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1
Takahashi, Bruno. "O papel do terceiro facilitador na conciliação de conflitos previdenciários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-08042016-165122/.
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A conciliação judicial de conflitos previdenciários envolve, em geral, uma proposta de acordo baseada na renúncia pelo indivíduo de parte dos valores do benefício em atraso em um processo no qual a decisão contrária ao entendimento do Instituto Nacional do Segurado Social (INSS) é muito provável. Como regra, há um notório desequilíbrio de poder envolvendo, de um lado, um litigante ocasional (indivíduo) e, de outro, um litigante habitual (INSS). O presente trabalho pretende discutir qual o papel do terceiro facilitador nesse contexto, de modo a legitimar a prática existente e avançar para uma mudança de paradigma. Para tanto, parte-se da tese de que a conciliação deve ser adequada ao conflito que se pretende tratar, cabendo ao terceiro facilitador atuar de acordo com as peculiaridades desse conflito. Desse modo, propõe-se que, para o tratamento do conflito previdenciário, o conceito de conciliador deve ser entendido em termos amplos, abrangendo não apenas o conciliador leigo, mas também o juiz conciliador e o Judiciário como conciliador interinstitucional. Embora cada uma dessas atuações possua características próprias, sustenta-se que o ponto em comum é o respeito a um devido processo legal mínimo que possibilite a existência de uma base adequada de poder e que permita, assim, a tomada de uma decisão informada pelas partes. Dessa forma, a flexibilidade instrumental própria da conciliação não impediria o estabelecimento de parâmetros mínimos da atuação do conciliador. Por isso, tendo como limite a tomada de uma decisão informada, o conciliador atuaria por meio de estratégias variadas, aproximando-se e distanciando-se das partes, com maior ou menor interferência, de acordo com as características do caso apresentado. Conclui-se que, com a atuação conjunta e coordenada das diversas espécies de conciliador é possível aprimorar qualitativamente a conciliação de conflitos previdenciários.<br>The court-connected conciliation (or evaluative mediation) of pension funds conflicts in Brazil involves, generally, an agreement in which the individual plaintiff waives part of a benefit in a lawsuit that the defendant, a national government agency called Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), will probably loose. As a general rule, there is a significant imbalance of power between a one-shotter (individual) and a repeat player (INSS). The present work aims to discuss the role of the conciliator (or evaluative mediator) in this scenario, in order to legitimate the current practice and to allow a paradigm shift. Firstly, it argues that conciliation should be appropriate to the conflict to be resolved and that the conciliator also should act according to the peculiarities of this conflict. Therefore, it proposed that the definition of conciliator might be enlarged to cover not only the lay person who acts as a conciliator, but also the judge as a conciliator and the Judiciary as an interinstitutional conciliator. Although each specie has its own characteristics, it is argued that the common point is that all must try to guarantee the observance of a minimal due process of law which allows the existence of an adequate basis of power and thus enable parties to make an informed decision. Consequently, the flexibility of the conciliation rules would not prevent the establishment of minimum standards of the conciliator\'s performance. Limited by the aim to allow parties to make an informed decision, the conciliator would act through a variety of strategies. It means being close or far from the parties, interfering in a greater or a smaller level, depending on the characteristics of a particular conflict to be dealt. To sum up, this work concludes that, if the three species of conciliator work together in a coordinated way, it could be possible to have a qualitative improvement in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.
2
Sourdin, Tania. "Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Principles : From Negotiation to Mediation." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20943.
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Nyakundi, Freda Moraa. "Development of ADR mechanisms in Kenya and the role of ADR in labour relations and dispute resolution." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15173.
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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a vastly growing enterprise in conflict management the world over. Its application in managing labour relations and the attendant disputes has been tested and is well settled. Kenya, in recognition of this phenomenon, has adopted a legal framework making provisions for both ADR and Labour rights in its most supreme law, the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. This informs the theme of the current study. The disciplines that are ADR and labour relations are overwhelmingly extensive. Thus they cannot find conclusive commentary in a single book leave alone a thesis with a predicated word count. This paper is neither a one stop-shop treatise nor an integral text on either disciplines but a comprehensive commentary, on the interplay between ADR and labour relations. Fair treatment has been accorded and care has been borne to neither starve one nor belabor the other. It is a commentary spanning eons, reaching out to the past, tracking development and addressing the prevailing circumstances in respect of ADR's application in labour dispute resolution in Kenya. The rich literature review (books, statutes, conventions, journals, articles) quoted is as informative as it is illuminating, and presents a wealth of knowledge. The overall aim is to assess the place of ADR in labour relations in Kenya and spur academic, intellectual and sector-wise debate on the foregoing.
4
So, Shiu Sing David. "Compare the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) used in Hong Kong and Japan construction industry." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843181a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>"Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Martins, Nadia Bevilaqua. "ADR in the age of contemporaneity : complexity, chaos and pedagogy /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17752.pdf.
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Msokera, Chisomo Harvey. "Appropriate dispute resolution for women married under customary law in Malawi, with special reference to marital violence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25482.
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As a dispute resolution service provider, the justice system ought to provide effective legal remedies to address the justice needs of people. Apart from having the capacity to provide the legal remedies, the system has to be accessible as well. In marital violence disputes, one of the general interests of both the State and the affected individual spouses is to prevent further abuse. Courts offer this remedy, among others, by imposing restraining orders, which are backed up by punitive threats. On the other hand, facilitative mechanisms of dispute resolution such as mediation do not have the power to impose punishment on contemptuous parties. However, facilitative dispute resolution processes encourage joint problem solving, which is desirable in maintaining a workable relationship between spouses. This research argues that in order to ensure optimum access to justice in marital violence disputes there is a need for a dispute resolution system that offers facilitative and advisory mechanisms of dispute resolution alongside court processes. However, in Malawi, rural citizens face the barriers of language and use of English law-orientated procedures when accessing courts. Furthermore, some customary law practices and statutory law provisions encourage the view that mediation in marital violence disputes precludes concurrent access to court remedies. This research explores the challenges which this current approach to marriage dispute resolution poses to women married under customary law. It answers the question whether the justice system, with its English law-orientated procedures and the tenet of mandatory mediation or reconciliation, offers appropriate and effective mechanisms of resolving marital violence disputes to women married under customary law.
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De, Oliveira Michélle Branco. "Dispute resolution under the general conditions of contract 2010 / Michélle Branco de Oliveira." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8671.
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In the light of the nature of the construction industry and the fact that it is often burdened with disputes arising from the contract, appropriate and unique alternative dispute resolution procedures are indispensable for disputes to be resolved quickly, efficiently and effectively. Section 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides for the right to have disputes resolved by means of a public hearing before a court, alternatively, where appropriate, by means of an independent, impartial forum. Arbitration, mediation, conciliation and adjudication, to name but a few, are alternative methods used in resolving South African construction disputes. Some of these alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods are provided for in the Construction Industry Development Board recommended standard contracts. This study entails an analysis of the ADR methods in construction agreements with specific reference to the General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works 2010 (GCC 2010) and a comparison thereof with the English position. The application of the recommended ADR methods in the South African construction industry, especially adjudication, faces many challenges. There is no certainty as to the definition nor the procedure to be followed in the use thereof. The study concluded that there is a definite need for the contract to be reviewed, in particular the dispute resolution clause. The introduction of on- line dispute resolution was also recommended. This will contribute towards efficient, effective and expedient dispute resolution that is required due to the nature and role of the construction industry in a country‟s economy. There is also a definite need for legislation to be implemented which will assist in clarifying as well as regulating the adjudication procedure as used in the South African construction industry.<br>Thesis (LLM)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Luna-Smith, Liana. "Closing the Gap: Identifying and Defining Challenges Faced by Alternative Dispute Resolution Professionals as They Enter the Field." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19351.
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The definitive flexibility, informality, and diversity of use make alternative dispute resolution (ADR) a unique field that deserves the time and effort it will take to determine best practice for establishing it as a true profession. That being said, before we begin the battle for legitimization we must not forget the heart and soul of the field, its practitioners. In the face of the unsure status of ADR as a field, there are many barriers currently affecting potential practitioners of ADR preventing the success of both these new members and the field itself.
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Leung, Brian Ming-yuen. ""What is the role of ADR in the existing and future environmental dispute mechanism in Hong Kong?"." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b18508315a.pdf.
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Begin, Marc A. "An analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as it applies to contract dispute settlement and its use by the Defense Industry." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366326.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999.<br>"June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Mark W. Stone, David A. Smith. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). System requirements: Abode Acrobat reader.
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Ibrahim, Ahmed-Rufai. "Transforming the Dagbon Chieftaincy Conflict in Ghana: Perception on the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/105.
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The study is a survey research with a focus on the perceptions of the two conflicting parties in the Dagbon chieftaincy conflict in Ghana; the Abudu, and the Andani royal families on the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to resolve and transform the Dagbon chieftaincy conflict in Ghana. The conflict is over the rightful heir to the Yendi throne (skin) and it has persisted for more than five decades in Ghana’s post-independence history. All attempts to amicably resolve and transform the conflict through government established committees and commissions of inquiry, rulings by the law courts, and interventions by state and non-state institutions and actors have failed to yield any positive results. An alternative conflict settlement approach is therefore required to resolve and transform the conflict. ADR which is an approach employed by two or more parties in the settlement of conflicts and disputes other than the judicial court system is perceived to be an option. Historically, the traditional practice of ADR dates back to the pre-colonial era in Africa including Ghana. However, Ghana formally introduced ADR by promulgating the ADR Act (Act 798) in 2010. Three significant theories, namely; ripeness theory, Hobbes’ inherency theory and the group identity theory have been used to explain the study. Existing literature has been systematically reviewed. Primary data was gathered with a questionnaire. The data was then scientifically examined, analyzed, and interpreted. The findings are that respondents are very much aware of the existence of the conflict and its effects. The general perception is that, the ADR method when employed could result in an amicable resolution and transformation of the Dagbon conflict in Ghana. The research contributes to emerging literature on the relevance of Alternative Dispute Resolution and its success in the resolution of conflicts and disputes.
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Haji, Abdullah Mohammad Aminuddin bin. "An investigation of the development of mediation in the UK construction industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-the-development-of-mediation-in-the-uk-construction-industry(8feb862e-510f-475c-9836-44397687370a).html.
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Mediation has been regarded as one of the effective dispute resolving techniques. However, the issues pertaining to the development of mediation have been overlooked and are therefore less well known. There has been limited discussion about mediation and some of the theoretical explanations about its development in the construction industry were not well investigated or documented. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the development of mediation by focusing on investigating the barriers which impede the use of mediation in resolving construction industry disputes in the UK. Gaps in the literature were identified in the research but no hypothesis was generated. The interpretive research model was an ideal paradigm for this research as it assisted in structuring the whole process of the investigation. A grounded theory strategy was adopted as it helped to capture the overall mediation phenomenon in a construction environment. Semi-structured interviews, with sixteen leading mediators from around the UK, were used for this study. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interview transcripts were analysed using grounded theory analysis, through manual coding techniques. From the findings, two categories of barriers were identified: barriers arising from the public (lack of social awareness, disputatious culture, process barrier, insufficient planning, security and the introduction of adjudication) and barriers caused by the disputants’ legal advisors (ignorance, personal agendas and the conventional method of resolution). The study also explores some information on the mediation system such as financial issue was the main dispute in construction industry; facilitative mediation is the most appropriate mediation process and in appointing the mediator, excellence in mediating skills is more important than his or her professional background; also it is inappropriate/ counterproductive to impose mandatory mediation on construction disputes. The limited amount of literature dealing with mediation in the UK construction industry is one of the limitations of the research, as it complicated the process of designing the interview questions. Some potential sources of bias for the research are identified through the areas of data presentation and data interpretation. This research has provided theoretical and practical contributions to mediation development within the context of the UK’s construction industry. Further research is suggested to validate the research findings and to evaluate the quality of the mediation process, based on the gender and professional background of the mediator.
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Montminy, Joëlle. "The search for appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve aboriginal land claims : empowerment and recognition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30322.
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Different dispute resolution mechanisms, including treaties, litigation, negotiation and, to a lesser extent,
mediation and arbitration, have been employed to resolve land disputes in Canada over the centuries. Since 1973,
the federal government has unilaterally developed and reviewed land claims policies which favour negotiation to
resolve land claims between governments and First Nations, Further, two regional institutions were created in
Ontario and British Columbia to facilitate the resolution of these complex claims. Various processes have also been
used to resolve similar claims in New Zealand and Australia.
The problems associated with the present land claims processes in Canada have been discussed for more than
twenty years. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the appropriateness of the various dispute resolution
processes which are, or could be, employed to resolve the land question in Canada. The search for dispute
resolution mechanisms suitable to resolve land claims is undertaken in light of the two basic characteristics of the
relationship of the parties to these disputes: the cultural differences, and the imbalance of power between the
parties. The first chapter of my thesis examines the history of land claims policies and processes in Canada,
discusses the historical relationship between Aboriginal peoples and governments, and explores the main
assumptions, premises, values and beliefs held by the parties involved in Aboriginal disputes, and the dynamics of
their relationship. The following three chapters discuss specific dispute resolution processes which have been
employed to resolve the land question in Canada. At the end of each of these chapters, suggestions are made to
improve these various processes. Chapter Two analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of litigation in the
context of Aboriginal land cases. Chapter Three examines the process of negotiation, with a focus on the federal
government’s policies on land claims. Chapter Four discusses the processes of mediation and arbitration, and
considers the appropriateness of these mechanisms to resolve land claims in Canada. Chapter Five provides a
comparative look at three institutions which have been created to resolve Aboriginal claims in New Zealand,
Australia and Canada: the Waitangi Tribunal of New Zealand; the National Native Title Tribunal of Australia; and
the British Columbia Treaty Commission. Finally, Chapter Six identifies the essential elements which must be
present for dispute resolution mechanisms to be successful in the Aboriginal land claims context and integrates
these basic principles into a general model of dispute resolution for Canada.
In the course of my research, I have examined literature dealing with alternative dispute resolution (ADR), the
resolution of Aboriginal claims, and on Aboriginal law generally. Throughout this thesis, I have used different
methods of research and analysis. The critical approach is used to question the self-professed legitimacy and
fairness of some dispute resolution processes, as well as to examine the theoretical underpinnings of various
processes for cultural biases. The comparative method is helpful in analyzing different institutions that have been
created in Australia, New Zealand and British Columbia to resolve Aboriginal claims. Finally, considering that
the field of dispute resolution is informed by a wide variety of disciplines, the interdisciplinary approach is used to
present different propositions concerning which dispute resolution mechanisms are the most appropriate to resolve
Aboriginal land claims based on anthropological, historical, sociological and political variables. One of the
difficulties in trying to find appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms to deal with Aboriginal land claims is to
accommodate the diversity of the approximately 633 First Nations in Canada. Another difficulty relates to the fact
that most of the ADR literature rarely addresses the issue of cultural differences.
This thesis concludes that the various dispute resolution mechanisms studied have both advantages and
disadvantages for resolving the land question in Canada. I suggest that each mechanism has a role to play in the
overall process of resolving Aboriginal land claims as long as it accommodates the cultural diversity and ensures
that all concerned have a voice in designing the process(es) employed to resolve land disputes. This thesis also
recommends the creation of an independent land claims body which would provide the benefits of third-party
intervention while avoiding the deficiencies of the present judicial system. Objectives would be to reduce costs,
expedite procedures, permit flexibility in the handling of polycentric problems, maximize the involvement of the
parties in the process and outcome, and facilitate the production of a settlement which contributes to future
harmonious relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal society. The most important element remains
that discussions about possible changes to the existing processes should occur between governments in partnership
with the First Nations of Canada, and in consultation with non-Aboriginal interests.<br>Law, Peter A. Allard School of<br>Graduate
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Dyer, Joshua Bendict. "Searching for breakdowns on the diversion routes from SEN tribunals : an exploration of disagreement resolution processes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17102.
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Study One: Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunals (SENDIST) provide independent adjudication of parental appeals against Local Authority (LA) decisions. The Parent Partnership Service (PPS) and Disagreement Resolution Services (DRS) are both arranged to reduce disagreements and, specifically, to prevent tribunals. Study One aimed to explore parental experiences of Local Disagreement Resolution Services (LDRSs) including the PPS and DRS. A secondary aim of Study One was to identify barriers to and facilitators of disagreement resolution from a parental perspective. Methods: Study One utilised semi-structured interviews as a means of exploring seven parents' experiences and constructs. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis in order to specify key themes relating to the resolution of disagreements about SEN. Results: Parents reported a sense of embattlement with the Local Authority that appeared to act as a barrier to the resolution of disagreements. Parents also identified a number of facilitators of disagreement resolution including: Feeling 'listened to'; Having access to a 'legitimate decision-maker'; and becoming better informed. A number of barriers to disagreement resolution were also reported, including but not limited to: a perception that no one is listening to them; a perception that LA staff lack independence; a perception that the LA cannot be trusted to deliver SEN provision. Study Two:Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunals (SENDIST) provide independent adjudication of parental appeals against Local Authority (LA) decisions. The Parent Partnership Service (PPS) and Disagreement Resolution Services (DRS) are both arranged to reduce disagreements and, specifically, to prevent tribunals. Study Two aimed to explore experiences of professionals working within Local Disagreement Resolution Services (LDRSs) including the PPS and DRS. A secondary aim of Study Two was to identify barriers to and facilitators of disagreement resolution from a professional perspective. A final aim of Study Two was to synthesise the perceptions reported by professionals in Study Two with those reported by parents in Study One. Methods: Study Two utilised semi-structured interviews as a means of exploring six LA-employed professionals' experiences and constructs. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis in order to specify key themes relating to the resolution of disagreements about SEN. Findings emerging from Study Two were integrated with findings from Study One using the themes generated through thematic analysis. Results: Professionals reported a number of parental factors that were perceived to act as a barrier to disagreement resolution. These included but were not limited to: weak understanding of SEN systems and a lack of confidence to engage in mediation processes. Professionals did not identify any parental factors perceived to be conducive to disagreement resolution. A smaller number of facilitators of disagreement resolution were reported, including: early intervention; and face-to-face meetings. Synthesis of findings from Studies One and Two resulted in the creation of clusters of themes that can inform future policy and practice. Findings from Studies One and Two indicate that disagreement resolution is best supported where Local Authorities can promote: collaboration, information-sharing, and reassurance for parents.
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Moin, Donya. "Toward an appropriate dispute settlement method for resolving petroleum expropriation disputes : treaty-based arbitration or mediation?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236001.
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The settlement of petroleum expropriation disputes has been a challenging issue in the petroleum industry since the earliest cases. The issue, principally, relates to foreign investors' right to investment protection and the sovereign right of states, the clash of which causes such disputes. Striking a balance between these conflicting rights in order to save the disputants' relationship is a critical concern given the interdependent relationship of disputants which manifests itself in a cyclical manner. This in turn highlights the importance of finding a suitable dispute resolution method to reach the most appropriate and balanced resolution from both parties' viewpoint. Impartiality is, in this context, a key element when determining the most suitable method for resolving expropriation disputes. This is so considering that the reason for the abandonment of diplomatic protection and litigation as methods for resolving expropriation disputes was concerns over their partiality towards one of the disputants. Currently, with the proliferation of investment treaties, treaty-based arbitration has become the most popular method for resolving such disputes. However, the suitability of treaty-based arbitration is criticised as a process which is likely to be partial in favour of investors and their investment protection rights. Such a partiality is likely to be found in treaty-based arbitration's origin, substance and procedural aspects. Therefore, it can be argued that there is room for mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method to be adopted and supplemented arbitration for settlement of petroleum expropriation disputes. In fact, mediation enjoys various qualities which makes it especially attractive for such disputes, including its time and cost efficiency, its ability to explore win-win settlement options and to save the disputing parties' relationship, and the flexibility and collaborative nature of the process. More importantly, its self-determination principle is a feature which guarantees the impartiality of mediation. However, mediation, like other dispute resolution methods, is not without its disadvantages. It faces challenges with regard to its voluntary and non-binding nature, confidentiality, its inability to deal with the political overtones of petroleum expropriation disputes, its retarding effect on jurisprudence development and disputants' lack of familiarity with the process. Nonetheless, having proposed some solutions to these shortcomings, this thesis concludes that mediation should be used and encouraged more systematically for resolving petroleum expropriation disputes.
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Phillips, Isabel A. "The ADR / CR Divide: An Autoethnographic Interrogation of its Impact on the Theory and Practice of Mediation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17417.
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There is a divide between the fields of Conflict Resolution (CR) and Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR) that impacts on the transfer of knowledge and skills.
This is the central hypothesis investigated and confirmed through analysis of
the literatures of the two fields, the responses to a questionnaire to
practitioners, and autoethnographic interrogation.
A generational analysis of authors is combined with the results of a (N=28)
questionnaire with practitioners from both fields. This delineates the divide in
the theory and literature as well as how those operating in each field identify,
conceptualise mediation and what they read.
The autoethnography explores the fundamental impact of on conflict role
definitions generally and the mediator specifically. It then looks at the impact of
crossing the ADR/CR divide on mediation practice, highlighting the necessity for
practitioners of a ‘both and’ approach to skills/ knowledge and attitude/qualities.
This leads to the consideration of a framework for mediator competence across
the ADR/CR divide.
The interaction of the mediators’ normative project and the ability of parties to
self-determine is explored practically and ethically. This highlights a range of
issues with expectations mediation and mediators and foregrounds the impact
on the mediator of the mediator role.
It ends with a call for further research using innovative methodologies, such as
autoethnography, that illuminate mediation as a relational process.
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Lo, Anthony Po-wing. "Whether and in what manner the due process of law principles should be applied to the Arena of ADR." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b18508492a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2003.<br>Title from title screen (viewed on June 2004) Submitted for Master of Arts in arbitration & alternative dispute resolution. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wong, Wai Chiu. "Investment of advanced technologies in China the roles of ADR institutions and Chinese courts in conflicts resolution and awards enforcement /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22052409a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 7, 2007) "Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution research dissertation" Includes bibliographical references.
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Yeung, Jackson Kit Shing. "Can arbitration & ADR be practically adopted in resolving disputes for oil & gas trading in mainland China?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20835917a.pdf.
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Fiedler, Arthur Müller. "A eficiência da convenção de cláusulas arbitrais escalonadas na solução de conflitos empresariais: um estudo no âmbito das câmaras de mediação e arbitragem brasileiras." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7040.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-18<br>Nenhuma<br>A convenção de cláusulas arbitrais escalonadas permite arranjar contratualmente os diferentes métodos adequados de solução de conflitos (ADR) com o objetivo de resolver os mais diversos tipos de disputas empresariais no âmbito nacional e internacional. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar se a convenção de cláusulas arbitrais escalonadas em instrumentos contratuais é eficiente para a solução de conflitos empresariais no Brasil. Para tanto, recorreu-se a revisão bibliográfica e identificou-se que o tema permite um estudo de caráter exploratório, a fim de investigar a percepção de eficiência do instituto no âmbito das câmaras de mediação e arbitragem brasileiras. Dessa forma, foram aplicados questionários com presidentes, diretores e gerentes jurídicos de 18 (dezoito) câmaras de mediação e arbitragem, dentre às quais, 8 (oito) das câmaras mais relevantes do Brasil, o que possibilitou a coleta de dados e a análise do conteúdo. A pesquisa contribui com diversos elementos de análise da eficiência das cláusulas arbitrais escalonadas, contudo, para o presente trabalho, foram definidos alguns critérios, como frequência e volume, vantagens, desvantagens, motivos e razões de utilização ou não pelas empresas, aplicações práticas por tipo de conflito e, por fim, eficiência para a solução de disputas. Os resultados da pesquisa oferecem elementos conclusivos de que a convenção de cláusulas arbitrais escalonadas em instrumentos contratuais trata-se de uma ferramenta em pleno crescimento e desenvolvimento, ágil e frequentemente eficiente na solução de diversos tipos de conflitos empresariais no Brasil.<br>The dispute resolution clause allows contractual arrangements to be made for the different alternative methods of dispute resolution (ADR) in order to solve the most diverse types of business disputes in the national and international scope. The purpose of this study is to identify whether the dispute resolution clauses in contractual instruments are effective for resolving corporate disputes in Brazil. To do so, we resorted to the bibliographic review and it was identified that the theme allows an exploratory study, in order to investigate the perception of efficiency of the institute within the Brazilian mediation and arbitration chambers. Thus, questionnaires were administered to presidents, directors and managers of 18 mediation and arbitration chambers, including 8 of the most relevant chambers in Brazil, which enabled data collection and content analysis. The research contributes with several elements of analysis of the efficiency of dispute resolution clauses, however, for the present work, some criteria were defined, such as frequency and volume, advantages, disadvantages, reasons of use or not by companies, practical applications by type of conflict and, ultimately, efficiency in general. The results of the research offer conclusive evidence that the agreement of dispute resolution clause in contractual instruments is a fast growing and agile and often efficient tool for solving various types of business conflicts in Brazil.
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Marinaro, Fabiana. "Reform without change : a sociological analysis of employment legislation and dispute processing in Japan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reform-without-change--a-sociological-analysis-of-employment-legislation-and-dispute-processing-in-japan(ca8c9774-731f-4ae5-ac9f-bef9303ed9da).html.
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This thesis sheds new light on the study of law in Japan by exploring legislative interventions and dispute resolution processes in the Japanese field of employment. The academic literature about the legal system of Japan has produced valuable research about various areas of Japanese law, from attempts at explaining patterns of rights assertion in the country to more recent studies about the legal reforms launched by the government of Japan starting from the 2000s. However, it has rarely considered the employment field as a fruitful subject for research. Nonetheless, in the past thirty years, employment has been one of the areas of Japanese law to experience considerable reform. Against the backdrop of the changes in the composition of the Japanese workforce and the bursting of the economic bubble of the beginning of the 1990s, the government of Japan assumed a more prominent role in the regulation of employment relations. In light of these developments, this thesis contributes to the debate on the role of law in Japan by examining this rarely investigated area of the Japanese legal system. Specifically, it focuses on the legislative interventions of the Japanese government to regulate the peripheral workforce of the labour market, namely women and part-time workers, and procedures for the resolution of employment disputes. In doing so, it demonstrates that the efforts of the legislators to enhance the creation of a more inclusive labour market have been fundamentally constrained by ideological and institutional factors, and resulted in an uneven distribution of legal resources among workers which exacerbated existing employment status divisions. This, in turn, has translated into unequal access to justice, affecting the extent to which different categories of workers can obtain redress through the legal apparatus.
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Suquet, Capdevila Josep. "Online Consumer Mediation in Catalonia: Regulatory Principles and Technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120548.
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Aquesta tesi presenta la mediació de consum online a Catalunya des d’una vessant legal i tecnològica. Per un costat, des del prisma dels Mitjans de Resolució de Disputes en línea (Online Dispute Resolution, ODR) analitza quines tecnologies poden recolzar els processos de mediació i quins mecanismes d’ODR s’utilitzen. Així mateix, presenta alguns reptes de la regulació dels ODR i la mediació en línea. Per un altre costat, aquesta tesi estudia la mediació com a mitjà de resolució de controvèrsies entre consumidors i empresaris. En la tesi s’efectua una recerca empírica i legal de la mediació de consum que mostra quins proveïdors ofereixen actualment serveis de mediació, així com les parts de la mediació i els seus processos. A continuació, aquesta tesi analitza els principis reguladors de la mediació en línea de consum a Catalunya. Analitza els principis continguts en el Codi de Consum de Catalunya i valora la possible inclusió d’altres principis que poden arribar a ser reconeguts per la futura normativa Europea en matèria dels ADR/ODR. Tanmateix, analitza altres principis relatius a les comunicacions electròniques. D’altra banda, aquesta tesi pren en consideració el paper que les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació (TICs) poden portar a terme per tal de contribuir a superar la manca de coneixement dels mitjans d’ADR/ODR així com dels organismes que ofereixen aquests serveis. Per això, a partir d’una aproximació legal de les polítiques de capacitació dels consumidors i de la propera normativa europea sobre ADR/ODR, aquesta tesi proposa un marc contextual i una aplicació mòbil bàsica i simple que pot contribuir a capacitar els consumidors i apropar-los a la justícia, oferint informació sobre les entitats de mediació de consum i de la legislació de consum a Catalunya.<br>Esta tesis presenta la mediación de consumo online en Cataluña, desde una vertiente doblemente legal y tecnológica. Por un lado, analiza las tecnologías que pueden apoyar los procesos de mediación así como aquellos mecanismos de resolución de disputas en línea (ODR) que se utilizan. Asimismo, presenta algunos retos de la regulación de los ODR y la mediación en línea. Por otro lado, analiza la mediación en las controversias entre consumidores y empresarios desde un prisma empírico y legal y analiza qué proveedores ofrecen actualmente servicios de mediación de consumo, cuáles son las partes y cómo se desarrollan los procesos. A continuación, esta tesis analiza los principios reguladores de la mediación en línea de consumo. A partir de la sucinta regulación del Código de Consumo de Cataluña, valora la posible inclusión de otros principios que pueden llegar a ser reconocidos por la legislación europea en el ámbito de los ADR/ODR. Además, analiza otros principios derivados de las comunicaciones electrónicas. Finalmente, esta tesis toma en consideración el papel que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) pueden llevar a cabo para contribuir a superar la falta de conocimiento de mecanismos y entidades de ADR/ODR. Por ello, más allá de las políticas de capacitación de los consumidores, esta tesis ofrece un marco contextual y una aplicación móvil, básica y simple que puede contribuir a capacitar a los consumidores y acercarlos a la justicia, ofreciendo información sobre las entidades de mediación de consumo y la legislación de consumo aplicable en Cataluña.<br>This thesis presents online consumer mediation in Catalonia from both a legal and technological perspective. On the one hand, it takes into account the technologies that may support online mediation and explores the ODR mechanisms that are currently being employed. Moreover, it presents some challenges that face the regulation of both ODR and online mediation. On the other hand, it shows both an empirical and legal study of consumer mediation and it uncovers what entities currently do provide consumer mediation services. It also situates the parties and the process. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the regulatory principles of online consumer mediation in Catalonia. From the succinct regulation of the Consumer Code in Catalonia, it analyses other principles that may be enshrined in the near future by European instruments of ADR/ODR, and it takes into account principles of electronic communications. The thesis also considers that ICT may contribute to overcoming the lack of consumer awareness of ADR/ODR mechanisms and bodies. Further to a legislative approach of consumer empowerment and ADR/ODR, it proposes a contextual framework and a basic and simple mobile application that may empower consumers and bring them closer to justice by offering information about consumer mediation entities and consumer legislation in Catalonia.
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Allie, Shouket. "Exploring the concept of conciliation (ṣulḥ) as a method of alternative dispute resolution in Islamic law". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7632.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>This research will chart and navigate the early stages in the development,
conceptualisation, and formulation of Islāmic law and the concept of ṣulḥ as a
mechanism of legal redress in Islāmic law (Sharī’a). The research shows that firstly,
the mechanism is deeply rooted and embedded in scriptural (Qur’ānic) and extrascriptural text namely the corpus of Ḥadīth. There is a plethora of instructions to prove
that reconciliation is indeed a lofty goal which is rewarded as an act of worship. Like
many other aspects of the Sharī’a, ṣulḥ is regulated by provisions of the scripture and
extra-scriptural sources considered by Muslims as the (Sharī’a). Secondly ṣulḥ is also
the preferred method of alternative dispute resolution because it is fluid, contractual,
expeditious and one of the most effective ways of solving different types of disputes,
whether commercial or family. It has therefore gained considerable traction in modern
western financial industry which I think is largely due to its contractual nature and the
absence of the adversarial element. As a mechanism of redress, ṣulḥ is governed by
Islāmic law of contract which takes the form of an agreement which can be mutually
negotiated between two or more parties. Of late it has also become the mechanism of
choice in family and marital disputes.
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Al-Shibli, Farouq. "The role and the effect of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism (mediation and arbitration) in administrative contracts : a comparative study between the United Kingdom and Jordan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-and-the-effect-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-mechanism-mediation-and-arbitration-in-administrative-contracts-a-comparative-study-between-the-united-kingdom-and-jordan(4660eeed-4213-4f62-b2f3-ed13f08389a3).html.
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In the past, governments were directly responsible for carrying out projects concerning the construction of public utilities and for delivering public services to people in many areas of social and economic life. However, the budget deficits of governments in countries such as Jordan have required them to seek partners to assist in carrying out these functions. In other words, delivering services to people nowadays often involves contracts being concluded with private sector companies who fund and deliver governmental projects and have the skills and experience to carry out the projects efficiently. When private sector investors decide to enter into contracts with governments, they want to ensure that their investments are protected in case of a dispute with the host government. In this regard, the option to resolve disputes, including the disputes of government contracts, by alternatives to traditional judicial means has increasingly become one of the main incentives for private sector investors considering whether to enter into contracts with governments. This is because Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is more informal, cheaper, faster and easier than the formal procedures which must be adhered to in the court litigation system. Jordan is considered a poor country which has to rely on the private sector to fund its projects but, because ADR is not used in this context, investors may avoid entering into contracts with the Jordanian government, believing that their investments will not be safe. Unlike in Jordan, the use of ADR has been evident in developed countries such as the UK.This thesis argues that Jordan, as a developing country in this area, should look to other countries such as the UK which have more advanced legal systems and legislation, in order to learn from their experience. Therefore, this is a comparative study which will discuss the doctrine of legal transplant and assess whether importing ADR rules and regulations from the UK to Jordan will be an effective way of improving Jordanian laws. Accordingly, this thesis discusses (i) why ADR is not used in government contracts in Jordan and (ii) the role of ADR in settling the disputes of government contracts in the UK. It also (iii) provides solutions and makes recommendations designed to encourage the use of ADR in Jordan, including on whether or not the experience of the UK can be applied in Jordan in this regard.
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Puasiri, Wanwipar. "The uniform dispute resolution policy : a comparative study of nominet, EU, ADR, US and UK legal system to find a proposal for an admendment." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1271.
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The Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) covers name disputes especially cases relating to conflicts between domain name registrants and trade mark owners. The UDRP has been used since 1999 until today without any major amendment, although a decade has passed and the numbers of domain name disputes have originally increased and today remain a sore policy and jurisprudential issue. The major problem of the UDRP is that it recognizes trade mark rights but panelists have extended its use to almost every type of disputes including geographical indications, personal names, and common words. Moreover, with the inconsistency of decisions, it is difficult for users to rely on the system as a self sufficient method of dispute resolution. The inconsistency of decisions leads to forum shopping and a shift in balance of justice. The thesis attempts to propose recommendations for an amendment of the UDRP by studying four legal systems of domain name dispute resolution. It begins with Nominet UK, the sole registrar of all .uk domain names. Then, it moves to the system of .eu Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) for all .eu domain names. It then moves to proper legal systems starting with the US. It concludes the analysis with a study of disputes in the English judicial system. The author hopes that the studies can bring together some credible suggestions for the amendment of UDRP.
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Rivas, Caso Gino. "The role of justice in the procedure and conclusion of ADR and the judicial process." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123847.
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In the face of a conflict, citizens can follow different ways to solve it. But, how justice is configurated in the conclusion of a specific conflict? what guarantee that the procedure of the mechanism is fair? We can think here in the due process of law; nevertheless, due process of law does not reach all mechanisms of conflict resolution.This paper, therefore, focuses in the study of the role of justice in (i) the procedural scope of judicial process and ADR mechanisms; and in (ii) the conflict resolution generated by them.<br>Ante un conflicto, los ciudadanos pueden seguir diversas vías para dar solución al mismo. Pero, ¿cómo se configura la justicia en la conclusión de un conflicto en específico? ¿qué garantiza que el procedimiento del mecanismo sea uno justo?. Podemos pensar aquí en el debido proceso; no obstante, éste no alcanza a todos los mecanismos de resolución de conflictos.Este artículo, por consiguiente, se enfoca en estudiar cuál es el rol de la justicia en (i) el ámbito procedimental del proceso judicial y de los MARCs; así como en (ii) la resolución al conflicto generada por aquéllos.
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Dheka, Gilbert. "A comparative analysis of community mediation as a tool of transformation in the litigation systems of South Africa and the United States of America." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5514.
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Sukovaty, Beckey D. "A Feminist Philosophical Critique of Domestic Mediation (ADR) Practices in the United States: Realizing Mary Parker Follett's Theory of Empowerment." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8480.
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Borrie, N. C. "An evaluation of the use of mediation in environmental dispute resolution under s.268 of the Resource Management Act 1991." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2118.
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Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in, and utilisation of, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques to resolve environmental conflicts in western societies. ADR was incorporated into one of New Zealand's main environmental statutes, the Resource Management Act 1991(RMA). Under s.268 of the RMA the Environment Court (the Court) may, if the parties agree, conduct mediation in order to facilitate settlement of resource management disputes. The RMA, which has now been in operation for ten years, gives no guidance as to the way in which mediation is to be conducted. The Court has developed procedures and processes for administering and conducting mediation. This study critically evaluates the practice of Court assisted mediation of environmental disputes under the RMA. A literature review and interviews with stakeholder groups are used in this evaluation. The study shows that mediation generates benefits for the Court and participants. It also identifies limitations with the current mediation procedures and processes. These may impact the effectiveness of participants in mediation, their satisfaction with, and support for, the mediated settlement and with the environmental outcomes. The study recommends a series of guidelines be prepared on the functions and administrative procedures of the Court and on the mediation process promoted by the Court. Further research is also recommended. It is considered that these recommendations, if implemented, will enhance the process for participants, ensure more equitable and consistent environmental outcomes, in terms of present and future generations, and retain public confidence in the mediation process.
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Baazius, Helena. "The Mediation Process : a Better Access to Justice in EU?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15100.
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Abstract Unlike litigation and arbitration, mediation is a more informal way to settle disputes. The process has been considered to be quick, cheap and interest-based and it is said to promote amicable settlements. Yet mediation is not commonly used as a dispute resolution method in Sweden today. However, mediation as a dispute resolution method is promoted by the EU institutions and the European Parliament and the Council has adopted a directive which will secure that the EU citizens, in some cases, will have the possibility to choose extrajudicial mediation as a dispute resolution method. Until now, it has not been possible for parties to immediately seek enforcement of the content of a Swedish extrajudicial mediation settlement agreement. However, the directive will also ensure that the EU Member States provide the EU citizens with such enforcement possibilities. According to the wording of the directive, the request of enforcement will require all parties' explicit consent. This means, that if such consent is not given, the content of the agreement cannot be made enforceable. The uncertainty whether such consent will begiven in the end of the process or not may contribute to people waiving to initiate a mediation process because the actual outcome of the process could be difficult to predict. For the mediation process to be considered as an equivalent way to settle disputes to the e.g. litigation proceeding, it is necessary that the parties also experience the results of the processes as equivalent. The requirement of consent is not totally abandoned in the proposed Swedish Mediation Act by which the directive shall be implemented. Instead of choosing the wording of the directive, there are other perspectives on the matter of enforcement which the Swedish legislature perhaps could be inspired by when implementing the directive.
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Friedel, Lukáš. "Rozhodčí řízení - nová cesta řešení obchodních sporů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18178.
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The Master thesis describes comprehensively attributes and operating of arbitration in the Czech Republic which has acquired significance recently. The work is divided into eight chapters. After exordium I make readers acquainted with alternative dispute resolution, e.g. mediation. The third chapter characterizes arbitration and describes history, sources of law, types of arbitration and capability of arbitrator in the Czech Republic. The fourth part deals with the arbitration agreements and their requirements. The fifth chapter is dedicated to its particular stages and revision, recognition and enforcement of the arbitral awards in order to provide the reader an complex overview of the the arbitration proceedings. In the sixth section, the author tries to define advantages and disadvantages of this method of solving disputes and to answer question why we should choose it. The seventh chapter adds a special current issues devoting an arbitration clause on consumer contracts. In the last chapter author concludes the topic and suggests improvements.
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Mendonça, Priscila Faricelli de. "Transação e arbitragem nas controvérsias tributárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-12022014-135619/.
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O objetivo da presente dissertação de mestrado foi o de, a partir de uma análise fática das discussões judiciais travadas entre fisco e contribuinte para solução de controvérsias tributárias, constatar a ineficiência do sistema atualmente posto à disposição dos sujeitos envolvidos em tais relações e buscar soluções processualmente viáveis, com foco em mecanismos consensuais (transação) ou adjudicatórios de base consensual (arbitragem). Para tanto, partiu-se de uma análise do atual cenário dos litígios judiciais envolvendo fiscos e contribuintes, concluindo-se pela incapacidade do sistema a proporcionar soluções satisfatórias e tratamento adequado ao conflito (Parte I, Capítulo 1). Diante da realidade fática enfrentada, o problema é proposto para soluções de controvérsias tributárias, frente ao regime de indisponibilidade do crédito tributário. Na nova moldura das relações que envolvem o Estado, tendo em vista que não se afasta disponibilidade do crédito tributário desde que se dê nos termos da lei (Parte I, Capítulo 2), passou-se a uma análise dos meios atualmente postos à disposição dos fiscos e contribuintes para solução das controvérsias tributárias, vislumbrando-se, ao final, pela viabilidade de adoção de meios alternativos para solução de tais controvérsias (Parte I, Capítulo 3). A segunda parte do estudo é voltada à análise da arbitragem tributária, partindo da arbitrabilidade do crédito tributário (Parte II, Capítulo 1) até os requisitos formais e processuais para adoção de tal método privado e de base consensual para solução de conflitos tributários. Feitas as premissas necessárias, tratou-se dos aspectos processuais da arbitragem tributária, sempre os vinculando à estrita legalidade que permeia tais relações e será premissa de validade do procedimento que se cogita (Parte II, Capítulo 2). Finalmente, na terceira parte é feita a avaliação acerca da transigibilidade das controvérsias tributárias (Parte III, Capítulo 1) para, após, verificar os aspectos processuais da transação tributária, sempre com vistas à legalidade, tipicidade cerrada e limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal.<br>This dissertation aims at looking for feasible solutions from a procedural standpoint, based on a factual analysis of tax judicial lawsuits between the taxpayers and the Government that verified the inefficiency of the system currently made available to the parties involved in the said disputes, focused on the possibility of adopting the arbitration and transaction. Initially, it is discussed the current scenario of the judicial tax litigation, which resulted in the conclusion of the inability of the system to provide satisfactory solutions and appropriate treatment to the relevant conflicts (Part I, Chapter 1). Given such scenario, the proposed problem is how to use consensual mechanisms (transaction) or adjudicatory-based consensus procedures (arbitration) to resolve tax controversies, vis a vis the regime of unavailability of the tax credit. In the new framework of relations involving the States, which allows the availability of the tax credit strictly under the law (Part I, Chapter 2), it is analyzed the ways currently available to the tax authorities and taxpayers for the resolution of tax controversies and it is concluded for the feasibility of adopting alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods (Part I, Chapter 3), in addition to the adjudicative resolution of the conflicts. Then, the second part of the study is focused on the analysis of tax arbitration, moving from the arbitrability of the tax credit (Part II, Chapter 1) to the substantive and procedural requirements for adopting such a method private and consensual-based for resolving tax disputes. As the necessary premises were confirmed, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of tax arbitration, always linking them to the strict legality that permeates tax matters and will utmost validate the arbitration for tax matters (Part II, Chapter 2). Finally, the third part is an evaluation about the possibility of tax transaction (Part III, Chapter 1); after that, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of the transaction for tax purposes, always under the strict legality and the limits imposed by the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Part III, Chapter 2).
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Le, Reste Simon. "La résolution des litiges sportifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1089.
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La résolution des litiges sportifs a démontré une extraordinaire vivacité ces vingt-cinq dernières années avec la mise en jeu de trois grandes formes de justice qui constituent les « justices sportives », à savoir la justice interne des organisations sportives (disciplinaire et administrative), la justice alternative (MARL, arbitrage et autorités indépendantes) et la justice étatique (française et européenne). A travers le dialogue des différents juges du sport, ces trois justices, pourtant si différentes, s’éclairent, se tolèrent, se respectent et se complètent, permettant ainsi une résolution cohérente et efficace des litiges sportifs. La présente étude visera aussi à mettre en lumière l’existence d’un dialogue entre les différents juges du sport. Ce dialogue participe à l’amélioration de la résolution des litiges sportifs et plus généralement des normes sportives. A travers le dialogue des juges, la justice interne des organisations sportives a considérablement évolué au plus grand profit des justiciables du mouvement sportif qui y ont trouvé des droits plus fermes et mieux garantis. Parallèlement, et tirant bénéfice là encore du dialogue des juges, la justice alternative a connu un développement remarquable, prouvant sa très grande efficacité dans la résolution des litiges sportifs. Reste que ces deux justices ne peuvent raisonnablement prétendre couvrir l’ensemble des litiges du sport et leur donner une issue définitive. En dépit des progrès de la justice sportive interne des organisations sportives, et malgré le développement de la justice alternative, l'intervention de la justice étatique demeure indispensable dans la bonne résolution des litiges sportifs<br>Sport disputes resolution has shown an extraordinary strength over the past twenty-five years through the interaction between the three main forms of justice as component of the "sport justices", i.e. the internal justice of the sport organisations (disciplinary and administrative justice), the alternative justice (ADR, arbitration and independent authorities) and the state justice (French and European justice).Through the dialogue between the various sport judges, we will also analyze how these three justices, despite their differences, enlighten each other, stand each other, respect and complete each other. This research also aims at highlighting the very existence of the dialogue between the different sport judges. This dialogue plays a part in the improving of sport disputes resolution and more generally of the sport rules.Through the dialogue of judges, the internal justice of the sport organisations has significantly changes to the benefit of the members of sport organsisations whose rights are more guaranteed. Alongside, thanks to the dialogue between judges, the development of the alternative justice is considerable, showing its significant efficiency in sport disputes resolution. Nonetheless, these two justices cannot pretend covering the whole sport litigation and handing down final and binding decisions. Despite the positive evolution of the internal justice of sport organisations and the development of the alternative justice, the involvement of the state justice remains indispensable in the good resolution of sport litigation
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Brandão, Fernanda Holanda de Vasconcelos. "Desjudicialização dos conflitos: novo paradigma para uma educação jurídica voltada à prática da atividade advocatícia negocial." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4450.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-11<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The practical experience of courses provided by Law Schools in Brazil shows that the legal education is not following the contemporary social transformations. On the other hand, the society is increasingly seeking for a more efficient, non-bureaucratical and speedier access to justice. However, this access is not being possible through traditional means of conflict resolution, what means lawsuits. Actually, the Judiciary seems inadequate in order to attend a constantly growing number of procedures and law professionals do not have awareness that we must privilege the pacification culture over the litigation culture. Therefore, due to so many crisis, either in Judiciary, in State, in the university legal education, it is necessary to find ways to provide practical and real effectiveness to make the access to justice as a citizen fundamental right, consequently, contributing to promote social, human and economic development in the democratic rule-of-law State. To achieve this objective, it must exist a join effort of society, legislators, legal scholars and students, in order to change the paradigm of a dogmatic and archaic legal education, which has its foundations in the history of a centralized and absolute Law, guided by utilization and application of what the laws dictate. This overpassed educational method, nowadays countered by several jurists, always withdrew the critical and interpretational power of the people, as it is evident in studies of the jurist theoretical common sense. Considering those aspects, this work aims to disseminate the phenomenon of extrajudicial conflict resolution as a new paradigm to be adopted for a legal education dedicated to alternative dispute resolution founded in negotiation techniques and game theory.<br>A experiência prática de disciplinas oferecidas nos cursos de direito das universidades federais brasileiras mostra que o ensino jurídico não está acompanhando as transformações sociais contemporâneas. Por sua vez, a sociedade vem buscando cada vez mais um acesso à justiça que seja célere, eficiente e desburocratizado. Todavia, esse acesso não tem sido possível através do meio tradicional de solução de conflitos, que é a prestação da tutela jurisdicional pelo Estado-juiz. Na verdade, o que se verifica é a insuficiência do Poder Judiciário para atender um número sempre crescente de demandas processuais e a falta de consciência dos operadores do direito de que é preciso privilegiar a cultura da pacificação, em detrimento da cultura da litigância. Assim, diante de tantas crises, seja do Poder Judiciário, seja do Estado, seja da educação jurídica universitária, faz-se necessário encontrar caminhos para que se dê efetividade prática e real de acesso à justiça como direito fundamental do cidadão, contribuindo, assim, para promover o desenvolvimento econômico, social e humano no Estado democrático de direito. Para que isso ocorra, é necessário um esforço conjunto da sociedade, dos legisladores, dos estudiosos do direito, dos docentes e discentes, no sentido de mudar um paradigma de educação jurídica dogmática e arcaica que tem suas origens na história de um direito centralizado e absoluto, disciplinado pela utilização e aplicação do que ditam as leis. Essa forma superada de educação, combatida atualmente por vários juristas, sempre tirou das pessoas o poder de interpretação e de crítica, consoante se evidencia nos estudos sobre o senso comum teórico do jurista. Levando em consideração esses aspectos, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo difundir o fenômeno da desjudicialização dos conflitos como um novo paradigma a ser adotado para uma educação jurídica que se volte para a prática da atividade advocatícia negocial, fundamentada por técnicas de negociação e pela teoria dos jogos.
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Bastazine, Cleber Alves. "Mediação em relações individuais de trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-13122012-155547/.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de utilização da mediação para a administração de conflitos nas relações individuais de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado levando em consideração os aspectos virtuosos da mediação, seus enfoques e possibilidades de intervenção. O trabalho leva em conta um conceito de conflito que reputamos adequado aos conflitos de justiça, diferenciando-o de outros enfoques possíveis ao fenômeno. Também foram apreciados os diversos modelos de mediação, a formação e a ética dos mediadores e a capacidade da mediação em representar uma alternativa ao desejado acesso à justiça, sem que isso implique em um viés de resolução da incapacidade do Poder Judiciário em distribuir o justo. A mediação foi estudada em seus princípios e também em sua correlação com os princípios do direito do trabalho, possibilitando estabelecer uma linha argumentativa acerca das críticas e limitações essenciais frequentemente apontadas por aqueles que defendem a incapacidade da mediação em prover uma adequada intervenção nos conflitos em relações individuais de trabalho. O enfoque procurado propõe uma ampliação do conceito de conflito individual de trabalho, estabelecido entre empregadores e empregados, para incluir aqueles conflitos existentes entre empregados e que não recebem previsão de adequado tratamento. Tais conflitos, conhecidos pelos economistas como micro conflitos, são portadores de uma litigiosidade latente que ao se desenvolver tem como única previsão a extinção da relação de trabalho. A intervenção mediadora, assim, representa meio de preservação das relações de trabalho, protegendo ainda os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, concedendo uma nova perspectiva de acesso ao justo.<br>This study aims to carry out a reflection on the possibilities of use of mediation to manage conflict in individual relationships work. The study was performed taking into account the virtuous aspects of mediation, their approaches and possibilities for intervention. The work takes into account a concept of conflict that we deem appropriate to conflicts justice, differentiating it from other possible approaches to the phenomenon. Were also appreciated the various models of mediation, training and ethics of mediators and the ability of mediation to represent a desired alternative to access to justice, without this implying a bias in the resolution of the judiciary\'s inability to distribute the fair. The mediation was studied in its principles and also its correlation with the principles of employment law, allowing to establish a line of argument about the critical and essential limitations often highlighted by those who argue the failure of mediation to provide an adequate intervention in conflicts in individual employment relationships. The approach sought, proposes an expansion of the concept of conflict of employment established between employers and employees, to include those conflicts between employees, which do not receive adequate treatment prediction. Such conflicts, known to economists as micro conflicts, carry a latent litigation has to be developed as the only forecasting the demise of the employment relationship. The mediator intervention thus represents a means of preserving working relationships, yet protecting the fundamental rights of workers, giving a new perspective on access to fair.
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Quintana, Guilherme Enrique Malosso. "Fraude à execução e arbitragem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-21012015-075144/.
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A consolidação da arbitragem como mecanismo amplamente utilizado para a resolução de controvérsias em nosso país traz questionamentos a respeito dos riscos e da efetividade de tal método quando o assunto é a execução da sentença arbitral. Enquanto no processo estatal a efetividade da sentença é assegurada pelo reconhecimento da fraude à execução (sancionada com a ineficácia dos atos fraudulentos), restam dúvidas acerca da aplicabilidade da mesma regra no processo arbitral. A garantia da higidez patrimonial através da repreensão da fraude à execução também deve ser observada no processo arbitral, do contrário será incentivada a má-fé, bem como enfraquecida a efetividade da execução da sentença para aqueles que elegem a arbitragem para a resolução de suas controvérsias. Neste mister, o presente trabalho procura traçar os contornos da fraude à execução e da jurisdição arbitral para, através do confronto entre elas, trazer reflexões que colaborem com a compreensão dos riscos assumidos pelo usuário da arbitragem, especialmente no que diz respeito à efetividade de uma eventual execução da sentença arbitral.<br>The consolidation of arbitration as a method widely used in Brazil has brought up the discussion over the risks and over the effectiveness of the arbitration award enforcement. While in state court procedures the effectiveness of the decision is assured by the legal recognition of fraud of execution (sanctioned with disregard of the fraudulent acts), in arbitral procedures the applicability of this same rule is doubtful. The assurance of the patrimonial integrity through punishment of fraud of execution also must be observed in arbitration, otherwise bad faith would be stimulated and the enforcement of the arbitral award will be compromised for those who chose arbitration for solving their controversies. This paper intents to analyze and to confront the features of fraud of execution and of the arbitral jurisdiction in order to collaborate with the understanding of the risks taken by the user of arbitration, especially regarding the effectiveness of the enforcement of the arbitral award.
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Manla, Ahmad Jassem. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges administratifs en droit français et en droit syrien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0226.
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Longtemps ignorés par la doctrine ainsi que par le droit positif, les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges (MARL) suscitent, ces dernières années, un intérêt particulier en droit administratif français ainsi qu’en droit administratif syrien. De façon commode, ces modes alternatifs peuvent désigner un ensemble de procédés ayant pour objectif de mettre fin aux litiges administratifs sans passer par un procès administratif ou judiciaire. Pêle-mêle, se trouvent ainsi regroupés le recours administratif, l’arbitrage, la médiation, la conciliation et la transaction. C’est à l’étude de leur place restreinte dans le règlement des litiges administratifs, en France comme en Syrie, et des perspectives de leur développement souhaitable en droits administratifs français et syrien que la présente étude est consacrée. Il s’agit d’une étude comparée entre le système français et le système syrien<br>Having been ignored, for a long time, by the doctrine as well as by the positive law, alternative means of dispute resolution (ADR) have recently aroused a particular interest in both French and Syrian administrative laws. Conveniently, theses alternative modes would designate a set of processes with the objective of putting an end to the administrative disputes without going through an administrative or judicial process. The administrative recourse, arbitration, mediation, conciliation and transaction have all been haphazardly found out and grouped together. It is the study of their restrained place in the resolution of the administrative disputes in France and in Syria, as well as the study of the perspectives of their desired development in French and Syrian administrative laws that the present study is devoted to. In this sense, this is a comparative study between the French system and the Syrian system
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Alfadhli, Abdulaziz. "Does the alternative dispute resolution have a role to play in the construction industry in the State of Kuwait? : look into the most appropriate methodology that may be taken in Kuwait in comparison with what are available in the English legal system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359283/.
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Spending almost two decades of experience with one of the largest oil and gas production company in the Middle East namely “Kuwait Oil Company” as a Team Leader and Senior Counsel for the Projects and Claims Team under Legal Affairs Department has undoubtedly inspired me the notion the essence of this thesis alongside with that sort of eagerness to research in quest for the knowledge which man has always and still run after but the least nevertheless only acquired! Before I join the company in late eighties, and on my graduation I found myself in cross roads, become a lecturer and embark on the academic career and satisfy my desire for research or fight my way in the legal profession as practitioner? I walked the second route in the hope of gaining the legal experience with the thought of grapping the research route in a later stage in which I now do enjoy and live. Working with KOC, I have been involved up to teeth in different areas of law since a project documents is governed and regulated not only by contract law but commercial law, companies law, patent law, labour law, construction law and tax law are also incorporated. The dispute resolution methods are addressed as well since local litigation is the main method and international adjudication, mediation and arbitration are exceptional but used and applied in particular on LSTK, EPC, EPF and Technical Service Agreements TSAs. Negotiation rounds which were entered with international oil companies on new projects and contracts gained me skills and exceptional knowledge in applying law and practice as well as sharing expertise not only in law function but in commercial and technical angles of the project bearing in mind the diversified expertise representing all aspects of business and the approaches followed to successfully accomplish a project. In the thesis, I’ve opted to deal with the elements of dispute resolution in the construction industry on the international scale and on the local or national level choosing State of Kuwait’s legal system and enhancing the research with the practical work experience in the Kuwait Oil Company extending seven chapters for this aim. I fully hope with my humble efforts exerted in this thesis that something valuable is added to the endless and depthless ocean of legal knowledge. In addition to the introductory section, the analysis of the thesis subject will be split into and developed through seven parts. Chapter one will define the construction contract, the field of the study subject, which will be followed by the mechanism of formation of the contract subject matter in chapter two. Then, the next four chapters, the means of the most common alternative dispute resolution; namely arbitration, adjudication, expert determination and mediation will be examined respectively. Chapter seven will mainly focus on the evaluation of the Kuwaiti national oil producer (Kuwait Oil Company “KOC”) as a case study and eventually will come up with the recommendations. Then, the mission of the thesis would reach the Conclusion being the final destination of its journey.
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Poli, Catherine. "L'unité fondamentale des accords amiables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0759/document.
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Les processus de résolution amiable des différends – conciliation, médiation, procédure participative ou droit collaboratif – présentent une unité d’objectif. Leur mise en œuvre permet une tentative de conclusion d’un accord amiable : un contrat consacrant la solution du différend construite par les parties. Sans se départir d’une approche procédurale, cette étude propose une analyse contractuelle de la résolution amiable des différends. Au-delà d’une procéduralisation de la formation de l’accord amiable, le droit commun des contrats sert en effet de manière unitaire les négociations et la conclusion de l’accord amiable. Ce dernier présente néanmoins une certaine diversité au regard des qualifications contractuelles qu’il peut revêtir. Si le contrat de transaction apparaît comme un référent à l’accord amiable, tout accord amiable ne consiste pas nécessairement en une transaction. Mais au-delà du jeu des qualifications possibles, le droit commun des contrats fédère les conditions de validité et les forces de l’accord amiable. Une unité fondamentale des accords amiables se révèle ainsi, garantissant la résolution effective des différends<br>The amicable settlement process - conciliation, mediation, collaborative procedure or law - present the same aim. Every amicable settlement process permits the conclusion of an amicable agreement: a contract consecrating the solution built by the parties. Without distracting from procedural approach, this study offers a contractual analysis of the amicable dispute resolution. Beyond a proceduralisation of the negotiation and the amicable settlement formation, it is the general law of contract that insure a support to the amicable settlement process. However, the amicable settlement presents some diversity due to peripheral qualifications. If the transaction contract is a reference to the amicable settlement, every amicable settlement is not necessarily a transaction. Beyong the choice of qualifications, the general contract law unites the validity conditions and the forces of the amicable settlement. A fundamental unity of amicable settlements reveals, safeguarded the effective dispute resolution
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Šteflová, Iva. "Alternativní způsoby řešení sporů v obchodních závazkových vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85932.
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The diploma thesis is focused on alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in business relationships. The goal of thesis is to determine the term of alternative dispute resolution and to compare different approaches to regulation of mini-trial and mediation. The first part of thesis presents the term ADR and identifies its key characteristics. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of ADR and introduces institutions which concern with ADR. The attention is also aimed on arbitration and its relation to ADR. The second part of thesis deals with mini-trial. The description of its features is based on comparison of model rules provided by institutions which concern with ADR. The third part of thesis is focused on the most expanded method of ADR -- mediation. The attention is aimed at regulation trend within the European Union, legislation in the Czech Republic and Mediation Act Proposal. Closing part compares regulation of mini-trial and mediation and points out some of the debatable provisions of the Mediation Act Proposal.
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SILVESTRI, MAURO. "POTERE PUBBLICO E AUTOTUTELA AMMINISTRATIVA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/61787.
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La tesi ha per oggetto l’autotutela amministrativa, specialmente quella c.d. decisoria “spontanea”, ovvero quell’insieme di poteri che consentono all’amministrazione di riesaminare i propri provvedimenti e di rimuoverli a vario titolo.
Di questi poteri si è indagato il fondamento dogmatico e positivo.
La questione del fondamento è stata per lunghi anni affrontata dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza in termini totalmente pre-critici e non problematici: l’esistenza di questi poteri era semplicemente scontata e le riflessioni sulla loro base giuridica si esaurivano perlopiù nella constatazione della loro necessità nell’immemore consenso circa la loro ammissibilità.
Negli ultimi anni, invece, una parte degli Autori ha disconosciuto la natura implicita e per così dire “originaria” di questi poteri e ne ha perciò patrocinato la stretta riconduzione al principio di legalità: in altre parole, l’annullamento e la revoca non sarebbero affatto conseguenza della c.d. inesauribilità del potere amministrativo – negata da questa dottrina – e sarebbero perciò oggi ammissibili unicamente nei casi e nei modi disciplinati dalle due norme introdotte nella legge sul procedimento nel 2005. Ciò a garanzia della certezza dei rapporti giuridici e del legittimo affidamento dei destinatari dei provvedimenti ampliativi.
Secondo un filone ricostruttivo in pare contrastante con il primo, altri Autori hanno inteso valorizzare gli elementi de iure condito a favore della obbligatorietà dell’avvio del procedimento di riesame, auspicandone contemporaneamente la generalizzazione, nell’ottica di una più complessiva trasformazione dell’annullamento d’ufficio in un nuovo istituto ibrido, rispondente alla funzione di alternative dispute risolution system o, se si vuole, di ricorso gerarchico. Per le stesse ragioni, l’istituto dovrebbe perdere il carattere ampiamente discrezionale, in favore di una vincolatezza totale o parziale. Questo secondo “fronte di attacco” alla ricostruzione tradizionale intende offrire soluzione al venir meno del sistema dei controlli di legalità sull’azione amministrativa.
Lo studio ha sottoposto a verifica entrambi i filoni evolutivi richiamati, discostandosi dal secondo e, pur accogliendo parte delle argomentazioni ad esso sottostanti, anche dal primo.
Quanto alla teoria dell’esauribilità del potere amministrativo, oggetto della prima linea evolutiva, si è ritenuto di condividere le considerazioni circa la tutela dell’affidamento degli interessati e della stabilità dei rapporti giuridici. È parsa tuttavia meglio rispondente alle categorie generali e alle esigenze del sistema (anche sulla base di una visione del diritto amministrativo quale “diritto dei terzi”, per natura volto alla tutela dell’interesse generale e non solo dell’interesse privato particolare coinvolto dall’esercizio del potere) la conservazione della tradizionale inesauribilità del potere, seppur assai mitigata, nella pratica, con riferimento all’esercizio dei poteri di ritiro degli atti favorevoli ai privati il cui affidamento sia concretamente meritevole di tutela.
La natura discrezionale dell’annullamento d’ufficio (e della revoca), sottoposta a critica dalla seconda linea evolutiva, viene difesa sia sul piano del diritto positivo e pretorio (attraverso la riconduzione dei principali casi di annullamento c.d. doveroso al modello generale), sia sul piano delle categorie generali, a partire dalla natura dei poteri coinvolti e dall’analisi delle posizioni giuridiche dei soggetti interessati dai procedimenti di secondo grado.<br>The thesis focuses on the Italian system of so called autoprotection or selfprotection. This expression refers to the powers of public administration to revoke its own acts when deemed necessary to repair a vice of legitimacy or a vice of opportunity, without being bind to resort to the courts.
Given the aim of this powers – the same of first grade powers plus a semi-judicial one – they are usually meant by judges and scholars as “widely discretionary”. Furthermore, it has always been believed that the choice to activate the correspondent proceeding is totally free for public administration; consequently, a demand of interested parties does not make binding the start of the procedure, opposite to what happens with administrative appeal proceedings.
In recent years ECJ, ECHR and national case law has emboldened the limits to selfredress, making clear that legitimate expectations and the public interest to legal certainty must be taken into consideration and given sufficient protection. Lately, also the Legislator followed, making the annulment and the revocation harder to be put in effect when the first act is favorable to the addressed subject. In such cases, the revocation cannot be ordered for a mere reconsideration of already known circumstances (ius poenitendi) but only if new ones show up. At the same time, ex officio annulment is precluded after 18 months from the issuing of the first act, instead of the previous general limit of a “reasonable time”.
On the other hand, the case law has apparently pointed out some hypothesis of mandatory annulment, such as for “anticomunitarian acts” and cost-producing acts.
Based on these two orientation, some scholars suggested a global rethinking of the self-protection, its bases and its rules.
The study analyzes the case law and the latest legislative reforms, proving that no mandatory annulment exists in the Italian legal system. Therefore, nor the ECJ principle of equivalence nor other principles require that selfredress become generally obliged.
The thesis also aims to prove that selfprotection remains a discretionary power, in order to ensure that the contrasting needs (the rule of law on the one hand, and the legal certainty and legitimate expectation on the other hand) can be properly balanced in every decision, according to the Constitutional provision of article 97, which requires that both impartiality and good administration are pursued.
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Tramarin, Sara. "La tutela giudiziale e stragiudiziale del consumatore nel diritto dell’Unione europea." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA007/document.
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Le travail réalisé a pris en considération en premier lieu le droit international privé de l'UE, puis des aspects plus à proprement parler de « droit international procédural », en se concrétisant par une « systémisation » et une cartographie des voies de recours proposées au consommateur par le droit européen pour les litiges transfrontaliers. La première partie, concernant la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux du consommateur et le tribunal compétent dans le droit international privé de l'Union européenne, permit d'identifier les problématiques de droit international privé sous-jacentes aux contrats et aux litiges internationaux en matière de consommation, qui sont exacerbées dans le domaine du commerce électronique. La thèse traite deuxièmement la protection du consommateur par l'assouplissement et la simplification des procédures ordinaires et la protection du consommateur par des procédures collectives transfrontalières. Enfin, la thèse concerne la protection du consommateur par les procédures alternatives au contentieux ordinaire<br>The thesis analyzes, under various aspects related to private international law and international civil procedure of the European Union, the status of the protection offered to the European consumers in their international contracts, in particular in relation to the objectives and in the context of the single market. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with consumer protection in the international private law of European Union (regulation (UE) 1215/2012 and regulation (CE) 593/2008). The second chapter deals with the protection offered to consumers by european international civil procedure with reference to individual and collective litigations. The third chapter deals with alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and with on-line dispute resolution (ODR) and analyzes EU directive 2013/11/UE and regulation (EU) 524/2013<br>La tesi analizza, sotto vari aspetti relativi al diritto internazionale privato e processuale dell’Unione Europea, lo stato della protezione offerta al consumatore europeo nei contratti e nelle controversie internazionali, con uno specifico riguardo alle tutele di carattere processuale e giurisdizionale. La tesi si articola in tre capitoli, che investono gli ambiti in cui tale tutela può esplicarsi, ovvero, l’individuazione di un foro e di una legge applicabile favorevoli agli interessi del consumatore, la semplificazione delle regole di procedura nelle controversie individuali internazionali, la possibilità di dare luogo a procedimenti transfrontalieri collettivi e la creazione di un sistema efficace di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali in via stragiudiziale anche on-line. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce dapprima il sistema di diritto internazionale privatodell'Unione europea in materia di contratti di consumo, dando conto del contesto politico ed economico in cui si inserisce ed alla cui luce devono esserne letti gli obiettivi. Vengono quindi individuati i principi e gli obiettivi che fondano le norme di diritto internazionale privato in materia di contratti internazionali del consumatore, le quali si caratterizzano per l’essere ispirate a finalità materiali, ovvero, volte a permettere di individuare un foro competente ed una legge applicabile che siano in grado di bilanciare tra loro le esigenze dei consumatori e degli operatori del mercato, con la conseguenza di favorire l’esplicarsi degli scambi commerciali e della concorrenza nel mercato unico. Ciò avviene garantendo al consumatore l’applicazione della legge e la competenza del foro a lui più prossimi, ovvero quelli del suo paese di residenza abituale (la cui coincidenza permette peraltro una riduzione dei costi delle liti transfrontaliere) e la prevedibilità delle soluzioni agli operatori del mercato.Il capitolo traccia quindi lo sviluppo normativo e giurisprudenziale delle norme di diritto internazionale privato europee in materia di contratti del consumatore, prendendo in particolare in considerazione le più recenti sentenze della Corte di Giustizia che, dal 2010 ad oggi, hanno ridefinito l’ambito di applicazione delle norme contenute nel regolamento (CE) 44/2001 (Bruxelles I), oggi rifuso nel regolamento (UE) 1215/2012 (Bruxelles I-bis), e nel regolamento (CE) 593/2008 (Roma I), insistendo sulla definizione del concetto, volutamente aleatorio, di “attività diretta” e sul suo ruolo di preminenza nel connettere la fattispecie contrattuale allo Stato della residenza del consumatore per permetterne la competenza dei giudici e l’applicabilità della relativa legge. Viene svolta infine una analisi critica sull’interpretazione fornita dalla Corte di Giustizia che rischia, nel concreto, di rendere le norme in oggetto applicabili in maniera variabile dai giudici nazionali, garantendo alle volte una tutela troppo estesa o troppo ristretta al consumatore, senza riguardo per l’esigenza di certezza giuridica degli operatori del mercato
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Ghandour, Bertille. "Le traitement judiciaire des entreprises en difficulté." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20025.
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Traditionnellement, le droit des entreprises en difficulté recourt à l’autorité judiciaire pour la mise en oeuvre de ses dispositions et la réalisation de ses finalités. Toutefois, considérant l’évolution de ce droit, le traitement « tout judiciaire » des difficultés des entreprises est remis en cause. En effet, il ne s’agit plus seulement de sanctionner, mais davantage de prévenir les difficultés et de sauvegarder les entreprises, ce qui dénature l’office juridictionnel. De plus, les commerçants ne sont plus les seuls concernés par ce droit, ce qui aboutit à l’éclatement de la compétence juridictionnelle. Il y aurait lieu d’envisager d’autres modes de traitement. Prenant en compte l’existence d’un traitement administratif, connu du surendettement, mais, aussi, des entreprises, et favorisant le règlement alternatif des difficultés, une autre voie peut être proposée pour la prise en charge de l’impossibilité économique d’exécuter. La légitimité du juge, dont les interventions seraient recentrées et la compétence spécialisée, en ressortirait renforcée pour le traitement des entreprises en difficulté<br>Traditionally, insolvency law appeals to the judicial authority to apply its provisions and to carry out its aims. However, regarding the evolution of this law, the exclusive judicial treatment of the difficulties is challenged. Indeed, it is no longer only to punish but more to prevent difficulties and safeguard businesses, which distorts the judicial office of the judge. In addition, traders are not the only ones affected by this law, leading to the outbreak of jurisdiction. Subsequently, there is a need to consider other modes of treatment. Taking into account the existence of an administrative process, known by over-indebtedness, but also by businesses, and promoting alternative dispute resolution of difficulties, another path can be proposed for the management of the economic impossibility of performance. The legitimacy of the judge, whose interventions would be refocused and skills specialised, would be strengthened in relation to the treatment of undertakings facing difficulties
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Travaini, Grégory. "De l’influence des puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest : la culture juridique « africaine »." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020088.
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Cette thèse doctorale a pour objet l’étude et en particulier l’influence qu’a pu avoir, et qu’ont toujours, les puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest et ainsi déterminer s'il existe une culture juridique « africaine »<br>This thesis is devoted to the study the influence of the European powers on past and present dispute resolution in West African legal systems and thereby to determine whether an "African legal culture" exists
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WU, CHENG-CHAN, and 吳政展. "A Study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of Medical Dispute." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f3rvr5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>107<br>Due to the advent of the era of technology and knowledge explosion, the people's civilized diseases are also complicated, so the quality requirements for medical care are even more important to the public. However, people's own rights and interests and the rapid dissemination of the media have made the number of medical disputes increase faster than in the past.
Medical disputes are easy to produce when unexpected medical outcomes occur. The current situation of medical disputes in Taiwan has increased the number of litigation cases year by year, mostly in the criminal litigation combined with civil compensation and the low rate of successful cases. The victim was not satisfied, the defendant’s doctor was deeply troubled, and the court could not carry too many cases. The society was full of distrust of medical care. In the face of medical disputes, from medical injury compensation, litigation processing to litigation. Compared with the litigation procedure, the litigation mode has the advantages of low cost, time saving, high success rate and avoiding conflict sharpening.
Therefore, this study begins with an overview of the current medical dispute treatment system, analyzes the reasons for the increase in medical corrections in Taiwan, and analyzes the foreign medical treatment model, and then summarizes the domestic medical treatment model, including reconciliation, mediation, and arbitration, etc.. Besides this research then discuss the relevant cases of medical treatment, and make recommendations on the draft of the "Medical Malpractice Prevention and Dispute Treatment Law" introduced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Finally this study summarizes the above, hoping to establish a domestic alternative dispute resolution treatment model with settlement, mediation and arbitration system as the center, and to create a safe and harmonious medical environment for doctors, patients, politics, and judicature.
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Bushe, Bernard. "The efficacy of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in labour dispute resolution : a critical comparative analysis of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26223.
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This Master of Laws dissertation is a treatise of “The efficacy of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in labour disputes: a critical comparative analysis of Botswana, South Africa (RSA) and Zimbabwe.” Alternative Dispute Resolution hereinafter referred to as (“ADR”) has attracted so much research ado worldwide with policy makers alive to its possibilities in so far as it ought to shed off the burden of the courts in handling disputes. Courts are considered inundated with unresolved cases taking many years to finalise. ADR is therefore touted, not only the panacea, but the cheaper, efficient and effective alternative to normal court process. This study was saddled with the common challenges of definition, scope and methodology as does most scientific studies, especially to locate the concept ADR in the plethora of views from prominent exponent-s of the discipline. This study labored on the considered view that ADR is essentially an ‘out of court settlement approach to dispensing with disputes involving an attempt by disputants to rope in an impartial third party to aid finality to the respective wrangle. The lack of a methodological approach to treat this subject matter, made this study more challenging. The study had to therefore rely on a hypothetical model developed after gleaning through various scholarly views 1 that sought to treat the subject of ADR efficacy in labour dispute resolution. The study contented with the strongly held view 2 that ADR is an efficacious approach in resolving disputes outside the court system. As to whether this was the case in Botswana, RSA and Zimbabwe in so far as labour dispute resolution is concerned was the major challenge this study was seized with? A model was formulated which envisaged that efficaciousness of ADR may be achieved if three conditions or criteria are present within a jurisdiction, namely (1) ADR Background Conditions that comprise (a) adequate legislative and political support; (b) Supportive institutional and cultural norms, (c) adequate and competent manpower, (d) sufficient funding support, and (e) power-parity of disputants; (2) ADR Program Design comprising of (a) Planning and preparation and (b) Operations and implementation and finally (3) ADR Measures (a) Client satisfaction; (b) Time efficient; (c) Cost saving and (d) Settlement & enforcement. This study measured the situations obtaining in the three countries using these three-pronged criteria. In all three measures3 this study found that although all the three countries still have a long way before their ADR became as efficacious as would be reasonably possible, RSA has made many strides such as legislative enactments immediately upon attaining independence that sought to address the injustices of the past and thereby installing structures for enforcing industrial democracy 4, while Botswana and Zimbabwe took 5 years 5 and over 10 years 6 respectively after attaining independence. RSA established an independent body for dispensing with labour dispute settlement7 while Botswana8 and Zimbabwe 9 are still reluctant to do so, relying rather on their labour ministries often marinated in bureaucratic bottlenecks hence stalling efficacy of ADR. While RSA makes effort to provide adequate and competent manpower because of sufficient funding, Botswana and Zimbabwe still struggle to dispense with disputes under their labour departments who are either inadequately skilled or also accused of favouritism in the case of Zimbabwe.10 All the three countries are regarded as unequal societies which tends to sway the power-parity of disputants with capitalists still wielding unbridled powers in dispute outcomes. South Africa enacted section 143 to the Labour Relations Act 11 which empowers the Director of CCMA to certify an arbitral award, giving it the same force as an order of the Magistrate Court. This has cut off the time and administrative burden of having to register an arbitral award with the court so as to obtain writs of executions and enforce it, a practice which is still prevalent in Zimbabwe. The Department of Labour in South Africa has made funding available to the CCMA to assist employees who are not in a financial position to enforce awards in their favour.12 The funding is aimed at employees who are too indigent to afford the costs of enforcement.13 These employees are deemed to be: (a) Employees who earn below the earnings threshold (currently at R205 433.30 per annum) – proof of income will be required by the CCMA. There is no record regarding enforcement or ease of enforcement of ADR outcomes in Botswana and Zimbabwe or at least this study is aware of. The governments of Botswana and Zimbabwe have been accused of using a heavy hand in determining wages, the right to strike and often curtailing union power through declaring certain sectors essential services. RSA’s Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration hereinafter after referred to as (the “CCMA”)14 runs an electronic system of case management by which cases are screened and assigned commissioners whereas Zimbabwe and Botswana still rely on manual systems often inefficiently managed especially when it comes to allocating matters to ADR interventionists.15 In Zimbabwe the challenge of resources is acute often the Labour Officers lacking a simple photocopier and postage stamps to dispense with administration of disputes. This dissertation found that Botswana and Zimbabwe lack publicly available information from which to infer the efficaciousness of ADR practices therein. Measuring client satisfaction, efficiency and cost effectiveness, enforcement and settlement has not been tackled with ease, which was different when it came to RSA. This study argues that RSA’s ADR is efficacious rated at 75% attainment of settlement of disputes, despite accusations of failing to offer disputants options and job retention at the end of ADR intervention. Botswana and Zimbabwe on the measures raised above are not yet close to achieving efficaciousness based on the above criteria. The challenges need to be addressed to ensure that in all three measures ADR affords Botswana, RSA and Zimbabwe disputants a cheaper, efficient and effective alternative to dispensing with labour disputes. This study concluded with recommendations arising from the three measures ADR Background Conditions; ADR Program Design and (3) ADR Measures could be implemented towards achieving an efficacious ADR regime for the three countries and beyond.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LL.M.
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LEE, YUN-CHEN, and 李昀蓁. "The Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of Medical Disputes - Take Oregon’s Early Discussion and Resolution Program as Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dtvwn4.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>105<br>The advancement of technologies never halts; therefore, in the present, one will naturally possess plenty of higher expectations towards medical quality and skills. however, one cannot sell the cow and still wants to drink the milk.
The improvement of medical technology brings benefits to our health and the means to deal with sickness. nevertheless, patients are then simultaneously exposed to more and newer medical risks. In addition, under the newer and higher medical risks, one becomes more concerned about his own rights and thus gave rise to the numbers of medical dispute cases. It is definitely uplifting in learning that people understand the importance of defending their own rights. But, we shall not neglect the opposite aspect which is that the number of professional medical personnel drops due to rising medical disputes and those also contributes to the rise of defensive medical treatment.
The aim of offering medical treatment is to relieve either the life in danger or the jeopardy towards health. However, the medical treatment itself is full of risks, plus, medical treatment is packed with infringement, particularity, and unpredictability. Therefore, the professional medical personnel bearing all these risks will not only work under such pressure but might also become a common participant of medical litigations. What's more, the medical personnel might take the position as a defendant or even a witness for a medical dispute. The point is, medical litigations often take up plenty of time and builds pressure upon the medical personnel and thus become exhausted.
Therefore, the pressure from both occupation and medical disputes is very likely to influence the performance of a medical personnel, and thus lead to even more medical disputes.
Nevertheless, is the mutual antagonistic judicial process the only means to end a dispute? The US, being a country of medical development excellence has long been concerned about the negative impacts that medical litigation on the medical environment. Thus, they would try various types of Alternative Dispute Resolutions and thus analyze the advantage and disadvantages of distinct solutions trying to mend the flaws in them, hoping to come up with a set of solutions that can profoundly give an end to the troublesome long-term Alternative Dispute Resolutions. So that a medical dispute could be settled peacefully before brought in front of judicial proceedings.
Oregon of the United States is the first ever state to use the structural ADR system as its legislative base. The state formulated and passed a "statewide" "Resolution of Adverse Health Incident Act' and "Communication and Resolution Program, CRP." The Act leads the "Oregon Patient Safety Commission, OPSC" to create and to stay in charge of the "Early Discussion and Resolution Program, EDR program." The program offers the orderly disclosure and discussion to mediation. Once a medical dispute takes place, it is hoped to be dealt with via orderly procedure, confidential yet open communicative mode in order to settle medical malpractice and thus retrieve reasonable compensations without the use of court litigation.
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Hebká, Zuzana. "Mimosoudní řešení sporů v mezinárodním obchodním styku." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338247.
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This thesis deals with out-of-court dispute resolution within international business transactions. Its goal is an analysis of those methods of dispute resolution that may be encountered both in practice and specialized literature and determination of their basic characteristics that allow comparison. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first two chapters are of general nature and specify the content of the given topic. The third chapter establishes the framework of relevant law and the subsequent chapters are concerned with the online dispute resolution with the help of modern technology. The first chapter is composed of three parts. The first part defines the notions of out-of-court dispute resolution and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and explains the relation between those two notions that are not considered synonymous. The second part describes the common features of the out-of-court dispute resolution methods. To the contrary, the third part points out the differences between them and groups the particular methods based on various criteria. The second chapter defines the international business transactions and focuses on international or foreign element and its determination. The third chapter provides an overview of the legal framework relevant to the topic. In its four parts...
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Faris, J. A. "An analysis of the theory and principles of alternative dispute resolution." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16772.
Full textAbstract:
The system of Alternative Dispute Resolution, commonly known as ADR, comprises
multiple informal processes. Traditional processes of negotiation, mediation and
arbitration are primary processes within the system of ADR. The elements of the primary
processes have been combined with one another or with those of public process to form
hybrid ADR processes original only to the system of ADR. These hybrid processes are:
rent-a-judge, the mini-trial, the summary jury trial, neutral evaluation and
mediation/arbitration. Under the auspices of ADR, derivative processes have also been
developed, such as expedited arbitration, documents-only arbitration, final-offer
arbitration and quality arbitration.
Each process is distinct and separate, having its own unique form, function and method
of transforming a dispute. Outwardly, this represents a diverse collection of disjunctive
processes. Yet an introspective analysis shows that there is an innate centrality that
originates in core principles that bind individual processes to each other and to a unified
body of theory. These foundational principles of ADR are replicated in each of its
processes. In these terms, ADR is therefore conceptualised as a pluralistic system of
dispute resolution that consists of autonomous and individual systems of process that
conform to a central body of general theory and consensual principles.
As a method of extracting the fundamental principles of ADR, the discontinuities and
continuities between the theory and principles of civil procedure, as a unitary system .of
procedure, and ADR processes are explored. However, in its conclusions, the thesis
rejects the premises of a unitary system of procedure as forming the basis for the theory
and principles of ADR. Instead, the contrary notion is advanced that ADR is an
independent system of dispute resolution which is based on a theory of processual
pluralism and supported by cogent processual principles.<br>Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law<br>LL.D.
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Zingsheim, Nicole Brigitte. "ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) nach japanischem Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beilegung ziviler Streitigkeiten über Umweltverschmutzung /." 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/379644142.pdf.
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