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Academic literature on the topic 'Aqueous solution methods'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

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Persson, Ingmar, Josephina Werner, Olle Björneholm, Yina Salamanca Blanco, Önder Topel, and Éva G. Bajnóczi. "Solution chemistry in the surface region of aqueous solutions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1106.

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AbstractSolution chemistry is commonly regarded as the physical chemistry of reactions and chemical equilibria taking place in the bulk of a solvent, and between solutes in solution, and solids or gases in contact with the solution. Our knowledge about such reactions and equilibria in aqueous solution is very detailed such as their physico–chemical constants at varying temperature, pressure, ionic medium and strength. In this paper the solution chemistry in the surface region of aqueous solutions, down to ca. 10 Å below the water–air interface, will be discussed. In this region, the density and relative permittivity are significantly smaller than in the aqueous bulk strongly affecting the chemical behaviour of solutes. Surface sensitive X-ray spectroscopic methods have recently been applicable on liquids and solutions by use of liquid jets. This allows the investigation of the speciation of compounds present in the water–air interface and the surface region, a region hardly studied before. Speciation studies show overwhelmingly that neutral molecules are accumulated in the surface region, while charged species are depleted from it. It has been shown that the equilibria between aqueous bulk, surface region, solids and/or air are very fast allowing effective transport of chemicals over the aqueous surface region.

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Shapovalov, Serghiy, and Yana Kiseliova. "Association of Thymolsulfonephthalein and Cresolsulfonephthalein Anions with Cationic Cyanines in Aqueous Solution." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2010): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.04.271.

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The formation of associates between one- or two-charged anions of sulfonephthalein dyes – thymolsulfonephthalein, cresolsulfonephthalein – and cyanine cations (pinacyanol, quinaldine red) has been considered in aqueous solution. Equilibrium association constants have been determined using spectrophotometric data. By semiempirical methods the enthalpy of formation and the eventual structure of ions and associates have been established.

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Fateev, A. I., S. I. Krivosheev, V. A. Kvitsinnsky, and T. G. Shendrik. "METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SODIUM IN THE PROCESS OF WATER WASHING OF SALTY COAL." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2020.2.

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Coal with high content of alkaline and alkaline earth metals (salty coal) occupies its definite place in an energy reserve of the country. Standard methods to assess the dynamics of the release of salts (mainly sodium chloride) into the aqueous solution during the desalting of salty coal were used. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for determining the sodium content in aqueous solutions are considered. The principle of operation of the upgraded spectral complex KSVU-5 based on the determination of the content of alkali metals in aqueous solutions by the method of atomic emission analysis is presented. The remarkable reproducibility of the measurements results on the spectral complex of small and large concentration of Na in solution is shown. The results of an experimental study of the desalting process by water washing of salty coal samples of various size classes (in the range 0-5 mm) and analysis of the obtained solutions by the spectral complex KSVU-5 are presented. Comparison of the sodium concentration in solutions during the desalting of salty coal obtained by atomic absorption and atomic emission analysis was performed. The possibility of using express analysis (Conductivity/TDS) to determine the concentration of sodium in solution is shown. Ref. 8, Fig. 6.

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Polishсhuk, Viktor, Svetlana Tarasenko, Ievgen Antypov, Nataliya Kozak, Andrii Zhyltsov, and Oleksandr Okushko. "Study of Methods of Biodiesel Neutralization with Aqueous Solution of Lymonic Acid." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015402007.

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At the article is to determining an effective way to neutralize biodiesel and install optimal and rational parameters of biodiesel neutralization. The investigation of the efficiency of biodiesel neutralization was carried out by mixing it with aqueous citric acid solution (volumetric method) and by spraying an aqueous solution of citric acid over a layer of biodiesel (aerosol method).

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Ullah, Rafique, Biplob Kumer Deb, and Mohammad Yousuf Ali Mollah. "Studies on the Treatment of Wastewaters Containing Cr⁶⁺ with Iron Oxide-Silica Composite Materials Prepared by Different Methods." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.33.

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Chromium (VI) is known to be carcinogenic to humans and thus it is important to ensure the removal of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents. The present study introduces a good alternative method for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions at ambient temperature by adsorption, allowing the development of newer, lower operational cost, and more efficient technology than other processes already in use. Adsorption was found to be dependent on pH and initial concentration of Cr (VI) solution. Results of adsorption studies suggest that pristine iron oxide and silicon (IV) oxide removes 72.10% and 24.73%, respectively. The iron oxide – silicon (IV) oxide composite, prepared in this work, removes 93.88% Cr (VI) in 20 minutes from aqueous solution at an initial concentration of 50 mgL-1at pH 4.8 ± 0.2. The effect of concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and solution pH on the adsorption of Cr (VI) were studied in detail in batch experiments. Studies of the sorption kinetics shows that equilibrium adsorption was attained in 20 minutes depending on other experimental conditions. The kinetic data justified Lagergren’s first-order kinetic equation. Adsorption isotherm study showed that the results fulfilled the Langmuir Model of adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption (98.28%) was recorded at pH 3 in 90 minutes for the initial Cr (VI) concentration of 50 mg L-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that iron oxide – silicon (IV) oxide composite is a potential adsorbent for adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution.

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Terazima, Masahide, and Seung Min Park. "Photoinduced cooling of Eu3+ aqueous solution probed by the photothermal methods." Chemical Physics Letters 228, no. 4-5 (October 1994): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00954-6.

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Reytblat, Irena, Keren Keinan-Adamsky, Jordan H. Chill, Hugo E. Gottlieb, Aharon Gedanken, and Gil Goobes. "NMR studies of DNA microcapsules prepared using sonochemical methods." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 3 (2015): 2235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04312j.

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8

Wu, Xi Long, Li Mao, Da Ke Qin, and Shen Zhou Lu. "Impact of Sterilization Methods on the Stability of Silk Fibroin Solution." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1755.

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Different sterilization techniques such as Co(60) gamma irradiation and autoclaving were used to treat the regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (RSF) in aqueous solutions. The effect of the two above mentioned sterilization methods on the conformational changes and gelation rate of RSF was studied. According to the analysis of circular dichroism spectroscopy, gamma irradiation may initiate the conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet for RSF, while autoclaving shows less significant influence on the structure changes of RSF in aqueous solutions. The results also indicate that gelation time decreased to 5 days after γ-irradiation treatment while gelation time increased to 31 days after autoclave treatment. Moreover, particles of RSF in solutions changed larger and gelation time increased when autoclaving treatment time extended. However, no detectable changes of RSF secondary structure were found investigated by XRD and FTIR. Which indicated that under both sterilization methods, the RSF structure was transformed from random coil to β-sheet structure after gelation.

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Xu, Binkai, Xiangdong Liu, and Bo Zhou. "Calculation Methods of Solution Chemical Potential and Application in Emulsion Microencapsulation." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102991.

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Several new biased sampling methods were summarized for solution chemical potential calculation methods in the field of emulsion microencapsulation. The principles, features, and calculation efficiencies of various biased Widom insertion sampling methods were introduced, including volume detection bias, simulation ensemble bias, and particle insertion bias. The proper matches between various types of solution in emulsion and biased Widom methods were suggested, following detailed analyses on the biased insertion techniques. The volume detection bias methods effectively improved the accuracy of the data and the calculation efficiency by inserting detection particles and were suggested to be used for the calculation of solvent chemical potential for the homogeneous aqueous phase of the emulsion. The chemical potential of water, argon, and fluorobenzene (a typical solvent of the oil phase in double emulsion) was calculated by a new, optimized volume detection bias proposed by this work. The recently developed Well-Tempered(WT)-Metadynamics method skillfully constructed low-density regions for particle insertion and dynamically adjusted the system configuration according to the potential energy around the detection point, and hence, could be used for the oil-polymer mixtures of microencapsulation emulsion. For the macromolecule solutes in the oil or aqueous phase of the emulsion, the particle insertion bias could be applied to greatly increase the success rate of Widom insertions. Readers were expected to choose appropriate biased Widom methods to carry out their calculations on chemical potential, fugacity, and solubility of solutions based on the system molecular properties, inspired by this paper.

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Korenkova, O. B., A. V. Radkevich, and N. I. Voronik. "Radionuclide 106Ru behavior in aqueous solutions by ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and centrifugation methods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 3 (September 5, 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-3-331-339.

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The paper presents the results of 106Ru radionuclide behavior regularities study in aqueous solutions in a wide pH range by ultrafiltration, ion exchange and centrifugation methods. The regions of 106Ru various species existence in solution have been established: cationic 106Ru species at pH < 3.5; the transition region of non-ionic species formation in the range of pH 3.5–4.2 and the region of non-ionic species predominant formation at pH > 4.2. A characteristic feature of the studied solutions is the formation of non-ionic particles by microconcentrations of 106Ru via pseudocolloids at lower pH values as compared to ruthenium solutions with a concentration of 10-6–10-4 mol/dm3. The established regularities of the behavior of ruthenium radionuclides can be utilized to increase the efficiency of ion exchange and membrane separation methods at nuclear and radiation facilities for technological solutions and liquid radioactive waste treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

1

Virtanen, Vesa. "Determination of clodronate and clodronic acid esters in aqueous solutions and urine using different analytical methods." Oulu, Finland : Dept. of Chemistry, University of Oulu, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34155043.html.

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Körtvélyesi, Zsolt. "Analytical Methods for the Measurement of Chlorine Dioxide and Related Oxychlorine Species in Aqueous Solution." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1088030135.

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Hochstrasser-Kurz, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Mechanistic Study of the Corrosion Reactions on WC-Co Hardmetal in Aqueous Solution – An Investigation by Electrochemical Methods and Elemental Solution Analysis / Sabine Hochstrasser-Kurz." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170529100/34.

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Suhandy, Diding. "Studies on Glucose and L-Ascorbic Acid Determination in Aqueous Solution Using FTIR-ATR Terahertz Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Methods." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175067.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17638号
農博第2000号
新制||農||1012(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4759(農学部図書室)
30404
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授近藤直, 准教授小川雄一, 教授清水浩
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Gabes, Yamina. "Étude de la faisabilité et mise au point d'un dispositif de mesure des équilibres liquide-vapeur : application à l'étude des solutions aqueuses d'électrolytes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL104N.

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L’objectif du présent travail concerne la construction d'un dispositif manométrique statique destiné à mesurer la pression de vapeur totale à l'équilibre au-dessus de solutions aqueuses d'électrolytes. Deux dispositifs ont été construits. Le premier a permis de mettre au point le protocole expérimental permettant, en particulier, de faire des séries de mesures à composition constante. Le second a été construit avec une instrumentation de haut niveau. Le système H2O-NaCl a été étudié entre la température ambiante et 100°C environ et les résultats expérimentaux ont été traités à l'aide des modèles de PITZER et NRTL-électrolytes. Des ultimes améliorations du dispositif sont proposées afin d'atteindre une précision moyenne de l'ordre de 0,1% avec une durée d'expérimentation optimisée

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Zanain, Mabrouk Ali Masaud. "Removal of low concentrations of silver from aqueous solutions using adsorption methods." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678471.

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Lilly, Arnys Clifton. "Monte Carlo simulation of aqueous dilute solutions of polyhydric alcohols." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54388.

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In order to investigate the details of hydrogen bonding and solution molecular conformation of complex alcohols in water, isobaric-isothermal Monte Carlo simulations were carried out on several systems. The solutes investigated were ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol and glycerol. In addition, propane, which does not hydrogen bond but does form water hydrates, was simulated in aqueous solution. The complex alcohol-water systems are very nonideal in their behavior as a function of solute concentration down to very dilute solutions. The water model employed was TIP4P water¹ and the intermolecular potentials employed are of the Jorgensen type² in which the interactions between the molecules are represented by interaction sites usually located on nuclei. The interactions are represented by a sum of Coulomb and Lennard-Jones terms between all intermolecular pairs of sites. Intramolecular rotations in the solute are modeled by torsional potential energy functions taken from ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol for C-O and C-C bond rotations. Quasi-component pair correlation functions were used to analyze the hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds were classified as proton acceptor and proton donor bonds by analyzing the nearest neighbor pair correlation function between hydroxyl oxygen and hydrogen and between solvent-water hydrogen and oxygen. The results obtained for partial molar heats of solution are more negative than the experimental values by 3.0 to 14 kcal/mol. In solution, all solutes reached a contracted molecular geometry with the OH groups generally on one side of the molecule. There is a tendency for the solute OH groups to hydrogen bond with water, with more proton acceptor bonds than proton donor bonds. The water-solute binding energies correlate with experimental measurements of the water-binding properties of the solute. 1. Jorgensen, W.L. et al, J. Chem. Phys., 79, 926 (1983). 2. Jorgensen, W.L., J. Phys Chem., 87, 5304 (1983).
Ph. D.

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8

Liu, Deqi. "Thermomechanical modeling of the solidification process of an aqueous urea solution." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI029.

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De nombreux liquides subissent un changement de volume lorsqu'ils gèlent. Pour l'eau et certaines solutions aqueuses, l'expansion volumétrique au cours de la solidification peut entraîner une série de problèmes mécaniques. Dans l'industrie automobile, l'expansion de changement de phase (ECP) met en cause la sécurité des réservoirs des véhicules aux saisons froides. Une des questions les plus problématiques est l'expansion de la solution aqueuse d'urée (SAU) dans le réservoir du système SCR des véhicules diesels. Lorsque le liquide gèle, les composants intérieurs ainsi que le réservoir lui-même peuvent être endommagés dû à la pression apportée par la dilatation du liquide solidifié. Dans le centre , une méthode numérique est fortement attendue afin de prévoir la répartition de la température, des contraintes ainsi que de la déformation des composants lors d'un processus de solidification. Du fait que les informations sur la solution d'urée restent limitées, la structure de la glace cristalline ainsi que ses comportements mécaniques sont principalement passés en revue. La préférence d'orientation de croissance des grains de glace à l'interface de cristallisation met en évidence, l'hypothèse de l'ECP non-isotropique pour des problèmes de solidification. Une série de tests mécaniques a été réalisée afin d'obtenir les propriétés basiques de SAU à l'état solide à différentes températures. Une méthode « différence-volume » a été appliquée pour mesurer la variation de la densité de la SAU lors du processus de solidification. Pour la suite, des études analytiques thermiques et mécaniques sont effectuées. Pour l'aspect thermique, le problème classique de Stefan est passé en revue. Un schéma de différence-finie est proposé et il permet de calculer la position de l'interface et les profils de température pour un modèle sphérique. Pour l'aspect mécanique, un modèle sphérique similaire est établi à la base de l'ECP non-isotropique. Les solutions analytiques des contraintes et de la pression liquide sont présentées en fonction de la position de l'interface. Une méthode éléments-finis thermo-mécaniquement couplée est développée afin de simuler efficacement les contraintes thermiques, les déformations et la pression liquide dans un problème de solidification avec des relations constitutives de comportement non-linéaires. Les contraintes thermiques sont calculées en chaque point d'intégration en résolvant les équations elasto-viscoplastiques avec l'ECP non-isotropique. Le problème aux limites est résolu par la méthode de Newton-Raphson. Cette procédure est implémentée dans le package Abaqus via un UMAT. La méthode est validée d'abord pour les aspects algorithmiques par les solutions analytiques, puis pour les paramètres de comportement retenus par une série de tests expérimentaux. De plus, une étude de cas réaliste sur un réservoir de la SAU est introduite. Les avantages et les limitations de la méthode numérique lors d'une application sont évalués
Many liquids involve a change in volume when they freeze. For water and some aqueous solutions, the volumetric expansion during solidification may invoke a series of mechanical issues. In automobile industries, the security of tanks installed in vehicles is challenged by the Phase-Change Expansion (PCE) of the freezing liquid in cold conditions. One of the most problematic issues is the expansion of Aqueous Urea Solution (AUS) in the SCR tank of diesel vehicles. As the liquid freezes, interior components may be deformed under the stress or pressure of the expanding AUS, potentially leading to failures of the storage tank. In the product center, a numerical method is of high demand to perform thermo-mechanical analysis to predict the temperature and stress distribution during a liquid solidification process in their tanks. In this work, a bibliographic study is carried out first on the basic knowledge of the ice and AUS. Due to the very limited information on urea solution in the literature, the structure and behaviors of freshwater ice are mainly reviewed. The grain orientation preference at the growth interface of polycrystalline ice provides the evidence of non-isotropic PCE for the solidification problem. A series of mechanical tests have been performed to characterize the basic properties of the solidified AUS at different temperatures. The density evolution is measured using a volume-difference method. Then, both thermal and mechanical analytical studies are performed. The classical thermal Stefan problem is reviewed and a finite-difference scheme is proposed to calculate the interface position and temperature profiles of a spherical solidification model. Mechanically, a similar spherical model is established based on the non-isotropic PCE phenomenon of ice growth. The solutions of stress distribution and liquid pressure evolution are given as a function of the solidification interface position. Finally, an efficient thermo-mechanical FEM is proposed to evaluate the thermal stress, strain, displacement and pressure in solidification problems with highly nonlinear relations. Three particular methods for treating the liquid phase with fixed-grid approaches are introduced. The thermal stress is computed at each integration point by integrating the elasto-viscoplastic constitutive equations with non-isotropic PCE. Then, the boundary value problem is solved using the full Newton-Raphson method. This procedure is implemented into the FE package Abaqus via a UMAT subroutine. The numerical model is validated first for the algorithmic aspect by the analytical solutions, and then for the parametric calibration by a series of benchmark tests. In the end, a realistic study case on a real-size AUS storage tank is introduced. Advantages and limitations of the numerical method in the application are evaluated

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BINANA-LIMBELE. "Contribution a l'etude des amphiphiles en solution aqueuse par les methodes de fluorescence." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13077.

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La technique de fluorescence a ete utilisee pour etudier differents types de solutions aqueuses d'amphiphiles et de polyamphiphiles. Elle permet d'acceder a certains parametres statiques (tels que le nombre moyen d'agregation des tensioactifs dans une micelle, la conformation des polyamphiphiles en solution aqueuse) mais aussi a des parametres sur la dynamique des micelles si celles-ci rentrent en collision

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10

Pötschke, Markus. "Simulation of electric field-assisted nanowire growth from aqueous solutions." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-194735.

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The present work is aimed at investigating the mechanisms of nanowire growth from aqueous solutions through a physical and chemical modeling. Based on this modeling, deriving an optimized process control is intended. The work considers two methods of nanowire growth. The first is the dielectrophoretic nanowire assembly from neutral molecules or metal clusters. Secondly, in the directed electrochemical nanowire assembly metal-containing ions are reduced in an AC electric field in the vicinity of the nanowire tip and afterwards deposited at the nanowire surface. To describe the transport and growth processes, continuum models are employed. Furthermore, it has been necessary to consider electro-kinetic fluid flows to match the experimental observations. The occurring partial differential equations are solved numerically by means of finite element method (FEM). The effect of the process parameters on the nanowire growth are analyzed by comparing experimental results to a parameter study. The evaluation has yielded that an AC electro-osmotic fluid flow has a major influence on the dielectrophoretic nanowire assembly regarding the growth velocity and morphology. In the case of directed electrochemical nanowire assembly, the nanowire morphology can be controlled by the applied AC signal shape. Based on the nanowire growth model, an optimized AC signal has been designed, whose parametrization allows to adjust to the chemical precursor and the desired nanowire diameter
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, mittels physikalischer und chemischer Modelle die Mechanismen des Nanodrahtwachstums aus wässrigen Lösungen zu erforschen und daraus eine optimierte Prozesskontrolle abzuleiten. Dabei werden zwei Verfahren des Nanodrahtwachstums näher betrachtet: Dies sind die dielektrophoretische Assemblierung von neutralen Molekülen oder Metallclustern sowie die gerichtete elektrochemische Nanodrahtabscheidung (engl. directed electrochemical nanowire assembly), bei der metallhaltige Ionen im elektrischen Wechselfeld an der Nanodrahtspitze zunächst reduziert und anschließend als Metallatome abgeschieden werden. Zur Beschreibung der Transport- und Wachstumsprozesse werden Kontinuumsmodelle eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus hat es sich als notwendig erwiesen, elektrokinetische Fluidströmungen zu berücksichtigen, um die experimentellen Beobachtungen zu reproduzieren. Die auftretenden partiellen Differenzialgleichungen werden mittels der Finiten Elemente Methode (FEM) numerisch gelöst. Die Auswirkungen der Prozessparameter auf das Nanodrahtwachstum werden durch den Vergleich von experimentellen Ergebnissen mit Parameterstudien analysiert. Die Auswertung hat ergeben, dass für das dielektrophoretische Wachstum ein durch Wechselfeldelektroosmose (engl. AC electro-osmosis) angetriebener Fluidstrom die Drahtwachstumsgeschwindigkeit und -morphologie maßgeblich beeinflusst. Im Falle der gerichteten elektrochemischen Nanodrahtabscheidung lässt sich die Drahtmorphologie über das angelegte elektrische Wechselsignal steuern. Unter Verwendung des Wachstumsmodells ist ein optimiertes Signal generiert worden, dessen Parametrisierung eine gezielte Anpassung auf den chemischen Ausgangsstoff und den gewünschten Drahtdurchmesser erlaubt

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Books on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

1

Eichbaum, B. R. Method for recovering anhydrous ZnCl₂ from aqueous solutions. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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Handbook of aqueous electrolyte solutions: Physical properties, estimation, and correlation methods. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1985.

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Gaans-Godfroy, Pauline Francisca Maria van. The Pitzer model applied to aqueous GaCl₃ solutions with evaluation of regression methods. [Utrecht: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 1990.

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Bolch, Wesley Emmett. Monte Carlo simulation of indirect damage to biomolecules irradiated in aqueous solution--the radiolysis of glycylglycine. 1988.

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Horvath, A. L. Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Physical Properties, Estimation, and Correlation Methods (Ellis Horwood Series in Physical Chemistry). Ellis Horwood Ltd, 1986.

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Araújo, Ana Cláudia Vaz de. Síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e nanocompósitos com polianilina. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-120-2.

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In this work magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the precipitation method from an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution under ultrasound. A 23 factorial design in duplicate was carried out to determine the best synthesis conditions and to obtain the smallest crystallite sizes. Selected conditions were ultrasound frequency of 593 kHz for 40 min in 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH medium. Average crystallite sizes were of the order of 25 nm. The phase obtained was identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as magnetite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polydisperse particles with dimensions around 57 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed average particle diameters around 29 nm, in the same order of magnitude of the crystallite size determined with Scherrer’s equation. These magnetic nanoparticles were used to obtain nanocomposites with polyaniline (PAni). The material was prepared under exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) or under heating, from dispersions of the nanoparticles in an acidic solution of aniline. Unlike other synthetic routes reported elsewhere, this new route does not utilize any additional oxidizing agent. XRD analysis showed the appearance of a second crystalline phase in all the PAni-Fe3O4 composites, which was indexed as goethite. Furthermore, the crystallite size decreases nearly 50 % with the increase in the synthesis time. This size decrease suggests that the nanoparticles are consumed during the synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the amount of polyaniline increases with synthesis time. The nanocomposite electric conductivity was around 10-5 S cm-1, nearly one order of magnitude higher than for pure magnetite. Conductivity varied with the amount of PAni in the system, suggesting that the electric properties of the nanocomposites can be tuned according to their composition. Under an external magnetic field the nanocomposites showed hysteresis behavior at room temperature, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials. Saturation magnetization (MS) for pure magnetite was ~ 74 emu g-1. For the PAni-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, MS ranged from ~ 2 to 70 emu g-1, depending on the synthesis conditions. This suggests that composition can also be used to control the magnetic properties of the material.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

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Dorhout, P. K., and H. Steinfink. "From Aqueous Solution." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 262–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145203.ch164.

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Towl, A. D. C. "In the Cathodic Reduction of Dioxygen in Aqueous Solution." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 159–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145159.ch100.

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Larsen, Randy W., Carissa M. Vetromile, William A. Maza, Khoa Pham, and Jaroslava Mikšovská. "Exploring Biomolecular Thermodynamics in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Environments Using Time-Resolved Photothermal Methods." In Proteins in Solution and at Interfaces, 449–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118523063.ch23.

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Triolo, Roberto, Fabrizio Lo Celso, Valerio Benfante, Alessandro Triolo, Albrecht Wiedenmann, and Sigrid Bernstorff. "Small angle scattering study of poly(methylmethacrylate)-blockpoly(ethylene oxide) block co-polymer in aqueous solution." In Scattering Methods and the Properties of Polymer Materials, 79–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b107333.

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de Almeida, Érica Janaina Rodrigues, Guilherme Dilarri, and Carlos Renato Corso. "Evaluation of the Toxicity of Azo Dyes by Allium cepa and Study to Remove These Compounds in Aqueous Solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 297–309. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2_15.

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Motokawa, Ryuhei, Satoshi Koizumi, Masahiko Annaka, Takayuki Nakahira, and Takeji Hashimoto. "Ultra-small- and small-angle neutron scattering studies of self-assembly in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) aqueous solution." In Scattering Methods and the Properties of Polymer Materials, 85–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b139119.

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Eggeling, C., J. Widengren, R. Rigler, and C. A. M. Seidel. "Photostability of Fluorescent Dyes for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: Mechanisms and Experimental Methods for Estimating Photobleaching in Aqueous Solution." In Applied Fluorescence in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, 193–240. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59903-3_10.

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Templeton, J. L. "From Aqueous Cr(II) Solutions." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 60–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145296.ch47.

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Minds, Gunnar, and Jesper Nyvad. "New Drying Methods for Aqueous Solutions at Low Temperatures." In Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, 179–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1454-7_17.

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Nohara, A., M. Kageyama, S. Kuroki, and I. Ando. "A study of structure and dynamics of water and lysozyme protein in aqueous solution by pulsed-high-field-gradient spin-echo 1>H NMR and 17>O NMR methods." In From Colloids to Nanotechnology, 173–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45119-8_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

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Persson, Ingmar, George Maroulis, and Theodore E. Simos. "Experimental Structural Studies of Solutes in Aqueous Solution." In Computational Methods in Science and Engineering. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2827048.

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Pribil, Andreas B., Viwat Vchirawongkwin, Thomas S. Hofer, Bernhard R. Randolf, Theodore E. Simos, and George Maroulis. "Structure and Dynamics of Composite Anions in Aqueous Solution." In COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Theory and Computation: Old Problems and New Challenges. Lectures Presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering 2007 (ICCMSE 2007): VOLUME 1. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2836242.

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Romero, Arturo, Pablo Casanova, Norma Caballero, Magna M. Monteiro, and Christian E. Schaerer. "Mathematical modeling of lead removal by natural hydroxyapatite from aqueous solution." In XXXVIII Iberian-Latin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering. Florianopolis, Brazil: ABMEC Brazilian Association of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cilamce2017-0763.

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Nakayama, Akira. "A QM/MM study of absorption spectra of uracil derivatives in aqueous solution." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2016 (ICCMSE 2016). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4968644.

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Tchaikovskaya, Olga N., Irina V. Sokolova, and Nataliya B. Sultimova. "Investigation of phenol phototransformation in aqueous solution by electronic spectroscopy and luminescence methods." In Sixth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Vladimir P. Lukin. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.370536.

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Sun, Jian, Lin Fu, Shigang Zhang, and Wei Hou. "Concentration Measurement of Lithium Bromide Aqueous Solution by Electrical Resistivity." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37350.

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Absorption chillers have currently become an important device in saving energy because of its effectiveness in utilizing low grade heat. Lithium bromide is widely used as absorbent in this system. But there were few outstanding concentration measurement methods in practice before. In this paper, complete electrical resistivity data of lithium bromide aqueous solution for concentration measurement was given. The electrical resistivity of lithium bromide aqueous solution was measured at concentrations of 35–70 wt% of lithium bromide and temperatures of 10–100°C. Results of this work can meet the requirement of concentration measurement of lithium bromide in absorption chillers without extracting samples.

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Liu, Qingqing, and Xiaoyan Li. "Study on Adsorption of U(VI) From Aqueous Solution by Activated MgO." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67922.

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The activated MgO was synthesized by microwave homo-precipitator method and characterized by SEM, EDS and FT-IR methods. It was used to adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution with batch system. The paper discussed the effect of pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial U(VI) concentration on the adsorption. The results showed that activated MgO has good adsorption capacity for U(VI), the removal rate and equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 83.5% and 84.04mg·g−1 at pH 5.0, 15mg dose and 313K,respectively. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) onto activated MgO were better fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic.The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model.The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.

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Yang, Hee-Man, Kune Woo Lee, Bum-Kyoung Seo, and Jei Kwon Moon. "Preparation Methods of Copper-Ferrocyanide Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Removal of Cesium in Aqueous Solution." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96302.

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Copper ferrocyanide functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Cu-FC-MNPs) were successfully synthesized by the immobilization of copper and ferrocyanide on the surface of [1-(2 amino-ethyl)-3-aminopropyl] trimethoxysilane modified magnetite nanoparticles. A radioactive cesium (Cs) adsorption test was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Cu-FC-MNPS for the removal of radioactive Cs. Furthermore, the Cu-FC-MNPs showed excellent separation ability by an external magnet in an aqueous solution.

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Tatarintsev, Andrey, Anton Shishlyannikov, Konstantin Rudenko, Alexander Rogozhin, and Alexey Yeshkin. "TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE CONTRASTS OF THE ELECTRON HSQ RESIST AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT." In International Forum “Microelectronics – 2020”. Joung Scientists Scholarship “Microelectronics – 2020”. XIII International conference «Silicon – 2020». XII young scientists scholarship for silicon nanostructures and devices physics, material science, process and analysis. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1593.silicon-2020/179-182.

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In this work a study of the dependence of the contrast value of a negative electron resist based on hydrogensilsesquioxane was carried out in the process of development in an aqueous alkaline-salt solution of NaOH-NaCl at different temperatures, and a similar study was carried out for a widespread method of development in a 25% TMAH solution.

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Dikici, Birce, and Matthew J. Lehman. "Study of Surface Tension and Natural Evaporation of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7281.

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Surface tension and solution evaporation of aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), ECOSURF™ EH-14, and ECOSURF™ SA-9 under natural convection is examined through experimental methods. SLS is an anionic surfactant while EH-14 and SA-9 are environmentally-friendly nonionic surfactants. Surfactants are known to affect evaporation performance of solutions and are studied in relation to water loss prevention and heat dissipation. Surfactants could be useful under drought conditions which present challenges to water management on a yearly basis in arid areas of the world. Recent water scarcity in the greater Los Angeles area, south eastern Africa nations, eastern Australia and eastern Mediterranean countries has high cost of water loss by evaporation. Surfactants are studied as a potential method of suppressing evaporation in water reservoirs. Surfactants are also studied as performance enhancers for the working fluid of heat dissipation devices, such as pulsating heat pipes used for electronics cooling. Some surfactants have been shown to lower thermal resistances and friction pressure in such devices and thereby increase their efficiency. The static surface tensions of the aqueous-surfactant solutions are measured with surface tensiometer using Wilhelmy plate method. The surfactants are shown to lower surface tension significantly from pure water. The surface tension values found at the Critical Micelle Concentration are 33.8 mN/m for SLS, 30.3 mN/m for EH-14, and 30.0 mN/m for SA-9. All three surfactants reduced natural convection water loss over 5 days with SLS showing the greatest effect on evaporation rates. The maximum evaporation reduction by each surfactant from distilled water with no surfactants after 5 days is 26.1% for SLS, 20.8% for EH-14, and 18.4% for SA-9.

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Reports on the topic "Aqueous solution methods"

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Blair, W. R., F. E. Brinckman, and R. Paule. Intercomparison of methods for the identification and quantitation of butyltin species in aqueous solution. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4704.

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