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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aquaculture Fisheries Agricultural industries'
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1
Muhoozi, Levi Ivor. "Exploitation and management of the artisanal fisheries in the Ugandan waters of Lake Victoria." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3549.
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The fisheries resources of Lake Victoria support the livelihoods to the lakeside rural communities and are vital to the economies of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, especially through fish exports. Management decisions to enable long-term sustainable exploitation of these fisheries require appropriate knowledge of the fishing effort and catch statistics, as these are pertinent for evaluating the fish stocks and future prospects of the fishery. Catch assessment programmes in the Ugandan part of the lake, which should provide this type of information, collapsed in the late 1980s. This study evaluated the current status of fishing effort and fish catches and their implications for the management of the fisheries in the Ugandan part of Lake Victoria. Historical trends in fishing effort and fish catches, total fishing effort in 1990 and 2000, and the current status of fish catch-effort, in the Ugandan part of the lake, were examined.
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Vaterlaus-Staby, Claire F. "An Analysis of the Potential Environmental Remediation and Economic Benefits Anaerobic Digesters Offer to the Dairy and Swine Industries: A Comparison of China and the U.S." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078369.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the environmental remediation and energy potential of anaerobic digesters on pig and dairy farms and to demonstrate how incorporating those benefits into a cost-benefit analysis would make biodigester projects more financially feasible. By assigning dollar values to the emissions and water pollution avoided by this technology, I sought to update the traditional cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) to demonstrate that this technology is more widely applicable. The study took place In the Lake Champlain Drainage Basin, USA and the Lake Tai Drainage Basin, China. Dairy and pork production are high density endeavors and produce large quantities of waste which make them ideal candidates for biodigesters. Using standard emissions estimates and gas production rates from past research and from the current Cow Power Program in Vermont, the methane and nitrous oxide emissions averted by adding a biodigester to a particular farm were estimated. Additionally, using past research, the total nitrogen and phosphorous collected by the biodigesters and diverted from becoming classified as non-point source pollution was calculated, valued, and incorporated into a CBA tool. The results from this study show that the incorporation of environmental benefits in a CBA for Green Mountain Dairy increased profitability by 60% and reduced the payback period by two years. Overall, projects that include environmental benefits are 72% more profitable and the payback period is cut in half. Further development of the CBA tool is needed to strengthen results. This study points to the need for more experimental data on the environmental benefits of biodigesters.
3
McIntosh, Dennis. "Reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289234.
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Aquaculture has great potential to help supply the nutritional needs of a growing population. To date, however, the benefits that aquaculture can have, have largely been overshadowed by the environmental degradation some segments of the industry have caused. The following body of work describes my efforts to help reduce the environmental impacts of aquaculture. By integrating aquaculture production into traditional agriculture, the impact of farming on already limited water resources and the reliance on chemical fertilizers can be reduced. Recent expansion of the aquaculture industry in Arizona has made it possible to study the integration of olive groves with marine shrimp culture. In chapter 3, I describe the characterization and evaluation of the effluent from an inland, low-salinity shrimp farm as a potential source of irrigation water. I found that 0.41 kg of ammonia-nitrogen, 0.698 kg of nitrite-nitrogen, 8.7 kg of nitrate-nitrogen and 0.93 kg of total phosphorus (TP) were made available as fertilizer each day in the effluent water. Based on the results of this first study, I decided to conduct a farm trial to quantify the effects of these shrimp farm effluents on olive trees. This work is described in chapter 4. Trees in all treatment groups grew an average of 40.1 cm over the four month study period. While growth of trees irrigated with shrimp farm effluent did not improve in respect to the other treatments, our results do indicate that irrigating with low-salinity water had no noticeable negative effects. Chapter 5 describes work conducted in Idaho, as part of a larger study aimed at reducing the effluent loads of phosphorus (P) from high density, flow-through aquaculture facilities. Research steps were taken to establish a relationship between TP and the carbon 12/13 isotope ratio (δ¹³C) and/or the nitrogen 14/15 isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N). Our findings suggest that both δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C are good better proxies for P, after correcting for P retention. A linear regression of %P (corrected) on δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N resulted in R2 values of 0.843 and 0.8622, respectively. This suggests that by tracking δ¹⁵N and/or δ¹³C through a high-density, flow-through aquaculture facility over time I will be able to determine the residence time of P with a high degree of accuracy.
4
Sherif, Souad Mohammed. "The economic feasibility of introducing aquaculture into traditional farming systems in Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288781.
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The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of introducing fish culture into irrigated cotton production on farms in central Arizona. The representative farm adopted in this study is a cotton farm described in Arizona Field Crop Budgets, 1994-95. The only adjustment necessary for the farmer to make is to keep water in the ditches at all times. Water as a production variable for fish production was thus calculated only for the additional quantity required. Analysis of these production systems was accomplished by budgeting procedures as well as statistical analysis. The economic-engineering (synthetic firm technique) was employed to develop the input-output coefficients necessary for analysis. Five fish densities and eight ditch capacities were tested. The production function was estimated using input and yield data. Three functional forms (linear, quadratic and Cobb-Douglas) were examined to determine how well they estimated the production system. Using budget analysis, a fish stocking density of six fish per cubic meter and a ditch capacity of 2,925 m3 appear to provide the optimal production scenario, if the percentage of fish reaching harvestable size is improved from 66 percent to at least 80 percent. This density has been proven to require minimum production costs and to provide the most efficient use of resources. However, production functions estimated in this study indicate that profits can be increased through additional use of feed. At any ditch capacity, a density of six fish per cubic meter, provides the optimal economic results, MVP = PX2 Finally, the implication of the findings of this study are that raising tilapia in irrigation ditch systems on cotton farms in central Arizona is feasible at a stocking density of six fish per cubic meter. Studies to improve the percentage of fish reaching marketable size at this density is very critical. Increasing the initial size of the fingerlings could be a consideration in improving the percentage of fish reaching marketable size and eventually increasing optimum economic returns.
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Schnier, Kurt E. "Economic analysis of spatially heterogeneous resources: The case of the fishery." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280326.
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This dissertation investigates the implication of combining economic and ecological models in an effort to expand our knowledge of the complex problems associated with resource management. The motivation for this research arises from the perceived need to develop a better understanding of how the flow dynamics within a resource affect the efficient management of that resource. Following the introduction, the second chapter experimentally tests the theoretical models of agent behavior in patchy resource environments under both sole-ownership and competitive extraction regimes. In each setting experimental results indicate that subjects over-allocate vessels to regions that possess the greatest rates of emigration within the bioeconomic system relative to the theoretical predictions. This introduces a "spatial externality" because over-harvesting in one region reduces the harvest in the surrounding regions. The third chapter proposes a potential solution to the problems associated with a spatial externality by analyzing the use of marine reserves in the presence of a heterogeneously distributed resource. This is conducted by introducing the presence of biological "hot spots" (areas within a fishery that possess a larger growth potential than the surrounding areas) with spatial rates of migration into the current economic theory. Simulation results indicate that the presence of biological hot spots within a fishery creates an environment within which it is optimal to establish a marine reserve that increases the value of the fishery. The fourth chapter makes use of my earlier experimental and simulation research, which indicate that locational choice and the spatial distribution of effort should affect the management of the fishery. Within this chapter a spatial Heckit model is developed to empirically investigate for the presence of herding behavior among yellowfin sole and Pacific cod fishermen in the Eastern Bering Sea. Econometric results provide support for herding behavior among fishermen within the yellowfin sole fishery. Moreover, fishermen respond to the lagged biomass and spatially weighted biomass signals as significant determinants of locational choice. This results in Lotka-Volterra oscillations in the Pacific cod fishery. In the final chapter of this dissertation, the general findings are concluded and some future avenues of research are discussed.
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Ganter, Sylvain. "Modelling the Grand Banks commercial fishing fleet: Fleet structure, fishing performance and economic viability." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28165.
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The Grand Banks commercial fishing industry has been faced with several crises in the past decades. These crises have included the major financial crunch and inflation of the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as the resources collapse of the Northern cod stock and other groundfish stocks in the 1990s followed by the foreign fishing disputes of the mid 1990s. The thesis examines the evolution of the fishing industry in Atlantic Canada during these critical years with focus on the fisheries of the Grand Banks. A linear programming model of the configuration of the Grand Banks commercial fishing fleet is formulated to describe the post 2000 period. The model is driven using the results of an extensive analysis of historical records for this recent period. The model results are validated by comparing them with historical average annual data over the period 2000-2005. The linear programming model is run under several scenarios emulating changes in government policy and economic conditions affecting the harvesting sector. Based on the results, alternative fishing fleet configurations for the Grand Banks fishery are defined to improve the economic viability of the fishing fleet. The model pointed to changes in fleet configuration including a rationalization of the shrimp and crab fleets and a shift to longline vessels with higher-valued product for groundfish harvesting. Once implemented, these suggestions would advance the goals of the new "Oceans to Plate" approach to fisheries management recently announced by Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.
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Malleret-King, Delphine. "A food security approach to marine protected area impacts on surrounding fishing communities : the case of Kisite Marine National Park in Kenya." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2923/.
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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been suggested as one of the solutions to coral reef fisheries management. It is thought that their effects on biomass, species diversity and habitat could improve surrounding fisheries yields through fish migration and increased recruitment. However, MPAs' benefits on surrounding fisheries are difficult to establish due to the lack of historical data. Furthermore, the lack of involvement of stakeholders have led to a number of failures. MPAs in the form of No Take Zones (NTZ), which aim to promote the sustainable use of fisheries resources, might contribute to the successful management of coral reef fisheries. However, few studies have considered their benefits from the point of view of surrounding fishing communities. It is evident that if stakeholders are to be further involved in MPA management, they need to perceive the benefits. The hypothesis tested was that if NTZs are of benefit to surrounding communities, their food security situation would be improved. The fieldwork was carried out in Southern Kenya with five fishing communities located around a long established MPA. The study showed that a range of food security indicators gave good information on MPAs' benefits to the surrounding communities. It was found that these benefits were highly affected by distances. Thus, although fishing households were the least food secure, they were better off if they fished nearer the protected reefs. Households dependent on MPA-related tourism were the most food secure but this dependency decreased with the communities' distance from the main tour operators. The results showed that MPAs' benefits were not equally shared by the communities bearing most of the costs. In addition, it was also found that tourism seasonality does not always compensate for the seasonality of other activities. Furthermore, tourism could not be assumed to develop around MPAs and provide reliable alternative employment.
8
Stark, Alyson N. "The Consequences of Increasing Ocean Acidification on Local and Global Fishing Industries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/70.
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As human activities continue to generate accelerating levels of carbon dioxide emissions, the world’s oceanic resources are threatened by variability in seawater chemistry, known as ocean acidification. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide have resulted in decreased carbonate ion concentrations and ocean pH levels, leading to increasingly acidic waters. The exact consequences of these chemical changes on ecosystems and individual species are difficult to predict; however, research has shown that economically valuable calcifying species will experience reduced reproductive fitness and population declines. Ocean acidification, therefore, poses an immediate risk to both fish stocks and fishery industries. From a local perspective, individual regions will need to implement dynamic management strategies to prepare for anticipated economic consequences. In a global context, international cooperation is required for further research and collaborative efforts must be made to reduce future acidification.
9
Harrison, Sarah A. "Livelihood strategies and lifestyle choices of fishers along the Mississippi Gulf Coast." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618247.
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This study was initiated to assess the biological, ecological and sociological aspects of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, fishery associated with the Pascagoula River Estuary in southern Mississippi. Household surveys were conducted in the cities of Moss Point and Pascagoula, Mississippi, September 2010 to September 2011, to identify, describe and classify subsistence fishing activities associated with the estuary. A stock assessment of blue crab was conducted to determine how biological and environmental variability affect the people engaged in this subsistence fishery.
The study revealed two types of subsistence fishing occurring in the Moss Point/Pascagoula area. The first type involves fishing as a livelihood strategy based on economic dependence, and the second type involves fishing as a lifestyle choice based on economic independence. Both are based on customary and traditional patterns of local resource use and consumption and maintained by reciprocal kinship-based social networks.
The blue crab fishery in the Pascagoula River Estuary was highly variable and exhibited strong seasonal and spatial patterns in distribution and abundance. Subsistence fishers in the region have developed strategies to cope with this biological and environmental variability. These region-specific strategies include but are not limited to: fishing using multiple gears simultaneously (rod and reel and crab nets), freezing fish, relying on other natural resources including agriculture and wildlife, and generalized reciprocity.
10
Valdez-Gardea, Gloria. "People's responses in a time of crisis: Marginalization in the upper Gulf of California." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280024.
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This dissertation explores the creative ways in which particular individuals and the community in general, responds to economic crisis and perceived marginality. It shows how residents of El Golfo de Santa Clara, a small community in the upper Gulf of California, with their meager incomes, fuller utilization of kinship and other social sources, participation in illegal and informal activities, migration, and political participation, are contesting their marginality and resisting the social and economic outcome of state policies in the area. Residents' feeling of frustration and disempowerment increased during the early 1990s. Because of ecological changes and structural adjustment policies the shrimp industry in the Gulf of California collapsed. Household salaries dropped drastically; fishermen were unemployed and families had to look for different strategies to survive. In the midst of the economic crisis residents of El Golfo were told of the decree of a biosphere reserve, which initially had the objective of restricting fishing activity in the area. People's responses involved individual and collective performances and discursive critiques of state authority as represented by the management team of the biosphere reserve. Residents pressed their rights to get involved in the management of the area as well as their rights to get infrastructural services for the town. People's responses show that marginality and poverty had nothing to do with a 'natural' or 'biological' condition, as presented by some earlier anthropological studies of the Mexican countryside, but with a historical economic inequality and the distribution of wealth within the country. The peoples' responses to their economic and political situation underline a critique to their perceived identity as a "rural community" by the managers of the biosphere reserve and authorities that categorized rural people as backward, isolated, uncivilized, and unimportant in the larger social formation. These local responses to the political and economic context suggest that anthropologists should take a more engaged approach in the study of the Mexican countryside.
11
Medina, Miles D. "Effect of Aquafeed on Productivity of Red Amaranth and on Water Quality under Aquaponic Cultivation." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1206.
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Aquaponics, the integrated production of fish and hydroponic crops in a recirculating system, is an intensive cultivation method in which metabolic fish wastes fertilize plants. This study compares the effects of two aquafeeds on Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) productivity and on water quality under cultivation of Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), with three aquaponic units (n=3) per treatment over a 60-day trial. The fishmeal-based control feed contains higher crude protein (40%) and phosphorus (1.12%) than the plant-based alternative feed (32% and 0.40%). The alternative feed resulted in a significantly higher amaranth crop yield (p
12
Newton, David William. "Performative landscapes: Strategizing a man-made geology." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17903.
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Performative Landscapes examines and strategizes the production of artificial wetlands, port facilities, and recreational/commercial fishing areas by utilizing the excess dredge material generated by the Houston Ship Channel. Performative Landscapes seeks to propose a developmental tool kit and set of logics that will guide the growth of new wetlands and foster the production of integrated, not fragmented, program along Galveston Bay. The primary goal of the project then is to produce a design method, a generative seed, that can be used in the genesis of new and integrated man-made and natural systems along the coast, and in Galveston Bay. What I primarily advance in this thesis is a design analytic and a design method geared towards ecological and relational thinking. These two tools are derived and inspired by the concept of self-organization in material systems and the operational searching method of the genetic algorithm as defined by David E. Goldberg.
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Chandler, Richard Brooks. "Avian Ecology and Conservation in Tropical Agricultural Landscapes with Emphasis on Vermivora Chrysoptera." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/333.
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The world's biodiversity is concentrated in tropical ecosystems, yet tropical forests are being converted for agriculture at a rapid rate. I evaluated the potential of an alternative coffee production system known as Integrated Open Canopy (IOC) to contribute to avian conservation. This study was conducted from 2005-2010 in the Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica. My results indicate that species richness of forest-dependent birds was higher in IOC farms than in shade coffee farms, and was comparable to secondary forest sites. There was no difference in species richness of Neotropical-Nearctic migrants between IOC and shade coffee farms. Overall similarity was higher between IOC farms and primary forest than between shade coffee farms and primary forest. he golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera is a declining Neotropical-Nearctic migrant bird, yet little is known about its non-breeding season ecology and demographics. I found that golden-winged warbler abundance was highest at intermediate precipitation levels found at middle elevations (1000-1200 m) of the Pacific slope, but they were absent from the dry forests at lower elevations on the Pacific slope. Abundance peaked in forests with canopy heights of 22 m, and was positively related to the quantity of hanging dead leaves. Radio-telemetry data indicated that golden-winged warblers used microhabitat features characteristic of disturbance more frequently than expected by chance. Selection of these microhabitat features was related to their highly specialized dead-leaf foraging behavior, which may also have contributed to their high degrees of site fidelity, mixed-species flock attendance, and territoriality. These behaviors have important conservation implications because they constrain density, and thus could affect carrying capacity. Population dynamics were characterized by estimating plot-level and individual-level apparent survival and recruitment rates within and among non-breeding seasons. Both levels of analysis suggested that recruitment was too low to offset mortalities within this study area. This study indicates that increasing forest cover in tropical agricultural landscapes may be the most effective way of providing habitat for bird species of high conservation concern, including the golden-winged warbler. Integrated open canopy coffee production is one option for achieving this goal because it provides a financial incentive to protect or restore forest.
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Hart, Emily Rose. "Implementation of Aquaponics in Education: An Assessment of Challenges, Solutions and Success." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1126.
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Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture and hydroponic technology to grow both fish and plants together in a closed-loop system. While aquaponics can play a role in increasing food security, it may also be a potential educational tool because of its interdisciplinary nature and required technological skill set. With aquaponics, students could conduct hands-on activities involving chemistry, physics and biology to solidify their understanding of a range of theories. Beyond standard science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) principles, aquaponics may be related to projects on sustainability, environmental science, agriculture, the food system, health, economics, business and marketing. The interdisciplinary nature of aquaponics may make it an appealing tool for education, yet that same aspect may also make an aquaponics system challenging to implement and manage. Given this paradox, this exploratory research assesses challenges, solutions and success of aquaponics in education with a specific focus on implementation. Qualitative data were collected through phone interviews with educators (n=10) who currently, or had in the past, used an aquaponics system in an educational setting in North America. The most frequently described uses for aquaponics were flexible, hands-on teaching and learning of STEM and food-related concepts. Participants reported two broad challenges to implementing aquaponics: technical difficulties as a result of the nature of aquaponics and restrictions as a result of their school settings. Solutions given by participants were physical aquaponics system modifications and the development of intangible characteristics, especially community connections and support, passion for aquaponics and expertise. In this study, success in aquaponics in education emerged as a cyclical pattern: participants valued the overall learning experiences of aquaponics and the continued application of these learning experiences. Ultimately, these exploratory findings will help educators manage their expectations for aquaponics while establishing objectives for their particular educational settings.
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Malomane, Mmemogolo Aaron. "The role of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in strengthening existing second-tier agricultural cooperatives in South Africa." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11882.
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The study was undertaken to establish the role that should be played by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) to strengthen existing second-tier agricultural cooperatives in South Africa to ensure that they are able to provide support services to member cooperatives. Ten existing second-tier agricultural cooperatives in the Zululand district of the province of Kwazulu Natal took part in the study.
The results indicate that although these cooperatives understand the services to provide, they lack capacity mainly due to lack of the necessary infrastructure, finance and skills. The study recommends that DAFF should recognise the significance of this tier of cooperatives and provide direct and focused support. DAFF should develop a Cooperative Development Strategy for the sector that clearly articulates how it is going to support this level of cooperatives. Among others DAFF should also provide initial infrastructure to these cooperatives and facilitate private-public-partnership initiatives.Public Administration & Management
M. Tech. (Public Management)