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Academic literature on the topic 'Approvisionnement en eau – Aspect économique – Slovaquie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Approvisionnement en eau – Aspect économique – Slovaquie"
Dalmas, Laurent. "Rôle de la tarification dans une gestion efficace des ressources en eau : application à la demande résidentielle en eau potable des réseaux publiques slovaques." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0056.
Full textThis study analyzes the effects of pricing upon the evolution of residential demand of water provided by public networks. The applied part of this study deals with the Slovak Republic, an economy in transition. The Slovak authorities recently decided to change the way of managing the public networks of water, symbolised until now by marginal cost pricing of this firm in a natural monopoly position generating losses, although this former pricing policy (thanks to the implementation of a cross-subsidies policy between groups of users) was meant to protect the residential consumers from the effects of transition. The econometrical analysis of Slovak residential water demand, carried out on two different samples (1994-1998 and 1999-2001), and using specific methods with panel data, reveals a low coefficient of price elasticity for each of them (respectively -0. 21 and -0. 41) in spite of a consistent rise. The first sample nevertheless reveals also a negative but surprisingly more important coefficient of income elasticity (-0. 53), whose origin could lie in the fact that the fast growth in the general standard of living would permit the households to renew a stock of electric household appliances which use less water. The analysis, also carried out in terms of income class reveals through both samples that the price elasticity of demand seems to decrease in direct relation to the level of income, thus meaning that the most modest consumers are the most sensitive to strong variations of prices, which originally aimed to balance the losses faced by the national public network company. These results are in contradiction with those drawn from the theoretical analysis upon the reactions of multifunction goods' demand, but which has been inspired by the observations based on the individual behaviours within a traditional market economy. Changes in water pricing policy is then potentially likely to worsen the social inequalities, without managing the resource in a more sustainable way and without developing the infrastructures in the most neglected rural areas
Blanc, Nicolas. "L'eau et l'intégration européenne : essai sur le temps, l'espace et les stratégies des acteurs." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21012.
Full textMélançon, Simon. "La guerre de l'eau de Cochabamba, Bolivie : un problème géopolitique et de territoralité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22869/22869.pdf.
Full textEn un contexto de una nueva conciensia de la comunidad internacionale de los enfoques de la accesibilidad del agua potable en los países subdesarrollados, el Banco Mundial recomanda a los Estados de privatizar su gestión del agua. En 1999, el gobierno neoliberal de Hugo Banzer ha favorisado la privatización de los servicios de distribución del agua de Cochabamba. Banzer ha justificado esta decisión con la falta de plata que necesitaba la realización del Proyecto Múltiple Misicuni. Las poblaciones campesina, periurbana y urbana, quien tenía una relación conflictual con la gestión del agua, se han unificado para revendicar la anulación del contrato de concesión del consortio international Aguas del Tunari y para modificar la ley de agua (2029). Las manifestaciones acompañiendo estas revencidaciones han sido reprimadas por la armada antes que el gobierno acepta de re-nacionalizar la gestión del agua y de cambiar la ley. ¿Cuales estaba las interacciones económica y política entre las diferentes escalas geograficas representadas por los actores de este conflicto socio-territorial? ¿Cuales han sido las representaciones geopolíticas de los actores durante la guerra del agua? ¿Cual ha sido la evolución de la relación de poder territorial durante este conflicto? A través de siete poriódicos bolivianos (1997-2004), analisamos el discurso de los actores para entender las redifiniciones de la territorialidad antes, durante y después de la guerra del agua. Entonces, esta investigación demuestra que las representaciones del proyecto Misicuni han jugado una función muy importante en el desarrollo del conflicto. Además, los usos y costumbres campesinos y la nueva tarificación del agua urbana han sido la “relación al territorio” en la base de la guerra del agua. Finalmente, la importancia de las relaciones “locale-internacionale” y “nacionale-internacionale” hacen que el dessarrollo de la construcción locale del territorio es de más en más dependiente de los actores internacionales.
Olivier, Anne. "Universalisation de l'accès à l'eau en milieu urbain et impact des politiques tarifaires : analyse distributive dans les métropoles de Manaus (Brésil) et Casablanca (Maroc)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0089.
Full textThis thesis highlights the inequalities of access to water supply in urban areas and attempts to measure the distributive incidence of water subsidies, based on empirical data in Manaus, Bralil and Casablanca, Morocco. In these two contexts facing acute urban poverty, investments required are such that they cannot be financed by the users. The empirical analysis of a 31. 5% tariff increase, applied in January 2004 ta ail users of the water network in Manaus, allows the evaluation of the impact on water consumption and bill recovery. The price-elasticity lies between -0. 38 to -0. 58 with a Difference in Difference estimation, according t0 the tendency for the contrefactual scenario, and is heterogeneous (-0. 7 for the poorest quintile against -0. 3 for wealthiest). The distributive impact of the tariff structures with increasing blocks is then assessed, in simulating the extension of the water supply network in Casablanca. The distribution of the tariff subsidies, regressive in 2006 because of the exclusion of the poorest, becomes progressive once the network is extended. The second part of the approach by micro-simulation explores the implementation of alternative tariffs and shows that the 40 l/c. D allowance dearly dominates ail the structures whereas category targeting would improve the distribution only marginally, while generating strong exclusion. Finally the last part offers a comparative synthesis of the preceding results and presents the results of the simulation of the water network extension for Manaus, Dakar and Bamako
Ossombo-Yombo, Rémy. "La gestion de l'eau potable dans les grandes agglomérations d'Afrique Centrale : contribution à l'étude d'un service public confronté à la mondialisation." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ossombo_yombo_r.pdf.
Full textThe Central Africa is a area which knowns big problems on distribution of drinkable water. If some improvements intervened down 1980 years, globally, the public utility miss financing and best government context for saving consumers rights. The exploitation of drinkable water is fragilized by the power of international financial organizations which impose private management to states. This model is not profitable for people but for international societies of water. The state of drinkable water service confirms the failures of several politics lead by the states of this area and the international community
Treyer, Sébastien. "A quelle raréfaction de l'eau faut-il se préparer ? : construire une intervention prospective au service de la planification pour les ressources en eau en Tunisie." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002653.
Full textArjoon, Diane, and Diane Arjoon. "Water and benefit sharing in transboundary river basins." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27392.
Full textLe partage équitable des bénéfices dans les bassins fluviaux transfrontaliers est nécessaire pour résoudre les conflits entre les pays riverains et atteindre un consensus sur les activités de développement et de gestion du bassin versant. Le partage des bénéfices doit être discuté collectivement par tous les pays riverains pour être perçu non seulement comme efficace, mais aussi équitable. La littérature actuelle décrit principalement ce que l’on entend par le partage des bénéfices d’un point de vue conceptuel. Les arrangements institutionnels pratiques qui assurent le bien-être économique maximal, ainsi que les méthodes développées en collaboration pour encourager le partage équitable des bénéfices, ne sont toutefois pas présentés. L’objectif global de ce projet de thèse est de développer un arrangement institutionnel, qui comprend à la fois des politiques de répartition de l’eau et des mécanismes de partage des bénéfices, afin d’améliorer la gestion des ressources en eau transfrontalières et d’encourager la coopération entre les pays riverains. La méthodologie étend l’approche traditionnelle, basée sur des stratégies d’allocation très limitées en allouant efficacement les ressources en eau et le partage équitable des bénéfices découlant de l’utilisation de l’eau. Cette thèse détaille l’arrangement institutionnel développé et, à travers trois activités distinctes, les principales composantes de l’arrangement sont analysés. Dans l’arrangement institutionnel, une autorité de bassin fluvial (RBA) est l’opérateur d’un système axé sur le marché, dans lequel les politiques d’allocation économiquement efficaces sont identifiées et imposées aux usagers de l’eau, qui doit payer pour l’eau qui leur est alloué. Ces frais sont collectés et redistribués, via une règle de partage spécifique au bassin fluvial, afin d’assurer l’équité entre les usagers de l’eau. Le bassin du Nil oriental est utilisé comme étude de cas pour illustrer l’approche. Il y a des secteurs hydroélectriques et agricoles répartis dans trois pays (Egypte, Soudan et Ethiopie) et une longue histoire de non-coopération dans ce bassin. La répartition actuelle de l’eau repose sur des accords bilatéraux de l’époque coloniale, qui désignent l’Egypte et le Soudan comme les seuls bénéficiaires des eaux du Nil. La coopération future est impérative dans ce bassin pour profiter du potentiel hydroélectrique en Ethiopie, et du potentiel de l’agriculture au Soudan, ainsi que pour atténuer, autant que possible, les effets du changement climatique. Les résultats montrent que la gestion coopérative du bassin du Nil oriental, et de son infrastructure, augmenterait considérablement les bénéfices économiques à l’échelle du bassin et entraiînerait une répartition de l’eau plus efficace. L’arrangement institutionnel garantit que l’eau est retirée ouù elle a la plus grande valeur et que les investissements en amont dans des projets à faible productivité sont découragés. Le plus haut niveau de coopération est effectuée en vertu d’une institution supranationale et toutes les parties doivent se mettre d’accord sur la définition de l’équité dans le le partage des bénéfices. L’imposition d’axiomes spécifiques sur la base de cette vision collaborative de l’équité se traduit par une solution unique pour la répartition des bénéfices économiques. Une règle de partage élaborée avec la participation des parties prenantes peut être plus acceptable parce que la définition de la règle n’est pas contestée, comme ce serait le cas si les règles existantes avaientété appliquées avec leurs propres définitions de l’équité. Enfin, les résultats globaux montrent que la réalisation de compromis entre l’efficacité et l’équité peut se produire lorsque ces deux principes de répartition de l’eau sont couplés afin de maximiser les avantages de l’utilisation de l’eau, puis de réaffecter ces d’une manière équitable.
The equitable sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins is necessary to solve disputes among riparian countries and to reach a consensus on basin-wide development and management activities. Benefit-sharing arrangements must be collaboratively developed to be perceived not only as efficient, but also as equitable, and to be considered acceptable to all riparian countries. The current literature mainly describes what is meant by the term benefit sharing, in the context of transboundary river basins, and discusses this from a conceptual point of view. Practical, institutional arrangements that ensure maximum economic welfare, as well as collaboratively developed methods for encouraging the equitable sharing of benefits, are, however, not provided. The overall objective of this PhD project was to develop an institutional arrangement, that includes both water allocation policies and benefit-sharing mechanisms, to improve the sustainability of managing transboundary water resources and to encourage cooperation between riparian states. The methodology extends the traditional approach, which is based on highly constrained allocation policies, that merely complement existing management institutions, by efficiently allocating water resources and then equitably sharing the benefits derived from water use. This thesis details the institutional arrangement developed and, through three separate activities, the main components of the arrangement are analyzed. A river basin authority (RBA) is the operator of a market-based system, in which economically efficient allocation policies are identified and imposed on water users, who are charged for the water allocated to them. These charges are collected and redistributed, via a sharing rule specific to the river basin, to ensure equity among the water users. The Eastern Nile River Basin is used as the case study to illustrate the approach. There are important hydropower and agricultural sectors spread across three countries (Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia), and there is a long history of non-cooperation in this river basin. Current water allocation is based on colonial era bilateral agreements that designate Egypt and Sudan as the only beneficiaries of the Nile waters. Future cooperation is imperative, in this basin, to take advantage of hydropower potential in Ethiopia, and agriculture potential in Sudan, as well as to mitigate, as much as possible, the effects of climate change in the near future. Results reveal that the cooperative management of the Eastern Nile River Basin and its infrastructure would significantly increase the basin-wide economic benefits and lead to more efficient water allocation. The institutional arrangement ensures that water is withdrawn where it has the greatest value (efficient water allocation is established) and that upstream investments in low productivity projects are discouraged. The highest level of cooperation is effectuated through a supranational institution and all parties must agree on the definition of fairness in the sharing of benefits.The imposition of specific axioms, based on this agreedupon vision of fairness results in a unique solution for the distribution of economic benefits. A sharing rule developed with stakeholder input may be more acceptable because the definition of the rule is not in question, as would be the case if existing rules were applied with their inherent definitions of equity. Finally, overall results show that achieving trade-offs between efficiency and equity can occur when these two principles of water allocation are coupled to first maximize the benefits from water use and then reallocate these in an equitable manner.
The equitable sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins is necessary to solve disputes among riparian countries and to reach a consensus on basin-wide development and management activities. Benefit-sharing arrangements must be collaboratively developed to be perceived not only as efficient, but also as equitable, and to be considered acceptable to all riparian countries. The current literature mainly describes what is meant by the term benefit sharing, in the context of transboundary river basins, and discusses this from a conceptual point of view. Practical, institutional arrangements that ensure maximum economic welfare, as well as collaboratively developed methods for encouraging the equitable sharing of benefits, are, however, not provided. The overall objective of this PhD project was to develop an institutional arrangement, that includes both water allocation policies and benefit-sharing mechanisms, to improve the sustainability of managing transboundary water resources and to encourage cooperation between riparian states. The methodology extends the traditional approach, which is based on highly constrained allocation policies, that merely complement existing management institutions, by efficiently allocating water resources and then equitably sharing the benefits derived from water use. This thesis details the institutional arrangement developed and, through three separate activities, the main components of the arrangement are analyzed. A river basin authority (RBA) is the operator of a market-based system, in which economically efficient allocation policies are identified and imposed on water users, who are charged for the water allocated to them. These charges are collected and redistributed, via a sharing rule specific to the river basin, to ensure equity among the water users. The Eastern Nile River Basin is used as the case study to illustrate the approach. There are important hydropower and agricultural sectors spread across three countries (Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia), and there is a long history of non-cooperation in this river basin. Current water allocation is based on colonial era bilateral agreements that designate Egypt and Sudan as the only beneficiaries of the Nile waters. Future cooperation is imperative, in this basin, to take advantage of hydropower potential in Ethiopia, and agriculture potential in Sudan, as well as to mitigate, as much as possible, the effects of climate change in the near future. Results reveal that the cooperative management of the Eastern Nile River Basin and its infrastructure would significantly increase the basin-wide economic benefits and lead to more efficient water allocation. The institutional arrangement ensures that water is withdrawn where it has the greatest value (efficient water allocation is established) and that upstream investments in low productivity projects are discouraged. The highest level of cooperation is effectuated through a supranational institution and all parties must agree on the definition of fairness in the sharing of benefits.The imposition of specific axioms, based on this agreedupon vision of fairness results in a unique solution for the distribution of economic benefits. A sharing rule developed with stakeholder input may be more acceptable because the definition of the rule is not in question, as would be the case if existing rules were applied with their inherent definitions of equity. Finally, overall results show that achieving trade-offs between efficiency and equity can occur when these two principles of water allocation are coupled to first maximize the benefits from water use and then reallocate these in an equitable manner.
Jozan, Raphaël. "Les débordements de la mer d'Aral : qu'apporte la sociologie de l'acteur-réseau à la sociologie du développement ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1108.
Full textWhat can bring the Actor-Network Sociology to the Development Sociology ? Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the political disintegration of the Aral Sea basin into five independent republics, Central Asia is witnessing a "water war". The republics have difficulties in finding an agreement for sharing the water resources, while international cooperation has many times demonstrated an optimum by producing hydro-economic models.This thesis analyses the history of the water conflict in Central Asia and shows how the experts’ calculation devices contribute to perform the “water war”. The research chases the water flowing in the production field, in the administrative statistics and in the work of international experts. It focuses on technical devices and demonstrates how the Development Sociology gets enriched by the Actor-Network Sociology
Vernay, Laurent. "Mise au point d'un outil d'aide à la gestion et à la définition d'une politique de l'eau dans les îles méditerranéennes, s'appuyant sur des techniques adaptées : le cas de Formentera (Baléares, Espagne)." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20169.
Full textBooks on the topic "Approvisionnement en eau – Aspect économique – Slovaquie"
Kulshreshtha, Surendra. Valeur économique de l'eau de l'aquifère du delta de l'Assiniboine au Manitoba. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1994.
Find full textTate, Donald M. La tarification de l'eau dans les municipalités canadiennes en 1986: Méthodes et prix actuels. Ottawa, Ont: Direction générale des eaux intérieures, Division de la planification et de la gestion (eaux), 1989.
Find full textOuyahia, Meriem Aït. Le partenariat public-privé pour financer les infrastructures municipales d'eau potable: Quels sont les défis? : document de discussion. [Ottawa]: Projet de recherche sur les politiques, 2006.
Find full textAnderson, Terry Lee. Water markets: Priming the invisible pump. Washington, D.C: Cato Institute, 1997.
Find full textNational Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (Canada). Changing currents: Water sustainability and the future of Canada's natural resource sectors. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 2010.
Find full textBarlow, Maude. L' or bleu: L'eau, nouvel enjeu stratégique et commercial. Montréal: Boréal, 2002.
Find full textTony, Clarke, ed. L'or bleu: L'eau, nouvel enjeu stratégique et commercial. Montréal: Boréal, 2005.
Find full textPearce, Fred. When the rivers run dry: What happens when our water runs out? London: Eden Project, 2006.
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