de l'Auvergne." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL001/document.
Full text"Territorialisation of the public sphere: a Polanyian approach applied to the case of Auvergne” is a doctoral research project in Information and Communication Sciences on the contemporary public sphere. This research focuses on democratic issues linked with the coexistence of different scales of articulation of political, economic and symbolic spheres. It is a theoretical and empirical work applied to the regional level (Auvergne- France), using an epistemology of complexity (Edgar Morin), the extended case method” (Michael Burawoy) and an interdisciplinary approach.Public sphere is defined as having a dual empirical and normative dimension (Jürgen Habermas). But in reference to the work of Éric Dacheux, the public sphere is also the consequence of a particular compromise, historically determined, between three orders: political, economic and symbolic systems. As a result, the public sphere is the place where these three systems come into confrontation and interact (empirical dimension) and a proper instance of democracy (normative dimension). In a democracy, it is the place where regulation and social transformation processes take place. The word “Polanyian” refers to research by Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) who demonstrated that even if liberal state, democracy and “market ideology” are historically linked, they are incompatible in the long term. This means that it is necessary to develop a new relationship between the economic sphere and the political sphere compatible with democracy. Communicational activities in the public sphere are considered as intentional human relations aimed creating shared meaning. In a democratic context, this involves a relationship between equal and free persons with irreducible otherness. Communicative action can be one of the modalities, although it is rather a normative ideal, while empirical reality is characterized by miscommunication and the prior expression of disagreements from which one can build a deliberative activity.The empirical research field is based on a study of the regional public sphere as an “emerging public sphere”. The tools used are “focus groups”, “interactive interviews” with some political actors and actors of the social and solidarity economy living in Auvergne, and the result of a participant observation as a political actor. Participatory democratic practices initiated by the Regional Council are thus described and analyzed.This research approach leads to the proposal for the representation of a “territorialized plural public sphere” representation. It vindicates a plural economy approach in Information and Communication Sciences
Van, Frank Gaëlle. "Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Full textThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Edward, Marie. "The reform complexities of the irrigation water system in Egypt : institutional change and socioeconomic constraints." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC047.
Full textThe irrigation water sector in Egypt relies on a well-defined central management framework, the integrated role of the different concerned stakeholders, including the local-level informal actors, and on how the water users perceive the value of their water resources and collectively contribute to the management mechanism. With the rising complexities, namely, poor quality, water shortage, unfair distribution and poor cost recovery, the collective approach has been progressively replaced by more individualistic actions that lead to conflicts of interest and calls for reforms. Adaptive solutions are a form of change among the water users who seek to cope with the challenges they face. Another form is a government-driven reform that supports the participatory approach through the establishment of Water Users Organizations (WUOs). The rationale behind this formalization of the informal actors is that when collective efforts of a particular group who holds common interests and is functioning under mutually accepted and compelled set of norms and rules, it is believed that it becomes more feasible to raise their level of participation in the management process. They would hence contribute to realizing more equitable water allocation and distribution and better operation and maintenance of the irrigation systems. Although the WUOs can be viewed as suitable settings for restoring collective action and improving the management at the local level, a number of institutional, financial and structural challenges hinder their functions and their capacity in meeting the interests of the concerned stakeholders and hence render their sustainability uncertain
Santorum, gaibor Marco oswaldo. "Iesa : une méthode ludique et participative pour la représentation et l'amélioration des processus métiers." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647688.
Full textEl-Kechai, Hassina. "Conception Collective de scénarios pédagogiques dans un contexte de réingénierie : une approche par la métamodélisation située." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343203.
Full textCe processus doit pouvoir aider des équipes de conception dont le but est de décrire des situations d'apprentissage qui peuvent être opérationnalisées dans un Environnement Informatique pour l'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH).
Nous considérons le processus de conception des scénarios pédagogiques qui décrivent ces situations d'apprentissage comme une construction impliquant des résolutions de problèmes.
Ces résolutions de problèmes sont plus ou moins bien définies et donnent lieu à des processus plus ou moins planifiés ou opportunistes.
Une des conséquences de ce constat nous a amené à considérer les scénarios et les métamodèles utilisés pour les décrire comme des objets qui parcourent l'activité de conception.
C'est sur cette base que le processus que nous avons défini et instrumenté permet de caractériser un ensemble d'artefacts, qui contribuent à l'élaboration de métamodèles et de scénarios en inscrivant leur conception dans une démarche centrée utilisateurs. Cette démarche se caractérise par le fait qu'elle implique les utilisateurs de ces métamodèles et de ces scénarios dans le processus de conception.
Marne, Bertrand. "Modèles et outils pour la conception de jeux sérieux : une approche meta-design." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066536/document.
Full textThis thesis in computer science is in the field of Serious Games (SGs) for learning, and focuses on designand authoring tools for adaptation.SGs are Technology Enhanced Learning systems whose design requires collaboration of different types ofexperts among which teachers.To help the initial multi-expertise design of the SGs that mix fun and learning, we propose a conceptualframework named the 6 Facets of the Design of SGs, which helps stakeholders to collaborate at everystage of design. The 6 Facets are enhanced by the design pattern (Dps) library we offer, which builds avocabulary promoting participatory design.To enable teachers to co-design SGs during the use stage, we extend the participatory design approach tometa-design. We propose a model and an authoring tool that help teachers to adapt SGs to their specificteaching contexts.MoPPLiq is a model, both formal and visual, representing the several stages of an SG. It is meant to beexplicit and adaptable by teachers. APPLiq is an authoring tool meant to adapt instances of MoPPLiqmodels, and automatically check and compensate their inconsistencies.Our conceptual tools (6 Facets and DPs) and software tools (MoPPLiq and APPLiq) were tested whiledesigning SGs with public and private partners and with SGs used by teachers
Desthieux, Gilles. "Approche systémique et participative du diagnostic urbain : processus de représentation cognitive du système urbain en vue de l'élaboration d'indicateurs géographiques /." Lausanne, 2005. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3216.
Full textLombard-Latune, Rémi. "Innover pour les services d’assainissement en zone tropicale : approche technique par filtres plantés de végétaux et accompagnement par modélisation participative." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1035/document.
Full textSustainable Develoment Goals aim by 2030, to « achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation », by « using safely managed sanitation services ». Sanitation service can be defined by its technical and social components, and their interactions. This thesis focuses on both treatment infrastructures and involvement of all the stakeholders into service definition. Cross analysis of French Overseas Territories (FOT) and Senegal contexts, has identified common constraints that weigh on sanitation sector in tropical areas. From treatment infrastructure point of view, these constraints lead to suggest treatment wetlands systems and particularly French vertical-flow treatment wetland (FS-VFTW) to easier sludge managment, as a relevant solution. Their adaptation for tropical climate is the subjet of the first axis of our work. It aimed at defining their adaptation in terms of design, plant choices and defining the treatment wetlands type to implement according to outlet requirements. A hundred of 24h sampling campains were performed on 7 full scale demonstration plants, accross the 5 FOTs. Results show that despite more compacity, the proposed design allows maintaining performances at least similar to those observed in temperate climate. Due to climatic and organizational constraints inn tropical climate, a statistical analysis has been done to point out the resilience and reliability of the systems based on regulatory selfmonitoring data. It highlights the fact that FS-VFTWs are more reliable than most of the conventional treatment processes when applied for small size communities. Their physical barrier (filter) and their lower maintenance requirement explain this observation. The second axis of our research is based on an observed lack of consultation between stakeholders during the sanitation planning phase, which is responsible for the construction of the sanitation system. In particular, the users, their needs and their constraints are poorly and badly taken into account. Companion modeling approach could create both a support (the model) for discussing technical choices, as well as the framework within which the stakeholders could exchange points of view and find a sustainable consensus. Such a process has been developed and implemented for sanitation planning in 2 areas (urban and rural) of Senegal. Focused on household population, this process has led to create a generic model for sanitation access, embodied as a role playing game, which include a significant part of expert knowledge. The relevance of such tools in the characterization of user needs has been evaluated. In addition, attention was paid to users' acceptance of the proposed service and its translation into a willingness to contribute
Lavarec, Lionel. "Modéliser les pratiques contributives : une approche info-communicationnelle de l'innovation et du design." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://scd.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/these/acces_reserve.php.
Full textWe know what is driving our society. Beyond the idea of progress, this is innovation, called through two key concepts: economy technology. It is not a creation of the mind. Any measure of a state's performance, in particular through the European Innovation Scoreboard, but also any nation's strategic plan or support criteria, depends directly on this notion of innovation. We identified it works like a black box: only inputs – funding, method, tool, organization mode or leadership – or outputs – patent, commercial success, product or service – are considered. The theory of innovation is, for the time being, often outside debates and research. In the context of the emergence of new economic players whose performance is far from that of those – industrial large groups or institutional structures – which combine expertise, structuring and the known means for innovation, we will wonder about the practices, at the center of the innovative process, which works imagination, creation and achievement together. We will try to define these new ways of thinking and acting we qualify as contributing because they go beyond the usual participative logics. Characterizing these contributing practices through a model conception will allow us to give back to progress its social dimension to serve again people. At the heart of the black box, our model questions and qualifies the information created, exchanged and transformed according to multiple relationships. It opens up a way of thinking and developing to many beyond the usual technological and economic limits. Finally, our model offers a new reading of the consideration and evolution of individuals by and for society
Nar, Mohamed. "Conceptions identiques, ethos collectif et construction de l'identité verbale : échanges collaboratifs en classe de langue (le cas des apprenants de 4ème AM en Algérie)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES040/document.
Full textThrough our research, we have tried to answer the following question : "How can a sociodidactic approach enlighten verbal interactions, in a collaborative task, during the class of language ? ". It wants to emphasize the importance of highlighting the social language practices of learners in a didactic situation. Our complex corpus, composed of verbal interactions recorded in the Algerian society and in Algerian classrooms, has been analyzed through a typically sociodidactic approach : we compare social collaborative tasks, ordinary interactions and collaborative school tasks, carried out by 4th AM French learners in Algeria, from the point of view of speech acts, interactions, discursive roles.Our study should have shown that language and cultural habits, exhibited by learners during a participative pedagogy activity, are rooted in their social and popular practices. These habitus which are competences acquired out of the class, in their social life, should thus form important means to develop linguistic and communicative skills in the target language
Merino, Albert. "Vivre avec le feu en région méditerranéenne : une approche participative multicritère et multi-scénarios appliquée au cas du massif des Maures (Var, France)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV016/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to: (i) explore and evaluate several ways of living with fire in Mediterranean forests; (ii) appraise different evaluative frameworks for wildfire risk governance. The case study concerns the Massif des Maures (Var; France), a fire-prone territory where structural socio-economic transformations are coming about since 50 years now. The thesis consists of three main parts clearly distinguishable (thematically as well as methodologically). First part focuses on “Fire Economics”, that is, the set of theoretical concepts and methodological tools commonly applied by economists for the study of wildfire risk (C+NVC model, “most efficient program level”, etc.). We highlight up to three fundamental sophisms in such an evaluative framework. We thus underline its inadequacy for dealing with the complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity and incommensurability of wildfires phenomenon. The focus of the thesis moves then to the presentation of an alternative approach in which several semi-qualitative and integrated Scenarios are explored through an inclusive Multi-Criteria reasoning. Second part thus treats Environmental Scenarios, an approach which is first presented in a general way and whose application to our case study is then analysed in detail, from the very first interviews with local actors to the final scenarios generated with their participation. These scenarios are: (i) Technical Confrontation; (ii) Forest (re)Colonisation; (iii) Fire Domestication; and (iv) Collective Adaptation. Third part deals with Participatory Multi-Criteria Approaches (PMCA). We first present and contextualise these evaluative frameworks as an example of Value-Articulating Institution (VAI). We then apply to our case study a hybrid PMCA inspired from two approaches frequently used in social-ecological systems management and risk governance: Multi-Criteria Mapping and INTÉGRAAL Approach. The thesis concludes with several recommendations that could improve social acceptability of current fire management strategies and more generally, enhance fire risk governance practices
Monfort, Amélie. "Réception sociale des modes de gestion du risque de submersion marine : une approche d’évaluation de la simulation participative appliquée aux littoraux français métropolitains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS014.
Full textIn France, coastal risk management is a central topic in discussions regarding the adaptation of coastal areas to climate change. Since the 2010s, this has been based on the promotion of alternative measures to hard defense, through soft solutions and the managed retreat of goods and activities. However, the implementation of these measures remains challenging for local stakeholders due to socio-technical and institutional factors. The originality of this thesis lies in examining the conditions of “social reception” of alternative measures, through a participatory simulation (PS) during which participants experiment with various strategies for managing the risk of coastal flooding. The PS is based on territorial archetypes and deployed in partnership with field organizations. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, game and “reality” frameworks, and a territorial approach to design, this study provides an exploratory analysis of how the PS influences the social reception dynamics among local risk managers in different metropolitan areas. We study the various ways in which the PS can be used by partners to implement or enhance local policies on coastal flooding and to explore the conditions offered for debate and reflexive experimentation according to the territorial anchoring of the PS. We examine the factors that influence the reception of measures, notably related to temporal scales and the weight of geographical configurations. Finally, we investigate the individual effects of the PS on representations of complexity, management strategies and the identification of adaptation levers
Oba, Meye Hugues Stephane. "Développement d'une approche de cartographie participative et consensuelle de zones à haute valeur aux fins d'un aménagement écosystémique et intégré d'un territoire forestier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28022/28022.pdf.
Full textOba, Meye Hugues Stéphane. "Développement d'une approche de cartographie participative et consensuelle de zones à haute valeur aux fins d'un aménagement écosystémique et intégré d'un territoire forestier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22518.
Full textQotb, Hani. "Vers une didactique du français sur Objectifs Spécifiques médié par Internet." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335245.
Full textGhorayeb, Abir. "ECOVIP : ESPACE DE COMMUNICATION VISIOPHONIQUE POUR PERSONNES AGEES - CONCEPTION, REALISATION ET EVALUATION PARTICIPATIVES." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196957.
Full textLamarque, Penelope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770307.
Full textLamarque, Pénélope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV036/document.
Full textThe ecosystem service (ES) concept is increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and is spreading into policy and business circles to draw attention to the benefits that people receive from biodiversity and ecosystems. Nevertheless, while the number of case studies considering various dimensions of the interactions between ecosystems and land use via ES has been steadily increasing, integrated research addressing interrelationships between biodiversity, ES and land use has remained mostly theoretical. This thesis aims through a socio-ecological approach to understand: (1) Which ES are potentially delivered given ecological dynamics, (2) how these ES are perceived by stakeholders in terms of value and knowledge, (3) how human management affects ES delivery, and (4) how ES are taken into account in land management decisions, thereby considering feedbacks from ecosystem to the land use system through ES. To address these questions, an interdisciplinary study was conducted on Villar d'Arène (French Alps) a municipality where the subalpine landscape is shaped by extensive mountain livestock farming. Statistical modelling and geographical information systems where combined to analyse the determinants of the spatial distribution of biodiversity and ES within the landscape using ecological (including plant functional traits), biophysical and land-use data. The following ES were mapped: agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, carbon storage, soil fertility, soil moisture, conservation of plant diversity and pollination. These allowed us to quantify trade-offs and synergies in the current landscape and to identify key management types supporting multifunctionality. The dynamics of ES was projected under four different scenarios integrating climatic, socio-economic and land-use changes, which were developed using a participative approach with regional experts and local farmers. Analyses of projected scenario impacts showed that ES synergies and trade-offs evolve differently when considering direct effects of climate on ecosystems, and/or their indirect effects through farmers adaptive responses. Interviews with local stakeholders (experts from nature conservation and agricultural extension, farmers and inhabitants) of mountain grasslands showed that the ES concept is still relatively unknown in explicit terms. Nevertheless after defining ES to interviewees, they expressed a variety of relevant interests and knowledge. Although all stakeholders valued a common set of ecosystem services (agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, and conservation of plant diversity), we identified negative and positive representations of the effects of grassland management on ecosystem services, depending on stakeholders perceptions of the relationships between soil fertility and biodiversity, and biodiversity and the other services. Finally, a role-playing game explored how ES cognition mediated environmental feedbacks on farmers' behaviours. Results emphasized the influence of other factors such as socio-economic or climatic context, topographic constraints, social value of farming or farmer individual and household characteristics, on the link between ES and land-management decisions. This case study demonstrates the interest of an integrated approach decomposing the feedback loop from ecosystems to land use when studying ES for scientific or policy purposes
Noel, David. "Une approche basée sur le web sémantique pour l'étude de trajectoires de vie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM022/document.
Full textThe notion of trajectory is the subject of many works in computer science. The life trajectory has several peculiarities which distinguish it from the trajectories usually considered in these works. It is first of all its temporal hold, which is the life, the existence of the observed subject. It is then its thematic hold, this one potentially concerning multiple aspects of the life of an object or an individual. Finally, it is the metaphorical use of the term trajectory, which refers more to the meaning of the trajectory than to the description of a simple evolution in time and space. The life trajectory is used by the expert (sociologist, urban planner ...) who wishes to put in perspective the information on individuals to better understand their choices. The motivations for studying the life trajectory are depending on the application and themes considered: the relation to work and employment, family life, social life, health, residential trajectory ...We propose a Semantic Web based approach to study life trajectories, which allows their modeling, collection and analysis. This approach is embodied by a software architecture whose components are configurable for each application case. This architecture is based on a life trajectory ontology design pattern, as well as a model of explanatory factors for life events. To operationalize the proposed modeling, we designed algorithms that allow the creation of a life trajectory ontology by exploiting the previous pattern and model. For data collection, we developed APIs to facilitate i) the construction of a model-compliant data collection interface; and ii) the insertion of the collected data into a Triple Store. Our approach allows the representation, and hence the collection and exploitation of multi-granular information, whether spatial, temporal or thematic. Finally, to allow the analysis of the trajectories, we propose generic functions, which are implemented by extending the SPARQL language.The methodological approach and the proposed tools are validated on a case study on residential choices of individuals in the Grenoble metropolitan area by highlighting the characteristics of their residential trajectory and the explanatory elements of it, including from their personal and professional trajectories
Blangy-Martin, Sylvie. "Co-construire le tourisme autochtone par la recherche-action participative et les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication : une nouvelle approche de la gestion des ressources et des territoires." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30085/document.
Full textAboriginal communities have been over researched in the past. They are looking at new ways to regain and recapture their culture, language and identity and are in the procès of taking ownership of research processes, concepts and tools. In an attempt to revisit participatory-action research approach and adapt it to aboriginal contexts, we have developed research collaborations with 13 communities from Northern Canada (Cree and Inuit) and Northern Scandinavia (Saami) and organised 20 workshops using collaborative research techniques and tools developed by Chevalier and Buckles from Carleton University. This approach and the tool kit we produced prove to be useful and timely. We were able to address the concerms and challenges that the communities have to face, develop research collaborations between the Cree, the Inuit and the Saami, study community engagement processes in tourism projects and explore new aboriginal research metholodogies. At the same time and during this 3 year Marie Curie research fellowship, we have been exploring the possibilities of developing collaborative research on line via the web 2.0 and ITC. We uploaded 200 aboriginal tourism initiatives represented in the “Aboriginal Destinations” Guidebook, connected their authors in a Content Management System SPIP (www.aboriginal-ecotourism.org), incorporating a variety of integrated technologies: Google Maps™ to provide the geographic placement of the communities; a webbased survey to produce dynamic statistical data to translate the information provided in the narratives/articles into statistical data; discussion forums to add qualitative comments to the quantitative data
Morelle, Thibaut. "Conservation et développement en République Démocratique du Congo : pour une approche participative des espaces protégés au Kivu oriental, le cas des chefferies de Bwisha (Nord Kivu) et de Kabare (Sud Kivu)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30016.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of projects integrating nature conservation and development in the Democratic Republic of Congo on the eastern part of Kivu, in the movement of participatory approaches which have developed since the 1980s within multilateral cooperation projects. We highlight the areas with conservation issues that are the object of integrated conservation and focus a diversity of actors around the management of natural resources. These articulations focus on the waterfront areas of the Virunga and Kahuzi Biega national parks, particularly in the Bwisha and Kabare chiefdoms. However, these regions face several aggravating situations: high population density, difficult socio-economic conditions in which people live, characterized by a lack of land and poverty. Those involved in conservation must take into account these factors and then the various forms of conflict which may affect the peripheries and protected areas. Conservation is organised around a central/peripheral opposition between protected natural areas to be conserved, and riparian areas conducive to human activities.However, it engenders methods of management, of development sometimes out of step with the populations, and in particular local land practices; this can be at the origin of power relations, conflicts in the management of protected areas and constitute obstacles to the participation of local populations in conservation activities. At the heart of this research is the study of integrated conservation in national parks and the associated management arrangements
El, Mnasfi Mustapha. "Les dispositifs institutionnels dans les politiques de lutte contre l’exclusion urbaine - Le cas des dispositifs participatifs dans le PNRU en France et dans l’INDH en milieu urbain au Maroc : Approche comparative entre deux métropoles françaises (Lille et Amiens) et deux métropoles marocaines (Rabat et Casablanca)." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS016S/document.
Full textThe objective of the present work is to understand the impact of participative mechanisms at the level of relationship between representatives of public authorities and representatives of the civil society mobilized around the procedures set up within the framework of the « National Urban Renewal Program » (NURP) in France and of the « National Initiative for Human Development » (NIHD) in urban areas in Morocco. This will enable us to elucidate the convergences and divergences between the two cases.The data of this research is based on 70 semi-structured interviews. They were conducted with public actors and members of the civil society involved in the « NURP » in France and the « NIHD in urban areas » in Morocco.In this dissertation I argue that the participative mechanisms implemented within the framework of the NURP and the NIHD in urban areas contribute to the transformation of the relationship between representatives of the public authorities and the association’s representatives. These mechanisms gave rise to the emergence of "professionals" of participation. The survey also argues that authorities use the associative resources to produce public action in working class districts. In this context, the associative actors carry out actions which should have been accomplished by public agents
Texier, Pauline. "Vulnérabilité et réduction des risques liés à l'eau dans les quartiers informels de Jakarta, Indonésie. Réponses sociales, institutionnelles et non institutionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441988.
Full textAraÃjo, Ana LeÃnia de. "Abordagem etnopedolÃgica em um assentamento rural no semiÃrido cearense." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6577.
Full textA etnopedologia propÃe relaÃÃes entre o saber cientÃfico e o saber local e atravÃs de abordagens participativas pode gerar trabalhos que considerem as duas formas de conhecimento e, portanto, sejam mais acessÃveis e possam ser aplicados de maneira mais adequada. Para a realizaÃÃo de trabalhos com abordagem etnopedolÃgica à necessÃrio que as metodologias utilizadas sejam adequadas para promover a integraÃÃo entre pesquisadores e agricultores. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na comunidade SÃo Joaquim, pertencente ao Assentamento SÃo Joaquim (25 de Maio) que localiza-se no municÃpio de Quixeramobim â CE. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho realizar a avaliaÃÃo etnopedolÃgica de um assentamento rural e elaborar o levantamento de solos, gerando informaÃÃes acessÃveis e que levasse em consideraÃÃo o conhecimento dos agricultores sobre o ambiente. Os agricultores reconheceram as terras do tipo âcroaâ, âarisco brancoâ, âarisco vermelhoâ e âmassapÃâ e os ambientes âbaixaâ, âtabuleiro/carrascoâ e âchapadaâ. Os critÃrios usados para essa distinÃÃo relacionaram-se, principalmente, com a textura, cor, profundidade e disponibilidade quÃmica. Associaram elementos como presenÃa de minhocas, formigas e variaÃÃo no porte da vegetaÃÃo para diferenciaÃÃo das terras. No levantamento pedolÃgico utilizou-se materiais de base de FUNCEME, (1989), INCRA (1992) e imagens de satÃlite utilizando o mÃtodo de prospecÃÃo de transectos, perfazendo um total de 156 pontos amostrados, sendo 9 perfis, 21 amostras extras e 126 observaÃÃes. Foram identificadas 15 unidades de mapeamento: ARGISSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS (PVAe), CAMBISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (CX), LUVISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (TXo1, TXo2, TXo3 e TXo4), NEOSSOLOS FLÃVICOS (RYve), NEOSSOLOS LITÃLICOS (RLe1 e RLe2), NEOSSOLOS REGOLÃTICOS (RRe1 e RRe2), PLANOSSOLOS HÃPLICOS (SXe1 e SXe2) e VERTISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (VCo1 e VCo2). As comparaÃÃes realizadas entre a abordagem formal e local para a distribuiÃÃo das terras e solos no lote dos agricultores permitiram estabelecer mais critÃrios de comparaÃÃo. Os agricultores da comunidade SÃo Joaquim possuem profundo conhecimento sobre as terras e vÃrios elementos utilizados por eles estÃo presentes nos critÃrios para classificaÃÃo dos solos, mostrando assim semelhanÃas entre as duas formas de conhecimento que sob essa abordagem pÃde aproximÃ-los de forma a gerar informaÃÃes mais acessÃveis para futuros trabalhos.
Ethnopedology proposes relationships between scientific and local knowledge and with these participatory approaches is possible generate works taking in account the two ways of knowledge and so being more accessible and applied in a better manner. Dealing with ethnopedology is necessary use adapted methodologies to integrate researchers and farmers. This work was developed in the Community SÃo Joaquim, in the settlement SÃo Joaquim (25 de Maio) in the municipality of Quixeramobim â CE. We aimed to do an ethnopedological evaluation from a rural settlement and generate a soil mapping with accessible information taking in account the local knowledge. The farmers recognize the kinds of land âcroaâ, âarisco brancoâ, âarisco vermelhoâ and âmassapÃâ and the environments âbaixaâ, âtabuleiro/carrascoâ and âchapadaâ. The criterion used to distinguish are related to texture, color, depth and fertility. Some elements are related to as presence of earthworms, ants and variation of vegetation size to distinguish lands. In the soil mapping was used base material as FUNCEME, (1989), INCRA, (1992) and satellite images with prospection method as transects with a total of 156 sample points, being 9 profiles, 21 extra samples and 126 observations. It were identified 15 mapping unites: ARGISSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS (PVAe), CAMBISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (CX), LUVISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (TXo1, TXo2, TXo3 and TXo4), NEOSSOLOS FLÃVICOS (RYve), NEOSSOLOS LITÃLICOS (RLe1 and RLe2), NEOSSOLOS REGOLÃTICOS (RRe1 and RRe2), PLANOSSOLOS HÃPLICOS (SXe1 and SXe2) and VERTISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (VCo1 and VCo2). Comparisons between formal and local approach to the lands and soil distribution in the farmers plot allowed to establish more criteria of comparison. Farmers from SÃo Joaquim have deep knowledge about their lands and many elements used by them are in the criteria of soil classification showing similarities between the two ways of knowledge that in an ethnopedological approach is easier to put them closer and generate information to be better applied in the future.
Oreszczyn, Sue. "Participative Approaches to Hedgerow Conservation." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/30150/.
Full textLoudin, Sarah. "Can we use a social experiment to assess the impact of participatory processes for water management? Studying a generic method tackling the evaluation of capabilities." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02524967.
Full textThe involvement of people in decision-making processes concerning the management of their natural resources has been largely promoted by institutional actors, from national to international scale. Its evaluation is important to determine its effectiveness and support governance. That is why we proposed in this thesis to develop an evaluation tool of the impacts of public participation through time on people and groups of people. To do this, we explore the use of a social experiment to perform this task, and focus on the capabilities of people, that is to say their valued freedoms of being and doing. Hence, the main research question of this thesis is the following: is it possible to use a social experiment based on a role-playing game to evaluate the impact of participatory processes for water management on its participants?We focused on three capabilities related to important states of being and action in the field of participatory decision-making for water resource management: being able as an individual to express oneself in a determined social context; being able to collectively make the diagnosis of a problematic situation; and being able to collectively make rules to manage a socio-ecosystem and implement them.We designed the CappWag experiment, a mixed-method evaluation tool based on an ad hoc role-playing game called CAPPWAG (divided in an ex ante version, CAPPWAG-RIVER, and an ex post version, CAPPWAG-LAKE), a questionnaire and a collective debriefing. We implemented the CappWag experiment on two case studies: a one-time evaluation of capabilities in Tunisia through the PR-OSCAR project, and an ex ante ex post evaluation in France with first-year Water Master’s students taking part in a course on Integrated water resource management. The results showed that the capabilities evaluated in the twelve groups of players varied greatly in terms of existence and strength. In the Master’s case study, the evolution of the three capabilities in the three-month span of the IWRM course was just as diverse and despite our expectations, they did not always increase, and sometimes even decreased. The methodology we used to analyze the data proved to be an interesting compromise between the collection and treatment of the data and the precision of the final results delivered to researchers, but also practitioners and participants. The evaluation of a collective capability was the most difficult part of the analyses, because of the multiple group configuration that can take place during a workshop. Despite the efforts undertaken to make the evaluation tool as appealing as possible to participants and practitioners, its inclusion within participatory processes could still be improved, in order to ensure its double implementation (ex ante and ex post). The capability approach that serves as a conceptual framework in this research does presents strong assets to capture the motivations, interests and capacities of participants in terms of water resource management and collective action. In order to be even more useful to practitioners and participants, our evaluation tool would benefit from the collection and treatment of additional information concerning people’s involvement in the real-life evaluated participatory process or training and to the events and social dynamics taking place outside of the evaluation tool
Yassine, Rabab. "Evaluation de l'efficience probable d'un projet de restauration fonctionnelle et durable d'un cours d'eau." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0057.
Full textThe restoration of mountain rivers as well as the evolution of the hydro-sedimentary context and associated control factors (climate, land use change, reforestation, human impacts, etc.) have been widely studied in Alpine catchment areas. Pyrenean watercourses remain very poorly documented and knowledge related to their torrential dynamics is limited. However, the problems observed recently and the evolutionary trajectories documented tend to show the same tendencies. The aim of this research project is to address, under a global and systemic approach, a restoration project of a mountain river reach. The methodological approach adopted is intended to be multidisciplinary. The system dynamics is thus apprehended from different angles and scales, requiring the intervention of various scientific fields (hydrology, hydraulics, geomorphology, risks). The objectives of the thesis are numerous. The first addresses the understanding of the evolution of the “Lac des Gaves” reach, within the Gave de Pau watershed in the Hautes- Pyrénées department as well as the torrential system immediately upstream. The aim is to identify the different pressures (anthropic and natural) that led to the current hydro-sedimentary context through a diachronic and experimental approach. The result of this analysis is the characterization of the evolution of the Gave de Pau watershed’s sedimentary context over eight periods, indicating that it is still in a post-flood readjustment period. The second concerns the quantification of the behaviour of liquid and solid flows coming from the upstream torrential system in order to understand their effects on the physical environment studied and to set orders of magnitude. To this end, hydrological modelling with the MARINE model at the watershed scale is carried out in order to reproduce the major flood events and to feed the two-dimensional hydro-morphological model developed at the reach scale with the TELEMAC model. This approach demonstrates how difficult it is to make precise estimates of hydrology in mountainous catchments and that, while good results can be observed downstream, it remains complicated to find a consensus for the calibration of the model upstream. At the section scale, the results reveal the challenge to reproduce the evolution of a channel with a very complex morphology. Sediment budget calculations were also performed in order to identify the quantity of material arriving at the “Lac des Gaves” and potentially modifying its morphology. This approach made it possible to select a formula adapted to the Gave de Pau watershed and to obtain orders of magnitude of the volumes of sediments coming from the upstream torrential system. Finally, this restoration project is of big interest for the various stakeholders in the Gaves valleys. The stakes are multiple and a given restoration measure can significantly impact the safety of goods and people, the various socio-economic aspects and the ecological continuity of the system. In order to integrate these different criteria, a participatory approach involving the project stakeholders is deployed in the form of a system-oriented methodology. To support this approach, the Bayesian Networks are used as modelling tools because of their propensity to combine transdisciplinary and multidimensional knowledge as well as data of various kinds. Their use as a decision-making support in the framework of a river restoration project is finally addressed and applied to the specific case study of the Lac des Gaves
Viana, de Quadros Bittencourt Joao Marcos. "L’expression de l’expérience du travail dans la conduite de projet : arguments pour une ingénierie des objets intermédiaires." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20032/document.
Full textThis thesis is developed on two lines of research in ergonomics: the development of the work activity during the project and the use of intermediary objects in the design process. Based on the participation of biotechnology laboratories project, anergonomist conducted simulations to discuss the project solutions and involve workers in the design decisions. The use of intermediary objects as a support for the realization of simulations is a common strategy for integrating work experience in the design and organization of users’ participation. For the simulations performed it was used a scalemodel made of Lego, besides of other intermediary objects to help the use of the scalemodel and action ergonomist during the project. From proposition of workspaces design solutions users formulate representations of how the activity will be developed in these future environments. This thesis shows that they are also capable of develop new desirable references the activity in which they imagine that their work could be conducted in a more efficiently or safe way. Through the tension between these twopoles, the “desirable” and the “possible”, solutions for the project tend to converge. The results of this process develop proposals for workspaces and also for the activity. But for the ergonomist be able to conduct the development of this dialogical process between the workspace design and activity, it is necessary to have the appropriate instruments. To this end, we propose in this thesis references to the creation and use of intermediary objects in ergonomic action
Abou, Warda-Khazen Maissoun. "Efficacité environnementale des documents locaux d'urbanisme : application aux bruits routiers dans les communes franciliennes et algéroises." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936964.
Full textKhezami, Nadhira. "Commande multimodèle optimale des éoliennes : application à la participation des éoliennes au réglage de la fréquence." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675623.
Full textStevens, Richard John. "Developing effective health websites : a participative approach." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313909.
Full textOuendo, Edgard-Marius D. "Indigence et soins de santé primaires en République du Bénin: approche de solutions au problème d'identification des indigents dans les formations sanitaires publiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211005.
Full textMéthode: Après un état des lieux de la situation des indigents dans le système de santé au Bénin, trois études ont été réalisées pour approfondir la question des indigents;
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Spies, Van Zyl. "Emancipation Through Participation: A Case Study." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21294.
Full textDarroman, Mélanie. "Renaissance de l'habitat participatif en France : vers de nouvelles formes négociées de fabrication de la ville ? Deux études de cas dans l'agglomération bordelaise : le projet HNord (Bordeaux) et La Ruche (Bègles)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0485.
Full textThis PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities
Peyrat, Dominique. "Participation et implication des salaries : le projet d'entreprise, approche comparative." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT4002.
Full textOn the basis of a comparison of firms which have written their mission statement with firms which have not elaborated a mission statement, the purpose of this research is to bring to the fore the links between employee participation and commitment. The study is based on the analysis of data collected by interview with 41 firms "with a mission statement" and 41 other firms "without a mission statement", that can be compared in pairs, as regards their activity sector and their number of employees. The organizational characteristics of the firms of the two groups are not significantly different. On the other hand, they differ as regards their human resource management (hrm) practices. The degree of success of the mission statement depends on the mission statement's type elaborated, on the organizational characteristics and on hrm practices, but neither the mission statement's type, nor the mere fact of having stated a mission have not any influence on the degree of employee commitment. The degree of employee commitment depends on the organizational characteristics and on the hrm practices
Zumbo-Lebrument, Cédrine. "La participation des parties prenantes à la démarche de marketing territorial d’une marque de territoire : le cas de la marque Auvergne Nouveau Monde." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100102/document.
Full textBased on a research-intervention carried out as part of a CIFRE thesis within the association "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" (ANM), the objective of this thesis is to identify, understand and evaluate the different determinants on which lies the participation of the stakeholders in the place marketing process of the "ANM" brand of territory. In order to do this, in a first part, in the fields of participatory democracy and place marketing, the meaning, scope and stakes of the participation of the stakeholders of a brand of territory are explained as well as their conceptual foundations. Then, in a second part, the field of research and the methodological approach to study the participation of the stakeholders of the brand "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" are exposed: the latter consists, first, of a contextualization work on the participation of stakeholders in the ANM place marketing approach and then, secondly, of a qualitative study carried out through 25 interviews with members of the association ANM, and, thirdly, the PLS (Partial Least Squares) approach to two models of structural equations (a model for the members of the ANM association and a model for the brand ambassadors, citizens of Auvergne) of the determinants of the participation of ANM brand stakeholders in the implemented place marketing approach. In a third part, the results of the validation of the two structural equation models of the determinants of participation based on a total sample of 295 respondents are presented and then discussed in order to delineate both the inputs, limitations, managerial implications and research prospects. The results show that attachment to the ANM brand has a positive influence on the participation of the stakeholders studied; correspondingly, the results indicate that this attachment to the brand is positively influenced by the feeling of regional belonging, organizational involvement (for members) and satisfaction with the ANM brand association
Ljung, Stina. "Approaches to participative planning : Potential applications in municipal energy planning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-62198.
Full textAmezah, Agbenyega, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case." THESIS_FSTA_ARD_Amezah_A.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/75.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Amezah, Agbenyega. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/75.
Full textAmezah, Agbenyega. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case /." View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030603.164705/index.html.
Full textPloyart, Delphine. "La participation du salarié à la gestion de l'entreprise : approche communautaire." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0031.
Full textEstay, Christophe. "La participation financière des salariés dans l'entreprise : approche quantitative et qualitative." Bordeaux 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40015.
Full textThe limits of theoritical and empirical studies show a financial participation development based on public incitations, and tax advantages are motivated by ideologic reasons more than scientific reasons. However, this remuneration system is sometimes accepted without any public incitation and, historically, the financial participation appeare before the first gouvernment decision. This fact is due to the link between participation and the employees' attitude. The studies on stock ownership plans reveal a positive link between this system and satisfaction or implication. We also realised an empirical study, which shows a positive, but weak, impact of profit sharing on employees satisfaction
Clarens, Pascal de. "L'avenir du crowdfunding en France : une approche par les plateformes." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT3013.
Full textAlternative finance, and its offshoot crowdfunding, has developed particularly rapidly in France. We will review the situation of the 4 existing forms, Donations, Lending, Equity and Royalties, with reference to the rules, the market, and the promises relating to alternative finance. Through a lexical analysis of three complementary corpuses, we will show the complementariness or the differentiation according to the positions of the stakeholders. Through action-research we will propose a detailed study of the differences between the various forms of crowdfunding. Through action-research, we will propose a detailed study of the differences between the various forms of crowdfunding, of its evolution and its future. The differentiation between the various forms of crowdfunding depending on their aim and the analysis of their BM. An analysis of problems of profitability will enable us to suggest possible improvements. By demonstrating the central importance of the Project for the success of a crowdfunding campaign and by pinpointing the promises made by cooperative platforms, we will argue that returning to the initial promises of alternative financing could give the sector a new boost
Brenier, Ambroise. "Pertinence des approches participatives pour le suivi écosystèmique des pêcheries récifales." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066140.
Full text