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Journal articles on the topic 'Aquatic snake'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Manjarrez, Javier, Martha Pacheco-Tinoco, and Crystian S. Venegas-Barrera. "Intraspecific variation in the diet of the Mexican garter snakeThamnophis eques." PeerJ 5 (November 14, 2017): e4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4036.

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The Mexican Garter Snake (Thamnophis eques)is a terrestrial-aquatic generalist that feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial prey. We describe size-related variation and sexual variation in the diet ofT. equesthrough analysis of 262 samples of identifiable stomach contents in snakes from 23 locations on the Mexican Plateau. The snakeT. equeswe studied consumed mostly fish, followed in lesser amounts by leeches, earthworms, frogs, and tadpoles. Correspondence analysis suggested that the frequency of consumption of various prey items differed between the categories of age but not between sex of sna

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Stefano, Bovero, and Trovò Paola Viviana. "Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy." IgMin Research 2, no. 5 (2024): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin179.

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Many snakes live close to water, with several groups displaying morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptions to aquatic environments. Although marine snakes have been found at depths beyond 200 m, freshwater snakes are rarely reported at depths larger than a few meters. Here we report freshwater depth records for the dice snake Natrix tessellata, an aquatic snake belonging to the family Natricidae. Dice snake was observed at depths down to 17 m, including in habitats below the thermocline, in Lake Orta (Northern Italy). These observations open new perspectives related to the biology a

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3

Scribner, Stephen J., and Patrick J. Weatherhead. "Locomotion and antipredator behaviour in three species of semi-aquatic snakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 2 (1995): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-036.

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For temperate-zone ectotherms, a potential cost of an aquatic lifestyle may be impaired locomotor performance, due to rapid cooling of the body when in cold water. Contrary to the hypothesis that more-aquatic species should be better adapted for locomotion at low temperatures, the decline in swimming performance with temperature was similar for three species of snakes (the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), eastern ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus) and common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)) that varied in their association with aquatic habitats. The effect of temperature on antipreda

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KARNS, DARYL R., JOHN C. MURPHY, and HAROLD K. VORIS. "Semi-aquatic Snake Communities of the Central Plain Region of Thailand." Tropical Natural History 10, no. 1 (2010): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.58837/tnh.10.1.102937.

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The Central Plain is one of the major natural regions of Thailand. It is a wide alluvial plain with little topographic relief consisting of multiple river basins. The many natural and anthropogenic wetland habitats in the region make it an ideal habitat for many aquatic and semi-aquatic species. We document the semi-aquatic snake communities associated with aquatic habitats in the Central Plain of Thailand. We surveyed a diversity of localities in the Central Plain and documented the occurrence of 10 species based on a sample of 786 snakes. The snake communities of the region are dominated by

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5

Gautreau, Elie, Xavier Bonnet, Juan Sandoval, et al. "A Biomimetic Method to Replicate the Natural Fluid Movements of Swimming Snakes to Design Aquatic Robots." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040223.

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Replicating animal movements with robots provides powerful research tools because key parameters can be manipulated at will. Facing the lack of standard methods and the high complexity of biological systems, an incremental bioinspired approach is required. We followed this method to design a snake robot capable of reproducing the natural swimming gait of snakes, i.e., the lateral undulations of the whole body. Our goal was to shift away from the classical broken line design of poly-articulated snake robots to mimic the far more complex fluid movements of snakes. First, we examined the musculos

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Vidal-García, Marta, Gustavo A. Llorente, Raúl León, et al. "Tail breakage frequency as an indicator of predation risk for the aquatic snake Natrix maura." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 3 (2011): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353711x587264.

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AbstractIt is difficult to measure predation risk for secretive animals such as snakes. The frequency of tail breakage has been suggested as a parameter for measuring predation risk in these reptiles. Consequently, we hypothesise that tail breakage frequency is expected to vary intraspecifically between populations submitted to different numbers of predators, probably, to different predation risk. The colubrid snake Natrix maura has adapted to living on fish farms, which are protected from aerial predators by wire mesh, so that these farms provide researchers with a predator-exclusion scenario

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Albino, Adriana, Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño, and James M. Neenan. "An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of Northern South America." PeerJ 4 (May 24, 2016): e2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2027.

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We report the first record of a snake from the Cretaceous of northern South America. The remains come from the La Luna Formation (La Aguada Member, Cenomanian of Venezuela) and consist of several vertebrae, which belong to the precloacal region of the vertebral column. Comparisons to extant and extinct snakes show that the remains represent a new taxon,Lunaophis aquaticusgen. et sp nov. An aquatic mode of life is supported by the ventral position of the ribs, indicating a laterally compressed body. The systematic relationships of this new taxon are difficult to determine due to the scarcity of

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8

Dgebuadze, Yu Yu, L. A. Neymark, I. W. Bashinskiy, N. N. Sushchik, A. E. Rudchenko, and M. I. Gladyshev. "THE ROLE OF THE GRASS SNAKE <i>NATRIX NATRIX</i> (REPTILIA, COLUBRIDAE) IN THE TRANSFER OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM AQUATIC TO TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO LAND." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни 513, no. 1 (2023): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686738923700440.

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As a result of analyses of fatty acid (FA) composition in the grass snake Natrix natrix and its food objects, tadpoles and metamorphs of two amphibian species: the moor frog Rana arvalis and the Pallas’ spadefoot Pelobates vespertinus, it was shown for the first time that the high total content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the biomass of the snake indicates its important role in the transfer of these essential substances from aquatic ecosystems to land. It was found that since food sources of DHA are absent in terrestrial ecosystems, its high level in R. arvalis

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9

Gasso, V. Y., A. N. Hahut, S. V. Yermolenko, et al. "Local industrial pollution induces astrocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement in the dice snake brain: GFAP as a biomarker." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 3 (2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012033.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the responsiveness of modulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content and its fragmentation in the snake brain as a biomarker of local industrial pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Despite GFAP being a well known cytoskeleton marker of astrocytes’ reactivity in the brain of vertebrates, its expression in the snake brain remains insufficiently described. The GFAP expression and its fragmentation were detected using the immunoblot method in the snake brain. ROS level was determined with dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. The content

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Di Nicola, Matteo Riccardo, Kevin P. Mulder, Elin Verbrugghe, et al. "Nationwide Screening Unveils Endemic Ophidiomyces ophidiicola Presence in Northern Italy, Mainly Affecting Dice Snakes: Evidence from Contemporary and Historical Snake Samples." Journal of Fungi 11, no. 2 (2025): 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020118.

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Ophidiomycosis, caused by the keratinophilic fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo), is an emerging threat to snake populations, yet its epidemiology in Europe remains underexplored. We investigated the distribution of Oo across free-ranging snake populations in Italy, integrating both recent field samples and historical museum specimens. Our survey involved 423 snakes representing 17 species from 17 regions, with Oo detected in 32 snakes from five different species. Additional molecular detection for Parananniziopsis spp. on a subset of 13 Oo-negative samples from snakes that exhibited clinical

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KARNS, DARYL R., JOHN C. MURPHY, HAROLD K. VORIS, and JERRY S. SUDDETH. "Comparison of Semi-aquatic Snake Communities Associated with the Khorat Basin, Thailand." Tropical Natural History 5, no. 2 (2005): 73–90. https://doi.org/10.58837/tnh.5.2.102883.

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The Khorat Basin is a prominent geographic feature of Indochina, potentially important in the ecology and evolution of semi-aquatic snake communities. We compared community structure and population characteristics of semi-aquatic snakes (taxonomic focus on homalopsine snakes) from localities located in the Khorat Basin, on the mountainous rim of the Khorat Basin, and at lower elevation sites located outside of the Khorat Basin. Species richness of semi-aquatic snakes assemblages was comparable in and outside of the Khorat Basin (8 species). There was a high degree of species overlap between as

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12

Palci, Alessandro, Mark N. Hutchinson, Michael W. Caldwell, and Michael S. Y. Lee. "The morphology of the inner ear of squamate reptiles and its bearing on the origin of snakes." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (2017): 170685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170685.

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The inner ear morphology of 80 snake and lizard species, representative of a range of ecologies, is here analysed and compared to that of the fossil stem snake Dinilysia patagonica , using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Inner ear morphology is linked to phylogeny (we find here a strong phylogenetic signal in the data that can complicate ecological correlations), but also correlated with ecology, with Dinilysia resembling certain semi-fossorial forms ( Xenopeltis and Cylindrophis ), consistent with previous reports. We here also find striking resemblances between Dinilysia and some

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13

Segall, Marion, Raphaël Cornette, Anne-Claire Fabre, Ramiro Godoy-Diana, and Anthony Herrel. "Does aquatic foraging impact head shape evolution in snakes?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1837 (2016): 20161645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1645.

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Evolutionary trajectories are often biased by developmental and historical factors. However, environmental factors can also impose constraints on the evolutionary trajectories of organisms leading to convergence of morphology in similar ecological contexts. The physical properties of water impose strong constraints on aquatic feeding animals by generating pressure waves that can alert prey and potentially push them away from the mouth. These hydrodynamic constraints have resulted in the independent evolution of suction feeding in most groups of secondarily aquatic tetrapods. Despite the fact t

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Rainwater, Kimberly L., Nathan P. Wiederhold, Deanna A. Sutton, et al. "Novel Paranannizziopsis species in a Wagler's viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri), tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum), and a rhinoceros snake (Rhynchophis boulengeri) in a zoological collection." Medical Mycology 57, no. 7 (2018): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy134.

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AbstractWe report several cases of fungal infections in snakes associated with a new species within the genus Paranannizziopsis. Three juvenile Wagler's vipers (Tropidolaemus wagleri) presented with skin abnormalities or ulcerative dermatitis, and two snakes died. Histologic examination of skin from the living viper revealed hyperplastic, hyperkeratotic, and crusting epidermitis with intralesional fungal elements. The terrestrial Wagler's vipers were housed in a room with fully aquatic tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum), among which there had been a history of intermittent skin lesions. A

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Yudhana, Aditya, Elma Salsabila Putri, Ragil Angga Prastiya, Maya Nurwartanti Yunita, Bodhi Agustono, and Prima Ayu Wibawati. "First report of Ophidascaris spp. (Class: Nematode) Infection in Wild-Caught Javanese Keelback Water Snake (Fowlea melanzostus) in Banyuwangi District." Journal of Parasite Science 8, no. 1 (2024): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v8i1.54578.

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The javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzostus) is a semi-aquatic reptile that often found in Indonesia and endemic to Java island. Water tiger snakes are usually kept as exotic pets. Wild caught javanese keelback water snakes have risks of spreading several disease agents that can be zoonotic, which is nematodiasis caused by Ophidascaris spp. This study aims to determine the prevalence level of Ophidascaris spp. infections in javanese keelback water snakes from Banyuwangi district. This study used a descriptive method with accidental sampling. The total sample in this study was 33 wild

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16

Brito, José, Xavier Santos, Juan Pleguezuelos, and Gustavo Llorente. "Comparing Filippi and Luiselli's (2000) method with a cartographic approach to assess the conservation status of secretive species: the case of the Iberian snake-fauna." Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 1 (2007): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807779799072.

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AbstractThe conservation status of the snake fauna of a given region or territory is often hard to estimate due the secretive habits of these animals, as well as of the lack of long-term demographic studies and generally low population densities. We examined the conservation status of the snakes from the Iberian Peninsula by applying two complementary methods. The first method, created by Filippi and Luiselli for a study of the Italian snakes conservation status, takes into account the ecological and non-ecological attributes which make species vulnerable to extinction. The second is a cartogr

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de Sostoa, A. "Food availability induces geographic variation in reproductive timing of an aquatic oviparous snake (Natrix maura)." Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 2 (2005): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568538054253410.

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AbstractThe viperine snake Natrix maura is a common water snake, which forages on aquatic prey such as fish and frogs in Western Mediterranean water bodies. Female viperine snakes collected from three populations at the Iberian Peninsula during the vitellogenesis period were compared. Mean clutch size and range, as well as the slope of the regression between body size and clutch size, did not show differences between populations. In contrast, mean size of enlarged follicles of females collected in May from the Ebro Delta proved significantly smaller than those of females from the Matarranya Ri

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18

Luiselli, Luca. "Interspecific relationships between two species of sympatric Afrotropical water snake in relation to a seasonally fluctuating food resource." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 1 (2005): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002877.

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In this paper, the ecological relationships and the resource partitioning patterns in a two-species system of sympatric aquatic snakes (Grayia smythii and Afronatrix anoscopus) from a riverine forest area in southern Nigeria, West Africa, were tested. The monthly availability of their food resources in the field, and the monthly variation in the feeding relationships between these snakes and their preys, were also studied. Food items of 1245 snakes, i.e. 554 Grayia smythii, and 691 Afronatrix anoscopus, were examined. The mean body length of Grayia smythii was significantly larger than that of

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Bianchi, Giovanni, Luca Lanzetti, Daniele Mariana, and Simone Cinquemani. "Bioinspired Design and Experimental Validation of an Aquatic Snake Robot." Biomimetics 9, no. 2 (2024): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9020087.

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This article presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a novel modular aquatic snake robot capable of surface locomotion. The modular structure allows each unit to function independently, facilitating ease of maintenance and adaptability to diverse aquatic environments. Employing the material point method with the moving least squares (MPM-MLS) simulation technique, the robot’s dynamic behavior was analyzed, yielding reliable results. The control algorithm, integral to the robot’s autonomous navigation, was implemented to enable forward propulsion at high speed, steering,

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López-Hurtado, Yaira, L. Yusnaviel García-Padrón, Adonis González, Luis M. Díaz, and Tomás M. Rodríguez-Cabrera. "Notes on the feeding habits of the Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae)." Reptiles & Amphibians 27, no. 2 (2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14105.

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The Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae) is one of two aquatic West Indian snakes. Despite being a relatively common species in Cuba and the Cayman Islands, its feeding habits have been poorly studied. Herein we report several new instances of predation by this species on fishes, frogs, and a freshwater crab. The latter represents the first record of durophagy in this species and the third snake reported as a crab eater in the West Indies.

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GRAHAM, JEFFREY B., WILLIAM R. LOWELL, IRA RUBINOFF, and JORGE MOTTA. "Surface and Subsurface Swimming of the Sea Snake Pelamis Platurus." Journal of Experimental Biology 127, no. 1 (1987): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.127.1.27.

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During anguilliform swimming at the surface, four half waves are present along the body of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus (Hydrophiidae). As in other anguilliform swimmers, wave amplitude increases towards the tail; however, the relative caudal amplitude of P. platurus is less than that of the aquatic snakes Natrix and Nerodia and the eel Anguilla. Kinematic analyses of near-surface swimming at 15 and 32cms−1 were made from high-speed ciné films, and Lighthill's bulk momentum hydromechanical model was used to calculate swimming thrust power at these two velocities. The total thr

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Walker, Karen J. "An Illustrated Guide to Trunk Vertebrae of Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) in Florida." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 44, no. 1 (2003): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.sdil5954.

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The cottonmouth, Or water moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus), and the diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) are distributed throughout Florida and their skeletal remains, usually vertebrae, are often present in zooarchaeological assemblages. Although the two viperid snakes exhibit different habitat preferences—one a semi-aquatic snake, the other terrestrial-their vertebrae are very similar. This illustrated guide helps to distinguish between the vertebrae of the two taxa. A strategy of limiting species identifications to the middle trunk series of mature adults and employing multiple ch

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Crowe-Riddell, Jenna M., Edward P. Snelling, Amy P. Watson, Anton Kyuseop Suh, Julian C. Partridge, and Kate L. Sanders. "The evolution of scale sensilla in the transition from land to sea in elapid snakes." Open Biology 6, no. 6 (2016): 160054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160054.

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Scale sensilla are small tactile mechanosensory organs located on the head scales of many squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes). In sea snakes and sea kraits (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), these scale organs are presumptive scale sensilla that purportedly function as both tactile mechanoreceptors and potentially as hydrodynamic receptors capable of sensing the displacement of water. We combined scanning electron microscopy, silicone casting of the skin and quadrate sampling with a phylogenetic analysis to assess morphological variation in sensilla on the postocular head scale(s) across four terres

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Jayne, Bruce C. "What Defines Different Modes of Snake Locomotion?" Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (2020): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa017.

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Synopsis Animals move in diverse ways, as indicated in part by the wide variety of gaits and modes that have been described for vertebrate locomotion. Much variation in the gaits of limbed animals is associated with changing speed, whereas different modes of snake locomotion are often associated with moving on different surfaces. For several decades different types of snake locomotion have been categorized as one of four major modes: rectilinear, lateral undulation, sidewinding, and concertina. Recent empirical work shows that the scheme of four modes of snake locomotion is overly conservative

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Yackel Adams, Amy A., Melia G. Nafus, Page E. Klug, et al. "Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control." NeoBiota 49 (July 22, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.35592.

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Invasive predators are responsible for almost 60% of all vertebrate extinctions worldwide with the most vulnerable faunas occurring on islands. The brown treesnake (Boigairregularis) is a notorious invasive predator that caused the extirpation or extinction of most native forest birds on Guam. The success of avian reintroduction efforts on Guam will depend on whether snake-control techniques sufficiently reduce contact rates between brown treesnakes and reintroduced birds. Mouse-lure traps can successfully reduce brown treesnake populations at local scales. Over a 22-week period both with and

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Dodd Jr., C. Kenneth. "Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (Seminatrix pygaea) during a drought." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 7 (1993): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-177.

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The snout – vent length, tail length, weight, sex, activity, and orientation of a population of swamp snakes (Seminatrix pygaea) in north – central Florida were recorded from 1985 through 1990. A small temporary pond was monitored for 1343 days, using a drift fence – pitfall trap sampling regime. I captured 123 different snakes, plus 45 recaptures. Juveniles comprised 89% of the snakes at the pond. Females were generally longer and weighed more than males, although regression analysis showed no differences between the sexes in the relationship of length versus wet body mass. Males had longer t

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Luiselli, L. "Broad geographic, taxonomic and ecological patterns of interpopulation variation in the dietary habits of snakes." Web Ecology 6, no. 1 (2006): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-6-2-2006.

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Abstract. Because of their unique morphological and ecological characteristics (i.e. being obligate carnivorous, solitary, and ingesting their prey whole), snakes are expected to show unusual dietary patterns compared to other ectothermic vertebrates, and the best way to explore this is to analyse the snake dietary patterns globally. Here I review and analyse the peer-reviewed snake diet literature available in order to explore whether there are broad patterns in the interpopulation variability of diet composition in these unique ectothermic predators. I collated data for 181 independent popul

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De Sostoa, Adolf, Xavier Santos, Frederic Casals, Dolors Vinyoles, Estefania Vilardebó, and Gustavo Llorente. "Wide food availability favours intraspecific trophic segregation in predators: the case of a water snake in a Mediterranean river." Animal Biology 56, no. 3 (2006): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075606778441868.

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AbstractIn complex aquatic ecosystems, intraspecific competition for food can evolve into dietary differences related to body size, gender, capture ability, and habitat use. The diet of the viperine snake, Natrix maura, an aquatic predator which forages on fish and amphibians, has been studied in parallel with food availability in a small locality of the Matarranya River (NE Spain). Fish abundance values in this Mediterranean river, which hosts one of the highest rates of fish diversity in Europe, were estimated through electrofishing. Natrix maura fed on four of the ten fish species available

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Welsh, Hartwell H., and Amy J. Lind. "Evidence of Lingual-Luring by an Aquatic Snake." Journal of Herpetology 34, no. 1 (2000): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565240.

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Durso, A. M., J. D. Willson, and C. T. Winne. "Habitat influences diet overlap in aquatic snake assemblages." Journal of Zoology 291, no. 3 (2013): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12061.

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Lillywhite, H., and J. Donald. "Pulmonary blood flow regulation in an aquatic snake." Science 245, no. 4915 (1989): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2749262.

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Janani, S., and S. R. Ganesh. "Urban college campuses as safer refuge for wildlife perceived as dangerous: A case study on snakes in Madras Christian College, Chennai, India." Journal of Fauna Biodiversity 1, no. 2 (2024): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.70206/jfb.v1i2.10635.

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We surveyed for snakes in a historic, old, educational institution having a large and well-vegetated campus. From a three-year survey (2016-18), spanning 288 field days, covering 1152 hours of fieldwork, a total of 132 snake sightings representing 23 species were obtained. This also includes medically important venomous snakes (Naja, Bungarus, Daboia, Echis), as well as snakes that are very rarely if ever encountered or reported from the Greater Chennai and its environs (Dryocalamus, Coelognathus, Platyceps, Eryx, Calliophis). A total of 12 kinds of microhabitats including terrestrial, semi-fo

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Lee, Michael S. Y. "The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1349 (1997): 53–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0005.

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Evidence that platynotan squamates (living varanoid lizards, snakes and their fossil relatives) are monophyletic is presented. Evolutionary relationships within this group are then ascertained through a cladistic analysis of 144 osteological characters. Mosasauroids (aigialosaurs and mosasaurs), a group of large marine lizards, are identified as the nearest relatives of snakes, thus resolving the long-standing problem of snake affinities. The mosasauroid–snake clade (Pythonomorpha) is corroborated by 40 derived characters, including recumbent replacement teeth, thecodonty, four or fewer premax

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Dos Santos-Costa, Maria Cristina, and Clarice Hofstadler-Deiques. "The ethmoidal region and cranial adaptations of the neotropical aquatic snake Helicops infrataeniatus Jan, 1865 (Serpentes, Colubridae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 23, no. 1 (2002): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853802320877645.

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AbstractThe ethmoidal region of the snake Helicops infrataeniatus is described on the basis of serial sections. Cavernous tissue and a subnasal muscle circling the nasal vestibule were identified. These structures are related to the aquatic habit of this species, serving as a device for narrowing walls of the fenestra narina, which prevents the entry of water when the snake submerges. Observations related to behavior in captivity are also presented.

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Milton, David A., Gary C. Fry, and Quinton Dell. "Reducing impacts of trawling on protected sea snakes: by-catch reduction devices improve escapement and survival." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 8 (2009): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08221.

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Sea snakes (Hydrophidae) are by-catch of prawn trawling throughout the tropical Indo-western Pacific. We tested the effectiveness of three by-catch reduction device (BRD) types set at different distances from the codend in Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Trained crew-member observers compared the numbers of sea snakes caught in paired Control and Treatment nets in 1365 trawls. Catches of sea snakes were reduced by 43% on those vessels where a Fisheye BRD was positioned less than 70 meshes from the codend. A separate study with a scientific observer undertook trials with a ‘popeye’ Fi

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SOUZA, HUGO FRANCISCO DE, UMESH PAVUKANDY, and S. R. GANESH. "On further specimens of Dussumier’s Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)." Zootaxa 5496, no. 2 (2024): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5496.2.7.

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We present new findings on Dussumier’s Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii based on recent fieldwork conducted in and around Vembanad Lake (Kumarakom) in Kerala, Southwest India. We describe a series of 10 voucher specimens, eight females and two males, ranging from juveniles (207 mm) to adults (835 mm). We report new data on microhabitat associations, fossorial haunts, sympatric aquatic snakes (Fowlea cf. piscator, Cerberus rynchops), and intraspecific morphological variations in this species. We also illustrate and describe an overlooked, historical, non-type specimen of this species collected

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Praja, Ratih Novita, Aditya Yudhana, Ezanti Nur Amelia, et al. "Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of Homalopsis buccata." Media Kedokteran Hewan 36, no. 2 (2025): 163–72. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkh.v36i2.2025.163-172.

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The kadut belang snake (Homalopsis buccata) is a semi-aquatic snake that can be aggressive when threatened. H. buccata is often used as a pet, a source of animal protein, and raw materials for leather crafts because of its relatively large size and unique pattern. The increasing trend of keeping reptiles as pets could increase the potential for transmission of bacteria to humans. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella sp. from H. buccata. This type of research uses the accidental sampling method as the

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Passos, Paulo, and Daniel S. Fernandes. "Variation and taxonomic status of the aquatic coral snake Micrurus surinamensis (Cuvier, 1817) (Serpentes: Elapidae)." Zootaxa 953 (December 31, 2005): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.171194.

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Passos, Paulo, Fernandes, Daniel S. (2005): Variation and taxonomic status of the aquatic coral snake Micrurus surinamensis (Cuvier, 1817) (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa 953: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171194

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Marston, Richard. "Changes in Geomorphic Processes in the Snake River Following Impoundment of Jackson Lake and Potential Changes Due to 1988 Fires in the Watershed." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (January 1, 1990): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2891.

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Rivers are dynamic features of the landscape whose characteristics vary over time and space with changes in environmental controls. The Snake River in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks has responded to the impoundment of Jackson Lake and subsequent changes in the operation of Jackson Dam. The 1988 fires in the Snake River watershed may also affect channel morphology. Whether a new system equilibrium might be attained and the extent to which the effects of past events might persist in the fluvial landscape, are two critical questions that need to be addressed for the Snake River. The s

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Lillywhite, Harvey B., Allan W. Smits, and Martin E. Feder. "Body Fluid Volumes in the Aquatic Snake, Acrochordus granulatus." Journal of Herpetology 22, no. 4 (1988): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564338.

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Lillywhite, Harvey B. "Unusual Shedding Behaviors in an Aquatic Snake, Acrochordus granulatus." Copeia 1989, no. 3 (1989): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445513.

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Luiselli, Luca, Thomas Madsen, Dario Capizzi, Lorenzo Rugiero, Nic Pacini, and Massimo Capula. "Long-term population dynamics in a Mediterranean aquatic snake." Ecological Research 26, no. 4 (2011): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0828-1.

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Van Der Kooij, Jeroen, and David Povel. "Scale Sensillae of the File Snake (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) and Some Other Aquatic and Burrowing Snakes." Netherlands Journal of Zoology 47, no. 4 (1996): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854297x00111.

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Pauwels, Olivier S. G., and Montri Sumontha. "Taxonomic identity of two enigmatic aquatic snake populations (Squamata: Homalopsidae: Cerberus and Homalopsis) from southern Thailand." Zootaxa 4107, no. 2 (2016): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.2.11.

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Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Sumontha, Montri (2016): Taxonomic identity of two enigmatic aquatic snake populations (Squamata: Homalopsidae: Cerberus and Homalopsis) from southern Thailand. Zootaxa 4107 (2): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.2.11

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Czeczuga, Bazyli, and Mirosława Orłowska. "Hyphomycetes in rain water, melting snow and ice." Acta Mycologica 34, no. 2 (2014): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1999.014.

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The investigations performed by direct microscopy method or bait technique (fragments of plants, cellophane, snake skin) using rain water flowing from trees, different types of roofs and melting snow and ice allowed determination of 146 species including 55 new to Poland. Aero-aquatic species were predominant and only several belonged to typically aquatic <i>Hyphomycetes</i>.

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Hossain, Md Lokman. "Food habits of checkered keelback, Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799), in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 44, no. 1 (2016): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v44i1.30185.

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Checkered Keelback, Xenochrophis piscator, was found to inhabit aquatic, semi-aquatic, terrestrial and fossorial habitats. The average body weight of Checkered Keelback was 233 ± 107.25 g. The average weight of the consumed food by each animal was 10.28 ± 6.78 g, which was 4.41% of their body weight. A total of 23 food items were found in the stomachs of 40 snakes. All the food items were animal food, but three categories of accidental food items were found in the stomachs. Based on food contents the snake fed mainly on arthropods (56.52%), fish (26.80%) and amphibians (17.39%). The consumptio

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Camargo, Isla Carol Marialva, Jackeline Cristina Palma Veras, Síria Ribeiro, Ricardo A. Kawashita-Ribeiro, Rafael de Fraga, and Alfredo P. Santos Junior. "Sexual dimorphism in the South American water snake Helicops polylepis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 20, no. 1 (2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v20i1p15-25.

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Sexual selection, fecundity selection and ecological divergence have been the main explanations proposed for the origin and maintenance of sexual dimorphism. In this study we provide evidence of sexual dimorphism in the South American aquatic snake Helicops polylepis, which is mainly determined by body and head sizes. Males have longer tails and more subcaudal scales, and females have larger body and head and more ventral scales. The sexual dimorphism observed in different morphological characters of H. polylepis occurs in other species of xenodontine snakes and is interpreted as a consequence

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Mills, Tony, and Carl Kauffeld. "Snakes the Keeper and the Kept and Snakes and Snake Hunting." Copeia 1996, no. 4 (1996): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447675.

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Rocha-Barbosa, O., and RB Moraes e Silva. "Analysis of the microstructure of Xenodontinae snake scales associated with different habitat occupation strategies." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 3 (2009): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000400021.

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The morphology of many organisms seems to be related to the environment they live in. Nonetheless, many snakes are so similar in their morphological patterns that it becomes quite difficult to distinguish any adaptive divergence that may exist. Many authors suggest that the microornamentations on the scales of reptiles have important functional value. Here, we examined variations on the micromorphology of the exposed oberhautchen surface of dorsal, lateral, and ventral scales from the mid-body region of Xenodontinae snakes: Sibynomorphus mikani (terricolous), Imantodes cenchoa (arboreal), Heli

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Hatkar, Prachi, Ishani Banerjee, and Ramesh Chinnasamy. "Ecological Insights and Conservation Perspectives on the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) in Indian Waters." International Journal of Research Studies on Environment, Earth, and Allied Sciences (IJRSEAS) 2, no. 2 (2025): 82–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15332024.

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AbstractMarine snakes represent the unique adapted marine reptiles and form a distinctive component of reef and coastal ecosystems. Historically, the study of this group has been difficult because of the obstacles to collecting, managing, and retaining these creatures for field and lab-based research. The Yellow-bellied Sea snake, also known as Hydrophis platurus, is the most abundant hydrophiid snake on the planet and the only pelagic species. Out of seven, only three colour morphs are found in India. This review assembles all available species information (n=103) through various search engin

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