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Viriyatum, Rawee Boyd Claude E. "Potassium fertilization of bluegill ponds." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1940.
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Fynn, Iris Ekua Mensimah. "Pond aquaculture spatial distribution, production and productivity determinants in Ghana." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71664.
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The choice of a suitable site for any aquaculture practice is a critical decision to make since it has a large impact on the economic profitability of the venture, considering the fact that location defines the amount of capital needed, production costs, yield and access to market. The limited public and private sector support for small-scale aquaculture can be optimized if farms are zoned into areas with relatively similar performance and needs. Considering the high rate at which aquaculture is increasing globally and its consequent impact on the environment, it is projected that improvements will be made in the practices employed in aquaculture. As these improvements are made, there is the need for the review of the location of aquaculture infrastructure and services in order to increase the productivity of the sector. Also, aquaculture statistics such as location of farms and production estimates are fundamental to policy making and development planning at both national and global levels. Aquaculture statistics are however chronically scanty or unreliable in developing countries such as Ghana. Thus, the goal of this study was to show the relative suitability of areas in Ghana for aquaculture and identify the key variables to be considered in the development (including improvement of existing farms) of the aquaculture sector of the country. I used satellite imagery and GIS data in combination with field observations and questionnaires, to develop a map of the feasibility of pond aquaculture in Ghana and provide a reliable estimate of the number of ponds, their areas, productivity and aggregate production in the country. The main factors that have influenced the current distribution of pond aquaculture in Ghana are population density (indicating the availability of markets, input and labor) and proximity to stream and road networks. My results show a gross underestimation of the number of fish ponds in the country and smaller sizes of ponds than existing records suggest. The average water depth of ponds in Ghana is only half of the recommended depth which explained over 80% of the variation in productivity among farms. I estimated the contribution of ponds to domestic fish production to be two to three times what has been previously reported, but still well below the potential. The results of this study will be vital to current national and international efforts to improve aquaculture enterprises in Ghana.Master of Science
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Saha, Nirmal Chandra. "An economic analysis of pond polyculture in Bangladesh : efficiency, comparative returns, and related environmental and poverty issues /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17133.pdf.
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Ansah, Yaw Boamah. "Enhancing Profitability of Pond Aquaculture in Ghana through Resource Management and Environmental Best Management Practices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51122.
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The accelerating pace of growth of aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa has received much positive appraisal because of the potential of the industry to contribute to economic development and food security by providing jobs and animal protein. Adoption of best management practices (BMPs) holds the potential to ameliorate the related environmental impacts of aquaculture, such as in the amounts of nutrients and sediment that will enter natural water bodies from earthen pond effluents. The goals of this study were to characterize adoption of aquaculture BMPs on small-scale, pond-based farms in Ghana, and to assess selected economic, social, and environmental outcomes of BMP adoption. Two BMPs: 1) water reuse, and 2) commercial floating feeds, were investigated for adoption by pond-based fish farmers in Ghana. I conducted my study in Ghana using on-farm experiments involving intensive monitoring of water quality and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over two production cycles. Additionally, I administered a baseline survey to 393 (and a follow-up survey to 160) fish farmers. I determined the best model for modelling farmed Nile tilapia growth with multi-model inference based on Akaike information criterion (AIC), the profitability of adopting BMPs with stochastic enterprise budgets and, social welfare impact with the Economic-Surplus model. I used a Markov model to predict the equilibrium rate of adoption of the two BMPs and determined the impact of BMP adoption on the reduction of pollutant loading with the Minimum-Data method of the Tradeoffs Analysis (TOA-MD).
My results showed that the logistic model is a better alternative to the von Bertalanffy model for modelling the growth of Oreochromis niloticus under pond aquaculture conditions. There were no significant differences in fish weight between the water re-use BMP and the use of new water. Adoption of the commercial floating feed BMP resulted in a 100% increase in fish final weight and yield, and in higher profitability, compared to the sinking feed type. Probability of making a profit was highest (72%) in the scenario with commercial feed and self-financing. Net present values (NPV) of about US$ 11 million and US$ 375 million could be obtained from the adoption of commercial floating feed and Genetically-Improved Farm Tilapia (GIFT) strain, respectively, in Ghana. Hence, any innovation that has a significant impact on fish yield also will have a significant impact on mean NPV and social welfare. However, I identified a number of potential negative ecological and genetic impacts exist from introducing the GIFT strain into Africa from Asia. Although considered low-intensity production systems, nutrients and solids in study ponds were found to be higher than levels expected in intensive culture ponds by wide margins. Pond water quality was significantly higher with commercial floating feed. The water-reuse BMP also prevented pollutants from leaving ponds altogether for the number of cycles for which pond water was reused, especially if associated BMPs such as rainfall capture and avoidance of water exchange are observed. Significant reductions in the loading of all water quality variables (nitrogen, phosphorus, solids, and BOD5) could be achieved with the adoption of the recommended feed type in Ghana. Adoption of the water reuse BMP has the potential to cause pollution reductions of 200% - 3,200% above that from the floating feed BMP. The strongest influence on the combined adoption of these BMPs were from : farmer's awareness of the feed BMP, perceived necessity and relative profitability of the water reuse BMP, and farmer's years of experience. A combination of central media (workshops), demonstrations, and lateral diffusion was found to be the most effective channel for disseminating these BMPs. Maximum adoption rate of the feed BMPs was estimated to be 38% - 58%. Also, US$ 6,000/year and US$12,000/year need to be paid per 0.6 ha pond surface area to push adoption of the feed BMP to 50% and 70%, respectively.
Hence, to ensure the successful adoption of aquaculture BMPs, I recommend that regular well-planned workshops be organized to create awareness and a conducive atmosphere to target farmers at multiple stages of the innovation decision process. Incentives and effective dissemination will encourage the adoption of these and other environmental BMPs. Feed costs need to be lowered in order to encourage the adoption of commercial floating feed in Ghana. Future analyses could quantify the differences in production costs between using the two water types, to reveal the possible higher relative profitability of pond water reuse over draining ponds after each production cycle. Also, African governments are advised to commission rigorous baseline and ecological risk analyses before adoption of the GIFT strain. Improvements in management practices and infrastructure could increase the yield and profitability of the local strains even if genetically-improved strains are not introduced.Ph. D.
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Chainark, Suwanit Boyd Claude E. "Effect of sodium nitrate treatment on water and sediment quality in laboratory and pond studies." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1454.
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English, Daniel Patrick Phelps Ronald Paul. "Use of primary nursery ponds for red snapper larvae culture and associated zooplankton dynamics." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/English_Daniel_53.pdf.
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Cheng, Zhi. "Mining recurrent patterns in a dynamic attributed Graph. : Application on aquaculture pond monitoring by satellite images." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NCAL0004.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'analyse de données spatio-temporelles. Plusieurs algorithmes de fouille de données ont été développés pour extraire des modèles locaux (appelés aussi "motifs") tels que les motifs séquentiels ou les sous-graphes dynamiques. Cependant, ces approches souffrent de plusieurs limitations lorsqu 'on traite des phénomènes spatio-temporels complexes. Ces domaines de motifs ne prennent pas en compte toutes les interactions spatio-temporelles possibles ou ne considèrent que des informations limitées sur les objets étudiés. Par exemple, les motifs séquentiels se concentrent sur les évolutions temporelles sans tenir compte des évolutions spatiales. En outre, la plus part des algorithmes d'extraction de sous-graphes étudient des graphes dynamiques labélisés. Cependant, ils ne considèrent qu'un seul attribut par nœud et ignorent les autres caractéristiques des objets étudiés. Dans ce manuscrit, nous proposons d'étudier un graphe dynamique attribué pour fournir une représentation plus riche des phénomènes spatio-temporels. L'extraction de motifs dans des graphes dynamiques attribués est une tâche particulièrement complexe car la structure du graphe, les nœuds et les attributs associés à chaque nœud peuvent changer dans le temps. Pour cela, nous avons défini un nouveau domaine de motifs appelé motifs récurrents. Ces motifs, qui sont des séquences de sous-graphes connexes, représentent des évolutions récurrentes des sous-ensembles d'attributs associés à des sous-ensembles de nœuds. Pour extraire ces motifs, nous avons développé un nouvel algorithme, appelé RPMiner, utilisant une stratégie originale basée sur des intersections successives de composantes connexes apparaissant dans la séquence. Nous avons utilisé plusieurs contraintes pour réduire l 'espace de recherche et rendre le calcul possible. Une étude expérimentale sur des jeux de données synthétiques et réels (réseau de co-auteurs DBLP et données de trafic aérien US Flight) montre la généricité de notre approche, l 'intérêt des motifs extraits et l'efficacité de notre algorithme. Nous avons effectué également une évaluation poussée de notre approche sur les données du projet INDESO (suivi de bassins aquacoles en Indonésie par imagerie satellitaire). Pour cela, un processus d' extraction de connaissances (KDD) complet a été développé : du prétraitement des données à la visualisation et à l 'interprétation des résultats. Il vise à mieux comprendre les pratiques des fermiers pour un développement durable de ces ressources côtières en Indonésie. Ce processus s'appuie tout d'abord sur une méthode automatique et robuste pour extraire les bassins d'aquacoles à partir d'images satellitaires à faible contraste. Ensuite, il utilise des méthodes d'extraction de motifs fréquents afin de mettre en avant certaines pratiques des fermiers. Pour cela, nous avons appliqué dans un premier temps un algorithme d'extraction de motifs séquentiels pour analyser l'évolution des bassins dans le temps et comprendre les pratiques des fermiers. En parallèle nous avons aussi appliqué notre algorithme RPMiner, qui prend en compte à la fois les dimensions spatiales et temporelles. Les motifs extraits ont été interprétés par des experts en aquaculture. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de confirmer certaines pratiques et d'en mettre en avant d'autresIn this thesis, we are interested in analyzing spatio-temporal data. Numerous algorithms have been developed to extract local models (also called "patterns") such as sequential patterns or dynamic subgraphs. However, these approaches suffer from severa!limitations when dealing with complex spatio-temporal phenomena. These pattern demains do not consider all possible spatio-temporal interactions or only consider limited information about studied objects. For example, sequential pattern mining methods focus on temporal evolutions without considering spatial ones. Besicles, most of graph mining algorithms study labeled graphs. They only consider one attribute per vertex instead of all object's characteristics. In our work, we propose to study dynamic attributed graph, because they provide a richer representation of spatio-temporal phenomena. Extraction of patterns in dynamic attributed graph is a particularly complex task because graph structure, vertices and attributes associated with each vertex can change over time. For this purpose, we define a new pattern domain called recurrent patterns. These patterns, which are sequences of connected ubgraph, œpreent recurrent evolutions of subsets of attributes associated to vertices. To extract these patterns, we develop a new algorithm, RPMiner, using an original strategy based on successive intersections of connected components. We use severa! constraints to reduce the search space and make the computation feasible. Experimental study on both syndetic and two real-world datasets (DBLP dataset and Domestic US Flight dataset) show the genericity of our approach, the interest of extracted patterns and the efficiency of our algorithm. We also do an in-depth experimental evaluation of our approach on the INDESO project data (aquaculture pond monitoring in lndonesia by satellite images). A complete KDD process has been developed: from pre-processing of data to visualization and interpretation of results. It aims to better understand farming practices for sustainable development of these coastal resources in Indonesia.This process is firstly based on an automatic and robust method to extract aquaculture ponds from low contrast satellite images. Next, this process extracts frequent patterns to highlight sorne farming practices. For this, we have firstly applied a sequential pattern mining to analyze temporal evolutions of aquaculture ponds and to understand farming practices. In parallel, we also apply our algorithm, RPMiner, which considers both spatial and temporal aspects. Extracted patterns were interpreted by aquaculture experts. Results confirm severa!practices and highlight ethers
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Fu, Jing. "Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture Ponds on Coastal Wetlands in the Yellow River Estuary." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225949.
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Ingram, Brett A. "Rearing juvenile Australian native percichthyid fish in fertilised earthen ponds." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050418.172221/.
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Do, Thi Lien, Thi To Uyen Do, Thi Nhi Cong Le, Phuong Ha Hoang, and Thi Ngoc Mai Cung. "Optimization production conditions of photosynthetic purple bacteria biomass at pilot scale to remove sulphide from aquaculture pond." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32725.
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For the purpose of sulphide removal in aquaculture ponds, three strains (name: TH21, QN71, QN51) were isolated and selected with the highest sulphide removal activity from Thanh Hoa and Quang Ninh coastal zones. These strains have identified and tested in a number of aquaculture ponds in different areas with good water quality results. With the objective of purple non sulfur bacteria biomass production containing 3 selected strains for wide application and suitable price for farmers, in this study, we study on optimum conditions of mixed purple non sulfur bacteria biomass production at pilot scale. The results showed that the sources of substrates were soybean meal (1g/l) and acetate (0.5g/l). These substrates are low cost, easy to find, convenient in large culture. The mixture of photosynthetic bacteria can be cultured in glass tanks, under micro aerobic and natural lighting conditions that produce highly concentrated photosynthetic bacteria and lowest rest media.Nhằm mục tiêu xử lý sulphide trong môi trường nuôi trồng thủy sản, chúng tôi đã phân lập và lựa chọn được ba chủng vi khuẩn tía quang hợp có khả năng loại bỏ sulphide cao nhất ký hiệu TH21, QN71, QN52 từ các vùng ven biển Thanh Hóa và Quảng Ninh. Các chủng này đã được định loại và thử nghiệm tại một số ao nuôi thủy sản ở các vùng khác nhau thu được kết quả tốt về chất lượng nước. Để tạo chế phẩm vi khuẩn tía quang hợp từ 3 chủng lựa chọn được ứng dụng rộng rãi và có giá thành phù hợp cho nông hộ, trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi nghiên cứu tối ưu hóa các điều kiện sản xuất sinh khối hỗn hợp 3 chủng vi khuẩn tía quang hợp ở quy mô pilot. Kết quả cho thấy đã tìm kiếm được nguồn cơ chất là bột đậu tương (1g/l) và acetate (0.5g/l) là những chất có giá thành thấp, dễ tìm kiếm, thuận tiện trong nhân nuôi ở quy mô lớn. Hỗn hợp vi khuẩn tía quang hợp có thể nuôi trong các bể kính, ở điều kiện vi hiếu khí, có ánh sáng chiếu tự nhiên có thể sản xuất được chế phẩm vi khuẩn tía quang hợp có mật độ cao, cơ chất còn lại sau sản xuất là ít nhất.
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Ansah, Yaw Boamah. "Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948.
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This study was carried out to characterize ponds and aquaculture systems, and also to determine both the potential and actual impacts of pond aquaculture effluents on receiving stream quality in the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana. Water, fish and macroinvertebrate samples were collected from upstream, downstream and nearby reference streams of, and questionnaires administered to, 32 farms. Total settleable solids were higher in ponds than reference streams (p = 0.0166); suspended solids was higher in ponds than reference streams (p = 0.0159) and upstream (p = 0.0361); and total phosphorus was higher in ponds than reference (p = 0.0274) and upstream (p = 0.0269). Total nitrogen was most clearly higher in ponds than all other locations: p = 0.0016, 0.0086 and 0.0154 for the differences between ponds and reference, upstream, and downstream respectively. BOD5 level was also higher in ponds than all locations (p = 0.0048, 0.0009, and 0.0012 respectively). Also, non-guarding fish species were more abundant in reference streams than downstream (p = 0.0214) and upstream (p = 0.0251), and sand-detritus spawning fish were less predominant in reference streams than upstream (p = 0.0222) and marginally less in downstream locations (p = 0.0539). A possible subsidy-stress response within study streams was also observed. Hence, ponds are potential sources of these water quality variables to receiving streams. Effluent-receiving streams, generally, were not much different from reference streams in terms of most the metrics of community structure and function used in the comparisons. Hence, even though receiving streams in Central Ghana may not be severely impacted by aquaculture effluents at the moment, the management of pond effluents will determine the scale of future impact. Vegetable, cereal, and livestock farming could serve as additional sources of fecal streptococci and coliform bacteria and nutrient-enrichment within the study area, besides aquaculture, and so these industries must also be included in efforts to minimize pollution of these streams.Master of Science
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Munro, Lynn I. "Development and application of dynamic models for environmental management of aquaculture in South East Asia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20388.
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With the world’s population set to reach 9 billion by the mid 21st century food security has never been more important. Increased competition regarding land for agricultural use and over fished seas means it falls to aquaculture to meet the global demands for protein requirements. The largest supply of aquaculture products are cultivated in South East Asia where the industry has seen rapid expansion, particularly of pond production in the past 50 years. This initial expansion has come at a cost with mangrove losses and eutrophication of natural water sources resulting. The impact of these not only affects other stakeholders, including domestic users, but effects will be felt by the aquaculture industry. Indiscriminate release of effluents to the surrounding water reduces the water quality for other users and may impact on the farm discharging the water originally. Poor water quality can then result in poor growth rates and increased mortalities reducing the profitability of the farm and endangering the livelihood of the farmer. If aquaculture is to meet the global food demand it is important that current and future enterprises are developed with sustainability at the fore front. This study investigates the nutrient dynamics in pond culture in South East Asia, focussing initially on four countries outlined by the SEAT (Sustainable Ethical Aquaculture Trade) project, including Thailand, Vietnam, China and Bangladesh. Within the four countries the main species cultured for export were identified resulting in tilapia, shrimp, pangasiid catfish and prawn. Following a farmer survey designed to collect a large volume of data over a range of topics including, water management, social, economic and ethical perceptions, dynamic models were developed, using Powersim Studio 8© (Powersim, Norway), for a generic fish and shrimp ponds separately. The models draw on data from the survey combined with other literature sources to provide outputs for Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in water and sediment as well as dissolved oxygen in the pond water. One of the biggest challenges facing this study was the objective selection of relevant sites for case studies to apply the models to. With such a large preselected set of sites (200 per species per country) it was important that the method be capable of handling such large datasets. Thusly it was decided that a multivariate method be used due to the removal of any pre judgement of the data relevant to the study. In order to investigate the nutrient dynamics water management data was used in the multivariate analysis to identify any similarity between the practices occurring on farms. The case studies in this project focus on Thailand and Vietnam, covering tilapia, shrimp and pangasius. Prawn farms were disregarded as, through the survey, it was discovered most production was for domestic trade. The models were adapted to each farm case study expanding the boundary from pond level to farm level, providing an output for each pond in terms of nutrients in the water and production levels and the farm as a whole for dissolved oxygen and sediment accumulation. The results of the models suggest the culture species to be taking up much of the TN added followed by the accumulation in sediments in shrimp ponds, while TP is mostly taken up by sediments. The fish case studies suggest that most of the TN is discharged to the environment followed by uptake. While Total phosphorus shows similar results to shrimp, accumulating in the sediment. The models presented in this study can be used to estimate outputs from farms of similar water management strategies and can assist in the determination of where improvements can be made to reduce the potential for eutrophication of natural water sources.
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Groves, Sarah Anne Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Spatial and temporal variation in the hydrochemistry of marine prawn aquaculture ponds built in acid sulfate soils, Queensland, Australia." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43273.
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Many brackish water aquaculture ventures in Australia and overseas have established ponds in coastal regions with acid sulfate soils (ASS). Acid sulphate soils are known to leach relatively high concentrations of metals, acid (metal and H+ ion) and sulfur, however very little is known about how these leached elements affect the water quality of aquaculture ponds. The main objective of this thesis was to describe the hydrochemical processes controlling the water chemistry in the water column and sediment pore water in the studied aquaculture ponds over time and space. Water samples providing the spatio-temporal data were collected from the ponds with the use of adapted sampling methods commonly used in the groundwater environment. A transect of five nested piesometers was installed in two prawn ponds at Pimpama, south east Queensland, Australia. Each piesometer nest contained a multilevel with eight outtakes, a mini ?? horizontal, and a slotted piesometer. Water samples were collected from each nested piesometer on a bi-monthly basis over the prawn-growing season. The unstable elements and water quality variables (pH, Eh, DO, EC, water temperature) were measured in the field. Stable elements were analysed in the laboratory using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Soil samples were collected at the end of the season for elemental analysis. A number of key sediment/water interactions and processes such as precipitation/dissolution reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, photosynthesis, adsorption and seawater buffering were identified as important controls on pond water conditions. This is the first study to provide detailed hydrochemcial analysis of the pond water over time and space and aided in identifying that even shallow water bodies can be chemically heterogeneous. Analysis of the water and sediment highlighted the selection of metals that can be associated with ASS and that are mobilised from pond sediments under certain chemical conditions. In Pond 7 Al, As, Ni and Zn concentrations were generally higher at the beginning of the grow-out season. Variability of the metal concentration was observed between the water column (0 ?? 1500 mm) and the pore-water (0 - -1000 mm). The highest concentration of Al (1044 ??g/L) and Zn (104 ??g/L) were sampled in the water column (approximately 400 mm from the surface of the pond). The highest concentration of As (130 ??g/L) and Ni (73 ??g/L) were sampled in the pore water sediment (associated with ASS). Elevated Mn and Fe2+ concentrations were also associated with the sediment pore water. The highest concentrations of Mn and Fe2+ were 4717 ??g/L and 5100 ??g/L respectively. In Pond 10, Ni concentrations (167 ??g/L) were the highest at the beginning of the grow-out season. However, As (97 ??g/L), Al (234 ??g/L) and Zn (308 ??g/L) were most concentrated during the middle of the cycle. The highest mean concentrations of these elements are As (63 ??g/L), Al (91 ??g/L) and Zn (69 ??g/L) which are each associated with the sediment-water interface. These metals are integral in degrading the pond water quality and lead to a loss of beneficial algal blooms, a reduction in pond water pH, poor growth rates and high mortality in shrimp. It is also possible that the dissolved ions and precipitated compounds that are leached from the ASS are discharged into the adjacent coastal estuary of Moreton Bay. With knowledge obtained from this PhD study, effective management and treatment systems can be developed and implemented to minimise the impact of these soils on the pond system and the water discharging into natural coastal ecosystem.
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Stevenson, James Ronald. "Sustainability of brackish-water pond aquaculture systems : a farm-level analysis of economic, social and ecological dimensions in the Philippines." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427839.
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Karim, Manjurul. "The livelihood impacts of fishponds integrated within farming systems in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/86.
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Links between the pond and surrounding land for horticulture is a distinctive feature of farming households in Bangladesh. It was hypothesised that the role of fishponds in integrated aquaculture systems has potential towards improving livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Rural and peri-urban settlements in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh were selected for assessing the importance and role of pond-dike systems on the livelihoods of households of different socio-economic level. The study was carried out in view of the sustainable livelihood approaches of the Department for International Development, U.K. Participation of all levels of stakeholders was ensured in the first and last phase of the study. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis at community and household level was a major strength and challenge of the study, and was used to explore the potential of integrated farming and factors that undermine such potential to contribute to a sustainable livelihood. The research commenced with a comprehensive situation appraisal and baseline survey to explore the context and characterize farming systems, followed by a longitudinal household survey to understand the effect of seasons on livelihoods. Households with access to ponds were identified as active or passive integrators based on a simple set of criteria and their resources and livelihoods assessed in comparison with non-pond households. During the last phase of the study a farmer participatory research (FPR) trial, based on a priority issue identified during the 1st phase of the study, was launched to investigate the potential of the integrated systems. The situation appraisal conducted within four communities revealed the effects of gender, well-being and location on farmers' regular activities and food consumption patterns. Fish culture was equally important as an enterprise among richer and poorer men, whereas vegetable cultivation was more important to men than women but wealth and location also affected its importance. Lack of knowledge was a particular problem for farmers growing fish and vegetables in the rural areas. Fish disease, high price of input, lack of money were also identified as constraints by fish producers. The expected use and current use of ponds, problems and benefits associated with fish culture were also found to be affected by groups emphasising vegetable, orchard and fish culture within their systems. The role of the pond for family use, which was a major objective for pond construction, was found to be significantly different between rural and peri-urban areas. Fish culture is now the dominant use of ponds for households irrespective of their focus on vegetable, orchard or fish production and they are utilised less for general domestic use. Ponds are relatively more important as a source of irrigation water in rural than in peri-urban communities. Significant differences were observed between locations and well-being categories for the percentage of fish retained for consumption and that sell. Rice bran was the most commonly used pond input (80% of all pond households) but active integrated farmers applied rice bran more frequently than passive groups (91 compared to 63 times/season). ‘Ease of production’ was a major incentive for farmers to integrate fish and vegetable production and this opinion was related to household type i.e. active integrators were more aware and confident about the practice. The literacy levels of household heads, access to information and capital and contact with formal and informal institutions of active producers and the better-off households was significantly higher than other groups and poorer households respectively. It is revealed from the longitudinal households’ analysis that the consumption pattern in terms of food types and amount are linked with income, expenses and food availability in different well-being categories between seasons across locations. The empirical analysis showed that as active households’ income increased, expenditure on food purchases, agricultural labour, pond inputs and poultry per household also increased. However, on-farm contributions as a source of fish and vegetables were important during the lower income and least productive months. Performance of integrated farming systems varied by location. Resource base, accessibility to market and information played key roles in the development of integrated farming system in the study area. Active integrated households in peri-urban areas, in response to higher demand in the nearby market, produced significantly more fish and vegetables than those in the rural areas. The result showed clearly the need for due consideration of these factors while promoting IAA systems in Bangladesh. Farmer participatory research showed that production of fish could be increased by a substantial level through increasing pond nutrient inputs rather than stocking an additional species (tilapia), although this may be related to the ‘improved’ nutrition used by farmers still being well below the level required for optimal tilapia performance. Rural households benefited more than peri-urban through direct consumption of both fish and vegetables; in contrast peri-urban households benefited more through cash sales of both fish and vegetables than rural households. Higher production did not lead to increased consumption, rather households benefited financially through selling fish. Similar production levels of vegetables between groups followed different levels of fish culture practices suggesting that increased investment in fish production is complementary rather than competitive with associated vegetable production. It could be concluded that considerable potential exists for further integration and development of pond-dike systems, which could contribute towards improved livelihoods of both better off and worse off people.
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Triyono, Sugeng. "Continuous simulation of groundwater use and effluent discharge in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds at five locations in the Southeast U.S." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-185838.
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Gusmawati, Niken Financia. "Which remote sensing indicators to survey shrimp farms in activity and to rehabilitate abandoned sites?" Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NCAL0008/document.
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La production de crevettes en Indonésie est en constante augmentation de part sa surface et l'intensification de ses élevages. Cette filière contribue au développement économique en milieu rural, à la sécurité alimentaire nationale, à l'emploi et au commerce extérieur. Cependant, ce développement rapide s'est accompagné d'effets écologiques et sociaux négatifs. Le développement de maladies dans les élevages ainsi que la dégradation de l'environnement côtier a conduit à l'abandon de 250 000 hectares de bassins dans le pays. Leur réhabilitation dans le cadre d'une activité durable est aujourd'hui une priorité pour le gouvernement indonésien.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des outils et des méthodes, basées sur de l’imagerie satellites à très haute résolution spatiale (THRS), (1) pour une meilleure gestion des sites de production et (2) pour réhabiliter les sites abandonnés. L'estuaire de la Perancak situé dans la Province de Bali, une zone de production en déclin, a été choisi comme site pilote. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet INDESO dont l'objectif était de fournir des outils et des méthodes pour une meilleure gestion des ressources côtières et marines en Indonésie.Le premier outil développé pour objectif de cartographier automatiquement les bassins d'élevage. A cet effet, une méthode basée sur la détection des contours a été mise en place et comparée à deux autres méthodes, la première basée sur la méthode de croissance des régions, la seconde sur une classification non supervisée (plus particulièrement la méthode Isocluster). Notre méthode a permis de détecter une forte proportion de bassins avec une meilleure précision.Le second outil avait pour objectif de distinguer les bassins actifs des bassins abandonnés. Un indicateur intégré (IPAI) basé sur quatre critères identifiés sur les images THRS que sont la présence d'eau, d'aérateur(s), de ponton(s) d'alimentation et de végétation, a été développé. Cet indicateur permet de distinguer significativement un bassin actif d'un bassin inactif. La présence de ponton est le critère qui s'est révélé être le plus discriminant.Cet indicateur a été utilisé sur l'estuaire de la Perancak pour suivre la dynamique d’abandon des bassins, liée au développement des maladies dans les élevages, entre 2001 et 2015. Deux facteurs de risque conduisant à l'abandon ont été mis en évidence : le climat et le positionnement des bassins au sein de l'estuaire. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'une approche spatiale doit être prise en compte pour la réhabilitation des bassins. Trois zones ont été définies à partir de leur résilience spatiale aux maladies. Le niveau de connectivité entre des bassins via le réseau hydrologique augmente le risque d'abandon. A noter que la présence actuelle des pathogènes (White Spot Syndrome Virus, WSSV) dans les bassins et probablement dans l'environnement génère une mémoire écologique défavorable à la réhabilitation de fermes aquacoles de crevettes.A partir de ces résultats, une première proposition de plan pour réhabiliter les bassins abandonnés a été formulée dans le cadre d'une approche écosystémique. Pour lutter contre les maladies, ce plan suggère de développer une aquaculture multi-trophique intégrée (AMTI), basée sur la diversité des espèces élevées et de leur positionnement dans la chaine trophique, à l'échelle de l'estuaire. Les méthodes et les études qui doivent être conduites pour rendre opérationnelle cette proposition sont discutéesShrimp farming production in Indonesia has continuously increased through a large expansion of cultured areas and stocking density intensification. This activity supports rural economic development and contributes to national food security, employment and foreign exchange earnings. However, this development has generated adverse ecological and social effects. As consequences of diseases and environmental degradations, there are currently 250,000 ha of abandoned ponds. Their rehabilitation, within a sustainable aquaculture framework, is actually a high priority for the Indonesian government.The objective of the present PhD work was to develop tools and methodologies to (1) enable better management for operating sites of shrimp industry and (2) rehabilitate abandoned sites using very high-resolution satellite (VHRS) imagery. The Perancak Estuary, located in Bali Province, is the production area in decline that has been chosen as study site. This work has been carried out in the frame of the INDESO project which was assigned to develop and provide tools and methods for better management of marine and coastal resources in Indonesia.The first developed tool was an automatic classification procedure for aquaculture mapping. A method based on Edge Detection on VHRS images was proposed and compared with those generated by Region Growing segmentation and unsupervised classification Isocluster. Edge Detection method could successfully create aquaculture map in the Perancak estuary by identifying a large proportion of existing ponds, with good overall accuracy.To implement effective procedure for appropriate aquaculture ecosystem assessment and monitoring, the second tool was an Integrated Pond Activity Indicator (IPAI). It aimed to discriminate active from abandoned ponds and was developed based on four criteria using VHRS images. Those criteria were: presence of water, aerator, feeding bridge and vegetation. This indicator succeeded in detecting active pond with a good accuracy, and feeding bridge appeared to be the most discriminant criteria.This second indicator has then been applied to the Perancak estuary to highlight the abandonment dynamic due to disease between 2001 and 2015. Two risk factors that could contribute to explain dynamics of abandonment were identified: climate conditions and pond locations within the estuary, suggesting that a spatial approach should be integrated in planning processes to operationalize pond rehabilitation. Three areas were defined based on their disease resilience. Ponds connectivity through water network increased the risk of disease development. The continued presence of shrimp pathogen species in ponds and probably in the environment (i.e. White Spot Syndrome Virus, WSSV) may generate ‘ecological memories’ that prevent to the return of shrimp productive system.These results were used to establish a first proposal of rehabilitation plan using an ecological approach. At the whole ecosystem scale, the development of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), based on the diversity of cultured species and their trophic status would be implemented. Methods and studies that would be conducted to operationalize sustainable pond rehabilitation are briefly discussed
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Sun, Lei. "An Analysis Of The Development Of Small-scale Household Pond Aquaculture In Post-Reform China, With Special Reference To The Coordinating Role Of Local Government : A Case Study of Weishan and Yutai Counties in Jining Prefecture, Shandong Province." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485343.
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'One of the key features of China's agricultural reform since 1979 is the diversification of agricultural products. As a result of the policy, the share of traditional crop production declined while aquaculture has become the fastest growing agricultural sector. The small-scale household pond aquaculture production, which was almost non-existent before the reform, now plays a dominant role in terms -of fresh-water aquaculture output. The research studies this 'new' mode of economic development, especially the role of local government coordination during the transitional period.of the reform when market was incomplete, by means of a case study of small-scale household pond aquaculture in Shandong province based on data collected through fieldwork. The research uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Using household data .- survey across 20 to~ships in counties Weishan and Yutai in lining Prefecture (which is one of the most important fresh water aquaculture production bases in China), the research employed Cobb-Douglas production function to identify the source of growth for small-scale household pond production. The contribution of technological progress to the growth and farmers' increased income is also studied to provide a background knowledge that determined the coordination role of the local government. In order to assess this coordination role, the researcher uses primary interviews from fish farmers and government officials both at the national and the local level. The major findings of this thesis .provide empirical evidence on how China's decentralized government structure effectively facilitated a coordination role of local government to overcome market deficiency when the innovative reform programme, small-scale household pond aquaculture, was introduced into an incomplete market. Moreover, the research used the primary household data survey for an in-depth analysis of production economics for small-scale household production in combination with traditional crop production and identified the major sources for the growth, the opportunity and challenges facing the aquaculture industry. By providing micro evidence, the thesis contributes to the literature on China' economic reform.
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Tew, Kwee Siong. "The impacts of algal control in catfish and percid aquaculture ponds." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1062103252.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 114 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: David A. Culver, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-114).
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Burford, Michele. "Fate and transformation of dietary nitrogen in penaeid prawn aquaculture ponds /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2000. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18560.pdf.
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Mustafa, Akhmad Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Improving acid sulfate soils for brackish water aquaculture ponds in South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40619.
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Brackish water aquaculture is one of the largest coastal industries in Indonesia. This farming system involves the construction of ponds m coastal sediments. Many ponds in Indonesia have been abandoned due to past development of ponds in acid 8ulfate soils (ASS); these soils produce sulfuric acid through the oxidation of pyrite du ring and after the sediments have been excavated. The soils also contain elevated concentrations of metal such as iron and aluminium which are harmful to farmed fish and shrimp. Acidification of pond soil causes recurrent fish and shrimp mortalities, poor growth rate in fish and shrimp, soft shell syndrome in shrimp and low plankton densities, Pond maintenance costs in ASS are also significantly higher than non-ASS ponds. There are over 6.7 million ha of ASS In Indonesia of which 35% has been developed for brackish water aquaculture. This study developed and trialled methods of soil remediation to restore abandoned ASS-affected ponds. The main objective was to develop methods at remediation that were scientifically sound but also practical and inexpensive for farmers. The research involved characterising, in detail, the chemical and physical properties of ponds soil followed by laboratory-based experiments to improve soil properties. The results of laboratory trials were the basis for large-scale field experiments to test soil remediation strategies. The study showed that pond bottoms could be improved by forced oxidation, flooding and water exchange followed by Iiming and fertilising. Up to 500% increases in productivity were achieved by this method and soils conditions Improved significantly. A further twofold productivity increase was achieved by an integrated liming method in which lime is added to rebuilt or new dykes in layers. A juvenile shrimp production system was developed for ponds that were too severely degraded or costly to remediate. The research developed methods of preventing metal toxicity in Juvenile shrimp. The study showed that aquaculture ponds built in ASS could be remediated and returned to viable production systems. Importantly, the study has developed a more detailed understanding of chemical properties In ASS-affected ponds.
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Duong, Thi Giang Huong, Thuan Minh Nguyen, and Ngoc Han Tran. "Assessment of water quality of some aquaculture ponds in Ho Chi Minh City." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33341.
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Eutrophication in aquaculture ponds is one of the major issues related to both the environment and the health of consumers. This study has selected and conducted a water-quality survey of nine freshwater aquaculture ponds in Ho Chi Minh City. The empirical results showed that these ponds were seriously polluted with COD and BOD5 whose values did not meet the B2 column of the Vietnamese National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). On the other hand, most N-NH4+ and N-NO2- concentrations in the ponds met the threshold value of B2 column. The values of the chlorophyll-a are greater than 10 μg/L, indicating that investigated ponds are in a state of eutrophication. In addition, the results of the TSI calculations showed that most of the sites that are in hypereutrophication state and phosphorus is identified as the eutrophication limit factor in these sites.Phú dưỡng hóa nguồn nước nuôi trồng thủy sản là một trong các vấn đề lớn liên quan đến cả môi trường và sức khỏe người tiêu dùng. Nghiên cứu này đã lựa chọn và tiến hành khảo sát chất lượng nước của chín ao hồ nuôi thủy sản trên địa bàn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các ao hồ trên bị ô nhiễm hữu cơ nặng với thông số COD và BOD5 đều không đạt chuẩn B2 theo quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). Về mặt ô nhiễm các chất dinh dưỡng, nồng độ N-NH4+ và N-NO2- đa số chỉ thỏa mãn loại B2, thậm chí vượt ngưỡng quy định của cột B2. Các giá trị của thông số chlorophyll-a đều lớn hơn 10 μg/L, chứng tỏ các ao hồ khảo sát đều đang trong tình trạng phú dưỡng. Thêm vào đó, kết quả tính toán chỉ số TSI cho thấy hầu hết các vị trí nghiên cứu đang ở trạng thái siêu phú dưỡng và photpho được xác định là yếu tố giới hạn sự phú dưỡng của các vị trí khảo sát nêu trên.
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Filbrun, Jesse Everett. "An Ecological Approach to Feed Management in Fish Rearing Ponds." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366038927.
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Harrison, Elizabeth. "Big fish and small ponds : aquaculture development from the FAO, Rome, to Luapula Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295958.
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Harrison, Elizabeth. "Big fish and small ponds aquaculture development from the FAO, Rome to Luapula province, Zambia /." Online version, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.295958.
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Noatch, Matthew R. "An Evaluation of Chemical, Biological, and Combined Chemical-Biological Approaches for Controlling Snails in Aquaculture Ponds." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/198.
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Digenetic trematodes are a common pest problem in aquaculture where their unappetizing appearance often reduces the marketability of food fish. Aquatic snails are intermediate hosts in the trematode lifecycle and are commonly targeted with control measures to prevent the crop fish from becoming infected. I evaluated several chemical and biological snail control strategies as alternatives to the potentially invasive black carp. Copper sulfate, hydrated lime slurry, and several fish and decapod species were tested for effectiveness against physid (Physa spp.) and planorbid (Helisoma spp.) snails in laboratory aquaria trials. Hydrated lime demonstrated effectiveness with the least potential to be toxic to cultured fish in regional application. Hybrid sunfish (redear × green sunfish) consumed large quantities of both snails in ad libitum feedings. The most effective biological (redear × green sunfish) and chemical (hydrated lime) control methods identified in the laboratory were evaluated further in research ponds. Hydrated lime applications of 9.07 kg over 9.14 m2 were found to be effective against Helisoma spp. confined to enclosures along the pond shoreline; average survival was 2%. When stocked in aquaculture ponds, hybrid redear sunfish did not significantly influence snail capture rates; however ponds stocked with redear sunfish experienced a gradual decrease in snail populations throughout the 2008 growing season. Hydrated lime and a combination of redear sunfish and hybrid redear sunfish were evaluated separately and in tandem as a combined chemical/biological treatment in the 2009 growing season. Evaluation occurred under mock production conditions in which hybrid striped bass were raised in the research ponds to determine snail treatment effects on trematode abundance. Ponds stocked with sunfish at 494 fish/ha had snail densities significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than control ponds after two months. Ponds treated with hydrated lime at 31.7 kg/31.5 m of shoreline in a 1 m swath experienced 99% estimated reductions in snail densities following application, but snail populations rebounded to previous levels within two months. The mean snail density in ponds treated with both hydrated lime and sunfish was significantly lower than control one month post treatment; this mean rebounded slightly by the conclusion of the trial, but not as much as in the chemical treatment group. Hybrid striped bass examined thoroughly for trematodes revealed a positive relationship between trematode abundance in fish and increasing Helisoma densities. This relationship was most apparent when estimates of snail density from only the beginning of the trial were used. Based on these results, it appears that a nearly complete reduction of Helisoma, particularly at the time of stocking fingerlings, is necessary to avoid a high abundance of trematodes in cultured fish. To this end, an early-season application of molluscicides followed closely by stocking of predator sunfish has potential to achieve a uniformly low density of snails throughout the growing season.
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Wudtisin, Idsariya. "Bottom soil quality in ponds for culture of catfish, freshwater prawn, and carp in Thailand." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/WUDTISIN_IDSARIYA_58.pdf.
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Natividad, Jose Macaraeg. "The Penaeus monodon baculovirus (MBV): Its epizootiology, prevention and control in penaeid shrimp hatcheries and grow-out ponds in the Philippines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185616.
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The prevalence of Penaeus monodon baculovirus (MBV) in black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricus) was investigated based on 372 diagnostic cases examined from October 1989, to December, 1990. Laboratory transmission of MBV to the different life stages of P. monodon and tolerance of MBV in infected hepatopancreatic tissues to chemicals and extreme environmental conditions were studied. A comparative assessment of the growth performance, survival and food conversion ratio between MBV-infected and non-infected populations of P. monodon was investigated and a new technology called Strategic Egg Prophylaxis (SEP) in the production of MBV-free P. monodon postlarvae was developed and tested. MBV was the most prevalent viral disease of P. monodon accounting for 67.1% of all diseases diagnosed in this species, and was widely distributed in all 12 major shrimp farming provinces in the Philippines throughout the year. The nauplii and zoea larval stages were refractory to MBV infection within 12 days post inoculation, but the mysis larval and the postlarval stages were susceptible to MBV infection within 6 and 2 days post inoculation, respectively. Cumulative mortality was significantly different (α = 0.05) between the MBV-infected and unexposed control groups of mysis larval and postlarval test shrimps. No significant growth rate differences were observed between the MBV-infected and unexposed control groups of larvae and postlarvae. MBV was resistant to 150 ppm iodine, 1:100 dilution of peroxygen/organic acid compounds and 10 ppm calcium hypochlorite at 240, 240 and 480 min of exposure, respectively, and to freshwater and at 37°C for 240 min. Direct exposure to sunlight for 240 min inactivated MBV in the hepatopancreatic tissues. In pond cultured P. monodon populations, the MBV negative stocks grew by as much as 43.4%, 20.8%, 13.7% and 13.7% more than the MBV-infected stocks at densities of 30/m², 20/m², 18/m², and 10/m², respectively over a 126 day growing period. Mortality was significant in MBV positive stocks affected with protozoan and bacterial shell disease. Food conversion ratio (FCR) was not a significant factor among MBV negative and the MBV infected populations. MBV negative P. monodon postlarvae were successfully produced using the Strategic Egg Prophylaxis (SEP) by washing and rinsing P. monodon eggs with iodine, benzalkonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite or ozone-treated seawater. The eggs washed with ozonized and benzalkonium chloride-treated seawater gave higher hatching rates of 72.4% and 60.3%, respectively. Postlarval survival at PL-7 was 67.6% in eggs washed with ozonized seawater and 42.3% in benzalkonium chloride-treated seawater. The unwashed control groups developed MBV infections starting at PL-7 stage.
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Kelly, Philip F. (Philip Francis). "Development as degradation : aquaculture, mangrove deforestation and entitlements in Batan, Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69616.
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This thesis examines pond aquaculture as a development strategy in the Philippines, with particular reference to its impact on the local environment and the livelihoods of local people.A theoretical framework is provided by recent literature in development studies and human geography, which attempts to move away from an essentialist and ethnocentric development praxis, and towards a locally-based, participatory process of empowerment. From the perspective of such 'alternative' development ideas, orthodox strategies involving modernization, formalization of economic activities, and resource mobilization, can be reassessed.
The promotion of pond aquaculture--and the widespread mangrove deforestation associated with it--is shown to be a strategy endorsed and supported by national and international development agencies. What is often overlooked, however, is the local ecological and economic importance of mangrove ecosystems. This study examines the effects of mangrove removal and fishpond development on the entitlements of people in three coastal communities in the Philippines. Aquacultural development is shown to have detrimental effects on the integrity of the coastal ecosystem and the livelihoods of certain groups of local residents; a rich common property resource is converted into a privately-owned system of cultivation. While benefits accrue to those with access to the capital necessary for the construction of fishponds, the costs of development are borne largely by mangrove gatherers and artisanal fisherfolk, whose share of a diminishing resource base is steadily declining. For these marginal groups, aquaculture is shown to provide few compensating economic benefits.
The study supports, through concrete local evidence, the criticisms made of orthodox approaches to development, and the need to construct attitudes and strategies which are more attuned to local sustainability and equity.
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Coman, Francis Edmund, and n/a. "The Role of Epibenthic and Planktonic Fauna in Subtropical Prawn Grow Out Ponds." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030926.091736.
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The assemblage composition, biomass and dynamics of zooplankton and epibenthos were examined in a commercial prawn pond in southeast Queensland over two seasons. Physico-chemical characteristics of the pond water were measured concurrently. Numbers and biomass of zooplankton in the surface tows (140 micrometre mesh) varied from 8 ind. L-1 (44 micrograms L-1) to 112 ind. L-1 (324 micrograms L-1) in the first season, with peaks in biomass corresponding to peaks in numbers. In the second season the zooplankton numbers varied from 12 to 590 ind. L-1, but peaks in numbers did not correspond with peaks in biomass, which varied from 28 to 465 micrograms L-1. This was due to differences in the size of the dominant taxa across the season. Although this occurred in both seasons, the effect on biomass was more pronounced in the second season. In both seasons, immediately after the ponds were stocked with prawn postlarvae there was a rapid decline in zooplankton numbers, particularly of the dominant larger copepods. This was probably due to predation by the postlarvae. Subsequent peaks in zooplankton numbers were principally due to barnacle nauplii. The largest peaks in zooplankton numbers occurred before stocking in the first season, but the largest peaks were in the middle of the second season. While changes in abundance and biomass of the zooplankton assemblage were not correlated with physico-chemical characteristics in the first season, there were correlations between zooplankton numbers and temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and secchi disk readings in the second season. No correlations were found with zooplankton biomass and physico-chemical characteristics in the second season. The correlations in the second season were mainly due to the high prevalence of barnacle nauplii through the middle part of the season, and may reflect suitable conditions for barnacle reproduction. Epibenthic faunal abundance in the beam trawls (1 mm mesh) peaked at 14 ind. m-2 and 7 ind. m-2 in the first and second seasons respectively and the biomasses at 0.8 g m-2 and 0.7 g m-2. Peaks in abundance of epibenthos did not correspond to peaks in biomass. This was due to large differences in the size of the taxa across the seasons. Sergestids (Acetes sibogae) and amphipods were the most abundant taxa in beam trawl samples. Amphipods were only abundant in the first season, with their numbers increasing towards the end of the grow out period. Acetes were abundant in both seasons, but were dominant in the second season. Correlations between physico-chemical parameters and epibenthos numbers were found to be strongly influenced by the dominant taxa in each season. In the first season, negative correlations were found between epibenthos abundance and pH and temperature. These relationships may reflect an effect on the growth of macroalgae in the pond, with which the amphipods were strongly associated, rather than a direct effect on the epibenthos. In the second season, a positive correlation existed between temperature and epibenthos abundance, however this was strongly influenced by the very high abundance of Acetes in the last sampling period. No correlations were found between epibenthic fauna biomass and physico-chemical parameters. Abundances of epibenthic fauna were not related to zooplankton densities indicating this source of food was not likely to be a limiting factor. Neither the pond water exchange regime nor moon phase could explain changes observed in abundances of zooplankton or epibenthos assemblages in the first season, however the sampling regime was not designed to specifically investigate these effects. In the second season water exchanges were sampled more rigorously. The density of zooplankton in the outlet water was from 2 to 59% of the density of zooplankton in the pond, and the zooplankton density of the inlet water was from 9 to 50% of the outlet water. The number of zooplankton recruited into the pond from the inlet water, after the prawns were stocked, was negligible and contributed little to changes observed in zooplankton assemblages. Reproduction of barnacles within the pond appeared to play the most important role in changes in the assemblage. Water exchange did, however, appear to play a greater role in the changes observed in epibenthic fauna assemblages. In the last season of sampling the feeding of the dominant epibenthic species, Acetes sibogae, was examined using a combination of gut content and stable isotope analysis. Acetes gained little nutrition directly from the pelleted feed, probably relying primarily on zooplankton as their direct food source. Other dietary items such as macroalgae also played a role in the nutrition of the Acetes. If Acetes numbers were high at the beginning of a season they may compete with the newly stocked prawns for the zooplankton resource. However, they will not compete with the prawns later in the season when the prawns are gaining most of their nutrition from the pelleted feed. Overall it appears that zooplankton are important to the nutrition of the prawns at the beginning of the season when the assemblage is usually dominated by copepods. Later in the season the assemblage is dominated by barnacle nauplii which are recruited from within the pond. The establishment of an abundant assemblage of suitable zooplankton species before stocking prawn postlarvae would appear to be beneficial, if not essential. The assemblage of epibenthic fauna changes throughout the season as new recruits are brought in from outside the pond. Epibenthic faunal assemblages in ponds from southeast Queensland are dominated by Acetes which are not likely to adversely affect the production of prawns unless they are particularly abundant early in the grow out season when the prawns would be utilising the same food resources as Acetes.
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Brumbaugh, Erica Nicole. "Using fish culture ponds to examine factors affecting larval hybrid striped bass growth and survival." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268241546.
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Briland, Ruth. "Optimizing Larval Fish Survival and Growth through an Analysis of Consumer and Resource Interactions in Percid Culture Ponds." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268153735.
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Liu, Ruiqiang Zhao Dongye. "Fate, transport, and environmental availability of Cu(II) applied in catfish aquaculture ponds and enhanced immobilization of soil-bound lead using a new class of stabilized iron phosphate nanoparticles." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/LIU_RUIQIANG_19.pdf.
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Kračka, Deividas. "Pramoninės žuvininkystės tvenkinių ūkių veiklos įtaka vandens kokybei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140617_110024-94162.
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Baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama keturių Lietuvos pramoninės žuvininkystės ūkių į aplinką išleidžiama tarša (tiekiamo ir išleidžiamo vandens) pagal skendinčias medžiagas, BDS7, bendrą azotą ir bendrą fosforą ir pateikiamos rekomendacijos tvenkininių ūkių vandens kokybei gerinti.
Darbo objektas: paviršinis vanduo.
Darbo metodai – vertinama paviršinio vandens kokybė žuvininkystės ūkiuose aukščiau ir žemiau tvenkinių (tiekiamo ir išleidžiamo vandens).
Darbo rezultatai. Išanalizavus daugiamečius žuvininkystės ūkių vandens kokybės tyrimų duomenis, gauti tokie rezultatai:
1. Skendinčiomis medžiagomis labiausiai užteršti:
1.1. UAB „Daugų žuvis“ tvenkiniai:
(priimtuvas – Varėnės upė – 38,0 mg/l, 2009 m.) – žemiau tvenkinių;
(priimtuvas – Žižmos upė – 37, 0 mg/l, 2007 m.) – žemiau tvenkinių.
1.2. AB „Išlaužo žuvis“ tvenkiniai:
(priimtuvas – Jiesios upė – 47,0 mg/l, 2009 m.) – aukščiau tvenkinių;
(priimtuvas – Jiesios upė – 54,0 mg/l, 2009 m.) – žemiau tvenkinių.
Nežymiai skendinčių dalelių kiekį viršijo ir Šilavoto poskyrio tvenkiniai (priimtuvas – Jiesios upė – 27,0 mg/l, 2009 m.) – žemiau tvenkinių.
2. Nagrinėtuose žuvininkystės tvenkiniuose nei BDS7, nei bendras azotas, nei bendras fosforas neviršijo leistinų normatyvinių rodiklių.
Apibendrinus gautus rezultatus peteikiamos sekančios rekomendacijos tvenkininių ūkių vandens kokybei gerinti:
1. Norint išvengti padidintų skendinčių dalelių koncentraciją pageidautina pagal galimybes didžiają paduodamo vandens dalį kaupti tam... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The thesis examines four Lithuanian industrial fish farms in releasing pollution (water supply and discharge) by TSS, BDS7, total nitrogen and total phosphorus and recommendations of farm ponds to improve water quality. Working properties: surface water Working methods - evaluating the quality of surface water in the farms above and below the pond (water supply and discharge). Results. Analysis of many fish farms on water quality survey data, the following results: First TSS most contaminated: 1.1. JSC "Daugų Pond: (Receiving - Varėnė River - 38.0 mg / l, 2009.) - below the dams; (Receiving - Zizmai River - 37, 0 mg / l, 2007.) - below the ponds. 1.2. AB Išlaužo Fish Pond: (Receiving - Jiesia River - 47.0 mg / l, 2009.) - above the pond; (Receiving - Jiesia River - 54.0 mg / l, 2009.) - below the ponds. Slightly higher than the amount of suspended solids and Šilavotas subdivision ponds (Receiving - Jiesia River - 27.0 mg / l, 2009.) - Below the ponds. Second INVESTIGATED fishponds than BDS7 than the total nitrogen or total phosphorus exceeded the permissible normative indicators. Summarizing the results peteikiamos next recommendation farm ponds to improve water quality: First to avoid increase of suspended particles concentration preferably by possibilities to a large flow of accumulating a dedicated, larger ponds or specially equipped stores and settle only part of the load of suspended particles continue growing pond filling. Second Extend pond filling period... [to full text]
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Santos, Emanuel Soares dos. "Cultivo do peixe ornamental MolinÃsia como alternativa para o uso de esgoto tratado na piscicultura." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7983.
Full textAbstract:
AssociaÃÃo TÃcnico-CientÃfica Eng. Paulo de FrontinAvaliou-se a sustentabilidade da utilizaÃÃo de esgotos domÃsticos tratados na criaÃÃo do peixe ornamental molinÃsia, observando o desempenho zootÃcnico, a capacidade de adaptaÃÃo deste ao meio e o rendimento econÃmico desta modalidade de cultivo. Foram testados trÃs tratamentos: ET â abastecido com esgoto tratado; ED â abastecido com esgoto diluÃdo e Ãgua bruta em iguais proporÃÃes; AB â abastecido com Ãgua bruta. Por meio dos resultados dos parÃmetros fÃsico-quÃmicos, observou-se que o esgoto domÃstico tratado em lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo oferece condiÃÃo para se realizar o cultivo da espÃcie, somente quando diluÃdo em Ãgua bruta. Observaram-se nos tratamentos cujos tanques foram abastecidos com esgoto tratado as mesmas classes de microalgas presentes na lagoa de maturaÃÃo: Chlorophyceas, Cianophyceas, Bacillariophyceas, Zignemaphyceas e Euglenophyceas; sendo as quatro primeiras reconhecidamente aproveitÃveis como alimentaÃÃo na aquicultura. Em todos os parÃmetros de rendimento zootÃcnicos avaliados, o tratamento que utilizou o esgoto tratado diluÃdo foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados. Dentre os indicadores de bem-estar observados, apenas a avaliaÃÃo histopatolÃgica foi capaz de fornecer resultado conclusivo, o qual apontou o tratamento que utilizou esgoto tratado diluÃdo como o que proporcionou maior conforto à espÃcie cultivada. As caracterÃsticas ornamentais dos peixes cultivados nÃo sofreram influÃncia do uso do esgoto domÃstico tratado, observando-se que os padrÃes de coloraÃÃo e formato de nadadeiras nÃo foram alterados. As avaliaÃÃes, econÃmica e de sustentabilidade, tambÃm apontaram o tratamento abastecido com esgoto tratado diluÃdo como o mais apropriado.
The present work evaluated the sustainability of treated sewage reuse in the creation of ornamental molly fish, evaluating the zootechnical performance, ability to adapt to the environment and economic aspects. Three treatments were tested: ET â supplied with treated sewage; ED â supplied with sewage and raw water in the same proportion; AB â supplied with raw water. The physical-chemical results indicated that the treated sewage from stabilization ponds were adequate for the species cultivation only when diluted in raw water. The treatments that were supplied with treated sewage contained the same classes of microalgae present in the maturation pond: Chlorophyceas, Cianophyceas, Bacillariophyceas, Zignemaphyceas e Euglenophyceas; the first four classes are known to be used as feed in aquaculture. Treatment that used treated sewage diluted presented the best results in terms of zootechnical parameters. Amongst the well-being indicators, only histopathological evaluation was able to provide conclusive results, which showed that the treated sewage diluted treatment was the best in terms of comfort to the cultivated species. The ornamental characteristics of farmed fish were not influenced by the use of treated sewage, in which the patterns of color and shape of fins were not changed. The sustainability and economic evaluations also indicated the treatment with diluted treated sewage as the most appropriate treatment.
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Grigaliūnas, Justinas. "Lašišinių bei eršketinių žuvų auginimo analizė UAB „Vasaknos“ žuvininkystės tvenkiniuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140519_092615-52866.
Full textAbstract:
Žuvininkystė Lietuvoje turi gilias tradicijas. Tai viena seniausių verslo krypčių, todėl rūpinantis jos plėtra vis didesnis dėmesys telkiamas akvakultūrai, kuri užtikrina įvairių žuvų rūšių išteklių išsaugojimą. Lietuvai tapus ES nare, žuvininkystės plėtros galimybės tapo kur kas didesnės (tą lėmė rinkos laisvė, didelė prekybos erdvė). Žuvininkystei didelis dėmesys buvo telkiamas 2007-2013 m. žuvininkystės sektoriaus programoje. Taip pat svarbu paminėti, kad Lietuvoje įkurtas tarptautinio akvakultūros centro padalinys. Visa tai tik įrodo pakankamą akvakultūros reikšmę Lietuvos versle. Tad šiandien yra labai aktualu analizuoti, kokios yra akvakultūros vystymo galimybės, ekonominė nauda, kokios reikalingos veisimo sąlygos. Atsižvelgiant į tai, šiame darbe didelis dėmesys skiriamas analizuojamo žuvininkystės ūkio UAB „Vasaknos“ žuvų auginimo ypatumams, ekonominių duomenų analizei bei vandens fizinių ir cheminių savybių tyrimams bei jų analizei.
Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti lašišinių ir eršketinių žuvų auginimo ypatumus žuvininkystės ūkyje UAB „Vasaknos“ bei pateikti šio ūkio ekonominių rodiklių ir tvenkinių, saugyklų ir baseino vandens fizinių, cheminių savybių analizę. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) apibrėžti akvakultūros svarbą ir jos perspektyvas Lietuvos žuvininkystėje; 2) išnagrinėti lašišinių bei eršketinių žuvų rūšių ypatybes; 3) išanalizuoti lašišinių bei eršketinių žuvų auginimo ypatumus; 4) išanalizuoti 2010-2012 m. ekonominius rodiklius UAB „Vasaknos“; 5) ištirti UAB „Vasaknos“... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Fishery has rich traditions in Lithuania. It is one of the oldest branches of the business, so a growing attention for the aquaculture as for a tool for protecting various kinds of fishes’ resources is being paid at the moment. The possibilities of fishery development have increased significantly after Lithuania has become the member of EU – this is a result of market’s freedom and a bigger space of trading. A big attention for the development of the fishery has been paid in the Programme of the Fishery Sector for 2007-2013. Also it is important to notice that a Department of the International Centre of Aquaculture was established in Lithuania recently by showing the understanding of the importance of aquaculture in the Lithuania’s business field. In respect to this, it is very important today to analyse the possibilities of aquaculture development, its economical benefit as well as the conditions of fishes breeding. So in this Masters’ thesis a big attention is being paid for the peculiarities of fishes raising in the fishery farm UAB “Vasaknos” as well as for analysis of economical data of this farm and for the research of the physical and chemical characteristics of the farm’s ponds’ water. The aim of the thesis: to analyze the peculiarities of the salmon and sturgeon fishes raising in the fishery farm UAB “Vasaknos” as well as provide the analysis of the economical characteristics of this farm’s activity and physical and chemical characteristics of the farm’s ponds’... [to full text]
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Peng, Ming-Chen, and 彭明琛. "Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria in Aquaculture Pond." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20261465417556080191.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋資源學系研究所
90
Abstract The process of nitrification is highly dependent on the microbial activities and transformation, which is carried out by autotrophic nitrifiers in general, however some heterotrophic nitrifiers also can carry out the process. The diversity of autotrophic and heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in aquaculture ponds in Kaohsiung county was investigated. Ten heterotrophic bacteria were isolated. The nitrification ability and 16S rDNA sequences were determined. Seven of the strains had higher nitrification ability, five of them are belong to the genus of Pseudomonas, and the other two belong to Alcaligenes and Serratia, respectively. Both 16S rDNA and amoA gene sequences results showed that all autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing strains in this study belong to Nitrosomonas genus. From the data of 16S rDNA sequences, the strains isolated from Linyuan Shiang were distinct to the other two sites. Besides, amoA gene represents a very powerful molecular tool for analyzing ammonia-oxidizing bacteria communities due to its specificity and fine-scale resolution of closely related populations.
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Chen, Sheng, and 陳昇. "Wind Effects on Oxygen Transfer in Aquaculture Pond." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91509269351020246837.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
101
In general, the separation in the fish ponds may occurred due to the density inversion caused by the solar radiation, which the interrupted the mass transportation between different layer of the water in the fish ponds. For the fishery, the limitation of the oxygen dissolution emerged once the water layers of density inversion were taken place, which decreased the efficiency of pond fishery. Therefore, the aeration system is equipped to promote the water circulation and to avoid the density inversion in the fishery. However, the aeration system the way, the wind-based mixing is another prospective way out. In the research site, this study monitored dissolved oxygen and temperature continuously in 24 hours in 3 different states of fish ponds, no fish and unexposed oxygen pond, no fish and exposed oxygen pond, exposed oxygen fish pond. The results showed that there has the stratification in the no fish and unexposed oxygen pond in the daytime. However, the disturbance of the water body affected by the wind occurs at 18:00 to 22:00, and makes the dissolved oxygen mix from the surface to the bottom of the water body rapidly. At 250 cm depth, the oxygen transfer coefficient is up to 0.156/hr. In the no fish and exposed oxygen pond, the oxygen exposure devices blended the water and the dissolved oxygen increase steadily. The reason of the dissolved oxygen reduction in the night is the respiration of the plankton and algae. Oxygen transfer coefficients almost the same in different layer of water body, and the overall oxygen transfer coefficients is -0.046 ~ 0.052/hr.。In the exposed oxygen fish pond, there need the oxygen exposure devices because of the big oxygen consumption of fish. The change of the overall oxygen transfer coefficients(-0.034 ~ -0.252/hr) is large than the former pond, but the change is small in the different layer of water body. The other part of the study conducted in the defined condition in the tank, to evaluate the efficiency of oxygen transportation and the wind-based mixing of the water layers. The oxygen transfer coefficient in the pond increased with the velocity of the wind. When the velocity reach 0.28-2.93 m/s(U10:4.83~6.04 m/s), the DO concentration interval 0-2 mg/L was evenly mixed; while the DO concentration interval 2-4 mg/L evenly mixed, the velocity of the wind should be set at 2.93-3.66 m/s(U10:4.83~6.04 m/s). When the oxygen concentration reached saturation, thus, the efficiency of the wind-base mixing decreased. The elevated velocity of wind is needed to gain DO of the system more even. The phenomenon is consistent in the surface water layer and in the shallow water layer (50-100 cm). The wind-based mixing is proved to be effective in mixing the DO concentration in the water tank to the extent of 100 cm deep.
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Wang, Chieh, and 王婕. "Nitrogen Excretion of Epinephelus coioides in Aquaculture pond." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80783957430831004950.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
103
Grouper are common aquaculture species in Taiwan, not only has the characteristics of high economic value, but also by the people loved. At present, the main way to keep the water clean is to pump a large number of water from coastal waters, in order to reduce pumping electricity energy expenditure and reduce the risk of water pollution, the design of a suitable system and circulating water treatment equipment, and understand the cultured fish nitrogen emission rate is the primary goal. In this experiment, we use 8 inches (about 300 grams) of grouper fish as experimental. After feeding stop for two days, the fast of total nitrogen excretion includes total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and total ammonia. The results show, the average of nitrogen excretion rate of fast was 7.16 ± 0.45 mg L-1; wherein the solid nitrogen is 1.06 ± 0.28 mg L-1, liquid nitrogen was 6.09 ± 0.73 mg L-1. the concentrate of solid nitrogen is about 6 times more than liquid nitrogen (TAN), accounting for 85.1% of liquid nitrogen, solid nitrogen 14.9%. The average of TN emission rate for the fasting is 96.80 mg kg-1h-1, its solid-liquid ratio of 13.38. And 24 hours after the feeding experiments, the average emission rate of total nitrogen was 104.23 ± 82.62 mg kg-1h-1. The maximum emission rate of total nitrogen after feeding occurs in the first 0-4 hours. At least 8 hours after the total nitrogen discharge rate after feeding was also leveled off. Compare the light phase and dark phase, the total nitrogen emission rate of light phase is higher than dark phase, the average total ammonia emission rate of light phase is 4.85 mg L-1 h-1,and the average rate of total ammonia emissions in dark phase is 1.22 mg L-1 h-1. It can be applied when the transport of live fish, dark environment helps slow the delivery process caused by the deterioration of water quality. In this experiment, the trap as a tool to capture the solids are not only captured feces but also contains mucus from grouper, although it will not be leaving the ammonia dissolved in water concentration increased in short-term, but it is a good breeding place for bacteria and many viruses, so it’s better to remove solid particles effectively, to avoid the breeding of pathogens in water to provide a future reference design and optimization of farming systems.
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Sue, Ya-Ling, and 蘇雅鈴. "Degradation of Tetracyclines in Aquaculture Pond Sediment Slurries." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kzu2h6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
水生生物科學系研究所
97
Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) is one of the most extensively and legally used antibiotics in aquaculture of Taiwan. However, since the low bioavailability and strong solid absorbtion of TCs, many TCs residual cases reported in the environment. The residual TCs may cause adverse impact on aquatic organisms, raise the resistance of microorganisms and increase indirect risk of human health. Therefore, it is necessary to be fully studied in the fates of TCs in aquaculture environments. The aims of this study were to understand the effects of natural light and microbial activity on degradation of TCs that exist in the aquaculture pond sediments. In aquaculture, limes and oxidants are used to adjust pH or to disinfect bacteria in aquaculture ponds. Therefore, the effects of limes and oxidants on the degradation of TCs in pond sediment slurries were also elucidated. The TCs included oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC). The effect of light experiment was conducted with both of the natural light and dark treatments. The effects of microbial activity were conducted with both of non-sterile and sterile. The applied limes included calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Furthermore, The six kinds of oxidants, namely calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium nitrate(NaNO3), potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used. Moreover, the interactive effects between natural light and the treatments of limes and oxidants on degradation of TCs were also studied. The result showed natural light could enhance the degradation of TCs in aquaculture pond sediment slurries. The TCs declined faster in natural light (t1/2, 10.51–16.66 days) than in dark (t1/2, 22.71–59.18 days). Microbial activities were also found effective on reducing the t1/2 of most TCs. In darkness, the treatment of CaCO3 reduced the degradation of DC in freshwater pond sediment slurry, but accelerated the degradation of OTC in marine pond sediment slurry, whereas no significant effects on other TCs degradation. The treatments of CaO and Ca(OH)2 accelerated the degradation of CTC in both freshwater and marine pond sediment slurries (1.2–1.9 times faster) and the degradation of DC (1.8–5.3 times faster) in freshwater pond sediment slurry, where reduced most TCs degradation. On the other hand, the three limes reduced the degradation of most TCs (1.4－4.7 times lower) in natural light. The chelation of TCs and Ca2+ which reduced the degradation of TCs would be considerably studied hereafter. It might owing to the chelating of Ca2+ with TCs. In darkness, the treatments of Ca(OCl)2, ClO2 and H2O2 accelerated the degradation of most TCs in both freshwater and marine pond sediment slurries (1.1–40.5 times faster). The combination of the effects of natural light and oxidants also accelerated the degradation of most TCs in marine pond sediment slurry, but had no significant effects in freshwater pond sediment slurry. In summary, natural light and microbial activity enhanced the degradation of TCs in aquaculture pond sediment slurries. The effects of artificial treatments (limes and oxidants) on the degradation of TCs remain unclear. Therefore, the usage of traditional treatments to degrade TCs in the sediment slurries should be careful and sincerely evaluated.
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Nath, Shree S. "Development of a decision support system for pond aquaculture /." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9094.
Full text
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Bowman, James R. "Classification and management of earthen aquaculture ponds, with emphasis on the role of the soil." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36749.
Full textAbstract:
Soil, water, and climatic classification systems are reviewed as
background for the construction of a classification system for earthen
aquaculture ponds. The physical and chemical properties of important
soil types are also reviewed because of the critical role that the
soil plays in earthen pond systems. A pond classification system is
constructed using key elements from established climate, water, and
soil classification systems, and its use as a management tool is
demonstrated. Additional benefits of pond classification are
discussed.
Functional relationships pertaining to a particular management
practice--the application of lime--are examined for seven classes of
acid soils. Theoretical and empirical models of pH-percent base
saturation relationships are evaluated using data from United States
soils. Selected models are partially validated using an independent
set of data and incorporated into a lime requirement determination
model. A table of lime requirement estimates based on initial soil pH
values is calculated for each soil class.
Partial validation of the classification system is achieved by
ANOVA for the cation exchange capacities of the soils, by fitting the
selected pH-percent base saturation models to data from an independent
source, and by comparison of the estimated lime requirements with
previously published guidelines. Possible reasons for weaknesses in
the classification system, the pH-percent base saturation models, or
the approach to lime requirement determination are explored, and areas
requiring further research are identified. Additional uses and
benefits, and further validation and refinement of the classification
system are discussed. It is concluded that the proposed
classification is a good first approximation that provides a basis for
further work.Graduation date: 1992
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Nath, Shree S. "Total and available nutrients in manures for pond aquaculture." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30197.
Full textAbstract:
The total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in animal manures, and the proportion of this
amount that becomes available as dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus within a month
after manures are added to water were examined in the context of fertilization guidelines for pond
aquaculture. A literature study was conducted to synthesize information on the dry matter, total
nitrogen and total phosphorus contents, and the biochemical oxygen demands of different
manures. This information was used to compile a fertilizer database and to examine dry matter-nutrient
relationships for different manures. Significantly high correlations between dry matter and
total nitrogen, and between dry matter and total phosphorus were observed for poultry manure,
and different forms of beef and dairy cattle manures. These relationships can be used to estimate
the nutrient contents of manures if the dry matter contents are measured.
A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus
that becomes available as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus
(DIP) over a five week period when poultry, swine and dairy manures are added to water. Mean DIN
and DIP concentrations reached highest levels on the 5th day after manure addition for all the
manures. These concentrations corresponded to 60.5, 49.5 and 30.1% of the total nitrogen and
78.4, 77.4 and 58% of the total phosphorus supplied by poultry, swine and dairy manures
respectively. DIN and DIP concentrations were significantly different among the three manures on
all sampling days. Poultry manure supplied the highest amount of nitrogen and phosphorus,
followed by swine and dairy manures. Pond fertilization guidelines based on the nitrogen and
phosphorus requirements for algae should consider the available portion and not the total
nitrogen and phosphorus contents of manures to calculate fertilizer requirements.
Another study was conducted to examine the effects of temperature and repeated manure
addition on nutrient release patterns from poultry manure. Different temperatures over a three
week period did not have a pronounced impact on DIN and DIP levels. Two phases of DIN build-up
were observed, whereas DIP levels showed an increasing pattern throughout the temperature
experiment. The overall proportion of the total nitrogen and phosphorus supplied by poultry
manure that became available as DIN and DIP for all the experimental units considered together
amounted to about 64 and 70% respectively, which is consistent with the earlier study. Repeated
manure addition resulted in significantly lower DIN and higher DIP concentrations in the interval
following the second manure addition compared to the first interval, although nutrient release
patterns appeared to be similar.Graduation date: 1993
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Pan, Chun-Hua, and 潘春花. "Controlling Factors of Pressurizing Effluent Aperture for Aquaculture Pond." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52134992355785115146.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
機電系統工程研究所
102
The aim of the research is by placing a pressure discharge port to remove the fodder and excrement of fish ponds instead of traditional one equipped with semi-structured bag-type. The mechanism of contaminants disposal in fish pond is by using the difference of water-level pressure to remove out all kinds of stuffs on the bottom of it. Methodology of this essay is though implementing COMSOL software to run out simulation analytical data outputs, and then in accordance with those outputs for reference while design discharge-port and materials of bag-type aquaculture fish pond. First of all is processing COMSOL for an analytical model and calculating the feasibility of pressure discharge port. Furthermore, the research is based on hypothesis with followed conditions: 5 different shapes of discharged port simulated, 4 kinds of plastics materials and 5 different pressures; those factors put into different acting forces to come out with the optimal automatic semi-closed bag-type module. The result of simulation analysis shows that the discharged port will follow the changes of water pressure to open-up in the fish pond. Besides, the discharged port in which with short sides of a square or a trapezium as a pivot, and with material HDPE will be the better designed module.
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ŠINDLER, Martin. "Ověření možnosti dlouhodobě udržitelné akvakultury na Boheľovakých rybnících." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320595.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the thesis was verifying the effects of fish breeding in production-oriented fish farming on the ecosystem of fish ponds. The observation was conducted in R1 and R3 Boheľov fish ponds in 2014 and 2016 seasons. The RKK and SGR parameters, the natural fish pond production and the overall production were monitored. The monitored chemical and physical parameters included the developments of the essential parameters at two-week intervals; oxygen, pH, transparency, temperature and insoluble substances. Chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were monitored to assess the timely trophy in the ponds. To assess the effects on water organism community zooplankton succession by Cladocera, Copepoda and Rotifera taxonomic orders was monitored at two-week intervals. The monitoring also included periodical checking of the biomass of undesired fish that reached the value of 44,5 kg.ha-1 in the R3 pond. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) was the dominating specie. Control fishing was carried out during the seasons to estimate the actual biomass of carp stock. The total production ranged between 922,1 - 1181,5 kg.ha-1. The RKK level was 2,73 - 3,26. The SGR value of 0,902 %.day-1 was reached in stock C1-2. High carp stock influenced the zooplankton communities. During the observation no occurrence of the intermediate zooplankton was found. The prevailing species of the Cladocera order included Bosmina longirostris, Dafnia galeata and D. parvula. In the Cladocera order there was prevalence of Acanthocyclops trajani and in rotifera order there was prevalence of Brachionus calycifloris, Asplanchna priodonta, Polyartha sp. Spearman's correlation confirmed difference between the total zooplankton in R1 pond compared with R3 pond in both seasons (R3 2014: rho=0,066; pval=0,854; R3 2016 rho=-0,018; pval=0,96). The TSI index showed hypertrophic condition in both ponds. The average values of the index were 78,3 (6,2) in R1 and 75,6 (?3,8) in R3. The lowest average oxygen values, namely 3,2 mg.l-1 (2,0), were in pond R3 in 2016. Taking account of the adverse development of the essential parameters (oxygen and clarity deficits) and the status of the trophy certain limitation of the farming intensity was proposed, namely: reducing the carp stock down to 1/3 including a calculation of the production-related financial loss. Reducing the stock is the only way how to make the fish ponds sustainable. Relevant compensation, in line with the effective European regulations, needs to be addressed hand in hand with the proposed measures.
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Wang, Tz-Shiun, and 王資勛. "Photolysis of Four Sulfa Agents in Aquaculture Pond Waters and Sediments." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23156012663278735644.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
水產生物學系研究所
94
The four sulfa agents, sulfadiazine (DIA), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) are sulfonamides. These sulfa agents are widely used in aquaculture practices. The environmental distribution and fate of the four sulfa gents is greatly concerned. Transformation of the four sulfa agents, DIA, SMT, SMX and SDM, in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries were studied. The waters and sediment slurries were collected from a freshwater eel pond and marine shrimp pond. In the first step, a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of DIA, SMT, SMX and SDM in the pond waters and sediment slurries were developed. Second, sorptions of the four sulfa agents in the two sediment slurries were investigated. Then, effects of light, including natural light and dark conditions, UVA, UVB, UVC and fluorescent lamp on transformation of the four sulfonamides were also elucidated. Finally, observation of photolysis product was also conducted. An analysis method with HPLC has been established for simultaneous determination of DIA, SMT, SMX and SDM in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries. Recoveries of the four sulfa agents from all samples determined at different concentration were 94.01 – 107.32%. The detection limit of DIA, SMT, SMX and SDM were 0.17, 0.22, 0,28 and 0.25 ppm, respectively. The sorption rates of the four sulfa agents in both types of sediment slurries (10%, wt/vol) were approximately 20% and significantly raised by higher organic matters contents. The four sulfa agents are unstable when exposed to natural light. Under natural light, SMT was transformed fastest (half-live; t1/2, 0.6 – 2.1 days) among the sulfa agents in both aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries. Transformation of DIA, SMX and SDM in both aquaculture pond waters were all slower than SMT. The t1/2 were 7.8 – 11.3, 7.5 – 18.4 and 5.2 – 13.3 days in pond waters, and 5.6 – 5.8, 2.1 – 4.4, and 8.8 – 8.9 days in sediment slurries, respectively. Under darkness, the four sulfa agents were still detectable in both aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries after 360 days. For example, the residual of SMX in eel pond waters were 0.98% of the initial concentration after 360 days. However, residuals of the other sulfa agents were all over 60%. Under darkness, SMX were undetectable in both aquaculture pond sediment slurries after 90th days. However, no significant transformation of SMT was found in both aquaculture pond sediment slurries after 360 days. The transformation of both DIA and SDM were also quite slow in sediment slurries under darkness. The four sulfa agents in all waters and sediment slurries were transformed faster exposed to UVA and UVB than UVC or fluorescent lamp. Among the results, SMX in eel pond waters was transformed fastest under UVB, which t1/2 was 8.7 days. DIA in shrimp pond waters was the slowest under UVA, which t1/2 were 392.8 days. In sediment slurries, SMX in eel pond was the fastest under UVB, which t1/2 were 8.8 days. However, SDM in eel pond sediment slurries was the slowest with UVA, which t1/2 was 200.7 days. An unknown photoproduct peak was observed in DIA solution exposed to UVB. The highest quantum yield in eel and shrimp pond waters was at the 30 and 60th day, respectively.
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Yu, Wen-Hui, and 余雯惠. "Fates of Nitrofurans and Degradation Intermediate Products in Aquaculture Pond Waters and Sediments." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42112065791577163480.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
水生生物科學系研究所
97
Fates of Nitrofurans and Degradation Intermediate Products in Aquaculture Pond Waters and Sediments Abstract Nitrofurans (NFs) were applied in aquaculture previously on treatment of infections caused by bacteria, but the low bioavailability and the half-lives (t1/2) short change fast into of nitrofuran metabolite (NFMs) in aquaculture animals. Therefore, these were non-utilized drugs which enter and remaim in water environment. This research include four NFs of furaltadone (FTD), furazolidone (FZD), nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone. Nitrofuran degradation intermediate products (NFDIs) were 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazoli- dinone (AOZ), 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride (AH）and semicarbazide hydrochloride (SC）. In order to distinguish NFs and NFDIs were maybe changed and fated in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries. Hence, this purpose of study that probe the effects of light (Light and dark), microbial activities (non-sterile and sterile) and temperatures (10, 25 and 40℃) on the degradation of these four NFs and NFDIs in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries were investigated. Moreover, four NFs the degradation products for fours metabolites in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries. The experimental result shows that all four NFs in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries with treament natural light conditions for t1/2 shown 0.06 – 0.09 days and 1.62 – 3.17 days were significant degraded faster than which in the dark (t1/2, 6.11 – 25.27 and 2.46 – 22.33 days). Similarly, four NFDIs were significant degraded faster in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries with treament natural light conditions (t1/2, 0.27 – 0.79 and 5.30 – 13.91 days) than in the dark (t1/2, 11.76 – 486.92 days and 11.74 – 205.32 days), too. The microbial activity condition was on the degradation of four NFs and NFDIs in aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries. In temperature part, the increased degradation of NFs and NFDIs followed the increased of temperature.The degradation products determined were AMOZ, AOZ, AH, SC for FTD, FZD, NFT, NFZ, respectively. During the 100-d experiment, concentrations of the degradation products for added NFs (5 mg/L) reached 1.87 – 2.99 mg/L and 1.77 – 2.50 mg/L. At end of the experiment, there were still 0.02 – 0.73 mg/L of NFs remained (about 0.4% – 14.6% of the initial addition). Keywords: nitrofurans, degradation, light, microbial, temperatures.
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Huang, Mei Yun, and 黃美雲. "Acreage Forecasting and Policy Feasibility Analysis for Aquaculture Pond Retirement Programs in Taiwan." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09633390290391239912.
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Chen, Li-Min, and 陳立民. "Using 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe to monitor microbial fluctuation in aquaculture freshwater pond sediments." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97753460063177999367.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
水產養殖學系
89
Monitoring microbial fluctuation with the use of 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes in extreme environments has become mature biological technique in recent years. Microbial biologists traditionally have had to cultivate organisms to describe the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria in aquaculture pond sediments. For instance, there is a very important effect on using 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes to hybridize novel microorganisms’ rRNA to analyze the microbial world in the fishpond sediments. To make sure whether this molecular biological technique is better or not, we compare Aeromonas hydrophila used as standard strain with traditional cultured technique. The biomass of pond sediments analyzed by DAPI stain is 10,000 times than traditional cultured technique. Besides, it is more sensitive to characterize A. hydrophila by using 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes to monitor the mass of A. hydrophila than traditional cultured method. The environment of sediments in pond will change with precipitation of stool and fermentation of organic matter, so that the microbial fluctuation is interdependencies of environment of sediments in pond. Especially the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) will affect the vicissitude of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Normal flora is common in anaerobic environments, such as archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and nitrate-reducing bacteria. If we adopt the rise and fall of these microorganisms as the index, it will reflect the reorganization of surrounding ecology. The carp fishpond sediment was routinely sampled and analyzed from April 2000 to March 2001. After a start-up period (3 months), stable environment was observed after 8 months with high archaea ratio of biomass (10 % to 25 %), high levels of sulfate-reducing bacteria (5 % to 20 %), and high nitrate-reducing bacteria proportion of biomass (1 % to 7 %). The results showed that the pH ranges, redox potentials ranges, DO value, and temperature of observed sediments were still in the normal condition. However, the microorganisms of sediments had reflected the surrounding fluctuation more sensitive. It shows that the molecular biological technique we adopt to analyze the vicissitude of sediment bacteria as ecology standard is more sensitive than water quality analysis.
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Hou, Jung-Hsin, and 侯榮炘. "Effects of Environmental Factors on Degradation of Sulfonamides in Aquaculture Pond Waters and Sediments." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5s7745.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
水生生物科學系研究所
97
The four sulfonamides – sulfadiazine (DIA), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) – are commonly used in aquaculture practices. The effect of light (dark and natural light), microbial activities (sterile, non-sterile, aerobic, anaerobic and readded treatment) and temperatures (10, 25 and 40°C) on the fate of sulfonamides in freshwater and marine water aquaculture pond waters and sediment slurries in a laboratory-scale experiment were investigated. Results indicate that the four sulfonamides were all photodegradation in both the pond waters and sediment slurries. The ranges of the half-lives (t1/2) of the four SAs were 2.9 – 62.9 and 6.5 – 85.6 days in illuminated, sterile water and in the sediment slurry, respectively. But there were no significant degraded under dark condition. The degradation processes of the sulfonamides can also be enhanced by microbial activities in the light aside from the sole effect of light itself. The ranges of the t1/2 of the four SAs were 2.9 – 62.9 and 6.5 – 85.6 days in illuminated, sterile water and in the sediment slurry, respectively. The t1/2 values were slower in the non-sterile water and sediment slurry at 1.7 – 21.3 and 0.7 – 7.9 days, respectively. The synergetic effects of microbial activity on the degradation of DIA, SDM, and SMZ only occurred in the light and were hindered under dark conditions. Only SMX was slowly biodegradation in the dark. SDM and SMX were biodegraded in both freshwater and marine water pond sediment slurries during the anaerobic treatment, and degradation products were found. Further readded experiments showed the t1/2 of SDM in both freshwater and marine water pond sediment slurries and SMX in freshwater water pond sediment slurries were reduced by adapted microorganisms. After readding, the t1/2 values of SDM were reduced from 69.1 and 79.2 days to 22.0 and 20.6 days in freshwater and marine water pond sediment slurries, respectively. Then, t1/2 values of SMX were reduced from 8.9 to 7.0 in freshwater sediment slurries. Contrarily, t1/2 values of SMX in marine water pond sediment slurries were prolonged. In temperature experiments, the degradation of DIA and SMZ in marine water pond sediment slurries, SDM and SMX in the two kinds of sediment slurries were accelerated by interaction between temperature and microbial activities. The increased degradation of sulfonamides followed the increasing temperature, but there were no significant effect in sterile treatments.