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1
Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Saima Anwar, Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool, Muhammad Mohsin Amin, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid, Amjed Ali, and Durrishahwar . "Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i1.864.
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ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts In Some Bacteria Isolated From Burns Infections." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.2.773-780.
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The present study was carried to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acetone, Alcholic (cold and hot) and Aqueaus(water) extracts of Citrus aurantifoliaseeds,against growth of some bacteria isolated from burns infections(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumonia,Staphylococcusaureus)fromKindy HospitalIn Baghdad from March to June 2012.Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for all isolated bacteria used in this study.Results showed variation in antibacterial activity of different extracts against all tested bacteria by well diffusion technique in agar and measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, at concentration 250Mg-ml. Acetone extract had the greatest inhibitory effect followed by hot alcoholci extract, and then cold alcoholic extract,while the aqueous extract slightly inhibited bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)were determined for all extracts against studying bacteria and found(12.5-50)mg-ml for acetone and alcoholic extracts, MIC for aqueous extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa and Escherichia coli,while was no effect onKlebsiellapneumonia and Staphylococcusaureus. Minimum Bacterial Concentration(MBC)were determined and was found25-50mg-ml for acetone extract,hot water was25mg-ml, cold alcoholic extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa,Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumonia but showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus, aqueous extract showed negative effect on alltested bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of hot alcoholic extract of seeds was investigated practically (in vivo) by treating burns mices infected with tested bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumonia),the results revealed good recovery at short time comparing with antibiotic(Flamazine) used at the same time.
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Ibrahim, Suaad K., Ilham S. Banno, and Sawsan M. Abdella. "Effect of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts In Some Bacteria Isolated From Burns Infections." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2014.11.2.773-780.
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The present study was carried to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acetone, Alcholic (cold and hot) and Aqueaus(water) extracts of Citrus aurantifoliaseeds,against growth of some bacteria isolated from burns infections(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumonia,Staphylococcusaureus)fromKindy HospitalIn Baghdad from March to June 2012.Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for all isolated bacteria used in this study.Results showed variation in antibacterial activity of different extracts against all tested bacteria by well diffusion technique in agar and measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, at concentration 250Mg-ml. Acetone extract had the greatest inhibitory effect followed by hot alcoholci extract, and then cold alcoholic extract,while the aqueous extract slightly inhibited bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)were determined for all extracts against studying bacteria and found(12.5-50)mg-ml for acetone and alcoholic extracts, MIC for aqueous extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa and Escherichia coli,while was no effect onKlebsiellapneumonia and Staphylococcusaureus. Minimum Bacterial Concentration(MBC)were determined and was found25-50mg-ml for acetone extract,hot water was25mg-ml, cold alcoholic extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa,Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumonia but showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus, aqueous extract showed negative effect on alltested bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of hot alcoholic extract of seeds was investigated practically (in vivo) by treating burns mices infected with tested bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumonia),the results revealed good recovery at short time comparing with antibiotic(Flamazine) used at the same time.
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Al-Abdula, A. A. "Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. peels extracts against three common human wound pathogenic bacteria and formulation of topical ointment and hydrogel pharmaceutical forms." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 4, no. 3 (June 5, 2014): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v4i3.623.
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Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum L. peels were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aerogenosa as gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus as gram positive bacteria. The suitability of extracts for topical pharmaceutical preparations was attempted by formulation of extracts into simple ointment and hydrogel pharmaceutical dosage forms. The antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion method using four different concentrations for both extracts include (100, 10, 1, 0.1mg/ml). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with lowest inhibition zone of 12mm at 0.1mg/ml. The same result was obtained for ethanolic extract against E. coli, whereas, aqueous extract showed 9mm zone of inhibition. The lowest inhibition zone against Pseudomonas aerogenosa,was 10mm at 0.1mg/ml of ethanolic extract and 1mg/ml of aqueous extract which showed resistance at 0.1mg/ml. From this it is concluded that both extracts have inhibitor effect on the growth of both gram positive and negative bacteria and ethanolic extracts exhibited higher degree of antibacterial activity as compared to aqueous extract. In present study, simple ointment containing (10%w/v) of ethanolic extract and hydrogel containing (10%w/v) of aqueous extract were prepared successfully.
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Pinto, Pearl, Priya D. Alva, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu, Mohanraj Sadasivam, and Louis Cojandaraj. "Pancreatic Lipase inhibition assay of various extracts of leaves of Murraya Koenigii in southern areas of Goa." BIO Web of Conferences 86 (2024): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248601055.
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The objective of the study was to assess the lipase inhibitory activities of chloroformic, methanolic and aqueous extracts from the commonly available Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng leaves(Rutaceae) in southern villages of Goa, for potential use in the treatment of obesity. Extracs of the leaves of this plant were evaluated for lipase inhibitory activity using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL: triacylglycerol lipase) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate in an in vitro assay. Among the three extracts screened, chloroformic extract exhibited the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 53.42%, followed by methanolic extract (51.88%) and aqueous extract (36.42%), respectively. Chloroformic extract has not been screened for its pancreatic lipase inhibition assay. All the Crude extracts of leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng leaves (Rutaceae) have potential as pancreatic lipase inhibitory agents. . Chloroformic extract was found to be most effective and hence can be used as a potent anti-obesity agent to combat hyperlipidemia.
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Mohamad Shariff, Nurul Fatin Syazleen, Thangam Singgampalam, Chean Hui Ng, and Chin Siang Kue. "Antioxidant activity and zebrafish teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic Moringa oleifera L. leaf extracts." British Food Journal 122, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 3129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0113.
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PurposeMoringa oleifera (MO) is a herbal remedy that is rich in essential amino acids and phytochemicals in the leaves, seeds and pods. It is becoming a famous food in various ethnic groups, and the consumption is increasing worldwide. However, there is no safety profile of the hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts, or documented teratogenicity aspect. This study was sought to compare the antioxidant activity and the teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts in the zebrafish embryo.Design/methodology/approachMO leaves were extracted with aqueous alcohols (ethanol or methanol: water, 80:20 v/v) using the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. The concentrations of extracts ranging from 3 to 1,000 µg/mL were used to examine the toxicity and teratogenicity on the zebrafish embryo.FindingsBoth hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts were positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, quinones and glycosides, except saponins only absent in aqueous methanol extract. The antioxidant capacity based on lC50, was 15.92 ± 3.62 mg/mL for aqueous methanolic and 25.28 ± 2.89 mg/mL for aqueous ethanolic extract. For acute toxicity, the aqueous methanolic extract has lower LC50 (163.87 ± 12.88 µg/mL) compared to aqueous ethanolic extract (337.48 ± 30.04 µg/mL). The embryo treated with aqueous methanolic extract showed phenotypic defect but not on the aqueous ethanolic extract.Originality/valueThis study suggests that aqueous methanol of MO leaves extract has better antioxidant capacity compared to ethanol, and ethanolic leaf extract is safer (higher LC50 and no teratogenicity) than methanolic extract.
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese, Nastaran Kazempour, Hossein Hosseini, and Mona Mahboubi. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Epimedium pinnatum." Herba Polonica 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2013-0009.
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Summary Epimedium pinnatum (Berberidaceae family) is used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. pinnatum extracts (ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of each extract were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. It was exhibited that methanol extract had better antimicrobial activity than those of ethanolic extract or aqueous extract. The TPC and TFC of E. pinnatum extracts was higher in methanol extract (149 and 36.6 mg/g) than that of ethanolic extract (137.2 and 19.5 mg/g) and aqueous extract (86.2 and 8.4 mg/g). The methanol extract had lower IC50 value (200 µg/ml) than ethanolic (250 µg/ml) and aqueous extract (400 µg/ml). There was a positive correlation between TPC, TFC in E. pinnatum extract and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
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Khardesh, Amani Ahmed F., Hitham Qasem M. Hadi, and Khaled Saeed Ali. "Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis Plant Extracts." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2020.1.6.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and Methanolic extracts of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis. Using agar diffusion method, three different concentrations of Aloe extracts were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to compare the effectiveness of extracts with some antibiotics (Ampicillin: Amp, Erythromycin: Erytho, Gentamycin: Genta).The extracts showed that there was a different effect on the bacterial species according to the type and concentration of the plant extract as well as the inhibitory response to the bacterial species. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of A. lanata is more potent than A. vacillanis extract. In comparison to the type of extract, the alcoholic extract of A. lanata was more effective than the aqueous extract, while the aqueous extract of the A. vacillanis showed higher efficacy than the alcoholic extract. Both extracts had the most substantial effect on both E. coli and P. aeroginosa and were less effective on S. aureus. Antibacterial efficacy of studied plant extracts showed better efficacy than the antibiotic (Ampicillin, Erythromycin) on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese, Atefeh Mahboubi, and Nastaran Kazempour. "The antimicrobial activity of Prunella vulgaris extracts." Herba Polonica 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0008.
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Summary Prunella vulgaris ( Labiatae family) or self-heal is traditionally used for different ailments such as eye pain and inflammation, headache, dizziness, sore throat and wound healing. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) were determined by a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by micro broth dilution assay. The total phenolic content of P. vulgaris extracts were higher in aqueous extract (156.5 mg GAC/g) followed by ethanol extract and methanol extract. The TFC content of P. vulgaris methanol extract (82.8 mg QE/g) was higher than ethanol extract (22.7 mg QE/g) and aqueous extract (16.2 mg QE/g). The antimicrobial activity of methanol or ethanol extracts was higher than aqueous extract from P. vulgaris. The sensitivity of microorganisms to different extracts is related to type of pathogens. There is no positive relation between total phenolic content and its antimicrobial activity. Prunella vulgaris ethanolic extract as a source of phenolic and flavonoid contents can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
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Maffo Tazoho, Ghislain, Esther Etengeneng Agbor, and Inocent Gouado. "In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 08 (September 23, 2020): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.08.292-297.
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Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.
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Tazoho, Ghislain Maffo, Esther Etengeneng Agbor, and Inocent Gouado. "In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 8 (September 23, 2020): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.8.292-297.
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Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.
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Jesselyn Cua, Sharmaine, Marcelina Lirazan, and Michael Russelle Alvarez. "In vitro Antacid Screening of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Ixora Coccinea (Linn). and Mimosa Pudica (Linn.)." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 2246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340504.
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Ixora coccinea L. (santan) and Mimosa pudica L. (makahiya) ethanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for their in vitro antacid potentials using the preliminary antacid test, determination of acid neutralization capacity, acid neutralizing effect, duration of consistent neutralization, and buffering capacity. Phytochemical screening and quantification of alkaloids were also done and the alkaloid content was correlated to the in vitro antacid potentials of the extracts. Among the extracts, the M. pudica aqueous extract gave the best preliminary antacid test result (1.0066±0.0083 pH) and acid neutralization capacity (0.0711±0.0038 mmol H+). Its aqueous extract showed comparable acid neutralizing effect (3.507% acid neutralized) on gastric juice with that of its ethanol extract (3.509% acid neutralized). On the other hand, the I. coccinea aqueous extract had the highest acid buffering capacity (0.0701±0.0020 mmol H+/pH). Both aqueous extracts gave the longest duration of neutralization with 9±1.732 minutes. All the extracts were tested positive for flavonoids, indoles, tannins, anthraquinones, anthrones, and alkaloids, with the I. coccinea aqueous extract having the highest alkaloid content (18.0282±1.2607% w alkaloid/w extract). This study provides the first reported proof of the antacid activities of I. coccinea and M. pudica. Further tests, including mouse model assays, are suggested to determine the efficacy of the extracts in vivo.
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Mudhehe Al-Sultani, Asaad, and A. M. Dr Najeha – M. Bari. "Efficiency of cold aqueous and alcoholic extract of Nerium oleander L. flowers. In the control of the sunn insect Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) Eurygaster maura ( Geoffroy) on the wheat crop in Babylon Governorate." Sumer 2 8, CSS 2 (September 15, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.02.41.
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The study aimed to know the effect of cold aqueous and alcoholic extract of oleander flowers. Nerium oleander L. on adults and nymphs of Sunnite. The results of the study showed the superiority of the alcoholic extract compared to the aqueous extract, where the alcoholic extract gave the highest death rate of 83.3% at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during 5 days compared to the aqueous extract, which gave a death rate of 80.0% at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during the same period for adults. The results also showed the effect of both alcoholic and aqueous extract on the second nymphal stage, as it gave the highest mortality rate of 100.0 at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during 1 day. As for the effect of the extracts on the fourth nymphal phase, both alcoholic and aqueous extracts gave the highest mortality rate of 100.0% during the 7 days for both extracts. Keywords: sunn insect, wheat, oleander
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Udaya, Shreya, Nishith Babu, Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa, Krithika Kalladka, Gunimala Chakraborty, and Anirban Chakraborty. "Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Property of Cassia fistula Stem Bark Extracts in Zebrafish." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 10, no. 03 (August 20, 2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715995.
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Abstract Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity and the antioxidant property of Cassia fistula stem bark extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. fistula stem bark were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antioxidant property of C. fistula stem bark extracts was determined in arsenic-induced oxidative stress models of zebrafish. Results The aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark showed a slightly larger LC50 value (213.6 ppm) compared with the ethanol extract (LC50 = 63.5 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. A significant reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal was observed in arsenic-exposed embryos treated with the aqueous extract, but not the ethanol extract, indicating that the antioxidant activity is present only in the aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark. Conclusion Identification of antioxidants from natural sources is desirable because of increasing safety concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants. This study demonstrated that aqueous extract from C. fistula stem bark possesses antioxidant properties, which can be further characterized for mechanism of action and potential applications.
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Adebowale Emmanuel Aladejana, Graeme Bradley, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Various Extracts of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt used for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.06.3.
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The phytochemical contents of the acetone, ethanol, and boiled and cold aqueous whole-plant extracts of Helichrysum petiolare were determined using standard phytochemical reaction methods. ABTS, DPPH, NO and TAC assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant properties. This study reported the highest total phenolic content (212,963 mg/g) in the boiled aqueous extract, while the ethanol had the highest flavonoid (172.393 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin contents (65.855 mg/g). Alkaloids, flavonols, and saponin were highest in the acetone extract, while the cold aqueous extract had the lowest phytochemical content. Among the extracts, the boiled aqueous extract had the highest DPPH•+ (IC50 0.02 mg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 0.07) inhibition capacities, while the ethanol extract exhibited the highest NO• Inhibition (IC50 0.41 mg/mL) and TAC (IC50 0.19 mg/mL). These findings justify the use of H. petiolare in traditional medicine and further recommend the ethanol and boiled aqueous extracts of the plant as more effective extracts for medicinal treatment.
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Al-Shebli, Wael Chassab Hmood, and Iman Hameed Al-Anbari. "Studying the Antioxidant Activity of Moringa Leaf Extracts (Moringa oleifera Lam.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 6 (December 1, 2023): 062009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/6/062009.
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Abstract The purpose of this research was to estimate the antioxidants present in the locally grown Moringa leaves powder (Moringa oleifera Lam. ), and the antioxidant activities were measured using three different assays (DPPH free radical scavenging, reductive strength, and ferrous ion binding). The percentage of DPPH increased with the concentration of the additional extracts, reaching a maximum of 63.14 percent at a concentration of 2 percent, and then 73.49 percent for the alcoholic extract, 68.87 percent for the aqueous extract, and 68.5 percent for the industrial antioxidant BHT. The lowest efficacy for inhibiting free radicals was 20.15%, 32.64% and 36.43% for each of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts and the synthetic antioxidant BHT respectively. The alcoholic extract outperformed the aqueous extract and BHT in the reductive strength test and reached 90.12%, while the aqueous extract and BHT reached 57.71% and 84.46%, respectively. As for the percentage of the ability to bind the ferrous ion of the extracts compared with BHT the alcoholic extract was superior to both the aqueous extract and BHT and reached 88.2% at a concentration of 10 mg / ml, while it reached 80.5 and 76.9% for each of the aqueous extract and BHT respectively, at the same concentration. The study showed the importance of using Moringa leaf extracts as an alternative antioxidant to industrial antioxidants with high efficiency to improve the quality of the food product.
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Hanon, Noor Ameer, and Fouad Najm Abd. "The Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus Infectoria Extracts Against Bacteria Isolated from Wounds Infection." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 32, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i1.919.
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Bacteria that cause wound infections were isolated and diagnosed from patients, who were hospitalized at the Martyr Al-Sadr Hospital from October 2019 to April 2020. Antibacterial effect of Quercus infectoria extract (aqueous and alcoholic) on the isolated bacteria has been studied. The results showed that the alcoholic extract has a higher antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus except Micrococcus roseus, which the effect of aqueous extract was higher than alcoholic extract, whereas aqueous and alcoholic extracts showed the same effect against Streptococcus sp.. The alcoholic extract has higher antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Shigella dysnteriae, Enterobacter sakazkii, citrobcter freundii and Alcaligenes faecalis) except proteus sp., which the aqueous extract was higher than alcoholic extract.
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Kousalya P and Doss VA. "Assessment of phytochemicals and quantification of primary and secondary metabolites of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari leaves." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4425.
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The main goal of the research was to explore the existence of phytochemicals, quantification of primary and secondary metabolites of leaves extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari. The phytochemical activity of leaves of Artabotrys hexapetalus was assessed using different solvent extracts like water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether. Among the different solvent extracts, aqueous leaves extract revealed the high content of phytochemicals. So the aqueous leaves extract was used for further investigations. Aqueous leaves extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus was subjected to quantitative analysis of primary metabolites like carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins and phenols were performed using aqueous leaves extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals reported the existence of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, tannins and diterpenes. Quantitative analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates (43.16±1.0 mg/g extract), proteins (60.4±0.88 mg/g extract), amino acids (19.33 ± 1.30 mg/g extract), flavonoids (28.3 ±0.91 mg/g extract), tannins (24.53±1.02 mg/g extract) and phenols (7.63±0.85 mg/g extract). The present study concluded that aqueous leaves extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus as a potential source of phytochemicals, primary and secondary metabolites.
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Wafa, Nouioua, and Gaamoune Sofiane. "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 43.2 (February 29, 2020): 7407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v43-2.1.
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1 ABSTRACT In this study, The Montaigne of Boutaleb contains a plant heritage characterized by the presence of several species that possess medicinal properties. The methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus were prepared, the yield of the methanolic extract was 2 .99 g the percentages 37.2% and the yield of the aqueous extract is 0.98 g with percentages 19.6%. The total dosage of polyphenols and flavonoids in the methanol extract was 38.27 ± 6.30 mg EAG/g extract and 9.80 ± 0,160, mg EAG/g extract, respectively. The total dosage of polyphenols and flavonoids in the aqueous extract was 26.76± 2.47 mg EAG/g extract and 4, 15±0.09 mg EAG/g extract, respectively. The effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of mastic leaves were evaluated using the DPPH test. Both extracts have shown a weak trapping effect towards the free radicals with an IC50 68.27 ± 9.96 μg/ml and with an IC50 72.92 ± 9.43 μg/ml respectively, then weak activity antioxidant .The antibacterial activity of the methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus is significant. The aqueous and methanolic extract of mastic leaves possess a very strong anti-inflammatory activity to protect the membrane of human blood red blood cells.
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C, Nwokonkwo Dorothy. "UTILIZATION OF AQUEOUS, METHANOL AND CHLOROFORM EXTRACTS OF LOCAL PLANTS- IXORA COCCINEA AND HIBISCUS SABDARRIFFA (ZOBO) FROM ABAKALIKI AS FABRIC DYES." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 5 (April 18, 2015): 3576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i5.4476.
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This investigation dealt with the dyeing and fastness properties of crude constituents of Ixora coccinea and Hibiscus sabdarriffa plant species extracted using distilled water, methanol and chloroform. Approximately 150 g of each sample was soaked in the chosen solvent for four weeks, the percentage yields of the aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Ixora coccinea were 38.47% and 13.40 % and 3.88 % respectively; Hibiscus sabdariffa gave yields of 22.85 % for the aqueous extract, 12.24 % for the methanol extract and 3.79 % for the chloroform extract. Aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Ixora coccinea were all pink in colour; Hibiscus sabdariffa gave red aqueous extract, red methanol extract and orange chloroform extract. The extracts were used without further purification in dyeing unmordanted and mordanted cotton and polyester fabrics. Different colour shades were obtained after dyeing. The mordanted fabrics using CuSO4, FeSO4 and K2CrO7 were fast to acid, alkali and washing.Key words dyeing, extract, fastness, mordant, solvent
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Wenner, Cynthia A., Olivia R. Froehlich, and Anna Sitkoff. "Fomitopsis cajanderi extracts have differential tumoricidal actions on human MCF7 and U-937 cancer cells and inhibit TNF secretion by U-937 monocytes." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 29.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.29.10.
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Abstract This study aimed to determine if hot ethanol and aqueous extracts from the Fomitopsis cajanderi mushroom species are cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines and modulate TNF secretion by human monocytes. The hot ethanol extract was made via a 2 hour Soxhlet extraction of F. cajanderi fruiting body in ethanol using a cold finger condenser. The hot aqueous extract was made via a 2 hour decoction in water at 100°C. Human MCF7 mammary adenocarcinoma and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of extract or solvent controls and were assessed for cytotoxicity by XTT colorimetric assay. Effects of the aqueous extract on TNF secretion by PMA-differentiated, LPS-stimulated U-937 cells were determined by TNF ELISA. Glycosyl content and linkage analysis of the aqueous extract were assessed by the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (Athens, Georgia, USA). The hot ethanol extract induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of MCF7 and U-937 cells, with stronger U-937 tumoricidal effects. The hot aqueous extract was not cytotoxic to MCF7 cells, but had cytotoxic effects on undifferentiated U-937 cells at high concentrations. The aqueous extract, found to contain beta glucans, inhibited TNF secretion by LPS-stimulated U-937 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Hot ethanol and aqueous F. cajanderi extracts showed differential tumoricidal actions on human cancer cells. The ethanol extract was cytotoxic to the human cancer cells tested. The aqueous extract contained beta glucans reported to be immunomodulatory, and inhibited U-937 TNF secretion. These results warrant further research of F. cajanderi extracts as novel adjunctive anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Kumar, T., A. Sahu, and V. Jain. "IN VITRO SCREENING OF LANNEA COROMANDELICA FOR ANTIFILARIAL ACTIVITY ON CATTLE FILARIAL PARASITE SETARIA CERVI." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 08 (August 28, 2014): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.08.10112.
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The current study was aimed to investigate the antifilarial activity of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Lannea coromandelica. Both extracts were screened for their total flavonoid content chromatographically. The total amount of flavonoid present in ethyl acetate is much greater than in aqueous extract. Aqueous extract produced initial stimulation effect in whole worm followed by reversible paralysis, whereas on the nerve muscle preparation, the effect was depressant. In the same manner ethyl acetate extract produces irreversible paralysis. The concentrations required to inhibit the movement of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation for aqueous extract of leaves of L. coromandelica were 300 and 60 µg/mL, respectively, whereas ethyl acetate extract caused inhibition of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation at 160 and 15 µg/mL, respectively. LC50 and LC90 were 21 and 30 ng/mL, respectively for aqueous, which were 16 and 24 ng/mL for ethyl acetate extracts.
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Asghar Ali, Zameer Ali Pulh, Abdul Sajid, Santosh Kumar, Syed Habib Ahmed Naqvi, and Uroosa Sahar. "ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT (EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN)." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 01 (May 22, 2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2023.20.01.761.
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Euphorbia hirta linn (E. hirta) is a medicinal plant, also known as asthma weeds which are mainly used against human pathogenic diseases such as digestive tract problem, asthma, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, inflammation, chronic bronchitis, and other pulmonary disorders. The native of these plants is in Asia, Australia, and East and West Africa. In the present study antibacterial activities, antioxidant activities, and phytochemicals were estimated from 20% isopropanol and aqueous extract of different parts (leaf, fruit, stem, root) of E. hirta. The maximum antioxidant activity, Phenolic contents, and flavonoids showed 0.418 mg/ml in aqueous fruit extract, 0.176 and 0.43 mg/ml in aqueous leaf extract respectively. Some other bioactive compounds were also observed from both 20% extracts of different segments of E. hirta qualitatively. Furthermore, some biomolecules were estimated in higher amounts from E. hirta plant extracts as total sugar 0.168 mg/ml from the aqueous extract of the fruit, total protein 0.453mg/ml from isopropanol extract of the fruit, and the reducing sugar contents 0.08 mg/ml from aqueous root extract. Different parts of the understudy plant (E. hirta) extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia. Whereas only aqueous and isopropanol extract of root and stem and aqueous extract of fruit showed negative antibacterial activity against S. pneumonia. The result suggested that E. hirta may be used for the treatment of different infectious diseases due to the presence of different phytochemicals.
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Hussein, Nehia, and Zainab Nabeel. "Antimicrobial Effects of Mentha Pulegium Extract against Staphyloccocus Aureus Bacteria." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 2 (November 17, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i2.155.
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The effects of aqueous and alcoholic of extracts Mentha pulegium leaves were studied on the growth of strain Staphylococcus aureus that isolated from burns. The Phytochemical analysis of The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Mentha pulegium leaves show the presence of bioactive constituents like comarins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and essential oil. the ethanolic extract show an inhibition zone larger than aqueous extract.Results show that the ethanolic extract inhibits bacterial growth with inhibition zone(30.33mm) but the aqueous extract give an inhibition zone(8mm). In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected and the result varies according to the type of extract.
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Adetuyi, FO, KO Karigidi, ES Akintimehin, and ON Adeyemo. "Antioxidant properties of Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae leaves." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i4.39190.
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In vitro antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves were studied in controlling erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Methanol extract gave a significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher content of total phenolic (61.4 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid (42.2 mgQE/g), ascorbic (10.1 mgAAE/100g) and phosphomolybdate (45.8 mgAAE/g) than the aqueous extract. The result showed that the extracts have high antioxidant activities. However, the methanol extract showed a higher DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities over aqueous extract but the aqueous extract had a higher reducing power. The methanol extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in rat pancreas and penile tissue homogenate exemplified by their least IC50 (94.21 μg/ml in pancreas) and (75.95 μg/mL in penile tissue) while in rat brain homogenate the aqueous extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ with least IC50 of 91.74 μg/mL. Hence, these extracts can be used as a potent natural antioxidant against free radicals and as a natural source of combating erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. The extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves could be useful therapeutically as erectogenic agent.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 265-276, 2018
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of Some Agrimonia eupatoria Extracts." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 1 (March 3, 2013): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.1.152-160.
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The antibacterial activity of some extracts of A. eupatoria (aqueous and ethanolic) against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) and their activity on wound healing in rats , also the presence of some active compounds in both extracts were detected . The results showed that the ethanolic extract was more effective on inhibiting tested bacteria than the aqueous extract . P.aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria, while highest inhibition zone appeared on E.coli (20 mm) .There was a moderate activity against S.aureus with inhibition zone 15 mm. by using ethanolic extract (10 mg/ml) . The phytochemical analysis for detection of active compounds revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Glycosides and Tannins in both extracts, while some of compounds such as Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds (flavonoids) were detected in the ethanolic but not in the aqueous extracts. Prepared ethanolic extract ointment presented obvious activity on wound healing activity in rats in contrast with fucidin ointment and aqueous extract ointment, hence the wound healing was completed in l0 days by using the ethanolic extract ointment, while it was 12 days and 14 days for the aqueous extract ointment and fucidin ointment respectively, in comparison with the untreated wound which needed more than 16 days for healing completion.
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Ghaima, Kais Kassim. "Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of Some Agrimonia eupatoria Extracts." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 1 (March 3, 2013): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2013.10.1.152-160.
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The antibacterial activity of some extracts of A. eupatoria (aqueous and ethanolic) against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) and their activity on wound healing in rats , also the presence of some active compounds in both extracts were detected . The results showed that the ethanolic extract was more effective on inhibiting tested bacteria than the aqueous extract . P.aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria, while highest inhibition zone appeared on E.coli (20 mm) .There was a moderate activity against S.aureus with inhibition zone 15 mm. by using ethanolic extract (10 mg/ml) . The phytochemical analysis for detection of active compounds revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Glycosides and Tannins in both extracts, while some of compounds such as Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds (flavonoids) were detected in the ethanolic but not in the aqueous extracts. Prepared ethanolic extract ointment presented obvious activity on wound healing activity in rats in contrast with fucidin ointment and aqueous extract ointment, hence the wound healing was completed in l0 days by using the ethanolic extract ointment, while it was 12 days and 14 days for the aqueous extract ointment and fucidin ointment respectively, in comparison with the untreated wound which needed more than 16 days for healing completion.
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Ziagova, Maria G., Charoula Mavromatidou, Georgios Samiotis, and Elisavet Amanatidou. "Enhancing Phenolic Content of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Extracts-Biofunctional Foods Preparation." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010076.
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In this study, the assessment of TPC and antioxidant activity enhancement of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) aqueous extracts using natural sweeteners or encapsulation materials was carried out. MAP extracts fortified with polyphenols were used to produce biofunctional chocolate bites. Honey or erythritol added to Melissa officinalis concentrated aqueous extracts exhibited TPC at 19.53 mg GAE/mL and 18.24 mg GAE/mL, respectively, and DPPH radical scavenging activity greater than 82%, comparing to its non-concentrated aqueous extract (3.74 mg GAE/mL and 72.9%, respectively). Honey added to MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures presented up to twofold higher TPC compared to M. officinalis concentrated aqueous extracts with honey. Chocolate bites with MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures and honey exhibited TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity at 29.48 mg GAE/g chocolate and 93.7%, respectively. The addition of gum arabic or inulin in MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures increased the TPC up to 12-fold (40.37 mg GAE/mL and 34.14 mg GAE/mL, respectively) compared to its non-concentrated aqueous extracts (3.38 mg GAE/mL), whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity approached 99.5%. Honey incorporation as a sweetener and polyphenolic compound encapsulation in gum arabic can lead to the production of biofunctional foods with elevated cytoprotective action without compromising their organoleptic attributes.
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Al-Fakeh, Maged S., Samir Osman, Malek Gassoumi, Mokded Rabhi, and Mohamed Omer. "Biosynthesis and characterization of Saudi propolis-mediated silver nanoparticles and their biological properties." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0091.
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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to synthesize propolis-mediated silver nanoparticles (Pro-AgNPs) and to test their biological activities in comparison with the raw materials (Saudi propolis). The chemical–physical characterization of the product showed that Pro-AgNPs were well synthesized. For the study of biological properties, aqueous and methanolic extracts were prepared from both propolis and Pro-AgNPs. Total polyphenol contents (TPCs) and antiradical activities showed their highest values in methanolic extracts, in particular in propolis extract. But, a higher TPC was found in Pro-AgNP aqueous extract as compared to propolis aqueous extract. It seems that Pro-AgNP synthesis helped extract more phenolic compounds with water. These compounds did not enhance antiradical activity in Pro-AgNP aqueous extract but increased its antibacterial activity.
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Wu, Shizhou, Yunjie Liu, Hui Zhang, and Lei Lei. "The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (July 16, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3276156.
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Aim. Antibiotic abuse contributes to the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is increasingly important to screen new antimicrobial agents for the management of MRSA infections. G. chinensis, a nontoxic Chinese herbal medicine, is considered a potential antibacterial agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effects of the aqueous extracts of G. chinensis on MRSA. The potential mechanisms of G. chinensis aqueous extract inhibition of the pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo are also discussed. Methods. G. chinensis aqueous extract was prepared and its antimicrobial activities were examined by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm biomass was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to evaluate differentially expressed functional pathways in MRSA treated with G. chinensis aqueous extract. We validated the role of G. chinensis aqueous extract in the invasive ability and pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo using a rat infectious model. Results. The results indicated that MRSA was sensitive to the G. chinensis aqueous extracts at concentration of 31.25μg/mL. G. chinensis extract led to a reduction in dextran-dependent aggregation and biofilm formation in MRSA. Based on the transcriptome analysis, G. chinensis aqueous extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression related to biofilm formation and carbohydrate metabolism. G. chinensis aqueous extract inhibited the invasive ability and the pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo. Conclusion. The antimicrobial properties of G. chinensis aqueous extract are likely related to its modulation of MRSA biofilm formation and carbohydrate metabolism. G. chinensis aqueous extract is a promising supplementary therapy to lessen or eliminate the use of antibiotics and is a potential tool for the management of MRSA infections.
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Karouche, S., S. Karouche, A. Benbott, A. Benbott, S. Henouda, S. Malki, and I. Boudchicha. "Evaluation of phenolic content and biological activities of Bunium mauritanicum tuberss." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 24, 2023): 916–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v12i2.27.
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The present work is carried out to evaluate biological activities of tubers extracts of Bunium mauritanicum. The methanol extract yield had higher (7.81%) tha n that of the aqueous extract (6.79%). The quantitative analysis of total phenols and flavonoid revealed that the highest concentration was recorded for the methanoic fraction with 89,442 ± 5,951μg EAG mg and 4.031 ± 0.141 μg EQ mg of extract respectively. In addition, the aqueous extract of tubers represents the most important antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 0.14 mg ml against 2,2 diphenyl 1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH Wherea s, the two extracts of the tubers have low reducing capacities compared to standard with EC 50 equal to 0.048 mg/ ml for the methanolic extract, 0.018 mg ml for t he aqueous extract and 0.009 mg/ ml for ascorbic acid. The methano l ic and aqueous extracts of Bunium mauritanicum reacted positively at least on one of the bacterial strains studied.
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Agrawal, Krishn Kumar, Nitin Agrawal, Jyoti Gupta, and Tripanshu Gupta. "Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Dried Pericarp (Shell) of Juglans Regia L." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 12, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 4531–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.3.3.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous and methanolic extract of dried pericarp (Shell) of Juglans regia L. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was also undertaken to reveal the presence of Phyto-constituents in the extracts. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract shows the presence of polyphenols, flavanoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugar while methanolic extract show the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugar. Pharmacological evaluation of Juglans regia was performed by α-amylase inhibition assay method. Percentage inhibition of α amylase at dose of 50mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL of aqueous and methanolic extract was found to be 33.33, 66.67, 93.34 and 32.27, 59.64, 90.74 respectively. Among the extracts the aqueous extract showed highest activity as compared to control and methanolic extract.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-126.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-128.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Prasajak, Patcharee, Peeraya Surisura, Jarawee Aunsanthia, Yatikran Khokthian, Pakkawat Dechewa, and Wichien Sriwichai. "Effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extracts on the storage quality of pork meatballs under refrigerated storage." International Food Research Journal 30, no. 2 (April 28, 2023): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.30.2.11.
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The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of E. officinalis fruit extracts on the biochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, antimicrobial activities, and sensory attributes of pork meatballs under refrigerated storage at 4°C for 18 days. The meatball samples were divided into eight formulations including control, 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 0.2% distilled water and ethanolic extracts, 0.4% distilled water and ethanolic extracts, and 0.8% distilled water and ethanolic extracts. Aqueous fruit extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity ranging from 34.30 to 75.59%, with IC50 9.74 μg/mL as compared to the other extracts. These findings were in accordance with the highest total phenolic (1,550.22 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (19.35 mg CE/g extract) contents of distilled water crude extract, followed by methanolic extract, ethanolic extract, and acetonic extract, respectively. The meatballs supplemented with both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than control and BHT samples, particularly at the highest concentration of 0.8%. Similarly, the lowest TBARS values were observed in the samples with 0.8% ethanolic extracts ranging from 0.08 - 0.45 mg MDA/kg of sample. In contrast, the meatballs supplemented with aqueous extracts yielded the lowest microbial counts of 1.94 - 4.90 log CFU/g in comparison with the samples supplemented with ethanolic extracts. This was in agreement with the lowest MIC and MBC values of aqueous crude extracts (3.98 mg/mL) against all the tested foodborne pathogens. Based on sensory analysis, supplementing the pork meatballs with either ethanolic or aqueous extracts resulted in decreased sensory attributes in a concentration-dependent manner. E. officinalis fruit extracts could have an impact on unpleasant sensory characteristics in the meatballs with increasing levels of supplementation.
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Mostafa, Sarah, Amr Helmy Moustafa El-Bolok, Ahmed Nabil Fahmi, and Enas Alaaeldin. "An Ex vivo Apoptotic and Cytotoxic Effects of Frankincense on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. D (June 30, 2022): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9979.
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BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is accounting for almost 90% of oropharyngeal cancer diagnoses. Natural herbal medicine can use as an alternative, or complementary, or adjunctive for cancer treatment. Frankincense and its combination with myrrh have anticancer effects on different cancer types. METHODS: In this research, aqueous and methanolic extracts of frankincense and the combination of aqueous extract of frankincense and myrrh were applied on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line to study their cytotoxic and apoptotic effect by the assessment of cell viability and cytotoxicity, caspase 3 and 8 activation, reactive oxygen species activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, morphological changes, and nuclear area factor measurements. RESULTS: The result showed that aqueous and methanolic extracts of frankincense have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 21.05 ± 1.27 μM for aqueous extract, 36.72 ± 2.07 μM for methanolic extract, and IC50 value of 1.31 ± 0.04 μM for combination of aqueous extract of frankincense and myrrh extract after 24 h. CONCLUSION: Different extracts of frankincense and the combination of aqueous extract of frankincense and myrrh extract exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic effects by reducing the cell viability and activating caspases 3 and 8 causing intrinsic- and extrinsic-mediated apoptosis pathways activation with the involvement of oxidative stress that was conceivable with cytonuclear morphological alterations results.
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Efremov, Aleksandr Alekseyevich, and Irina Dement'yevna Zykova. "ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTIVES FROM THE ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. OF THE SIBERIAN REGION." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021028888.
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In model reactions with a free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, the antiradical properties of extractives of common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) growing in the Krasnoyarsk Territory were studied: water-alcohol extracts with an alcohol content of 20, 40 and 70% and essential oil. Whole essential oil is obtained by exhaustive hydro-steam distillation for 11 hours. In addition, separate oil fractions were obtained: the first after 20 minutes from the start of distillation, the second after the next 50 minutes, the third after the next 180 minutes, and the fourth after the next 360 minutes.
The results of the DPPH test showed that ARA is minimal for alcohol-soluble substances and increases for aqueous-alcoholic extracts from 20.3% in the case of a 20% extract to 21.8% for a 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract. ARA of the obtained samples of essential oil surpasses the ARA values of aqueous, alcoholic and aqueous-alcoholic extracts. It was found that the APA value for 1 fraction of oil is 29.7% and increases with the transition to subsequent fractions to 54.3%. Whole Yarrow essential oil has an ARA value of 52.8%.
According to the ARA value, the extractives of yarrow can be arranged in the following row: whole essential oils> 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract> 40% extract> 20% extract> aqueous extract> 96% alcoholic extract.
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Del Valle-Mojica, Lisa M., José M. Cordero-Hernández, Giselle González-Medina, Igmeris Ramos-Vélez, Nairimer Berríos-Cartagena, Bianca A. Torres-Hernández, and José G. Ortíz. "Aqueous and EthanolicValeriana officinalisExtracts Change the Binding of Ligands to Glutamate Receptors." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891819.
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The effects of two valerian extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) were investigated through [3H]Glutamate ([3H]Glu) and [3H]Fluorowillardine ([3H]FW) receptor binding assays using rat synaptic membranes in presence of different receptor ligands. In addition, the extract stability was monitored spectrophotometrically. Both extracts demonstrated interaction with ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). However, the extracts displayed considerable differences in receptor selectivity. The hydroalcoholic extract selectively interacted with quisqualic acid (QA), group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligand, while the aqueous extract did not alter the binding of QA. The stability of the extracts was examined during several weeks. Freshly prepared extract inhibited 38–60% of [3H]FW binding (AMPA). After 10 days, the aqueous extract inhibited 85% of [3H]FW binding while the hydroalcoholic extract markedly potentiated (200%) [3H]FW binding to AMPA receptors. Thus, our results showed that factors such as extraction solvent and extract stability determine the selectivity for glutamate receptor (GluR) interactions.
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Jain, I., P. Jain, D. Bisht, A. Sharma, B. Srivastava, and N. Gupta. "Use of Traditional Indian Plants in the Inhibition of Caries-Causing Bacteria - Streptococcus mutans." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300102.
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The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of six Indian plant extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine against clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, which were isolated from the plaque samples of 45 pediatric patients. Six plant extracts were prepared in three different forms, namely aqueous extracts, organic solvent-based extracts and crude (raw) extracts. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by measuring the mean zones of inhibition (mm) produced against the bacterial isolates. Results showed that crude garlic extract exhibited greater antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine. Aqueous extract of amla and organic solvent-based extract of ginger showed the maximum antibacterial activity against S. mutans, whereas aqueous extract of tulsi and organic solvent based extract of amla showed the minimum antibacterial activity. This study suggests that plant extracts like garlic in crude form, amla as aqueous infusion and ginger as alcoholic tincture have potential for the control of S. mutans. These extracts can be used as an alternative remedy for dental caries prevention or in the form of mouthwash, which is safe and economical.
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Patnaik, Prashanth Kumar, Mohammed Abdul Majeed, Bhuvaneshwari ., Laksmi Kameswari, and M. B. Niharika. "Comparative study of analgesic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts with aspirin on experimental animals." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184196.
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Background: Moringa oleifera is highly valued with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is abundantly available in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It has been used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory in Indian folk medicine since centuries. The mechanism of action of analgesic effect is by the phytochemical components of its leaves which contain alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and tannin.Methods: This experiment is carried out in mice by using the thermal method of analgesiometer, that is Eddy’s Hot Plate method. Thermostatically controlled electrically heated plate is used in this method. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts are compared with aspirin.Results: When the analgesic properties of the standard drug aspirin were compared to the analgesic properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, the ethanolic extract showed a comparable analgesic effect with aspirin at 90min. Among these two extracts, the ethanolic extract showed a higher response than aqueous extract.Conclusions: When the analgesic properties of the standard drug aspirin were compared to the analgesic properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, the ethanolic extract showed a comparable analgesic effect with aspirin at 90min. Among these two extracts, the ethanolic extract showed a higher response than aqueous extract.
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YONGPRADOEM, Panadda, and Natthida WEERAPREEYAKUL. "Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity of Raphanus sativus var. caudatus Alef Extract." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 838–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5541.
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This study was aimed to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition effects of the pod of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef extract. The compounds consisted in the extracts were identified by HPLC from standard peak comparison. Pod was extracted by using 2 different solvents-dichloromethane (DCM) and water. The antioxidant activity was evaluated based on free radical scavenging (DPPH) activity and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay. The lightening effect was determined from the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro. The results showed that DCM extract contained sulforaphene, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. The aqueous extract contained sulforaphene, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The DPPH· scavenging effect expressed as the IC50 values for DCM and aqueous extracts were 883.38 ± 22.9 and 1,160.49 ± 22.30 µg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of aqueous extract (218.27 ± 0.010 µM FeSO4 equivalent) was greater than DCM extract (166.34 ± 0.018 µM FeSO4 equivalent) at the same concentration (2,000 µg/mL). However, both extracts showed lesser antioxidant activity than gallic acid, a positive control. DCM extract showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than aqueous extract but lesser than kojic acid, a positive control. Both extracts at 2,000 µg/mL concentration exerted 42 and 19 % tyrosinase inhibition, respectively. In conclusion, the extraction solvent yielded different chemical constituents and thus the activities. The DCM extract exerted greater antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity than the aqueous extract. The extract fractionation is required to get higher yields of bioactive compounds prior to further study and for cosmetics product development.
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Naz, Nosheen, Allah Rukha, Nighat Raza, Umar Farooq, Kashif Razzaq, Ummara Waheed, Shabbir Ahmad, and Ambreen Naz. "Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of millet varieties of Pakistan." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.1.15.
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The current research was planned to measure the comparative phytochemical and anti-oxidative potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts of two indigenously grown millet varieties of Pakistan. The locally available millet varieties, i.e. MB-87 and AF-POP flours were chemically characterized through the proximate and mineral analysis. The antioxidant extract was prepared in water and methanol. The extracts were screened for saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins; methanolic extract of MB-87 and AF-POP showed flavonoids in an average quantity (++), whilst aqueous extract had only trace (+) values. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins only in the aqueous extract of both varieties. However, terpenoids and tannins were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. During antioxidant evaluation, millet methanolic extracts showed higher level of TPC and DPPH of MB-87 and AF-POP as 0.30±0.001 & 0.23±0.0012 mg GAE/g and 48±0.96 &46±1.09%, respectively. However, the β-carotene activity of the aqueous extract of both varieties (MB-87 and AF-POP) was recorded higher. In a nutshell, the methanolic extract of MB-87 has an appreciable atioxidant profile. Furher research should be planned to screen the important constituents of Pakistani millet varieties.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of alcohol and hot aqueous extracts for Leaves of Adhatodavasicaon the 1st larval instars ofMuscadomestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae)." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2010): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.4.1297-1302.
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The present study aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol and hot aqueous extracts for leaves of Adhatoda vasica on, first larval instars Musca domestica. They were exposed to the suggested concentrations of alcoholic extract which were (500, 1000, 1500, 2000) PPM while the suggested concentrations of the hot aqueous extracts (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500)PPM. The alcoholic (Methanol) extract of leaves was much effective on to killing the first larval instars of the M. domestica than hot aqueous extract.
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Figueiró, Luciana Rizzieri, Luana Christine Comerlato, Marcia Vignoli Da Silva, José Ângelo Silveira Zuanazzi, Gilsane Lino Von Poser, and Ana Luiza Ziulkoski. "Original Article. Toxicity of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. leave extract by MTT and neutral red assays: influence of the test medium procedure." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intox-2016-0004.
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Abstract Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of plant extracts with potential phytotherapeutic properties. This study compared three methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Vero cells to plant extracts. Leaves of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. were used to prepare culture medium with aqueous extract, extract in culture medium and methanol extract. Toxicity was assessed using the MTT and neutral red (NR) assays. In general, alterations in the cellular functions were found in all extracts and assays. Cytotoxic effect occurred at lower doses in aqueous extract and the range of effect of the methanol extract was small. The procedure of preparing the test medium has an effect on the outcome of the assay. Cytotoxicity of plant extract can be assessed by MTT and NR assays. Aqueous extract added to the culture medium presented the best profile to assess cytotoxicity.
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Al-Daihan, Sooad, Abeer M. Aldbass, Latifah M. Alotebi, and Ramesa Shafi Bhat. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of whole seed extracts of Perseaamericana Mill." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 04 (December 31, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.4.4.
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Perseaamericana Mill used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments and has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and wound-healing properties. In the present study, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different extracts of Perseaamericana Mill were investigated. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated by means of total phenolic, total flavonoids content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The highest phenolic and flanovoid content was observed in methanol extract while the lowest was achieved in aqueous extract. At concentration of 500 SOH g/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be highest in methanol extract (70%) and lowest in aqueous extract (51%). Antibacterial activity of different extracts was evaluated by using the disk diffusion method. Highest antibacterial activity was observed with methanol extract against S. pyogenes, while minimum activity was observed with aqueous extract against E.coli.
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Masalu, Rose, Sai Ngassa, Grace Kinunda, and Cyprian Mpinda. "Antibacterial and Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants and Their Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Tanzania Journal of Science 46, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v46i3.2.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and associated opportunistic infections are still global health concerns. Traditional medicines have been used for managing these infections, with little about their biological activities being known. This study evaluated antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activities of medicinal plants; Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Capparis erythrocarpos, and Plectranthus barbatus; and activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of H. madagascariensis, S. ellipticum, P. microcarpa; and ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 100 mg mL־1, while aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts from C. erythrocarpos showed no antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the study revealed that ethyl acetate extracts from P. barbatus, S. ellipticum, C. erythrocarpos and aqueous extract from H. madagascariensis have anti-HIV-1 RT inhibition greater than 50% at 10 mg mL־1. Aqueous crude extract of H. madagascariensis revealed higher anti-HIV-1-RT (IC50 = 0.9 mg mL־1) than all other extracts. On the other hand, zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of H. madagascariensis exhibited antibacterial activity greater than all the tested extracts and anti-HIV-1 RT activities comparable to aqueous extract of H. madagascariensis. The results provide scientific information towards drug discovery from medicinal plants.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Nanoparticles, Plant extracts, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity, Antibacterial activity
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Abdu, Omnia Hussein, Adel A. M. Saeed, and Taha Abubaker Fdhel. "Polyphenols/Flavonoids Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity in Pomegranate Peel Extracts." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2020.1.4.
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The use of plants still plays a vital role to establish the basic health requirements in developing countries. The extracts of P. granatum and its compounds have shown antimicrobial activity. This study showed that the acetone (125.36±0.01 and 70.5±0.01) extract contained the highest amount of total polyphenols (TPPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) respectively compared to methanol (105.6±0.005 and 20.99±0.004) extract while methanol extract content was higher than ethanol (94.14±0.02 and14.48 ±0.005). The aqueous extracts content was the less one (83.17 ± 0.003 and 10.65±0.003). When study the antimicrobial activity of four different prepared concentrations of four pomegranate peel extracts against microorganisms including two Gram-positive bacteria [P. aeruginosa and S. aureus], one Gram-negative bacteria [A. baumannii] and Candida parapsilosis. The result shown the antimicrobial activity of acetone extract on all microorganisms the highest value followed by methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extract activity. Besides, the activity of all extracts was good excepted aqueous extract has low antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
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S., Iswariya, and Uma T. S. "EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.16708.
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Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.
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Mutindi, Kioko Lucy. "Evaluation of Subchronic toxicity and phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiciae)." IAA Journal of Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 12, 2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.50.59.
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Evaluation of phytochemical content, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave in Wistar rats was carried out. Experimental rats were administered extracts daily for 31days at dose levels of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. Acute toxicity and phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract were done according to method of Lorke’s Trease and Evans. Biochemical analysis was equally done at the end of the administration of extracts using standard methods. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken for biochemical assay. The LD50 was found to be greater than 10,000 mg/kg body weight. Results showed the presence of most phytochemicals tested for. The aqueous extract caused a decrease in ALT activity but AST and CK activities were higher in the treated groups in a dose dependent manner relative to the control. The aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave affected mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration. The aqueous leaf extract caused mean body weight gain, but decrease in relative organ weight. The study suggests that the aqueous extract administered at normal therapeutic doses is not likely to produce severe toxic effects on some hematological and biochemical indices in rats and the organs tested. Chronictoxicity of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum suave should be done for histological, haematological andbiochemical evaluation. Key Words: Ocimum suave, Toxicity, Wistar Rats, Biochemical assay, Phytochemical, Extract
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Pandey, Bedraj, and Meena Rajbhandari. "Estimation of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Some Medicinal Plants and Their Antioxidant Activities." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12010.
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Quercetin was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of a methanol extract of the outer scale of onion by repeated sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Methanol, 50% aqueous methanol and 70% aqueous acetone extracts of different parts of four medicinal plants, Ficus benghalensis, Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Ipomea carnea and Azeratum conyzoides were prepared and screened for total phenolic and flavonoid contents and free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolics contents were measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoids content by using aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. All the investigated medicinal plant extracts contained high amount of phenolics. The highest amount was detected in 70% aqueous acetone extract of E. sphaericus (298.8±9.03 mg GAE/g extract) and lowest amount in 50% aqueous methanol extract of F. benghalensis (6.7±0.73 mg GAE/g extract). The highest amount of flavonoid was found in methanol extract (78.2±2.72 mg quercetin/g extract) and the lowest amount was detected in 50% aqueous methanol extract (2.1±0.25 mg quercetin/g extract) of F. benghalensis. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out only in 70% acetone extracts. The highest IC50 value was observed for E. sphaericus (34.0 μg/ml). A strong linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was found indicating that the major antioxidants are phenolics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12010 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.1 (2014) 53-60