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Journal articles on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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Wood, T. "Interpretation of Laboratory-Scale Waste Stabilization Pond Studies." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 12 (1987): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0146.

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The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate mathematical model when analyzing the data from laboratory-scale studies of waste stabilization ponds. Two case studies are presented based on work by Thirumurthi and Nashashibi (1967) and Uhlmann et al (1983), both using semicontinuous methods of experimentation involving the addition of discrete volumes of feed at regular intervals. In both cases the authors have used mathematical models of continuous processes to analyse their results. This paper shows how semicontinuous models can be used in both studie
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Kalker, T. J. J., J. A. W. Maas, and R. R. Zwaag. "Transfer and acceptance of UASB technology for domestic wastewater: two case studies." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (1999): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0242.

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The non-technical factors that played a role in the transfer and acceptance of the UASB technology for domestic wastewater are identified and discussed for two case studies. In Cali, Colombia, a full scale plant was implemented in a residential area within the framework of a relatively small project. The fact that in the early developing stage of the technology a large amount of UASB reactors were realized in an uncontrolled way, affected the acceptance of the technology negatively, as did also the odour problem that arose at the demonstration plant. In India, where the UASB technology was int
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Ritchie, William, Dusty Williamson, John Ni, Ali Shahzad, and George Young. "Eastern Truss Company: the technology adoption decision." CASE Journal 11, no. 3 (2015): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2014-0044.

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Synopsis Located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, Eastern Truss Company produced trusses used in construction of both large warehouses and custom homes. This case presents the student with the opportunity to analyze the critical factors associated with the decision of whether Eastern should adopt a new production technology and whether cash flows from reduction of temporary workers will cover adoption coasts. The student must evaluate the decision to adopt the production technology through the lens of operations management tools. This case is appropriate for undergraduate busin
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D'Arcy, B. J., R. B. Todd, and A. W. Wither. "Industrial effluent control and waste minimisation: case studies by UK regulators." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0668.

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Most current discussion on the techniques for effluent control emphasise the sophisticated approach most appropriate to advanced industrial operations in prosperous environments. This paper aims to demonstrate that a more basic approach still has a valuable role to play. A series of case studies from the United Kingdom examine how the application of simple techniques were able to provide significant environmental benefits at minimal net cost to the discharger. The examples ranged from raw materials recovery and waste recycling, to lateral thinking and the development of non polluting processes
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Fonade, C., J. L. Rols, G. Goma, N. Doubrovine, M. Bermejo, and J. P. Grasa. "Improvement of industrial wastewater treatment by aerated lagoon: case studies." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (2000): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0514.

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This paper deals with the aerobic biological treatment of industrial wastewaters by aerated lagoons, when high flowrates are involved. A methodology is developed which gives the best fit between the biological reactions and the ideal hydrodynamic behaviour of the lagoon. This analysis, based on the real kinetics of the degradation process, leads to the minimum volume and the ideal behaviour of the lagoon needed to reach the degree of conversion required to respect the discharge regulations. Because the flow field of a lagoon is of “shallow waters” type, appropriate technologies have been desig
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Yuan, Moukang. "The Impact of Blockchain Technology on E-commerce Product Development: Case Studies of Walmart and LVMH." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 109, no. 1 (2024): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/109/2024bj0128.

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In the current digital era, the emergence of blockchain technology has profoundly impacted business models, especially in e-commerce. Blockchain technology brings new opportunities and challenges to product sales, transactions, and management. This study examines the impact of blockchain technology on the development of e-commerce products, particularly through the cases of Walmart and Louis Vuitton (LVMH). It demonstrates the application of blockchain and its effects on product traceability, anti-counterfeiting verification, data transparency and privacy protection. It was found that blockcha
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Bissell, Chris. "The History of Technology: How it Can Enhance the Information Engineering Curriculum." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 4 (1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200405.

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The history of technology: how it can enhance the information engineering curriculum It is argued, with reference to three case studies from the field of information engineering, that the history of technology has significant pedagogical potential for engineering education. Appropriate historical elements can give students a vital broader perspective, as well as improve the attractiveness of technology as a subject of study.
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Otsuka, Keijiro. "Technology Choice, Employment, and Development." Asian Development Review 13, no. 02 (1995): 105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110595000091.

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The purpose of this article is to gain deeper insights into the development process led by international technology transfer and its implications for employment generation by reviewing case studies. It is argued that conventional rice research has fallen in the region of diminishing returns and, hence, greater research resources should be allocated to nonrice research and research based on new scientific principles. It is also argued that while the improved seed technology is conducive to employment generation, its impact is likely to be rather limited, which means that the development of the
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Ehret, Michael, Daniel McDonald-Junor, and David Smith. "High Technology and Economic Development: The BioCity Nottingham Technology Incubator." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13, no. 4 (2012): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0095.

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The Case Study section of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation serves two purposes. First, the case studies presented are concerned with problematical issues that are pertinent to students of entrepreneurship. Thus they constitute appropriate teaching and learning vehicles on a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes. Each case study is accompanied by a set of guidelines for the use of tutors. Second, it is envisaged that those engaged in entrepreneurial activities will find the cases both interesting and useful. Since the 1990s, public policy makers and pr
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Masciandaro, G., R. Iannelli, M. Chiarugi, and E. Peruzzi. "Reed bed systems for sludge treatment: case studies in Italy." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (2015): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.309.

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In recent years, reed bed systems (RBSs) have been widely considered as a valid technology for sludge treatment. In this study are presented results about sludge stabilization occurring within beds in four RBSs, situated in Tuscany (Italy). The results showed that stabilization of the sludge over time occurred in all RBSs, as shown by the low content of water-soluble carbon and dehydrogenase activity, which measures indirectly the overall microbial metabolism, and by the re-synthesis of humic-like matter highlighted by the pyrolytic indices of mineralization and humification. Results about hea
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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Magoro, Kgopotso Ditshego. "The challenges of rural connectivity: eight case studies of Thusong Service Centres in Mopani District." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17072.

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Thesis (M.M. (ICT Policy and Regulation))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2014.<br>The research aimed to investigate the supply and demand side factors that enables or hinders the effectiveness of rural connectivity provided through public access points such as the Thusong Service Centres (TSCs). The lack of broadband and terrestrial infrastructure is often cited as the main reason why rural people are not able to participate in the information society. The status of the Mopani District rural
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Hailegebreal, Tesfaye Demissie. "Effects of pedagogy-based technology on chemistry students' performance in higher education institutions of Ethiopia : a case study of Debre Berhan University." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10351.

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Many students have difficulty of learning abstract and complex topic in chemistry. This study investigated how students develop their understanding of abstract and complex topics of chemistry with the aid of visualizing tools: animation, simulation and video. A particular focus of this investigation was to assess to what extent the uses of pedagogy based technology (PBT) is effective in learning chemistry. The combined effect of animation, simulation and video clips enable learning by doing and provide opportunity to explore the abstract and complex lessons of chemistry. The research was cond
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Books on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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1927-, Colombo Umberto, and Ōshima Keiichi 1921-, eds. Technology blending: An appropriate response to development. Tycooly, 1989.

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Marilyn, Carr, International Institute for Environment and Development., Intermediate Technology Development Group of North America., and Sustainable Development Conference (1987 : London, England), eds. Sustainable industrial development: Seven case studies. Intermediate Technology Development Group of North America, 1988.

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Marilyn, Carr, International Institute for Environment and Development., Intermediate Technology Development Group of North America., and Sustainable Development Conference (1987 : London, England), eds. Sustainable industrial development: Seven case studies. Intermediate Technology Development Group of North America, 1988.

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Marilyn, Carr, ed. Sustainable industrial development: Seven case studies. Intermediate Technology Publications, 1988.

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Group, Intermediate Technology Development, ed. Making technology work: Five case studies : sustainable development in practice. Intermediate Technology, 1992.

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(Organization), ITACAB, and Reunión Técnica sobre Estrategias y Metodologías para la Transferencia de Tecnologías Apropiadas a Sectores Marginales Rurales (1987 : Lima, Peru), eds. Autodesarrollo rural y tecnologías apropiadas. ITACAB, 1988.

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S, Bhalla A., Reddy Amulya K. N, International Labour Office, and World Employment Programme, eds. The Technological transformation of rural India. St. Martin's Press, 1994.

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Gariyo, Zie. Appropriate technology, productivity, and employment in agriculture in Uganda: The case study of the Kibimba and Doho Rice Schemes. Centre for Basic Research, 1991.

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Najmabadi, Farrokh. Developing industrial technology: Lessons for policy and practice. World Bank, 1995.

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Thompson, Serlemitsos Elizabeth, Zambia. Central Board of Health., AID/Zambia, Zambia Integrated Health Programme, and Boston University. Center for International Health., eds. Appropriate technology in a digital age: The application of personal digital assistants : a case study from Zambia. [s.n., 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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Edge, H. M., and G. S. Saluja. "Appropriate Energy Technology for the Domestic Sector Case Studies in Rural Scotland." In 1989 2nd European Conference on Architecture. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0556-1_139.

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Al‑Shaery, Ali M. "Interactive Proposed Risk Assessment System for Monitoring Rainfall Areas." In Proceedings in Technology Transfer. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8588-9_19.

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Abstract Climate change has become one of the greatest challenges facing the world in recent years and affects many aspects of life, including transportation and communications infrastructure systems. For this reason, it is essential to develop intelligent adaptation strategies to handle risk assessments related to extreme rainfall, which affects mobility and safety within cities and especially in crowded urban areas. The system proposed in this paper supports decision making for rainfall-related risk assessment and early warning system planning, and contributes to providing an efficient road
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, et al. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.

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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learnin
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, et al. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.

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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learnin
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Sopadang, Apichat, Sakgasem Ramingwong, Tanyanuparb Anantana, and Krisana Tamvimol. "Implementation Strategies for SME 4.0: Insights on Thailand." In Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70516-9_12.

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AbstractThis chapter presents how SMEs or companies can implement Industry 4.0 based on case studies in Thai SMEs. Additionally, the chapter examined implementation strategies to convert a company successfully to SME 4.0. The implementation process includes identifying business trends, foresight strategy, gap analysis, industrial research and capacity development, and technology blueprint development plan. By working closely as the triple helix with universities and tech-development agencies, the inside-out and outside-in approaches are used. There can be several challenges during the implemen
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Stausberg, Jürgen, and Olaf Eckert. "A Case Study on Coding with ICD-11." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250739.

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ICD-11 promises strong support of a digital health system. Within an evaluation study on its use for electronic death certificates, a debate came up about the appropriate coding of the diagnosis Ethyltoxic liver cirrhosis“. In conclusion, there was no clear truth regarding the appropriate coding. This case study should encourage awareness about strengths and weaknesses of classifications like ICD-11.
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Carmeli Boaz, Casali Paolo, Goldbraich Anna, et al. "Evicase: An Evidence-based Case Structuring Approach for Personalized Healthcare." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-604.

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The personalized medicine era stresses a growing need to combine evidence-based medicine with case based reasoning in order to improve the care process. To address this need we suggest a framework to generate multi-tiered statistical structures we call Evicases. Evicase integrates established medical evidence together with patient cases from the bedside. It then uses machine learning algorithms to produce statistical results and aggregators, weighted predictions, and appropriate recommendations. Designed as a stand-alone structure, Evicase can be used for a range of decision support applicatio
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Makanjuola R.O.A., Korpela M., Soriyan H.A., and Adekunle M.A. "Making the Most of a Hospital Information System: A Nigerian Case." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-867-0-163.

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Informatics and telematics technologies are today successfully applied in many ways in health care in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the use is based on standard packages - text processing, statistics packages, CD-ROM literature data bases, etc. There is a dearth of appropriate systems for management and planning, and little experience on how to benefit from such systems. In this paper we present an operational Hospital Information System, and discuss how the information in it can best be used.
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Sani Zaidatol Haslinda Abdullah, Petrie Helen, Swallow David, and Lewis Andrew. "Three Case Studies on Methods of Working with Older People on the Design of New Technologies." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-684-2-153.

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The proportion of older adults in the population is rapidly increasing and the proportion of younger adults to care for them is decreasing. Part of the solution to support older adults in living independently is to provide them with appropriate assistive technologies. To develop technologies that are effective for older adults we need methodologies that are appropriate for working with this user group. Yet there is little systematic research on how to work with older adults and how to adapt methods already used with younger adults. This paper reports on three case studies which investigated th
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Gower Valerio, Salatino Claudia, Pigini Lucia, and Caracciolo Antonio. "Are mainstream mobile technologies bringing about new opportunities for people with disabilities? Insights from three case studies." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-566-1-119.

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The market of mobile technologies has considerably increased in the past few years and the costs have consequently decreased. This rapid technological evolution can be seen in two different ways from the perspective of people with disability: on the one side it represents a great opportunity to create new solutions for improving independence; on the other it may represent a source of social exclusion if appropriate assistive solutions are not available to make technology usable by people with disability. This paper describe three case studies of persons with disabilities that have undergone an
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Conference papers on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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Scannell, William T., Ali Akbar Sohanghpurwala, Rodney G. Powers, and Alberto A. Sagues. "Selecting Appropriate Long Term Solutions for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components in Corrosive Environments." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99554.

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Abstract Bridge Engineers and maintenance personnel must often decide what to do with a bridge in order to meet future traffic projections, maintain conformance with current safety standards or otherwise keep the structure in service for decades into the future. Selecting the most technically viable and cost-effective solution for a concrete bridge structure in a corrosive environment is a formidable task. The alternatives typically span the extremes of ‘doing nothing’ to ‘complete replacement of the structure’. Most often however, some type of corrosion prevention/rehabilitation measure is de
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Horsup, David I., Timothy S. Dunstan, and John H. Clint. "A Break-Through Corrosion Inhibitor Technology for Heavily Fouled Systems." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07690.

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Abstract Corrosion inhibitors injected into production fluids can be an extremely effective method of mitigating corrosion in pipelines. In many cases, the use of expensive alloys can be avoided if the appropriate corrosion inhibitor is utilized, saving significant capital expenditure. In some cases however, corrosion control in the infrastructure may deteriorate over time. This is often the case when significant quantities of oily solids accumulate in the pipeline. This material, which is affectionately termed ‘schmoo’, has the potential to adsorb a significant quantity of inhibitor and forms
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Singh, Ishaan, Akash Ramesh Pathak, Juhi Kaushik, et al. "Coiled Tubing Dewaxing Operations: Case Studies in Reduced Production Wells of Northeast India." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201017-ms.

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Abstract Executing interventions in wells encrusted with wax is challenging because experience with global coiled tubing (CT) dewaxing operations is limited, and equipment failure and stuck pipe risks are high. With few jobs performed worldwide, CT dewaxing (hot oil circulation with CT) operations are largely unexplored. The deviated wells in a field in northeast India pose several challenges including completely seized wellbore due to paraffin/asphaltene deposition, previous failed well cleanout attempts, very slow and low bottomhole assembly (BHA) penetration, pumping corrosive and flammable
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Cochran, Michael, and Scott Brown. "Achieving Uniformity through Burner Spacing, Arrangement and Emerging Combustion Technology." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0341.

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Abstract Achieving appropriate temperature uniformity in a heat treat application with direct fired burners requires paying particular attention to burner type, spacing and arrangement. Selection of the appropriate burner technology is crucial for achieving required uniformity. This paper explains the importance of proper burner placement (spacing and arrangement) and will describe advancements in burner technologies that provide important options to achieve required temperature uniformity. The paper concludes with several short case studies explaining the application of spacing, arrangement a
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Vivas, Cesar, Saeed Salehi, Runar Nygaard, and Danny Rehg. "Scalable Geothermal Energy Potential from Sedimentary Basins and Leveraging Oil and Gas Industry Experience: Case Studies from Texas Gulf Coast." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32381-ms.

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Abstract Geothermal energy has the potential to be a dependable source of power in the future. However, its development has mostly been limited to specific geographical areas or types of rocks. The western US has relatively high downhole temperatures compared to other regions, however, similar temperatures could be found in other regions by drilling deeper into sedimentary rocks. The oil and gas industry has developed highly efficient and cost-effective methods for drilling in sedimentary basins. The main challenge is adapting these wells for geothermal energy production. When comparing the co
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Setyawan, Chandra, Eni Harmayani, Sri Rahayoe, Jik Chang Leong, and Ngadisih. "Role of Appropriate Technology on Agricultural Development in Asia." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.16.

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The increase in the world's population has increased the demand for food needs. Increasing agricultural and processed products is very important to offset the rise in food demand. Appropriate technology application in the agricultural sector has become essential to ensure a significant increase in agricultural products. As found in Asia regions, appropriate technology was applied to crop production, postharvest handling, and raw agricultural product processing. Low-cost technology was suitable for agricultural development in the Asian region, particularly in developing countries. The use of ap
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Senior, Rebecca, and James Bainbridge. "Case Studies on Landslide Threats: Identification, Ground Modelling and Pipeline Structural Analysis." In 2024 15th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/ipc2024-133935.

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Abstract Geohazard management of pipelines in areas prone to landslides is an integrity threat that pipeline operators must address. The management process involves three key elements: (1) the identification of a developing hazard, (2) the evaluation of the nature of the threat and, (3) deciding on the most appropriate actions that are necessary to address the threat and to protect the pipeline. There are many available methods that can assist with the three parts of this process. However, the availability of multiple approaches can make it difficult to know what the most effective method is i
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Muhammad, Shoaib, Qasim Ashraf, and Umair Ahmed Baig. "Optimization of Mud Cap Design for Tripping Operations and its Application in Challenging HPHT MPD Wells: Case Histories from Pakistan." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31668-ms.

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Abstract Growing reliance and new technologies have significantly optimized the drilling operations; un-drillable wells become drillable now. We strive to increase drilling efficiency, whether managed pressure drilling (MPD) or conventional drilling operations. Designing an MPD operation inherits multiple challenges and requires the evaluation of numerous parameters. These include bottom hole pressure management, tripping, cementing, logging &amp; completion operations. However, this paper only describes how the tripping processes can be optimized using effective mud cap design in very narrow
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Han, Zhilei, Yunjiang Cui, Sainan Xu, and Chao Ma. "Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties for Hydraulic Fracture Design of Weak Sands: A Case Study in Bohai." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32072-ms.

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Abstract In recent years, in order to improve the oil production of unconsolidated sand reservoirs, hydraulic fracture through the screen liner has been carried out in the Bohai oilfield. Traditional hydraulic fracture design methods usually assume the rock is elastic, while the weak sands are often nonlinear elastic rocks. This study investigates how to optimize the mechanical parameters used in the hydraulic fracture design to best approximate the rock elastic properties under in-situ formation conditions, and show how to derive them from well logs. We performed uniaxial strain and triaxial
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Han, Zhilei, Yunjiang Cui, Sainan Xu, and Chao Ma. "Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties for Hydraulic Fracture Design of Weak Sands: A Case Study in Bohai." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32072-ms.

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Abstract In recent years, in order to improve the oil production of unconsolidated sand reservoirs, hydraulic fracture through the screen liner has been carried out in the Bohai oilfield. Traditional hydraulic fracture design methods usually assume the rock is elastic, while the weak sands are often nonlinear elastic rocks. This study investigates how to optimize the mechanical parameters used in the hydraulic fracture design to best approximate the rock elastic properties under in-situ formation conditions, and show how to derive them from well logs. We performed uniaxial strain and triaxial
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Reports on the topic "Appropriate technology Tonga Case studies"

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Zarate, Sebastian, Ilaria Cimadori, Maria Mercedes Roca, Michael S. Jones, and Katie Barnhill-Dilling. Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-based Technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004904.

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Genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for breeding crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly helping address the effects of climate change (Kuiken, Barrangou, and Grieger 2021). These promises come alongside environmental, cultural, and socio-economic risks. Including concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with technological developments and are ill-equipped, or not well suited to evaluate risks new genome editing tools may
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