Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aquaculture farm

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Aquaculture farm'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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Abeysinghe, D. H., A. Shanableh, and B. Rigden. "Biofilters for water reuse in aquaculture." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0287.

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Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding industry in Australia and around the world. The majority of aquaculture operations employ flow through systems whereby residual feed and metabolic products are discharged to a nearby water body. In many countries, the discharge of nutrients rich aquaculture waters has contributed to the degradation of water quality in receiving water bodies. Aquaculture's dependency on water resources ultimately makes water recycling an attractive waste management option. Submerged flow biofilters, utilising a filter media with specific surface area of approximately 141m2/m3, were used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from a synthetic fish farm water. Three biofilter systems were tested for nitrification, nitrification followed by denitrification, and combined nutrients removal. Successful carbon removal and nitrification were achieved in the nitrification system. The nitrification/denitrification biofilters achieved complete denitrification and nitrogen removal. The cyclic aerated/unaerated combined nutrients removal system achieved approximately 40 percent phosphorus removal, complete nitrification and 40 percent denitrification. The study demonstrated the viability of using biofilters for nutrients removal from fish farm waters. Biofilters are readily designed and constructed in modular form which makes such systems particularly useful for water quality management in aquaculture.
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Bottema, Mariska J. M., Simon R. Bush, and Peter Oosterveer. "Assuring aquaculture sustainability beyond the farm." Marine Policy 132 (October 2021): 104658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104658.

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Ferreira, J. G., A. J. S. Hawkins, and S. B. Bricker. "Management of productivity, environmental effects and profitability of shellfish aquaculture — the Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model." Aquaculture 264, no. 1-4 (April 2007): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.12.017.

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Lan, Hsun-Yu, Naomi Ubina, Shyi-Chyi Cheng, Shih-Syun Lin, and Cheng-Ting Huang. "Digital Twin Architecture Evaluation for Intelligent Fish Farm Management Using Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010141.

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Precision aquaculture deploys multi-mode sensors on a fish farm to collect fish and environmental data and form a big collection of datasets to pre-train data-driven prediction models to fully understand the aquaculture environment and fish farm conditions. These prediction models empower fish farmers for intelligent decisions, thereby providing objective information to monitor and control factors of automatic aquaculture machines and maximize farm production. This paper analyzes the requirements of a digital transformation infrastructure consisting of five-layered digital twins using extensive literature reviews. Thus, the results help realize our goal of providing efficient management and remote monitoring of aquaculture farms. The system embeds cloud-based digital twins using machine learning and computer vision, together with sensors and artificial intelligence-based Internet of Things (AIoT) technologies, to monitor fish feeding behavior, disease, and growth. However, few discussions in the literature concerning the functionality of a cost-effective digital twin architecture for aquaculture transformation are available. Therefore, this study uses the modified analytical hierarchical analysis to define the user requirements and the strategies for deploying digital twins to achieve the goal of intelligent fish farm management. Based on the requirement analysis, the constructed prototype of the cloud-based digital twin system effectively improves the efficiency of traditional fish farm management.
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Naomasa, Emiko, Shawn Arita, Clyde Tamaru, and PingSun Leung. "ASSESSING HAWAII'S AQUACULTURE FARM AND INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE." Aquaculture Economics & Management 17, no. 2 (April 3, 2013): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2013.796235.

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Chang, Bea-Ven, Chien-Sen Liao, Yi-Tang Chang, Wei-Liang Chao, Shinn-Lih Yeh, Dong-Lin Kuo, and Chu-Wen Yang. "Investigation of a Farm-scale Multitrophic Recirculating Aquaculture System with the Addition of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum for Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Coastal Aquaculture." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071880.

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Globally, coastal aquaculture is growing due to the large demand for marine products. Specific impacts caused by coastal aquaculture on the environment include the discharge of culture farm effluents, stress on ground water (the absence of recycling), nutrient pollution, and diseases of cultured animals. Three methods, integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA), recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), and beneficial bacteria for aquaculture, have been developed to solve these problems. In this study, the advantages of IMTA and RAS were integrated to develop a novel multitrophic recirculating aquaculture system (MRAS) to adapt to the farm-scale culturing of milkfish (Chanos chanos). The photosynthetic bacteria Rhodovulum sulfidophilum was added to enhance the performance of the farm-scale milkfish MRAS. This setting could promote growth of beneficial bacteria, such as the nitrogen cycle-associated microbial community and the anoxygenic phototrophic Acidobacteria community. The ammonia level was reduced, and the total phosphorous level was stable in the water recycled in the MRAS. The cyanobacteria, algae, Vibrio, Escherichia, and other potential pathogenic bacteria communities were inhibited in the MRAS. This study provides an effective design of a water recycling aquaculture system. Milkfish, Asian tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Asian hard clam (Meretrix lusoria), and seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) can be cultured and simultaneously produced in the system.
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Kassem, Taher, Isam Shahrour, Jamal El Khattabi, and Ahmad Raslan. "Smart and Sustainable Aquaculture Farms." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910685.

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This paper presents the design and construction of a smart and sustainable fish farm. The farm is based on the hybrid aquaculture concept that combines the advantages of the recirculation aquaculture system (RAS), the zero-water discharge (ZWD), and smart technology. The system’s smartness consists of using the latest technology, including monitoring and automation, ensuring zero water discharge, good water quality, reduced energy consumption, and high biosecurity. In addition, the system does not use chemicals in the aquaculture process. The paper describes the design of this system, including the hydraulic system, the smart monitoring system, the feeding regime, and the control of the biological parameters. Tests conducted in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, showed high performance of this system with around 90% survival rate. In addition, observations showed the system’s capacity to maintain the water quality parameters within the optimal water quality ranges, reduce energy consumption, and sustain efficient shrimp waste recycling.
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TADA, KUNINAO, SHIGERU MONTANI, VEERAPORN SUKSOMJIT, TOSHIKAZU HIROSE, and KAZUHIKO ICHIMI. "Settling flux at Yellowtail Sariola quinqueradiata aquaculture farm." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 75, no. 3 (2009): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.383.

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Bush, Simon R., Peter Oosterveer, Mariska Bottema, Miranda Meuwissen, Yann de Mey, Sawitree Chamsai, Ho Hong Lien, and Mohan Chadag. "Inclusive environmental performance through ‘beyond-farm’ aquaculture governance." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 41 (December 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.09.013.

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Dewi, Rita Rosmala, Latiffah Hassan, Hassan Mohammad Daud, Mohd Fuad Matori, Zunita Zakaria, Nur Indah Ahmad, Saleha A. Aziz, and Saleh Mohammed Jajere. "On-Farm Practices Associated with Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Derived from Cultured Fish." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081520.

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Aquaculture activities have been implicated as responsible for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), leading to broad dissemination and transference of antibiotic resistance to pathogens that affect humans and animals. The current study investigates the on-farm practices and environmental risk factors that can potentially drive the development and emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquaculture system. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 19 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and 13 Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) farms on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire pertaining to farm demography, on-farm management practices and environmental characteristics. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli (n = 249) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 162) isolates were analyzed using multi-level binary logistic regression to identify important drivers for the occurrence and proliferation of the MDR bacteria. On-farm practices such as manuring the pond (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MDR E. coli, while earthen ponds (OR = 8.2; 95% CI = 1.47–45.2) and human activity adjacent to the farm (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 0.75–27.98) were associated with an increased likelihood of MDR V. parahaemolyticus. Considering the paucity of information on the drivers of AMR in the aquaculture production in this region, these findings indicate the targeted interventions implementable at aquaculture farms to efficiently abate the risk of MDR amongst bacteria that affect fish that are of public health importance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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Grødal, Jon Arne, and Frank Gjervik Paaske. "Context-Aware Services in Aquaculture : FiFaMoS - Fish Farm Monitoring System." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10074.

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This thesis focuses on context-aware services that make decisions based on the situation (i.e. context) of the involved entities. Context may in general be based on user input, sensed or derived (e.g. combination of multiple context entities). The type of such services is vast, but in this thesis the system is aimed towards the aquaculture industry. During the last years, aquaculture quality has become more and more important in the fish farming industry. But this importance has not been reflected yet in using information and communication technologies (ICT). The main problem in a fish farm is that most of them are without supervision for a long time while they are exposed to changing weather conditions. This problem gets even bigger when fish farms are established far from land and often becomes exposed to extreme weather conditions. In order to minimize the consequences caused by lack of information on the fish farm (such as weather conditions and other variables) when there is no workers around, ICT surveillance systems should be used. Context-aware services are perfectly suited for this type of application, and the task of this thesis is to specify, design and implement a context-aware application for the aquaculture industry. This includes a context source application, a context consumer application and a service to be deployed on a context management system. Our solution is named FiFaMoS (Fish Farm Monitoring System) and is based on the APMS context manager. This is a context management system that provides easy service deployment due to built-in support of multiple binding types as well as persistent storing of context. As a context source, an application for an M2M module is developed. There will be one module situated at each sea cage, which collects information like feed level, temperature, pH, oxygen level from the sensors. In addition, the module gets the positioning information for the sea cage from a connected GPS receiver. This information is periodically sent to the context manager that interprets the context and makes it available to users of the system (context consumers). In addition alarms will be triggered if values are out of bounds. It has been developed two different context consumers; one for personal computers and one for mobile phones. In these applications it is possible to view both current and historical sensor values, and receive alarms. It is also possible to alter the fish farm configuration via the PC client. Aspects that will be discussed are the use of different binding types, representation of data when transmitting and storing, hardware choices and various implementation choices. The implemented FiFaMoS system uses web services as binding to get a loosely coupled system, and objects are represented in XML which makes the system easy to alter. Detailed testing has been performed, and the system works as intended.

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Oviedo, Linda L. "The Genesis II project integrated sea water farm : commercial agriculture and aquaculture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69379.

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Van, der Merwe Elizabeth. "Toward best management practices for the growth of the abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus on a commercial South African abalone farm." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2745.

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Ponton, Timothy John. "Investigating phytoplankton fluctuations and drum filter effectiveness on an abalone farm in Hermanus, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8307.

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol)
Aquaculture is a growing industry in South Africa, with the production of abalone, Haliotis midae, at the forefront. The Western Cape Province hosts 12 of the 18 abalone farms in South Africa, with a concentration of farms in the Walker Bay region of Hermanus and Gansbaai. Walker Bay is situated on the western side of the Agulhas bank, which allows warm water from the Agulhas current, as well as cold water from the Benguela current to mix. This area experiences seasonal upwelling pulses in summer, which provide the environment with a high nutrient load. This encourages the prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HAB) that can consist of toxin-producing dinoflagellate species. These species have the ability to kill organisms in the nearshore. This poses a problem for aquaculture farms situated in the area, where HAB events have caused the death of millions of abalone and has decreased productivity of farms in previous years. Farms therefore need to implement stringent phytoplankton monitoring schedules, as well as develop better filtering methods to reduce the density of phytoplankton that may flow into the farm. This study aimed to understand the phytoplankton community assemblages that may be pumped into an abalone farm (Abagold Ltd) over a 16 month period. This was achieved by investigating how phytoplankton community metrics such as abundance, species diversity, richness and evenness fluctuated over a 16 month time period. The frequency of HABs were investigated, comparing the peaks of blooms and how they differed between seasons and the subsequent impact on monitoring activities by the farm until the bloom passes. Secondly, a study was done to determine the efficiency of drum filters to reduce the density of phytoplankton cells from the water that is sourced from the ocean and pumped through the farm. Phytoplankton community assemblages were sampled and identified to genus level, and species level when possible, once a day for 16 months, from September 2018 to December 2019. As the risk of potential HAB formation rises, the number of sample collections increased to assist in the decision making process of the operational manager of the abalone farm to mitigate negative impacts originating from HAB events. The species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou’s index of evenness were calculated. The number of phytoplankton samples collected each day were tallied to understand the change in monitoring frequency with regard to HAB abundance. Phytoplankton community samples were collected before and after a 15 μm drum filter during bloom events, after which the densities were then compared. The peak mean monthly cell density occurred in late early autumn of 2019 (March: 721 179 ± 226 473 cells/l). During this time, the diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) of species was lower than that of mid spring and this trend is supported by literature, where a decrease in diversity occurs with an increase in HAB density. The relative abundance of species was calculated to quantify the dominant species present
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Pietrak, Michael. "Investigations into the ecology and interactions of pathogens within an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture farm." Thesis, The University of Maine, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3573312.

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The recent research focus on integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is redefining the aquaculture industry's approach to intensive aquaculture. More sustainable farm model systems that include multiple farm products with integrated trophic levels are being developed. While these systems may be economically and environmentally more sustainable, it is important to realize that integrating farm products also changes disease risk on farms. This is illustrated by examining how finfish disease risk can increase or decrease depending on the pathogen in a simple finfish / blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) IMTA system. Mussels bio-accumulate and repackage the opportunistic pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, into infectious fecal particles increasing the potential risk of infection and creating new transmission pathways. In contrast, mussels appear to inactivate the viral pathogen, Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) and potentially serving a role in reducing the transmission of the virus onto and off of IMTA farms.

To understand disease risk on IMTA farms, it is no longer adequate to simply investigate how a given pathogen interacts with its host under a range of environmental conditions. Evaluating the disease risk in IMTA systems requires a better understanding of how pathogens may potentially interact with all of the components of the farm system, while recognizing new potential pathways that may be created or enhanced within and by the system its self. Through a more comprehensive understanding of these potential interactions farmers can apply a range of bio-security and best management practices to limit the risk of disease on IMTA farms. With good management IMTA farms should not increase the risk of disease, but may actually reduce the spread of pathogens in some situations.

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Pudota, Jayaprabandh. "Seasonal Variations in Biofouling and Plankton Community Connected to a Large Scale Salmon Farm." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12792.

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Biofouling is the one of the main problems in marine finfish aquaculture. Biofouling occludes the nets and incurs major costs to fish farmers in the form of copper containing anti fouling paints used on the net surfaces, cleaning and changing of nets. Copper containing anti fouling paints is the major protective method in use by the fish farmers, but given the toxicity of the copper towards the marine invertebrates and its ability to accumulate in the food chain, it may face a ban in marine aquaculture. So, there is a need to develop better anti fouling methods which will be as effective as copper, have least impact on the environment and cost effective to use. To design these, better understanding of the process of biofouling is needed. There is little data available about the biofouling in marine aquaculture.In this regard, I studied biofouling in a marine cage aquaculture farm (ACE/Tristeinen), located in mid-Norwegian coastal waters. In this study, knot less nylon net panels and Micanti net panels were used to compare different aspects of biofouling and to test the effectiveness of the Micanti nets. Zooplankton samples were collected and analyzed with a focus on the larval stages of the fouling organisms, to relate the plakntonic stages of the foulers in the zooplankton sample to the foulers present on the net panels. Sea lice larval stages presence in the zooplankton samples was also detected to study the movement of sea lice larval stages.Analysis of the net panels and zooplankton samples together showed a trend between the larvae of foulers found in the zooplankton samples and foulers present on the net panels. On net panels hydroids, mussels, algae, amphipods and nudibranchs accounted for the major proportion of the fouling. On nylon net panels hydroids were more compared to mussels and on Micanti net panels mussels were more compared to hydroids. Nets occlusion and net fouling wet weight was slightly less on the micanti net panels compared to nylon net panels. Few sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis larval stages were found in the zooplankton samples. Micanti did not work as expected, as it having problems with strength, length and density of the fibers flocked on the net. Improving these would help to improve the functionality of the Micanti nets as a better non-toxic antifouling technology.
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Pengseng, Puan Boyd Claude E. "Resource use and waste production at a semi-intensive black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon farm." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2002-04-08/PENGSENG_PUAN_14.pdf.

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BELLUCCI, ALESSANDRA. "The problem of biofouling for human activities: insights from Italian marinas and an Adriatic Finfish farm." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253114.

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Il biofouling marino è definito come la comunità di organismi che incrostano i substrati duri artificiali immersi in mare e la sua composizione è influenzata da diversi fattori ambientali. Poche informazioni sono disponibili circa le variazioni spazio-temporali del biofouling nelle marine e negli impianti di acquacoltura italiani, e sulla percezione del problema da parte dei diportisti. Lo scopo della tesi di dottorato è quello di studiare la variabilità spazio-temporale della comunità del biofouling in un porto turistico nell’Adriatico settentrionale e in un allevamento ittico dell’Adriatico meridionale. Sono inoltre presentati i risultati di un questionario on-line distribuito ai diportisti per ottenere informazioni circa la percezione del problema biofouling, quantificare le spese per la sua gestione, valutare il livello di consapevolezza circa l’impatto delle pitture antivegetative sull’ambiente marino e di conoscenza delle pitture siliconiche. I risultati mostrano che la comunità del biofouling del porto turistico è influenzata dalle variazioni spaziali e temporali di immersione dei substrati, in termini di numero di specie, composizione in specie, percentuale di ricoprimento e biomassa. In modo simile, la composizione e la biomassa della comunità presente nell’allevamento di pesci studiato sono fortemente influenzate dal periodo di immersione, stagionalità e profondità alla quale sono immersi i substrati. Inoltre, dal survey emerge che il biofouling è considerato un problema per le imbarcazioni e la navigazione da diporto, e sebbene le pitture antivegetative siano considerate un problema per l’ambiente dalla maggior parte dei diportisti, i dati indicano una mancanza di informazione circa nuove alternative più ecocompatibili, come le pitture siliconiche. La tesi di dottorato fornisce quindi nuovi dati sulle dinamiche della comunità del biofouling e nuove informazioni utili alla gestione sostenibile del biofouling nelle marine e negli impianti di acquacoltura italiani.
Marine biofouling is defined as the community of organisms encrusting the submerged hard substrates and whose composition is influenced by several environmental factors. Only a few information is available about spatial and temporal changes of biofouling within Italian marinas and about biofouling communities associated with Italian aquaculture farm activities. Moreover, there is also a lack of knowledge about the boat owners’ perception of biofouling problem. In order to fill this gap, the PhD thesis aims to study the spatial and temporal changes of fouling community in a recreational harbor in the north Adriatic Sea and in a finfish farm in the south Adriatic Sea. Moreover, a social investigation through an online survey is presented, with the purpose to investigate the boaters’ perception of biofouling as a challenge, quantifying the expenses related to biofouling management, assessing their awareness of negative impacts of antifouling paints on the marine environment and their knowledge of silicone coatings. Results shows that the community composition of biofouling in the recreational harbor is influenced by temporal and spatial variability, in terms of number of species, species composition, cover percentage and biomass. Similarly, the composition and biomass of biofouling community present in the finfish farm is strongly influenced by time of immersion, season and water column depth. Finally, the results of the survey suggest that biofouling is considered a problem for vessels and navigation, and although antifouling paints with biocides are considered a problem for the environment by most the participants, the survey indicates a lack of information on more environmental friendly alternatives such as silicone coatings. Overall, these results provide new insights on biofouling community dynamics and new data useful for the sustainable management of biofouling in Italian recreational navigation and aquaculture farm.
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Nyland, Justin Eric. "The Use of a High Energy Feed for the Improvement of Trout Farm Effluents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35304.

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The aquaculture industry has experienced a great expansion in recent years. Along with this growth, increased regulatory attention has been directed towards aquacultural effluents. The problem with the majority of these discharges is the solids and nutrient spikes that occur during times of high farm activity. Several studies have proven that these discharges have the potential to adversely affect downstream water quality. Although several treatment options are currently in use, the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs)has been recommended in recent years to improve the quality of these discharges. The implementation of one of these BMPs, the use of a high energy feed, was the focus of this study. In two separate experiments at trout raising facilities, the effluents of basins receiving a high energy feed were compared to similar basins receiving a standard trout grower feed. The water quality parameters of main concern were total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The results of these studies showed that the effluents of basins receiving a high energy feed generally contained significantly lower concentrations of TSS, but higher amounts of TKN than those receiving a standard grower feed.
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Fernandez-Gonzalez, Victoria. "Fouling amphipods on marine aquaculture facilities: ecological interactions and potential applications and potential applications." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/89091.

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Aquaculture facilities involve mooring a large amount of artificial structures in offshore areas, which are colonised by a wide group of marine organisms, forming characteristic fouling communities. Many studies have focused on determining what sessile organisms are able to settle on nets, ropes and buoys, owing to the specific problems they cause and their economic cost to the aquaculture industry. Although sessile fouling communities are well-studied from the point of view of controlling this community on aquaculture facilities, little is known about the epifaunal mobile species inhabiting these artificial structures. This thesis addresses the study of crustacean amphipods, which have been scarcely studied regarding their species composition and relation to the habitats created by the sessile species and despite being detected in high abundances. After the general introduction, which sets the study framework, Chapter 1 is a preliminary study on the composition of fouling assemblages on aquaculture facilities in the Mediterranean Sea, comparing them with others such as those in harbours or offshore structures. Therein, it is shown that fouling communities are made up of mainly bivalves, algae, hydroids and bryozoans and amphipods usually represent more than 80 % of motile fauna associated with these organisms. Moreover, amphipod assemblages are characterised by seven frequent and dominant species: Elasmopus rapax, Jassa marmorata, Jassa slatteryi, Ericthonius punctatus, Stenothoe tergestina, Caprella equilibra and Caprella dilatata. A quantitative study of amphipod densities is carried out in Chapter 2, where mean amphipod densities observed in fish farm fouling amounted to 176,000 ind.m-2 and reached maxima up to 1,000,000 ind.m-2. There, the role of the macro- and microhabitat in supporting such amphipod communities is explored. The effect of the modification of marine currents on pelagic communities due to the introduction of coastal infrastructures is analysed in Chapter 3. Therein, it was detected a retention effect on planktonic amphipods near such facilities, noticeable in the increased abundance of hyperiids and migrating amphipods from different benthic and floating habitats. The influence of fouling amphipods on other habitats is analysed in Chapters 4 and 5, it is shown that fish-farm fouling acts as a source population of amphipods dispersing towards both defaunated sediments in soft-bottoms and surrounding floating habitats. Finally, in the last chapter, based on the possibility of using wild fauna already growing in fish farms, the applicability of amphipods as an accessory culture is tested in an offshore integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system with finfish as main fed species. Throughout this thesis it has been shown that fish-farming activities affect the amphipod assemblage in several ways such as the establishment of high population densities or the intimate connectivity between different subpopulations. As a result, a new potential commercial application arises from the possibility of using them as biofilters of aquaculture wastes, within an off-coast integrated multitrophic aquaculture system, promoting a more sustainable development of aquaculture in the marine environment.
Las estructuras artificiales que conforman las instalaciones de acuicultura en mar abierto suelen ser colonizadas por multitud de organismos marinos, que forman comunidades de fouling características en estas estructuras. Muchos estudios se han centrado en la descripción de los organismos sésiles que se desarrollan sobre cabos, redes y boyas de las instalaciones de acuicultura, debido a los problemas que generan para el cultivo y los costes adicionales que significan para la industria derivados de su necesaria eliminación. Sin embargo, aunque las comunidades de fouling sésiles han sido bien estudiadas desde el punto de vista de su control en las instalaciones de acuicultura, poco se sabe sobre la epifauna que habita estas estructuras artificiales. Esta tesis se centra en el estudio de los crustáceos anfípodos, los cuales aún no han sido estudiados en cuanto a la composición de especies y a su relación con los hábitats creados por los organismos sésiles, a pesar de haber sido detectados en grandes abundancias en las instalaciones de acuicultura. Después de una introducción general, que establece el marco de estudio, el capítulo uno es un estudio preliminar sobre las comunidades de fouling de las instalaciones de acuicultura en el Mediterráneo, comparándolas con las desarrolladas en otras estructuras artificiales como puertos o plataformas petrolíferas. En este capítulo, se demuestra que las comunidades de fouling están compuestas principalmente por bivalvos, algas, hidrozoos y briozoos y que más de un 80% de la fauna asociada a estos organismos son anfípodos. Además el poblamiento se caracteriza por la presencia de siete especies de anfípodos que son frecuentes y abundantes: Elasmopus rapax, Jassa marmorata, Jassa slatteryi, Ericthonius punctatus, Stenothoe tergestina, Caprella equilibra y Caprella dilatata. Un estudio cuantitativo de las densidades de estos anfípodos se lleva a cabo en el capítulo 2, donde se encuentra que la densidad media es de 176.000 ind.m-2, con máximos de más de 1.000.000 ind.m-2. Allí se explora también el papel de los macro y microhábitats en mantener dichas poblaciones de anfípodos. El efecto de la modificación de corrientes sobre las comunidades plantónicas debida a la instalación de las piscifactorías se analiza en el capítulo 3. En él, se detectó una retención de los anfípodos planctónicos cerca de las instalaciones, evidenciada por el incremento en las abundancias de hipéridos y de anfípodos migradores desde diferentes hábitats bentónicos flotantes. La influencia de las grandes densidades de anfípodos del fouling sobre otros hábitats se estudia en los capítulos 4 y 5, donde se observó que el fouling actúa como fuente de anfípodos migradores, exportando individuos que colonizan tanto sedimentos defaunados en el fondo marino como otros hábitats flotantes cercanos. Finalmente, en el último capítulo se analiza la posibilidad de aprovechar la producción natural y la conectividad observadas a través del cultivo de anfípodos como parte de un sistema de acuicultura multitrófica integrada (AMTI) en mar abierto con peces como especie principal. A lo largo de esta tesis, se demuestra que la acuicultura influencia las poblaciones de anfípodos marinos, tanto en el establecimiento de grandes densidades de población como en la conectividad entre las diferentes subpoblaciones. Como resultado, surge una nueva aplicación comercial de la posibilidad de usar los anfípodos del fouling como biofiltros, reciclando los residuos de la acuicultura dentro de un sistema de acuicultura multitrófica, garantizando así un desarrollo más sostenible de la acuicultura en el medio marino.
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Books on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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MacMillan, Scott M. Starting a successful commerical sponge aquaculture farm. [Waimanalo, Hawaii]: The Center, 1997.

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Fish farm: A simulation of commercial aquaculture. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings, 1993.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division, ed. Farm ponds for water, fish and livelihoods. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.

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Jensen, Gary L. Commercial production of farm-raised catfish. [Baton Rouge?]: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 1988.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ed. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.

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Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin. Aquaculture technology adoption in Kapasia Thana, Bangladesh: Some preliminary results from farm record-keeping data. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1995.

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Coche, A. G. Simple methods for aquaculture management for freshwater fish culture, fish stocks, and farm management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1998.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ed. Report of the FAO workshop on the on-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010.

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Alliance, Global Aquaculture. Best aquaculture practices: Shrimp farms. St. Louis, Mo. (5661 Telegraph Rd., Suite 3A, St. Louis 63129): Global Aquaculture Alliance, 2004.

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Brummett, Randall E. Aquaculture for African smallholders. Makati City, Philippines: ICLARM, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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Lambregts, Johannes A. D., Oral Capps, and Wade L. Griffin. "Seasonal Demand Characteristics for U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish." In Aquaculture, 231–46. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429037795-16.

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Morales, Gabriel A., Lorenzo Márquez, Adrian J. Hernández, and Francisco J. Moyano. "Enzyme use in aquaculture." In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 170–92. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0010.

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Abstract This chapter describes the main consequences of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and inositol phosphate isomers (InsPs) on nutrient digestibility, absorption, fish performance, health, the environment and how the use of enzymes in aquaculture contributes to more efficient and eco-friendly fish production.
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Cacho, Oscar J. "Development and Implementation of a Fish-Farm Bioeconomic Model: A Three-Stage Approach." In Aquaculture, 55–72. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429037795-5.

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Rodrigues, Pedro M., Nadége Richard, Mahaut de Vareilles, Tomé S. Silva, Odete Cordeiro, Luis E. C. Conceição, and Jorge Dias. "Assessing fish quality in aquaculture: a proteomics approach." In Farm animal proteomics, 28–30. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-751-6_6.

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Tett, Paul. "Fish Farm Wastes in the Ecosystem." In Aquaculture in the Ecosystem, 1–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6810-2_1.

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Choi, Hyung-Rim, Byoung-Kwon Park, Yong-Sung Park, Chang-Sup Lee, Ki-Nam Choi, Chang-Hyun Park, Yong-Hyun Jo, and Byung-Ha Lee. "Aquaculture Farm Facility Loss Management System." In U- and E-Service, Science and Technology, 173–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17644-9_19.

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Carter, Caitríona. "Sustainability interdependence and fish farm/environment interactions." In The Politics of Aquaculture, 95–134. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351014991-5.

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Silva, Tomé S., Pedro M. Rodrigues, Elisabete Matos, Tune Wulff, Odete D. Cordeiro, Ricardo N. Alves, Nadège Richard, et al. "Proteomics as a tool to understand fish stress in aquaculture." In Farm animal proteomics, 198–201. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-751-6_48.

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Carter, Caitríona. "Sustainability interdependence and access to fish farm sites." In The Politics of Aquaculture, 135–66. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351014991-6.

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Rodrigues, Pedro M., Samuel A. M. Martin, Tomé S. Silva, Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn, Denise Schrama, Márcio Moreira, and Cláudia Raposo. "Proteomics in Fish and Aquaculture Research." In Proteomics in Domestic Animals: from Farm to Systems Biology, 311–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69682-9_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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Piplani, Divya, Dinesh Kumar Singh, Karthik Srinivasan, N. Ramesh, Anil Kumar, and Viswa kumar. "Digital Platform for Data Driven Aquaculture Farm Management." In IndiaHCI'15: 7th International Conference on HCI, IndiaHCI 2015. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2835966.2836277.

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Saha, Sajal, Rakibul Hasan Rajib, and Sumaiya Kabir. "IoT Based Automated Fish Farm Aquaculture Monitoring System." In 2018 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciset.2018.8745543.

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A.V., Startsev, Korchunov A.A., Savitskaya S.S., and Kuzov A.A. "INNOVATIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISH FARMING LLC "PRIBOY"." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.143-147.

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The article provides statistical data on the cultivation of commercial fish in the Southern Federal District and its segment of the Volgograd region. In general, in this region, 13 fish farms, 6 pond farms, as well as more than a dozen private farms for breeding fish and crustaceans are registered. A brief description of one of these farms is given - LLC "Priboy", which is a diversified and has 355 hectares of ponds for various purposes, for growing carp and herbivorous fish. Sturgeon fish are kept in pools, cages and a modular intensive fish farming unit. Inside the farm there are fish processing shops and feed production. Prospects for cooperation with educational and research institutions of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation have been determined.
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Chen, Jui-Ho, Wen-Tsai Sung, and Guo-Yan Lin. "Automated Monitoring System for the Fish Farm Aquaculture Environment." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.208.

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Recalde, Luis, Hong Yue, William Leithead, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Hongda Liu, and Jiang You. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Sizing for Offshore Multi-Purpose Platforms." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96017.

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Abstract Integrating marine renewables and aquaculture is a complex task. The generated power of each renewable technology depends on its source cycle (wind, wave, solar PV), leading to periods of zero power production. On the other side, aquaculture farms require smooth and stable power supply since any power shortage can lead to the loss of the entire farm production. This paper illustrates the sizing of a hybrid energy system (wind,solar PV, energy storage) to power up the aquaculture farm. The sizing is based on available commercial technology and the system is mounted on a single multi-purpose platform. Reliability is improved by considering device redundancies. Such hybrid system has not been considered before for aquaculture farms. System rough sizing, based on simple online renewable energy calculators, is used to select existing renewable technologies and HOMER Pro simulation software is used to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the microgrid for all possible combinations of the technology selected and perform sensitivity analysis on wind turbine tower height, battery state of charge and solar PV panels reflectance. The optimisation is subject to combined dispatch strategy and net present cost.
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Osen, Ottar L., Per Martin Leinan, Martin Blom, Christer Bakken, Matias Heggen, and Houxiang Zhang. "A Novel Sea Farm Inspection Platform for Norwegian Aquaculture Application." In OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2018.8604648.

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Kostin, V. E., A. A. Silaev, and A. V. Savchic. "Information-Measuring System for Monitoring and Control Aquaculture of Pond Farm." In 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon.2019.8934366.

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Holmen, Ingunn Marie, Trine Thorvaldsen, and Karl Gunnar Aarsæther. "Development of a Simulator Training Platform for Fish Farm Operations." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62023.

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The Norwegian aquaculture industry is accident prone compared to other industries and employees report a high number of near-accidents. Furthermore, escape of fish is a challenge for the industry. There is a potential for increased safety for both humans and fish if operators can practice operations in a safe environment. Existing simulators are not suited for this context. This paper presents results from a research and development project aimed at developing a realistic simulator-based training platform for demanding fish farm operations. Three objectives guided the development process. First, a description of operations, aimed at identifying challenges and training needs, which formed the basis for selecting training scenarios well suited for aquaculture. Second, the development of mathematical models that could be used in the simulator were developed, and finally, a curriculum for training course modules to complete the platform. Platform thus points to the integration of the simulator and the practical and theoretical education of operators. In this article, the first and second part of the process are presented and discussed.
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Endresen, Per Christian, Martin Føre, Arne Fredheim, David Kristiansen, and Birger Enerhaug. "Numerical Modeling of Wake Effect on Aquaculture Nets." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11446.

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Accurate modeling of drag forces on net cages due to water current is important when designing floating fish farm systems. These drag forces give a major contribution to the total environmental forces on a fish farm, especially mooring line forces. When subjected to current, the net cage will deform. High current velocities can result in large deformations and lead to collapse of the net cage. For circular fish farms with a flexible floating collar, large deformations may induce contact between the weighting system and the net, resulting in abrasion that can cause tearing of the net material and consequently failure that will lead to fish escape. The motivation for this paper is to obtain a better understanding and more accurate model for drag forces and corresponding deformations of circular net cages due to water current. Calculation of drag forces on a net cage is complicated due to the porous nature of the net, geometry and flexibility of the system. Adding to the complexity is the wake effect, or reduced velocity, behind each individual twine which will have a significant effect on the forces and deformations of the net cage. This wake effect will result in reduced inflow velocity on parts of the net being downstream. A method for estimating wake effects acting within an aquaculture net structure was developed and implemented in a numerical code taking net deformation into account. Numerical simulations of a cylindrical net cage were compared with experimental results. Comparison between simulations with and without wake effect revealed a reduction in total drag up to 22% when wake effect was applied. Although the model consistently overestimated drag forces on the net cage (average deviation of 25%), simulation results compared well with measurement data, particularly for low current velocities where deviations were as low as 7%. This indicates a consistent wake effect and drag model that produces conservative estimates of drag forces on net cages.
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Kim, Min-Seob, Sejin Park, Jiyoung Son, Wonchan Lee, Jongwoo Choi, Kyunghoon Shin, and Minkyu Choi. "Trophic Structure and HBCD Biomagnification in a Marine Foodweb from Aquaculture Farm, South Korea." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1310.

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Reports on the topic "Aquaculture farm"

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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Miller, James E. Muskrats. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208744.ws.

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The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a common, semi-aquatic rodent native to the United States. It spends its life in aquatic habitats and is well adapted for swimming. Although muskrats are an important part of native ecosystems, their burrowing and foraging activities can damage agricultural crops, native marshes and water control systems, such as aquaculture and farm ponds and levees. Such damage can significantly impact agricultural crops like rice that rely on consistent water levels for growth. Laws, regulations, and ordinances regarding the take of muskrats varies by state and province where they are found and regulations on seasons, bag limits, and type of traps or devices that can be used to take them must be carefully followed.
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Kotler, Moshe, Larry Hanson, and Shane Burgess. Replication Defective Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 (CyHV-3) as a Combined Prophylactic Vaccine in Carps. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697104.bard.

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Aquacultured koi and common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) are intensively bred as ornamental and food fish in many countries worldwide. Hatcheries of carp and koi have recently suffered massive financial damages due to two viral diseases caused by the Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), previously designated as Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus (CNGV) and Koi herpesvirus (KHV), and by the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV). CyHV-3 is a large dsDNA virus, which is infectious mostly to koi and common carp, while SVCV is a rhabdovirus with a relatively broad host range. Both viruses induce contagious disease with mortality rate up to 90%. Strategies for the control of viral infection in fish are of limited use. While efforts to prevent introduction of infectious agents into culture facilities are desirable, such exclusion strategies are far from fail-safe. Extensive vaccination methods that are useful for use in aquaculture facilities produce weak immunity, when used with proteins or inactivated viruses. Methods to overcome this obstacle are to vaccinate the fish with large amounts of antigen and/or use adjuvant and immune modulators over a long period. These techniques usually require individual handling of the fish. On the other hand, live attenuated virus is efficient and economical when used as an immersionvaccine. However, this technique poses certain environmental risks and thus may be difficult to license and scale up. Another option is a vaccine based on the replication defective virus (RDV) (pseudovirus), which can infect cells, but is unable to produce infectious particles. This vaccine may circumvent many of the problems related to attenuated-live vaccine (e.g., inadvertent infection and reversion to the virulent strain).
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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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