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1
ETSE, WEMEGAH JOSHUA, TED Y. ANNANG, and JESSE S. AYIVOR. "Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: A case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 16, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f160205.
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Etse WJ, Annang T, Ayivor JS. 2018. Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: a case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 9: 99-112. The study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of selected dominant aquatic plants and their significant effect on the chemical and physical characteristics of the water. Aquatic plants namely Nymphaea lotus, Typha australis, Ipomoea aquatica, and Scirpus cubensis were collected, identified and authenticated at the Ghana Herbarium. The proximate nutritional compositions of these plants were measured using the standard procedure outlined in the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC 2002). Water and sediment quality analyses of some physicochemical variables were also carried out using processes described in the standard methods for water and wastewater examination. The results showed that nutrient composition such as the crude protein, ether extracts, ash content, and nitrogen-free extracts was significantly higher than the corresponding constituents in Panicum maximum used as a control for the study. The findings also indicated that levels of heavy metals in all plants fell within the WHO/FAO standards for metals in vegetables and food. The effects of the physicochemical parameter of water also revealed that pH, nitrate, turbidity, DO, and BOD levels were found significantly different from the control site. The level of heavy metal in the sediment samples revealed significant variations in the distribution of the metals, with Zn showing the most significant difference and Pb the least with a mean level of 7.5±0.86 mg/L and 0.4±0.03 mg/L respectively. These plant species suggests having a high nutritive potential and indicates their possible use as mixed ingredients in animal feed. Exploitation of these aquatic plants for animal feed would be a step towards better utilization of these plants help in the management of aquatic plants within the basin.
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Mansour, Abdallah Tageldein, Mohamed Ashour, Ahmed E. Alprol, and Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi. "Aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals in the Context of Sustainability: Cultivation Techniques, Integration, and Blue Revolution." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063257.
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The aquaculture industry has rapidly increased in response to the increasing world population, with the appreciation that aquaculture products are beneficial for human health and nutrition. Globally, aquaculture organisms are mainly divided into two divisions, aquatic animals (finfish, crustaceans, and molluscs) and aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweed). Worldwide aquaculture production has reached more than 82 million tonnes (MTs) in 2018 with more than 450 cultured species. The development of economical, environmentally friendly, and large-scale feasible technologies to produce aquaculture organisms (even aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants) is an essential need of the world. Some aquaculture technologies are related to aquatic animals or aquatic plants, as well as some technologies have an integrated system. This integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals could be performed during early larvae rearing, on-growing and/or mass production. In the context of the blue revolution, the current review focuses on the generations of integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals, such as live feeds, biomass concentrates, water conditioners “green water technique”, aqua-feed additives, co-culturing technologies, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This review could shed light on the benefit of aquatic animals and plant integration, which could lead future low-cost, highly efficient, and sustainable aquaculture industry projects.
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Abilhoa, Vinícius, Hugo Bornatowski, and Gislaine Otto. "Temporal and ontogenetic variations in feeding habits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic rainforest streams, southern Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 3 (September 4, 2009): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009005000001.
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Feeding habits of the characin Hollandichthys multifasciatus were investigated. Samplings were made between March 2004 and February 2005 in two black water streams of the coastal Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil. The diet, evaluated by qualitative and quantitative methods, included aquatic and terrestrial insects, decapods, oligochaetes, plants and spiders. Large individuals feed mainly on plants, terrestrial insects, and spiders, whereas small fish feed basically on plants and oligochaetes. The species showed an omnivorous feeding habit, and its diet was composed of autochthonous (mainly oligochaetes) and allochthonous (plants and terrestrial insects) material.
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Ruenglertpanyakul, W., S. Attasat, and P. Wanichpongpan. "Nutrient removal from shrimp farm effluent by aquatic plants." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0391.
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Duckweed was used to treat effluent from a shrimp farm in a batch wise and recirculation system. The result showed that duckweed could efficiently remove nutrients in the effluent, especially ammonia, which seemed to be the preferred nitrogen source of the plant. Red tilapia was used in the recirculation system and showed high potential in removal of uneaten shrimp feed.
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Sissener, Nini Hedberg, Monica Sanden, Åshild Krogdahl, Anne-Marie Bakke, Lene Elisabeth Johannessen, and Gro-Ingunn Hemre. "Genetically modified plants as fish feed ingredients." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 3 (March 2011): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-154.
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Genetically modified (GM) plants were first grown commercially more than 20 years ago, but their use is still controversial in some parts of the world. Many GM plant varieties are produced in large quantities globally and are approved for use in fish feeds both in Norway and the European Union. European consumers, however, are skeptical to fish produced by means of GM feed ingredients. Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of GM plants, including potential toxicity and (or) allergenicity of the novel protein, potential unintended effects, and risk of horizontal gene transfer to other species. This review will present the current state of knowledge regarding GM plants as fish feed ingredients, focusing on fish performance and health as well as the fate of the GM DNA fragments in the fish, identifying limitations of the current work and areas where further research is needed.
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Rjiba-Ktita, S., A. Chermiti, R. Bodas, J. France, and S. López. "Aquatic plants and macroalgae as potential feed ingredients in ruminant diets." Journal of Applied Phycology 29, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0936-y.
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Mustaqim, Mustaqim, Mutasar Mustasar, Yusrizal Akmal, Mida Wahyuni, T. Irfan Fajri, and Zaitun Ritaqwin. "Reducing ammonia levels in catfish cultivation water using several aquatic plants." Depik 11, no. 3 (November 16, 2022): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.11.3.27723.
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Catfish farming is one of the businesses that is very much in demand by the community, because it can improve the community's economy. However, not all catfish farming businesses can produce maximum results. This can be caused by several factors, both from feed, management and water quality. Decrease in water quality can be caused by feces and fish feed residue. Poor water quality can cause the growth process, physiology and level of fish behavior to be disturbed. Efforts that can be done is to use aquatic plants as phytoremediation. The plants used in this study were Azolla sp, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna sp, Ipomoea aquatic. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study were ammonia levels, pH, and plant population. The results showed that Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna sp were able to reduce ammonia levels in catfish cultured water by 0.01 mg/l at the end of the study.Keywords:AmmoniaWater plantsCatfish
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Hazra, Harich And, Md Al Mujaddade Alfasane, Sharmin Kauser, Umme Fatema Shahjadee, and Moniruzzaman Khondker. "Biochemical Composition of Some Selected Aquatic Macrophytes Under Ex-Situ Conditions." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 44, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46545.
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Ex-situ culture studies of five selected aquatic macrophytes, namely Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn. and Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. were carried out. Comparing the biochemical composition of the above mentioned five aquatic macrophytes, on an average, Enhydra fluctuans was found to contain highest amounts of proteins (18.20%) and Ipomoea aquatica contains highest amounts of carbohydrate (58.60%). Lowest amounts of proteins (14.35%) were recorded in Hygroryza aristata and Limnocharis flava. On the other hand lowest amounts of carbohydrates were obtained in Nymphaea nouchali. Ipomoea aquatica contained highest amounts of energy (321.23 kcal) and lowest amount was observed in Limnocharis flava. The five aquatic plants were low in fiber, fat and also in ash. Among all the five aquatic macrophytes, highest values of calcium and phosphorus were found to be present in Limnocharis flava and iron was highest in Nymphaea nouchali. Lowest values of calcium and phosphorus were present in Ipomoea aquatica and lowest amount of iron was present in Limnochris flava. The present study demonstrated that, these five aquatic macrophytes are the important sources of carbohydrate, protein and minerals, which are suitable for incorporation in human diet and feed also.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 53-60, June 2018
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Yu, Yilin, Jiwu Wan, Xiaochen Liang, Yuquan Wang, Xueshen Liu, Jie Mei, Na Sun, and Xiaodong Li. "Effects of Protein Level on the Production and Growth Performance of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and Environmental Parameters in Paddy Fields." Water 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121941.
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Rice–crab co-culture systems represent integrated agriculture–aquaculture systems developed in China over the last 30 years. The rice–crab co-culture area comprised approximately 1.386 × 105 hm2 in 2019. However, there is no specific feed designed for Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) cultured in this system until now. In this study, we investigated feed formulae for the nutritional requirements of Chinese mitten crab in this mode. The control group was not fed with any artificial feed (Co), and the experimental groups were fed with three different feeds of 15% (T15), 30% (T30), or 45% (T45) protein content, respectively. Growth performance variations in E. sinensis were investigated along with water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic vascular plants, and benthic animals in the paddy fields to determine the effect of crabs and their diet on the paddy ecosystem. Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on water quality. The biomass and species of phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic vascular plants, and zoobenthos in the paddy field were affected by crabs and their diet. Morphological parameters of crabs were significantly more pronounced in the high-protein group than in the other groups. However, the T45 diet negatively affected production by increasing feed costs, causing precocious puberty and inducing water eutrophication. In conclusion, adding a 15% protein compound feed can meet the nutritional needs of crabs, reduce culture costs, and improve water quality. The discharged water had low ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content and no eutrophication occurred, so the water could be recycled. These findings provide a scientific reference for supporting rice and fish co-cultivation.
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Banunle, Albert, Bernard Fei-Baffoe, Kodwo Miezah, Nana Ewusi-Mensah, Uffe Jørgensen, Robert Aidoo, Alice Amoah, Robert Clement Abaidoo, and Alex Amerh Agbeshie. "Utilisation potentials of invasive plants in the Owabi dam in the Ashanti region of Ghana." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 3075–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3075-3095.
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This paper provides a compendium of the utilisation potential of aquatic invasive plants found in the Owabi Dam in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In total, seven aquatic invasive plants were identified in the Owabi Dam, which included Ceratophyllum demersum, Nymphaea odorata, Polygonum lanigerum, Arthropteris orientalis, Typha domingensis, Pistia stratiotes, and Cyprus papyrus. Some of the identified invasive plants were found to be highly nutritious and suitable for human consumption or use as feed for livestock, fish, and poultry. Other plants had high medicinal potential and aesthetic value. Several of the invasive plants were suitable for bio-industrial usages as feedstock to produce biofuels, insecticides, and biofertilizer, among other products. Therefore, if an effective utilization method of these currently unutilized aquatic invasive plants is established, it can provide a source of livelihood and income generation for individuals and households and contribute to controlling the impact of invasive plants on the Owabi Dam.
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Bahnasy, Soheir A., Gamal A. Kamel, and Samia E. Saaffan. "The Nutritive Value of Aquatic Plants and Their Utilization in Fish and Animal Feed." المجلة العربية للعلوم و نشر الأبحاث 2, no. 2 (March 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0025251.
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ABRAHAM, GERARD, PRANITA JAISWAL, YUDH VIR SINGH, RAVINDRA KUMAR YADAV, RAVINDRA KUMAR, VISHAL MUDGAL, and PAWAN KUMAR SINGH. "Perspectives on the utilization of Azolla-Anabaena system as feed supplement." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 9 (January 12, 2021): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109441.
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The nitrogen fixing aquatic pteridophyte Azolla is one of the fastest growing nitrogen-fixing plants and it is used as a potential source for high rate biomass production. Azolla has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen at cheaper and faster rates due to the presence of a symbiotic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae. Therefore, the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen is important from an agricultural perspective. However, Azolla is gaining popularity as feed supplement for cattle, poultry and fish. Further, the ease of cultivation and favourable nutrient composition make Azolla an important feed supplement. This review focuses on the perspectives of Azolla as feed supplement.
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Deban, Stephen M., Roi Holzman, and Ulrike K. Müller. "Suction Feeding by Small Organisms: Performance Limits in Larval Vertebrates and Carnivorous Plants." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 852–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa105.
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Abstract Suction feeding has evolved independently in two highly disparate animal and plant systems, aquatic vertebrates and carnivorous bladderworts. We review the suction performance of animal and plant suction feeders to explore biomechanical performance limits for aquatic feeders based on morphology and kinematics, in the context of current knowledge of suction feeding. While vertebrates have the greatest diversity and size range of suction feeders, bladderworts are the smallest and fastest known suction feeders. Body size has profound effects on aquatic organismal function, including suction feeding, particularly in the intermediate flow regime that tiny organisms can experience. A minority of tiny organisms suction feed, consistent with model predictions that generating effective suction flow is less energetically efficient and also requires more flow-rate specific power at small size. Although the speed of suction flows generally increases with body and gape size, some specialized tiny plant and animal predators generate suction flows greater than those of suction feeders 100 times larger. Bladderworts generate rapid flow via high-energy and high-power elastic recoil and suction feed for nutrients (relying on photosynthesis for energy). Small animals may be limited by available muscle energy and power, although mouth protrusion can offset the performance cost of not generating high suction pressure. We hypothesize that both the high energetic costs and high power requirements of generating rapid suction flow shape the biomechanics of small suction feeders, and that plants and animals have arrived at different solutions due in part to their different energy budgets.
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Maharani, Henni Wijayanti, Qadar Hasani, Muhammad Ariful Aimma, Deny Sapto Chondro Utomo, Limin Santoso, Nidya Kartini, and Radho Al Kausar. "Growth performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in water from ex-sand pit lakes by phytoremediation treatments." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 3237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.092.3237.
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Utilization of ex-sand pit lakes for aquaculture is difficult due to low water quality and high concentrations of iron (Fe). Phytoremediation using aquatic plants has been proven to be effective in reducing Fe in waters. This study aims to determine the growth, feed conversion efficiency and survival rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured with ex-sand mining water media with phytoremediation treatment. Phytoremediation treatment was carried out by Eichhornnia crassipes, Azolla pinnata, and Salvinia molesta. Fish culture experiments were carried out in plastic tarpaulin tanks for 40 days, with ad satiation feeding, three times a day using the commercial feed. The results showed that phytoremediation with aquatic plants had succeeded in reducing Fe to a level suitable for fish culture. Fish culture experiments showed an absolute length growth rate of 0.09-0.18 cm/day and an absolute weight growth rate of 0.11-0.16 g/day. The feed conversion ratio was 1.18-1.40 and the survival rate was 98.04-99.08%. The survival rate of tilapia is high, the feed conversion ratio is medium and growth is low. The high environmental temperature and the decrease in water quality due to the absence of water changes and aeration are suspected of causing the low growth of fish. Therefore, further research with water change and aeration experiments and the use of other species of fish is needed to follow up the results of this study.
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Reis, A. R., and Y. Sakakibara. "Enzymatic degradation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic plants and relations to biological Fenton reaction." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.241.
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In order to evaluate the removal performance of trace phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by aquatic plants, batch and continuous experiments were conducted using floating and submerged plants. The EDCs used in this study were bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and nonylphenol. The feed concentration of each EDC was set at 100 μg/L. Continuous experiments showed that every EDC except pentachlorophenol was efficiently removed by different aquatic plants through the following reaction, catalyzed by peroxidases: EDCs+H2O2→Products+H2O2. Peroxidases were able to remove phenolic EDCs in the presence of H2O2 over a wide pH range (from 3 to 9). Histochemical localization of peroxidases showed that they were located in every part of the root cells, while highly concentrated zones were observed in the epidermis and in the vascular tissues. Although pentachlorophenol was not removed in the continuous treatment, it was rapidly removed by different aquatic plants when Fe2+ was added, and this removal occurred simultaneously with the consumption of endogenous H2O2. These results demonstrated the occurrence of a biological Fenton reaction and the importance of H2O2 as a key endogenous substance in the treatment of EDCs and refractory toxic pollutants.
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Kayadoe, M., J. F. Koibur, and H. Warmetan. "Komposisi Kimia dan Komponen Serat Berbagai Jenis Pakan Lokal yang Berasal dari Habitat Asal Kuskus dan Penangkaran." Sains Peternakan 12, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.12.1.15-19.
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<p>The study was to examine the chemical composition and fiber components in various local feed sourced from native habitats and in cage. The research use 11 type of feed that rested on three types of feed native habitats (3 types of timber plants: Pometia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata, and Intsia bijuga and 8 types of feed from kuskus cage are three types of non wood plants: Ipomoea aquatic, Ipomoea batatas, and Brassicia spp., and five types of fruits: Carica papaya, Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus integra, Averhoa carambala, Persea americana). Proximate and van Soest analysis was analized in the Feed and Nutrition Laboratory Fakultas Peternakan Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unipa, The laboratory of Forest Product Tecnology Fakultas Kehutanan Unipa, and BPT Ciawi, Bogor. The result showed that the type of feed sourced native habitats has a chemical compositions beter than that type of feed from captivity (cage). Besides higher fiber components contained on type of feed from his native habitat. These were consistent with research in Papua New Guinea that fibrous feed either need to overcome intestinal infleminations and possibly longer survival. The conclusions of this study were rear edin captivity possum that given the dominant feed fruits turned out to be given food from his native habitat because of higher potential for nutrient and fiber components.<br />Key words: chemical composition, fiber components, feed, native habitats, captivity</p>
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Kayadoe, M., J. F. Koibur, and H. Warmetan. "Komposisi Kimia dan Komponen Serat Berbagai Jenis Pakan Lokal yang Berasal dari Habitat Asal Kuskus dan Penangkaran." Sains Peternakan 12, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v12i1.4766.
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<p>The study was to examine the chemical composition and fiber components in various local feed sourced from native habitats and in cage. The research use 11 type of feed that rested on three types of feed native habitats (3 types of timber plants: Pometia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata, and Intsia bijuga and 8 types of feed from kuskus cage are three types of non wood plants: Ipomoea aquatic, Ipomoea batatas, and Brassicia spp., and five types of fruits: Carica papaya, Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus integra, Averhoa carambala, Persea americana). Proximate and van Soest analysis was analized in the Feed and Nutrition Laboratory Fakultas Peternakan Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unipa, The laboratory of Forest Product Tecnology Fakultas Kehutanan Unipa, and BPT Ciawi, Bogor. The result showed that the type of feed sourced native habitats has a chemical compositions beter than that type of feed from captivity (cage). Besides higher fiber components contained on type of feed from his native habitat. These were consistent with research in Papua New Guinea that fibrous feed either need to overcome intestinal infleminations and possibly longer survival. The conclusions of this study were rear edin captivity possum that given the dominant feed fruits turned out to be given food from his native habitat because of higher potential for nutrient and fiber components.<br />Key words: chemical composition, fiber components, feed, native habitats, captivity</p>
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Jha, Sasinath, and Bindu Pokharel (Bhattarai). "Duckweed: The hidden treasure." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v5i1.41719.
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In recent years, the tiny aquatic angiospermic plants ‘duckweeds’ have become prominent because they provide high protein animal feed, organic fertilizer, bio-fuel; control mosquitoes; and, have great applicability in wastewater purification, toxicity testing, and in basic research and evolutionary model system. In the aforesaid context, this presentation deals in brief with general characteristics, distribution, environmental requirements, aquaculture, and some uses of duckweeds.
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Halder, Jaydeep, A. B. Rai, Samiran Chakrabarti, and Debjani Dey. "Distribution, Host Range and Bionomics of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761) a Polyphagous Aphid in Aquatic Vegetables." Defence Life Science Journal 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.14403.
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The present study records the occurrence of water lily aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linn, 1971) on different aquatic plants from Varanasi and adjoining regions, Uttar Pradesh, India for the fi rst time. Both nymphs and adults prefer to feed on petiole, leaf lamina and buds towards terminal portion of different aquatic plants. They suck the cell sap resulting in curling of leaves, stunted plant growth with lower number of fruits in water chestnut. Further, the honey dew deposited on the leaves favours the development of black sooty-mould and hinders the normal photosynthetic activity of the plants. Infestation of aphid started in the region on water chestnut during last week of October (1.35 aphids leaf-1) coinciding with the initiation of winter in the region and gradually increased with highest peak (21.95 aphids leaf-1) during fourth week of January. Amongst the different aquatic host plants under study in the region, olfactometer study showed significantly highest number of R. nymphaeae (28%) attraction towards lotus followed by of water chestnut (21.3%) and water lily (20%) and the least was with water hyacinth (4%). Amongst the biopesticides tested, L. lecanii @ 5 g lit-1was found most promising with lowest median lethal time (31.09 h) followed by neem oil (1%) (41.59 h) and M. anisopliae (43.95 h).
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Orso, Graziella, Roberta Imperatore, Elena Coccia, Ghasem Ashouri, and Marina Paolucci. "Lamiaceae as Feed Additives in Fish Aquaculture." Fishes 7, no. 6 (November 26, 2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060349.
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The growing demand for high-quality food has induced a rapid expansion of the aquaculture sector. On the other hand, this sector has to overcome numerous challenges and problems triggered by the adoption of intensive farming systems, such as stress and high susceptibility to diseases. The improper use of chemicals and antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in fish, with consequent health risks for consumers. Natural additives are increasingly used in aquaculture and, among these, medicinal plants are constantly under investigation as safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemicals. Great attention has been paid to Lamiaceae plants as feed additives capable of enhancing the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant status of farmed fish. The aim of this review is to provide an updated picture of the employment of the Lamiaceae species (oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme, and mint) to enhance farmed fish health. The benefits of oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme, and mint feed supplementation on growth performance, immune system, antioxidant status, hemato-biochemical parameters, and resistance to stress, parasites, and bacteria have been described, highlighting weaknesses and drawbacks and proposing possible implementations.
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Akram, Muhammad Zeeshan, Sema Yaman, Hassan Jalal, Sibel Canoğulları Doğan, Sana Shahid, and Basit Shaukat Ali. "Effects of Feeding Genetically Modified Crops to Domestic Animals: A Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (December 10, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.110-118.2773.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops are being planted at large scale worldwide. In most of the countries, GM crops are processed into livestock feed. The land is used for cultivation of GM plants has been increased in recent years; in 2012 GM plants were grown on over 170 million hectares in 28 countries by 17.3 million farmers and extended to 185.1 million hectors in 2016 worldwide. GM plants have been used as feed for animals and the number of studies has proved their safety for animal and public health. This paper reviews the possible effects of GM crops on livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals by reviewing different type of studies, in which parameters such as performance, reproductive and health assessment were investigated. The most of peer-reviewed papers evaluating the effects of feeding animals with transgenic crops were based on GM plants with improved agronomic traits i.e. herbicide-tolerant plants and pets-tolerant plants; however, in some cases GM plants with boosted nutritional properties assessed. In most experiments, either Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, Roundup Ready (RR) soybean or both fed to animals. Measurable differences in various parameters were mostly observed in Bt maize and soybean fed separately or simultaneously to animals. In this review, scientific studies showing the effects of the use of GM products in the nutrition of domestic animals on performance, health and reproductive parameters are investigated.
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Ting, Jia Yee, Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, and Siti Syahirah Safiah Mohamad. "Nutritional Evaluation of Azolla pinnata and Azolla microphylla as Feed Supplements for Dairy Ruminants." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 13, no. 1S (October 5, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.314.
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Azolla is an aquatic plant that has the potential to be used as animal feed due to its high nutritive value and very productive plant. Thus, the objectives of this study are to determine and compare the nutrient and mineral composition of Azolla pinnata and Azolla microphylla. A. pinnata and A. microphylla are aquatic plants that have a high potential to be introduced as a new alternative feed supplement to ruminants. Samples were collected at Ladang Lembah Kaprima Hulu Seladang, Tenox Agribusiness (M) Sdn Bhd, Kampung Seladang, Setiu, Terengganu. The collected samples were dried and ground before the samples were analysed by using proximate analysis and microwave digestion for Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Six parameters were measured for the proximate analyses which were dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract. The mineral compositions were analyzed for the contents of copper, zinc, iron, calcium and manganese using the ICP-OES. The result shows that A. microphylla contains the highest protein and ether extract content compared to A. pinnata. As in mineral composition, A. pinnata and A. microphylla showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two plants. This study revealed that A. microphylla is more suitable to be used as a supplement for dairy ruminants as it contains a more nutritive value in terms of higher crude protein and ether extract that are essential for the ruminant diet.
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Olimov, Lutfiddin Omanovich, and Abdurashid Khamidillaevich Yusupov. "The Influence Of Semiconductor Leds On The Aquatic Environment And The Problems Of Developing Lighting Devices For Fish Industry Based On Them." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue02-14.
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The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the influence of semiconductor LEDs on the aqueous environment. It has been shown that the use of semiconductor LEDs in fish farming is the preferred source of optical radiation in the development of microorganisms in natural or open bodies of water, in particular, in the growth of functional systems as aquatic plants, fish and their larvae, as well as moderate development of zooplankton, phytoplankton, detritus, which are the natural feed base of fish and their larvae.
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Najar, Ishtiyaq Ahmed. "Vermicomposting of aquatic weeds: A quick review." Plant Science Today 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.3.311.
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Aquatic plants play an important role in ecosystem functioning and services but they can also be deleterious if present in excess. The different anthropogenic activities result in accumulation of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems leads to eutrophication with massive weed growth and associated diverse adverse effects. Effective control/management of weeds in different aquatic systems is not only difficult but of short duration. The commonly used methods to manage/control the aquatic weeds are biological, chemical and mechanical, in addition to habitat manipulation. However, these methods can be highly disruptive causing adverse environmental effects and are relatively inefficient. On the other hand different species of earthworms can feed on wide range of weeds and convert them into stable product called vermicompost, rich in plant nutrients. Among different aquatic weeds the most extensively vermicomposted weed is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), using different earthworm species. Among different earthworm species used for vermicomposting of aquatic weeds, Eisenia fetida (Savigny) is the most commonly used species. Vermicomposting is an efficient ecobiotechnological process that converts the aquatic weeds into nutrient rich material that can acts as suitable plant growth media for sustainable agroecosystems. Further large scale utilization of aquatic weed based vermicompost in horticulture can solve their management and disposal issues along with restoration of organic matter and nutrient depletion at low input basis.
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Biyatmoko, Danang, Untung Santoso, and Tintin Rostini. "PKM Introduksi Sediaan Konsentrat Hijauan Rawa Sebagai Sumber Protein Itik Alabio." Jurnal Pengabdian ILUNG (Inovasi Lahan Basah Unggul) 1, no. 2 (November 8, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ilung.v1i2.4114.
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Abstract Duck feed ingredients are currently still expensive and less affordable for breeders, it is necessary to have alternative quality feed ingredients originating from potential superior swamp plants. The activity aims to provide concentrate preparations from swamp forage as feed ingredients for ducks to reduce feed prices, improve ration quality and income (IOFC) for laying ducks. The activity partner is the Keraton duck group in the Martapura sub-district, Banjar Regency. The activity lasts months. The results of this activity are identification of superior forage originating from swamps that have the potential to be used as feed for laying ducks including Kayapu (Azolla pinnata, aquatic algae (Azolla microphylla, duckweed (Lemna minor), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta L.), genjer (Limnocharis flava), kiambang (Salvinia molesta ) and antanan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban).There are only four forage concentrates that have a nutrient content of more than 20%, namely kayapu , aquatic algae (azolla microphylla), duckweed (Lemna minor) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), until they are packaged as swamp forage concentrate products .Feeding trial application of alternative feed ingredients, 30% swamp forage concentrate in duck rations can improve the quality of the main duck ration protein (PK), which resulted in an increase in the number of egg production and the percentage of egg production from 67% to 69.3%, as well as a decrease in ration prices from the price before the activity is IDR 5,630/kg to IDR 4,035/kg after the activity. Feed conversion (FCR) was improved from FCR 6.0 improved to 4.6, egg yolk color increased from 8-9 to 10-11, and IOFC increased from Rp 5.8 million/month to Rp 6.3 million/month. The conclusion shows that the activity of making concentrate preparations is very helpful for farmers increase business profits. Keywords: egg production, forage concentrate, iofc, ration price, swamp forage Abstrak Bahan pakan itik saat ini masih mahal dan kurang terjangkau peternak, perlu alternatif bahan pakan yang berkualitas asal tanaman potensial unggulan rawa. Kegiatan bertujuan untuk menyediaan sediaan konsentrat asal hijauan rawa sebagai bahan pakan itik untuk menurunkan harga pakan, memperbaiki kualitas ransum dan pendapatan (IOFC) usaha itik petelur. Mitra kegiatan adalah kelompok itik Keraton di kecamatan martapura Kabupaten Banjar. Kegiatan berlangsung dua bulan. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah Identifikasi hijauan unggulan asal rawa yang potensial sebagai pakan itik petelur ada sembilan meliputi kayapu (azolla pinnata, ganggang air (azolla microphylla, duckweed (Lemna minor), kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes), daun talas (Colocasia esculenta L.), genjer (Limnocharis flava), kiambang (Salvinia molesta ) dan antanan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). Pembuatan konsentrat hijauan hanya ada empat hijauan rawa yang memiliki kadar nutrisi di atas 20% yaitu kayapu, ganggang air (azolla microphylla), duckweed (Lemna minor) dan kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), hingga dikemas sebagai produk konsentrat hijauan rawa. Feeding trial penerapan bahan pakan alternatif konsentrat hijauan rawa 30% dalam ransum itik mampu memperbaiki kualitas ransum itik utamanya protein (PK), yang berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah produksi telur dan prosentase produksi telur dari 67% menjadi 69,3%, serta penurunan harga ransum dari harga sebelum kegiatan sebesar Rp 5.630/kg menjadi Rp 4.035/kg setelah kegiatan. Konversi pakan (FCR) diperbaiki dari FCR 6,0 membaik menjadi 4,6, warna kuning telur meningkat dari 8-9 menjadi 10-11, dan IOFC naik dari Rp 5,8 juta/bln menjadi Rp 6,3 juta/bln. Kesimpulan menunjukkan kegiatan pembuatan sediaan konsentrat sangat membantu peternak meningkatkan keuntungan usaha itik petelur. Kata kunci: harga ransum, hijauan rawa, iofc, konsentrat hijauan, produksi telur
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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Family Tipulidae (Insecta: Diptera) as a natural enemy of Culicidae (Diptera)." International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 019–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2022.3.2.0056.
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The Tipulidae serve as food for several species of birds and insects. Many fish and some waterfowl feed on the larvae. They are vulnerable to fungal infection. Some aquatic larvae are used as bait in recreational fishing. The Tipulidae are agricultural pests of economic importance because the larvae live in the upper layers of the soil, where they feed on the roots, root hairs, crown and sometimes the leaves of crops, stunting their growth or killing the plants. The aim of the manuscript is to report the importance of Tipulidae in the natural control of Culicidae. The bibliographic verification of Tipulidae was carried out from 1906 to 2022. Manuscripts published in scientific journals and digital platforms on the subject were examined. With this paper it expands the knowledge of the bioecology and bionomy of Tipulidae.
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Munaeni, W., F. Muchdar, and M. Aris. "Role of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. in shrimp and fish: a mini review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012041.
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Abstract Medicinal plants have been commonly used in aquaculture to increase growth and immunity and control fish diseases as an effort to replace or as alternative to uses of chemical antibiotics and compounds. The use of medicinal plants in aquaculture provides safe and environmentally friendly compounds. Natural products of medicinal plants have been used in humans for thousands of years to treat disease. One of them is Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. This article describes the potential of E. bulbosa as an antibacterial, prebiotic, and antioxidant as well as its efficacy on aquatic organisms. Addition of extracts and powders of E. bulbosa through feed to white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was able to improve growth performance, immune response, and resistance against infection from pathogenic bacteria. Optimal use of E. bulbosa needs to pay attention to dose and size of shrimp cultured. So far, administration of E. bulbosa powder through feed was more effective and efficient than the use of E. bulbosa extract in a large scale. Research on E. bulbosa as an immunostimulant in fish is still limited. Further research on the use of E. bulbosa should be conducted to examine the effect of E. bulbosa on growth performance and fish health on a large scale aquaculture.
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Roslan, Mohd Naqib Azfar Mohd, Abentin Estim, Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran, and Saleem Mustafa. "Effects of Aquatic Plants on Nutrient Concentration in Water and Growth Performance of Fantail Goldfish in an Aquaculture System." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 11236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011236.
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The effects of two aquatic plants, duckweed (Lemna sp.) and azolla (Azolla sp.), on the growth performance of fantail goldfish (Carassius auratus) and dissolved nutrient concentrations were studied. The experiments were carried out in triplicate sets over a period of seven weeks. Eight specimens of fantail goldfish (length = 5.16 ± 0.06 cm; body weight = 2.30 ± 0.06 g) were released into each of the aquariums containing 40 L of water. Submerged sponge filters were used as the substrate (bed) for the nitrifying bacteria to facilitate nitrification. The fish were provided feed at the rate of 2% of their body weight twice daily. In situ and ex situ water parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total suspended solids, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate), body weight and length of the Fantail goldfish, and wet weight of aquatic plants were measured weekly. The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the three aquariums in water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Survival of the fish was 100%. The highest food conversion ratio and specific growth rate were observed in the aquarium stocked with duckweed, followed by the aquarium with azolla and the control set (p < 0.05). The concentrations of nutrients (ammonia and nitrate) were recorded lowest (p < 0.05) in the aquarium with azolla, followed by duckweed and the control. The results suggested that aquatic plants were effective in absorbing nutrients and can serve as biofilters to create better conditions for the growth of the fantail goldfish.
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Nicula, Marioara, Nicolae Pacala, Lavinia Stef, Ioan Pet, Dorel Dronca, Mirela Ahmadi, and Adriana Gherbon. "Garlic and Chlorella Biomodulate Lead Toxicity on Manganese Homeostasis in Carassius gibelio Bloch." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.4.6242.
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Environmental pollution negatively affects the aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals are considered dangerous toxic elements for aquatic biota, as metallic elements or as salts which exhibit great stability. Among these, lead is toxic for all aquatic biotic components. Our research investigated the manganese distribution in tissue of Prussian carp fishes after lead intoxication, highlighted also the lead detoxifying potential of active principles from garlic and chlorella (powder). For our experiment 120 Prussian carp fingerlings, weighing 22-25g each, for 21 consecutive days, were divided according to the following treatments: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75ppm Pb in water as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O), E2 group (75ppm Pb in water+2% freeze-dry garlic in feed), E3 group (75ppm Pb in water+2% freeze-dry chlorella in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscle myotomers�epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected after euthanasia with clove oil. Manganese concentration was analytical performed using AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry). Using fish as bioindicators of lead experimental contamination allowed us to obtain valuable informations about its ability to substitut/remove bioactiv minerals from animal tisssues. In the same time, we could emphasize the efficiency of natural antioxidants or chelators of edible plants (such as garlic) or algae (such as chlorella), to alleviat the lead impact on homeostasis of trace elements from tissues.
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Yakovenko, G. L., T. N. Slesareva, T. V. Yakovenko, S. A. Pisareva, and N. V. Myasnikova. "The effect of new forms of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012021.
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Abstract The limiting factor of yield is often the insufficient supply of plants with nutrients during the growing season. In this regard, it is necessary to find new techniques that provide a solution to this problem. The article presents the results of studies of micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of white lupine grain. The use of Aquamix ST fertilizers and potassium Metaborate contributed to an increase in the yield of white lupine grain by an average of 37.5 and 35.4%. In all variants of applying Aquamix ST, an increase in the protein content in the white lupine grain of the Pilgrim variety was found. The excess over the control varied from 5.0 to 5.8 %. The use of Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate on vegetative plants reduced the alkaloid content of lupin grain by 24.7 … 34.6%. Treatment of white lupine crops in the budding phase with Aquamix ST and potassium Metaborate increased the carotene content in the grain by 34.3 - 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the maximum amount of lysine and carotene was characterized by a variant that includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Aquamix ST and subsequent treatment of vegetating plants in the budding phase. On average, over the years of research, the use of micro and macro fertilizers led to an increase in feed units and digestible protein with the yield of lupine grain. More valuable in terms of feed were the options that combine high yield with high grain quality. The greatest collection of digestible protein of 1.26 t/ha, feed units of 6.0 t/ha and exchange energy of 54.8 GJ/ha was provided by Aquamix ST in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment and two treatments for vegetation. Potassium metaborate, used for the treatment of vegetative plants in the budding phase, showed almost the same results.
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Lugo-Rubio, Jesús Yolanda, Ely Sara López-Álvarez, Nadia Vázquez-Montoya, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, José Adán Félix-Ortiz, Eder Lugo-Medina, María Nancy Herrera-Moreno, Eusebio Nava-Pérez, and Wenceslao Valenzuela-Quiñónez. "Extracts of Moringa oleifera and Croton californicus against infections of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 50, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2825.
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We evaluated the inhibition activity of extracts from two common plants, moringa (Moringa oleifera) and croton (Croton californicus), against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The experiment was developed in three phases. First, extracts were prepared, and phytochemical screening of plants was performed. Second, microbiological tests were applied to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, two bioassays were performed on juvenile shrimp by administering the extracts (first) in shrimp feed at 24 and 72 h, pre-infection, and the second in feed and directly to the culture water. Based on preliminary results of antimicrobial activity, an extract concentration of 60 mg mL-1 inhibited V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) at a final concentration of approximately 1×106 CFU mL-1. Bioassays were carried out in order to determine the V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) median lethal dose (LC50) for juvenile Penaeus vannamei (0.20 ± 0.05 g); the LC50 was 85×103 CFU mL-1. As a first test, the extracts were added to commercial feed at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg mL-1. After feeding, the shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), and mortality was recorded. For the first infection time (24 h), survival was 46 and 33% with croton and moringa, respectively; for the second infection time (72 h), survival was 16 and 25% with croton and moringa. Application of antibacterial extracts directly to culture water were effective against V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16). The best result (94% survival) was obtained with a high dose (3.6 mg mL-1 or 30%) of moringa extracts added directly to culture water. Moringa methanol extracts produce active compounds capable of inhibiting replication of V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in shrimp aquaculture and reducing shrimp mortality.
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Silva, A. F., C. Cruz, R. L. C. M. Pitelli, and R. A. Pitelli. "Use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control agent for submerged aquatic macrophytes." Planta Daninha 32, no. 4 (December 2014): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000400011.
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This study aimed to evaluate feed preference and control efficacy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Egeria najas. An experiment was carried out at mesocosms conditions with 2,000 liters capacity and water residence time of 2.8 days. C. demersum, E. densa e E. najas biomasses were offered individually with sixty g and coupled in similar quantities of 30 g of each species, evaluated during 81 days, envolving 6 treatments. (1 - C. demersum, 2 - E. najas, 3 -E. densa, 4 - C. demersum + E. najas, 5 - C. demersum + E. densa and 6 - E. najas + E. densa). When offered individually, E. najas and C. demersum presented the same predation rate by grass carp, which was higher than E. densa predation rate. When plants were tested in pairs, the order of feed preference was C. demersum > E. najas > E. densa. E. najas and C. demersum percentage control ranged from 73 to 83%. No relation between biomass consumption and grass carp body weight gain was observed, probably due to differences in nutritional quality among macrophyte species according to fish necessities. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of grass carp is one excellent technique to control submersed macrophytes in Brazil.
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Verma, Vipin Kumar, Kumari Vandana Rani, Neeta Sehgal, and Om Prakash. "Immunostimulatory effect of artificial feed supplemented with indigenous plants on Clarias gariepinus against Aeromonas hydrophila." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 35, no. 6 (December 2013): 1924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.029.
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Davenport, John. "A cleaning association between the oceanic crab Planes minutus and the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 3 (August 1994): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400047780.
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Columbus crabs, Planes minutus (L.) (Crustacea: Brachyura) are often found on the postero-ventral surfaces of sea turtles, particularly the loggerhead Caretta caretta (L.) (Testudines: Cheloniidae). There has been a general acceptance of a hypothesis that the crabs feed upon turtle faeces. However, evidence is presented here to demonstrate that Planes has a ‘cleaning’ role, feeding on other epibionts (e.g. barnacle cyprids, parasitic amphipods) during daylight hours. At night it is likely that the crabs feed on neustonic animals (e.g. euphausids). The species is also cannibalistic.
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Correa, Sandra Bibiana, Ricardo Betancur-R., Bernard de Mérona, and Jonathan W. Armbruster. "Diet shift of Red Belly Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a Neotropical fish, in the Sepik-Ramu River Basin, Papua New Guinea." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 4 (January 9, 2015): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130212.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction of fish species is a globally widespread practice that causes losses of native species and homogenization of diversity within and across continents. Diet assessments are important tools to depict the ecological function of species introduced into novel ecosystem and possible direct and indirect ecological effects. In this study, we compare the diet of Piaractus brachypomus, a mainly frugivorous Neotropical fish, introduced into the Sepik-Ramu River Basin (Papua New Guinea) nearly two decades ago, to that of similar size individuals from Neotropical populations in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins (South America). In contrast to native populations that feed mainly on terrestrial plants and invertebrates, the diet of introduced P. brachypomus is mainly composed of fish remains and aquatic plants, while terrestrial plants are frequently consumed but in relatively smaller amounts. These findings show that P. brachypomus has an inherently plastic diet that can be adjusted when displaced to a novel geographic area. While trophic plasticity increases the likelihood of a species to establish breeding populations after its introduction, it also reduces our ability to predict negative effects on native species.
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Marichal Plasencia, Graciliano Nicolás, Jorge Camacho-Espino, Deivis Ávila Prats, and Baltasar Peñate Suárez. "Machine Learning Models Applied to Manage the Operation of a Simple SWRO Desalination Plant and Its Application in Marine Vessels." Water 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182547.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, two machine learning techniques, specifically decision trees (DTs) and support vector machines (SVMs), were applied to optimize the performance of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant with a capacity of 100 m3 per day. The input variables to the system were seawater pH, seawater conductivity, and three requirements: permeate flow rate, permeate conductivity, and total energy consumed by the desalination plant. These requirements were decided based on a cost function that prioritizes the water needs in a vessel and the maximum possible energy savings. The intelligent system modifies the actuators of the plant: feed flow rate control and high-pressure pump (HPP) operating pressure. This tool is proposed for the optimal use of desalination plants in marine vessels. Although both machine learning techniques output satisfactory results, it was concluded that the DTs technique (HPP pressure: root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.0104; feed flow rate: RMSE = 0.0196) is more accurate than SVMs (HPP pressure: RMSE = 0.0918; feed flow rate: RMSE = 0.0198) based on the metrics used. The final objective of the paper is to extrapolate the implementation of this smart system to other shipboard desalination plants and optimize their performance.
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Snow, A., B. Anderson, and B. Wootton. "Flow-through land-based aquaculture wastewater and its treatment in subsurface flow constructed wetlands." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a11-023.
Full textAbstract:
The growing of finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, and aquatic plants is termed aquaculture and it is currently the fastest growing animal food producing sector in the world. Flow-through aquaculture facilities are the most commonly used production system for the culture of salmonids. Flow-through land-based aquaculture facilities place great demands on water resources because they require large volumes of high quality source water to grow fish and they also discharge their wastewaters into the aquatic environment. The main source of waste in aquaculture wastewaters is the addition of formulated feed to the culture structure. Discharge of untreated aquaculture wastewaters can lead to physicochemical and biological degradation of receiving waters. Despite advances in feed quality and feeding practices, the treatment of wastewaters from flow-through land-based aquaculture facilities is a necessary practice. Conventional wastewater treatment from flow-through land-based aquaculture facilities has focused on gravitational sedimentation and mechanical screening of the wastewater, which successfully addresses the particulate fraction of the waste. In the past decade, the use of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSFCWs), which treat both the particulate and the dissolved fraction of the waste have been gaining attention for the treatment of wastewater from flow-through land-based salmonid farms. Existing studies have demonstrated that SSFCWs have the potential to successfully remove solids, oxygen demanding materials and nutrients from flow-through land-based salmonid wastewaters.
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Khan, Tazeen Fatima, Samapti Roy, and Md Harunur Rashid. "Phytoavailability of chromium in chromium salt and poultry feed." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v27i2.46469.
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A pot-culture experiment was conducted to investigate phytoavailability of chromium in inorganic chromium salt and raw poultry feed made from tannery waste. Poultry feed from tannery waste was applied to the soil at a rate of 5 t/ha while inorganic chromium salt was applied at a rate of 10 mg/ kg and 810 mg/kg. An upland leafy-vegetable commonly known as Kalmi (Ipomoea aquatica) was used to assess the phytoavailability. Physico-chemical analyses of all soil and plant samples were done at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation to assess chromium phytoavailability and also its effects on the uptake of other heavy metals viz., lead and iron. Plants treated with Cr showed declined vegetative growth, low accumulation of dry matter, reduced nutrient concentration and reduced nutrient uptake. It was found that the plants accumulated higher amount of Cr from raw poultry feed treated soil compared to that of the inorganic Cr salt treated soil. The effect of treatments on Cr accumulation both in root and shoot was found significant. The study concludes that Cr is phytoavailable depending on the source and increased concentration of Cr decreases accumulation of Pb and Fe and thereby likely to decrease uptake of these metals.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 201-211, 2018 (July)
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Yagovenko, G. L., Т. V. Yagovenko, Т. N. Slesareva, N. M. Zaitseva, and N. V. Misnikova. "Application of new forms of fertilizers to improve productivity and grain quality of white lupine." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-79-1-89-94.
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Substantiation and development of technology elements for obtaining a sustainable productivity of lupine grain is an important and urgent task for expanding the area under this grain crop. There have been considered the study results of the effect of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’, ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, ‘Tiaton’ on productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The study was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine – a branch of the FWRC FPA, in the soil and climatic conditions of the southwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone in 2018-2019. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the efficiency of these innovative micro- and macrofertilizers and the methods of their application on a number of indicators that improve productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The application of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ contributed to an increase of white lupine grain productivity on 37.5 and 35.4%. There has been determined protein increase from 5.0 to 5.8% in grain of the white lupine variety ‘Piligrim’ in all application variants of ‘Aquamix ST’. The use of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in the vegetation period of plants reduced alkaloid content of lupine grain on 24.7-34.6%. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in white lupine budding stage increased carotene content in grain on 34.3 and 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the variant including pre-seeding treatment with ‘Aquamix ST’ and subsequent treatment in the budding stage of plants was characterized by the maximum amount of lysine and carotene. There was noted that the application of micro- and macrofertilizers resulted in an increase in feed units and digestible protein. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’, including pre-seeding treatment and two treatments in the vegetation period of plants provided the largest yield of digestible protein (1.26 t/ha), 6.0 t/h of feed units, and 54.8 GJ/ha of exchangeable energy. ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, used in the treatment of plants in their budding phase, showed almost the same results. The options that combined high productivity with high grain quality were more valuable according their feed value.
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Abisha, R., K. Dube, S. P. Shukla, P. B. Sawant, M. H. Chandrakant, J. JanE, and K. D. Raju. "Performance of a bio-integrated aquaculture production system in floating net cages with angelfish, aquatic plant and leafy vegetable." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 03 (May 2, 2022): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/3/mrn-1929.
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Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of an integrated aquaculture system in a reservoir utilizing three components like ornamental fish, ornamental aquatic plant and leafy vegetable in floating net cages. Methodology: Components used in the study comprised Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare), aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum demersum), and leafy vegetable (Spinacia oleracea). Angelfish and ornamental aquatic plants were stocked inside the net cages (3x3x3m), while leafy vegetables were grown on rafts floating on the surface of cages. Completely Randomized Design was followed in triplicates for 90 days. Three treatments T1, T2 and T3 were stocked with angelfish (0.24±0.06g) of varying stocking densities 20, 25, 30 m-3 respectively, along with uniform stocking densities of C. demersum (20 bundles per cage weighing 414.17±5.12 g per cage) and spinach (144 numbers per cage; average height 8.69±0.52 cm), whereas C1 (Angelfish 20/m3) and C2 (C. demersum and spinach) were used to compare the efficiency of the system. Results: The growth performances of angelfish after 90 days, in terms of average weight, survival rate, feed efficiency ratio and specific growth rate were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T3 with 1.60±0.09g, 87.04±0.98%, 0.32±0.001 and 2.11±0.01%/day respectively, whereas Feed Conversion Ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05) in T3 (3.15±0.01). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the biomass production of C. demersum and growth of spinach. Digestive and stress enzymes showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the treatments and control. Interpretation: This study demonstrated the efficiency of the bio-integrated food production system paving a way to enhance the utilization of open water resources benefiting farmers with food and income.
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Zaporozhec, Ekaterina Yur'evna, and Albert Hamed-Harisovich Nugmanov. "Prospects of obtaining sodium alginate from brown algae of Caspian Sea." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2022, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-48-53.
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The scientists and technologists focus on studying the traditional technologies of processing geophytes. Modern development trends in biotechnology demand the expansion of the raw material base. The growing needs of medicine, food and feed industries in biologically active substances call for increased attention to new unconventional sources of renewable raw materials. For example, the brown algae of the Caspian Sea can be considered as a perspective object due to a high concentration of the unique biologically active substances. There are discussed the prospects and possibilities of obtaining the alginic acid and its derivatives from the algae of the Volga-Caspian basin. The decisive role of polysaccharides of the algae has been defined. Expediency of using aquatic plants of the Volga-Caspian basin as alternative little-studied raw materials for further processing and obtaining the products of different uses is substantiated. Analysis shows that the list of plants used to isolate alginate or alginate-containing products should be expanded.
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Thapa, Puja. "Application of micro algae in poultry nutrition; a review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32512.
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In this review, we unveil the the use of microalgae as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. Microalgae are small-sized algae, unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants which have been studied as a natural marine resource for a number of economically applications, including animal feed. They are introduced to poultry diets mainly as a rich source of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docohexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, but they can also serve as a protein, microelement, vitamin and antioxidants source, as well as a pigmentation agent for skin and egg yolks. The majority of experiments have shown that microalgae, mainly Spirulina and Chlorella sourced as a defatted biomass from biofuel production, can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. They can have beneficial effects on meat and egg quality, through an increased concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, and in regards to performance indices and immune function. Positive results were obtained when fresh microalgae biomass was used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. Because of their chemical composition, microalgae can be efficiently used in poultry nutrition to enhance the pigmentation and nutritional value of meat and eggs, as well as partial replacement of conventional dietary protein sources.
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Devi, Rita, Monika Basumatary, Bichitra Narzary, Heikham Dayam, Sanraja Muchahary, and Bronson Khangembam. "In Vitro Digestibility Study: Evaluating Plant Proteins Digestibility in Anabas testudineus and Channa punctata." Journal of Tropical Life Science 12, no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.03.03.
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Protein is the most important component of any fish feed for its role in growth, especially during the larval stages, and its high cost. Fish meal continues to be a major source of protein in fish feed production. But its supply cannot keep pace with everexpanding aquaculture production, leading to its high cost. Plants are being considered as potential replacements in the search for new alternatives to fish meals. But their application depends significantly on their digestibility in target species. The present study aims to determine the protein content of four locally available plants Moringa oleifera, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor and Salvinia natans, and test their digestibility in vitro by using the pH drop method in two important food fish Anabas testudineus and Channa punctata, of Assam, India. The crude protein in all plants ranged from 19-29%, and the highest crude protein was observed in Lemna minor (29.9 ± 2.34%). The in vitro digestibility was estimated by calculating the RPD% (relative protein digestibility) using casein as a standard reference. Digestibility of the plant proteins exhibited species-specific variations. The RPD% ranged from 50.39% to 75.39% in A. testudineus, and 41.38% to 54.02% in C. punctata compared to that of casein (100%). The highest RPD% was observed in I. aquatica (75.39%) for A. testudineus, and the lowest (50.39%) in L. minor whereas, in C. punctata, the highest RPD% was observed in L. minor (54.02%) and the lowest in I. aquatica (41.38%). The digestibility of all plant proteins was comparatively higher in A. testudineus than in C. punctata. Our results indicate that I. aquatica and L. minor may be a suitable replacement for animal protein in the diet of A. testudineus and C. punctata, respectively, because of their good protein content and high digestibility. Moringa may be considered for utilization in the fish feed as it recorded good protein and digestibility. This information may be useful in developing a cost-effective, plant-based protein diet for the two fish species for their mass production. Keywords: Anabas testudineus, Channa punctata, In vitro digestibility, Ipomoea aquatica, Plant proteins
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Ollayorovich, Sohibov Bakhriddin. "The Prospect of Using Non-Traditional Feeds in Fish Farming." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 931–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38996.
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Annotation: The article describes the peculiarities and prospects of the use of non-traditional foods in fisheries and provides recommendations for the development of this industry. Keywords: fisheries, non-food, water bodies, aquatic plants, active substances, biomass.
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Gupta, Aman Kumar, and Dipak Yadav. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER HYACINTH." Environmental Contaminants Reviews 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ecr.01.2020.37.39.
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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a floating aquatic weed and native of Amazon River. Water hyacinth is one of the fastest growing plants they primarily reproduce from runners or stolons. Each plant of E. crassipes can produce thousands of seeds each year and these seeds can remain viable for more than 28 years. Water hyacinth caused water loss through evapotranspiration which is more significant than indigenous weeds. Water hyacinth caused many problems in canals, ponds, lakes, rivers likes they are blocking of canals and causing floods, reduction of water quality, oxygen depletion, increased evapotranspiration rate, fish production problems, the beauty of ponds and effects on human health. Controlling methods of water hyacinth includes physical, chemical and biological but the biological method is effective and environment friendly. Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae, and water hyacinth borer (Sameodes albiguttalis) are found effective biological control on water hyacinth. These weevils are feed on water hyacinth and reducing the size of water hyacinth, its vegetative propagation, and seed production. Semi-aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum is also found effective control on water hyacinth.
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Kadarini, Tutik, Muhammad Yamin, Nurhidayat Nurhidayat, and Lili Sholichah. "PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS KOKI, Carrasius auratus PADA SISTEM AKUAPONIK DENGAN TANAMAN AIR YANG BERBEDA." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 16, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.16.3.2021.167-176.
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Akuaponik adalah budidaya ikan dan tanaman hidroponik yang dipelihara bersama dalam satu sistem yang terintegrasi. Limbah budidaya ikan yang berasal dari sisa pakan dan metabolisme akan menghasilkan NH3 yang dalam dosis tertentu dapat meracuni ikan. Penggunaan tanaman dalam sistem akuaponik akan mereduksi konsentrasi NH3 sehingga meningkatkan kualitas air yang pada akhirnya akan mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan mas koki, Carrasius auratus, pertumbuhan tanaman yang dipelihara pada sistem akuaponik dengan jenis tanaman air berbeda. Sebanyak 20 ekor ikan mas koki, berukuran panjang total 2,79 ± 0,25 cm dan bobot 0,24 ± 0,083 g ditebar per wadah. Wadah yang digunakan berupa 12 pasang yang setiap pasangnya terdiri atas akuarium untuk tanaman air dan galon plastik volume 17 L untuk ikan mas koki yang dirangkai menggunakan sistem resirkulasi tertutup. Penelitian didesain dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah tiga jenis tanaman air berbeda yaitu: (1) ikan mas koki + tanaman melati air (Echinodorus palifolius); (2) ikan mas koki + tanaman air anubias (Anubias barteri); (3) ikan mas koki + tanaman bacopa (Bacopa australis); dan (4) ikan mas koki tanpa ada tanaman air. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan ikan dan tanaman air, sintasan ikan, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang total dan bobot ikan mas koki (7,50 ± 0,05 cm dan 5,21 ± 0,10 g) yang dipelihara dalam sistem akuaponik dengan tanaman melati air lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibanding kontrol (7,19 ± 0,16 cm; dan 4,64 ± 0,23 g). Kadar amonia pada perlakuan tanaman melati air (0,411 mg/L) lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (0,630 mg/L), karena akar tanaman menyerap amonia di air, tanaman hias air dapat digunakan dalam sistem akuaponik ikan air tawar.Aquaponics is the cultivation of fish and hydroponic plants together in one integrated system. Fish farming wastes sourced from uneaten feed and faecal materials produce ammonia (NH3) of which in certain doses can poison the fish. The use of plants in aquaponic systems will keep the concentration of NH3, at a balanced level thereby increasing water quality which will optimize the fish growth. This study aimed to determine the growth of gold fish, Carrasius auratus reared in aquaponic systems using different types of aquatic plants. A total of 20 gold fish (total length of 2.79 ± 0.25 cm and weight of 0.24 ± 0.083 g) were reared per tanks. A pair of containers was used consisted of aquariums for aquatic plants and plastic gallons (volume 17 L) for gold fish arranged in a closed recirculation system. The total number of containers used were 12 pairs. The experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of: (1) gold fish + Echinodorus palifolius; (2) gold fish + Anubias barteri; (3) gold fish + Bacopa australis; and (4) gold fish without aquatic plants (control). The parameters observed were growth of gold fish and aquatic plants, survival rate of gold fish, and water quality. The results showed that the total length and weight of gold fish (7.50 ± 0.05 cm and 5.21 ± 0.10 g) reared in an aquaponic system with water jasmine plants were higher and significantly different (P<0.05) compared to control (7.19 ± 0.16 cm, and 4.64 ± 0.23 g). Ammonia level in treatment of E. palifolius (0.411 mg/L) was lower than control (0.630 mg/L) because plant roots absorb ammonia in water. Ornamental aquatic plants can be used in aquaponics systems for freshwater fish.
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Verger, Ph, and J. C. LeBlanc. "Concentration of phytohormones in food and feed and their impact on the human exposure." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 1873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375111873.
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Phytohormones, which naturally occur in plants, must be taken into consideration for their contribution to the total human exposure to potential endocrine active substances (EASs). Phytohormones are usually divided into two families: phytoestrogens that are mainly occur from soybeans and soy derivatives and phytosterols that occur from vegetables and vegetable oils. The present paper compiles different sources of information about the concentration of phytohormones in foodstuffs in order to assess the current human exposure to those substances via food. A particular attention is given to most exposed groups of consumers, on the one hand, infants and young children fed with soy-based infant formulas for their exposure to phytoestrogens and on the other hand, consumers of fortified foods for their exposure to phytosterols. Available literature shows that the total dietary intake of isoflavones could reach 20 to 25 mg/day/person for the Japanese adult population. For infants and young children, the quantity of phytoestrogen ingested is likely to be 35-50 mg/day/person corresponding on a body weight basis to an exposure 7 to 11 times higher. Regarding phytosterols, an assessment of the exposure via food was done, considering both their natural occurrence and their potential concentration in fortified foods. Results shows that the "natural" exposure is estimated at 340 ± 440 mg/day/person at the mean and at 1040 mg/day/person at the 95th percentile. Considering the potential exposure via fortified foods, it is estimated at 2700 ± 1200 mg/day/person at the mean and at 4700 mg/day/person at the 95th percentile. After their ingestion, isoflavones are absorbed from the intestinal tract before being excreted in the urine and feces. The increasing use of phytohormones in human foodstuffs could increase locally their release into the environment. Nevertheless, considering the weak estrogenic potential of phytohormones in relation to synthetic or endogenous steroids, any introduction of these substances into aquatic ecosystems would probably have comparatively minor effects on aquatic organisms.
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Belete, Kidanu, Emana Getu, and Andualem Mekonnen. "Investigation on Suitability and Safeness of Water hyacinth for Animal Feed, from Lake Ziway." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 45, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v45i3.4.
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Water hyacinth is a free-floating aquatic plant native to the Amazon Basin in South America and the most dangerous and worst aquatic plant in the world including Ethiopia. The objective of the current study was to evaluate water hyacinth found in Lake Ziway for its suitability and safe as animal feed. Suitability of the water hyacinth was determined based on its nutrient content, while safety was determined based on the level of selected heavy metals, and pesticides. Three sites were selected for sampling purposively based on the types of land use and potential sources of water pollution around the Lake. Water hyacinth samples were collected from the selected sites and the level of selected heavy metals, 21 organochlorine, and 14 organophosphate pesticides were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (gc-ms), respectively. The proximate analysis in the water hyacinth were also determined using the standard method of analysis. The results obtained demonstrate that the level of heavy metals found the ranged from nd to9.0 mg/Kg for cadmium; nd to 30.44 mg/Kg for chromium; 118.1 to 518.8 mg/Kg for manganese; 6.78 to 57 mg/Kg for copper; 34.28 to 884.19 mg/Kg for iron; 2.84 to 37.02 mg/Kg for nickel nd to 21mg/kg for lead and 25.67 to 89.9 mg/Kg for zinc. All pesticides levels were below the limits established by European council regulation for plants used as animal feed which is <0.001mg/Kg. The proximate analysis of the water hyacinthsamples of the leaves parts was moisture content 9.32%, crude protein 18.03%, crude fat 1.42%, crude ash 17.04%, crude fiber 31.04% carbohydrate 22.30%and energy 174 Kcal. The result of the stem revealed the presence of 3.96 moisture content, 2.17% crude protein, 0.47% crude fat, 5.23% crude ash, 6.70% crude fiber, 81.47% carbohydrate, and 338.79 Kca energy. Based on the results of this study, water hyacinth in the Lake Ziway can be potentially used for animal feed.
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Ariyadasa, Thilini U. "Microalgae: A promising bioresource for a sustainable future." Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (October 2021): 06–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.5.
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Microalgae are highly diverse unicellular photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments. Microalgae produce oxygen during their proliferation, contributing to nearly 50% of the total oxygen production in the world. Concurrently, microalgae consume carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thereby serving as carbon sinks to alleviate the effects of global warming. In comparison to terrestrial plants, microalgae exhibit rapid growth rates, higher photosynthetic efficiency, shorter harvesting time and higher biomass productivities. Moreover, they do not require arable land or potable water to facilitate their growth, hence becoming a more sustainable feedstock as compared to conventional crops. Altogether, microalgae have been identified as a bioresource with great industrial potential due to their ability to accumulate commercially valuable metabolites that can be extracted and subsequently processed into diverse bioproducts such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals, biofertilizer and animal feed.
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Sapakov *, A. Z., S. Z. Sapakova, and D. E. Osser. "LITERATURE REVIEW OF HYDROPONIC DEVICES FOR GROWING GREEN FODDER." Izdenister natigeler, no. 3 (91) (September 30, 2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37884/3-2021/10.
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Growing traditional green fodder requires a lot of land, but also grows with the absorption of large amounts of water and soil nutrients, depending on the metrological conditions in such cultivation. In this case certain costs of cultivation requires and the years when the sun was hot risk of burns. The influence of such factors one way to reduce the cultivation is by hydroponic method. During the study to plants nutrient transfer based on technology the following six types of hydroponic systems (HS) are considered: rising and falling water; HS in the nutrient solution; aeroponics; HS of aquatic crops; drip irrigation HS. At the same time, HS in the production of green fodder an overview of the design was made and their advantages and disadvantages are considered.HS is effective in the cultivation of green fodder nutrients as a technology the cultivation by transfer is. With this technology the cultivation of fodder grasses because it takes place in a closed system, feed solution into this system transfer automation is easy. Optimization of hydroponic feed technology for technological purposes trends control requires modernization of automation equipment (MAE).