Academic literature on the topic 'Aquatic Mammal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Yuan, Yuan, Yaolei Zhang, Peijun Zhang, et al. "Comparative genomics provides insights into the aquatic adaptations of mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (2021): e2106080118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106080118.
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The ancestors of marine mammals once roamed the land and independently committed to an aquatic lifestyle. These macroevolutionary transitions have intrigued scientists for centuries. Here, we generated high-quality genome assemblies of 17 marine mammals (11 cetaceans and six pinnipeds), including eight assemblies at the chromosome level. Incorporating previously published data, we reconstructed the marine mammal phylogeny and population histories and identified numerous idiosyncratic and convergent genomic variations that possibly contributed to the transition from land to water in marine mammal lineages. Genes associated with the formation of blubber (NFIA), vascular development (SEMA3E), and heat production by brown adipose tissue (UCP1) had unique changes that may contribute to marine mammal thermoregulation. We also observed many lineage-specific changes in the marine mammals, including genes associated with deep diving and navigation. Our study advances understanding of the timing, pattern, and molecular changes associated with the evolution of mammalian lineages adapting to aquatic life.
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Gearty, William, Craig R. McClain, and Jonathan L. Payne. "Energetic tradeoffs control the size distribution of aquatic mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 16 (2018): 4194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712629115.
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Four extant lineages of mammals have invaded and diversified in the water: Sirenia, Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Lutrinae. Most of these aquatic clades are larger bodied, on average, than their closest land-dwelling relatives, but the extent to which potential ecological, biomechanical, and physiological controls contributed to this pattern remains untested quantitatively. Here, we use previously published data on the body masses of 3,859 living and 2,999 fossil mammal species to examine the evolutionary trajectories of body size in aquatic mammals through both comparative phylogenetic analysis and examination of the fossil record. Both methods indicate that the evolution of an aquatic lifestyle is driving three of the four extant aquatic mammal clades toward a size attractor at ∼500 kg. The existence of this body size attractor and the relatively rapid selection toward, and limited deviation from, this attractor rule out most hypothesized drivers of size increase. These three independent body size increases and a shared aquatic optimum size are consistent with control by differences in the scaling of energetic intake and cost functions with body size between the terrestrial and aquatic realms. Under this energetic model, thermoregulatory costs constrain minimum size, whereas limitations on feeding efficiency constrain maximum size. The optimum size occurs at an intermediate value where thermoregulatory costs are low but feeding efficiency remains high. Rather than being released from size pressures, water-dwelling mammals are driven and confined to larger body sizes by the strict energetic demands of the aquatic medium.
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Coates, Christopher W. "AQUATIC MAMMAL EXHIBIT AT NEW YORK AQUARIUM." International Zoo Yearbook 3, no. 1 (2008): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03391.x.
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Coutant, Opale, Cécile Richard‐Hansen, Benoit de Thoisy, et al. "Amazonian mammal monitoring using aquatic environmental DNA." Molecular Ecology Resources 21, no. 6 (2021): 1875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13393.
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Alho, CJR, G. Camargo, and E. Fischer. "Terrestrial and aquatic mammals of the Pantanal." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 suppl 1 (2011): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200009.
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Different works have registered the number of mammal species within the natural habitats of the Pantanal based on currently known records, with species richness ranging from 89 to 152 of annotated occurrences. Our present list sums 174 species. However, at least three factors have to be emphasised to deal with recorded numbers: 1) to establish the ecotone limit between the floodplain (which is the Pantanal) and its neighbouring domain like the Cerrado, besides the existence of maps recently produced; 2) the lack of intensive surveys, especially on small mammals, rodents and marsupials; and 3) the constant taxonomic revision on bats, rodents and marsupials. Some species are very abundant - for example the capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, and some are rare, and others are still intrinsically rare - for example, the bush dog Speothos venaticus. Abundance of species is assumed to reflect ecological resources of the habitat. Local diversity and number of individuals of wild rodents and marsupials also rely on the offering of ecological resources and behavioural specialisation to microhabitat components. A large number of species interact with the type of the vegetation of the habitat, by means of habitat selection through active patterns of ecological behaviour, resulting on dependency on arboreal and forested habitats of the Pantanal. In addition, mammals respond to seasonal shrinking-and-expansion of habitats due to flooding regime of the Pantanal. The highest number of species is observed during the dry season, when there is a considerable expansion of terrestrial habitats, mainly seasonally flooded grassland. Major threats to mammal species are the loss and alteration of habitats due to human intervention, mainly deforestation, unsustainable agricultural and cattle-ranching practices, which convert the natural vegetation into pastures. The Pantanal still harbours about a dozen of species officially listened as in danger.
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You, Fengtao, Wenhua Ren, Shasha Gu, et al. "First BAFF gene cloned from an aquatic mammal." Gene 504, no. 1 (2012): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.05.001.
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Grant, Robyn A., Vicki Breakell, and Tony J. Prescott. "Whisker touch sensing guides locomotion in small, quadrupedal mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (2018): 20180592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0592.
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All small mammals have prominent facial whiskers that they employ as tactile sensors to guide navigation and foraging in complex habitats. Nocturnal, arboreal mammals tend to have the longest and most densely packed whiskers, and semi-aquatic mammals have the most sensitive. Here we present evidence to indicate that many small mammals use their whiskers to tactually guide safe foot positioning. Specifically, in 11, small, non-flying mammal species, we demonstrate that forepaw placement always falls within the ground contact zone of the whisker field and that forepaw width is always smaller than whisker span. We also demonstrate commonalities of whisker scanning movements (whisking) and elements of active control, associated with increasing contact with objects of interest, across multiple small mammal species that have previously only been shown in common laboratory animals. Overall, we propose that guiding locomotion, alongside environment exploration, is a common function of whisker touch sensing in small, quadrupedal mammals.
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Mathews Delgado, Patrick, Nofre Sanchez Perea, Claudia Biffi Garcia, and Carmen Rosa García Davila. "Detection of infection with Leptospira spp. in manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Peruvian Amazon." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 10, no. 1 (2015): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00195.
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The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is an aquatic mammal (Family Trichechidae) that inhabits freshwater environments. It is endemic to the Amazon Basin, and occurs from Marajó Island (at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil) to the headwaters of the floodplain in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Little is known of the causes of death or the prevalence of zoonotic organisms in manatees from Peru; however, Leptospira spp. have been reported to cause mortalities in marine mammals. Here we evaluated the presence of Leptospira spp. antibodies in Amazonian manatees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in aquatic mammals maintained in captivity in the Peruvian Amazon.
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Avgar, T., G. Street, and J. M. Fryxell. "On the adaptive benefits of mammal migration." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 6 (2014): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0076.
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Migration is well developed among mammals, but there has been little attempt to date to review common ecological constraints that may guide the evolution of migration among mammals, nor to consider its prevalence across different taxa. Here we review several alternate hypotheses for the evolution of migration in mammals based on improvements in energetic gain and mate-finding contrasted with reduction in energetic costs or the risk of predation and parasitism. While there are well-documented examples of each across the order Mammalia, the available evidence to date most strongly supports the energy gain and predation risk hypotheses in the terrestrial realm, whereas a combined strategy of reducing energetic costs in one season but improving energetic gain in another season seems to characterize aquatic mammal species, as well as bats. We further discuss behavioral and physiological specialization and provide a taxonomic cross section of mammalian migration.
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VIDAL, OMAR. "Aquatic Mammal Conservation in Latin America: Problems and Perspectives." Conservation Biology 7, no. 4 (1993): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740788.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Scheidecker, Elizabeth M. "Wavelet analysis of bioacoustic scattering and marine mammal vocalizations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FScheidecker.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): D. Benjamin Reeder, John A. Colosi. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97). Also available online.
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Delannoy, Christian M. J. "Host adaptation of aquatic Streptococcus agalactiae." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17259.
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Streptococcus agalactiae is a pathogen of multiple hosts. The bacterium, an aetiological agent of septicaemia and meningo-encephalitis in freshwater and saltwater fish species, is considered a major threat to the aquaculture industry, particularly for tilapia. Cattle and humans are however the main known reservoirs for S. agalactiae. In humans, the bacterium (commonly referred to as Group B Streptococcus or GBS) is a member of the commensal microflora of the intestinal and genito-urinary tracts, but it is also a major cause of neonatal invasive disease and an emerging pathogen in adults. In cattle, S. agalactiae is a well-recognized causative agent of mastitis. Numerous studies focusing on S. agalactiae from human and bovine origins have provided insight into the population structure of the bacterium, as well as the genome content and pathogenic mechanisms through identification of virulence determinants. Concerning S. agalactiae from aquatic origins, scientific information mainly focused on case reporting and/or experimental challenges, with a limited or absence of information in terms of pathogenesis, virulence determinants and genotypes of the strains involved. The objective of this study was to enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology, host-adaptation and pathogenicity of S. agalactiae in aquatic species, with particular emphasis on tilapia. Firstly, a collection of 33 piscine, amphibian and sea mammal isolates originating from several countries and continents was assembled, with the aim of exploring the population structure and potential host specificity of aquatic S. agalactiae. Isolates were characterised using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and a standardised 3-set genotyping system comprising molecular serotypes, surface protein gene profiles and mobile genetic element profiles. Two major subpopulations were identified in fish. The first subpopulation consisted of non-haemolytic isolates that belonged to sequence type (ST) 260 or 261, which are STs that have been reported only from teleosts. These isolates exhibited a low level of genetic diversity by PFGE and clustered with other STs that have been reported only in fish. Another common feature was the absence of all surface protein genes or mobile genetic elements targeted as part of the 3-set genotyping and that are usually found in human or bovine isolates. The second subpopulation consisted of β-haemolytic isolates recovered from fish, frogs and sea mammals, and that exhibited medium to high genetic diversity by PFGE. STs identified among these isolates have previously been identified from strains associated with asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease in humans. The human pathogenic strain ST7 serotype Ia was detected in fish from Asia. Moreover, ST283 serotype III-4 and its novel single locus variant ST491 detected in fish from Southeast Asia shared a 3-set genotype identical to that of an emerging ST283 clone associated with invasive disease of adult humans in Asia. These observations suggested that some strains of aquatic S. agalactiae may present a zoonotic or anthroponotic hazard. STs found among the seal isolates (ST23) have also been reported from humans and numerous other host species, but never from teleosts. This work provided an excellent basis for exploration of the virulence of selected strains in experimental challenges. The virulence of two strains of S. agalactiae was experimentally investigated by intra-peritoneal infection of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), using an isolate originally recovered from fish and belonging to ST260, and an isolate originating from a grey seal and belonging to ST23. The clinical signs, the in vivo distribution of viable bacteria and bacterial antigens, and the gross and histopathological lesions that developed during the time course of the infection were investigated. The ST260 strain was highly virulent, whereas no major clinical sign or mortalities occurred in the fish challenged with the ST23 strain. After injection, both strains however gained access to the bloodstream and viable bacteria were recovered from all organs under investigation. During the early stages of infection, bacteria were mostly found within the reticulo-endothelial system of the spleen and kidney. Thereafter, the ST260 demonstrated a particular tropism for the brain and the heart, but granulomatous inflammation and associated necrotic lesions were observed in all organs. ST23 was responsible for a mixed inflammatory response associated with the presence of bacteria in the choroid rete and in the pancreatic tissue only. After 7 days post-challenge and for both strain, the formation or containment of bacteria within granulomata or other encapsulated structures appeared to be a major component of the fish response. However, the load of viable bacteria remained high within organs of fish infected with ST260, suggesting that, unlike ST23, this strain is able to survive within macrophages and/or to evade the immune system of the fish. This work demonstrates that the lack of report of ST23 strains in fish is possibly not due to a lack of exposure but to a lack of virulence in this host. The two strains, which differ in prevalence and virulence in fish, provide an excellent basis to investigate genomic differences underlying the host-association of distinct S. agalactiae subpopulations. The genome of the ST260 strain used in challenge studies was sequenced. We therefore provided the first description for the genome sequence of a non-haemolytic S. agalactiae isolated from tilapia (strain STIR-CD-17) and that belongs by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to clonal complex (CC) 552, which corresponds to a presumptive fish-adapted subgroup of S. agalactiae. The genome was compared to 13 S. agalactiae genomes of human (n=7), bovine (n=2), fish (n=3) and unknown (n=1) origins. Phylogenetic analysis based on the core genome identified isolates of CC552 as the most diverged of all S. agalactiae studied. Conversely, genomes from β-haemolytic isolates of CC7 recovered from fish were found to cluster with human isolates of CC7, further supporting the possibility that some strains may represent a zoonotic or anthroponotic hazard. Comparative analysis of the accessory genome enabled the identification of a cluster of genes uniquely shared between CC7 and CC552, which encode proteins that may provide enhanced fitness in specific niches. Other genes identified were specific to STIR-CD-17 or to CC552 based on genomic comparisons; however the extension of this analysis through the PCR screening of a larger population of S. agalactiae suggested that some of these genes may occasionally be present in isolates belonging to CC7. Some of these genes, occurring in clusters, exhibited typical signatures of mobile genetic elements, suggesting their acquisition through horizontal gene transfer. It is not possible to date to determine whether these genes were acquired through intraspecies transfer or through interspecies transfer from the aquatic environment. Finally, general features of STIR-CD-17 highlighted a distinctive genome characterised by an absence of well conserved insertion sequences, an abundance of pseudogenes, a smaller genomic size than normally observed among human or bovine S. agalactiae, and an apparent loss of metabolic functions considered conserved within the bacterial species, indicating that the fish-adapted subgroup of isolates (CC552) has undergone niche restriction. Finally, genes encoding recognised virulence factors in human S. agalactiae were selected and their presence and structural conservation was evaluated within the genome of STIR-CD-17.
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BORGES, João Carlos Gomes. "Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907), Giardia sp. (Leeuwenhoek, 1681) e identificação de endoparasitos em mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4744.
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-22<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>With five significant biomes and the largest river system in the World, Brazil has the richest continental biota on the planet, which has led to the country being classified as megadiverse. In Brazil, several species of aquatic mammals have been suffering almost constantly form the anthropogenic, and sometimes triggering, effects of different parasitic agents. However, our scientific knowledge of the parasitic fauna of aquatic mammals remains limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose infections caused by Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp. and endoparasites among aquatic mammals in Brazil. To do this, 553 samples were collected from fecal content and the gastrointestinal tract of several species of cetaceans, sirenians (Antillean and Amazonian manatees) and mustelids (neotropical and giant otters) in the North (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia) and Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Sergipe, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte) of Brazil. Samples were obtained from animals that were kept in captivity and others in the wild, including specimens that lived in rivers, coastlines and oceans. For Cryptosporidium spp., the fecal samples were processed by Kinyoun technique. Concerning the identification of Giardia sp. cysts and helminth eggs, the material collected was submitted to flotation (Willis and Faust) and sedimentation (Hoffman) methods, followed by the Flotac technique. All samples were subjected to the direct immunofluorescence test. In the results obtained, a notable infection was caused by the digenetic trematode of the Opistothrematidae family (Pulmonicola cochleotrema), with an infection prevalence of approximately 7.95% (07/88) among Antillean manatees. The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was confirmed in five species: Lontra longicaudis (15.28%); Pteronura brasiliensis (41.66%); Sotalia guianensis (9.67%); Trichechus inunguis (16.03%) and Trichechus manatus (13.79%). Giardia sp. was diagnosed in the following species: L. longicaudis (9.23%); P. brasiliensis (29.16%); Kogia breviceps (100%); Kogia sima (25%); S. guianensis (9.67%); T. inunguis (3.81%) and T. manatus (10.34%). The identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. in aquatic mammals, allied to the capacity of their oocysts and cysts, respectively, to remain infective in the environment for a long period of time, increases the possibility of the transmission of these agents to other aquatic and land organisms, as well as the human population.<br>Abrigando cinco importantes biomas e o maior sistema fluvial do mundo, o Brasil tem a mais rica biota continental do planeta, o que rendeu o título de país megadiverso. Dentro deste contexto, encontram-se várias espécies de mamíferos aquáticos, as quais vem sofrendo constantemente com os efeitos antropogênicos e por vezes desencadeantes de diversos agentes parasitários. Entretanto, o conhecimento científico da fauna parasitária dos mamíferos aquáticos ainda é bastante limitado. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar infecções ocasionadas por Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp. e endoparasitos em mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil. Para isto foram realizadas coletas de 553 amostras de conteúdo fecal e do trato gastrointestinal de diversas espécies de cetáceos, sirênios (peixe-boi marinho e amazônico) e mustelídeos (lontra neotropical e ariranha), nas regiões Norte (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará e Rondônia) e Nordeste (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Sergipe, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte). Entre os animais envolvidos foi possível obter amostras de espécimes mantidos em cativeiro e de vida livre, bem como, de espécies que habitavam os recursos fluviais, costeiros e oceânicos. Para a pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. as amostras fecais foram processadas pela técnica de Kinyoun. Ao que concerne à identificação dos cistos de Giardia sp. e ovos de helmintos, o material coletado foi submetido aos métodos de flutuação (Willis e Faust) e sedimentação (Hoffman), assim como à técnica do Flotac. Todas as amostras foram submetidas ao Teste de Imunofluorescência Direta. Entre os resultados obtidos destaca-se a infecção ocasionada pelo trematódeo digenético da família Opistothrematidae, espécie Pulmonicola cochleotrema, sendo a frequência da infecção de aproximadamente 7,95% (07/88) em peixes-bois marinhos. A presença de Cryptosporidium spp. foi constatada em cinco espécies, sendo estas, a Lontra longicaudis (15,28%), Pteronura brasiliensis (41,66%), Sotalia guianensis (9,67%), Trichechus inunguis (16,03%) e Trichechus manatus (13,79%). No que concerne à ocorrência de Giardia sp., este coccídio foi diagnosticado em um maior número de espécies, conforme pode ser constatado em L. longicaudis (9,23%), P. brasiliensis (29,16%), Kogia breviceps (100%), Kogia sima (25%), S. guianensis (9,67%), T. inunguis (3,81%) e T. manatus (10,34%). A identificação de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia sp. acometendo os mamíferos aquáticos, aliado à capacidade dos oocistos e cistos respectivamente destes protozoários permanecerem infectantes em condições ambientais por um longo período de tempo, amplia a possibilidade de transmissão destes agentes para outros organismos aquáticos, terrestres e populações humanas.
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Oliveira, Raphael de. "Biologia e genética de Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Mustelidae): uma revisão e ensaio a respeito do uso de marcadores moleculares." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2129.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-18<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is one of the 13 species of otter and has one of the widest geographic distribution, occurring from the north of Mexico until northern Argentina. Along its distribution the species, inhabits a variety of habitats facing different environmental quality levels. The availability of food and places to build burrows are the key factors to its occurrence. The species is defined as top predator and because its generalist habits, it has been suggested as a community structure species. Although the species tend to be generalist it shows a preferences for fishes and crustaceans in its diet. Its IUCN classification (data deficient) is based mainly on studies related to its diet and habitat use. Nevertheless, information about the species still have too much gaps in relation to populations studies, current distribution and environment requirements. This paper aims to review the current status and species information with the purpose of propose future conservation actions for the species, and therefore propose further information to enable a most appropriate classification on the conservation status of the neotropical otter.<br>A Lontra longicaudis é uma das 13 espécies de lontra com maior distribuição geográfica, ocorrendo desde o norte do México até o norte da Argentina. Em todo seu território, está presente em diversos tipos de ambientes e com variados níveis de qualidade ambiental. A oferta de alimentos e disponibilidade de locais propícios para criação de tocas são os fatores chave para a sua ocorrência. Considerada topo de cadeia, é um animal generalista, mas que apresenta uma preferência em sua dieta por peixes e crustáceos. Classificada pela IUCN como Dados Deficientes, possuindo vários trabalhos relacionados à dieta e utilização de ambiente. Porém, ainda há grandes lacunas no que diz respeito a estudos populacionais, distribuição atual e suas exigências ambientais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão do atual status e informações a respeito da espécie e propor quais atitudes devem ser tomadas para conservação da lontra, tal como, trabalhos de educação ambiental, monitoramento das unidades de conservação, maior rigidez com o cumprimento das leis ambientais e quais áreas necessitam de maiores informações para possibilitar uma classificação sobre o status de conservação mais adequada da lontra.
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GHINATO, Luciana. "Avaliação da qualidade da água superficial do Rio Mamanguape - Paraíba, local de ocorrência de peixes-bois marinhos (Trichechus manatus)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4693.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The Brazil is a country which has five important biomes and the largest river system in the world. In addition, it has the richest continental biota of the planet which earned him the title of mega-diverse country. The various species of aquatic mammals, the manatee (Trichechus manatus) has constantly suffered the effects of anthropogenic factors. In this context, the sewage waste dumps and heavy metal waste, are related to the degradation of aquatic environments and animal species which live in this biome. The aims of this study was to evaluate the quality of surface water from the river Mamanguape, located in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This place is featured by an Environmental Protection area, where manatees occur. From September 2013 to July 2014, water samples were collected in triplicate of five distinct points of the river. In order to determine the Most Probable Number of fecal coliform the technique of multiple tubes was used. The reading of the samples for the research of mercury metal was performed through the System of Flow Injection Analysis, whereas for the other metals was performed, by Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma. In the research of thermotolerant coliforms, the contamination of some points, but always, values below to that recommended by the legislation was observed. Mercury, cadmium and chromium metals, were not detected, conversely copper, nickel, manganese, zinc and iron were detected, in low concentrations. On the other hand, aluminum and lead were found in concentrations above that allowed by the legislation. In conclusion, the water of the Mamanguape River presenting levels of salinity and pH within the limits previously established and low levels of contamination by fecal coliforms. The water samples of the Mamanguape River herein evaluated presented contamination by heavy metals, demonstrating the need of implementation of programs to monitor the collection sites. This measure could identify the likely source of contamination, considering that they are bioconcentrated in marine biota and may cause alterations in the food chain and consequently on the manatee.<br>O Brasil é um país que tem cinco biomas importantes e o maior sistema fluvial do mundo. Além disso, ele tem a mais rica biota continental do planeta, que lhe valeu o título de país mega-diverso. Dentre as várias espécies de mamíferos aquáticos, o peixe-boi (Trichechus manatus) tem constantemente sofrendo os efeitos de fatores antropogênicos. Neste contexto, os depósitos de resíduos de esgoto e resíduos de metais pesados, estão relacionados com a degradação dos ambientes aquáticos e espécies animais que vivem nesse bioma. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a qualidade das águas superficiais do rio Mamanguape, localizada no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Este lugar é caracterizado por uma Área de Proteção Ambiental, onde ocorrem peixes-bois marinhos. De setembro de 2013 a julho de 2014, amostras de água foram coletadas em triplicata de cinco pontos distintos do rio. A fim de determinar o Número Mais Provável de coliformes fecais foi utilizada a técnica de tubos múltiplos. A leitura das amostras para a pesquisa do metal mercúrio foi realizada por meio do Sistema de análise em fluxo, enquanto que para os outros metais foram realizadas, por Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado. Na pesquisa de coliformes termotolerantes, houve contaminação de alguns pontos, mas sempre valores abaixo do recomendado pela legislação. Os metais mercúrio, cádmio e crómio, não foram detectados, pelo contrário foram detectados cobre, níquel, manganês, zinco e ferro, em concentrações baixas. Por outro lado, o alumínio e chumbo foram encontrados em concentrações superiores que permitidas pela legislação. Em conclusão, a água do rio Mamanguape apresenta níveis de salinidade e pH dentro dos limites previamente estabelecidos e baixos níveis de contaminação por coliformes termotolerantes. As amostras de água do rio Mamanguape aqui avaliados apresentaram contaminação por metais pesados, o que demonstra a necessidade de implementação de programas para monitorar os locais de coleta. Esta medida poderia identificar a provável fonte de contaminação, considerando que eles são bioacumulados na biota marinha e podem causar alterações na cadeia alimentar e, consequentemente, sobre o peixe-boimarinho.
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Holland, Angela. "BRIDGING AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY OF SEMI-AQUATIC MAMMALS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1269.
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Mammals in freshwater aquatic systems play important roles as ecosystem engineers, trophic transfer agents, and apex predators, thus acting as indicators of freshwater ecosystem function. Watersheds inhabited by semi-aquatic mammals have increased links between adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems compared to watersheds where they are not present. Semi-aquatic mammals not only exert top-down influences on streams, but are affected by bottom-up forces from the riparian system itself. The goal of this study was to identify variables that correlate with the presence of beaver (Castor canadensis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), mink (Neovison vison), and river otter (Lontra canadensis), including their interactions, resulting in a better understanding of the areas where these semi-aquatic mammals occur and their effects on the riparian system. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify variables related to the probability of detection, initial occupancy, colonization, and extinction of the 4 semi-aquatic mammals in southern Illinois; and (2) to test if the reintroduction of river otter has changed stream food webs. To address my first objective, I sampled 120 bridge sites in 2 periods (winter: Jan-Feb; and spring: Mar-Apr) during 2012–2014 in 11 major watersheds in the southern third of Illinois (44,526 km2) to estimate multi-season occupancy. Each survey unit was a 400-m stream segment visited twice by 2 observers for a total of 4 observations per site per period. Observers recorded all mammal signs found, including sign species and type. Sites were Intensive Basin Survey Sites sampled by Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), allowing data collected by the state to be available for explanatory variables for mammal occupancy. Data collected by the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) also were available for a subset of sites. I collected local- and landscape-scale habitat and weather variables for each site. I developed hypotheses regarding occupancy of sites based on land-cover, human disturbance, and stream attributes for each species. I developed additional hypotheses regarding prey availability and water quality for river otter and mink. Sites used in each analysis were dependent on data available to address the hypotheses of interest. Beaver and muskrat were present at ≥100 of 103 sites for ≥1 observation. Naïve occupancy was high (≥82%) every year for both species. Detection probabilities for beaver and muskrat were best predicted by survey period. Beaver detection remained fairly constant across survey periods except for a decrease in winter 2014, whereas muskrat detection was generally lower during winter and higher during spring. Beaver were more likely to occupy larger streams than smaller streams during the initial survey period. Sites that lacked a dominant land-cover had a lower probability of beaver colonization than sites dominated by agriculture or woody vegetation at the landscape scale. In addition, the probability that a site would be colonized by beaver during the study increased with availability of water within 1 km of the surveyed segment, increased stream density, sites at larger streams, and river otter presence during the previous period. The probability of site extinction decreased as stream size, stream density within 1 km, and water availability within 500 m of the survey segment increased. Occupancy of muskrat during the initial survey period was negatively predicted by % forest in the 1-km riparian area, channel incision, and amount mercury in the sediment. Colonization by muskrats was lower during the long spring to winter intervals than the short winter to spring intervals, and was positively related to the amount of organic carbon in the sediment. The probability of site extinction by muskrat increased with increasing % forest within the riparian area around the stream segment, decreasing 1-km stream density, and when land-cover within 1 km of sites was dominated by agriculture or woody vegetation. Multi-season occupancy of river otter and mink were assessed in 2 separate analyses that used either land-cover and management variables or prey availability and riparian community composition, respectively. In the first analysis, river otter and mink were present at ≥84 of 103 sites. Naïve occupancy was higher every year for mink (≥88.3%) than for river otter (≥55.3%). Detection of river otter and mink in the first analysis increased as substrate availability increased. Occupancy of river otter during the initial survey period was predicted by large stream size, low % developed area within 250 m of the surveyed segment, and proximity to nearest river otter reintroduction point. Probability of colonization by river otter varied by survey period and was higher at sites with larger streams, higher stream density, lower % developed area, and within a known river otter population area. Site extinction by river otter in the first analysis varied by survey period and was linked to increased organic carbon in the sediment, and decreased road density within 1 km of the surveyed segment. River otter harvest was not found to affect site colonization or extinction. Mink occupancy during the initial period was negatively associated with water availability within 100 m of the survey segment. Site colonization by mink varied by month and increased with increasing developed area within 100 m of the surveyed segment, increasing channel incision, and decreasing rainfall. Probability of site extinction for mink increased as stream size and developed area within 500 m of the surveyed segment increased, and when woody vegetation was the dominant land-cover type within 1 km of the surveyed segment. The second analysis of multi-season occupancy of river otter and mink used 77 sites, 81.8% of which had ≥1 river otter detection in the study and 98.7% of which had ≥1 mink detection. Naïve occupancy differed between years but gradually increased for river otter and remained high (≥93.5%) for mink. Increasing substrate availability increased the probability of river otter detection, whereas mink detection varied by survey period. Occupancy during the initial survey period was higher in sites closer to the reintroduction points for river otter. Probability of colonization of river otter was positively associated with macroinvertebrate IBI and fish species richness, sites with high fish species richness of fish families preferred by river otter also had reduced otter extinction probability. No tested variables predicted initial occupancy for mink, but mink were more likely to colonize sites with increased fish richness and when muskrat were present during the previous period. Mink had decreased probability of extinction in sites with increasing mussel community index. My results indicate that semi-aquatic mammals in Illinois were affected by a riparian habitat, water availability, and stream community variables at both the landscape and local scale. I found high occupancy of mink, beaver, and muskrat across the entire landscape of southern Illinois, and my results suggest that the geographic range of river otter continues to expand. Relationships of occupancy of these semi-aquatic mammals to measurements of urban areas and human disturbance were not consistent across all species. Mink and river otter occupancy were both predicted by aspects of prey availability, indicating the importance of predator-prey relationships in occupancy dynamics of riparian predators. Hypotheses regarding predator pressure and changes in environmental variables were used to test the effects of river otter reintroduction on stream communities. For this objective, I used structural equation models. I compared fish and macroinvertebrate communities from before (1982-1995) and after (2005-2013) reintroduction of river otter, which occurred in 1994–1996. Fish and macroinvertebrate community data for 35 sites located throughout 6 major watersheds in southern Illinois (25,550 km2) were obtained from state agencies. Changes in stream communities were evaluated using 4 metrics (species richness, species dominance, skewness in size distribution of prey, and proportion of individuals in the size class preferred by river otter). Neither the inclusion of river otter site use nor change in stream quality, measured by change in % forest, improved models over the simple model which only included fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Overall, I found no evidence that river otter presence or change in forest cover affected stream fish and macroinvertebrate communities.
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Hoffer, Devin M. "OCCUPANCY OF SEMI-AQUATIC MAMMALS IN AN URBAN LANDSCAPE." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2832.
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Throughout midwestern North American ecosystems, semi-aquatic mammals including beaver (Castor canadensis), mink (Neovision vision), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), and river otter (Lontra canadensis) co-exist in wetlands. These species are ecologically important through their manipulation of habitats and interactions with other species present. The Lake County Forest Preserve District (Lake County, Illinois) is actively restoring forest preserves using several restoration practices and are interested in how these efforts may affect semi-aquatic mammal occupancy. We studied impacts of restoration practices and other environmental covariates on detection and occupancy of the 4 aforementioned focal species. Sign surveys were conducted during December-April in 2018-19 and 2019-20. Single species, multi-season models were run in RStudio using the package unmarked. Muskrat detection (p̂ = 0.60 ± 0.03) was positively affected by survey replicate, and negatively impacted by last precipitation amount and bank angle. Beaver detection (p̂ = 0.76 ± 0.03) was positively affected by survey replicate and previous 2-week precipitation amount, and negatively influenced by bank angle. Mink detection (p̂ = 0.26 ± 0.04) was positively impacted by survey replicate, and negatively affected by last precipitation amount and previous 2-week precipitation amount. River otter detection (p̂ = 0.10 ± 0.07) was not influenced by any covariates sampled. Muskrat had the highest occupancy (ψ ̂= 0.90 ± 0.05), followed by beaver (ψ ̂ = 0.57 ± 0.07), mink (ψ ̂ = 0.57 ± 0.10), and river otter (ψ ̂ = 0.28 ± 0.18). Both muskrat and river otter occupancy were not affected by any covariates sampled. Beaver occupancy was positively impacted by stream density and number of saplings. Mink occupancy was positively affected by stream density. No focal species’ occupancies were influenced by restoration practices. From these findings, I provide recommendations for future surveys and management for semi-aquatic furbearers in urban landscapes. Thank you to the Lake County Forest Preserve District for funding my research.
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Koep, Karin Sarah Coles. "Production of salami from meat of aquatic and terrestrial mammals." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1073.
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Botton, Léo. "The Form-Function relationships in the process of secondary adaptation to an aquatic life : the contribution of semi-aquatic mammals." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC087/document.
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Se déplacer dans l’eau ou sur terre implique de faire face à des contraintes mécaniques extrêmement différentes. L’eau est sensiblement plus dense et visqueuse que l’air et, par le fait, la locomotion aquatique est dominée par la traînée et la poussée d’Archimède alors que la locomotion terrestre est dominée par la gravité et l’inertie. Si les adaptations les plus extrêmes à la locomotion dans chacun de ces milieux sont bien documentées, les espèces semi-aquatiques qui se déplacent fréquemment dans ces deux milieux restent peu étudiées.Les mustélidés présentent une large diversité de spécialisations locomotrices tant du point de vue du type de milieu fréquenté que du point de vue du degré de spécialisation.Cela inclut trois événements indépendants d’apparition d’un mode de vie semi-aquatique avec pour représentants actuels : le vison d’Europe, le vison Américain et les loutres. En utilisant la morphométrie géométrique pour quantifier l’ensemble de la forme de l’humérus, du radius, de l’ulna, du fémur, du tibia et de la fibula, j’ai étudié les différences morphologiques de l’appareil locomoteur des mustélidés terrestres et semi-aquatiques. Étant donné que les visons et les loutres font face aux mêmes contraintes fonctionnelles liées à une locomotion à la fois terrestre et aquatique, j’ai testé si leur morphologie convergeait. Enfin, étant donné la différence de contraintes fonctionnelles induites par les deux milieux, j’ai testé si le milieu de locomotion avait un impact homogène sur l’appareil locomoteur ou si une spécialisation de certains os pouvait être observée.Si les visons diffèrent peu de leurs parents terrestres, les loutres montrent d’importantes différences en termes de taille, forme et proportions relatives des os. Les visons présentent une morphologie similaire à celle observée chez tous les Mustelinae.Néanmoins, la morphologie de l’humérus est convergente entre les deux visons, avec une courbure plus grande que chez leurs parents terrestres. La morphologie des visons résulte de spécialisations récentes de la morphologie versatile propre aux Mustelinae, leur mode de nage est similaire à celui des Mustelinae terrestres et ils ne montrent que de subtiles différenciations morphologiques.A l’opposé, les loutres présentent des os longs dont la forme diffère nettement de celle de leurs parents terrestres. De plus, elles montrent une grande diversité de formes, en opposition avec l’hypothèse qui voudrait que de fortes contraintes fonctionnelles, telles que celles induites par la locomotion aquatique, devraient conduire à un nombre limité de réponses évolutives possibles. Les loutres montrent un ensemble de caractéristiques morphologiques en lien avec la locomotion aquatique: des os robustes, avec de larges épiphyses, un stylopode court relativement au zeugopode et un grand bras de levier pour les extenseurs du coude. Seule la loutre de mer (Enhydra lutris) montre une spécialisation différente entre les pattes avant et arrière. Les pattes arrière sont dédiées à la locomotion aquatique avec un grand bras de levier pour les muscles de la hanche et un pied transformé en palette natatoire. La patte avant, en revanche, présente une ulna gracile, avec un processus olécrane court et un radius courbé cranialement, produisant un patronde co-variation unique. Ces particularités permettent de plus grands degrés de liberté dans les mouvements de l’avant-bras, et de fait, les capacités de manipulation uniques chez cette espèce.Ainsi les mustélidés semi-aquatiques présentent une diversité qui n’était pas attendue étant donné la différence de contraintes mécaniques imposées par la locomotion dans l’eau et sur terre. Les mustélidés semi-aquatiques semblent avoir évolué depuis une morphologie ancestrale versatile jusqu’à des formes très spécialisées,où la réduction progressive de la locomotion terrestre a permis une spécialisation différente entre les membres antérieurs et postérieurs<br>Moving in water and on land implies coping with drastically different mechanicalconstraints. Water is substantially more dense and viscous than air and thus aquaticlocomotion is dominated by drag and buoyancy when terrestrial locomotion is dominatedby gravity and inertia. If extreme adaptations to locomotion in each of thesetwo media are well described, semi-aquatic species that move extensively in bothmedia remain poorly studied.Mustelids presents a large diversity of locomotor specializations involving differentkinds of locomotor environments and different degrees of specialization. It encompassthree independent evolutions of a semi-aquatic lifestyle: the European mink,the American mink, and the otters. Using geometric morphometrics to quantify theshape of the entire humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula I investigated morphologicaldifferences in the locomotor apparatus of terrestrial and semi-aquaticmustelids. As both minks and otters face functional pressures resulting from bothaquatic and terrestrial locomotion, I tested whether their morphology converged.Finally, considering the differences in the functional requirements of the two media,I explored whether the locomotor ecology has a homogeneous impact on thelocomotor apparatus or whether a functional specialization of certain parts can beobserved.Whereas minks show low morphological differentiation from their terrestrial relatives,otters diverged a lot in both shape, size, and the relative proportions of thelimb bones. Minks present a morphology that is similar to the one observed in otherMustelinae. Nevertheless, the shape of the humerus is convergent between thetwo minks, and shows a greater curvature than in their terrestrial relatives. Minksresult from recent specializations of the versatile morphology of Mustelinae witha swimming mode similar to the one of the terrestrial Mustelinae and only subtlemodifications of their long bone morphology.Conversely, otters present a long bone shape that is strongly divergent from theone of their terrestrial relatives. Additionally, they show very diverse long boneshapes in opposition to the hypothesis stating that strong functional requirements,as the ones induced by aquatic locomotion, should induce a limited number of potentialevolutionary responses. Otters show morphological features that are related to aquatic locomotion: robust bones with broad epiphyses, a short stylopodrelative to the zeugopod, and a long in-lever for elbow extensors. Only the sea otter(Enhydra lutris) presents a functional specialization that differs between hind andforelimb. The hind limb is dedicated to aquatic locomotion with a strong in-lever forthe hip muscles, and the feet that are modified into swimming paddles. Meanwhile,the forelimb presents a relatively gracile ulna with a short olecranon process and aradius that is curved more cranially, resulting in a drastic change in the pattern ofco-variation. These features are interpreted as providing greater degrees of freedomin the movements of the forearm, which allows the unique manipulative skillsof this species.Thus semi-aquatic mustelids present a diversity that was not expected given thestrong differences in the mechanical constraints imposed during locomotion in waterversus on land. Semi-aquatic mustelids appear to have evolved from the versatileancestral locomotor apparatus to highly specialized forms, where the progressivereduction of terrestrial locomotion allowed differential adaptation of the foreandhind limbs
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Tom, Michael William. "The Ecological Effects of Cattle Grazing on Reptiles and Small Mammals in a San Joaquin Valley Grassland." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1157.
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Livestock grazing is a common and extensive land use practice in the United States occurring in a wide range of habitat types. As such, livestock grazing has the potential to alter ecosystem structure, function and community composition. The primary component (Chapter 1) of this thesis examined the effects of cattle grazing in a San Joaquin Valley grassland on two target taxa: reptiles and small mammals. The study took place on the Chimineas Unit of the Carrizo Ecological Reserve, San Luis Obispo County, California during Fall 2009 and Spring 2010. These taxa were sampled on matched pairs of two grazed and two ungrazed sites. Live trapping methods appropriate to sampling reptiles (coverboards and pit fall traps) and small mammals (Sherman live traps) were used to determine species richness and abundance of these taxa. Uta stansburiana (side-blotched lizard) abundances were greatest on Ungrazed1 (Fall: 1.75±0.49 captures/night, Spring: 3.58±0.35 captures/night). In addition, Chaetodipus californicus (Spiny pocket mouse) abundance was also greatest on Ungrazed1. Population estimates generated by Program CAPTURE suggest C. californicus could be 6.27 times more abundant on Ungrazed1 than Grazed1. However, sample size issues and site level effects confounded and made it difficult to determine significant differences between the grazed and ungrazed treatments for both reptile and small mammal taxa. Habitat structure at these sites was also evaluated including small mammal burrow abundance and vegetation structure. Again, differences between the grazed and ungrazed pasture could not be discerned because of site level effects occurring among matched pairs. As such, this thesis illustrates the difficulty in studying grazing and its potential effects on biotic systems because an array of variables can make unclear the differences between grazed and ungrazed areas. As a follow up study (Chapter 2) I used logistic regression to model U. stansburiana presence to examine possible sources of variation observed at trapping array locations utilized in the main study (Chapter 1). Shrubs exhibited a quasi-complete separation of data points and the three best models included: 1) Bare soil cover (AICc = 28.12), 2) Holes (AICc = 29.76), and 3) Bare soil cover + Holes (AICc = 29.90). Shrubs, bare soil cover and small mammal burrow density were all positively associated with U. stansburiana presence at array locations. Although species have general habitat requirements based upon their ecology and evolution, variations in habitat utilization exists depending upon the resources present at a specific location. Quantifying basic ecological information on a site specific basis is important to managing populations by identifying important resources and habitat components utilized by a given species on a given site.
Books on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Mack, Curt. Lower clearwater aquatic mammal survey: Final report. Bonneville Power Administration, 1994.
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V, Popov Vladimir, and Mass A. M, eds. The sensory physiology of aquatic mammals. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
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Supin, Alexander Ya, Vladimir V. Popov, and Alla M. Mass. The Sensory Physiology of Aquatic Mammals. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1647-7.
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Pedreros, Sandra Beltran. Mamíferos aquáticos do Brasil: História natural, conservação e guia para identificação das espécies. Reggo, 2011.
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Vidal, Omar. Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from México. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1991.
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Vidal, Omar. Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from México. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmoospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1991.
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Reunião de Trabalho de Especialistas em Mamíferos Aquáticos da América do Sul (2nd 1986 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Anais da 2a. Reunião de Trabalho de Especialistas em Mamíferos Aquáticos da América do Sul. FBCN, 1987.
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Muñoz, A. Sebastián, Christopher Markus Götz, and Elizabeth Ramos Roca. Neotropical and Caribbean aquatic mammals: Perspectives from archaeology and conservation biology. Nova, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Ketten, Darlene R. "The Marine Mammal Ear: Specializations for Aquatic Audition and Echolocation." In The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing. Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2784-7_44.
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Aerts, Lisanne A. M., and Bill Streever. "Modeled and Measured Underwater Sound Isopleths and Implications for Marine Mammal Mitigation in Alaska." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_2.
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Dolman, Sarah J., Mick Green, Sarah Gregerson, and Caroline R. Weir. "Fulfilling EU Laws to Ensure Marine Mammal Protection During Marine Renewable Construction Operations in Scotland." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_26.
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Andersson, Mathias H., and Torbjörn Johansson. "Assessment of Marine Mammal Impact Zones for Use of Military Sonar in the Baltic Sea." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_5.
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Oswald, Julie N., Thomas F. Norris, Tina M. Yack, et al. "Patterns of Occurrence and Marine Mammal Acoustic Behavior in Relation to Navy Sonar Activity Off Jacksonville, Florida." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_97.
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Supin, Alexander Ya, Vladimir V. Popov, and Alla M. Mass. "Vision in Aquatic Mammals." In The Sensory Physiology of Aquatic Mammals. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1647-7_4.
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MacArthur, R. A. "Aquatic Mammals in Cold." In Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74078-7_8.
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Supin, Alexander Ya, Vladimir V. Popov, and Alla M. Mass. "Somatic Sense in Aquatic Mammals." In The Sensory Physiology of Aquatic Mammals. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1647-7_5.
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Supin, Alexander Y. "Evoked Potential Audiometry in Aquatic Mammals." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7311-5_11.
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Crespo, Enrique A., and Martín A. Hall. "Interactions Between Aquatic Mammals and Humans in the Context of Ecosystem Management." In Marine Mammals. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0529-7_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Gearty, William, Craig R. McClain, and Jonathan L. Payne. "ENERGETICS BOTH PROMOTE AND LIMIT AQUATIC MAMMAL GIGANTISM." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303646.
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Sayigh, Laela, Mary Ann Daher, Julie Allen, et al. "The Watkins Marine Mammal Sound Database: An online, freely accessible resource." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000358.
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Labak, Stanley J. "A Submariner’s perspective on marine mammal passive acoustic perception and subsequent behavior." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000297.
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Delgado-Estrella, A., M. del R. Barreto-Castro, G. Acevedo-Olvera, and L. E. Vázquez-Maldonado. "Effects of pollutant discharges on the aquatic mammal populations of Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2015. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws150191.
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Guan, Shane, Brandon L. Southall, Jay Barlow, Joseph F. Vignola, John A. Judge, and Diego Turo. "Inter-ping sound field from a simulated mid-frequency active sonar, and its implication to marine mammal tonal masking." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000488.
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Lewandowski, Jill. "Getting off the decision carousel: The case study of marine mammals and sound." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000301.
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Reyes Reyes, Maria Vanesa, Miguel A. Iñíguez Bessega, and Sarah J. Dolman. "Review of legislation applied to seismic surveys to mitigate effects on marine mammals in Latin America." In Fourth International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000285.
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Parks, Susan E., Julia R. G. Dombroski, K. Alex Shorter, David N. Wiley, Monica Ross, and Mark Johnson. "Extended duration acoustic tags provide insight into variation in behavioral response to noise by marine mammals." In 5th International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. ASA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001239.
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Tian, Jianghong, Pan Han, Xiaolong Deng, et al. "Kinematics and Hydrodynamics of Invertebrate Undulatory Swimming." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83259.
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Dorsoventral undulation is adopted by aquatic mammals for propulsion. However, it is not too common to find invertebrate aquatic animals that undulate their bodies in the vertical plane, which results from antiphasic contractions of dorsal and ventral muscles. To explore the mechanisms of the soft-bodied propulsion, in this work, an annelid swimmer employing up and down undulatory swimming mode is chosen, and the related kinematics and hydrodynamics are studied using a combined experimental and computational approach. A fully calibrated photogrammetry system with three highspeed cameras from different views is used to record the forward swimming motion of this invertebrate swimmer, namely leech. The vertically undulating kinematics are then reconstructed from those videos. With the detailed reconstruction, the undulating wavelength and amplitude distribution the swimmer exhibits during propulsion are quantified. Kinematics analysis results show that the invertebrate swimmer swims in a vertical anguilliform mode and the wavelength is about 0.7BL (body length) when it swims at a velocity of 1.5BL/s. An in-house immersed-boundary-method based flow solver is used to conduct the numerical simulations, with which the hydrodynamic performance and wake structures are investigated. The thrust generation and power consumption of the undulating body are described quantitatively. Furthermore, along the undulating body, the pressure distributions are studied.
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Delory, E., J. del Rio, A. Manuel, and M. Andre. "A portable auditory steady-state response evoked potentials unit for fast screening of aquatic mammals." In IET 3rd International Conference MEDSIP 2006. Advances in Medical, Signal and Information Processing. IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20060384.
Full textReports on the topic "Aquatic Mammal"
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Mack, Curt, Loren A. Kronemann, and Cheryl Eneas. Lower Clearwater Aquatic Mammal Survey. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/200315.
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