Dissertations / Theses: 'Approche transnationale'

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Brébant, Emilie. "La Vierge, la guerre, la vérité: approche anthropologique et transnationale des apparitions mariales rwandaises." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209913.

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Depuis le début des années quatre-vingt, la petite localité de Kibeho - un hameau particulièrement difficile d’accès situé aux confins d’une région rurale du sud-ouest du Rwanda, à environ deux cents kilomètres de Kigali - s’est muée en une destination de pèlerinage prisée par de nombreux Catholiques rwandais et, désormais, étrangers. L’origine de ce changement de nature du lieu se confond avec les apparitions de la Vierge (mais aussi du Christ et d’autres personnages du « panthéon » catholique) dont ont été favorisées plusieurs jeunes filles scolarisées au collège catholique local au début des années quatre-vingt, puis un certain nombre d’adolescents des environs. De spontanés et irréguliers qu’ils étaient dans les premières années du phénomène, encore liés aux performances publiques des voyants qui bénéficiaient des apparitions à heures fixes sur un podium surélevé, les déplacements d’individus se sont graduellement organisés. Aujourd’hui, à Kibeho, les apparitions publiques ont pris fin. Les pèlerins, qu’ils appartiennent à l’un ou l’autre mouvement d’Action catholique ou à un groupe de prière et de pèlerinage né des apparitions, se regroupent dans différents centres urbains du pays pour rejoindre le sanctuaire de Notre-Dame des Douleurs, érigé suite à la reconnaissance des apparitions par l’Eglise catholique en 2001 et en perpétuelle expansion depuis lors.

En 2001, la déclaration de reconnaissance mentionne, parmi les signes de crédibilité des apparitions, « la journée du 15 août 1982 qui fut marquée notamment, contre toute attente, par des visions effroyables, qui dans la suite se sont avérées prophétiques au vu des drames humains vécus au Rwanda et dans l’ensemble des pays de notre région des Grands Lacs ». Cette lecture officielle qui confère un horizon de sens aux événements, instituant la prophétie en des termes choisis permettant d’y entrevoir le génocide comme l’hécatombe du choléra dans les camps de réfugiés du Congo, est diversement négociée par les acteurs locaux, même si la conviction de la réalisation d’une prophétie est quasi-unanime. Du point de vue des pèlerins, les apparitions demeurent relativement problématiques. Elles exigent de chacun qu’il négocie sa position en fonction d’une représentation de l’orthodoxie constamment réévaluée dans les limites de ce qui est expérimenté et affirmé comme une identité catholique. Cette difficulté est notamment due à la multiplicité des individus qui ont revendiqué ou revendiquent encore des visions ou apparitions, alors que seules trois jeunes filles ont été reconnues par l’Eglise catholique en 2001.

Après avoir soigneusement défini le cadre socio-historique des apparitions rwandaises, en abordant la question depuis le point de vue de voyants non reconnus - dont l’une expatriée en Belgique - et de ceux qui leur sont proches, la thèse propose une analyse des discours par lesquels ceux-ci se définissent et négocient la légitimité de leur pratique religieuse. Une attention particulière a été portée aux outils stéréotypés de la critique (sexualité, politique, vénalité…), mobilisés dans le cadre des tensions et conflits qui opposent différents acteurs individuels et collectifs. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes qui président aux rhétoriques de la construction de soi ont été mis en lumière, notamment par le biais des récits de guerre qui fondent une identité de survivant liée à la conviction d’une intervention mariale. Ce processus se confond souvent avec ceux qui président à la construction du pouvoir de la Vierge, et donc des voyants. Finalement, au travers de l’analyse des représentations touchant notamment à la prophétie du génocide et de la guerre civile, les nouveaux rapports au national se font jour, les violences des années nonante étant intégrées dans un schéma biblique qui opère un basculement significatif :parce que le Rwanda serait touché de plein fouet par la Mal, il a été choisi par Dieu et par la Vierge comme noyau de la Nouvelle Evangélisation. À travers l’analyse du rapport au divin, à l’autorité, aux représentations de la modernité que les mots des acteurs reflètent, c’est le catholicisme vécu qui s’éclaire à l’ombre du sanctuaire et de son appareil médiatique foisonnant, ce catholicisme empirique dont la richesse se renouvelle à chaque « enculturation » comme au passage des générations successives et dont il importe, pour l’anthropologie comme pour l’histoire du christianisme, d’approcher l’infinie variété.

Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Timuroglu, Senem. "Une approche transnationale des écritures des femmes ottomanes et françaises (européennes) au 19ème et au début du 20ème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040198.

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Dans la présente étude intitulée « Une approche transnationale des écritures des femmes ottomanes et françaises (européennes) au 19ème et au début du 20ème siècle » nous avons étudié les ouvrages et œuvres de femmes ottomanes et européennes autour de l’image du « harem » avec une approche transnationale féministe. La revendication de la thèse est que l’on ne peut ni parler d’une seule image du harem ni d’un type de récit de harem de femme ottomane, anglaise ou française. En replaçant ces ouvrages, classés dans la catégorie de « littérature de harem » au rang de la littérature mondiale, nous avons observé les différentes manières d’appréhender la lutte pour la libération de la condition féminine des femmes ottomanes comme autant de témoignages différents. D’autre part, nous avons mis en évidence, les interactions et la solidarité que les femmes féministes ottomanes et européennes ont mis en place, malgré les différences, de race, langue et religion pour leur lutte pour la condition féminine, dans un commun état d’esprit lié aux revendications de leur genre, du 19ème siècle au début du 20ème siècle
In this manuscript titled « A Transnational Approach to Literatures of Ottoman and French (European) Women Writers of 19th and Early 20th Centuries » works of Ottoman and European women writers gathered around the image of « harem » are explored with a comparative and transnational feminist method. Their work is analyzed in a non-Eurocentric, transnational, multi-cultural and multi- lingual, global and systematic perspective divorced from discourses of male hegemony. The central argument of this manuscript is that there are multiple images for the East and hardly any type of European women’s narrative can serve as a prototype. In this study, narratives piled under the category « harem literature » are evaluated as part of the greater World Literature and arenas for contrasting testmonies of Ottoman Women’s Liberation Movement. Moreover, solidarity and interaction developed among Ottoman and European women are noted who had common gender-related problems next to differences due ethnicity, language and religion, in the 19th and early 20th centuries

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Lee, Clara Hyun-Jung. "Une génération de mères biologiques sud-coréennes (1970-1980) dans l'adoption transnationale. Une approche du lien de parenté par le corps relationnel." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH186/document.

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Prenant acte de l’impasse du culturalisme depuis David Schneider, la thèse propose, dans le prolongement des travaux de Viveiros de Castro, de Marilyn Strathern et d'Enric Porqueres i Gené, d’envisager le corps comme le sujet réel du lien de parenté, hypothèse qui permet d’accéder à un sens du biologique non réductible à sa dimension biogénétique et d'éviter l’écueil de sa ‘culturalisation’. La thèse s’appuie sur une étude empirique réalisée in situ auprès de mères biologiques sud-coréennes des années 1970-80. Sa principale particularité par rapport aux études existantes tient à ce que ces mères ont retrouvé leur(s) enfant(s), adopté(s) trans-nationalement plusieurs décennies plus tôt, et aussi à ce que l’étude, les accompagne dans la découverte de leur propre corps comme vrai sujet, acteur, à partir duquel, dans et par la relation s’élabore le lien à l’enfant, au-delà du chagrin.Plusieurs enseignements sont tirés. Premièrement, le corps de la mère doit s’envisager à la fois comme corps perçu et corps percevant, sur le fondement du corps naturant. Le corps perçu, auquel s'identifie ou non la mère biologique lui procure certes une identité, mais fausse car ne participant pas réellement du véritable lien de parenté. Ce corps n’est qu’une représentation animée par la psyché collective via le langage, agissant comme préjugé. Ce corps là n’est pas acteur vivant du lien, mais produit figé de la naturalisation du social, inscrit dans une époque, un espace, une culture donnés, circonstanciés, expression d'une norme répétée tout aussi étroite. Le corps réel, acteur du lien, ces mères le découvrent après les retrouvailles. Il peut être dit « percevant », au sens de Merleau-Ponty (1945, 1964) et Evans (1982). C’est à partir de lui que s’élabore le lien réel à l’enfant. Ce lien d’ailleurs a persisté après la séparation, mais plus ou moins fantasmé, il se manifeste pour compenser l’absence et la honte, en réaction à la norme culpabilisante, par la production de « souvenirs-expériences » symboliques, inévitablement monologiques. Après les retrouvailles, la dimension symbolique du lien évolue, car s’abolit dans l’esprit des enfants, comme des mères, avec la compréhension de leur vécu grâce à l'échange, l’image sociale de « mère abandonneuse ». Face à cet immense corps, enfin revenu, de leur petit enfant, « en chair et en os », la mère découvre que l’hérédité biogénétique ne suffit pas à réenraciner le lien distendu. Le « temps partagé », fondement du corps relationnel, a manqué. Elles entreprennent alors, comme elles peuvent vu la difficulté, linguistique, culturelle, de la communication, de réinventer ce corps relationnel, dans sa dimension participative et émotionnelle, ici et maintenant. Leur identité de mère devient alors plurielle. En conclusion, nous proposons de considérer la notion de « corps relationnel » aux trois différents âges de participation
Taking note of the dead end of Culturalism, and furthering the works of Viveiros de Castro, Marilyn Strathern and Enric Porqueres i Gené, this thesis aims at considering the body as the real subject of the kinship link, an hypothesis which would allow an access to a meaning of the biologic as unreducible to its biogenetic dimension, and so avoiding a 'culturalization'. The present thesis bases itself on an empirical study made in situ amongst South-Korean biological mothers belonging to the 70-80ies generation. The main characteristic of this study, compared to other existing ones, consists in the fact that these mothers, met again their earlier several decades transnationally adopted child(ren), and that this study accompanies them in the discovery of their own body as being the real subject, actor, on the basis of whom, in and through the relationship, the tie with the child works out, beyond all their grief.Several lessons haven been drawn. First, the mother's body is to be regarded both as perceived body and perceiving body, on the basis of the naturing body. The perceived body, with whom the biological mother identifies herself – or not – affords her, of course, an identity, but a wrong one in that she does not thus participate in a real kinship tie. This perceived body is but a representation animated by the collective psyche through language, and acting as prejudice. That body is not a living actor, enacting the link, but a fossilized product of the naturalization of the social, embedded in a particular given time, place, and culture, very situated, an expression of a repeated norm, as much restricted. The real body, the one who is the actor of this link, will be discovered after the reunion. This one may be called « perceiving », in the merleau-pontian (1945, 1964) sense, and the one given by Evans (1982). It is on its basis that the real link, tie, with the child will work out. This link, besides, persisted after the adoption separation, but in a more or less fantasized way, manifesting itself as a sort of compensation for the absence and the shame, in a reaction against the culpabilization by the norm, via the production of symbolic « experience- memories », unavoidingly monologic. After the reunion, the symbolic dimension of the link will evolve, on the basis that may be abolished that social image of an « abandoning mother », through the comprehension, by mother as well as child, of what they lived through, as they go on sharing through dialogues. Facing this, at last coming back, huge body of their, once, little child, « in the flesh », these mothers will discover that biogenetical heredity does not suffice for rooting again the distended ties: the « shared time », which is the very foundation of the relational body, lacked. They will then undertake, as well as they can, in view of the difficulty, linguistic, cultural, of the communication, to reinvent this relational body in its partitive, emotional dimension, here and now. Their identity as mother becomes then plural. As its conclusion, this thesis proposes to consider the notion of « relational body » at the three different ages of participation

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Gallardo, Lucille. "Africagay contre le sida : un "combat africain" ? : approche relationnelle d'une mobilisation inter-associative franco-africaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100084.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux collaborations inter-associatives franco-africaines de lutte contre le sida et propose d’étudier leurs singularités. Elle s’arrête sur le cas du réseau Africagay contre le sida qui regroupe, depuis la fin des années 2000, une vingtaine d’associations d’Afrique francophone et les associations françaises Aides et Sidaction, mobilisées pour défendre la cause homosexuelle sur le continent africain. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique qui associe l’observation des activités du réseau dans plusieurs pays et à différentes échelles, à des entretiens et au dépouillement de fonds d’archives, elle propose une analyse socio-historique et relationnelle des déterminants et des effets de l’engagement transnational. La thèse envisage les collaborations franco-africaines au prisme d’une dialectique mêlant interdépendances et asymétries. Interdépendantes pour se légitimer dans l’espace international de lutte contre le sida, les associations et les personnes prises dans ces collaborations ne sont pas égales. "L’international" constitue une ressource socialement distinctive. Elle profite davantage aux personnes et aux organisations qui sont dans les positions les plus avantagées dans leurs espaces nationaux respectifs et au sein du collectif. Néanmoins les pratiques d'extraversion, considérées comme un sens pratique de l'action sous contrainte, permettent aux personnes les moins dotées socialement de tirer profit de cette forme d'action collective. Au croisement des sociologies de l’international, des mobilisations, et de l’aide internationale, cette thèse permet de comprendre comment se perpétuent et se redéploient des proximités singulières et des rapports de pouvoir caractéristiques des relations franco-africaines, d’un point de vue non-substantialiste
This dissertation focuses on Franco-African inter-associative collaborations in the fight against AIDS and proposes to study their singularities. To this end, it focuses on the case of the « Africagay contre le sida » network, which, since the end of the 2000s, has brought together some twenty organizations in French-speaking Africa and the French organizations Aides and Sidaction, mobilized to defend the homosexual cause on the African continent. Based on an ethnographic survey that combines observation of the network's activities in several countries and at different scales, interviews, and the examination of archival fonds, it offers a socio-historical and relational analysis of the determinants and effects of transnational engagement. The research considers Franco-African collaborations through the prism of a dialectic mixing interdependencies and asymmetries. Interdependent in order to legitimize themselves in the international space of the fight against AIDS, organizations and individuals involved in these collaborations are not equal. "The international" is a socially distinctive resource. It is of greater benefit to the people and organizations that are in the most advantaged positions in their respective national spaces and within the collective. Nevertheless, the practices of extraversion, considered here as a practical sense of action under constraint, allow those who are less socially endowed to benefit from this form of collective action. At the crossroads of the sociology of the international, mobilization, and international aid, this dissertation allows us to understand how singular proximities and power relations, characteristics of Franco-African relations, are perpetuated and redeployed, from a non-substantialist point of view

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Huré, Maxime. "Les réseaux transnationaux du vélo : Gouverner les politiques du vélo en ville : De l’utopie associative à la gestion par les grandes firmes urbaines (1965-2010)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22019/document.

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Le développement du vélo en ville constitue aujourd’hui un impératif pour les élus, notamment au regard des injonctions en faveur du développement durable. Dans les années 2000, les dispositifs de vélos en libre service se sont imposés dans la majorité des villes européennes. Si leur développement a été guidé par des considérations écologiques, ces dispositifs valorisent plus généralement l’innovation politico-institutionnelle et le dynamisme économique des villes. Ces dispositifs se sont imposés grâce à des réseaux transnationaux structurés autour de la thématique du vélo. Ces réseaux invitent à considérer les échanges transnationaux comme vecteurs de transformations dans l’action publique urbaine. Les préoccupations pour le développement du vélo ont une histoire qui s’inscrit dans une série d’interactions entre les villes depuis les années 1970. L’analyse de la formation et des effets des réseaux transnationaux du vélo permet de définir des périodes et des régularités dans ces recompositions qui affectent à la fois les politiques du vélo en ville et l’organisation des pouvoirs politiques urbains. Une première période structurée par l’activité transnationale des associations de défense du vélo invite à comprendre le rôle des échanges dans la définition d’un problème public puis sa mise à l’agenda dans l’ensemble des villes européennes au cours des années 1970. Le traitement des problèmes pousse les élus et les agents administratifs à s’investir dans les échanges transnationaux pour construire une nouvelle compétence municipale fondée sur les expertises associatives. Cet investissement des municipalités caractérise la deuxième période, dans laquelle les municipalités s’affirment dans la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques du vélo en institutionnalisant des réseaux de collectivités au cours des années 1980-1990. Enfin, une troisième période s’engage à partir des années 2000 avec l’arrivée des entreprises du mobilier urbain et de l’affichage publicitaire dans les échanges transnationaux. Cet investissement des entreprises engendre une intense circulation des systèmes de vélos en libre service et confronte les élus urbains à l’exercice d’une régulation des relations avec ces grandes firmes, autant dans les interactions transnationales que dans celles qui se déroulent sur les territoires pour la gestion des services urbains. Ces réseaux transnationaux du vélo sont un moyen d’organiser les pouvoirs locaux et de légitimer les élus municipaux dans la conduite de l’action publique urbaine
Today, development of urban cycling is a must for politicians, particularly considering injunctions in favor of sustainable development. In the 2000s, bike sharing systems emerged in most European cities. If development was guided by ecological considerations, more generally, these services add value to political and institutional innovation and to the economic vitality of cities. Bike sharing systems were imposed thanks to transnational networks around the theme of the bike. These networks invite us to consider transnational exchanges as vectors of change in urban policies. The development of cycling has a history which is the result of many interactions between cities since the 1970s. The analysis of the creation and the effects of bicycle transnational networks allows us to define time periods and patterns in the evolutions that affect both urban cycling policies and organization of urban political power. A first period, structured by transnational activity of urban cyclist associations, helps us to understand the role of these interactions in the definition of a public issue, and of the inclusion of these questions in the agenda of many European cities during the 1970s. Problem solving encourages decision makers to engage in transnational exchanges to build a new municipal jurisdiction based on associative expertise. This municipal investment characterizes the second period, in which municipalities intensify the implementation of cyclist public policies by institutionalizing city networks in the years 1980-1990. Finally, a third period begins in the 2000s, with the appearance of companies in the area of urban furniture and outdoor advertising in transnational exchanges. These firms generate a heavy circulation of bike sharing systems, and pose the question for decision makers how to manage their relationships with these large companies, both on a transnational level and as far as the management of urban services is concerned. These bicycle transnational networks are a way to organize local authorities and to legitimate decision makers in the management of urban public policies

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カヴァデール・ジョーンズ, トリシア, and Tricia COVERDALE-JONES. "International Approaches to Transnational Higher Education (TNHE)." 名古屋大学高等研究教育センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16412.

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Eagle, Simon. "Approaches to globalisation : a critical evaluation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245735.

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HAMEZ, Grégory. "Du transfrontalier au transnational : Approche géographique. L'exemple de la frontière franco-belge." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007191.

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Comment évoluent les frontières intérieures de l'Union européenne dans le contexte d'une intégration européenne toujours croissante ? Cette recherche porte sur la nature spatiale des frontières, au moment où celle-ci se transforme tant en termes de discontinuité que d'effet de barrière. Le terrain d'étude est la frontière franco-belge, du littoral jusqu'à Lille. L'évolution des relations frontalières spontanées entre populations repose en grande partie sur l'analyse de la nuptialité mixte depuis les dernières décennies, à l'échelle locale et à l'échelle nationale. Il en ressort une diffusion de la fréquentation des Belges et des Français dans l'ensemble du territoire national, mais peu de changement dans la zone frontalière. En d'autres termes, les effets de la frontière se diffusent à l'échelle nationale. Et paradoxalement, il y a moins de relations de proximité entre Flamands de France et de Belgique, ce qui s'explique notamment par la divergence linguistique croissante entre les deux côtés de la ligne. Les transformations qui affectent les frontières sont également institutionnelles, avec le redéploiement des douaniers et la mise en place des coopérations transfrontalière et transnationale. Ces transformations traduisent elles aussi un changement d'échelle : c'est de plus en plus l'échelle transnationale voire européenne qui se révèle être la plus pertinente pour comprendre et gérer ce qui se passe aux frontières.

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Hamez, Grégory. "Du transfrontalier au transnational : approche géographique : l'exemple de la frontière franco-belge." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010552.

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Les frontières intérieures de l'Union européenne connaissent de profondes transformations dans leurs fonctions, depuis les dernières décennies. Cette recherche porte sur leur nature spatiale dans un contexte de changement. Le terrain d'étude est la frontière franco-belge, du littoral jusqu'à Lille. Par l'étude de multiples indicateurs, nous montrons que la frontière devient plus perméable à l'échelle nationale voire européenne, mais que les changements sont limités dans la zone frontalière. Ainsi la nuptialité franco-belge se diffuse dans les régions éloignées de la frontière, mais n'augmente pas à proximité. Des divergences sont en outre perceptibles entre le tronçon franco-wallon et le tronçon franco-flamand, ce dernier étant de plus en plus imperméable. La redéfinition institutionnelle des frontières (redéploiement des douaniers, coopération transfrontalière et transnationale avec Interreg) traduit également ce changement d'échelle.

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Shephard, Nicole. "Beyond transnationality : a queer intersectional approach to transnational subjects." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3227/.

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This thesis conceptually explores the becoming of transnational subjects. Critical interventions into disciplinary modes of knowledge production on such subjects have long problematised uni-dimensional, essentialist and identitarian approaches, but have had a limited impact on the mainstream(s) they address. In a postdisciplinary move, this thesis reads the literatures on transnational social spaces in migration studies, poststructuralist and new materialist insights on subject formation, intersectional approaches in gender studies and queer theory through one another to propose a queer intersectional approach to transnational subjects. Shifting the focus to the spaces transnationality takes place in rather than normatively defined ethnic and national communities, and interrogating intersectionality’s tendency to mark out particularly gendered and racialised bodies for intersectional analysis allows for exploring heterogeneity and multiplicity within transnational spaces. The queering of intersectionality disrupts the reliance on binary variables of much transnational migration research, towards a situated analysis of the becoming of subjects in and through the transnational space. In doing so, it not only complicates the here/there binarism transnational studies have relied on, but calls heteronormative assumptions underlying gender and transnational migration research into question, and draws attention to the relationship between transnationality, gender, sexualities and the (non-)normative alignments across those and other axes of difference. In an illustrative case study, this queer intersectional approach to the becoming of transnational subjects is then put into critical dialogue with the British South Asian transnational space through an analysis of scholarly representations of British Asians, the Channel 4 dramas Britz and Second Generation, and a Tumblr blog.

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Nieminen, Linda. "Transnational lists : An opportunity for the future?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162521.

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In the tumultuous political climate following Brexit, a new energy has been given to the idea of establishing transnational lists for the European elections. With the ever-increasing need for democratic legitimacy on the EU stage, the system of transnational lists is viewed by many as a salvation to the problem with democratic deficit within the European Union. The idea of transnational lists was voted in the European Parliament during the plenary session in Strasbourg on February 2018 but rejected after a debate on a clearly divided issue. By analysing the debate from 2018, this study aims to investigate what are the conditions, found in the debate, that could make transnational lists in the European Parliament possible. When analysing the debate from 2018, five significant conditions for transnational lists were identified. These conditions were democracy, question of federal states, the aspect of spitzenkandidaten, solidarity and the size of Member States. Interestingly, the conditions were observed to be both obstacles and possibilities for transnational lists. Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between the above-named conditions and the failure of the proposition for transnational lists, alternatively, to a future breakthrough.

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Hanssen, Christina Wår. "Representations of Scale : Influencing EU policy through transnational networks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for historie og klassiske fag, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21481.

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All Norwegian regions are represented with permanent offices and are engaged in different activities in the EU capital. This thesis investigates the regional and network level of EU policy-making, and asks the questions of what Norwegian regions are doing in Brussels; if are they are able to influence EU policy; and what effect participation in transnational policy networks have on their abilities to influence EU policy. To answer this, it applies a theoretical framework comprised of multi-level governance and the policy network approach to conduct an analysis of empirical data collected through interviews with different actors in Brussels. The present thesis argues that participation in transnational policy networks improve Norwegian regions' abilities to influence EU policy through being 'representations of scale'.

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Celestin, Lindsay Marie France Clement. "Formulary approach to the taxation of transnational corporations A realistic alternative?" University of Sydney. Law, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/846.

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The Formulary Approach to the Taxation of Transnational Corporations: A Realistic Alternative? Synopsis The central hypotheses of this thesis are: that global formulary apportionment is the most appropriate method for the taxation of transnational corporations (TNCs) in lieu of the present system commonly referred to as the separate accounting/arm's length method; and that it is essential, in order to implement the proposed global formulary model, to create an international organisation which would fulfil, in the taxation field, a role equivalent to that of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in international trade. The world economy is fast integrating and is increasingly dominated by the activities of transnational enterprises. These activities create a dual tax problem for various revenue authorities seeking to tax gains derived thereon: Firstly, when two or more countries entertain conflicting tax claims on the same base, there arises what is commonly referred to as a double taxation problem. Secondly, an allocation problem arises when different jurisdictions seek to determine the quantum of the gains to be allocated to each jurisdiction for taxation purposes. The traditional regime for solving both the double taxation and the allocation problem is enshrined in a series of bilateral treaties signed between various nations. These are, in general, based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model Treaty.1 It is submitted, in this thesis, that while highly successful in an environment characterised by the coexistence of various national taxation systems, the traditional regime lacks the essential attributes suitable to the emerging 'borderless world'. The central theme of this thesis is the allocation problem. The OECD Model attempts to deal with this issue on a bilateral basis. Currently, the allocation problem is resolved through the application of Articles 7 and 9 of the OECD Model. In both instances the solution is based on the 'separate enterprise' standard, also known as the separate entity theory. This separate accounts/arm's length system was articulated in the 1930s when international trade consisted of flows of raw materials and other natural products as well as flows of finished manufactured goods. Such trade is highly visible and may be adequately valued both at the port of departure or at the port of entry in a country. It follows that within this particular system of international trade the application of the arm's length principle was relatively easy and proved to be extremely important in resolving both the double taxation and apportionment problems. Today, however, the conditions under which international trade is conducted are substantially different from those that prevailed until the 1960s. * Firstly, apart from the significant increase in the volume of traditionally traded goods, trade in services now forms the bulk of international exchanges. In addition, the advent of the information age has dramatically increased the importance of specialised information whose value is notoriously difficult to ascertain for taxation purposes. * Secondly, the globalisation phenomenon which gathered momentum over the last two decades has enabled existing TNCs to extend their global operations and has favoured the emergence of new transnational firms. Thus, intra-firm trade conducted outside market conditions accounts for a substantial part of international trade. * Thirdly, further economic integration has been achieved following the end of the Cold War and the acceleration of the globalisation phenomenon. In this new world economic order only TNCs have the necessary resources to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The very essence of a TNC is 'its ability to achieve higher revenues (or lower costs) from its different subsidiaries as a whole compared to the results that would be achieved under separate management on an arm's length basis.'2 Yet, the prevailing system for the taxation of TNCs overlooks this critical characteristic and is therefore incapable of fully capturing, for taxation purposes, the aggregate gains of TNCs. The potential revenue loss arising from the inability of the present system to account for and to allocate synergy gains is substantial. It follows that the perennial questions of international taxation can no longer be addressed within the constraints of the separate entity theory and a narrow definition of national sovereignty. Indeed, in order to mirror the developments occurring in the economic field, taxation needs to move from a national to an international level. Moreover, a profound reform of the system is imperative in order to avoid harmful tax competition between nations and enhance compliance from TNCs. Such a new international tax system needs to satisfy the test of simplicity, equity, efficiency, and administrative ease. To achieve these objectives international cooperation is essential. The hallmark of international cooperation has been the emergence, after World War II, of a range of international organisations designed to facilitate the achievement of certain goals deemed essential by various nations. The need for an organisation to deal specifically with taxation matters is now overwhelming. Consequently, this thesis recommends the creation of an international organisation to administer the proposed system. The main objective of this international organisation would be to initiate and coordinate the multilateral application of a formulary apportionment system which, it is suggested, would deal in a more realistic way with 'the difficult problems of determining the tax base and allocating it appropriately between jurisdictions'.3 The global formulary apportionment methodology is derived from the unitary entity theory. The unitary theory considers a TNC as a single business which, for convenience, is divided into 'purely formal, separately-incorporated subsidiaries'.4 Under the unitary theory the global income of TNCs needs to be computed, then such income is apportioned between the various component parts of the enterprise by way of a formula which reflects the economic contribution of each part to the derivation of profits. The question that arises is whether the world of international taxation is ready for such a paradigm shift. It is arguable that this shift has already occurred albeit cautiously and in very subtle ways. Thus, the latest of the OECD Guidelines on the transfer pricing question provides that 'MNE [Multinational Enterprise] groups retain the freedom to apply methods not described in this Report to establish prices provided those prices satisfy the arm's length principle in accordance with these Guidelines.'5 Arguably, the globalisation process has created 'the specific situation' allowed for by the OECD. This thesis, therefore, explores the relative obsolescence of the bilateral approach to the taxation of TNCs and then suggests that a multilateral system is better adapted to the emerging globalised economy. The fundamental building blocks of the model proposed in this thesis are the following: * First, the administration and coordination of the proposed system is to be achieved by the creation of a specialised tax organisation, called Intertax, to which member countries would devolve a limited part of their fiscal sovereignty. * Second, in order to enable the centralised calculation of TNC's profits, the proposed system requires the formulation of harmonised methods for the measurement of the global profits of TNCs. Therefore, the efforts of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) to produce international accounting standards and harmonised consolidation rules must be recognised and, if needs be, refined and ultimately implemented. * Third, the major function of Intertax would be to determine the commercial profits of TNCs on a standardised basis and to apportion the latter to relevant countries by way of an appropriate formula/formulas. Once this is achieved, each country would be free, starting from its share of commercial profits, to determine the taxable income in accordance with the particular tax base that it adopts and, ultimately, the tax payable within its jurisdiction. In the proposed system, therefore, a particular country would be able to independently set whatever depreciation schedules or investment tax credits it chooses, and adopt whatever tax accounting rules it deems fit relative to its policy objectives. Moreover, this thesis argues that the global formulary apportionment model it proposes is not dramatically opposed to the arm's length principle. Indeed, it suggests that the constant assumption to the contrary, even with regard to the usual formulary apportionment methodology, is extravagant because both methodologies are based on a common endeavour, that is, to give a substantially correct reflex of a TNC's true profits. It has often been objected that global formulary apportionment is arbitrary and ignores market conditions. This thesis addresses such concerns by rejecting the application of a single all-purpose formula. Rather, it recognises that TNCs operating in different industries require different treatment and, therefore, suggests the adoption of different formulas to satisfy specific industry requirements. For example, the formula applicable to a financial institution would be different to that applicable to the pharmaceutical industry. Each formula needs to be based on the fundamental necessity to capture the functions, taking into consideration assets used, and risks assumed within that industry. In addition, if the need arises, each formula should be able to be fine-tuned to fit specific situations. Moreover, it is also pertinent to note that the OECD already accepts 'the selected application of a formula developed by both tax administrations in cooperation with a specific taxpayer or MNE group...such as it might be used in a mutual agreement procedure, advance transfer pricing agreement, or other bilateral or multilateral determination.'6 The system proposed in this thesis can thus be easily reconciled with the separate accounting/arm's length which the OECD so vehemently advocates. Both models have the same preoccupations so that what is herein proposed may simply be characterised as an institutionalised version of the system advocated by the OECD. Multilateral formulary apportionment addresses both the double taxation and the allocation problems in international taxation. It resolves the apportionment question 'without depending on an extraordinary degree of goodwill or compliance from taxpayers.'7 It is therefore submitted that, if applied on a multilateral basis with a minimum of central coordination, it also seriously addresses the double taxation problem. Indeed, it is a flexible method given that different formulas may be devised to suit the needs of TNCs operating in different sectors. Consequently, formulary apportionment understood in this sense, is a realistic alternative to the limitations of the present system.

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Bardwell-Jones, Celia Tagamolila 1972. "Travel, home and the space between: A feminist pragmatist approach to transnational identities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6130.

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xi, 195 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT B105.T73 B37 2007
This dissertation seeks to recover a notion of agency for those who are caught in the interstices of transnational relationships, which are generally determined by practices of globalization. I examine notions of travel and home as corollary concepts that have been used metaphorically to describe the nature of the multicultural subject. Travel and home both highlight the sense of displacement caused by global capitalist markets as well as the capacity to remake and envision a new community. In this light, travel and home are understood as interpretive processes that guide social transformation in an increasingly multicultural world. I first consider philosophical conceptions of the cosmopolitan self proposed by theorists who work on travel and diaspora. I then use this critical examination as a springboard for thinking about transnational identities, emphasizing themes of home and community as fundamental components for developing a conception of a multicultural self These themes also set the stage for a further consideration of multicultural selves in the context of feminist care ethics and a metaphysics of belonging. In a discussion of feminist care ethics, I examine care by highlighting the transnational relationships that connect one's concrete caring practice to a global context. In order to articulate a metaphysics of belonging. I turn to the work of Josiah Royce and his notion of the "betweenness" relation as it emerges in his theories of provincialism, loyalty and community. This relation becomes the framework for a new understanding of multicultural selves in a transnational context. In extending this analysis to the political context. I consider how a "betweenness" framework emerges through corollary processes of "world-traveling" conceived by María Lugones and "home-making" as theorized by Yen Li Espiritu in establishing transnational feminist communities. I end this dissertation by pointing out new directions in conceiving how a transnational framework might address the political challenges posed by indigenous claims to sovereignty against Asian American practices of settlement. Ultimately, I intend to show how a transnational framework can be a fruitful resource in conceptualizing the multicultural self who can respond to colonialism and oppression in an increasingly globalized world.
Adviser: Scott Pratt

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Ezzairi, Abderrahmane. "Approche ethnographique de la réception directe par satellite des télévisions transnationales en milieu familial marocain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0015/NQ54396.pdf.

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Célestin, Lindsay C. "The formulary approach to the taxation of transnational corporations a realistic alternative? /." Connect to full text, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/846.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.
Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2000. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

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Bardwell-Jones, Celia Tagamolila. "Travel, home and the space between : a feminist pragmatist approach to transnational identities /." view abstract or download file of text Connect to online version of this title in UO's Scholars' Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6130.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-195). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Harrigan, Michele K. "Transnational police cooperation in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic : approaches and implications." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3675/.

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Crime in the Caribbean consists of drug and human trafficking, weapons smuggling and terrorism, and is fuelled by this region’s physical location as a gateway to the United States (US). Significant challenges to effective policing are transnational (TN), making the region an ideal testing ground to study transnational police cooperation (TNPC). Current cooperation is seen as reactive and hindered by the Caribbean’s topography, cultures, legal systems, nepotism and territorialism. Using a phenomenological perspective, this qualitative study investigates TNPC in the Caribbean region, focusing on Puerto Rico (PR) and the Dominican Republic (DR), assessing how TNPC works within this region, current structures and operations in the Caribbean. Other researchers such as Malcolm Anderson and Ethan Nadelmann have established the theoretical research base upon which this study is built. However, as empirical research is limited around this particular study, this paper primarily draws upon interviews with law enforcement agents in PR working for the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Program, administered by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. This study investigates stakeholders’ perspectives and the various methods of TNPC with the aim of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of multi-agencies towards a practical model, as embodied by HIDTA. This research is the first of its kind, offering a new direction for theory and research.

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Philip, Françoise. "Mobilités transnationales et multi-territorialisations : les jeunes français expatriés au sein de l’Union européenne : approche socio- anthropologique." Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20036.

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L’Europe est la destination choisie par plus de 50 % des expatriés Français et ce chiffre est en constante augmentation. Cette étude propose un éclairage sur une partie peu connue de cette population, composante néanmoins majeure des flux migratoires transeuropéens : la classe d’âge des 18-30 ans. Ainsi, le droit à la libre circulation au sein de l'Union génère un type particulier de migration: porteuse de droits citoyens, encadrée législativement et encouragée institutionnellement, elle est privilégiée aux niveaux politique, juridique et administratif. Mais cet espace intra-européen multiplie et diversifie également les pratiques spatio-temporelles de ceux qui l’investissent. Le droit à la mobilité intracontinentale offre ainsi des ressources et des opportunités appropriées et mobilisées de façon différenciée selon les trajectoires individuelles. Elles vont constituer un capital de mobilité internationale qui permet d’ouvrir les horizons envisageables, de multiplier les alternatives et les compétences. Et cette mise en perspective des espaces d’acte sur une pluralité d’échelle répond aux exigences de la contemporanéité. Ainsi, dans un contexte de mondialisation où l’Europe s’intègre comme un nouvel « espace des possibles », la mobilité transeuropéenne fonctionne à la fois comme une ressource personnelle et un mécanisme de différenciation des trajectoires
Europe is the destination chosen by more than 50 % of the French expatriates and this figure continues to increase. This study focuses on a poorly known sector of this population, one which, however, comprises a major part of the trans-European migratory exchange: the 18 to 30 year-old group. Indeed, the right of free movement across the Union generates a particular type of migration: bearer of the citizen’s right, legislative management and institutional favour, it is also in a privileged position politically, legally and administratively. But this intra-European area also multiplies and diversifies the spatial-temporal behaviours of those occupying it. Depending on individual goals, the right of intra-continental movement makes resources and a variety of opportunities available. These will become part of an “international mobility fund” that will help broaden horizons and increase personal options and skills. From this perspective, one can act on a wide global scale in response to the requirements of contemporary times. Hence, in a global context where Europe appears as a new “Land of opportunity”, the trans-European movement functions both as a personal resource and as a mechanism to define life paths

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Carrasco, José Ignacio. "Economic integration and ties to origin as determinants of migrant remittances among Senegalese immigrants in Spain: a longitudinal approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115844.

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Background: The increased amount and diversification of migration flows to Europe are shaping new contexts forthe study of determinants of remittance-sending. Senegalese migration in Spain is one important case,because has increased its presence among other groups in the country and has different characteristics(e.g. younger age structure) compared to Senegalese migrants in Europe. This paper addresses aresearch challenge which can be framed in the three following aspects. First, it analyzes the migrant’sremittance behavior of a particular group of migrants in a specific national context. Second, itacknowledges remittances as transnational practices determined by factors related to incorporationinto host society and ties at origin. Thirdly, the paper provides a longitudinal approach which looks atmigration histories and changes in remittance-sending over time. Objective: The main objective of this paper consists on disentangling the way in which migrant’s remittancebehavior is affected by changes, over time, in individual characteristics (e.g. gender, education),economic integration, (e.g. employment status), and their ties at origin (e.g. family reunification).Thus, there are two research questions to be answered, namely: how are the trajectories of migrantremittances deployed since their arrival into Europe? And, how are these trajectories affected byindividual and family characteristics, as well as economic integration over time? Methodology: The paper is based on retrospective data from the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) andthe Migrations Between Senegal and Spain (MESE) projects. The analysis of determinants ofremittance-sending is divided in two parts. First, a multivariate logistic regression which analyzes theodds of sending remittances (or logit) at any year since arrival into Europe is carried out. Secondly,event history analysis is used to explore the risk of initiating remittance-sending for the first time andthe risk of remittance-sending termination, respectively. In particular, a discrete-time logistic model isperformed to analyze these two processes. Results: Results indicate that despite having arrived relatively recently to Europe, lower educationalattainments and less access to the labour market, compared to other important destinations (e.g.France, Italy), the great majority of Senegalese migrants in Spain start sending remittances duringtheir first years of arrival. Once initiated, international money transfers are kept over time, as morethan two thirds of remitters maintain this economic flow over their stay. In this sense, empiricalevidence of this paper confirms remittances as an important aspect in South-North migration flows,both in terms of the proportion of migrants sending remittances and as a sustained transnationaleconomic practice.

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Burkhard, Tanja Jennifer. "Horizons of Home and Hope: A Qualitative Exploration of the Educational Experiences and Identities of Black Transnational Women." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493670254322014.

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Waberi, Abdourahman Ali. "Fragments d'un discours africain : Approches critique et historique des littératures subsahariennes, francophones et transnationales de 1980 à aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2012PA100096.pdf.

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Envisagé à travers le prisme de la double conscience, telle qu’elle a été dévoilée par Paul Gilroy , et inscrit dans la période historique qui correspond au discrédit des Indépendances africaines nominales d’une part et à la fin de la politique migratoire en France d’autre part, ce travail interroge les contextes qui ont enfanté des nouvelles expressions littéraires et artistiques, transnationales et diasporiques, issues des Afriques francophones. Ces dernières se caractérisent par d’incessantes reconfigurations qui bousculent le cadre national en Afrique tout en mettant en crise les notions d’appartenance raciale, sociale et politique associées aux générations précédentes portées par le mouvement de la Négritude et les exigences du nationalisme culturel. Ces nouvelles floraisons littéraires, filmiques et plastiques ne quêtent pas l’authentique. Mieux, elles imaginent les voies du futur en donnant à voir – et à sentir – de nouvelles manières de penser, de dialoguer et de vivre ensemble dans notre monde marqué par les errements du capitalisme hégémonique drapé, en Afrique, sous les masques de l’idéologie du développement avec sa cohorte d’ajustements structurels. Enfin, elles soulèvent des questions fondamentales relatives au devenir des populations dites immigrées en France et en Europe, et œuvrent pour l’avènement de nouvelles perspectives plus égalitaires, solidaires et cosmopolites
This work is examined through the paradigm of the double consciousness, as it was unveiled by Paul Gilroy, and remains inscribed in the historical period synonymous of the discredit of African independences on one hand and at the end of migration policy in France on the other hand. Besides, it explores the contexts that have given birth to new literary and artistic expressions, transnational and diasporic, coming from Francophone Africa. These new literary and artistic expressions are characterized by constant reconfigurations that challenge the national framework in Africa while seriously questioning the notions of racial, social and policy issues taken care of by previous generations in the name of the Negritude and cultural nationalism. These new literary, cinematographic and visual productions are also powerful ways of imagining the future of our world scarred by the vagaries of the late age of capitalism. Finally, they raise fundamental questions concerning the fate of immigrant populations in France and Europe while heralding the advent of new, more egalitarian, inclusive and cosmopolitan ways of living together

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Bosco, Damous Licia. "L'indétermination du droit international dans la régulation des activités économiques des sociétés transnationales : une étude critique selon une approche réaliste." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100048.

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La présente étude vise à comprendre l’affaiblissement des États dans la régulation des activités économiques des sociétés transnationales. Cette étude se base sur la théorie du droit telle qu’élaborée par les réalistes américains et poursuivie par le mouvement des critical legal studies sur l’indétermination du droit. C’est sur cette base théorique qu’est développée une critique interne au droit international privé et public sur sa capacité à promouvoir la régulation des activités économiques des sociétés transnationales, pour ensuite tracer une critique externe au droit international formulée à partir d’autres sciences sociales, et en particulier de l’économie politique, en interaction avec la science juridique, pour expliquer l’indétermination du droit international dans la régulation des activités économiques des sociétés transnationales
The purpose of this thesis is to understand how states have weakened in their approach to regulating the economic activities of transnational corporations. This study is based on the theory of law as set out by American realists and carried out by the critical legal studies movement focused on the indeterminacy of law. This is the theoretical basis on which an internal criticism of private and public international law concerning the states’ ability to promote the regulation of economic activities of transnational corporations is developed. Following that, an external criticism of international law is formulated from the perspective of other social sciences, mainly that of political economy, in interaction with legal science to explain the indeterminacy of international law in regulating the economic activities of transnational corporations

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Messenger, Gregory. "The development of WTO law in light of transnational influences : the merits of a causal approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2b2214c2-6e83-44cd-bc07-bd0bf2999dc8.

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The WTO is one piece in a complex network of international, regional and domestic legal systems and regulatory frameworks. The influences on the development of WTO law extend far beyond its own Members and institutions: domestic legal instruments have provided the inspiration for numerous WTO obligations while the rights and obligations under the covered agreements are frequently incorporated into the legal systems of the Membership. The WTO is home to numerous committees and working groups that also engage with other international bodies and their domestic counterparts. Transnational actors seek to take advantage of these networks, encouraging WTO law to develop in their favour. The interactions involved, however, are highly complex and unpredictable. By drawing on different models of causal explanation, it is possible to offer a perspective on the development of WTO law that accepts its role as part of a larger globalized process. Three different causal influences are identified: instrumental, systemic and constitutive. Together, they offer a prism through which to examine the development of WTO law as it responds to the behaviour of transnational actors, bridging gaps between international relations and law and, it is hoped, offering a convincing explanatory rationale for the way in which WTO law develops.

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Ginzel, Beate. "Bridge the gap!" Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-104429.

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The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International (SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks. Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.

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Avani, Christina. "The power of "the human rights approach to HIV/AIDS" : gender, health and the transnational advocacy networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82652.

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This thesis undertakes an in-depth examination of the power of human rights advocacy in combating women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, the thesis explores the gender discrimination that lies at the core of women's susceptibility to the virus. Culturally-imposed social roles are depicted as the fundamental cause of the violation of women's human rights, including their right to health. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the potential of using a human rights approach to address this issue. It adopts the assumption that "the mobilization of shame" triggered by civil society's actors can alter states' human rights practices. Looking at a specific type of actors, namely the transnational advocacy networks, the thesis concludes that "the human rights approach to HIV/AIDS" can be an efficient and effective strategy to pressurize governments to implement their international human rights obligations.

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Rivat, Emmanuel. "La transnationalisation de la cause antinucléaire en Europe : une approche comparée de la France et des Pays-Bas : (1970-2010)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40005.

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La plupart des travaux portant sur la politique et la contestation de l’énergie nucléaire étudient des enjeux de mobilisations locaux et nationaux. Cette thèse a pour but de montrer que si les théories de la « nouvelle gouvernance » défendent l’hypothèse d’un dépassement de l’État, elles ne permettent pas de suffisamment saisir les dilemmes et les blocages de la transnationalisation de la cause anti-nucléaire. A partir de travaux de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux, des réseaux et de la sociologie politique, cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre la genèse et les modalités de la coopération et de la concurrence des Verts européens, des ONG environnementales telles que Greenpeace et Les Amis de la Terre, et des groupes locaux et nationaux. De la première conférence internationale des Nations Unies sur l'environnement de Stockholm en 1972 à la conférence sur le changement climatique de Copenhague en 2009, cette thèse étudie pourquoi et comment les militants se saisissent d’opportunités politiques internationales ou européennes. Elle explicite deux dilemmes de la coopération transnationale, à savoir la diversité des contraintes nationales des champs politiques et le degré d’institutionnalisation des groupes de contestation. Elle analyse enfin comment les militants établissent les règles de fonctionnement d’un capital social transnational comme « bien collectif » qui facilite la production, la circulation et la réception de différents types de ressources et de compétences sociales pour les militants. Loin de céder aux sirènes de l’avènement d’une « société civile transnationale », ce travail insiste sur la grande hétérogénéité pdes militants, profondément ancrés dans des champs politiques nationaux. Cette situation explique que l’activisme transnational en Europe demeure provisoire et discontinu
Most of the work about the politics and contention of nuclear energy deal with local and national issues. This thesis aims to show that « new governance » theories, speaking about the decline of the state, cannot capture properly enough the various dilemmas and conflicts that prevent the rise and dynamic of the transnationalisation of the antinuclear cause. Based on social movement sociology, network sociology and political sociology, this work studies the incremental cooperation between green political parties, environmental NGO’s such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, and last but not the least, local and national protest groups from the beginning of the 1970’s to the end of the 2000’s. From the first United Nation International Conference on the Environment of Stockholm in 1972 to the International Conference on Climate Change of Copenhagen in 2009, this thesis show why and how transnational activists perceive and size political international and European opportunities. It shows as well how activists face two kinds of dilemmas that prevent further transnational cooperation: the widediversity of constraints of political fields and the degree of institutionalization of antinuclear groups. It focuses on how antinuclear activists become able to build up rules of transnational social capital, understood as a “collective good” that may well facilitate the production, circulation and reception of different types of social resources and competences for activists. Far from turning a blind eye on the contradictions of what could be seen as a « transnational civil society », this work emphasizes the heterogeneity of activists, who remain deeply rooted into national political fields. This situation explains why transnational activism in Europe is still temporary and discontinuous

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Lebon, Lydia. "La territorialité et l’Union européenne : approches de droit public." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40016.

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La confrontation de la territorialité à l’Union européenne constitue une analyse originale, dans la mesure où la territorialité est traditionnellement exclusivement associée à l’Etat et à la souveraineté. La territorialité se caractérise par une polysémie, véritable « pêché originel » du concept. Elle peut cependant être utilisée à profit, afin de dégager toutes les virtualités de la confrontation entre un système politique en construction et un principe rattaché à l’Etat. En se fondant sur les mutations qui affectent ce dernier, et dans un contexte propice à la globalisation et à l’internationalisation des relations, l’analyse qui se dégage prima facie de cette confrontation tend à démontrer une perte de pertinence de la territorialité au sein de l’Union. Celle-ci s’est en effet construite sur un certain effacement des frontières et la constitution de territoires propres. L’affaiblissement du principe sera ainsi effectivement vérifié. Etudiée sous l’angle des matières publiques, l’étude apporte toutefois une approche transversale nouvelle de la problématique. La mise en contact des systèmes juridiques nationaux engendre des situations transnationales et nécessite l’élaboration de techniques juridiques qui bouleversent les cadres conceptuels nationaux. En outre, l’Union européenne ne constitue pas une entité abstraite, désincarnée ; elle est la créature de ses Etats membres. Elle est donc, dans une certaine mesure, structurée par la territorialité des Etats qui répercutent sur elle, leurs spécificités. Par conséquent, loin de s’inscrire dans des relations simplistes, la confrontation de la territorialité à l’Union européenne aboutit davantage à la démonstration d’une relation dialectique
Juxtaposing the concept of “territoriality” and the European Union is a rather original analysis in so far as territoriality is traditionally associated with the State and with sovereignty. The term "territoriality" in itself, despite its "original sin", that is to say its polysemous feature, can be used favourably to reveal the potential of comparing a political system in the making with a State-related principle. Given the changes that the State is undergoing and the development of globalisation and the internationalization of relations, the comparison between “territoriality” and the EU would indicate, at first sight, that the former loses its relevance within the Union. The EU was indeed built upon the removal of borders and the creation of a “unified” territory. The weakening of territoriality is examined in this study which also offers an original, cross-cutting approach to the topic from a public law perspective. The divergence between the legal systems of each nation results in transnational situations and requires new legal approaches which profoundly alter national frameworks. However, the European Union is not an abstract or unreal entity; it is the product of its Member States, based upon the territoriality of these States, which, to a certain extent, bring their own specificities. Consequently, comparing territoriality and the European Union is more complex than a simplistic understanding of the two concepts may imply and leads more to a demonstration of dialectic tension

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Wong, Pei Nee. "A mixed methods approach for assessing student and staff perceptions and experiences of a new collaborative transnational pharmacy programme." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99907/.

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This doctoral thesis reports on a longitudinal, mixed methods investigation of staff and students’ views, expectations, and experiences of a collaborative pharmacy programme between Cardiff University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CU) and Taylor’s University School of Pharmacy (TU). Despite a growing body of empirical research on transnational staff and students’ expectations and experiences, longitudinal mixed methods studies are rare. This study combined a qualitative interview-based and focus group approach with a quantitative questionnaire-based method. The overall aim is to gain a better understanding of the teaching and learning experiences of staff and students in a transnational education (TNE) programme. The qualitative element explored staff expectations and experiences in the early stage of the collaborative programme while student expectations and experiences were investigated at different points in time throughout their 4-year pharmacy study. The quantitative element investigated and compared the learning environment perceived by participating students in TU and CU. Data collection took place over a period of 36 months and comprised four phases. In Phase 1, staff and students’ initial expectations and experiences of a new collaborative pharmacy programme were explored using staff interviews and student focus groups. In Phase 2, a sample of students from CU and TU were recruited to participate in a questionnaire study to assess students’ perceived learning environment. In Phase 3, a number of studies were carried out using focus groups in order to find out students’ pre-arrival expectations and post-arrival experiences. Phase 4 involved a self-administered questionnaire with graduate students to assess students’ opinions about their overall experiences at the universities. The study revealed staff and students' expectations and their actual experiences in relation to the delivery of a transnational education. It was found that those students who participated were able to cope with sociocultural adjustment in a new learning environment. The study also provided indications of the need for training and professional development for staff to teach in a transnational environment. Finally, Malaysian students who come from a teachercentred pedagogy background should be informed and trained earlier before their transfer to lessen the impact brought about by intercultural differences in teaching and learning.

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Obenga, Peter. "Transnationalism, an idea of human rights approach to violence against vulnerable groups (case study LGBT communities in Uganda)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22251.

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This paper investigates the development of transnational human rights activists’ networks and how they operate and influence LGBTI human rights activist networks in Uganda against violence on the Ugandan LGBTI communities. The case study, employs semi structured interviews to investigate, how transnational networks are used as a mobilization too in promoting LGBTI human rights in Uganda. Further investigation is done on how transnational networks influence different social networks within local LGBTI activist groups when dealing with violence against the LGBTI communities. The study is taken from a view point of different local LGBTI activist groups and their close link with other international organizations and human rights bodies specifically from countries such as Sweden. Theories surrounding transnational networks and social networks are used in order to frame both cross border relations and local networks among the LGBTI groups. The study also calls for further research on other actors such as transnational migrants and individual activist including social media activist and their impact on the rights of LGBTI in Uganda.

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Schetrit, Olivier. "La culture sourde : approche filmique de la création artistique et des enjeux identitaires des sourds en France et dans les réseaux transnationaux." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0732.

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C'est Ferdinand Berthier (1803-1886), sourd très réputé au 19 ème siècle, qui, lors d'un banquet à Paris où il avait invité des sourds étrangers, annonça que la communication était possible gräce à la grammaire universelle de la langue des signes. Cette idée d'une communication transnationale des sourds ressurgit lors de la création en France d'IVT (International Visual Theatre) en 1976 dont l'un des objectifs était alors de développer l'activité culturelle sourde en échangeant sur le travail, les ateliers de théâtre et d'expression corporelle avec d'autres pays. La notion de communauté sourde semble actuellement connaître un changement d'échelle, les sourds étendant leurs "territoires locaux" (au nioveau d'un groupe, d'une ville) et l'usage d'une langue de signes nationale, à une mise en réseau dans "un territoire mondialisé" où se pratique une langue des signes "internationale"; ce mouvement est favorisé par l'essor des nouveaux moyens de communication via l'internet, grâce aux webcams, messageries et services associés, tels les "centres relais" qui permettent l'intervention à distance d'interprètes filmés. La "mobilité" des personnes sourdes s'accroït dans une proportion qui n'avait encore jamais été observée dans l'histoire. Cette thèse analyse de manière réflexive, un corpus dentretiens avec des sourds en France et dans des festivals internationaux de Sourds filmés par l'auteur, lui-même sourd de naissance et acteur d'IVT. Elle interroge aussi l'oeuvre et la posture de nombreux artistes sourds de divers domaines qi explorent le concept de sourtitude ou surditude (Deaf hood en anglais) dans le sens d'une revendication positive (Deaf gain), où la déficience auditive se trouve valorisée comme source d'autres aptitudes - dont la langue des signes - qui sont partagées par ses acteurs comme une véritable culture en cours de création: les Sourds avec une majuscule désignant selon James Woodward (1978) l'appartenance à une communauté linguistique, sociale et culturelle
Ferdinand Berthier (1803-1886) - a very famous deaf person in the 19th century - announced, during a banquet in Paris where he had invited deaf foreigners, that communication was possible thanks to the universal grammar of sign language. This idea of a transnational communication between deaf people came back when the IVT (International Visual Theatre) was created in france in 1976. One aim of this theatre was to develop deaf cultural activities through exchanges with other countries about work, drama and body language workshops. The notion of "deaf community" now seems to develop on a new scale: deaf people extend their "local territories" (limited to a group or a city) and their use of a national sign language, to enter a network on a "globalized territory" where they use "international" sign language. This process is fostered by the boom of new online communication technologies - such as webcams, emails, and related services like a the center relays which enable distant interpreters to intervene. DEaf people's "mobility" is increasing in proportions which have never been observed before in history. This thesis draw a reflexive analysis of a corpus of interviews with deaf people, in France and in international Deaf festival filmed by the author - himself born deaf and actor at the IVT. It also examines the work and position of numerous deaf artists from various fields. These artists explore the concept of Deaf Hood - understood as a positive revendication, a deaf gain, in which hearing impairment is priced as a soirce of other abilities, such as sign language, which are shared by its actors as an authentic culture in progress. In tinhis we will follow James woodward's (1978)

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Cocq, Celine. "Mutual Trust in Regional and Interregional Cooperation on Counterterrorism: An Analysis of the EU and ASEAN Approaches." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/320804.

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As transnational crime has no regard to borders, competent authorities need to overcome the barriers the barriers of national jurisdictions and cooperate together. The UN and regional organisations, including the EU and ASEAN, have required States to criminalise transnational crime, including terrorism, and to implement effective measures to prevent, investigate, detect, prosecute and punish these offences. They have also required States to cooperate; cooperation being one of the key measures to ensure the effectiveness of States’ action.The regional level is considered to be the most effective to harmonise legislation as well as to adopt and implement mechanisms of cooperation for security purposes. However, the nature and level of cooperation vary a lot depending on the regional framework considered. In the EU, this cooperation has been legally framed and institutionalised as well as associated with harmonisation of Member States’ legislation. By contrast, cooperation remains much more informal in ASEAN and is not associated with harmonization of legislation. Despite its low level of integration, ASEAN plays an increasing role in the region by leading efforts to create a regional legal architecture. ASEAN is the most successful regional grouping in the “developing world” and has a particular approach vis-à-vis terrorism. Both regions have therefore a legitimate ground and purpose in learning from each other (comparative regionalism) and in working together (interregionalism) in order to ensure – up to the capacities of each regions – the best response to terrorism.The differences between the two regions are due to various factors, among which the unalike degree of trust between their respective Member States and their capacity to cooperate. Despite its absence in the constitutional treaties, “mutual trust” is a concept constantly used in the AFSJ, especially when police and judicial cooperation is at stake. Whereas its precise status, nature and consequences is still debated, mutual trust seems to have reached an institutional level and to have been transformed into legal expectations in the EU. By contrast, although trust is repeated in ASEAN declarations and objectives, it is less visible in practice between ASEAN Member States. Mutual trust is a fundamental yardstick in developing cooperation mechanisms. The highest the confidence in each other’s systems is, the more efficient the cooperation. Mutual trust serves to build bridges between national jurisdictions. In the EU, such mutual trust is based on common values and norms and implies the development of common minimum standards in the field including human rights norms. It rests of course also on other factors such as mutual understanding of the threat and each other’s particular legislation.The compared regional analysis will highlight notable discrepancies in each region’s approach. The EU has gone through a tremendous institutional evolution by communitarising the AFSJ. The EU has adopted norms to facilitate cooperation based on common standards and mutual trust. With the numerous types of cooperation mechanisms, the EU adopted a two-fold objective, namely facilitating the cross-border cooperation and harmonising the HR standards. By contrast, ASEAN is still governed by the so-called ‘ASEAN Way’ based on consultation and consensus rather than on bargaining and give-and-take leading to deals enforceable in a court of law; on non-institutionalised processes; and on practice-based rules. These differences involve a clear lack of trust between Member States. This method is slowly and partially shifting towards a more institutional and rules-based approach. This comparative analysis will allow to conclude on the convergences and differences in the conditions and level of trust in each of the two regions in the field of terrorism and on their impact on the level of cooperation.Based on this comparison, interregional challenges and prospects will be focused on. The EU has adopted a comprehensive approach combining human rights and security measures. Preserving such a balance when interacting with external actors is a serious challenge, especially when States tend to privilege security measures. The EU must adapt its objectives, priorities and means to the particularities of ASEAN while respecting its own standards. In this regard, mutual trust is an important factor in developing interregional collaboration. Since 1972, the EU developed economic ties with different ASEAN Member States and with the ASEAN Secretariat itself. Both regions have increasingly engaged in an interregional dialogue on different issues of interest, including terrorism. Here again, the criteria/conditions and the level of mutual trust developed between the two regions will be examined.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Beutel, Mirja [Verfasser]. "Teaching Cosmopolitanism through Transnational Literature in English : An Empirical Evaluation of Studentsʼ Competence Development in a Life-Writing Approach to Teaching Literature / Mirja Beutel." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173661115/34.

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Bossuyt, Fabienne. "The EU's 'transnational power over' Central Asia : Developing and applying a structurally integrative approach to the study of the EU's power over Central Asia." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16302/.

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This thesis challenges the consensual scholarly expectation of low EU impact in Central Asia. In particular, it claims that by focusing predominantly on narrow, micro-level factors, the prevailing theoretical perspectives risk overlooking less obvious aspects of the EU?s power, including structural aspects, and thus tend to underestimate the EU?s leverage in the region. Therefore, the thesis argues that a more structurally integrative and holistic approach is needed to understand the EU?s power in the region. In responding to this need, the thesis introduces a conceptual tool, which it terms „transnational power over? (TNPO). Inspired by debates in IPE, in particular new realist and critical IPE perspectives, and combining these views with insights from neorealist, neo-institutionalist and constructivist approaches to EU external relations, the concept of TNPO is an analytically eclectic notion, which helps to assess the degree to which, in today?s globalised and interdependent world, the EU?s power over third countries derives from its control over a combination of material, institutional and ideational structures, making it difficult for the EU?s partners to resist the EU?s initiatives or to reject its offers. In order to trace and assess the mechanisms of EU impact across these three structures, the thesis constructs a toolbox, which centres on four analytical distinctions: (i) EU-driven versus domestically driven mechanisms, (ii) mechanisms based on rationalist logics of action versus mechanisms following constructivist logics of action, (iii) agent-based versus purely structural mechanisms of TNPO, and (iv) transnational and intergovernmental mechanisms of EU impact. Using qualitative research methodology, the thesis then applies the conceptual model to the case of EU-Central Asia. It finds that the EU?s power over Central Asia effectively derives from its control over a combination of material, institutional and ideational structures, including its position as a leader in trade and investment in the region, its (geo)strategic and security-related capabilities vis-à-vis Central Asia, as well as the relatively dense level of institutionalisation of its relations with the five countries and the positive image of the EU in Central Asia as a more neutral actor.

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Kirim, A. S. "The internationalisation of capital and industrialisation in the Third World : a case study of the Turkish pharamaceutical industry towards appraising the oligopoly approach to transnational corporations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355359.

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Smith, Lois Anne. "Academic work practices in transnational education : a social practice theory approach to understanding the implementation of assessment-related policy in an offshore campus of an Australian university." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524771.

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Nitoiu, Cristian. "The media and democratic legitimacy in EU foreign policy : the role of transnational, British and Romanian media in the EU's approach to climate change and its policy towards Russia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14034.

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The issue of democratic deficit and crisis of legitimacy has been at the forefront of the development of the European project in the last twenty years. However, little attention has been directed towards analysing the way in which democratic legitimacy underlines the construction of the EU s foreign policy. This thesis draws on a broad understanding of democratic legitimacy which is seen to encompass various aspects: transparency, accountability, responsiveness and openness to public debate. It shows that the media had a positive effect (although in contrasting degrees) on the democratic legitimacy of the EU s foreign policy in two issue areas, highlighting the ways in which it achieved this. Drawing on insights from political theory, it argues that the European public sphere has the potential to foster the four characteristics highlighted above through the ability of the media to politicise foreign policy issues, which are commonly closed off from democratic scrutiny. Three types of interaction effects between the media and policymakers within the European public sphere are identified: indexing, bounding and agenda setting. Firstly, indexing captures the ability of policymakers to influence and shape media discourse in order to aid their interests and goals by communicating in a favourable manner their policies to the general public. Secondly, through bounding the media can have a constraining or limiting effect on the range of policies and their effectiveness that policymakers can pursue, even if the latter are not aware of or willing to engage with the frames constructed by journalists. Finally, agenda setting captures the ability of the media to purposively influence decision-making processes through its discourse. Empirically two distinct areas of EU foreign policy are explored: the EU s approach to global climate change and its policy towards Russia. Hence, the study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of EU foreign policy and to its international actorness. Secondly, it extends in a comprehensive manner the debate regarding the crisis of legitimacy and democratic deficit in the EU to the realm of foreign policy. Finally, it also contributes to the literature on Foreign Policy Analysis which engages with the issue of democratic legitimacy.

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Piqueras, Cerdá Clara. ""Abriendo trocha". Migraciones de retorno a Colombia desde España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671292.

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La tesi doctoral analitza els processos de retorn de la població colombiana procedents que s'emprenen des d'Espanya en un context caracteritzat per la crisi econòmica i laboral iniciada el 2008. La noció de retorn és definida aquí des de l'enfocament de la mobilitat transnacional. L'estudi supera la comprensió del fenomen com una anomalia o com una dimensió virtual i simbòlica, i considera que l'activació i desplegament d'estratègies de mobilitat constitueix el nucli central de l'explicació. El retorn d'Espanya a Colòmbia s'entén en aquesta investigació com un procés que comprèn una etapa més de el projecte migratori que no necessàriament implica el final de les pràctiques de mobilitat. A partir d'aquestes consideracions, la tesi aborda les experiències i estratègies de mobilitat desplegades pels subjectes en les diferents fases interconnectades que constitueixen els processos de retorn: la presa de decisió, la preparació de l'acció, i la reincorporació multidimensional en el lloc de origen. Per assolir aquest propòsit, es proposa un marc conceptual construït des de dos propostes analítiques, concebudes de manera complementària. Una primera aproximació parteix d'una mirada multinivell del fenomen, que permet atendre factors multilocalitzats que caracteritzen cada fase dels processos de retorn, sense limitar-se a un únic nivell d'anàlisi. Des d'una segona aproximació, s'estableix una sèrie de categories que expliquen el retorn des dels itineraris migratoris, i a partir de les estratègies de mobilitat, enteses com la mobilització de capitals de les persones migrants. La investigació es desenvolupa a partir d'un disseny metodològic qualitatiu de caràcter multisituat, conduït a través d'entrevistes semi-estructurades realitzades en diverses localitats d'Espanya (Madrid, Barcelona i València) i Colòmbia (Bogotà, Medellín, Cali i Pereira) en el període 2016-2018. El treball de camp està organitzat en tres etapes no seqüencials, a partir de les quals s'observen tres moments diferents del procés de retorn: (a) fase pre-retorn (persones a Espanya amb intencionalitat de retornar); (b) fase-post-retorn (persones retornades a Colòmbia); (c) fase mobilitat post-retorn (persones que han re-emigrat a Espanya després de la tornada, o que protagonitzen dinàmiques de circularitat entre Colòmbia i Espanya).
La tesis doctoral analiza los procesos de retorno de la población colombiana procedentes de España en un contexto caracterizado por la crisis económica y laboral iniciada en 2008. La noción de retorno es definida aquí desde el enfoque de la movilidad transnacional. El estudio supera la comprensión del fenómeno como una anomalía o como una dimensión virtual y simbólica, y considera que la activación y despliegue de estrategias de movilidad constituye el núcleo central de la explicación. El retorno de España a Colombia es entendido en esta investigación como un proceso que comprende una etapa más del proyecto migratorio, que no necesariamente implica el final de las prácticas de movilidad. A partir de estas consideraciones, la tesis aborda las experiencias y estrategias de movilidad desplegadas por los sujetos en las diferentes fases interconectadas que constituyen los procesos de retorno: la toma de decisión, la preparación de la acción, y la reincorporación multidimensional en el lugar de origen. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se propone un marco conceptual construido desde dos propuestas analíticas, concebidas de manera complementaria. Una primera aproximación parte de una mirada multinivel del fenómeno, que permite considerar los distintos factores multilocalizados que caracterizan cada fase de los procesos de retorno, sin limitarse a un único nivel de análisis. Desde una segunda aproximación, se establece una serie de categorías que explican el retorno desde los iternarios migratorios y a partir de las estrategias de movilidad, entendidas como la movilización de capitales de las personas migrantes. La investigación se desarrolla a partir de un diseño metodológico cualitativo de carácter multisituado, conducido por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en diversas localidades de España (Madrid, Barcelona y Valencia) y Colombia (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Pereira) en el periodo 2016-2018. El trabajo de campo está organizado en tres etapas no secuenciales, a partir de las cuales se observan tres momentos diferentes del proceso de retorno: (a) fase pre-retorno (personas en España con intencionalidad de retornar); (b) fase-post-retorno (personas retornadas a Colombia); (c) fase movilidad post-retorno (personas que han remigrado a España nuevamente tras el retorno, o que protagonizan dinámicas de circularidad entre Colombia y España).
The doctoral thesis analyzes the return migration processes of the Colombian population that are undertaken from Spain, in a context characterized by the economic and labor crisis that began in 2008. The notion of return is defined from the perspective of transnational mobility. Thus, this study goes beyond the understanding of such phenomenon as an anomaly or as a virtual and symbolic dimension, and considers that its underlying core explanation lays in the activation and deployment of mobility strategies. This research understands return from Spain to Colombia as a process that comprises an additional stage in the migratory project, hence it does not necessarily imply the end of mobility practices. Based on these considerations, the thesis addresses the experiences and mobility strategies deployed by the subjects in the different interconnected phases that constitute the return processes: decision-making, action preparation, and multidimensional reincorporation in the place of origin. To achieve this goal the thesis proposes a conceptual framework built on two analytical perspectives, conceived in a complementary way. First, a multilevel gaze of the phenomenon, which allows addressing the multi-sited factors that characterize each phase of the return processes, without being limited to only one level of analysis. Return processes are explained by defining a set of categories that allow to capture migration pathways, and mobility strategies, understood as the mobilization of capital from the migrants. The research is developed from a qualitative multi-sited methodological design. It was conducted through semi-structured interviews performed in various locations in Spain (Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia) and Colombia (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Pereira) in the period 2016-2018. The fieldwork is organized in three non-sequential stages, from which three different moments of the return process are observed: (a) pre-return phase (people in Spain with the intention of returning); (b) post-return phase (persons returned to Colombia); (c) post-return mobility phase (people who have remigrated to Spain again after returning, or who are involved in circularity dynamics between Colombia and Spain).

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Kesa, Katerina. "Pays récepteurs d’assistance étrangère et pays donneurs : la place et le rôle des États baltes entre pays nordiques et États postsoviétiques au prisme de l’action de parrainage (1985-2013)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0007/document.

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Cette thèse a pour ambition d’analyser un aspect encore mal connu de la transition postsoviétique des États baltes : l’évolution d’une politique étrangère placée entre récepteurs et donneurs d’assistance étrangère au prisme de l’action de parrainage transnational. Nous observons, dans une approche constructiviste, la transformation et la redéfinition des concepts d’identité politique et de solidarité face à l’Autre et le regard que ce dernier porte sur Soi. Malgré l’évolution de cette identité, des continuités persistent : Le rapprochement opéré avec l’Europe de l’Est depuis une dizaine d’années est non seulement l’une de priorités politiques des États baltes, il s’inscrit parallèlement dans leur désir d’aspirer à devenir de « vrais » Européens et d’être perçus comme tels. Cette thèse met en lumière deux dimensions de cette solidarité : la solidarité politique d’une part, la mise en pratique de celle-ci par l’assistance technique, d’autre part. Il s’agit d’abord de comprendre les différentes logiques dans lesquelles s’inscrit la solidarité balte et d’identifier ses acteurs et réseaux. Dans une démarche interdisciplinaire qui croise notamment les mécanismes de Policy Transfer Studies et l’approche historique et comparative, cette thèse s’attache ensuite à mieux définir les processus et les modes de mise en œuvre, ainsi que le rôle des acteurs « émetteurs » (les experts) et leur interaction avec leur partenaires. Elle arrive à la conclusion que les Baltes diffusent et partagent avec les pays du voisinage oriental de l’UE principalement l’expérience qu’ils ont acquise, s’inspirant logiquement de l’action nordique de parrainage dont ils ont bénéficié au cours des années 1990
This doctoral thesis aims to analyse one of the less known aspects of Baltic transition: the evolution of their foreign policy between receptors and donors of foreign assistance through transnational patronage (1985-2013). In line with the constructivist school of thought, we observe how the concept of political identity and solidarity changes, redefines itself towards the Other and the perception that the latter has on the Self. Notwithstanding the changes in this identity, some continuities seem to persist: The rapprochment with Eastern Europe over the past ten years could viewed as one of the priorities of the Baltic States but it also stems from the desire of these States to become and to be considered as “fully” European. This thesis sheds some light over the two dimensions of this solidarity: the political solidarity and support on the one hand, and its implementation through technical assistance to reforms and trainings of Georgian, Ukrainian and Moldovan elites, on the other hand. In order to better observe how the solidarity is expressed, this study attempts to understand the different logics of the Baltics solidarity, to identify different actors and networks involved. In an interdisciplinary approach intersecting the mechanisms of PTS and the historical and comparative approach, this study takes then focuses on the processes and methods of the implementation, the role of the actors “donors” and their interaction with their partners. It concludes that Baltic States diffuse and share with the Eastern neighbours of EU mostly their own experience inspired from the Nordic States’ patronage action towards the Baltics during the 1990

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Chabikwa, Rodney Tawanda Chabikwa. "Gestures from the Deathzone: Creative Practice, Embodied Ontologies, and Cosmocentric Approaches to Africana Identities." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543531419849315.

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Arreghini, Louis. "Formes et acteurs du changement territorial dans les périphéries du monde : dynamiques urbaines et mutations rurales en Bolivie." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647076.

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Dans un monde globalisé, les territoires de la périphérie du monde entrent dans un processus de changement continuel sous les contraintes de multiples acteurs, transnationaux, étatiques et locaux. Cette thèse s'est fixée comme objectif de révéler la spatialité de ces changements ainsi que les jeux d'acteurs qui y contribuent dans le cas de la Bolivie. Les hypothèses, qui postulent un irréversible processus d'autonomisation des territoires, ont résisté à l'épreuve des faits : les bouleversements politiques et sociaux intervenus pendant la période de la réalisation de ce projet. La thèse présente d'abord un positionnement épistémologique qui propose d'articuler l'espace et ses acteurs dans une perspective modélisatrice. Elle expose ensuite un cadre systémique de mise en cohérence des éléments de structuration et de changement territorial qui place, au centre, un système idéel construit à partir des signaux échangés par les acteurs afin de maîtriser ce changement territorial : signaux de domination, de pression ou de séduction engendrant des relations d'exploitation, de conflits ou de coopération. Ce système idéel est relié à des sous-systèmes matérialisés (organisation politico-administrative, système de villes et espaces de l'économie) qui subissent l'impact des changements étudiés. En effet, les politiques territoriales sont les rétroactions d'un tel système. Le traitement de chaque sous-système matérialisé correspond à un changement d'échelle géographique. Les modèles spatiaux à base de chronochorèmes complètent l'étude dynamique du changement. Ces choix méthodologiques permettent une lecture géographique des résultats suivants : - L'efficacité des mouvements sociaux réside moins dans la matrice sectorielle et professionnelle que dans leur assise territoriale .-L'État concentre ses réformes sur le sous-système matérialisé de l'organisation politico-administrative car il semble n'avoir prise ni sur le système des villes, ni sur les espaces et territoires de l'économie. Il n'est jamais parvenu jusqu'à présent à un accord qui lui aurait permis d'équilibrer dépenses sociales et investissements productifs. Un consensus social devra également être trouvé pour rendre viable un État plurinational. L'État concentre sur lui la majorité des signaux et établit ses politiques territoriales en fonction de leur pression. - La toute puissance technologique et financière des acteurs transnationaux se heurtent à l'efficacité des mouvements sociaux. Toutefois, ces acteurs restent à terme des pièces importantes d'un jeu où , pourvoyeurs d'activité et d'emplois, ils continueront à produire de l'espace et à consommer des territoires

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Jacob, Abad Karen Lesley. "A Transcultural Approach to EIL in Secondary Education: A Case Study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127229.

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Aquesta tesi mostra la importància de l’Anglès com a Llengua Internacional i el seu ús com a forma de comunicació que suposa un corrent i una mescla multidireccional entre els parlants. Això ha portat els investigadors a utilitzar els termes “translingual” i “transcultural” per a referir-se a les competències requerides per tal que els parlants d’anglès com a llengua internacional puguin desenvolupar-se a nivell global, especialment quan l’anglès és utilitzat per individus no nadius. Un enfocament transcultural a l’ensenyament de l’anglès com a llengua estrangera es va implementar a tres grups d’alumnes de secundària de Mallorca (Espanya) i Opole (Polònia) durant el curs 2010-2011. El projecte de blog “EIL in Poland and Spain” va ser dut a terme per als fins específics de l’estudi. Es va realitzar un anàlisi qualitatiu i quantitatiu de les dades per tal de respondre a la principal pregunta d’investigació: com una metodologia transcultural a l’ensenyament de l’anglès com a llengua estrangera fomenta la competència transcultural? Els resultats van mostrar que aquest enfocament innovador a l’ensenyament de l’anglès com a llengua estrangera representà una experiència positiva per als participants i que va ser especialment efectiva com a manera de desenvolupar una identitat transnacional i una competència transcultural.
This thesis highlights the prominence of English as an International Language (EIL) and stresses its use as a form of communication that implies a multi-directionality of flow and mixing between speakers. This has led scholars to use the terms “translingual” and “transcultural” to refer to the competences required by EIL speakers to function at a global level, especially when English is employed by non-natives. A transcultural approach to the teaching of English as a foreign language to three groups of secondary school students in Mallorca, Spain and Opole, Poland was implemented during the school year 2010-2011. The “EIL in Poland and Spain” blog project was set up specifically for the research. A quantitative and qualitative data analysis was performed in order to answer the principal research question: How, if at all, does a transcultural approach to ELT foster transcultural competence? The results showed that this innovative approach to ELT was a positive experience for the participants and was especially effective as a means of developing a transnational identity and transcultural competence.
Esta tesis subraya la importancia del Inglés como Lengua Internacional y su uso como una forma de comunicación que supone una corriente y una mezcla multidireccional entre hablantes. Esto ha llevado a los investigadores a usar los términos “translingual” y “transcultural” para referirse a las competencias requeridas para que los hablantes de inglés como lengua internacional puedan desenvolverse a nivel global, especialmente cuando el inglés es usado por individuos no nativos. Un enfoque transcultural a la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera se implementó en tres grupos de alumnos de secundaria de Mallorca (España) y Opole (Polonia) durante el curso 2010-2011. El proyecto de blog “EIL in Poland and Spain” fue llevado a cabo para los fines específicos del estudio. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los datos para responder a la principal pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo una metodología transcultural a la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera fomenta la competencia transcultural? Los resultados mostraron que este enfoque innovador a la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera representó una experiencia positiva para los participantes y que fue especialmente efectiva como una manera de desarrollar una identidad transnacional y una competencia transcultural.

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Bolduc, Brandon. "Montréal parmi les grands de l’organisation C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group : analyse du processus de mise à l’agenda décisionnel de son adhésion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39852.

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Confrontées à l’inaction des États et à la sévérité de la crise environnementale, plusieurs grandes villes choisissent non seulement d’agir localement, mais aussi sur la scène internationale dans le but de trouver des solutions et s’adapter au défi climatique. Longtemps considérées comme étant nuisibles à l’environnement de par leur consommation de diverses ressources, les autorités locales constituent aussi des acteurs stratégiques dans la lutte aux changements climatiques, puisqu’elles exercent une influence considérable sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Afin d’avoir un effet agrégé à l’échelle mondiale, plusieurs métropoles participent au sein d’organisations transnationales municipales. C’est d’ailleurs le cas de la Ville de Montréal qui après avoir soumis une demande officielle d’adhésion en novembre 2015, est devenu membre du réseau C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) à la fin de 2016. Ce dernier regroupe plus 90 métropoles et cherche notamment à adopter un plan d’action commun pour répondre au réchauffement planétaire. Compte tenu du fait qu’il existe une variation importante au niveau de la participation des villes à l’international, que les facteurs plutôt objectifs, tels que la vulnérabilité, les capacités et la connectivité d’une ville ne semblent pas justifier cette différenciation, nous proposons d’étudier l’influence du maire dans la mise à l’agenda d’une telle option. Plus spécifiquement, cette recherche vise à répondre à la question suivante: comment le maire de Montréal, Denis Coderre, a-t-il influencé le processus de mise à l’agenda décisionnel de l’adhésion de sa ville à l’organisation C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group en 2015? Pour répondre à cette question, nous adoptons l’approche théorique de l’agenda setting proposée par John W. Kingdon dans son livre intitulé Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies (2003). Ce travail séminal en politique publique permet de poser comme hypothèse de travail que Denis Coderre a agi comme un entrepreneur politique. Grâce aux données collectées, par l’entremise d’entrevues et d’analyse de divers types de contenus, ce projet vise à apporter une contribution à la fois empirique et théorique à la littérature sur les politiques publiques, les études urbaines et les relations internationales.

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Ciobanu, Ruxandra Oana. "A Stage Approach to Transnational Migration. Migrant Narratives from Rural Romania." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201007306415.

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If one takes a snapshot of Romanian migration, the first observation might be that the home villages or communities are very different. This is also the conclusion that Massey et al. (1994) first reach when comparing Mexican communities. However, if one compares migrant communities in a longitudinal manner, it can be seen rather that they are converging towards similar migration patterns rather than diverging. To explore this, I conducted fieldwork research in two villages from different socio-cultural regions of Romania, and for the second phase of the research followed the migrants to their destinations in Spain. In total I conducted more than 50 biographical narrative interviews with migrants and fifteen in-depth interviews with representatives from local authorities and other key informants on rural Romanian life. The biographical narrative interviews allowed me to take a longitudinal perspective on the migration from the two villages. The aim in comparing the two villages was to understand the internal logic of migration and examine to what extent two different villages showed any syncretism through cumulative structural effects. Analysing migrants’ projects, the family migration and the general migration from the two villages – each accounting for different levels of analysis – allowed me to specify the stages of migration. In the thesis, firstly I explain the socio-economic, cultural and geographical context in the origin community which shapes migration. Secondly, I compare the migration patterns of two families from the two villages, and thirdly I abstract three migration projects specific to the two communities. All these allow me to show that the two villages are at different stages in the migration process (Massey et al. 1994) and also to explain the mechanism of passing from one stage to the next. So far, the literature on migration policies has looked at the receiving countries. Few references are made to the origin countries, and these refer to Mexico, the Philippines and some of the Northern African countries, countries which have an active policy of promoting migration. Literature with regard to the European cases – for example Serbia, which has a Ministry of the Diaspora, or Poland, a country with a very long history emigration – is absent. Moreover, topics such as grounded migration policy making or the local dimension of policy making are still new in the reflexion of scholars. The thesis fills this gap with respect to migration policies of bonding migrants and involving them in development in the home community. The theory that holds together all these components is Luhmann’s systems theory (1995), in the way it was adapted to migration research by Bommes (2005) and Bommes and Tacke (2006a, 2006b). Using systems theory allows me to perform a critique of concepts like migration networks and transnationalism, which are very often used in the analysis of migration.

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Naidoo, Vasanthrie. "Guidelines for the implementation of transnational nursing education : a collective case study approach of institutional perspectives and practices." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2552.

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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Nursing in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.
Background In recent times, the internationalization of nursing education and the collaboration with international academic partners has become a priority of academic institutions’ strategic plans and visions. This coupled with the fact that the world has entered a critical period in terms of addressing health and preparing nurses to address health needs has made this study timeous. In view of these historical challenges, nursing education institutions, nursing colleges and universities with nursing faculties in South Africa have, in recent years, engaged in international partnerships. These collaborative partnerships have influenced the delivery and facilitation of transnational nursing education (TNE) or cross-border nursing programmes, both nationally and internationally. Challenges raised with regards to TNE delivery systems are often related to issues revolving around academic design and implementation. Further issues such as the differences between the host institution’s general goals, the academic programs, student characteristics and social and cultural dimensions as compared to the awarding institution, add to these challenges. Aim The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives and practices and experiences of nursing education institutions, academic leaders and graduates, who were involved in TNE. Based on the findings of this study, the ultimate aim was to develop guidelines for the implementation of TNE in NEIs. Methodology A qualitative multiple case-study approach was employed to explore institutional perspectives and practices related to TNE. The population comprised nursing education institutions, academic leaders and nursing graduates that were involved in TNE programs. In order to draw comparison between South African TNE practices and perspectives with international best operating practices relating to TNE, other global academic leaders and institutions involved in this type of education were invited to participate in the study. Institutional records were analysed for descriptions and patterns related to conceptual issues, structures and processes that are known to impact either negatively or positively on TNE. Results The study findings revealed that access to ‘importing’ and ‘exporting’ of nursing programs are still faced with many challenges by all stakeholders. It was also revealed that the lack of guidance during TNE ventures allude to cross-border nursing education being a ‘for profit’ arrangement. From the findings the researcher was able to propose and develop guidelines for the implementation of TNE for nursing education institutions, academic leaders and students. It is hoped that these guidelines will be considered as a tool to improve TNE delivery in terms of quality assurance, accreditation, registration, and qualification recognition.
D

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Hedaraly, Saleha. "The Influence of ICC Arbitral Decisions on Canadian Law: Comparative Study between Civil Law and Common Law Jurisdictions." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12719.

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L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer que les décisions arbitrales de la Chambre de commerce internationale peuvent être considérées comme une source potentielle de droit au Canada. Il existe actuellement une incertitude quant au droit matériel utilisé en arbitrage international pour résoudre les différends commerciaux. Bien que l’utilisation de la lex mercatoria pour résoudre un litige soit une option, elle se heurte à de nombreuses incertitudes terminologiques et conceptuelles. L’utilisation d’une approche méthodologique de la lex mercatoria permettrait une classification de ses sources en deux branches: (1) le droit statutaire international et (2) le stare decisis des tribunaux d’arbitrage commercial international. Une telle approche méthodologique conférerait plus de certitude quant à l’application d’un droit uniforme. De plus, elle faciliterait l’étude de l’interlégalité entre les règles de la lex mercatoria et le droit matériel interne. Plus particulièrement, elle permet de comparer les similitudes et les différences des règles du droit matériel entre les décisions arbitrales internationales, le droit statutaire international et les juridictions canadiennes de common law et de droit civil. Cette comparaison rend possible une évaluation de l’influence potentielle des décisions arbitrales de la Chambre de commerce internationale sur le droit matériel canadien et si cette influence est plus importante en droit civil ou en common law.
This paper’s objective is to demonstrate that the International Chamber of Commerce’s arbitral awards may be considered as a potential source of law in Canada. There currently exists an uncertainty as to the substantive law used in international commercial arbitration. While the use of lex mercatoria to solve commercial disputes is often referred to, several terminological and conceptual uncertainties undermine its credibility. The use of a methodological approach to lex mercatoria allows for a twofold classification of its sources through: (1) international legislation and (2) stare decisis from international arbitral tribunals. This methodological approach provides a greater certainty for the application of a uniform law which, in turn, allows for the study of interlegality between rules of lex mercatoria and substantive domestic law. Furthermore, this methodological approach facilitates the demonstration of the similarities and differences between international arbitral decisions, international legislation as well as Canadian common law and civil law jurisdictions. This comparative analysis will allow the study of the potential influence of the arbitral decisions of the International Chamber of Commerce on substantive Canadian law and whether this influence is more important in civil law or common law.

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Simpson, Adam. "Transnational energy projects and green politics in Thailand and Burma : a critical approach to activism and security." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/58974.

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Most studies in environmental politics have traditionally examined three broad areas: the degradation of the environment; the regulatory regimes governing the environment; or environmental activism within the affluent North. This thesis provides an alternative perspective, exploring environmental activism in the less affluent South. In particular, while human rights and social justice perspectives have historically been largely absent from many environmental movements of the North, this thesis argues that, due to precarious living conditions and authoritarian governance, these issues are of primary importance for environmentalists in the South. As a result this thesis contends that most environmental movements in the South are part of a growing global justice movement and that important cultural diversities within this movement can result in novel forms of resistance and environmental governance. The focus here is on the emancipatory actors within these movements in the South who challenge existing power structures within society. Likewise, by adopting a critical perspective, this thesis argues that large business interests pursue energy projects in the South in the name of energy security and large scale industrial development that are often inappropriate for local development and security needs. To test these hypotheses, four case studies were undertaken that examine transnational gas pipeline and large dam projects at various stages of their development which originate in either Burma (Myanmar) or Thailand. Empirical research, primarily in the form of interviews, undertaken in the countries hosting the various energy projects demonstrated that although environmental activists in the South were assisted by transnational activist networks there were also important local factors that impacted on the emancipatory philosophies, strategies and tactics of many activists in this region. These strategies have achieved some success, with environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes in Thailand now providing a potential opening for the political engagement of communities. Nevertheless, this thesis finds that the power of corporate interests in the international political economy often poses insurmountable barriers for activists to achieve both their short and long term aims. The findings suggest that despite the efforts of activists, local indigenous and ethnic minority communities continue to bear the brunt of the social and environmental costs of transnational energy projects in the South while receiving few of the benefits. Rather than safeguarding these communities from deprivation, these projects often exacerbate existing social tensions and conflicts, resulting in increased community insecurity.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1474397
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2009

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Tseng, Yi-Huan, and 曾一桓. "Research On The Transnational Mergers & Acquisitions Of China's State-Owned Enterprises ─ With The State-Centered Approach Analysis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84134353471006944047.

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碩士
國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
96
With nation’s fast growing economy, Chinese Enterprises have been aggressively starting the “transnational Mergers and Acquisitions” activities under the galbalization megatrend over the past years. And those large Chinese state-owned enterprises have been the main role of executing the transnational Mergers and Acquisitions among all Chinese Enterprises. However, Chinese state-owned enterprises always affiliate with the Chinese government. Therefore, the Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational Mergers and Acquisitions activities reveal that the Chinese central government has great influence on those Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational M & As activities. This research accentuates the Chinese central government’s main influence on Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational M & As activities. With the “State-Centered Approach”, This research focuses on analyzing how the Chinese central government use it’s “autonomy” and “capacity” to impel the Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational Mergers and Acquisitions activities. By taking CNPC merged PetroKazakhstan Inc. and Lenovo Co. merged IBM’s PC department as two representive cases, this research also focuses on analyzing the effect on China’s politics and economy that brought by these two cases. In conculsion, the Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational Mergers and Acquisitions activities in recent years were impelled by the Chinese central government, and those Chinese state-owned enterprises’ transnational M & As activities have become the Chinese central government’s important national development strategy. This national development strategy shows the Chinese central government’s main purpose, including increasing national interests, asserting national security and promoting national development.

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Shih, Bing-Jyun, and 施秉均. "Studies on the Decision Behavior of Optimal Transnational Investment/ Disinvestment for Venture Capital Industry with Real Options Approach." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fb7439.

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碩士
國立東華大學
國際企業學系
95
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the investment and disinvestment strategies of a venture capital enterprise for a transnational project by using the real options approach to determine the threshold values for the optimal investment and disinvestment decisions. Based on the venture capital enterprise’s transnational investment in a hi-tech startup, an investment model is primary constructed to produce the best investment threshold value as a guideline for the venture capital enterprise’s investment decision-making between domestic and foreign investment projects. The venture capital enterprise will simultaneously assess both domestic and foreign investment projects. With limited capital, the venture capital enterprise formulates investment strategies for the domestic and the foreign projects in an effort to obtain the best investment portfolio selection under the limitations of capital distribution and the principle of risk dispersion. However, in the disinvestment model, the capital withdrawn from the foreign investment project is converted through foreign exchange and reinvested in a domestic start-up company. At this point, the venture capital enterprise has two exit options. The first one is when the investment project value falls below the liquidation threshold, and the enterprise will choose liquidation to pull out from the project. Yet when the investment value is over the conversion threshold, the venture capital enterprise will go for initial public offering and convert its stock shares in the open market. By means of the investment and disinvestments models of this thesis will perform mathematical calculations and set the relevant parameters to facilitate the acquisition of their threshold values. At the same time, the influence of major variables on investment and disinvestment threshold values through sensitivity analysis was observed.

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Ginzel, Beate. "Bridge the gap!: Modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of local communitiesand their influence on the urban development in the Global South." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11829.

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The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International (SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks. Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche transnationale'

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