Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approximation de la masse effective'
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Luisier, Mathieu. "Quantum transport beyond the effective mass approximation /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17016.
Full textGnadjro, Dossou. "Nombres d'ondes, masses volumiques et modules effectifs de milieux composites formés d'une matrice poro-élastique contenant des inclusions de forme cylindrique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH16/document.
Full textWe study the propagation of acoustic waves in a porous medium obeying the Biot theory and containing a random distribution of cylindrical cavities and that of an acoustic wave in a fluid containing a random polydisperse distribution of porous spheres. In the first case we use the generalization by Conoir-Norris of the Linton-Martin formula. It allows to take into account the phenomenon of the conversion between the three waves (two longitudinal and one transverse) naturally propagating in a porous Biot medium containing a random distribution of cavities. Analytical expressions are found for the effective wavenumbers of coherent waves in the Rayleigh limit (low frequency regime). The approximations of the densities and heterogeneous media modules are presented up to the order of c2 in concentration. The limiting case of random fluid cavities in an elastic matrix is also discussed. In the second case the effective wavenumbers, moduli and density are determined for polydisperse distributions of poroelastic spheres. To achieve this, the recent formulas of the effective wave number given by Linton and Martin in the dilute monodisperse case have been modified. Given the uncertainty for predicting the distribution in size of obstacles, three different probability densities are studied and compared: uniform, Schulz and lognormal. More precisely, the Rayleigh limit is taken into account when the wave lengths can be assumed to be very large compared to the size of the obstacles. Within this limit, simplified formulas for concentrations are provided depending on the parameter characterizing the size dispersion
Morgan, David C. "A Gaussian approximation to the effective potential." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26500.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
Jourdana, Clément. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation numérique pour des dispositifs nanoélectroniques innovants." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645802.
Full textKoh, Meng hock. "Fission-barriers and energy spectra of odd-mass actinide nuclei in self-consistent mean-field calculations." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0208/document.
Full textWhile there have been numerous microscopic calculations on fission barriers of even-even compoundnuclei, there are however, relatively few such work dedicated to odd-mass nuclei. This is dueto the complications posed by the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry at the mean-field leveldue to the presence of an unpaired nucleon. In order to circumvent this difficulty, previous fission barriercalculations of odd-mass nuclei have been performed by neglecting the effect of time-reversalsymmetry breaking. This work aims to improve on the description of fission barriers as well asthe spectroscopic properties of ground and fission-isomeric state, of some odd-mass actinide nucleiby taking the effect of time-reversal symmetry breaking into account. This has been perfomedwithin a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-plus-BCS framework with blocking, where the BCS formalism hasbeen adapted to accomodate this symmetry breaking. The Skyrme nucleon-nucleon effective forcehas been used with various sets of parameters (SIII, SkM*, SLy5*). The residual pairing interactionhas been approximated by seniority forces whose neutron and proton parameters have beenfitted to reproduce the odd-even mass differences of some actinide nuclei. The low-lying rotationalband-head energies evaluated within the Bohr-Mottelson unified model have been determined forfour well-deformed odd-nuclei (235U, 239Pu, 237Np, 241Am) yielding a good qualitative agreementto the data for odd-neutron nuclei. The agreement was significantly less good for the odd-protonnuclei, possibly due to the use of the Slater approximation for the exchange Coulomb interaction.The deformation energies of two odd-neutron nuclei (235U and 239Pu) have been calculated forsome single-particle configurations up to a point beyond the outer fission-barrier. Axial symmetrynuclear shape has been assumed while a breaking of the left-right (or intrinsic parity) symmetryhas been allowed around the outer fission-barrier. The fission-barrier heights of such odd-neutronnuclei depend significantly on the particle configurations. A special attention has been paid tothe very important rotational correction to deformation energies. In particular, the correction ofthe moment of inertia calculated from the usual Belyaev expression was considered. Overall, aqualitative agreement with available data on fission-barrier heights for the considered odd-neutronnuclei and their even neighbours has been obtained
Steuding, Rasa, Jörn Steuding, Kohji Matsumoto, Antanas Laurinčikas, and Ramūnas Garunkštis. "Effective uniform approximation by the Riemann zeta-function." Department of Mathematics of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20429.
Full textJourdana, Clément. "Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of innovative electronic nanostructures." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30200.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we are interested in the modeling and the simulation of innovative electronic nanodevices. First, we formally derive an effective mass model describing the quantum motion of electrons in ultra-scaled confined nanostructures. Numerical simulations aim at testing the relevance of the obtained model for a simplified (but already significant) device. The second part is devoted to non-ballistic transport in these confined nanostructures. We rigorously analyse a drift-diffusion model and afterwards we describe and implement a classical-quantum spatial coupling approach. In the last part, we model and simulate a spintronic nanodevice. More precisely, we study the magnetization switching of a ferromagnetic material driven by a spin-current
Bonnet, Florian. "Effective theories and neutrino physics." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112068.
Full textAdjali, Mohamed Iqbal. "The soliton of the effective chiral action in the two-point approximation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:afd6bb9e-acef-4325-8d02-aaa02e456629.
Full textShrestha, Surendra Prakash. "An effective medium approximation and Monte Carlo simulation in subsurface flow modeling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38642.
Full textNolte, Martin [Verfasser], and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kröner. "Efficient numerical approximation of the effective hamiltonian = Effiziente numerische Berechnung der effektiven Hamiltonfunktion." Freiburg : Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1123465088/34.
Full textHeimonen, A. (Ari). "On effective irrationality measures for some values of certain hypergeometric functions." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1997. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514247191.
Full textCui, Cheng Liang. "Diffusivité effective en chromatographie et en catalyse : signification, mesure et interprétation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10049.
Full textMuller, Theophillus Frederic George. "Optical modeling of amorphous and metal induced crystallized silicon with an effective medium approximation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3788_1297758783.
Full textIn this thesis we report on the metal-mediated-thermally induced changes of the structural and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited by hot-wire CVD, where aluminium and nickel were used to induce crystallization. The metal-coated amorphous silicon was subjected to a thermal annealing regime of between 150 and 520°
C. The structural measurements, obtained by Raman spectroscopy, show partial crystallization occurring at 350 °
C. At the higher annealing temperatures of 450°
C and 520°
C complete crystallization occurs. Reflection and transmission measurements in the UV-visible range were then used to extract the optical properties. By adopting the effective medium approximation a single optical model could be constructed that could successfully model material that was in different structural phases, irrespective of metal contamination. Changes in the absorption of the material in various stages of transition were confirmed with a directly measured absorption technique, and the modelled absorption closely followed the same trends This study forms part of the larger overall solar cell research project, of which the primary aim is to eventually develop a silicon solar panel that optimises the characteristics for best performance.
Assila, Rachid. "Résolution numérique, par éléments finis, d'un modèle hydrodynamique des semiconducteurs avec masse effective variable." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25374.pdf.
Full textChappert, Frédéric. "Nouvelles paramétrisations de l'interaction nucléaire effective de Gogny." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177379.
Full textcalculs microscopiques de structure nucléaire. L'une des formes utilisée
depuis les années 1970 est la force effective phénoménologique proposée par
D. Gogny. Cette force donne d'excellents résultats dans les noyaux à
l'approximation du champ moyen. La présence de composantes de contact ne
permet pas cependant de l'employer en toute généralité pour décrire les
corrélations au-delà du champ moyen qui se manifestent fréquemment dans les
noyaux.
Dans ce travail, nous étudions des extensions de la force de Gogny, notamment
une généralisation où le terme dépendant de la densité de portée nulle est
remplacé par un terme de portée finie. Les paramètres intervenant dans la forme
analytique de la force sont ajustés sur les propriétés de la matière nucléaire
infinie symétrique et de la matière neutronique, et sur les observables globales
de quelques noyaux stables, en particulier celles associées aux corrélations
d'appariement. Nous présentons la méthode permettant d'inclure ce type de
force dans les codes de calcul Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov et nous analysons les
résultats obtenus dans de nombreux noyaux. Les nouvelles versions de la force
de Gogny apparaissent reproduire la structure nucléaire avec une qualité égale
ou supérieure à la version traditionnelle.
Vanzini, Marco. "Auxiliary systems for observables : dynamical local connector approximation for electron addition and removal spectra." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX012/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes an innovative theoretical method for studying one-electron excitation spectra, as measured in photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy.The current state-of-the-art realistic calculations rely usually on many-body Green’s functions and complex, non-local self energies, evaluated specifically for each material. Even when the calculated spectra are in very good agreement with experiments, the computational cost is very large. The reason is that the method itself is not efficient, as it yields much superfluous information that is not needed for the interpretation of experimental data.In this thesis we propose two shortcuts to the standard method. The first one is the introduction of an auxiliary system that exactly targets, in principle, the excitation spectrum of the real system. The prototypical example is density functional theory, in which the auxiliary system is the Kohn-Sham system: it exactly reproduces the density of the real system via a real and static potential, the Kohn-Sham potential. Density functional theory is, however, a ground state theory, which hardly yields excited state properties: an example is the famous band-gap problem. The potential we propose (the spectral potential), local and frequency-dependent, yet real, can be viewed as a dynamical generalisation of the Kohn-Sham potential which yields in principle the exact spectrum.The second shortcut is the idea of calculating this potential just once and forever in a model system, the homogeneous electron gas, and tabulating it. To study real materials, we design a connector which prescribes the use of the gas results for calculating electronic spectra.The first part of the thesis deals with the idea of auxiliary systems, showing the general framework in which they can be introduced and the equations they have to fulfill. We then use exactly-solvable Hubbard models to gain insight into the role of the spectral potential; in particular, it is shown that a meaningful potential can be defined wherever the spectrum is non-zero, and that it always yields the expected spectra, even when the imaginary or the non-local parts of the self energy play a prominent role.In the second part of the thesis, we focus on calculations for real systems. We first evaluate the spectral potential in the homogeneous electron gas, and then import it in the auxiliary system to evaluate the excitation spectrum. All the non-trivial interplay between electron interaction and inhomogeneity of the real system enters the form of the connector. Finding an expression for it is the real challenge of the procedure. We propose a reasonable approximation for it, based on local properties of the system, which we call dynamical local connector approximation.We implement this procedure for four different prototypical materials: sodium, an almost homogeneous metal; aluminum, still a metal but less homogeneous; silicon, a semiconductor; argon, an inhomogeneous insulator. The spectra we obtain with our approach agree to an impressive extent with the ones evaluated via the computationally expensive self energy, demonstrating the potential of this theory
Dabaghi, Farshid. "Étude de la convergence des méthodes de redistribution de masse pour les problèmes de contact en élastodynamique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0070/document.
Full textThe chapter 1 focuses on a one–dimensional wave equation being subjected to a unilateral boundary condition. Under appropriate regularity assumptions on the initial data, a new proof of existence and uniqueness results is proposed. The mass redistribution method based on a redistribution of the body mass such that there is no inertia at the contact node is introduced and its convergence is proved. An approximation of this evolutionary problem combining the finite element method as well as the mass redistribution method is analyzed in chapter 2. Then two benchmark problems (one being new) with their analytical solutions are presented and some possible discretizations using different time–integration schemes are described. Finally, numerical experiments for these benchmark problems are reported. In chapter 3, the mass of the contact nodes is redistributed on the other nodes and its convergence as well as an error estimate in time are established. Then an analytical solution already introduced in chapter 3 is compared to approximate ones obtained for different choices of mass redistribution highlighting that more a mass redistribution of the body is done near the contact nodes better the approximate solutions are obtained. The two and three–dimensional elastodynamic contact problems are studied in chapter 4. As for the one–dimensional contact problems, an approximated solution combining the finite element and mass redistribution methods is exhibited. Some numerical experiments using time–integration methods highlighted the convergence properties of the mass redistribution method
Fantina, Anthea Francesca. "Supernovae theory : study of electro-weak processes during gravitational collapse of massive stars." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112225.
Full textLn the framework of type II Supernovae theory, most of numerical simulations of the supernova core collapse and shock wave propagation fail to reproduce the observed explosion, because of both hydrodynamical phenomena and to some microphysical processes involved in the picture and not yet completely understood. The aim of this work is to investigate some microphysical aspects and to analyze their effects through hydrodynamical simulations. Among electro-weak processes occuring in core-collapse supernova, the most important one is the electron capture, crucial to determine the evolution of lepton fraction during the neutronization phase. It affects the efficiency of the bounce and the strength of the shock wave. Moreover, both the equation of state of supernova matter and electron capture rates in nuclei are modified by the nuclear effective mass in nuclei, induced by many-body correlations, and its temperature dependence. I will present a nuclear model aimed at studying the nuclear effective mass. We have included in a energy density functional approach a surface-peaked nuclear effective mass to mimic some effects beyond Hartree-Fock. I will then present the supernova models I have worked on, in a one-zone approximation, and in spherically symmetric one-dimensional approximation, Newtonian and General Relativistic. We will show that, introducing a temperature dependent effective mass into a one-zone and a one dimensional Newtonian code with neutrino transport, the deleptonization is reduced and has a non-negligible effect on the shock wave energetics. We will also present results obtained with the General Relativistic code with a multi-group treatment of neutrinos
Liu, Wenlung. "Multiple Wave Scattering and Calculated Effective Stiffness and Wave Properties in Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30646.
Full textPh. D.
Lechaftois, François. "Description des états excités du noyau par la méthode de la Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation et l'interaction de Gogny." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS430/document.
Full textThis thesis presents three aspects centered around the QRPA (Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation).The first consists in the use of an axial code to confront computed data with experimental results andto feed a microscopic reaction code. This step is a chance to analyse low-energy spectroscopy (fewtens of MeV) of some nuclei, and more precisely (but not exclusively) the tin isotopic chain (Z=50).The second one relies on the improvement of the formalism to calculate multipolar electromagnetictransition operators, and a method to consolidate the computation of these operators, allowing toease the programming by unifying the code for different multipolarities. Finally, in order to overcomethe axial symmetry constraint, a new triaxial code has been developed. Its assets and developmentare presented, followed by the first batch of results
Hugues, Emmanuel. "Modélisation des performances des avions par réseaux de neurones multi-couches : application à la maximisation de la masse au décollage." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0003.
Full textKuss, Ingolf [Verfasser]. "Observability of Anomalous Couplings of Electroweak Vector-Bosons at the LHC and Improved Formulation of an Effective Vector-Boson Approximation / Ingolf Kuss." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 1996. http://d-nb.info/1034401351/34.
Full textMezzache, Sakina. "Détermination des propriétés thermochimiques de constituants d'ADN et de peptides pour une meilleure compréhension de la stabilité de systèmes non-covalents en phase gazeuse." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066229.
Full textReimer, Jody. "Effective design of marine reserves : incorporating alongshore currents, size structure, and uncertainty." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a5e72cb-6bc9-4ef3-a991-2cc934b228fb.
Full textPricopi, Lucia. "Etude de la masse effective des fermions lourds CeAl2 et CeRu2Si2 par mesures de l'effet de Haas-van Alphen sous champs magnétiques pulsés." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30044.
Full textGalkowski, Krzysztof. "Propriétés magnéto-optiques et microscopiques de perovskites organique-halogénure de plomb." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30265/document.
Full textThe hybrid organo-lead halide perovskites are an emerging class of materials, proposed for use as light absorbers in a new generation of photovoltaic solar cells. The chemical formula for these materials is APbX3, where A is an organic cation and X represents halide anions (most commonly Br-, Cl- or I-, or alloyed combination of these). The hybrid perovskies combine excellent absorption properties with large diffusion lengths and long lifetime of the carriers, resulting in photon conversion efficiencies as high as 22%. Another advantage is the inexpensiveness of the fabrication process. Therefore, with the rapid development of this class of materials, the perovskite photovoltaics has perspectives to outperform the well-established silicon technology. Here, we use optical methods to investigate the basic electronic properties and morphology in the thin films of several representatives of the hybrid perovskites. We study the compounds based on Methylammonium and Formamidinium organic cations; the iodides and wide band-gap bromides, showing how the chemical composition influences the investigated parameters. Using magneto-transmission, we directly determine the values of exciton binding energy and reduced mass. We find that the exciton binding energies at T = 2 K, varying from 14 to 25 meV, are smaller or comparable to the average thermal energy at room temperature (˜25 meV). Moreover, these values fall further at T = 160 K, to 10-24 meV. Based on that we conclude that the carriers photocreated in a perovskite material can be considered to be thermally ionized at room temperature. The measured reduced masses are in the range of 0.09-0.13 of the electron rest mass. We also show that both exciton binding energy and reduced mass depend linearly on the band gap energy. Therefore, the values of these parameters can be easily estimated for the synthesis of new perovskite compounds. With the spatially resolved photoluminescence, we probe the morphology of perovskite films with micrometer resolution, which enables us to observe single crystalline grains. The resulting maps show that all investigated thin films are composed from the dark and bright crystalline grains. We demonstrate that the low temperature phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase is incomplete in all studied materials, as the remains of the tetragonal phase are found even at T = 4 K. By investigating structurally damaged and photo annealed regions, where the occurrence of the tetragonal phase at low temperatures is enhanced, we attribute its presence to the depleted halide content
Oberti, Joël. "Effet polaron dans le tellurure de cadmium de type N étudié par résonnance cyclotron persistante." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0003.
Full textChaves, Neto Antonio Maia de Jesus. "Modelo de Anderson para duas impurezas : metodo dos campos efetivos." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277076.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChavesNeto_AntonioMaiadeJesus_D.pdf: 1164069 bytes, checksum: a0ef564c6eb492fa671d7430fad4221a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O Hamiltoniano do modelo de Anderson para duas impurezas é estudado via um desacoplamento das funções de Green. Neste caso resulta ser equivalente a aproximação de potencial coerente (CPA) que também, neste caso, coincide com a aproximação Hubbard-I. Consideram-se todos os termos de interação impureza-impureza, tanto os denominados termos de um corpo como os de dois corpos. Os parâmetros associados às interações mencionadas acima incluem: repulsão coulombiana intra e intersítio, hopping direto, hopping correlacionado e o termo de troca (exchange). Todos estes são modelados via orbitais atômicos de Slater, e neste caso se considera o modelo mais simples, o caso não degenerado, ou seja, um nível por impureza. Nesta modelagem, incluindo o metal hospedeiro, os parâmetros independentes resultam ser: a constante de hibridização eletrônica impureza-metal, o número de portadores do metal hospedeiro, o vetor de onda de Fermi associado ao mesmo, a largura dos orbitais atômicos das impurezas e a distância impureza-impureza. Para o caso particular de temperatura nula e no regime denominado de banda semicheia (a metade dos níveis das impurezas são preenchidos considerando os valores esperados) são calculadas as densidades espectrais (densidade de estados) associadas às impurezas, as funções de correlações de spin e carga, suscetibilidades magnéticas e de carga, e a energia de correlação associada as impurezas. Os resultados são discutidos no contexto dos modelos já a existentes na literatura, assim como os casos limites para os quais existem resultados exatos. Os resultados encontrados estão de acordo com os casos limites conhecidos e são interessantes. Mostram também a importância de se considerar todas as interações impureza-impureza, fato negligenciado até agora na literatura
Abstract: We study the two impurity Anderson Model Hamiltonian via a Greens function decoupling scheme. This case turns out to be equivalent to the Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) and furthermore equivalent to the Hubbard-I approximation. We consider all one and two body impurity-impurity interactions. The parameters associated to the latter include: the intra and intersite Coulomb repulsion, direct (band) hopping, correlated hopping and the exchange term. All of the above are modeled via Slater atomic orbitals, and here we consider the simplest model, non degenerate single impurity level. Including the host metal the resulting independent parameters are: The impurity-metal hybridization constant, the metal host carrier density, the associated Fermi wavevector, the atomic orbital width and the impurity-impurity distance. For the zero temperature case and in the so called band half called regime (impurities levels half called, in the mean) we compute the impurities spectral densities (density of states), spin and charge correlation functions, their respective susceptibilities and the correlation energy. We discuss our results considering the existing literature as well as the exact results for particular limiting cases. Our results agree with the latter and also yield interesting consequences, among others: the importance of including all impurity-impurity interactions, hitherto not considered.
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
Yang, Zhuo. "Investigation of the excitonic properties of hybrid and fully inorganic perovskite using magneto-spectroscopy." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0004/document.
Full textOptical and electronic properties. The photon conversion efficiency of hybrid perovskite based solar cells has increased from 6.9% to 23.6% within the last few years. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the optical and electronic properties of perovskite materials using magneto-optical techniques. We have investigated the relationship between the excitonic properties and the microstructure of hybrid perovskites. We have performed magneto-transmission measurement on MAPbI3 polycrystalline thin films and magneto-reflectivity measurement on a MAPbI3 single crystal. We find that, at low temperature, the exciton binding energy and reduced mass are the same for all MAPbI3 samples with a variety of crystal grain sizes.We have also investigated the electronic properties of the fully inorganic perovskites, namely CsPbX3 compounds (X = I or Br or a mixture of those). By performing the magneto-transmission measurement on CsPbX3, we have determined the exciton binding energies and reduced mass with high accuracy. A comparison of the values of dielectric constant for the fully inorganic and the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites indicates that, at low temperature when the organic cations are frozen, the dominant contribution to the dielectric screening is related to the relative motion within the lead halide cage
Eßer, Faina. "Cyclotron resonance and photoluminescence studies of dilute GaAsN in magnetic fields up to 62 Tesla." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-210245.
Full textMarchal, Rémi. "Métamatériaux acoustiques actifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066647/document.
Full textAccording with the elastic wave equation, the expression of the speed allows the motion of waves with an effective density and an effective compressibility both negative. How can we imagine and create a material of this kind, called metamaterial? What would be its properties?This experimental thesis involved to produce and to characterize a metamaterial for elastic Lamb waves (sismic waves) in the frequency range [1MHz-10MHz].On the basis of the Helmholtz theorem, the wave motion of Lamb waves is due to a coupling process between two vibrations states of the matter; one dipolar vibration (pure bending mode) coupling with one monopolar vibration (pure compressional mode). As a result, the modification of the macroscopic parameters governing the wave motion could be realised by the control of these only two vibrations states, thanks to homogeneous local resonators.Isolated silicon pillars and pairs of holes in silicon plate as potentially "good" candidate to fulfill this requirement. Structures were elaborated with deep reactive-ion etching technique (DRIE) using Bosch process in a silicon wafer.We had an experimental approach consisting in measuring the eigenfrequencies of the structures to select the one which allows fulfilling the homogenization criteria at the best and then mapping the scattered field associated to a Lamb wave interacting with the structures while vibrating onto the preselected eigenmode.To conduct this study, we used an all-optical experimental device. Generation of Lamb waves were managed to use an Nd:YAG laser focused along a line on the surface to get a white elastic source. The detection was realized with a power-operated Michelson interferometer, allowing to measure the displacement field with a resolution of around 1pm (on frequencies range of 1MHz).This study had allowed to evidence a scattering process described by the interference between the incident field and a reemitted wave emitted by the resonator. For the pairs of hole structures, these results enabled to understand the description of the bandgap of a phononic crystal in terms of bragg reflexion and to describe the dynamic of formation of phononic cavity modes. Concerning the pillars, these results enabled to make a device, using the Huygens-Fresnel principal, with the properties of a metamaterial.This PhD work follows on from the research projet of the team Acoustique pour les Nanoscience of the Nanosciences Institut of Paris (INSP).This work is jointly supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche and Direction Générale de l’Armement under grant ANR METACTIF. The simulations were realised in collaboration with a team at the Université Lille 1. The samples have been elaborated in MIMENTO facilities at Femto-ST institute in Besançon
Gauthier, Didier. "Magnetotransport sous pression hydrostatique dans le systeme gainas/inp." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0016.
Full textMoghrabi, Kassem. "Beyond-mean-field corrections and effective interactions in the nuclear many-body problem." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908607.
Full textRouvel, David. "Essai sur les symétries géométriques et les transitions de forme du noyau de l'atome." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE032/document.
Full textThe geometrical symmetries used in nuclear physics are not very diversified, essentially the symmetry of the triaxial ellipsoid. One proposes therefore a rigourous method allowing to study the temporal evolution and the possibility of the existence of new symmetries among them the tetrahedral symmetry. The formalism of SCHRÖDINGER equation is reformulated in the framework of RIEMANN’s spaces. This formalism is used in the context of the atomic nucleus where one applies the mean-field theory combined with the adiabatic approximation. The nucleus is the terrain of two types of motions adiabatically separated, the quick motion of the nucleons in the mean-field and the collective motion modifying slowly the meanfield. The second one is governed by a collective SCHRÖDINGER equation written down in a space whose metric is given by the mass tensor. The study of the nucleus geometry is then computable with the help of two big programs developped within the thesis
Liu, Ping Yi. "Réponse optique de InSb dans des conditions extrêmes de champ magnétique (B = 20T) et de température (T [égal ou inférieur à] 700 K)." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10165.
Full textLachaud, Jean. "Modélisation physico-chimique de l'ablation de matériaux composites en carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13291.
Full textCarbon-based composites are used in extreme conditions: Tokamaks, re-entry bodies, nozzle throats. Their walls undergo a surface recession, called ablation, mainly due to some gasification phenomena (oxidation or even sublimation). This work is a contribution to the improvement of the understanding of the near-wall material/environment interaction and to its modeling. Some original gasification experiments have been carried out, modeled, and quantitatively analyzed; a complex multiscale behavior of the materials is observed through their average recession velocity and a surface roughness onset mainly caused by their heterogeneous anisotropic structure. In order to explain these observations, a multiscale modeling strategy has been set up; it follows the characteristic scales of the composites: nanoscopic (carbon texture), microscopic (fiber, inter-fiber matrix), mesoscopic (yarn, inter-yarn matrix), and macroscopic (homogenized composite) scales. The proposed models notably integrate the local recession of the wall, the heterogeneous gasification reactions, and mass transfer. A numerical simulation tool, based on Monte-Carlo Random Walks, has been implemented, validated, and used to solve these models. Under some numerically validated hypotheses, an analytical homogenization provides the effective behavior of the composites as a function of the intrinsic reactivity of their components. The results of these phenomenological models have been validated by comparison to the laboratory experiments and applied for the analysis of actual applications. Physics-based criterions are made available for the choice or the fabrication of ideal materials
Introïni, Clément. "Interaction entre un fluide à haute température et un béton : contribution à la modélisation des échanges de masse et de chaleur." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0074/document.
Full textIn the late phases of some scenario of hypothetical severe accident in Pressurized Water Reactors, a molten mixture of core and vessel structures, called corium, comes to interact with the concrete basemat. The safety numerical tools are lumped parameter codes. They are based on a large averaged description of heat and mass transfers which raises some uncertainties about the multi-scale description of the exchanges but also about the adopted boundary layer structure in the vicinity of the ablation front. In this context, the aim of this work is to tackle the problem of the boundary layer structure by means of direct numerical simulation. This work joins within the more general framework of a multi-scale description and a multi-scale modeling, namely from the local scale associated with the vicinity of the ablation front to the scale associated with the lumped parameter codes. Such a multi-scale description raises not only the problem of the local description of the multiphase multicomponent flow but also the problem of the upscaling between the local- and the macro-scale which is associated with the convective structures within the pool of corium. Here, we are particularly interested in the building of effective boundary conditions or wall laws for macro-scale models. The difficulty of the multiphase multicomponent problem at the local scale leads us to consider a relatively simplified problem. Effective boundary conditions are built in the frame of a domain decomposition method and numerical experiments are performed for a natural convection problem in a stamp shaped cavity to assess the validity of the proposed wall laws. Even if the treated problem is still far from the target applications, this contribution can be viewed as a first step of a multi-scale modeling of the exchanges for the molten core concrete issue. In the more complicated case of multiphase multicomponent flows, it is necessary to have a direct numerical simulation tool of the flow at the local scale to build wall laws for macro-scale models. Here, the developed tool corresponds to a Cahn-Hilliard/Navier-Stokes model for a two-phase compositional system. It relies on a description of the system by three volume fractions and on a free energy composed by a two-phase part and a compositional part. The governing equations are derived in the frame of the thermodynamic of irreversible processes. They are solved on the basis of a finite element application of the object-oriented software component library PELICANS. Several numerical experiments illustrate the validity and the potentialities of application of this tool on two-phase compositional problems. Finally, using the developed tool, we tackle by means of direct numerical simulation the problem boundary layer structure in the vicinity of the ablation front for limestone-sand and siliceous concretes
Augier, C. "Expérience NEMO 3 - Avantages et limitationsProspective pour la physique double bêta." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011894.
Full textJe détaille ensuite dans le chapitre 3 les choix effectués pour la conception et la réalisation du détecteur NEMO 3, consacré aux études des processus de double désintaégration bêta. Les performances complètes du détecteur sont aussi rappelées, tant en terme d'identification des fonds, que pour l'ensemble des processus bêta bêta, ainsi que les moyens utilisés par la collaboration pour réduire d'un facteur dix le bruit de fond dû à la présence de radon dans le détecteur, le rendant ainsi négligeable. Ce chapitre, correspondant au "Technical Report" de l'expérience NEMO 3, est écrit en anglais et forme un ensemble complet destiné aux collaborateurs de l'expérience NEMO.
Je termine ce mémoire avec le chapitre 4, par une prospective à dix ans sur les futurs projets expérimentaux en physique de la double désintégration bêta, en insistant d'une part sur le projet SuperNEMO et le programme de R&D à réaliser en France au cours des trois prochaines années, et d'autre part sur la comparaison avec les expériences qui me semblent les plus prometteuses, comme GERDA ou CUORE, avec notamment l'étude de l'effet ds éléments de matrice nucléaires sur la mesure de la masse effective du neutrino.
Mansour, Salwa. "Contribution to certain physical and numerical aspects of the study of the heat transfer in a granular medium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S088/document.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in studying heat and mass transfer in water saturated and unsaturated porous medium with a strong heating at the surface. Applications concerned are archaeology, agriculture and geothermal engineering. The first part of this work concerns the improvement of the AHC (Apparent Heat Capacity) method used in the numerical resolution of phase change problem in a homogeneous medium: the phase change temperature interval, over which the heat capacity varies, appears as a key parameter which must be chosen proportional to the mesh size. Accurate and smooth results are obtained thanks to a local refinement of the mesh near the phase change interface. The second part is about the estimation of the thermophysical properties of the soil by inverse problem using both synthetic and experimental data. The Damped Gauss-Newton and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms are used to solve the problem. In relation with the AHC method, the choice of the phase change temperature interval caused convergence problems which have been fixed by chaining many inverse problems. The obtained results show good convergence to the desired solution. The third part presents a simple model to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of a granular medium which contains a small quantity of liquid water. The exact shape of the liquid menisci between the grains is calculated at equilibrium. The effective thermal conductivity experiences a hysteresis behavior with respect to the liquid volume. A future work that concerns a new unsaturated model, restricted to the pendular regime and detailed at the end of this thesis, should be able to use this result
Jiang, Yiting. "Anti-predator Behavior of Birds and Conservation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS076/document.
Full textPrey rely on escape decisions when confronted with predators to maximize the benefits of staying put while reducing the costs of predation. This life history compromise can be reflected by flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an individual takes flight when approached by a human. I addressed potential factors explaining variation FID with data from bird species in Europe. Genetic variability was related to predation risk FID; threatened bird species generally had a longer FID than non-threatened closely related species; evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), an indicator reflecting the phylogenetic isolation of taxa, was positively related to FID in waterbirds; mean FID of different species of birds was positively correlated with species-specific levels of MDA (malondialdehyde which is an index of oxidative stress) and UA (uric acid, which is a metric of antioxidant capacity) and FID increased with flock size in gregarious species but not in non-gregarious species. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the causes and consequences of interspecific differences in anti-predator escape behavior of birds, and, more importantly they may provide means for resolving conservation problems. Key words: body mass, brain size, effective population size, phylogenetic linear model, oxidative stress, social behavior
Borsali, Redouane. "Etude theorique du comportement dynamique des melanges ternaires de polymere en solution : etude experimentale par spectroscopie rayleigh quasi-elastique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13138.
Full textFiguet, Emeric. "Impact génomique des stratégies d'histoire de vie et reconstruction de traits ancestraux chez les amniotes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS101/document.
Full textUnderstanding the reciprocal influence between genotype and phenotype has been a long-standing goal of modern biology. Many aspects of evolution at the molecular level are well known to respond to demographic or life history characteristics of species. In particular, the nearly-neutral theory postulates that small populations accumulate a heavier load of slightly deleterious substitutions in their genome as a result of increased genetic drift. Base composition has also been shown to reflect the influence of macroscopic parameters through the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion. However, the development and empirical validation of these theories are mostly based on a restricted diversity of organisms, in which mammals stand as a major contributor. In this thesis, using a comparative approach and tens of transcriptomes, we aimed at extending to Amniota our understanding of the determinants of molecular evolutionary patterns. With the incorporation of all clades of reptiles, we confirmed the major role of the effective population size on species ability to purge deleterious amino-acid changes, while revealing a paradoxical response of the dN/dS ratio in birds, raising a stimulating enigma. The biased gene conversion also emerged as the main driver of coding sequence GC content in vertebrates, including reptiles and fishes, whose genomic homogeneity had kept its signal hidden for long. In parallel, the relations between life-history traits and molecular parameters have enabled us to investigate and make progress in the field of ancestral body mass reconstruction. We focused on the Cetartiodactyla order, a group which is mainly characterized by large extant species (such as camel, giraffe or whales). The combined analysis of the yet untested mitochondrial marker and nuclear genes, including 21 newly sequenced transcriptomes, testified in favor of the singular result of a small cetartiodactyl ancestor, in agreement with the palaeontological record, demonstrating the strong potential of DNA sequences to reveal the past of organisms
El, Hadjen Hakim. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans les turbomachines à écoulement subsonique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00551289.
Full textBlankenburg, Christoph. "Estimation of Curvature and Torsion of Discrete Mammalian Cell Paths through Porous Media." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0026/document.
Full textThe extraction of cancerous cells from body uids is an important procedure in clinical diagnostics and therapy. Notably, when the separation technique is based on cell chromatography, it is important to have precise knowledge about binding capacities of target cells in porous media. Therefore, experiments using time-resolved micro-computed tomography were designed and carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The curvature and torsion distributions of cell paths in a two-phase ow through a porous medium are valuable information to characterize the efficiency of chromatographic processes. However, the computation of torsion is very challenging, since it is based on higher order derivatives which are very sensitive towards discretization noise. In this thesis, two new curvature and torsion estimation methods of particle paths are presented. The first method is based on a Fourier approximation. Case studies showed a decrease of the torsion estimation error of at least 65% compared to the commonly used spline approximation. Moreover, the smoothing parameter of the Fourier approximation can remain unchanged for both a wide range of lateral resolutions and curvatures and torsion values. Since this Fourier approximation approach cannot be applied at non-equidistant points, a second method based on the discretization of the differential-geometric formulas (DDGF) was developed. The spline approximation and the DDGF led to similar mean torsion errors. However, the filter mask remains unchanged for the DDGF, whereas the smoothing parameter of the spline approximation must be adapted to the curve shape and discretization
Boumaaza, Mouna. "Experimental investigation of gas diffusivity and CO2-binding capacity of cementitious materials." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03285120.
Full textThe current standardized methods used to investigate the carbonation performance of concrete are based on the direct determination of the pH variation on the surface of a concrete specimen exposed to ambient or higher CO2 concentration. These methods are either time-consuming (natural carbonation) or of a questionable accuracy (accelerated carbonation). The carbonation physicochemical process involves two major mechanisms: gaseous CO2 diffusion into the cementitious material’s porous network and its dissolution and reaction with CaO of the hardened cement paste. Most carbonation depth prediction models require the CO2-effective diffusion coefficient and the amount of carbonatable products as input parameters. Hence the aim of this work is to develop two simple and reliable test methods to determine these two properties in a reliable and cost-effective manner.First we developed and validated a test method to determine the oxygen-effective diffusion coefficient (De,O2) of nine different hardened cement pastes preconditioned at different relative humidity levels, and 44 concrete mixtures. The influence of the hydration duration, water-per-binder ratio, accelerated carbonation, and binder type on the oxygen diffusivity was investigated. The dependence of the De,O2 on the tested concrete specimen thickness was investigated at the dry state and after conditioning at 93%RH. The De,O2 was determined before and after full carbonation of six concrete mixtures previously conditioned at different RH. A correlation between oxygen permeability and diffusivity is investigated on 44 concrete mixtures.A second test method is developed to determine the instantaneous CO2 binding rate and the amount of carbonatable products of powdered hydrated cement pastes and synthetic anhydrous and hydrates. The samples were carbonated in open systems at ambient CO2 concentration and controlled relative humidity, and then the system switches into a closed configuration while the measurement of the CO2-uptake is performed over a short period of time. The test method allows for the measurement of the carbonation reaction rate and capacity; and their evolution as function of time under different RH. The developed method shows advantages for being nondestructive, allowing the samples to carbonate at controlled CO2 concentration and humidity, and providing measurements with low cost equipment. A good agreement between the test method results and thermogravimetric analysis was observed, which highlights the reliability and accuracy of the developed test method.The results obtained from the gaseous diffusion coefficient and carbonatable products test methods were used as inputs for carbonation depth prediction models. A correlation was investigated between the measured carbonation depth on different concrete and hydrated cement pastes mixtures by means of phenolphthalein solution under both natural and accelerated exposure. The results were compared with the calculated carbonation depth using our experimental results
Die zurzeit verwendeten Methoden zur Untersuchung des Karbonatisierungs-widerstandes von Beton basieren auf der direkten Bestimmung des pH-Wertes der oberflächennahen Betonrandzone, die zuvor einer bestimmten Prüflagerung ausgesetzt war (relative Luftfeuchte, spezifische CO2-Konzentrationen). Diese Methoden sind jedoch entweder sehr zeitaufwändig (natürliche Karbonatisierung) oder von fraglicher Praxisnähe (beschleunigte Karbonatisierung). Der physikalisch-chemische Karbonatisierungsprozess beinhaltet zwei Hauptmechanismen: die Diffusion von gasförmigem CO2 in das poröse Netzwerk des Betons und dessen Auflösung und Reaktion mit CaO der ausgehärteten Zementsteins. Die meisten Modelle zur Vorhersage der Karbonatisierungstiefe erfordern den effektiven CO2-Diffusionskoeffizienten und die Menge an karbonatisierbarer Masse als Eingabeparameter. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zwei einfache und zuverlässige Testmethoden zu entwickeln, um diese beiden Eigenschaften zuverlässig und kostengünstig zu bestimmen.Nach Entwicklung und Validierung einer geeigneten Testmethode zur Messung von Sauerstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten (De,O2), wurden diese an neun verschiedenen Zementproben gemessen, die bei unterschiedlichen relativen Luftfeuchten vorkonditioniert wurden. Anschließend wurden 44 verschiedene Betonmischungen geprüft. Bei diesen wurde die Hydratationsdauer und der Wasserbindemittelwert variiert. Die Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten De,O2 von der getesteten Betonprobendicke wurde im trockenen Zustand und nach Konditionierung bei 93% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit untersucht. Der Sauerstoffkoeffizient De,O2 wurde vor und nach der vollständigen Carbonisierung von sechs Betonmischungen bestimmt, die zuvor bei unterschiedlicher relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit vorkonditioniert worden waren. Eine zweite Testmethode wurde entwickelt, um die momentane CO2-Bindekapazität und die Menge an karbonatisierbarer Masse aus pulverförmigen Zementhydratpasten und synthetischen wasserfreien Produkten und Hydraten zu bestimmen. Die Proben wurden zunächst in offenen Systemen bei einer CO2-Konzentration in der Umgebung und einer kontrollierten relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit gegeben, um danach dann in eine geschlossene Konfiguration umzuwechseln. So konnte man die CO2-Aufnahme über einen kurzen Zeitraum nachverfolgen. Die Testmethode ermöglicht die Messung der Karbonatisierungsreaktionsrate und –kapazität in Abhängigkeit der Zeit unter verschiedenen relativen Luftfeuchten der Umgebungsluft. Es wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Ergebnissen der Testmethode und der thermogravimetrischen Analyse festgestellt, was die Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit der entwickelten Untersuchungsmethodik unterstreicht.Die Ergebnisse beider Tests wurden als Input für Vorhersagemodelle für den zeitabhängigen Karbonatisierungsfortschritt von Beton verwendet. Es wurde eine Korrelation zwischen der gemessenen Karbonatisierungstiefe an verschiedenen Beton- und Zementhydratmischungen mittels Phenolphthaleinlösung untersucht, wobei u. a. Karbonatisierungstiefen bestimmt nach natürlicher Lagerung mit berechneten/vorhergesagten Karbonatisierungstiefen, die mithilfe der vorgestellten Modellierung und Inputdaten aus Test miteinander verglichen wurden
Mercier-Depuydt, Eliane. "Contribution a l'etude des collisions ion-atome a basse energie : un modele semi-diabatique pour les courbes de potentiel des ions moleculaires arh**(+*) et hene**(+*)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066522.
Full textVernon, Kristy C. "Strongly localised plasmons in metallic nanostructures." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19318/.
Full textSochala, Pierre. "Méthodes numériques pour les écoulements souterrains et couplage avec le ruissellement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004625.
Full textKerdi, Banan Khaled. "Transport quantique des trous dans une monocouche de WSe2 sous champ magnétique intense." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30009.
Full textTransition metal dichalcogenides are made up of a stack of atomic monolayers bound together by weak Van der Waals interactions. When a single layer of this material is isolated, the crystal inversion symmetry is broken, leading to the degeneracy lifting of the electronic states having different spins in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. The effective Landé factor (g*) which arises in the Zeeman energy is a parameter which characterizes, among others, the band-structure of the material. It is exceptionally large in WSe_2 monolayers thanks to the presence of heavy tungsten atoms as well as electronic interactions. Its experimental determination through electrical resistance measurements under intense magnetic field constitutes the objective of this thesis. First, WSe_2 monolayers are produced by mechanical exfoliation of the mother material and their electrical addressing at the micrometric scale is achieved by clean room processes involving electron-beam lithography. Their magneto-resistance is studied under extreme conditions of low temperature and high magnetic field. The charge carrier density, holes in the thesis, can be varied in situ thanks to field effect. In WSe_2 monolayers, the quantization of the Landau level energy modified by the Zeeman effect is revealed by the presence of complex magneto-resistance oscillations (Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations). A dedicated theoretical model, where disorder is introduced through a Gaussian broadening of the Landau levels, is necessary for a quantitative understanding of the experimental results. The components of the resistivity tensor are simulated by this model where the main fitting parameters are the electronic mobility, the mobility edge of the Landau levels and the effective Landé factor. The fitting of the experimental results allows the extraction of g* for a hole density ranging from 5.10^12 to 7.5.10^12 cm^-2, which follows the trend reported in the literature. Beyond the innovative approaches in terms of experimental conditions and modelling, this study confirms the importance of electronic interactions in understanding the electronic properties of this material