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Journal articles on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"
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Wood, T. "Interpretation of Laboratory-Scale Waste Stabilization Pond Studies." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 12 (1987): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0146.
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The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate mathematical model when analyzing the data from laboratory-scale studies of waste stabilization ponds. Two case studies are presented based on work by Thirumurthi and Nashashibi (1967) and Uhlmann et al (1983), both using semicontinuous methods of experimentation involving the addition of discrete volumes of feed at regular intervals. In both cases the authors have used mathematical models of continuous processes to analyse their results. This paper shows how semicontinuous models can be used in both studies, leading to significant differences in interpretation of the data; in the first case study this relates to the determination of rate constants and, in the second case study, to the determination of an appropriate model to describe hydraulic mixing. Each case study concludes with a discussion of the significance of the semicontinuous interpretation in the context of waste stabilization pond design.
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Kalker, T. J. J., J. A. W. Maas, and R. R. Zwaag. "Transfer and acceptance of UASB technology for domestic wastewater: two case studies." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (1999): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0242.
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The non-technical factors that played a role in the transfer and acceptance of the UASB technology for domestic wastewater are identified and discussed for two case studies. In Cali, Colombia, a full scale plant was implemented in a residential area within the framework of a relatively small project. The fact that in the early developing stage of the technology a large amount of UASB reactors were realized in an uncontrolled way, affected the acceptance of the technology negatively, as did also the odour problem that arose at the demonstration plant. In India, where the UASB technology was introduced in the framework of a large governmental environmental programme with a considerable amount of technical support, this technology is at present broadly accepted. Therefore, involvement of policy makers and strengthening of human resources by intensive technical support are considered important factors when transferring technology. For a further dissemination of the technology, appropriate lending practices of financial agencies are considered as crucial as well as providing the institutional requirements to realize revenue collection.
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D'Arcy, B. J., R. B. Todd, and A. W. Wither. "Industrial effluent control and waste minimisation: case studies by UK regulators." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0668.
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Most current discussion on the techniques for effluent control emphasise the sophisticated approach most appropriate to advanced industrial operations in prosperous environments. This paper aims to demonstrate that a more basic approach still has a valuable role to play. A series of case studies from the United Kingdom examine how the application of simple techniques were able to provide significant environmental benefits at minimal net cost to the discharger. The examples ranged from raw materials recovery and waste recycling, to lateral thinking and the development of non polluting processes. The consequent reductions in effluent load to receiving waters have been found to be highly significant for the environment.
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Fonade, C., J. L. Rols, G. Goma, N. Doubrovine, M. Bermejo, and J. P. Grasa. "Improvement of industrial wastewater treatment by aerated lagoon: case studies." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (2000): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0514.
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This paper deals with the aerobic biological treatment of industrial wastewaters by aerated lagoons, when high flowrates are involved. A methodology is developed which gives the best fit between the biological reactions and the ideal hydrodynamic behaviour of the lagoon. This analysis, based on the real kinetics of the degradation process, leads to the minimum volume and the ideal behaviour of the lagoon needed to reach the degree of conversion required to respect the discharge regulations. Because the flow field of a lagoon is of “shallow waters” type, appropriate technologies have been designed in order to achieve the mixing (by fluidic deviator) and the aeration (by hydroejector) in such a lagoon. Some applications of these methodologies and technologies to industrial problems in the chemical industry (pulp and paper) and food industry (sugar) are presented. This original approach is suitable for modifying existing aerated lagoons, or for upgrading natural lagoons to aerated lagoons, to successfully meet the new legislation on effluent quality.
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Masciandaro, G., R. Iannelli, M. Chiarugi, and E. Peruzzi. "Reed bed systems for sludge treatment: case studies in Italy." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (2015): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.309.
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In recent years, reed bed systems (RBSs) have been widely considered as a valid technology for sludge treatment. In this study are presented results about sludge stabilization occurring within beds in four RBSs, situated in Tuscany (Italy). The results showed that stabilization of the sludge over time occurred in all RBSs, as shown by the low content of water-soluble carbon and dehydrogenase activity, which measures indirectly the overall microbial metabolism, and by the re-synthesis of humic-like matter highlighted by the pyrolytic indices of mineralization and humification. Results about heavy metal fractionation, an appropriate technique to estimate the heavy metal bioavailability and sludge biotoxicity, showed that the process of sludge stabilization occurring in RBSs retains metals in fractions related to the stabilized organic matter, making metals less bioavailable. Moreover, the concentrations of various toxic organic compounds were below the limit of concentration suggested by the European Union's Working Document on Sludge, for land application. The effectiveness of the stabilization processes in RBs was hence clearly proven by the results that measured mineralization and humification processes, and by the low levels of bioavailable heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in stabilized sludges.
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Ritchie, William, Dusty Williamson, John Ni, Ali Shahzad, and George Young. "Eastern Truss Company: the technology adoption decision." CASE Journal 11, no. 3 (2015): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2014-0044.
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Synopsis Located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, Eastern Truss Company produced trusses used in construction of both large warehouses and custom homes. This case presents the student with the opportunity to analyze the critical factors associated with the decision of whether Eastern should adopt a new production technology and whether cash flows from reduction of temporary workers will cover adoption coasts. The student must evaluate the decision to adopt the production technology through the lens of operations management tools. This case is appropriate for undergraduate business studies in the field of operations management. Research methodology Case study. Relevant courses and levels Undergraduate operations management.
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Santoni, Paul-Antoine, Jean-Baptiste Filippi, Jacques-Henri Balbi, and Frédéric Bosseur. "Wildland Fire Behaviour Case Studies and Fuel Models for Landscape-Scale Fire Modeling." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/613424.
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This work presents the extension of a physical model for the spreading of surface fire at landscape scale. In previous work, the model was validated at laboratory scale for fire spreading across litters. The model was then modified to consider the structure of actual vegetation and was included in the wildland fire calculation system Forefire that allows converting the two-dimensional model of fire spread to three dimensions, taking into account spatial information. Two wildland fire behavior case studies were elaborated and used as a basis to test the simulator. Both fires were reconstructed, paying attention to the vegetation mapping, fire history, and meteorological data. The local calibration of the simulator required the development of appropriate fuel models for shrubland vegetation (maquis) for use with the model of fire spread. This study showed the capabilities of the simulator during the typical drought season characterizing the Mediterranean climate when most wildfires occur.
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Norman, Heidi. "Exploring Effective Teaching Strategies: Simulation Case Studies and Indigenous Studies at the University Level." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 33 (2004): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600820.
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AbstractThis paper explores teaching strategies for communicating complex issues and ideas to a diverse group of students, with different educational and vocational interests, that encourage them to develop critical thinking, and explores pedagogies appropriate to the multidisciplinary field of Aboriginal studies. These issues will be investigated through discussion of a successful simulation case study, including the setting up, resourcing, conducting and debriefing. The simulated case study was an assessed component of the new elective subject, Reconciliation Studies, offered at the University of Technology Sydney. In 2003 students participated in a role-play based on events in relation to the development of the Hindmarsh Island Bridge. Students were assigned roles as stakeholders where they researched and then role-played, through their assigned characters, the multilayered and complex dimensions of this recent dispute. Students were required to reflect critically on the cultural, economic, legal and political issues that were pertinent to their stakeholder and explore the underlying racial, ethical and moral grounds for their particular standpoint. I argue that teaching strategies such as these can contribute to locating Indigenous Australian perspectives and experiences as critical within the professional profiles and practice skills of Australian university graduates.
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Bamford, David, Paul Forrester, Benjamin Dehe, and Rebecca Georgina Leese. "Partial and iterative Lean implementation: two case studies." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, no. 5 (2015): 702–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-07-2013-0329.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation of lean within two contrasting UK-based organizations; a food manufacturer and a healthcare organization. The different contexts provide insight to the strategic desire for efficiency gains and tactical issues and challenges of lean execution and implementation. Design/methodology/approach – The research questions developed from the review of the literature were tested using evidence from field-based, action research within a food manufacturer and a National Health Service organization. The reported contrasting case studies contribute to the longer term debate on the adoption and adaptation of lean-based “best practice” within organizations. Findings – There are three primary findings: first, that the adoption of lean provides a strategic benefit, as well as providing a basis for a strategy of operational change; second, that partial, as opposed to full, adoption of lean occurs due to external organizational constraints, such as demand patterns, supplier unreliability, little expertise in deploying change programmes, etc.; and third, that a company will balance the adoption of the lean ideology against the financial costs and operational risks incurred in full adoption. Practical implications – The conclusions drawn add substantially to the ongoing commentaries on aspects of lean, and develop interesting questions for future research regards the developed “Cycles of Lean Implementation” concept. Originality/value – The conclusion proposes that partial implementation of the lean philosophy does not necessarily represent a conscious organizational choice, or any lack of conviction, but is representative of external constraints on the organization. This complements previous commentaries on appropriate strategies and develops interesting questions for future research into operational efficiency.
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Janisse, Dennis. "Cavovarus Foot: Conservative Management Techniques/Case Studies." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (2022): 2473011421S0026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00264.
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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: The cavovarus foot is a true challenge for both the patient and the surgeon. This complex deformity can be a result of many different causal factors including genetics, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetes and spina bifida. It may also be caused or worsened by trauma or surgical procedures. The cavovarus foot is difficult to manage conservatively as it tends to be rigid, is not a good shock absorber and causes the joints of the foot to process abnormal stresses. The mechanical construct of a cavus foot makes it susceptible to a multitude of complications and injuries like inversion ankle sprains and metatarsal stress fractures. Methods: While foot orthoses would likely be the most commonly considered conservative treatment option for the symptomatic cavus foot, other modalities like shoe modification, bespoke and/or therapeutic footwear and bracing have also proven effective. Oftentimes, a combination of the aforementioned options is employed. Given the individual complexities of each cavus foot, the conservative treatment plan is typically custom tailored to fit a particular patient's foot structure, biomechanical and corrective needs, and occupational or recreational demands. A so-called 'cookie cutter' approach is not appropriate for management of the cavovarus foot. Results: A review of published research demonstrates that foot orthoses - and other conservative modalities - are effective in the treatment of the cavus foot. These devices work by correcting the varus foot alignment (when applicable), offloading painful areas such as ball of the foot or the base of the fifth metatarsal, providing shock absorption and replacing lost motion. These applications work together to provide a more normal, safer and energy-efficient gait. Conclusion: Conservative management, specifically pedorthics, is not only a viable treatment option for the cavovarus foot but should be considered integral to the overall management of the cavus foot patient. Pedorthic modalities are successfully used post-operatively or in lieu of surgical intervention. Modern pedorthics (technological advances in shoe and orthotic design, construction and materials) allows for cosmetically pleasing, affordable and comfortable management allowing patients to return to a healthy and active lifestyle in many cases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"
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Magoro, Kgopotso Ditshego. "The challenges of rural connectivity: eight case studies of Thusong Service Centres in Mopani District." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17072.
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Thesis (M.M. (ICT Policy and Regulation))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2014.<br>The research aimed to investigate the supply and demand side factors that
enables or hinders the effectiveness of rural connectivity provided through
public access points such as the Thusong Service Centres (TSCs). The lack
of broadband and terrestrial infrastructure is often cited as the main reason
why rural people are not able to participate in the information society. The
status of the Mopani District rural connectivity indicates that the digital divide
is not always due to the lack of infrastructure, but due to the etic approach
towards the deployment of connectivity and the failure to locate rural
connectivity within the broader community development goals. The failure to
understand the user requirements contributes to the misconception that Very
Small Apparatus Terminals (VSAT) satellite technology is an inadequate
solution which must be replaced by fixed broadband. On the other hand, the
failure of the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA)
blueprint indicates the poor level of e-government readiness within the public
service sector. The status of the Mopani TSCs also shows that there is a lack
of accountability, cooperation and collaboration across the three spheres of
government and that there is a misuse of public funds in cases where
connectivity resources are duplicated and not optimally used.
The separation of the public service connectivity from the public connectivity
creates the digital inequality in the targeted communities. The separation has
resulted in connectivity being available to some and not to all, because
accessibility is based on personal relationships. In other cases there is
constructed denied access due to local politics. 16 years later since the
establishment of the Universal Service and Access Agency of South Africa
(USAASA), the South African Community Informatics (CI) sector is struggling
to achieve outputs that produce the desired impact in the targeted
communities.
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Hailegebreal, Tesfaye Demissie. "Effects of pedagogy-based technology on chemistry students' performance in higher education institutions of Ethiopia : a case study of Debre Berhan University." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10351.
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Many students have difficulty of learning abstract and complex topic in chemistry. This study investigated how students develop their understanding of abstract and complex topics of chemistry with the aid of visualizing tools: animation, simulation and video.
A particular focus of this investigation was to assess to what extent the uses of pedagogy based technology (PBT) is effective in learning chemistry. The combined effect of animation, simulation and video clips enable learning by doing and provide opportunity to explore the abstract and complex lessons of chemistry. The research was conducted with sequential embedded mixed research (quasi experimental and Explanatory) case study design. The experiment was carried out with second year chemistry students include 90(14 female and 76 male) students, 12 male chemistry lecturers and the college heads. The students were constituted 45 Control group and 45 Treatment groups. The groups were non-equivalent (convenient samples), suggesting that randomization was not possible as the students were in intact classes.
To apply animation, simulation and video in supporting student-centered learning activities of electrochemistry for second year students flash and micro media player were used. The treatment group was trained for two weeks how to operate and use animation, simulation and video software. Pre and Post tests were administrated to the target groups. The effectiveness of PBT was also evaluated by administrating separate Schedule containing open and closed ended questions.
The comments and ratings obtained from the learners‟ and lecturer insights provided the basis for the learning impact of the study. The result obtained from the
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experiment and responses of the schedule shows that PBT improves the performance of students. Therefore, to make the abstract and complex concepts of chemistry easy and clear Electrochemistry learning should be supported by animation simulation and video.
An extended study may help to understand the multi sensory benefit of Pedagogy-Based-Technology. Thus, a possible extension to this study should cover a variety of universities and should aim at evaluating its effectiveness in various context and subjects‟.<br>Science and Technology Education<br>D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Chemistry Education))
Books on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"
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Marilyn, Carr, ed. Sustainable industrial development: Seven case studies. Intermediate Technology Publications, 1988.
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Gariyo, Zie. Appropriate technology, productivity, and employment in agriculture in Uganda: The case study of the Kibimba and Doho Rice Schemes. Centre for Basic Research, 1991.
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S, Bhalla A., ed. Technology and employment in industry: A case study approach. 3rd ed. International Labour Office, 1985.
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Najmabadi, Farrokh. Developing industrial technology: Lessons for policy and practice. World Bank, 1995.
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S, Bhalla A., Reddy Amulya K. N, International Labour Office, and World Employment Programme, eds. The Technological transformation of rural India. St. Martin's Press, 1994.
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Risk and technology choice in developing countries: The case of Philippine sugar factories. University Press of America, 1985.
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Ry uz o Sat o. Incomplete appropriability of R&D and the role of strategies and cultural factors in international trade: A Japanese case. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.
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Plant scale and manufacturing policies for peripheral regions: An intercultural analysis of Israel, Brazil, and Belgium. Avebury, 1989.
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What machines can't do: Politics and technology in the industrial enterprise. University of California Press, 1994.
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R, Robson, ed. Manual on the choice of industrial technique in developing countries. Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"
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Edge, H. M., and G. S. Saluja. "Appropriate Energy Technology for the Domestic Sector Case Studies in Rural Scotland." In 1989 2nd European Conference on Architecture. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0556-1_139.
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, et al. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.
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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, et al. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.
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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
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Sopadang, Apichat, Sakgasem Ramingwong, Tanyanuparb Anantana, and Krisana Tamvimol. "Implementation Strategies for SME 4.0: Insights on Thailand." In Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70516-9_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents how SMEs or companies can implement Industry 4.0 based on case studies in Thai SMEs. Additionally, the chapter examined implementation strategies to convert a company successfully to SME 4.0. The implementation process includes identifying business trends, foresight strategy, gap analysis, industrial research and capacity development, and technology blueprint development plan. By working closely as the triple helix with universities and tech-development agencies, the inside-out and outside-in approaches are used. There can be several challenges during the implementation, such as the requirement of new skills, new technology, and investment needs. The challenges can be addressed by setup and implement the appropriate strategy for developing workers’ skill sets, making investments in the new technologies, and improving the efficiency of the production process.
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Beverley, Claire, and Manju Thakur. "Plantwise: A Knowledge and Intelligence Tool for Food Security through Crop Protection." In Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57899-2_11.
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AbstractFood security continues to be significantly impacted by a growing world population, changing climate, increasing food prices and environmental burden. One of the key challenges in reducing crop losses due to pests and diseases is timely delivery of appropriate, actionable extension advice to farmers. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to improve services that connect smallholder farmers to new resources and information, helping to build their knowledge and ultimately improve their livelihoods. Such ICT-driven services have seen rapid growth over the past few years, and CABI has been harnessing this technology in several programmes. This chapter provides insight into digital interventions of the global, CABI-led programme, Plantwise, which aims to assist stakeholders in developing countries to improve their plant health systems by strengthening linkages among all actors involved, so that they can prevent and manage pest outbreaks more effectively. An overview of digital interventions piloted and tested under the umbrella of the Plantwise programme is illustrated with selected case studies. Interventions include pest diagnosis and management advice delivered via a website, plant health data collection, using a customized mobile application, and educational simulation games for ongoing support.
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Stausberg, Jürgen, Sonja Harkener, Ekkehart Jenetzky, et al. "FAIR and Quality Assured Data – The Use Case of Trueness." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210850.
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The FAIR Guiding Principles do not address the quality of data and metadata. Therefore, data collections could be FAIR but useless. In a funding initiative of registries for health services research, trueness of data received special attention. Completeness in the definition of recall was selected to represent this dimension in a cross-registry benchmarking. The first analyses of completeness revealed a diversity of its implementation. No registry was able to present results exactly as requested in a guideline on data quality. Two registries switched to a source data verification as alternative, the three others downsized to the dimension integrity. The experiences underline that the achievement of appropriate data quality is a matter of costs and resources, whereas the current Guiding Principles quote for a transparent culture regarding data and metadata. We propose the extension to FAIR-Q, data collections should not only be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, but also quality assured.
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Boudreau, Marie-Claude. "Post-Implementation Use of a Complex Technology." In Qualitative Case Studies on Implementation of Enterprise Wide Systems. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-447-7.ch002.
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This chapter reports on a qualitative research study conducted within a Southeastern U.S. university, which investigated how organizational members appropriated an ERP package over time. A framework suggested by Lassila and Brancheau (1999), which distinguishes different states of software usage, was found to be particularly appropriate in understanding ERP usage. The research, which used a grounded theory methodology supported by the software Atlas.ti®, uncovered different transition patterns of use exhibited by organizational members. Research findings suggest how the practice of informal learning was key in understanding how organizational members transited from one state of use to another.
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Sabermahani, Farveh, Anahita Manafimourkani, Ehsan Bitaraf, et al. "An Easy-to-Use Platform for Reporting COVID-19 Patients by Private Offices and Clinics Without IT Support: A Pilot Study." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220376.
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Background: It is feasible to collect data rapidly and online using IT solutions. Objectives: To present a data collection platform for COVID-19 suspected patients in private offices and clinics without a standard software. Methods: The proposed system for collecting and sharing data of patients with respiratory symptoms was designed to be simple to use, without the need for special technology, and with proper security to authenticate reporters. Results: Two methods were developed to collect data from private physicians and offices. Finally, the data collected by both approaches is integrated and provided to primary healthcare staff to arrange appropriate healthcare measures. Conclusion: Our platform can provide an easy-to-use case reporting system for private physicians.
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Li, Xiaoqiang. "A Deep Learning Program to Predict Acute Kidney Injury." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210868.
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Acute kidney injury is a dangerous and sometime fatal clinical situation, which can cause irreversible damage. If we can predict it earlier and make appropriate prevention before its outbreak, kidney injury could be avoided. One challenge of early recognition of AKI is that the most e-alerts have focused on creatinine-based algorithms, but the elevation of serum creatinine lags behind renal injury. We use recurrent neural network (RNN) to make data mining on laboratory results of MIMIC-III Database. At first, we transfer the case data into Pandas DataFrame of series framed for supervised learning. Then we can use RNN predicts the next serum creatinine values (SCr) based on the last laboratory test results after emergency admissions. We train the RNN on whole dataset (i.e. multi-cases prediction) with LSTM. As the result shown, this prototype can predict criteria (SCr) of AKI with a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 0.017mg/dL.
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Janneck, Monique. "Recontextualising Technology in Appropriation Processes." In Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-264-0.ch011.
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For a technology use to be successful, the circumstance of its introduction into a use context—or recontextualization— is crucial. The users of a technical artifact play an active role in this process: They appropriate the technology, that is, they explore a new technology and choose how to integrate (or not integrate) it into their practices and (work) routines. This chapter discusses a variety of factors that influence technology artifact appropriation. It illustrates the process of recontextualizing technological artifacts, and common pitfalls associated with it, as well as the protagonists doing the appropriation. For empirical illustration, case studies from different use contexts are presented, including some “lessons learned” drawn from them. Concluding, further research perspectives and challenges are discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"
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Singh, Ishaan, Akash Ramesh Pathak, Juhi Kaushik, et al. "Coiled Tubing Dewaxing Operations: Case Studies in Reduced Production Wells of Northeast India." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201017-ms.
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Abstract Executing interventions in wells encrusted with wax is challenging because experience with global coiled tubing (CT) dewaxing operations is limited, and equipment failure and stuck pipe risks are high. With few jobs performed worldwide, CT dewaxing (hot oil circulation with CT) operations are largely unexplored. The deviated wells in a field in northeast India pose several challenges including completely seized wellbore due to paraffin/asphaltene deposition, previous failed well cleanout attempts, very slow and low bottomhole assembly (BHA) penetration, pumping corrosive and flammable low wax crude (LWC) through CT, high chances of CT getting stuck, and pumping heated 69°C LWC through the CT. This case study delivers insights about design, safety, and operational considerations for 1.5-in. CT dewaxing and nitrogen lift operations in a subhydrostatic well in the field. The objective of this CT dewaxing and nitrogen kickoff operation was to clear the well of paraffin/asphaltene/wax to 1600 m and activate it with nitrogen, and this paper describes solutions for cleaning out and nitrogen-lifting wells with declining production due to paraffin and asphaltene deposition. One well is described in this case study, but this approach can be used perform CT intervention in similar wells. For this case, simulations were sensitized to identify the best combination of pumping rates, CT speeds, and fluid temperature to remove deposits hindering BHA penetration. This study proposes prevention measures using appropriate grounding and procedures, which determine if the crude oil can be pumped through CT. By use of this methodology, 581 dewaxing runs have been performed in 78 wells. Extensive on-job experience and lessons learnt by performing this operation over the last 3 years bring excellent results and prevent misruns. In many cases, production has been restored from nil; several examples feature a fivefold improvement of productivity thanks to this intervention method. Optimized operational parameters such as CT speed, pumping rates, and the use of smaller outer diameter BHAs doubled operational efficiency during those operations. In addition, strict application of the recommendations prevented the occurrence of operational problems such as stuck CT, crude oil flashing, sand bridging, and equipment failure.
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Han, Zhilei, Yunjiang Cui, Sainan Xu, and Chao Ma. "Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties for Hydraulic Fracture Design of Weak Sands: A Case Study in Bohai." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32072-ms.
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Abstract In recent years, in order to improve the oil production of unconsolidated sand reservoirs, hydraulic fracture through the screen liner has been carried out in the Bohai oilfield. Traditional hydraulic fracture design methods usually assume the rock is elastic, while the weak sands are often nonlinear elastic rocks. This study investigates how to optimize the mechanical parameters used in the hydraulic fracture design to best approximate the rock elastic properties under in-situ formation conditions, and show how to derive them from well logs. We performed uniaxial strain and triaxial stress compression experiments on five and seven groups of core samples, which were from well P6 and well P8, respectively. Each group of samples had five plugs with similar depth, one of which was designed for the uniaxial strain experiment and the other four for the triaxial stress experiment. Linear regression analyses and extrapolations were carried out for each set of core data to find the proper mechanical parameters for the fracturing design. The quantitative conversion formulas between core analysis and well log-derived results of these moduli were eventually established. The reservoir rocks of P oilfield located in Bohai are relatively weak and have low stiffness. Mechanical experiments show that there is a linear correlation between deformation modulus and effective confining pressure. Core data analyses indicate that constrained modulus provides the best approximation of rock modulus under initial reservoir conditions. And its value is the ratio of stress to strain (from initial linear data) in the uniaxial strain experiment. Therefore, it is recommended to use the constrained modulus as the mechanical parameter in hydraulic fracture design. Meanwhile, there is a strong linear relationship between constrained modulus and Young's modulus, and the former is roughly six times greater than the latter. Combining the conversion between core and well log-derived Young's modulus, it is possible to estimate constrained modulus from well logs. The method proposed in this research was used for the fracturing design of well P45. After fracturing, the daily oil production increased from 399.3 to 2,462.9ft3, and the liquid production increased four times. Based on the studies of rock mechanics laboratory data, we propose that constrained modulus is the appropriate parameter in the hydraulic fracture design of soft sediments. And it has been verified by actual production data. The new method provides a reliable reference for the hydraulic fracture design of weakly consolidated sands in Bohai and other similar oilfields.
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Han, Zhilei, Yunjiang Cui, Sainan Xu, and Chao Ma. "Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties for Hydraulic Fracture Design of Weak Sands: A Case Study in Bohai." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32072-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In recent years, in order to improve the oil production of unconsolidated sand reservoirs, hydraulic fracture through the screen liner has been carried out in the Bohai oilfield. Traditional hydraulic fracture design methods usually assume the rock is elastic, while the weak sands are often nonlinear elastic rocks. This study investigates how to optimize the mechanical parameters used in the hydraulic fracture design to best approximate the rock elastic properties under in-situ formation conditions, and show how to derive them from well logs. We performed uniaxial strain and triaxial stress compression experiments on five and seven groups of core samples, which were from well P6 and well P8, respectively. Each group of samples had five plugs with similar depth, one of which was designed for the uniaxial strain experiment and the other four for the triaxial stress experiment. Linear regression analyses and extrapolations were carried out for each set of core data to find the proper mechanical parameters for the fracturing design. The quantitative conversion formulas between core analysis and well log-derived results of these moduli were eventually established. The reservoir rocks of P oilfield located in Bohai are relatively weak and have low stiffness. Mechanical experiments show that there is a linear correlation between deformation modulus and effective confining pressure. Core data analyses indicate that constrained modulus provides the best approximation of rock modulus under initial reservoir conditions. And its value is the ratio of stress to strain (from initial linear data) in the uniaxial strain experiment. Therefore, it is recommended to use the constrained modulus as the mechanical parameter in hydraulic fracture design. Meanwhile, there is a strong linear relationship between constrained modulus and Young's modulus, and the former is roughly six times greater than the latter. Combining the conversion between core and well log-derived Young's modulus, it is possible to estimate constrained modulus from well logs. The method proposed in this research was used for the fracturing design of well P45. After fracturing, the daily oil production increased from 399.3 to 2,462.9ft3, and the liquid production increased four times. Based on the studies of rock mechanics laboratory data, we propose that constrained modulus is the appropriate parameter in the hydraulic fracture design of soft sediments. And it has been verified by actual production data. The new method provides a reliable reference for the hydraulic fracture design of weakly consolidated sands in Bohai and other similar oilfields.
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Muhammad, Shoaib, Qasim Ashraf, and Umair Ahmed Baig. "Optimization of Mud Cap Design for Tripping Operations and its Application in Challenging HPHT MPD Wells: Case Histories from Pakistan." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31668-ms.
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Abstract Growing reliance and new technologies have significantly optimized the drilling operations; un-drillable wells become drillable now. We strive to increase drilling efficiency, whether managed pressure drilling (MPD) or conventional drilling operations. Designing an MPD operation inherits multiple challenges and requires the evaluation of numerous parameters. These include bottom hole pressure management, tripping, cementing, logging & completion operations. However, this paper only describes how the tripping processes can be optimized using effective mud cap design in very narrow window HP/HT MPD wells. Constant bottom hole MPD (CBH-MPD) is one of the extensively used variants of MPD around the globe. In CBH-MPD, Surface backpressure is the differentiating factor added to keep the bottom hole pressure (BHP) constant in static and dynamic conditions. A close-loop is necessary to attain this control on the annulus pressure with specialized equipment, including effective sealing around the drill string and choking the return flow. The sealing is only effective against the smooth surfaces; hence, one of the most significant challenges in MPD operations arises: having a constant BHP in case of pull out to the surface. If the downhole isolation valve (DIV) is deployed, the well can be shut on it. However, if a DIV is not available, the well can be balanced by designing an effective mud cap keeping the available trip margins. Planning and executing a mud cap for MPD is challenging and can be overlooked in the planning phase. Designing a mud cap is complicated as many factors need to be incorporated. This paper describes, in detail, how these challenges were identified, planned for, and overcome. Multiple parameters were analyzed in sequences for subjected wells to optimize the mud cap weight and spotting depths. These parameters include the available tripping window, bottom hole temperature, circulation pressures, mud additives, mud rheology, surge, and swab pressures. Residing time of the mud cap in the hole is also a key factor considered in the design as it may also disturb the CBH pressure. Other design considerations included rig compatibility and volume handling capacity, equipment limitations downhole and surface, availability of chemicals, and effective rollover plan. The effective mud cap design for these narrow HP/HT wells mentioned in these case studies was an arduous and challenging task. This paper also discusses the aforementioned mud cap design considerations and their effects on selecting an appropriate mud cap. Practical examples are shared from challenging case studies, elaborating the detailed design and execution aspects.
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Chattopadhyay, Ankur, and Arvind Pattamatta. "Estimation of an Appropriate Lattice Structure for Phonon Transport Using Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17188.
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Heat transport at nanoscales departs substantially from the well established classical laws governing the physical processes at continuum level. The Fourier Law of heat conduction cannot be applied at sub-continuum level due to its inability in modeling non-equilibrium energy transport. Therefore one must resort to a rigorous solution to the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) in the realm of nanoscale transport regime. Some recent studies show that a relatively inexpensive and accurate way to predict the behavior of sub continuum energy transport in solids is via the discrete representation of the BTE referred to as the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Although quite a few numerical simulations involving LBM have been exercised in the literature, there has been no clear demonstration of the accuracy of LBM over BTE; also there exists an ambiguity over employing the right lattice configurations describing phonon transport. In the present study, the Lattice Boltzmann Method has been implemented to study phonon transport in miniaturized devices. The initial part of the study focuses upon a detailed comparison of the LBM model with that of BTE for one dimensional heat transfer involving multiple length and time scales. The second objective of the present investigation is to evaluate different lattice structures such as D1Q2, D1Q3, D2Q5, D2Q8, D2Q9 etc. for 1-D and 2-D heat conduction. In order to reduce the modeling complexity, gray model assumption based on Debye approximation is adopted throughout the analysis. Results unveil that the accuracy of solution increases as the number of lattice directions taken into account are incremented from D2Q5 to D2Q9. A substantial increase in solution time with finer directional resolutions necessitates an optimum lattice. A novel lattice dimension ‘Mod D2Q5’ has been suggested and its performance is also compared with its compatriots. It is also demonstrated that the inclusion of the center point within a particular lattice structure can play a significant role in the prediction of thermal conductivity in the continuum level. However, as the size of the device comes down to allow high Knudsen numbers, in the limiting case of ballistic phonon transport, the choice of lattice seems to have negligible effect on thermal conductivity.
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Andersen, Adam J., and Charles Kim. "Principles of Mechanical Design for the Developing World: A Case Study Approach." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48245.
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Designing appropriate technology is becoming more prevalent as engineers have begun to focus more of their attention on the developing world. However, many efforts have failed or been relatively unsuccessful due to design processes that do not focus on sustainability. One author has provided a solid framework by outlining mechanical design basic principles including design for simplicity, analysis of load paths, and use of prototypes. Yet these principles were not presented in a way that makes them applicable to sustainable projects in the developing world. In this paper, these three principles are investigated through two design case studies. The goal was to analyze how well these principles apply to the developing world and whether several hypothesized changes would also be useful. With the principles in mind, a bicycle trailer and taxi were designed for an impoverished community in rural Africa. Based on these designs, it was determined that the three principles analyzed apply to the developing world but should be refocused and presented differently in order to be utilized effectively for sustainability.
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Arellano Ramos, Blanca, and Josep Roca Cladera. "Identifying urban heat island: the Barcelona case." In Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8130.
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There is a large consensus that cities have a special role in the process of climate change. Cities are responsible for 75% of global energy consumption and 80% of GHG emissions, both due to "lifestyle" generated in the last 150 years and changes associated with urbanization process in the era of globalization and urban sprawl. The specialized literature has devoted many efforts to analyze the contribution of urban systems to climate change, occupying the Urban Heat Island (UHI) an important place in studies on urban climate. In this sense, the use of remote sensing technology has allowed detailed mapping of (daytime) land surface temperature (LST) for urban and metropolitan systems. These studies have demonstrated the key role played by vegetation, impervious soil and land uses to explain differences in the spatial distribution of LST. However, the information provided by satellites has important limitations: especially the low resolution of the thermal band of night images. MODIS, for example, provides valuable information on the night LST; however, the spatial resolution of the thermal band is about one km², scale clearly insufficient to identify accurately the spatial structure of the UHI. In the opposite site, Landsat offers a more accepTabla spatial resolution (30 m² / pixel for the visible bands of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as 60 to 100 m² / pixel in the thermal bands), but does not provide information about night soil temperature. In addition, it is at night when the urban heat island becomes more evident. Therefore, to determine the night LST in an appropriate scale (as offered by Landsat) remains a significant challenge in studies aimed at identifying the spatial structure of the UHI.
 In Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB, 3,200 km² and 4.8 million inhabitants), the (day) highest temperatures are not in the CBD but in areas that are more peripheral specialized in economic activity such as industrial parks, producing a "donut" in the spatial distribution of the LST. Bare soil also shows a (day) high surface temperature. In contrast, sprawled areas have a less pronounced LST. The spatial structure of the LST, however, changed significantly during the night: compact and sprawl areas maintain high levels of heat, facing the agricultural soil, which cools more sharply as also happens in the industrial land. UHI appears therefore overnight.
 This paper aims to show the spatial patterns of Urban Heat Island in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona at medium scale (30 m² / pixel). It develops a new methodology aimed at modeling the night temperature at one km² resolution (MODIS) and then extrapolating this methodology to a most accurate scale of 30 m² / pixel (Landsat). The study allows identifying differences in (night) LST according to the distribution of land use, quantity and quality of the vegetation, intensity of urban sprawl, spatial distribution of economic activity and type of urban morphology (continuous vs. scattered urbanization).
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Lim, Sirirat Sae, Ken Platts, and Tim Minshall. "An exploratory study on manufacturing strategy formulation in start-up companies." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268580626.
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In the UK, as more traditional manufacturing is outsourced to lower-cost countries, the development of new high-tech manufacturing firms is increasingly perceived as important for sustaining a competitive UK manufacturing base. Early in their lifecycle, start-ups are vulnerable and prone to failure. Mistakes made in critical decisions regarding entry into manufacturing can significantly impact the survival of the firm. Developing the most appropriate strategy is probably more critical in start-up companies than in established organizations, yet little research has addressed this area. This paper reports research into the development of manufacturing strategy in start-up companies. The paper first reviews the literature and then presents findings from nine case studies of start-up companies, showing the nature and timing of the key strategic decisions that were taken, and examining the issues and problems encountered. Using the results from the cases, and the concepts of development tasks and strategic decision areas taken from the literature, a conceptual framework for strategy formulation in such companies is developed. The paper concludes by discussing the use of the framework, and suggesting how it might be operationalised to provide assistance to operational managers in start-up companies.
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Nobbs, Benjamin, Christophe Plee, and Ngoc-Ha Dao. "Stiff String Torque and Drag: Choosing a Realistic Tortuosity Model." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209846-ms.
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Abstract Selection of the correct tortuosity model is critical when performing a pre-planning stiff string torque and drag analysis. Various tortuosity models exist in the literature however selection and calibration can be complicated. This paper presents a methodology to aid in selecting an appropriate tortuosity model as well as real case studies. The goal is to apply a suitable tortuosity to a planned trajectory that will mimic the expected tortuosity along the wellbore. Depending on the directional drilling driving system employed, the trajectory can be smooth or very tortuous with significant additional local doglegs. Overall, the effect of standard tortuosity models on a run-in-hole (RIH) analysis using a stiff string torque and drag model will be investigated. Industry standard tortuosity models such as sinusoidal, random, random with dependent azimuth and helical will be investigated to help identify when they are appropriate depending on the directional driving system employed. In today's high-cost and complex 3D wells, simulations using smooth planned trajectories together with conventional soft-string torque and drag models have shown its limits in anticipating bottom hole assembly (BHA), casing or completion strings lock-up events. Hence, new methodology shall be introduced to better predict field observations. This methodology shows that the applicable tortuosity model may change depending on the directional driving system used. The drilled path or a motor, with a slide-rotate pattern, may be significantly different to that of the cyclical path drilled by a rotary steerable system (RSS). The case study shows that the additional tortuosity that was generated by the directional driving system had a significant effect on predicted hookload margin as well as elevated forces and stresses along the liner. The stiff string torque and drag and buckling model can analytically calculate the contact points which may vary significantly, both axially and radially, in a tortuous wellbore. Ultimately the selection and calibration of an applicable tortuosity model is necessary when performing a robust stiff string torque and drag analysis. This ability to correctly apply a tortuosity model in preplanning reduces the risk of BHA, casing and/or completion strings getting stuck or locked-up when running in hole, paving the way for a reduction in non-productive time (NPT) and loss of equipment.
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Helu, Moneer, and Brian Weiss. "The Current State of Sensing, Health Management, and Control for Small-to-Medium-Sized Manufacturers." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8783.
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The development of digital technologies for manufacturing has been challenged by the difficulty of navigating the breadth of new technologies available to industry. This difficulty is compounded by technologies developed without a good understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the manufacturing environment, especially within small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper describes industrial case studies conducted to identify the needs, priorities, and constraints of manufacturing SMEs in the areas of performance measurement, condition monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis. These case studies focused on contract and original equipment manufacturers with less than 500 employees from several industrial sectors. Solution and equipment providers and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) centers were also included. Each case study involved discussions with key shop-floor personnel as well as site visits with some participants. The case studies highlight SME’s strong need for access to appropriate data to better understand and plan manufacturing operations. They also help define industrially-relevant use cases in several areas of manufacturing operations, including scheduling support, maintenance planning, resource budgeting, and workforce augmentation.