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1

Eiler, Alexander, Domenico Savio, Laurent Fontaine, and Lorenzo Pin. "Developing prokaryotic water quality indicators." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 4 (March 4, 2021): e65409. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.4.e65409.

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Despite the importance of prokaryotes in aquatic ecosystem and their predictable diversity patterns across space and time, biomonitoring tools relying on prokaryotes are widely lacking. Using metabarcoding, as well as other molecular methods, we were able to identify multiple prokaryotic descriptors and illustrate their reliability and advantages in aquatic environmental assessment. Multivariate statistical and machine learning methods combined with variation coefficient and overall prevalence of taxonomic groups were used to detect possible biological indicators among prokaryotes for various
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2

Ochi Agostini, Vanessa, Letícia Terres Rodrigues, Alexandre José Macedo, and Erik Muxagata. "Comparison of techniques for counting prokaryotes in marine planktonic and biofilm samples." Scientia Marina 85, no. 3 (2021): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05117.019.

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Though a large number of techniques are available for the study of aquatic bacteria, the aim of this study was to establish a technique for analysing free-living and biofilm prokaryotic cells through laboratory assays. In particular, we wished to analyse the efficiency of ultrasound to detach and disrupt biofilm, to obtain an efficient stain treatment for quantifying free-living and biofilm prokaryotes in flow cytometry (FC), and to compare epifluorescence microscopy (EFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FC for quantifying free-living and biofilm prokaryotes#. Marine-grade plywood subs
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Wild, Christian, Christian Laforsch, and Markus Huettel. "Detection and enumeration of microbial cells within highly porous calcareous reef sands." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05205.

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In order to assess and to compare the abundances of prokaryotes in coral sands from three different areas in the Indo-Pacific, a technique was developed and evaluated for enumeration of prokaryotes living on and within calcareous grains. Propidium iodide labelling of prokaryotes and consecutive confocal laser scanning microscopy showed microbial colonisation within pores and small fissures of the coral sands. This embedded microbial colonisation required at least four extractions with weak acetic acid to dissolve the grain surface layer in order to detach 97% of the prokaryotic cells. Microbia
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Garuglieri, Elisa, Jenny Marie Booth, Marco Fusi, et al. "Morphological characteristics and abundance of prokaryotes associated with gills in mangrove brachyuran crabs living along a tidal gradient." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0266977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266977.

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Due to the chemico-physical differences between air and water, the transition from aquatic life to the land poses several challenges for animal evolution, necessitating morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations. Microbial symbiosis is known to have played an important role in eukaryote evolution, favouring host adaptation under changing environmental conditions. We selected mangrove brachyuran crabs as a model group to investigate the prokaryotes associated with the gill of crabs dwelling at different tidal levels (subtidal, intertidal and supratidal). In these animals, the gill
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Weinbauer, MG, C. Griebler, HM van Aken, and GJ Herndl. "Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 84 (June 4, 2020): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01934.

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Viral abundance was assessed in different water masses of the NW Atlantic, and the development of viral abundance, lytic viral infection and lysogeny was followed for the first ca. 5000 km (corresponding to ca. 50 yr in the oceanic conveyor belt) of the western branch of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Viral abundance was significantly higher in the 100 m layer than in the NADW (2400-2700 m depth) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (2400-3600 m depth). The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) increased with depth, ranging from 32-43 for different water masses of the bathypelagic ocean, thu
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Parada, Verónica, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Markus G. Weinbauer. "Viral burst size of heterotrophic prokaryotes in aquatic systems." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 3 (2006): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540601352x.

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Viral burst size (BS), i.e. the number of viruses released during cell lysis, is a critical parameter for assessing the ecological and biogeochemical role of viruses in aquatic systems. Burst size is typically estimated by enumerating the viral particles in bacteria using transmission electron microscopy. Here, we review the average BS reported for different aquatic systems, present several hypotheses on the control of the BS and evaluate whether there are relationships between BS and bacterial activity parameters across systems. Based on reports from a variety of different aquatic environment
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Ant�n, Josefa, Ram�n Rossell�-Mora, Francisco Rodr�guez-Valera, and Rudolf Amann. "Extremely Halophilic Bacteria in Crystallizer Ponds from Solar Salterns." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (2000): 3052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.3052-3057.2000.

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ABSTRACT It is generally assumed that hypersaline environments with sodium chloride concentrations close to saturation are dominated by halophilic members of the domain Archaea, while Bacteriaare not considered to be relevant in this kind of environment. Here, we report the high abundance and growth of a new group of hitherto-uncultured Bacteria in crystallizer ponds (salinity, from 30 to 37%) from multipond solar salterns. In the present study, these Bacteria constituted from 5 to 25% of the total prokaryotic community and were affiliated with theCytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. G
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Dando, P. R., and A. J. Southward. "Chemoautotrophy in Bivalve Molluscs of the Genus Thyasira." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 4 (1986): 915–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400048529.

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The bivalves Thyasiraflexuosa and T. sarsi have enlarged gills which contain numerous prokaryotes. Gills from freshly collected animals contain high concentrations of elemental sulphur. Homogenates of gill tissue show activity for ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, adenylylsulphate reductase, sulphate adenylyltransferase and sulphate adenylyltransferase (ADP), indicating that the prokaryotes are sulphur-oxidizing autotrophs. Both species can burrow to depths of 8 cm below the sediment surface and use their vermiform feet to construct channels penetrating deeper into the sediment. T.flexuosa and
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9

Zubkov, M. V. "Photoheterotrophy in marine prokaryotes." Journal of Plankton Research 31, no. 9 (2009): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbp043.

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Elloumi, Jannet, Wassim Guermazi, Habib Ayadi, Abderrahmen Bouain, and Lotfi Aleya. "Abundance and biomass of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms coupled with environmental factors in an arid multi-pond solar saltern (Sfax, Tunisia)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 2 (2008): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002269.

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The distribution of abundance and biomass of prokaryotes, flagellates, ciliates and phytoplankton, were studied in five ponds of increasing salinity in the Sfax solar saltern (Tunisia) coupled with environmental factors. The results showed that abundance of eukaryotic microorganisms decreased with increasing salinity of the ponds whereas prokaryotes (heterotrophic bacteria and Archaea) were abundant in the hyper-saline ponds. Phototrophic picoplankton was found in a large range of salinity values (70 and 200‰). Phototrophic non-flagellated nanoplankton which dominated in the first sampled pond
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Euler, Sebastian, Luke C. Jeffrey, Damien T. Maher, Derek Mackenzie, and Douglas R. Tait. "Shifts in methanogenic archaea communities and methane dynamics along a subtropical estuarine land use gradient." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242339.

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In coastal aquatic ecosystems, prokaryotic communities play an important role in regulating the cycling of nutrients and greenhouse gases. In the coastal zone, estuaries are complex and delicately balanced systems containing a multitude of specific ecological niches for resident microbes. Anthropogenic influences (i.e. urban, industrial and agricultural land uses) along the estuarine continuum can invoke physical and biochemical changes that impact these niches. In this study, we investigate the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea and other prokaryotic communities, distributed along a l
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McNair, HM, and S. Menden-Deuer. "Protist grazing contributes to microbial food web at the upper boundary of the twilight zone in the subarctic Pacific." Marine Ecology Progress Series 636 (February 20, 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13246.

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Grazing by herbivorous protists (microzooplankton) is a major loss pathway of primary production in the surface ocean, yet its impact below the well-lit surface ocean is largely unknown. The upper boundary of the twilight zone is critically important to understanding carbon cycling and is often the depth of highest attenuation of particulate carbon flux. Available measurements of primary production and grazing below the well-lit surface ocean suggest that the upper boundary of the twilight zone may harbor active but poorly constrained food web processes. Previous grazing rates from the base of
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13

Brum, JR, GF Steward, SC Jiang, and R. Jellison. "Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 41 (2005): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame041247.

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Jeong, Gaeul, Hyun-Jung Kim, Kang Eun Kim, et al. "Selective attachment of prokaryotes and emergence of potentially pathogenic prokaryotes on four plastic surfaces: Adhesion study in a natural marine environment." Marine Pollution Bulletin 193 (August 2023): 115149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115149.

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González-Pazmiño, José, Krizia Maribell Pretell, Karina Zapata-Vidaurre, Maribel Lucero Mesones, Juan Quimí-Mujica, and Benoit Diringer. "Microbial characterization of a natural biofilm associated with Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) larvae settlement on artificial collector by confocal imaging, microbiology, and metagenomic analysis." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 49, no. 1 (2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue1-fulltext-2547.

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Biofilms strongly influence bivalve settlement patterns on artificial substrates; however, their structure and taxonomic composition remains a black box. We characterized a natural biofilm composition that exhibits a large settlement of larvae of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Thirty-two different strains, representing six genera (10 strains of Bacillus, 9 of Vibrio, 6 Acinetobacter, 4 Staphylococcus, 2 Photobacterium, and 1 Exiguobacterium) were isolated. Those strains represented only 1.09% of the relative abundance compared w
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Falcioni, Tania, Stefano Papa, and Josep M. Gasol. "Evaluating the Flow-Cytometric Nucleic Acid Double-Staining Protocol in Realistic Situations of Planktonic Bacterial Death." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 6 (2008): 1767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01668-07.

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ABSTRACT Since heterotrophic prokaryotes play an important biogeochemical role in aquatic ecosystems and have a high capacity to survive in extreme environments, easy-to-perform protocols that probe their physiological states and the effects of environmental variables on those states are highly desired. Some methodologies combine a general nucleic acid stain with a membrane integrity probe. We calibrated one of these, the nucleic acid double-staining (NADS) protocol (G. Grégori, S. Citterio, A. Ghiani, M. Labra, S. Sgorbati, S. Brown, and M. Denis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:4662-4670, 2001
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Boon, PI, P. Virtue, and PD Nichols. "Microbial consortia in wetland sediments: a biomarker analysis of the effect of hydrological regime, vegetation and season on benthic microbes." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960027.

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Microbial consortia in the sediments from a permanent wetland near Albury-Wodonga in north-eastern Victoria, Australia (Ryans 1 Billabong), and an ephemeral wetland near Shepparton in central Victoria (Raftery's Swamp) were quantified by analyses of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), polar lipid ether lipid (PLEL), sterol and alcohol profiles. Prokaryotic organisms dominated the benthic assemblages in both wetlands. Total prokaryotic abundance (i.e. eubacteria plus archaea) was estimated to be (7-17) × 109 cells g-1 sediment (dry weight). Methanogenic archaea were estimated to number (1-5.4) × 10
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18

Pomar, Luis, Pamela Hallock, Guillem Mateu-Vicens, and Juan I. Baceta. "Why Do Bio-Carbonates Exist?" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111648.

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Calcium carbonate precipitation associated with biotic activity is first recorded in Archaean rocks. The oldest putative fossils related to hydrothermal vents have been dated at ~3.77 Ga (possibly 4.29 Ga). Stromatolites, the oldest dated at 3.70 Ga, have since occurred through Earth history, despite dramatic changes in physical and chemical conditions in aquatic environments. A key question is: what advantages do photosynthesizing aquatic prokaryotes and algae gain by precipitating carbonates? We propose the Phosphate Extraction Mechanism (PEM) to explain the benefits of biomineralization in
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19

He, C., S. Xu, Z. Kang, S. Song, and C. Li. "Prokaryotic community composition and structure during Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf, China." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 86 (May 6, 2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01962.

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Phaeocystis globosa blooms have become one of the major ecological issues in the Beibu Gulf, China, in recent years, resulting in a series of negative impacts on local fisheries and industry. While prokaryotes play key roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow during algal blooms, information regarding the response of the prokaryotic community during Phaeocystis blooms remains scarce. Thus, a comprehensive field study covering the onset and senescent phase of P. globosa blooms was conducted in the area from December 2016 to February 2017. The community composition was revealed with high-throug
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Lefèvre, Christopher T., Fernanda Abreu, Ulysses Lins, and Dennis A. Bazylinski. "Nonmagnetotactic Multicellular Prokaryotes from Low-Saline, Nonmarine Aquatic Environments and Their Unusual Negative Phototactic Behavior." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 10 (2010): 3220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00408-10.

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ABSTRACT Magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs) are unique magnetotactic bacteria of the Deltaproteobacteria class and the first found to biomineralize the magnetic mineral greigite (Fe3S4). Thus far they have been reported only from marine habitats. We questioned whether MMPs exist in low-saline, nonmarine environments. MMPs were observed in samples from shallow springs in the Great Boiling Springs geothermal field and Pyramid Lake, both located in northwestern Nevada. The temperature at all sites was ambient, and salinities ranged from 5 to 11 ppt. These MMPs were not magnetotactic a
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Suzuki, Marcelino T., Lance T. Taylor, and Edward F. DeLong. "Quantitative Analysis of Small-Subunit rRNA Genes in Mixed Microbial Populations via 5′-Nuclease Assays." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2000): 4605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4605-4614.2000.

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ABSTRACT Few techniques are currently available for quantifying specific prokaryotic taxa in environmental samples. Quantification of specific genotypes has relied mainly on oligonucleotide hybridization to extracted rRNA or intact rRNA in whole cells. However, low abundance and cellular rRNA content limit the application of these techniques in aquatic environments. In this study, we applied a newly developed quantitative PCR assay (5′-nuclease assay, also known as TaqMan) to quantify specific small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes (rDNAs) from uncultivated planktonic prokaryotes in Monterey Bay. Prim
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Villegas-Mendoza, Josué, Ramón Cajal-Medrano, and Helmut Maske. "The Chemical Transformation of the Cellular Toxin INT (2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-5-(Phenyl) Tetrazolium Chloride) as an Indicator of Prior Respiratory Activity in Aquatic Bacteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030782.

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In the ocean, the prokaryote respiration rates dominate the oxidation of organics, but the measurements may be biased due to pre-incubation size filtration and long incubation times. To overcome these difficulties, proxies for microbial respiration rates have been proposed, such as the in vitro and in vivo estimation of electron transport system rates (ETS) based on the reduction of tetrazolium salts. INT (2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-5-(Phenyl) Tetrazolium Chloride) is the most commonly applied tetrazolium salt, although it is toxic on time scales of less than 1 h for prokaryotes. This
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Dando, P. R., A. J. Southward, E. C. Southward, and R. L. Barrett. "Possible energy sources for chemoautotrophic prokaryotes symbiotic with invertebrates from a Norwegian fjord." Ophelia 26, no. 1 (1986): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1986.10421984.

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Bayer, Anne, Regina Drexel, Nina Weber, and Christian Griebler. "Quantification of aquatic sediment prokaryotes—A multiple-steps optimization testing sands from pristine and contaminated aquifers." Limnologica 56 (January 2016): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.11.003.

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Deng, Wenchao, Shanlin Wang, Xianhui Wan, et al. "Potential competition between marine heterotrophic prokaryotes and autotrophic picoplankton for nitrogen substrates." Limnology and Oceanography 66, no. 9 (2021): 3338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11883.

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Karuza, Ana, Serena Fonda Umani, and Paola Del Negro. "The (un)coupling between viruses and prokaryotes in the Gulf of Trieste." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 115 (December 2012): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.030.

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Lavergne, Céline, Hélène Agogué, Aude Leynaert, et al. "Factors influencing prokaryotes in an intertidal mudflat and the resulting depth gradients." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 189 (April 2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.008.

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Lemaire, Olivier N., Vincent Méjean, and Chantal Iobbi-Nivol. "The Shewanella genus: ubiquitous organisms sustaining and preserving aquatic ecosystems." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 44, no. 2 (2020): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuz031.

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ABSTRACT The Gram-negative Shewanella bacterial genus currently includes about 70 species of mostly aquatic γ­-proteobacteria, which were isolated around the globe in a multitude of environments such as surface freshwater and the deepest marine trenches. Their survival in such a wide range of ecological niches is due to their impressive physiological and respiratory versatility. Some strains are among the organisms with the highest number of respiratory systems, depending on a complex and rich metabolic network. Implicated in the recycling of organic and inorganic matter, they are important co
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Blifernez-Klassen, Olga, Julia Hassa, Diana L. Reinecke, Tobias Busche, Viktor Klassen, and Olaf Kruse. "Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Wastewater-Driven Microalgal Biofilms." Microorganisms 11, no. 12 (2023): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122994.

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Dwindling water sources increase the need for efficient wastewater treatment. Solar-driven algal turf scrubber (ATS) system may remediate wastewater by supporting the development and growth of periphytic microbiomes that function and interact in a highly dynamic manner through symbiotic interactions. Using ITS and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we profiled the microbial communities of four microbial biofilms from ATS systems operated with municipal wastewater (mWW), diluted cattle and pig manure (CattleM and PigM), and biogas plant effluent supernatant (BGE) in comparison to the initial in
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Bettarel, Yvan, Anne Desnues, and Emma Rochelle-Newall. "Lytic failure in cross-inoculation assays between phages and prokaryotes from three aquatic sites of contrasting salinity." FEMS Microbiology Letters 311, no. 2 (2010): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02074.x.

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Bae, Hee-Sung, Forrest E. Dierberg, and Andrew Ogram. "Syntrophs Dominate Sequences Associated with the Mercury Methylation-Related GenehgcAin the Water Conservation Areas of the Florida Everglades." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 20 (2014): 6517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01666-14.

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ABSTRACTThe mechanisms and rates of mercury methylation in the Florida Everglades are of great concern because of potential adverse impacts on human and wildlife health through mercury accumulation in aquatic food webs. We developed a new PCR primer set targetinghgcA, a gene encoding a corrinoid protein essential for Hg methylation across broad phylogenetic boundaries, and used this primer set to study the distribution ofhgcAsequences in soils collected from three sites along a gradient in sulfate and nutrient concentrations in the northern Everglades. The sequences obtained were distributed i
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Giere, Olav, Reinhard Windoffer, and Eve C. Southward. "The Bacterial Endosymbiosis of the Gutless Nematode,Astomonema Southwardorum: Ultrastructural Aspects." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 1 (1995): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400015265.

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The recently described gutlessAstomonema southwardorumAusten, Warwick & Ryan 1993, from North Sea methane seeps lives in symbiosis with oval, extracellular bacteria completely filling the lumen of a modified gut. The bacterial strand is tightly lined by a thin layer representing very long intestinal cells of the host. The bacteria are 5.5–6.0 µm in maximum length and 3.5–4.0 µm in width. In the anterior body the alimentary tract is completely reduced. The structure and size of the symbiotic prokaryotes, as well as their extracellular location in the lumen of a non-functional gut, differ su
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Maldonado, Manuel. "Intergenerational transmission of symbiotic bacteria in oviparous and viviparous demosponges, with emphasis on intracytoplasmically-compartmented bacterial types." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 6 (2007): 1701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407058080.

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Recent molecular detection of vast microbial communities exclusively associated with sponges has made evident the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these symbiotic microbes are handled and transferred from one sponge generation to another. This transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study investigated the occurrence of symbiotic bacteria in free-swimming larvae of two viviparous species (Haliclona caerulea and Corticium candelabrum) and spawned gametes of two oviparous species (Chondrilla nucula and Petrosia ficiformis). Complex microbial communities were found in thes
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Niemi, A., G. Meisterhans, and C. Michel. "Response of under-ice prokaryotes to experimental sea-ice DOM enrichment." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 73, no. 1 (2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01706.

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Sime-Ngando, T., and AS Pradeep Ram. "Grazer effects on prokaryotes and viruses in a freshwater microcosm experiment." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 41 (2005): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame041115.

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Culley, Alexander I., and Nicholas A. Welschmeyer. "The abundance, distribution, and correlation of viruses, phytoplankton, and prokaryotes along a Pacific Ocean transect." Limnology and Oceanography 47, no. 5 (2002): 1508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1508.

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Pohlon, Elisabeth, Nora K. Rütz, Klemens Ekschmitt, and Jürgen Marxsen. "Recovery dynamics of prokaryotes and extracellular enzymes during sediment rewetting after desiccation." Hydrobiologia 820, no. 1 (2018): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3662-4.

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Shimada, Atsuhiro, Noriko Yano, Satoru Kanai, Ralph A. Lewin, and Tadashi Maruyama. "Molecular phylogenetic relationship between two symbiotic photo-oxygenic prokaryotes, Prochloron sp. and Synechocystis trididemni." Phycologia 42, no. 2 (2003): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-42-2-193.1.

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Panda, Monalisa, Ushashee Mandal, Saurav Barman, and Praveen Boddana. "Morphological study of nitrogen fixers." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (2021): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/685-690.

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Biological diversity, the common term of biodiversity, in the simplest word means the variation and variety of life forms. The biodiversity being the amalgamation of dual word i.e. ‘Bios’ meaning “Life” and ‘Diversitas’ meaning “Variety” or “Difference”. Nitrogen fixation on one hand and Photosynthesis on the other hand is the foundation of all the living system in this planet. Nitrogen fixation can be defined as a chemical process involving the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into the nitrogenous compound, either biologically or physically. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) contributes ab
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Vázquez-Domínguez, Evaristo, Josep M. Gasol, Susana Agustí, Carlos M. Duarte, and Dolors Vaqué. "Growth and grazing losses of prokaryotes in the central Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Plankton Research 27, no. 10 (2005): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi074.

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Vázquez-Domínguez, E., J. M. Gasol, S. Agustí, C. M. Duarte, and D. Vaqué. "Growth and grazing losses of prokaryotes in the central Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Plankton Research 28, no. 9 (2006): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbl026.

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GÜnter, Jost, Mikhail V. Zubkov, Evgeniy Yakushev, Matthias Labrenz, and Klaus JÜrgens. "High abundance and dark CO2 fixation of chemolithoautotrophic prokaryotes in anoxic waters of the Baltic Sea." Limnology and Oceanography 53, no. 1 (2008): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0014.

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43

Jiang, Cuihong, Jiapeng Wu, Jiaqi Ye, and Yiguo Hong. "High throughput amplicon analysis reveals potential novel ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes in the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay." Marine Pollution Bulletin 200 (March 2024): 116046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116046.

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44

Cabrol, Léa, Mélanie Delleuze, Arthur Szylit, Guillaume Schwob, Marianne Quéméneur, and Benjamin Misson. "Assessing the diversity of plankton-associated prokaryotes along a size-fraction gradient: A methodological evaluation." Marine Pollution Bulletin 197 (December 2023): 115688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115688.

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45

Morana, Cedric, Hugo Sarmento, Jean-Pierre Descy, et al. "Production of dissolved organic matter by phytoplankton and its uptake by heterotrophic prokaryotes in large tropical lakes." Limnology and Oceanography 59, no. 4 (2014): 1364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1364.

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46

Oliveira, Vanessa, Ana L. Santos, Claúdia Aguiar, et al. "Prokaryotes in salt marsh sediments of Ria de Aveiro: Effects of halophyte vegetation on abundance and diversity." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 110 (September 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.013.

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47

Niemczyk, Emilia, Jerzy Pogrzeba, Agnieszka Adamczyk-Woźniak, and Jacek Lipok. "Boronic Acids of Pharmaceutical Importance Affect the Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus of Cyanobacteria in a Dose-Dependent Manner." Toxins 12, no. 12 (2020): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120793.

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Abstract:
The dynamic increase in the commercial application of antimicrobial derivatives of boronic acids, and potential impact of their presence in aquatic systems, supports the necessity to study the toxicity of these substances towards microorganisms of crucial meaning in the environment. One example of the mentioned derivatives is tavaborole (5-fluoro-substituted benzoxaborole), a pharmaceutical agent with antifungal activity. Cyanobacteria were used as model organisms, which are photoautotrophic prokaryotes, as representative aquatic bacteria and photoautotrophs associated with the plant kingdom.
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Carreira, C., M. Larsen, RN Glud, CPD Brussaard, and M. Middelboe. "Heterogeneous distribution of prokaryotes and viruses at the microscale in a tidal sediment." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 69, no. 3 (2013): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01639.

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Dann, LM, RJ Smith, SS Tobe, JS Paterson, RL Oliver, and JG Mitchell. "Microscale distributions of freshwater planktonic viruses and prokaryotes are patchy and taxonomically distinct." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 77, no. 2 (2016): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01788.

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Park, JS, H. Kim, DH Choi, and BC Cho. "Active flagellates grazing on prokaryotes in high salinity waters of a solar saltern." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 33 (2003): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame033173.

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