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1
Salman, Khawlah Abdallah, Hussein Ali Hussein, Ohood Aqeed Radhi, and Ali Rasool Assai. "Effect of Thyme aqueous and alcoholic extract on the Beef Mincemeat shelf life extension." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(1).124.130.
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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of thyme has been well established against various microorganisms. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of thyme on beef mincemeat quality. Three differential concentrations (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/ml) of both thyme extracts were used for the beef mincemeat preservation. Untreated meat samples were considered as the control group while the extracts treated beef mincemeat are stored at 4°C for 7 to 14 days. To validate the extract's ability to prolong the storage period at 4 °C, various bacteriological indicators like total plate count, presence of total coliform, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus count were assessed. The results of the antimicrobial assay of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of thyme at different concentrations showed that the aqueous extract had significant inhibitory action on the growth of a wide range of bacteria compared to the alcoholic extract. Thus, the thyme aqueous extracts can be efficient and promising as preservatives for meat and its products, especially at high concentrations to inhibit bacterial growth.
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Agban, Amégninou, Yao Hoekou, Passimna Pissang, Tchadjobo Tchacondo, and Komlan Batawila. "Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae)." Journal of Applied Biosciences 151 (July 31, 2020): 15550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.151.4.
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Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer in vitro l’activité antimicrobienne des extraits de feuilles et tige de Jatropha multifida sur la croissance de Candida albicans, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus, puis d’évaluer in vivo la toxicité de cette plante. Méthodologie et résultats : Les méthodes de diffusion en milieu gélosé et de microdilution en milieu liquide ont été utilisées pour évaluer l’effet antimicrobien. Une étude en subaigüe était réalisée afin d’explorer les effets toxiques de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles. Les résultats des tests antimicrobiens montrent une activité des extraits de feuilles et tige de J. multifida sur la croissance des souches utilisées avec des diamètres de zones d’inhibition allant de 8 à 25 mm et des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) variant de 0,039 mg/mL à 1,25 mg/mL à l’exception des souches de E. coli qui sont résistantes aux extraits de la tige. L’administration en subaigüe de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de J. multifida à la dose de 600 mg/kg entraîne une perte significative de poids chez les souris. Conclusion et applications des résultats : Les extraits aqueux, éthanolique et hydroéthanolique des feuilles et tige de J. multifida possèdent d’activité antimicrobienne et pourraient être utilisés dans le traitement des Candidoses à C. albicans et des infections à S. aureus. Mais l’essai de toxicité subaigüe montre que l’extrait aqueux de la plante serait toxique. Des études toxicologiques approfondies restent donc nécessaires sur ces extraits afin de mieux élucider leur inocuité. Mots-clés : Jatropha multifida, extraits de feuilles et de tige, activités antifongique et antibactérienne, toxicité. Agban et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) 15551 Evaluation of antimicrobial potential and toxicity of Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) extracts ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem of Jatropha multifida extracts against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and then to evaluate in vivo the toxicity of this plant. Methodology and Results: The agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution methods were used to assess the antimicrobial effect. A subacute study was carried out to explore the toxic effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves. The results of the antimicrobial tests show an activity of the extracts of leaves and stems of J. multifida on the growth of the strains used with diameters of inhibitory zones ranging from 8 to 25 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 0.039 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL exception E. coli strains which are resistant to extracts from the stem. Subacute administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. multifida at a dose of 600 mg/kg leads to a significant loss of weight in the mice. Conclusion and application of findings : The aqueous, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and stem of J. multifida have antimicrobial activity and could be used in the treatment of Candidiasis and bacterial infections due respectively to C. albicans and S. aureus. But the subacute toxicity test shows that the aqueous extract of the plant would be toxic. Extensive toxicological studies therefore remain necessary on these extracts in order to better elucidate their safety. Keywords: Jatropha multifida extracts of leaves and stem, antifungal and antibacterial activities, toxicity
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Mohammed, B., M. M. Adua, S. E. Alu, D. Gambo, S. I. Musa, and R. A. Ofukwu. "Comparative efficacy of amprolium and crude extracts of Prosopis africana leaf for the treatment of West African dwarf goats infected with coccidial oocysts." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i1.3410.
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This study aimed at evaluating the comparative efficacy of amprolium and crude extracts of Prosopis africana (Iron tree) leaves in the treatment of West African dwarf goats infected with coccidial oocysts. The efficacy of amprolium, aqueous and methanolic extracts were tested using a total of 20 West African dwarf goats (WAD) of both sexes. The goats were randomly divided into five groups comprising of four goats each for amprolium, aqueous and methanolic extracts. Coccidial oocyst count reduction per gram of faeces was determined. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure in SPSS software version 22. The ever increasing cases of coccidiosis in goat's especially young goats have continued to be a source of worry for rural livestock farmers. This is so because they could not afford the available synthetic anticoccidial due to high cost and the chemical residue concerned in animal products and environmental pollution have awaken interest in medicinal plants as an alternative anticoccidial. The result revealed the presence of flavonoids, Saponins and tannins in all the extracts but absence of alkaloids in fresh and dried aqueous extracts except methanolic extract and also absence of glycosides in all the extracts. Maximum percent oocyst count reduction of 93.54% and 99.38% on day six and day eight post treatments (PT) were recorded in goats treated with 100mg/kg b.w. of the fresh leaves aqueous extract and amprolium respectively. It was concluded that the leaves extracts of Prosopis afracana had anticoccidial efficacy that is comparable with the amprolium.
Cette étude visait à évaluer l'efficacité comparative de l'amprolium et des extraits crus de feuilles de Prosopis africana (arbre de fer) dans le traitement des chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest infectées par des oocystes coccidiaux. L'efficacité des extraits d'amprolium, aqueux et méthanolique a été testée sur un total de 20 chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest (NAO) des deux sexes. Les chèvres ont été réparties au hasard en cinq groupes comprenant chacun quatre chèvres pour les extraits d'amprolium, aqueux et méthanolique. La réduction du nombre d'oocystes coccidiens par gramme de matières fécales a été déterminée. Les données recueillies ont été soumises à une procédure d'analyse de variance à un facteur (ANOVA) dans la version 22 du logiciel SPSS. En effet, ils ne pouvaient pas se permettre l'anticoccidien synthétique disponible en raison du coût élevé et les résidus chimiques concernés dans les produits animaux et la pollution de l'environnement ont suscité l'intérêt pour les plantes médicinales comme anticoccidien alternatif. Le résultat a révélé la présence de flavonoïdes, de saponines et de tanins dans tous les extraits mais l'absence d'alcaloïdes dans les extraits aqueux frais et séchés à l'exception de l'extrait méthanolique et également l'absence deglycosides dans tous les extraits. Le pourcentage maximum de réduction du nombre d'oocystes de 93,54 % et de 99,38 % au jour six et au jour huit après les traitements (AT) a été enregistré chez les chèvres traitées avec 100 mg/kg de poids corporel de l'extrait aqueux de feuilles fraîches et de l'amprolium respectivement. Il a été conclu que les extraits de feuilles de Prosopis afracana avaient une efficacité anticoccidienne comparable à celle de l'amprolium.
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Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Saima Anwar, Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool, Muhammad Mohsin Amin, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid, Amjed Ali, and Durrishahwar . "Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i1.864.
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ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory
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Jesselyn Cua, Sharmaine, Marcelina Lirazan, and Michael Russelle Alvarez. "In vitro Antacid Screening of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Ixora Coccinea (Linn). and Mimosa Pudica (Linn.)." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 2246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340504.
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Ixora coccinea L. (santan) and Mimosa pudica L. (makahiya) ethanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for their in vitro antacid potentials using the preliminary antacid test, determination of acid neutralization capacity, acid neutralizing effect, duration of consistent neutralization, and buffering capacity. Phytochemical screening and quantification of alkaloids were also done and the alkaloid content was correlated to the in vitro antacid potentials of the extracts. Among the extracts, the M. pudica aqueous extract gave the best preliminary antacid test result (1.0066±0.0083 pH) and acid neutralization capacity (0.0711±0.0038 mmol H+). Its aqueous extract showed comparable acid neutralizing effect (3.507% acid neutralized) on gastric juice with that of its ethanol extract (3.509% acid neutralized). On the other hand, the I. coccinea aqueous extract had the highest acid buffering capacity (0.0701±0.0020 mmol H+/pH). Both aqueous extracts gave the longest duration of neutralization with 9±1.732 minutes. All the extracts were tested positive for flavonoids, indoles, tannins, anthraquinones, anthrones, and alkaloids, with the I. coccinea aqueous extract having the highest alkaloid content (18.0282±1.2607% w alkaloid/w extract). This study provides the first reported proof of the antacid activities of I. coccinea and M. pudica. Further tests, including mouse model assays, are suggested to determine the efficacy of the extracts in vivo.
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Wang, Deng, Jingzhong Chen, Xue Xiong, Shu Wang, and Jiming Liu. "Allelopathic Effects of Cinnamomum migao on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of its Associated Species Liquidambar formosana." Forests 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070535.
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We examined allelopathic effects and underlying mechanisms of Cinnamomum migao on its associated species Liquidambar formosana. We assessed effects of aqueous extracts of C. migao pericarp, leaf, and rhizosphere soil at different concentrations on seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology of L. formosana. All extracts inhibited L. formosana seed germination, with obvious inhibition at high concentrations (50 mg mL−1). All extracts promoted the height and ground diameter of seedlings, with the highest promotion achieved with aqueous leaf extract at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 and aqueous pericarp and rhizosphere soil extracts at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. All extracts promoted soluble protein accumulation in L. formosana seedlings, with the highest accumulation achieved with aqueous pericarp extracts. Aqueous leaf extract promoted soluble starch accumulation. Aqueous pericarp extract at concentrations of >10 mg mL−1 significantly increased soluble sugar content. Aqueous leaf and rhizosphere soil extracts at concentrations of >5 mg mL−1 increased proline accumulation. All extracts at concentrations of >1 mg mL−1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content. Aqueous pericarp and rhizosphere soil extracts at concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mg mL−1, respectively, promoted superoxide dismutase activity. Activities of soil urease, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase were significantly increased when the concentration of aqueous pericarp and leaf extracts exceeded 5 mg mL−1, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase significantly increased when the concentration of all extracts were 5 mg mL−1. According to the synthetic allelopathic index, the low- and medium-concentration extracts all showed a promoting effect, whereas high concentrations exhibited obvious inhibitory effects; furthermore, the comprehensive effect value of leaf water extraction was higher than that of the pericarp and rhizosphere soil. Thus, allelopathy can affect the long-term co-existence of C. migao and L. formosana.
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Khardesh, Amani Ahmed F., Hitham Qasem M. Hadi, and Khaled Saeed Ali. "Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis Plant Extracts." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2020.1.6.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and Methanolic extracts of Aloe Lanata and Aloe Vacillanis. Using agar diffusion method, three different concentrations of Aloe extracts were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to compare the effectiveness of extracts with some antibiotics (Ampicillin: Amp, Erythromycin: Erytho, Gentamycin: Genta).The extracts showed that there was a different effect on the bacterial species according to the type and concentration of the plant extract as well as the inhibitory response to the bacterial species. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of A. lanata is more potent than A. vacillanis extract. In comparison to the type of extract, the alcoholic extract of A. lanata was more effective than the aqueous extract, while the aqueous extract of the A. vacillanis showed higher efficacy than the alcoholic extract. Both extracts had the most substantial effect on both E. coli and P. aeroginosa and were less effective on S. aureus. Antibacterial efficacy of studied plant extracts showed better efficacy than the antibiotic (Ampicillin, Erythromycin) on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.
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Jain, I., P. Jain, D. Bisht, A. Sharma, B. Srivastava, and N. Gupta. "Use of Traditional Indian Plants in the Inhibition of Caries-Causing Bacteria - Streptococcus mutans." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300102.
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The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of six Indian plant extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine against clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, which were isolated from the plaque samples of 45 pediatric patients. Six plant extracts were prepared in three different forms, namely aqueous extracts, organic solvent-based extracts and crude (raw) extracts. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by measuring the mean zones of inhibition (mm) produced against the bacterial isolates. Results showed that crude garlic extract exhibited greater antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine. Aqueous extract of amla and organic solvent-based extract of ginger showed the maximum antibacterial activity against S. mutans, whereas aqueous extract of tulsi and organic solvent based extract of amla showed the minimum antibacterial activity. This study suggests that plant extracts like garlic in crude form, amla as aqueous infusion and ginger as alcoholic tincture have potential for the control of S. mutans. These extracts can be used as an alternative remedy for dental caries prevention or in the form of mouthwash, which is safe and economical.
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese, Atefeh Mahboubi, and Nastaran Kazempour. "The antimicrobial activity of Prunella vulgaris extracts." Herba Polonica 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0008.
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Summary Prunella vulgaris ( Labiatae family) or self-heal is traditionally used for different ailments such as eye pain and inflammation, headache, dizziness, sore throat and wound healing. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) were determined by a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by micro broth dilution assay. The total phenolic content of P. vulgaris extracts were higher in aqueous extract (156.5 mg GAC/g) followed by ethanol extract and methanol extract. The TFC content of P. vulgaris methanol extract (82.8 mg QE/g) was higher than ethanol extract (22.7 mg QE/g) and aqueous extract (16.2 mg QE/g). The antimicrobial activity of methanol or ethanol extracts was higher than aqueous extract from P. vulgaris. The sensitivity of microorganisms to different extracts is related to type of pathogens. There is no positive relation between total phenolic content and its antimicrobial activity. Prunella vulgaris ethanolic extract as a source of phenolic and flavonoid contents can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
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Ziagova, Maria G., Charoula Mavromatidou, Georgios Samiotis, and Elisavet Amanatidou. "Enhancing Phenolic Content of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Extracts-Biofunctional Foods Preparation." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010076.
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In this study, the assessment of TPC and antioxidant activity enhancement of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) aqueous extracts using natural sweeteners or encapsulation materials was carried out. MAP extracts fortified with polyphenols were used to produce biofunctional chocolate bites. Honey or erythritol added to Melissa officinalis concentrated aqueous extracts exhibited TPC at 19.53 mg GAE/mL and 18.24 mg GAE/mL, respectively, and DPPH radical scavenging activity greater than 82%, comparing to its non-concentrated aqueous extract (3.74 mg GAE/mL and 72.9%, respectively). Honey added to MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures presented up to twofold higher TPC compared to M. officinalis concentrated aqueous extracts with honey. Chocolate bites with MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures and honey exhibited TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity at 29.48 mg GAE/g chocolate and 93.7%, respectively. The addition of gum arabic or inulin in MAP concentrated aqueous extract mixtures increased the TPC up to 12-fold (40.37 mg GAE/mL and 34.14 mg GAE/mL, respectively) compared to its non-concentrated aqueous extracts (3.38 mg GAE/mL), whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity approached 99.5%. Honey incorporation as a sweetener and polyphenolic compound encapsulation in gum arabic can lead to the production of biofunctional foods with elevated cytoprotective action without compromising their organoleptic attributes.
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Bernatonienė, Jurga, Rūta Masteikova, Daiva Majienė, Arūnas Savickas, Egidijus Kėvelaitis, Rūta Bernatonienė, Katerina Dvoráčková, et al. "Free radical-scavenging activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts." Medicina 44, no. 9 (June 11, 2008): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44090091.
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The aim of this study was to investigate antiradical activity of aqueous and ethanolic hawthorn fruit extracts, their flavonoids, and flavonoid combinations. Material and methods. Total amount of phenolic compounds and the constituents of flavonoids were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Crataegus monogyna extracts and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, vitexin-2O-rhamnoside, epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidin B2) quantitatively was determined using the method of spectrophotometry (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging assay and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS·+) radical cation decolorization assay). The level of tyrosine nitration inhibition was determined using a highperformance liquid chromatography. Results. Ethanolic hawthorn fruit extract contained 182±4 mg/100 mL phenolic compounds, i.e. threefold more, as compared to aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity according to DPPH· reduction in the ethanolic extracts was higher 2.3 times (P<0.05). The ABTS·+ technique showed that the effect of ethanolic extracts was by 2.5 times stronger than that of aqueous extracts. Tyrosine nitration inhibition test showed that the effect of ethanolic extracts was by 1.4 times stronger than that of aqueous extracts. The investigation of the antiradical activity of the active constituents in aqueous and ethanolic extracts revealed that epicatechin and catechin contribute to radical-scavenging properties more than other components. Procyanidin B2 only insignificantly influenced the antiradical activity of the extracts. Conclusion. Both aqueous and ethanolic hawthorn extracts had antiradical activity, but ethanolic extract had stronger free radical-scavenging properties, compared to the aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity of the studied preparations was mostly conditioned by epicatechin and catechin. The individual constituents of both extracts had weaker free radical-scavenging properties than the combination of these substances did.
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Maffo Tazoho, Ghislain, Esther Etengeneng Agbor, and Inocent Gouado. "In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 08 (September 23, 2020): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.08.292-297.
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Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.
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Tazoho, Ghislain Maffo, Esther Etengeneng Agbor, and Inocent Gouado. "In vitro, antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces extracts from two localities in Cameroon." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 8 (September 23, 2020): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.8.292-297.
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Background: Fighting against malnutrition and diseases such as oxidative stress diseases via a food-based approach could be achieved through identification, valorization, and promotion of local foods rich in macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical components. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of agro-ecological conditions on the antioxidant capacity of the Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous and methanol calyces extracts. Material and methods: The total phenolic content, the free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities were evaluated in aqueous and methanol Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract samples from two localities (Dschang [western highland zone] and Ngaoundéré [high Guinean savanna zone]) in Cameroon. Results: The results obtained showed that these extracts contain an important amount of total phenolic compounds with no significant difference (P>0.05) between aqueous and methanol extracts and also between the origins of calyces. The extracts showed their ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ as well as their ability to reduce the free radical, DPPH•. Concerning the FRAP results, at the concentration of 12.5µg/mL, the absorbance of AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) recorded the value (0.33±0.05) meanwhile at a far higher concentration of 200 µg/mL, the absorbance of MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality) was the highest (1.39±0.06). The CI50 of methanol extracts was significantly low (P<0.05) compared to that of aqueous extracts. The value ranges were 11.31±0.15, 14.69±0.84, 18.07±0.63, 20.50±0.54, and 21.50±0.54 µg/mL for ascorbic acid, MEN (Methanol Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), MED (Methanol Extract from Dschang locality), AEN (Aqueous Extract from Ngaoundéré locality), and AED (Aqueous Extract from Dschang locality) respectively. Conclusion: These findings show that the antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of aqueous extract. Hibiscus calyces from the two localities could be used as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress diseases. Keywords: Roselle calyces, aqueous and methanol extracts, antioxidant capacity.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts In Some Bacteria Isolated From Burns Infections." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.2.773-780.
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The present study was carried to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acetone, Alcholic (cold and hot) and Aqueaus(water) extracts of Citrus aurantifoliaseeds,against growth of some bacteria isolated from burns infections(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumonia,Staphylococcusaureus)fromKindy HospitalIn Baghdad from March to June 2012.Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for all isolated bacteria used in this study.Results showed variation in antibacterial activity of different extracts against all tested bacteria by well diffusion technique in agar and measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, at concentration 250Mg-ml. Acetone extract had the greatest inhibitory effect followed by hot alcoholci extract, and then cold alcoholic extract,while the aqueous extract slightly inhibited bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)were determined for all extracts against studying bacteria and found(12.5-50)mg-ml for acetone and alcoholic extracts, MIC for aqueous extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa and Escherichia coli,while was no effect onKlebsiellapneumonia and Staphylococcusaureus. Minimum Bacterial Concentration(MBC)were determined and was found25-50mg-ml for acetone extract,hot water was25mg-ml, cold alcoholic extract was 50mg-ml forPseudomonasaeruginosa,Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumonia but showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus, aqueous extract showed negative effect on alltested bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of hot alcoholic extract of seeds was investigated practically (in vivo) by treating burns mices infected with tested bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumonia),the results revealed good recovery at short time comparing with antibiotic(Flamazine) used at the same time.
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Phuwajaroanpong, Arisara, Prapaporn Chaniad, Walaiporn Plirat, Sathianpong Phoopha, Abdi Wira Septama, Arnon Chukaew, and Chuchard Punsawad. "Antiplasmodial Properties of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Ten Herbal Traditional Recipes Used in Thailand against Plasmodium falciparum." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120417.
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This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy and toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from traditional recipes used in Thailand. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ten traditional recipes were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity (parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and hemolysis). Oxidant levels were measured using cell-permeable probe 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye-based assays. The best candidate was chosen for testing in mouse models using 4-day suppressive and acute toxicity assays. An in vitro study showed that ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts exhibited antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 in the range of 2.8–15.5 µg/mL. All extracts showed high CC50 values, except for ethanolic extracts from Benjakul, Benjalotiga, and Trikatuk in HepG2 and Benjalotiga and aqueous extract from Chan-tang-ha in a Vero cell. Based on the results of the in vitro antiplasmodial activity, an aqueous extract of Triphala was chosen for testing in mouse models. The aqueous extract of Triphala exhibited good antiplasmodial activity, was safe at an oral dose of 2 g/kg, and is a potential candidate as a new source for the development of antimalarial drugs.
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Adebowale Emmanuel Aladejana, Graeme Bradley, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Various Extracts of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt used for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.06.3.
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The phytochemical contents of the acetone, ethanol, and boiled and cold aqueous whole-plant extracts of Helichrysum petiolare were determined using standard phytochemical reaction methods. ABTS, DPPH, NO and TAC assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant properties. This study reported the highest total phenolic content (212,963 mg/g) in the boiled aqueous extract, while the ethanol had the highest flavonoid (172.393 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin contents (65.855 mg/g). Alkaloids, flavonols, and saponin were highest in the acetone extract, while the cold aqueous extract had the lowest phytochemical content. Among the extracts, the boiled aqueous extract had the highest DPPH•+ (IC50 0.02 mg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 0.07) inhibition capacities, while the ethanol extract exhibited the highest NO• Inhibition (IC50 0.41 mg/mL) and TAC (IC50 0.19 mg/mL). These findings justify the use of H. petiolare in traditional medicine and further recommend the ethanol and boiled aqueous extracts of the plant as more effective extracts for medicinal treatment.
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Wabo Poné, J., Olivia Fossi Tankoua, Jeannette Yondo, Marie Claire Komtangi, Mpoame Mbida, and C. F. Bilong Bilong. "TheIn VitroEffects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves ofAgeratum conyzoides(Asteraceae) on Three Life Cycle Stages of the Parasitic NematodeHeligmosomoides bakeri(Nematoda: Heligmosomatidae)." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/140293.
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A comparativein vitrostudy was carried out to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofAgeratum conyzoides(Asteraceae) leaves on the eggs (unembryonated and embryonated), first and second larval stages ofHeligmosomoides bakeri. Four different concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 3.75 mg·mL−1) of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested. Distilled water and 5% tween were used as negative controls in the bioassay. In fact, they did not affect development of eggs, hatching, and larval survival. The extract activities were dose dependent. The ethanolic extract was more potent against embryonation (39.6 ± 2.9%) than the aqueous extract (53.3 ± 10.9%) at the highest concentration (3.75 mg·ml−1). Both types of extracts killed larvae. Mebendazole proved more lethal (EC50of 0.745 and 0.323 mg·mL−1, resp., for L1and L2larvae). The aqueous extracts were the least lethal (EC50of 4.76 and 2.29 mg·mL−1, resp., for L1and L2larvae). The ethanolic extracts showed intermediate activity (EC50of 1.323 and 1.511 mg·mL−1, resp., for L1and L2larvae). It is concluded that the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofAgeratum conyzoidesleaves are demonstrated in this work.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-126.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-128.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Patnaik, Prashanth Kumar, Mohammed Abdul Majeed, Bhuvaneshwari ., Laksmi Kameswari, and M. B. Niharika. "Comparative study of analgesic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts with aspirin on experimental animals." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184196.
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Background: Moringa oleifera is highly valued with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is abundantly available in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It has been used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory in Indian folk medicine since centuries. The mechanism of action of analgesic effect is by the phytochemical components of its leaves which contain alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and tannin.Methods: This experiment is carried out in mice by using the thermal method of analgesiometer, that is Eddy’s Hot Plate method. Thermostatically controlled electrically heated plate is used in this method. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts are compared with aspirin.Results: When the analgesic properties of the standard drug aspirin were compared to the analgesic properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, the ethanolic extract showed a comparable analgesic effect with aspirin at 90min. Among these two extracts, the ethanolic extract showed a higher response than aqueous extract.Conclusions: When the analgesic properties of the standard drug aspirin were compared to the analgesic properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, the ethanolic extract showed a comparable analgesic effect with aspirin at 90min. Among these two extracts, the ethanolic extract showed a higher response than aqueous extract.
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Mohamad Shariff, Nurul Fatin Syazleen, Thangam Singgampalam, Chean Hui Ng, and Chin Siang Kue. "Antioxidant activity and zebrafish teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic Moringa oleifera L. leaf extracts." British Food Journal 122, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 3129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0113.
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PurposeMoringa oleifera (MO) is a herbal remedy that is rich in essential amino acids and phytochemicals in the leaves, seeds and pods. It is becoming a famous food in various ethnic groups, and the consumption is increasing worldwide. However, there is no safety profile of the hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts, or documented teratogenicity aspect. This study was sought to compare the antioxidant activity and the teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts in the zebrafish embryo.Design/methodology/approachMO leaves were extracted with aqueous alcohols (ethanol or methanol: water, 80:20 v/v) using the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. The concentrations of extracts ranging from 3 to 1,000 µg/mL were used to examine the toxicity and teratogenicity on the zebrafish embryo.FindingsBoth hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts were positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, quinones and glycosides, except saponins only absent in aqueous methanol extract. The antioxidant capacity based on lC50, was 15.92 ± 3.62 mg/mL for aqueous methanolic and 25.28 ± 2.89 mg/mL for aqueous ethanolic extract. For acute toxicity, the aqueous methanolic extract has lower LC50 (163.87 ± 12.88 µg/mL) compared to aqueous ethanolic extract (337.48 ± 30.04 µg/mL). The embryo treated with aqueous methanolic extract showed phenotypic defect but not on the aqueous ethanolic extract.Originality/valueThis study suggests that aqueous methanol of MO leaves extract has better antioxidant capacity compared to ethanol, and ethanolic leaf extract is safer (higher LC50 and no teratogenicity) than methanolic extract.
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Abifarin, Taiwo Oluwafunmilola, Gloria Aderonke Otunola, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Cytotoxicity, Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Activities of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham Leaves." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091671.
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This study investigated the cytotoxicity, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potentials of blanched, aqueous and ethanol extracts of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham leaves. The results revealed that both ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited considerable inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50 of 627.29 ± 4.62 µg/mL and 576.46 ± 3.21 µg/mL respectively), while the blanched extract showed weak α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50; 855.38 ± 4.29 µg/mL) and the aqueous extract showed the best α-amylase inhibition (IC50; 583.74 ± 5.87 µg/mL). However, weak α-amylase inhibition was observed in the ethanol (IC50; 724.60 ± 4.33 µg/mL) and blanched extracts (IC50; 791.63 ± 3.76 µg/mL). The toxicity of the extracts is indicated by LC50 values as 154.75 µg/mL, 125 µg/mL and 90.58 µg/mL for ethanol, aqueous and blanched extracts respectively, indicating the blanched extract to be the most toxic. Moderate glucose utilization in both C3A and L6 cells was also observed for the aqueous and ethanol extracts which may be attributed to the relatively lower toxicity levels present. However, glucose utilization was very weak for the blanched extract, which may be due to higher level of cytotoxicity it possessed. Relatively weaker lipase inhibition was observed for the ethanol (IC50; 699.3 ± 1.33 µg/mL), aqueous (IC50; 811.52 ± 3.52 µg/mL) and blanched extracts (IC50; 1152.7 ± 4.61 µg/mL) compared to orlistat (IC50; 56.88 ± 0.11 µg/mL). However, there was no reasonable reduction in lipid accumulation observed in all the extract treated cells. These observations suggest that ethanol and aqueous extracts of H. arborescens leaf are promising as new agents for the treatment of diabetes and its acclaimed anti-obesity potentials are likely due to its lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.
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NIZIOŁ-ŁUKASZEWSKA, Zofia. "Extracts of Cherry and Sweet Cherry Fruit as Active Ingredients of Body Wash Formulations." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111212.
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As a response to the growing demand of consumers for active, natural ingredients of cosmetic preparations, manufacturers are looking for new raw materials, rich in compounds with high antioxidative activity. In this research an attempt were made to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds, L-ascorbic acid and the antioxidant potential (DPPH•, ABTS•+ method) of aqueous and aqueous-glycerine extracts from cherry (Prunus avium L), and sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). The next stage of this work was the application of analysed extracts to cleaning preparations. The best antioxidant properties were demonstrated for the aqueous-glycerine extract of sweet cherry fruit, which also was exhibit the highest phenol and L-ascorbic acid content. After application of analysed extract aqueous-glycerine extract of sweet cherry fruit to the gel, it was showed high foam stability. The model formulations enriched with the aqueous extracts of cherries and sweet cherries had a higher foaming ability, compared to the formulations containing the aqueous-glycerine extracts. The addition of both cherry and sweet cherry fruit extracts to the formulations resulted in a decrease in viscosity, in comparison with the baseline sample. The highest decline in viscosity (15% in relation to the baseline sample) was noted for the aqueous extract of sweet cherry fruit. None of model formulations, containing analysed extracts, did not induce skin lesions in the epidermal patch tests. The results indicate that the extracts can be used as a valuable cosmetic raw material, which have strong antioxidant ability and at the same time did not adversely affecting the usable properties of the washing gel.
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Daskum, Abdullahi M., Chessed Godly, and Muhammad A. Qadeer. "Antiplasmodial activities of crude Moringa oleifera leaves extracts on chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (3D7)." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.48s.
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The antimalarial efficacy of crude hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract was evaluated on chloroquine sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) in vitro, with a view to validate traditional use of M. oleifera as antimalarial. A dose dependent suppression of parasite growth was observed for all extracts, at microgram per mills (µg/mL) concentrations. At the lowest concentration of extract (6.25 µg/mL), the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts showed 63.52%, 71.42% and 60.65% suppression of plasmodium growth respectively. The extracts showed potent biological activity at the highest concentration of extract, with a strong inhibition of plasmodium growth (71.31%, 83.06% and 80.36%) observed for the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts. Although some extracts are observed to be more potent than others, all extracts are observed to be biologically active against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (Hexane extract IC50 = 3.36 µg/mL; methanol IC50 = 3.44 µg/mL and aqueous IC50 = 4.09 µg/mL respectively). The antiplasmodial activities observed may well be attributed to the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids in all solvent extracts.
Key words: Antiplasmodial, Moringa oleifera, Phytochemical screening, Plasmodium falciparum
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Piba, Serge Cherry, Pierre Alain Kouassi Konan, Losséni N’gana Kone, Amoin Gervaise Kouame, Richard Kouakoubah Donthy Kouakou, and Honora Fezan Bi Tra. "Phytochimie, activité antioxydante et toxicité aiguë de plantes médicinales utilisées contre les séquelles de l’accident vasculaire cérébral en Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.21.
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Les séquelles, après un accident vasculaire cérébral, sont importantes et les patients handicapés moteurs très nombreux. La présente étude a pour objectif de définir le profil phytochimique des cinq plantes les plus utilisées pour traiter les séquelles des AVC en Côte d’Ivoire, d’évaluer leur capacité antioxydante et leur toxicité. Après le screening phytochimique, la teneur en phénols et flavonoïdes ont été quantifiés par la méthode colorimétrique de Folin-Ciocalteu. L’évaluation quantitative du potentiel antioxydant des extraits a été réalisée in vitro par le test au DPPH (1,1-diphényl-2-picryl-hydrazyle). Les tests ont mis en évidence la présence de polyphénols, de tanins et de flavonoïdes dans tous les extraits aqueux. Ces métabolites sont importants dans la prévention et le traitement des maladies cardio-vasculaires. Les taux les plus élevés de polyphénols sont présents dans les extraits aqueux d’écorce de tige de Ficus mucuso (83425,29 μg EAG/g MS) et de rameaux feuillés de Zizyphus mauritiana (74517,24 μg EAG/g MS). La plus forte teneur en flavonoïdes a été observée dans l’extrait aqueux de rameaux feuillés de Ziziphus mauritiana (20,28%). Des capacités antioxydantes importantes ont été observées dans les extraits aqueux du mélange écorces de tige/feuilles de Tamarindus indica (CI50 = 0,1269 mg/ml) et dans l’extrait d’écorce de tige de Ficus mucuso (0,1335 mg/ml). Les tests de toxicité aigüe montrent que l’extrait aqueux de l’écorce de tige de Ficus mucuso, par voie orale, à 5000 mg/kg de pc, est légèrement toxique chez les souris.Mots clés : AVC, séquelles, plantes médicinales, phytochimie, toxicité.
English Title: Phytochemistry, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of medicinal plants used against the sequelae of stroke in Côte d’IvoireThe sequelae after a stroke are significant and there are many patients with motor disabilities. The purpose of this study is to define the phytochemical profile of the five plants most used to treat the sequelae of stroke in Côte d'Ivoire, to assess their antioxidant capacity and their toxicity. After the phytochemical screening, the content of phenols and flavonoids were quantified by the colorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu. The quantitative evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the extracts was carried out in vitro by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) test. The tests revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids in all the aqueous extracts. These metabolites are important in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The highest levels of polyphenols are found in aqueous extracts of stem bark of Ficus mucuso (83425.29 μg EAG/ g DM) and leafy twigs of Zizyphus mauritiana (74,517.24 μg EAG / g DM). The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the aqueous extract of leafy twigs of Ziziphus mauritiana (20.28%). Significant antioxidant capacities were observed in the aqueous extracts of the stem bark / leaf mixture of Tamarindus indica (IC50 = 0.1269 mg / ml) and in the extract of the stem bark of Ficus mucuso (0.1335 mg / ml). Acute toxicity tests show that the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Ficus mucuso, taken orally, at 5000 mg / kg bw, is slightly toxic in mice.Keywords: Stroke, sequelae, medicinal plants, phytochemistry, toxicity.
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Dutta, Sanghamitra, Debanita Roy, Archisman De, Camellia Dutta, and Swagata Bhattacharya. "Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L, Murraya koenigii , Coriandrum sativum and Centella asiatica." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i4.255-261.520.
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Antioxidants are naturally occurring substances that combat oxidative damage in biological entities. An antioxidant achieves this by slowing or preventing the oxidation process that can damage cells in the body. It does this by getting oxidized itself in place of the cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of aqueous and 95% methanol leaf extracts of four herbs viz. Trigonella foenum-graecum L, Murraya koenigii, Coriandrum sativum and Centella asiatica which have frequent use in Indian cuisine. Both aqueous and 95% methanol leaf extracts have shown significant amount reducing power. Both aqueous and 95% methanol leaf extracts of Coriandrum sativum had significant DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 0.21± 0.3 mg/L and 0.176 ± 0.008 mg/L respectively. The aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L showed low scavenging activity. Among all the leaf extracts, the aqueous leaf extract of Centella asiatica has exhibited significantly high NO radical scavenging activity (80%) with IC50 value of 0.11 ± 0.17 mg/L. The aqueous leaf extracts of the samples have showed significantly high superoxide radical scavenging activity. The activity was maximum for the aqueous leaf extract of Centella asiatica, IC50 value is 4.36 ± 0.41 mg/L. anti lipid peroxide activities were very high ( 90 %) for aqueous leaf extracts of Coriandrum sativum (IC50 = 0.064 ± 0.85 mg/L) and Centella asiatica (IC50 = 0.066 ± 0.9mg/L) at a concentration of 0.16 mg/L. The aqueous leaf extracts of the samples were found to contain large amounts of flavonoids and phenolic compounds and exhibited high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. These in vitro assays indicate that these plant extracts are significant source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.
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Baidya, Moushumi Baidya, Himangshu Sekhar Maji, Shvetank Bhatt, and Dibya Das. "In-vitro evaluation of the thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of capparis sepiaria root extracts." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 4166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i1.1879.
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The dried roots of Capparis sepiaria was powdered and extracted successively in soxhlet assembly. The extracts acquired had been dried after which subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The in vitro thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory activities of total ethanolic and aqueous extracts for Capparis sepiaria roots were performed using thrombolytic and inhibition of protein denaturation assays respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening carried out from successive solvent extracts of Capparis sepiaria has shown the presence of carbohydrates, fixed oil, fats, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phytosterols. Total aqueous and ethanol extracts were tested for clot lysis and inhibition of protein denaturation showed significant thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. The total aqueous extract has shown more potential as compared to the total ethanolic extract. It can be concluded that the Thrombolytic and Anti-inflammatory properties of the total ethanolic and aqueous extracts are due to the presence of the specific phytoconstituents present in the root extracts. Keywords: Capparis sepiaria, Thrombolytic, Anti-inflammatory activity, Root extracts and Phytochemical screening.
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Saulawa, S. B., C. A. Okuofu, A. Ismail, D. B. Adie, J. A. Otun, and I. A. Yakasai. "Extension of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous extract shelf life using trona as a preservative." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.053.
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The effects of Moringa oleifera seed extracts' deterioration and preservation on turbidity removal efficiency were studied. Trona was used as a preservative in the enhancement of the extract's shelf life. An average value of 92.30% was observed at the Moringa oleifera seed extracts' dosage of 800 mg/L as the highest average turbidity removal for all the extracts, while the least value 82.16% was observed at a dosage of 320 mg/L. The fresh preserved Moringa oleifera seed extract had a value of 95.18% as the highest average percentage turbidity removal against all the extracts for all dosages, while the plain extract had the lowest average percentage turbidity removal value of 74.93%. It was observed also that even though the preserved extract was the most consistent in turbidity removal (overall variance of 1.25), the fresh preserved extract had the overall highest performance. However, the difference in overall performance between the two was only marginal, while substantial difference was observed between the plain extract and the fresh plain extract.
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Akintunde, O. G., F. C. Thomas, and F. P. Egunleti. "Adsorption of cadmium ion from water using activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell." Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research 26, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njcr.v26i2.6.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant potentials, and proximate composition of extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind (CLR) in different solvents. Chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of CLR were prepared after which they were subjected to phytochemical, antioxidants, and proximate analysis using standard methods. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind were rich in alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, while the chloroform and ethanol extract were rich in flavonoids. It was observed that the ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind had the highest concentration of total phenolic substances when compared with other extracts considered. The DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity was significantly higher in the ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform extracts. The aqueous extract Citrullus lanatus rind was richer in moisture content, but chloroform and hexane extracts were richer in calorie or carbohydrate a relatively high percentage of crude protein in the ethanol extract. With prescence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds in ethanol and aqueous extracts of CLR. They may be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular diseases. Also, with improvement in quality of Citrullus lanatus rind, it may be of high medicinal value to man and livestock.
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Sangray, Aarti, Ajeet Pal Singh, and Amar Pal Singh. "Phytochemical evaluation and investigation of anti-Fungal activity of turnip top extracts." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 4 (January 15, 2022): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2021.044.
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To evaluate the activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of leaves of against three fungal strains i.e. MTCC3814, and Candida tropicalis MTCC9038 in-vitro.Phytochemical analysis of belonging to family brassicacaea was examined using Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts. Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of leaves of were investigated individually for antifungal activity by Agar well diffusion method. Both the extracts were tested against selected fungal strains i.e. and to find the inhibitory activities of fungal growth at the dose level of 50 and 100 μg/ml.The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic and aqueous extracts confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, tannins, reducing suger, non-reducing suger and inorganic compounds such as calcium, magnesium, iron, carbonate & sulphates. Ethanolic extract of showed considerably high antifungal activities against selected microorganisms than aqueous extract.Although the active components were not isolated but antifungal active plant principles such as flavonoids, glycosides and tannins were observed in the extract. Ethanolic extract of possess effective antifungal properties for selected fungal strains i.e.
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Brankovic, Suzana, Dusanka Kitic, Mirjana Radenkovic, Vesna Ivetic, Slavimir Veljkovic, and Milkica Nesic. "Relaxant activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill, Apiaceae) on isolated ileum of rat." Medical review 63, no. 7-8 (2010): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1008475b.
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Introduction. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is used in the traditional herbal medicine to treat intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley on spontaneous and acetylcholine induced contractions on isolated rat ileum. Material and methods. Wistar albino rats (250-300g) were used in this study. The ileum portions were isolated out and cleaned off mesenteries. Preparations 2 cm long were mounted in 20 ml tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution maintained at 37?C and aerated with a mixture of 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen. In the first part of experiments, contractile responses to the aqueous (ethanol) extracts of parsley were recorded. In the second part, increasing concentrations of acetylcholine were added to the organ bath for a full concentration response curve and then concentration response curves were obtained after adding the aqueous (ethanol) extracts of parsley. Results and discussion. Our results showed that aqueous (62.22?7.15%) and ethanol (79.16?9.34%) extracts of parsley in dose dependent manner decreased the tonus of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. The aqueous (32.16?2.75%) and ethanol (53.96?4.86%) extracts of parsley reduced the acetylcholine induced contraction, the reduction was greater with ethanol extract than with the aqueous one. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley exert antispasmodic activity on rat ileum. The relaxant effect of ethanol extract was better comparing to aqueous extract of parsley.
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Cardozo, Micheal Flizburt, Vishnu Bhat, and Ravikumar Nayak. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CREAM CONTAINING CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AND CENTELLA ASIATICA AQUEOUS EXTRACTS." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 10, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.106169.
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The objective of this study was preparing and evaluating cream formulations containing aqueous extracts of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica, and also to conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis for the said aqueous extracts. The plant aqueous extracts were prepared by macerating the dry powders of the aforementioned plants; water-in-oil creams were prepared in varying concentrations of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica aqueous extracts (5%, 7.5% and 10%). The creams thus prepared varied in the colour and texture, but all had good physical characters for a cream. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows that Calendula officinalis aqueous extract contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while Centella asiatica aqueous extract contains flavonoids and tannins. Based on the results we have concluded that the formulation containing 5% of aqueous had the best overall characteristics of a cream compared to the other formulations as it had a good colour, was smooth in texture and had better stability.
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Udaya, Shreya, Nishith Babu, Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa, Krithika Kalladka, Gunimala Chakraborty, and Anirban Chakraborty. "Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Property of Cassia fistula Stem Bark Extracts in Zebrafish." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 10, no. 03 (August 20, 2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715995.
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Abstract Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity and the antioxidant property of Cassia fistula stem bark extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. fistula stem bark were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antioxidant property of C. fistula stem bark extracts was determined in arsenic-induced oxidative stress models of zebrafish. Results The aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark showed a slightly larger LC50 value (213.6 ppm) compared with the ethanol extract (LC50 = 63.5 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. A significant reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal was observed in arsenic-exposed embryos treated with the aqueous extract, but not the ethanol extract, indicating that the antioxidant activity is present only in the aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark. Conclusion Identification of antioxidants from natural sources is desirable because of increasing safety concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants. This study demonstrated that aqueous extract from C. fistula stem bark possesses antioxidant properties, which can be further characterized for mechanism of action and potential applications.
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Hammad, E. Abou-Fakhr, M. Akkary, N. Saliba, M. Farran, and S. Talhouk. "Bioactivity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 7 (June 7, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n7p123.
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Forty two methanol extracts and 12 aqueous extracts of 29 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their acaricidal bioactivity against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae adults at the laboratory. Fourteen methanol plant extracts caused significant mortality in mites. This is the first report for the potential effect on survival of mites for 27 tested endemic plant species. Methanol whole plant extracts (WPEs) of Lotus carmeli, Alchemilla diademata, Eryngium deserlorum and aqueous fruit extracts (FrEs) of Melia azedarach caused toxic effects against the adult mites in the range of 41-46% mortality. The methanol WPE of L. carmeli and the aqueous FrE of M. azedarach (1:5) caused the highest mite mortality of 43.55% and 45.55%, respectively and each was used as reference sample for potential acaricidal activity in the methanol and aqueous treatment groups. The latter extract was not significantly different in its effect from aqueous extracts of M. azedarach leaf extract (LE) and Achillea damascena WPE. Methanol extracts of Salvia rubifolia flowers and Calendula palestina FrE were found to be more active against the adult mite than their extracts of other plant parts as leaves and flowers, respectively. The former two extracts, flower extracts of Anthemis scariosa, Echinops gaillardoti, Nepeta curviflora, and Ranunculus cuneatus, leaves and stems extract of An. scariosa and WPEs of Melissa inodora, Ranunuculus myosuroides, Origanum libanoticum and Ac. damascena were found to be comparable in their acaricidal activity to that of the whole plant extract of L. carmeli. Thus, these bioactive extracts of some local plant species can cause toxicity to adult T. urticae mites and consequently could be an alternative control for mite pests.
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Khan, Safi Ullah, Faizan Ullah, Sultan Mehmood, Shah Fahad, Arsalan Ahmad Rahi, Fayez Althobaiti, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Shah Saud, Subhan Danish, and Rahul Datta. "Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): e0255502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255502.
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We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 and ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 μg/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 μg/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese, Nastaran Kazempour, Hossein Hosseini, and Mona Mahboubi. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Epimedium pinnatum." Herba Polonica 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2013-0009.
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Summary Epimedium pinnatum (Berberidaceae family) is used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. pinnatum extracts (ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of each extract were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. It was exhibited that methanol extract had better antimicrobial activity than those of ethanolic extract or aqueous extract. The TPC and TFC of E. pinnatum extracts was higher in methanol extract (149 and 36.6 mg/g) than that of ethanolic extract (137.2 and 19.5 mg/g) and aqueous extract (86.2 and 8.4 mg/g). The methanol extract had lower IC50 value (200 µg/ml) than ethanolic (250 µg/ml) and aqueous extract (400 µg/ml). There was a positive correlation between TPC, TFC in E. pinnatum extract and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
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Vega-Ávila, Elisa, José Luis Cano-Velasco, Francisco J. Alarcón-Aguilar, María del Carmen Fajardo Ortíz, Julio César Almanza-Pérez, and Rubén Román-Ramos. "Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extracts fromCatharanthus roseus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/934258.
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Introduction.Catharanthus roseus(L.) is used in some countries to treat diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of extracts from the flower, leaf, stem, and root in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods. Roots, leaves, flowers, and stems were separated to obtain organic and aqueous extracts. The blood glucose lowering activity of these extracts was determinate in healthy and alloxan-induced (75 mg/Kg) diabetic mice, after intraperitoneal administration (250 mg/Kg body weight). Blood samples were obtained and blood glucose levels were analyzed employing a glucometer. The data were statistically compared by ANOVA. The most active extract was fractioned. Phytochemical screen and chromatographic studies were also done.Results. The aqueous extracts fromC. roseusreduced the blood glucose of both healthy and diabetic mice. The aqueous stem extract (250 mg/Kg) and its alkaloid-free fraction (300 mg/Kg) significantly () reduced blood glucose in diabetic mice by 52.90 and 51.21%. Their hypoglycemic activity was comparable to tolbutamide (58.1%, ).Conclusions. The best hypoglycemic activity was presented for the aqueous extracts and by alkaloid-free stem aqueous fraction. This fraction is formed by three polyphenols compounds.
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S., Iswariya, and Uma T. S. "EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.16708.
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Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese, and Atefeh Mahboubi. "Antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa as its usages in traditional medicine." Herba Polonica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0004.
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Summary Capparis spinosa roots and fruits are traditionally used for the treatment of diseases such as diarrhea and hemorrhoids. In the 10th century, farmers also used aqueous extract from its roots for disinfecting their plants’ seeds. Due to widespread use of this plant in traditional medicine, we evaluated different extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate) of fruits and roots of this plant against bacteria and fungi causing infections in plants or humans. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from fruits and roots and the antioxidant activity were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by microdilution assay in fluid medium. Among different extracts from roots and fruits, root ethyl acetate and fruit methanol extracts had higher total phenolic content, while fruit ethyl acetate extract contained higher total flavonoid content. The higher antioxidant activity was shown for roots ethanol extract (IC50=88 μg/ml). As its traditional uses, roots aqueous extract from C. spinosa exhibited inhibitory effect against bacteria and fungi with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With the exception of fruit aqueous extract, other extracts (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate) from fruit and root exhibited good activity against microorganisms, especially fungi. This study reveals the traditional uses of roots and fruit extracts as antimicrobials agent.
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Thammanna Gowda SS, Parimala B Hanumesh, and Manjula RV. "Antimicrobial activity of Punica grantum leaves." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0162.
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Natural phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants acts as inhibitors for pathogenic microorganisms which causes contagious diseases to human beings. The present study was done to explore the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extract of Punica grantum leaves. The phytochemical analysis of both the extracts revealed the presence of total phenolics & flavonoids at varied concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out by disc diffusion method. Both the aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extract showed the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, Shi. dysentriae & Shi. flexineri. The antimicrobial activity of the Punica grantum leaves extracts could be attributed by the presence of phenolics and flavonoids.
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Enabulele, Stephen, Oluwatosin Amusa, and Eseosa Uwadiae. "Phytochemical, antimicrobial and nutritional properties of Morinda lucida benth and Nauclea latifolia leaf extracts." International Journal of Scientific World 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v5i1.6775.
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The leaves of two medicinal plants namely; Morinda lucida and Nauclea latifolia were investigated for their antibacterial, mineral and phytochemical properties. Results of the study showed that the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the two leaves had significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and Proteus mirabilis. The biologically active constituents present in the extracts were cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponin, coumarins, reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids. The percentage yield extracts of the respective plants were Morinda lucida leaves 12.9% for ethanol and 9.0% for aqueous extracts while Nauclea latifolia had 12.1% for ethanol and 8.4% for aqueous extracts. Results of the antibacterial activity analysis revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the two medicinal plants at different concentrations were more active against the test organisms named above than the aqueous extracts. The MIC values for the ethanolic extracts ranged between 25.0 and 100.0 mg/ml while that of aqueous extract ranged between 50.0 and 100.0 mg/ml. The MBC values for ethanolic extract ranged between 50.0 and 100mg/ml while that of aqueous extracts also ranged between 50.0 and 100mg/ml. Analysis of the mineral content of the plant leaves shows that they were rich in potassium and calcium. This study confirms that the leaf extracts have some reasonable level of antimicrobial activity and appreciable amounts of mineral content which could be beneficial to human health. The findings from this work can be further exploited for isolation and characterization of novel Phytochemical compounds which could be used in the treatment of infectious diseases especially in light of the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and the need to produce new effective antimicrobial agents.
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Krishnamoorthy Meenakumari, Giridharan Bupesh, and Mayur Mausoom Phukan. "Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves extracts of Ehretia pubescens." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 6262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3308.
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The foods from plants were known to ensure against degenerative diseases and maturing because of their antioxidant activitycredited to their high content. Information on antioxidant activity of Indian medicinal plant is abundant. To the best of our knowledge, biological properties have not been accounted in the literature for this species of . As a point, this is the first results to assess the anti-oxidant activity of the plant which belongs to the family . The antioxidant activity of Methanol, , Ethyl acetate and Aqueous extracts of E. was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. The DPPH scavenging activity showed higher activity observed in extract (63%) of E. than (54%), (44%) and aqueous (30%). the ABTS assay inhibition in extract (58%) than (43%), (38%) and aqueous (32%) extracts. The reducing power assay of different extracts was increased in extract (54%) than (40%), (34%) and aqueous (28%) extracts. Overall, the and ethyl acetate extract had higher antioxidant properties than other extract. However, in this study, extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their nutritional and medicinal functions.
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Kumar, T., A. Sahu, and V. Jain. "IN VITRO SCREENING OF LANNEA COROMANDELICA FOR ANTIFILARIAL ACTIVITY ON CATTLE FILARIAL PARASITE SETARIA CERVI." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 08 (August 28, 2014): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.08.10112.
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The current study was aimed to investigate the antifilarial activity of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Lannea coromandelica. Both extracts were screened for their total flavonoid content chromatographically. The total amount of flavonoid present in ethyl acetate is much greater than in aqueous extract. Aqueous extract produced initial stimulation effect in whole worm followed by reversible paralysis, whereas on the nerve muscle preparation, the effect was depressant. In the same manner ethyl acetate extract produces irreversible paralysis. The concentrations required to inhibit the movement of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation for aqueous extract of leaves of L. coromandelica were 300 and 60 µg/mL, respectively, whereas ethyl acetate extract caused inhibition of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation at 160 and 15 µg/mL, respectively. LC50 and LC90 were 21 and 30 ng/mL, respectively for aqueous, which were 16 and 24 ng/mL for ethyl acetate extracts.
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Mendes, Iramar V. S., and Eder Marques. "In vitro inhibition of Xanthomonas spp. by lemon-scented gum extracts." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n5/2021/66-74/agrariacad.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora) extracts in inhibiting the in vitro growth of Xanthomonas spp. The treatments consisted of aqueous, infusion, alcoholic and boiling extracts, in addition to the control with antibiotics. The methodology used to assess the antagonism was the double layer diffusion. The extracts were tested at 50, 35 and 15% concentration. None of the extracts inhibited the growth of X. citri pv. glycines, only the antibiotic bacitracin. As for X. vesicatoria, it was observed that only the alcoholic extract of C. citriodora leaves inhibited its growth, with emphasis on the 35% alcoholic extract, in addition to the antibiotics streptomycin and bacitracin. The growth of X. campestris was inhibited by alcoholic and aqueous extracts, highlighted on 50% and 35% alcoholic and 50% aqueous extracts, as well as by streptomycin and penicillin. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of lemon-scented gum showed potential in the in vitro control of Xanthomonas and new studies will be carried out with new concentrations and in vivo control of diseases caused by these bacteria.
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Bouziane, Amel, Boulanouar Bakchiche, Maria Dias, Lillian Barros, Isabel Ferreira, Husam AlSalamat, and Sanaa Bardaweel. "Phenolic Compounds and Bioactivity of Cytisus villosus Pourr." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081994.
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The present study focuses on the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Cytisus villosus Pourr. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn was used to identify the phenolic compounds, being (epi)gallocatechin dimer the major compound (111 ± 5 µg/g·dw) in the aqueous extract, while myricetin-O-rhamnoside (226 ± 9 µg/g·dw) was the main molecule in the ethyl acetate extract. Both extracts exhibited good scavenging activities against DPPH radical (EC50 µg/mL of 59 ± 2 and 31 ± 2 for aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively). However, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated more potent quenching activities than the aqueous extract. The antimicrobial activities were assessed on selected Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as on pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata. The extracts possessed selective and potent antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive bacterium (IC50 of 186 ± 9 μg/mL and 92 ± 3 μg/mL for aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively). Finally, C. villosus extracts were evaluated for their antiproliferative potential on three human cancer cell lines representing breast and colon cancers. Although both extracts demonstrated sufficient growth inhibition of the three different cell lines, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited higher activity (LD50 values of 1.57 ± 0.06 mg/mL, 2.2 ± 0.1 mg/mL, and 3.2 ± 0.2 mg/mL for T47D, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cell lines). Both the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of C. villosus revealed very promising results and could be applied as functional agents in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.
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Al Jumayi, Huda Abdalrahman, Ayman Younes Allam, Alaa El-Dein El-Beltagy, Eman Hassan Algarni, Samy F. Mahmoud, and Amin Abd El Halim Kandil. "Bioactive Compound, Antioxidant, and Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Plant Aqueous Extracts for Enhancing Shelf Life of Cold-Stored Rabbit Meat." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061056.
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The potential radical scavenging, antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS) and bioactive constituents of several plant aqueous extracts (Curcuma longa, CL; Myristica fragrans, MF; Zingiber officinale, ZO; Cymbopogon citratus, CC and Thymus vulgaris, TV as well as their mixture) were investigated. The effect of these extracts on quality aspects (sensory characteristic, color traits, and Thiobarbituric acid) of rabbit meat during a 16-day cold (4 ± 2 °C) storage were investigated. Total phenolics and flavonoid contents of all extracts ranged from 13.27 ± 0.57 to 25.23 ± 0.49 mg GAE/g and 6.57 ± 0.22 to 13.24 ± 0.19 mg quercetin/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of MF had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) ABTS scavenging activity (4.55 μ mol Te/g dry extract), whereas the highest (p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity was detected in ZO extract (9.32 μ mol Te/g dry extract). Identification of extracts’ bioactive compounds by GC-MS revealed that Eugenol (34.51%), Cinnamaldehyde (44.71%), Carvacrol (40.49%), Eicosane aldehyde (31.73%), and thymol (50.04%) are the first abundant bioactive compounds of CL, MF, ZO, CC, and TV aqueous extracts, respectively. Generally, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of all cold stored rabbit meat increased (p < 0.05) by increasing the storage time. The lowest TBARS values were detected for the samples treated with 0.2% of plant extracts mixture, which increased the shelf life of cold-stored rabbits by 50%. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in both L* and b* were observed with extended storage time. Meanwhile, the redness of the cold stored rabbit meat had an opposite trend. Treating the cold stored rabbit meat with 0.2% of the extract’s mixture doubled the storage time with acceptable odor and taste. The results indicated that the studied plant extracts may be effective against rancidity and may be used as a natural antioxidant to prolong the shelf life of cold-stored rabbit meat.
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Adetuyi, FO, KO Karigidi, ES Akintimehin, and ON Adeyemo. "Antioxidant properties of Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae leaves." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i4.39190.
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In vitro antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves were studied in controlling erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Methanol extract gave a significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher content of total phenolic (61.4 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid (42.2 mgQE/g), ascorbic (10.1 mgAAE/100g) and phosphomolybdate (45.8 mgAAE/g) than the aqueous extract. The result showed that the extracts have high antioxidant activities. However, the methanol extract showed a higher DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities over aqueous extract but the aqueous extract had a higher reducing power. The methanol extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in rat pancreas and penile tissue homogenate exemplified by their least IC50 (94.21 μg/ml in pancreas) and (75.95 μg/mL in penile tissue) while in rat brain homogenate the aqueous extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ with least IC50 of 91.74 μg/mL. Hence, these extracts can be used as a potent natural antioxidant against free radicals and as a natural source of combating erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. The extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves could be useful therapeutically as erectogenic agent.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 265-276, 2018
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of Some Agrimonia eupatoria Extracts." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 1 (March 3, 2013): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.1.152-160.
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The antibacterial activity of some extracts of A. eupatoria (aqueous and ethanolic) against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) and their activity on wound healing in rats , also the presence of some active compounds in both extracts were detected . The results showed that the ethanolic extract was more effective on inhibiting tested bacteria than the aqueous extract . P.aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria, while highest inhibition zone appeared on E.coli (20 mm) .There was a moderate activity against S.aureus with inhibition zone 15 mm. by using ethanolic extract (10 mg/ml) . The phytochemical analysis for detection of active compounds revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Glycosides and Tannins in both extracts, while some of compounds such as Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds (flavonoids) were detected in the ethanolic but not in the aqueous extracts. Prepared ethanolic extract ointment presented obvious activity on wound healing activity in rats in contrast with fucidin ointment and aqueous extract ointment, hence the wound healing was completed in l0 days by using the ethanolic extract ointment, while it was 12 days and 14 days for the aqueous extract ointment and fucidin ointment respectively, in comparison with the untreated wound which needed more than 16 days for healing completion.
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Erhatić, Renata, Dijana Horvat, Zoran Zorić, Maja Repajić, Tanja Jović, Martina Herceg, Matea Habuš, and Siniša Srečec. "Aqueous Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants and Their Allelopathic Effects on Germination and Seedlings: Their Morphometric Characteristics of Three Horticultural Plant Species." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042258.
Full textAbstract:
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesizing and excreting compounds that can affect the growth of various organisms, i.e., plant species. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts, obtained from plant species chia (Salvia hispanica L.), black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), and nettle (Urtica dioica L.), on the seed germination growth and morphometric characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings in laboratory conditions. Pepper, spinach, and lettuce seedlings were treated with aqueous extracts of chia, nettle, wormwood, and black cumin of different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively). The aqueous extracts were prepared according to the method developed by Norsworthy and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Phytochemical composition of chia aqueous extracts showed the highest content (above the 1 mg L−1) of epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin and cinnamic acid in the comparison with others from the total of 19 detected chemical compounds. In aqueous extracts of black cumin, there were six compounds detected in content above 1 mg L−1, i.e., epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol. The same compounds were the most abundant in wormwood extracts, along with gallic acid. Epicatechin and esculetin were only two compounds detected in aqueous extract of nettle in concentration higher than 1 mg L−1. According to the results of this study, only the treatment of spinach seeds with chia aqueous extract in concentration of 2.5% before germination stimulates the germination of spinach seeds, and wormwood herbs and chia extracts in concentrations of 2.5 and 5% stimulate the germination of lettuce seeds and the growth of hypocotyl and radicle length of developed seedlings. The treatment of pepper and lettuce seeds with aqueous extract of nettle in concentration of 10% completely inhibited seed germination.
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Lee, Jae Kwon, Jeong Hwa Kim, Mina Jo, Balamurugan Rangachari, and Jin Kyu Park. "Anti-Nosemosis Activity of Aster scaber and Artemisia dubia Aqueous Extracts." Journal of Apicultural Science 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In our previous study, we demonstrated that the ethanol extracts of Artemisia dubia (A. dubia) and Aster scaber (A. scaber) have anti-nosemosis activity. In our present study, we intend to establish the anti-nosemosis activity of aqueous, ethyl acetate (EA), and butanol (BuOH) extracts of A. dubia and A. scaber. In order to determine the optimal dose, we performed both in vitro and in vivo toxicity for all the extracts and also carried out anti-nosemosis experiments. Although all of the extracts (aqueous, EA, and BuOH) showed in vitro and in vivo anti-nosemosis activity in a dose-dependent manner, the aqueous extracts of A. dubia and A. scaber showed more potent anti-nosemosis activity than the EA and BuOH extracts. Moreover, an aqueous extract of A. dubia + A. scaber demonstrated stronger anti-nosemosis activity compared with the aqueous extracts of either A. dubia or A. scaber alone. Although the main ingredients in A. dubia and A. scaber remain unclear, our results suggest that the active components of A. dubia and A. scaber could dissolve in the aqueous fraction.