Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aquifère côtier'
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Daher, Walid. "Etude de faisabilité de recharge artificielle dans un aquifère karstique côtier." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20226/document.
Full textManaged Aquifer Recharge MAR is an emerging sustainable technique used to solve water management problems. MAR presents great interest for karst aquifers, however known to present a high heterogeneity. MAR remains till date marginal in karst aquifers. Accordingly, the present work presents a methodology for Aquifer Rechargeability Assessment in Karst ARAK. The aim of ARAK is to determine the ability of a karst aquifer to be artificially recharged from its surface; and the best sites for implementing the recharge. Based on multi-criteria indexation analysis, ARAK considers 4 criteria: Epikarst, Rock, Infiltration, Karst. The criteria are indexed at each mesh of the 2 D grid domain, from geological and topographic data. ARAK computes the intrinsic rechargeability index, describing the rechargeability of a karst aquifer, on the regional scale, then on the identification of rechargeable sites. Subsequently, a feasibility factor, weighting the techn ical and economic difficulties of a recharge operation, is applied to the selected sites. The methodology, developed to reconcile the problems encountered to identify sites for MAR in karst, provides a useful tool to help water authorities to determine the potential of MAR in karst aquifers. ARAK was applied to Damour site (Lebanon). This coastal aquifer, source of water supply for Beirut, was salinated by its uncontrolled exploitation. A MAR system in Damour region should remediate to it. The four ARAK criteria were indexed and mapped. The final map showed that the aquifer is favorable to a recharge operation, and identified several potential rechargeable sites. However, the feasibility factor indicated that major difficulties hinder the use of infiltration ponds. The solution proposed consists of drilling a horizontal gallery for injecting river water. Water authorities consider that an aquifer recharge project could offer solutions for the shortage in water supply and the sea water intrusion
Moustadraf, Jalal. "Modélisation numérique d'un système aquifère côtier : étude de l'impact de la sécheresse et de l'intrusion marine (la Chaouia côtiere, Maroc)." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2360.
Full textThe Chaouia coastal aquifer in Morocco is under severe hydrological stress due to over-exploitation. Excessive pumping during the past decades in the Chaouia region has caused a significant lowering of groundwater level. A numerical assessement of seawater intrusion has been achieved applying a 3D variable density groundwater. SEAWAT 2000 computer code was used for simulating the spatial and temporal evolution of hydraulic heads and solute concentrations of groundwater. Sensitivity tests were led to judge the reactivity of the model in relation to the various parameters and constraints. The set of the results allows to have currently at disposal a representative numerical tool of the Chaouia coastal aquifer, usable in view of the qualitative and quantitative preservation of resources in water of this system
De, Montety Véronique. "Salinisation d'un aquifère captif côtier en contexte deltaïque - Cas de la Camargue (delta du Rhône, France) -." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336417.
Full textCette étude a été réalisée sur l'aquifère profond captif de Camargue dans le cadre de l'ORE RESYST. Cet aquifère présente des salinités élevées atteignant celle de la Méditerranée à proximité de la côte. Deux approches ont été menées conjointement : (i) une étude hydrodynamique en régime permanent et transitoire pour préciser le fonctionnement hydrogéologique de l'aquifère (flux, conditions aux limites, propriétés hydrodynamiques) et (ii) un suivi des traceurs naturels hydrochimiques et isotopiques (18O, 2H, 13C CMTD, 3H et 14C CMTD) permettant de déterminer l'origine de la salinité de l'aquifère.
Ce travail a mis en évidence le rôle de la partie libre de l'aquifère (aquifère de Crau) dans l'alimentation de l'aquifère captif. La forte augmentation de la salinité de l'aquifère captif depuis 1969 est ainsi principalement reliée à des baisses de charge naturelles ou anthropiques de l'aquifère de Crau. L'aquifère captif est soumis à des transferts de pression rapide depuis la mer mais également le Rhône qui s'accompagnent de transferts de masse très lents. En s'appuyant sur les rapports ioniques et isotopiques, ce travail a permis de démontrer que les fortes salinités de l'aquifère captif s'expliquent par un mélange eau douce/eau de mer fortement modifié par des interactions géochimiques : échanges de bases, processus de dégradation de la matière organique sédimentaire (sulfato-réduction, méthanogénèse), phénomènes de précipitations. Le temps moyen de séjour des eaux, supérieur à une cinquantaine d'année, témoigne de l'influence d'une intrusion marine ancienne en relation avec la dernière transgression marine (Holocène supérieur).
Faissolle, Frédéric. "Hydrogéologie, paléohydrogéologie et diagenèse d'un système aquifère carbonaté récifal côtier : Temae (île de Moorea, Polynésie française)." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30061.
Full textMontety, Véronique de. "Salinisation d'un aquifère captif côtier en contexte deltaïque : cas de la Camargue (delta du Rhône, France)." Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/64/17/PDF/These_V_de_Montety2008.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the salinization of confined coastal aquifers in relation with sea level variations (past, future) and human pressures. The deep confined aquifer of Camargue has been studied in the framework of the ORE RESYST. This aquifer shows high salinities reaching that of the Mediterranean Sea near the shoreline. Two approaches have been jointly carried out: (i) an hydrodynamic study in steady and transient flow to understand the hydrogeological behaviour of the aquifer (flows, boundary conditions, hydrodynamic properties) and (ii) a monitoring of hydrochemical and isotopic natural tracers (18O, 2H, 13CCMTD, 3H and 14CCMTD) to determine the origin of the salinity of the aquifer. This work highlights the influence of the unconfined part of the aquifer (Crau aquifer) on the recharge of the confined aquifer. Thus, the high increase of salinity in the aquifer since 1969 is mainly due to natural or anthropogenic head depletion within the Crau aquifer. The confined aquifer shows rapid pressure transfers both from the Sea and the Rhone River whereas mass transfers are very low. Ionic and isotopic ratios highlight that strong salinities of the aquifer are due to a freshwater/seawater mixing, which is highly modified by geochemical interactions: cationic exchange, sedimentary organic matter degradation (sulphate reduction, methanogenesis), precipitation phenomena. The mean residence time of water is higher than fifty years and reflects the influence of a former marine intrusion related to the last marine transgression (upper Holocene)
Arfib, Bruno. "Etude des circulations d'eaux souterraines en aquifère karstique côtier : observations et modélisation de la source saumâtre Almyros d'Héraklion, Crète (Grèce)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066388.
Full textArfib, Bruno. "ÉTUDE DES CIRCULATIONS D'EAUX SOUTERRAINES EN AQUIFÈRE KARSTIQUE CÔTIER : OBSERVATIONS ET MODÉLISATION DE LA SOURCE SAUMÂTRE ALMYROS D'HÉRAKLION, CRÈTE (GRÈCE)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789231.
Full textAbdoulkader, Houssein Ahmed. "Caractérisation hydrogéochimique et qualité des eaux souterraines du système aquifère volcano-sédimentaire côtier sous climat aride de Djibouti (Afrique de l'Est)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10186/document.
Full textSubterranean waters of the complex volcano-sedimentary aquifer system, exploited for drinking water supply of the Djibouti capital, undergo a degradation of their quality faced with high population growth, rural exodus, desertification which is accentuated in a context to severe arid climate. This degradation expresses itself by the salinization and the contamination of waters in direct relation with the overexploitation. The hydrogeochemical data were analyzed by using a combination of classic and statistical geochemical methods to estimate the quality in order to recognize the geochemical processes governing the chemistry of subterranean waters. The study indicated a variety of origins and processes of waters salinization. Our study has demonstrated that the anomaly of strong salinity is certainly due to the phenomenon of marine intrusion. The mixture of the groundwater sheet with some sea water is justified by the strong contents in chlorides. However, salinity is acquired by the contribution of another source of salt water resulting from the remobilization of old salt water, probably trapped in scorias. This second source of chlorinated water, is different from some current sea water by its cationic procession, and would correspond to sea water modified by the interaction with the basalt. Our study allowed highlighting that the reactions of inverse cationic exchange bounded to the marine intrusion and the geochemical dissolution processes are the geochemical characteristics of waters contaminated by marine waters. The study of the chemical water quality of various aquifers shows excessive contents in major elements exceeding widely the authorized thresholds. The contents in trace elements (Se, As) show an important contamination of groundwater of the coastal plain. The increase of the toxic elements is probably due to the influence of the volcanic formations and is stressed by the salt intrusion, related to an intensive exploitation
Abdoulkader, Houssein Ahmed. "Caractérisation hydrogéochimique et qualité des eaux souterraines du système aquifère volcano-sédimentaire côtier sous climat aride de Djibouti (Afrique de l'Est)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10186.
Full textSubterranean waters of the complex volcano-sedimentary aquifer system, exploited for drinking water supply of the Djibouti capital, undergo a degradation of their quality faced with high population growth, rural exodus, desertification which is accentuated in a context to severe arid climate. This degradation expresses itself by the salinization and the contamination of waters in direct relation with the overexploitation. The hydrogeochemical data were analyzed by using a combination of classic and statistical geochemical methods to estimate the quality in order to recognize the geochemical processes governing the chemistry of subterranean waters. The study indicated a variety of origins and processes of waters salinization. Our study has demonstrated that the anomaly of strong salinity is certainly due to the phenomenon of marine intrusion. The mixture of the groundwater sheet with some sea water is justified by the strong contents in chlorides. However, salinity is acquired by the contribution of another source of salt water resulting from the remobilization of old salt water, probably trapped in scorias. This second source of chlorinated water, is different from some current sea water by its cationic procession, and would correspond to sea water modified by the interaction with the basalt. Our study allowed highlighting that the reactions of inverse cationic exchange bounded to the marine intrusion and the geochemical dissolution processes are the geochemical characteristics of waters contaminated by marine waters. The study of the chemical water quality of various aquifers shows excessive contents in major elements exceeding widely the authorized thresholds. The contents in trace elements (Se, As) show an important contamination of groundwater of the coastal plain. The increase of the toxic elements is probably due to the influence of the volcanic formations and is stressed by the salt intrusion, related to an intensive exploitation
Aoun, Sebaiti Badra. "Gestion optimisée des ressources en eau d’une nappe côtière : application à la plaine d’Annaba (Nord-est Algérien)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10075/document.
Full textThe region of Annaba, situated in the North East of Algeria, contains in its underground water resources that represent a significant enough interest to feed people, water for agriculture and industry. This site is currently undergoing a gradual anthropogenic pressure becomes worrisome. Indeed, the continuous operation of the water has caused deterioration of water quality and negatively influenced the hydrodynamic equilibrium of the aquifer. It has also ensured the emergence of salt wedges even threatening in the short term and exploitation of the water and the proper functioning of wetlands.Based on the analytical results obtained for series of samples of more or less regular intervals, performed on the main measurement networks, we tried to identify key factors influencing the evolution of the physico-chemical water and delineate the advancing salt wedge. In this research, simulation models have proved to be very powerful tools to understand the hydrodynamic functioning of aquifers in the region of Annaba, situated north east of Algeria, taking into account the heterogeneity of environments. They have also highlighted a vulnerability of aquifers in coastal areas where there is inflow of the sea and stream chloride concentration large enough. The negative impacts on groundwater and ecosystems can become catastrophic if nothing is done to curb the problem.Models based on artificial neural networks have emerged as a powerful way to develop predictive relations between the different indicators of the management of water resources in the region. In this context of strong demand for water, only an integrated approach offers the possibility to manage these resources while respecting the natural environment, citizens' interests and those of economic actors. The research meets this need for integration, since the location and evaluation of groundwater resources, to protect their quality, but while evaluating the potential adverse effects. In this research, a new model of integrated management of water has been developed based on the relation of cause and effect addressing the entire cycle of water. Hydrological variables were developed and classified into five categories which are socio-economic constraints of pollution, water quality, impact of human activity and management of urban space and agriculture. The relevant variables were characterized using artificial neural networks, risk assessment on human health and the expert opinion. It has been demonstrated that a combination of practical measures necessary to ensure the sustainable management of water
Akouvi, Ari Edem. "Étude géochimique et hydrogéologique des eaux souterraines d'un bassin sédimentaire côtier en zone tropicale : implications sur la gestion, la protection et la préservation des ressources en eau du Togo (Afrique de l'Ouest)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066495.
Full textMartial, Jérémie-Sébastien. "Injection dans un aquifère volcanique côtier : approche hydrogéologique d'une alternative à la gestion d'effluents : cas de la distillerie de Savanna, Bois Rouge, île de la Réunion." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_14_Martial.pdf.
Full textBiofuels become, in more and more countries, the environmentally friendly solution against the prospect of the reduction fossil fuels. Nevertheless, one must know that the production of ethanol generates an important amount of highly concentrated organic liquid wastes. We examine different options of waste management. Then, we focus on deep-well injection as a possible solution in the case of the Distillery of Savanna, located at Bois Rouge, La Réunion, Indian Ocean. Under 80m of silty alluviums, the confined volcanic aquifer as target for injection is relevant. We find that clogging appears, due to suspended solids and to biological activity. We suggest that leakance explain the lack of influence on the observation wells. We also show that aquifer's characteristics have a transient behaviour, depending on the flow rate. Numerical simulations give a travel time of 4 years until the discharge into the ocean, where ecological surveys attest a highly positive influence on benthic fauna
Hoareau, Johan. "Utilisation d'une approche couplée hydrogéophysique pour l'étude des aquifères : application aux contextes de socle et côtier sableux." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10301.
Full textThe pertinence of any aquifer management plan relies o nthe knowledge of this system, and therefore on the information used to chearacterize it. The aim of this thesis is to quantify the improvement of this characterization when geophysical methods are used complementary to hydrogeological techniques. Two hydrogeological contexts have been selected for the study, as their characterization is often difficult while they gather important populations : cristalline hard rock aquifers, and the freshwater lens of sandy coastal aquifers. The results of a numerical study and its validation on two study site located in India reveal that the information brought by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) enable to precise the interpretation of pumping tests in hard rock areas. The uncertainly on transmissivity is reduced by an average of 39 % and by an average of 34 % for storativity. In a sandy coastal area, the combined use of water level measurements, Archie's law, time domain electromagnetism (TDEM) and MRS soundings enable to quantify the available freshwater volume. This volume would have been overstimated by 23 % with a more classical approach. Time lapse geophysics also enable to quantify the net recharge of the aquifer for 2008, as 142 mm (for a total rainfall of 2030 mm). As the site present an important geomagnetic field heterogeneity, a new protocol for the acquisition and the interpretation of MRS data has been tested and validated. It is based on the measurements of spin echo signals. It enables to constrain the estimation of water content on this site, which under-estimate by 29 % by the classicla protocol
Poignant, Loik. "Héritages morphostructural et climatique du drainage cénozoïque d'un bassin versant côtier : exemples de la Dives et des marais de Vimont (Normandie, France), implications hydrogéologiques sur la nappe aquifère du Dogger." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC202.
Full textThe Armorican block, structured by the Cadomian and Variscan orogenesis, was partially covered in the Mesozoic by vast marine platforms where the marl and limestone of the Paris Basin were deposited. From the end of the Upper Cretaceous, alpine compressive deformations lead to an emergence of the nord-eastern border of the Armorican Massif (Normandy). Jurassic and Cretaceous lands undergo alteration and erosion processes in response to slow climatic degradation up to the Quaternary glacial cycles, which are partly responsible for the development of landforms. During the Cenozoic, only a few areas open to the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Cotentin Center or the English Channel, recorded marine sedimentation, with sedimentary gaps and affected by polyphase deformation throughout the Cenozoic.Within these sedimentary, structural, eustatic and climatic frameworks, the coastal watersheds of the Bay of the Seine are being established, whose outlet of the hydrographic network corresponds to the quaternary fluvial system of the English Channel, itself flowing towards the Atlantic margin. The quaternary framework of the coastal watersheds of Dives and Orne has been the subject of several geomorphological studies, specifying the evolution of Holocene sedimentary filling. The Dives Valley was an estuary during the last Holocene interglacial, gradually filled by silts, clays and peat, creating vast wetlands. Above the clay and peat marshes of the Dives, there are more modest marshes such as those of Vimont. The Holocene filling of the marshes of Vimont does not explain this morphologic origin in the Bathonian series of the Caen Plain: simple depression pond in these calcareous soils during Neogene to Quaternary of sea level decline, or older morphology inherited from the sedimentary and structural history of the area? The question is all the more relevant as there is, in this limestone series, a large aquifer with natural denitrification processes.The reconstruction of the origin of the marshes of Vimont and its drainage system benefited from the sedimentary analysis of the Bathonian lands, crossed over 82 m by a core borehole drilled in these marshes. This analysis completes the stratigraphic division of an area poor in natural outcrops, but above all allows the revision of 845 destructive drillings carried out in the Bessin and Caen Plains. This stratigraphic, sedimentary and paleogeographic revision of the boreholes and outcrops reveals folding deformations of large radius of curvature with a direction of N 50-70 and a wavelength between 5 and 15 km, in Mesozoic lands. They are initiated by a polyphase cenozoic replay of the old N 50-70, N 90, and N 110 faults. The depression of the marshes of Vimont extends to the Troarn Synform, which influences both the drainage system and underground flows. Morphometric analyses describe this relationship between the marshes of Vimont, landforms and the Dives river system. This multidisciplinary, stratigraphic, sedimentary, structural and geomorphological approach to the marshes of Vimont makes it possible to distinguish the sedimentary and structural heritage from the quaternary climatic control
Woussen, Emilie. "Interactions entre le comportement mécanique des ouvrages de défense pour la protection du littoral et les processus hydro-sédimentaires contrôlant la dynamique du trait de côte : approche expérimentale couplée numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0371.
Full textOne of the ways to mitigate the increasing risks of coastal flooding and erosion, is optimising the effectiveness of existing coastal structures by extending or reinforcing their defensive properties. The main objective of this work is to improve the understanding of interactions between nearshore hydrodynamics and coastal defense structures, particularly riprap protection walls. To achieve this, the different elements present at the upper beach, such as long or infragravity waves arriving from offshore, the coastal aquifer and their interaction with riprap are studied. Various methods for separating the free surface signal into seaward and shoreward components were explored, in order to analyze the transformations of infragravity waves under storm conditions on a sandy beach protected by riprap. Experimental data were used to calibrate the XBeach numerical model in 2D (SurfBeat mode). Analysis of the simulation results highlighted the importance of bathymetry and the selected wave breaking model in setting up the numerical simulations. Significant generation of infragravity waves and the formation of standing waves were observed. A correlation was established under moderate wave conditions between the R2% (a commonly used runup proxy) and bathymetric variations parallel to the coast (cyclic pattern at the outer bar). No notable impact of the riprap on infragravity wave reflection was observed under the investigated conditions. Experimental data collected on the beach of Lacanau were also analyzed to study the dynamics of the coastal aquifer beneath a sandy beach exposed to tides and waves, protected by rubble mound structure. A recirculation cell was identified, but no immediate significant effect of the riprap was detected. Finally, a numerical model based on the discrete element method was developed using the LMGC90 software. This initial approach provides a foundation and insights into the geomechanical response of structures such as riprap under the influence of wave runup and forces
Khaska, Mahmoud. "Vulnérabilité des ressources en eau souterraine : origines de la salinité en domaine karstique côtier et de la contamination après-mine en métaux lourds. Approche par multitracage géochimique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4381.
Full textThe first theme has for objectives: 1) to trace the origin of the salinity of the waters of the karst aquifers in coastal environment mediterraneen,2) to quantify the mixing proportions between salt waters and the waters karstiques,3) to discriminate the geochemical tracers to identify and model the process of salinization of aquifers coastal karst. The second theme has for objectives:1) to establish the [hast] of natural origin of surface waters and groundwater, 2) to quantify the level of contamination by arsenic in these waters and its spatial and temporal variability 3) to trace the natural or anthropogenic origin of pollution in hast to the aid of isotopic tools adapted. the origins of the salinity identified include i) of came from deep waters salted ii) of come deep water salted dating back toward the surface by a major flaw normal. The 36Cl/Cl has allowed us to identify the origin of deep saline waters and a recharge of meteoric water infiltrated during the period of thermonuclear tests. The PHREEQC modeling used to differentiate between the mixture with a deep water of salt that one with a sea water current. The 87SR/ 86Sr shows a conservative behavior for tracing the origin of saline waters in karst aquifers. The plotters Cs, Rb, Li and B allows to differentiate the three origins identified of salinity. The data acquired on the contamination in hast underline a net increase and perennial of [hast] from the ancient sites of mining processing rehabilitated. The reports 87SR/ 86Sr and δ18O and δ2H will reveal in this case a chartplotter very discriminant of natural or anthropogenic origin of arsenic
Aunay, Bertrand. "Apport de la stratigraphie séquentielle à la gestion et à la modélisation des ressources en eau des aquifères côtiers." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275467.
Full textYao, Koffi Théodore. "Hydrodynamisme dans les aquifères de socle cristallin et cristallophyllien du Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire : cas du département de Soubré : apports de la télédétection, de la géomorphologie et de l’hydrogéochimie." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0734/document.
Full textRemote sensing, geomorphology, and hydrogeochemistry methods were used to characterize the ground water flow in this part of the Sassandra River watershed that lies in the Southwest of Ivory Coast. The distribution of the spacing between the lineaments obeys a process of Poisson which allowed estimating that 17 % of lineaments of size inferior to 2.1 km were not mapped. This network of lineaments has been analysed in order to obtain a statistical characterisation of the geometry of the aquifer blocs in the bedrock. This approach allowed studying the hydrodynamism to the local scale. The groundwater is mainly of type Ca-HCO3 or Na-HCO3. The conditions of the groundwater storage and circulation in the bedrock are studied here by using major ions. The calcic water, little or moderately mineralized is ensued from some zones of the watershed where the recharge is quite fast through some preferential paths. The sodic water is largely located at the downstream of the watershed, where the water infiltration strongly evaporated, and the cations exchange are the prevailing phenomena. The altitudes of the grounds spreading out from 70 to 210 m, with some punctual peaks of 450 m in places, and some slopes ranging from 2 to 4%. The regolith thickness pointed out a control by the lithology, and a layer less thick in the main stream’s channel valleys. From borehole data and the water level in the hydrographical network, we show that the hydrogeological watershed is a subdued version of the hydrological watershed at a depth of 10 m with some variations
Yao, Koffi Théodore. "Hydrodynamisme dans les aquifères de socle cristallin et cristallophyllien du Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire : cas du département de Soubré : apports de la télédétection, de la géomorphologie et de l’hydrogéochimie." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561648.
Full textRemote sensing, geomorphology, and hydrogeochemistry methods were used to characterize the ground water flow in this part of the Sassandra River watershed that lies in the Southwest of Ivory Coast. The distribution of the spacing between the lineaments obeys a process of Poisson which allowed estimating that 17 % of lineaments of size inferior to 2.1 km were not mapped. This network of lineaments has been analysed in order to obtain a statistical characterisation of the geometry of the aquifer blocs in the bedrock. This approach allowed studying the hydrodynamism to the local scale. The groundwater is mainly of type Ca-HCO3 or Na-HCO3. The conditions of the groundwater storage and circulation in the bedrock are studied here by using major ions. The calcic water, little or moderately mineralized is ensued from some zones of the watershed where the recharge is quite fast through some preferential paths. The sodic water is largely located at the downstream of the watershed, where the water infiltration strongly evaporated, and the cations exchange are the prevailing phenomena. The altitudes of the grounds spreading out from 70 to 210 m, with some punctual peaks of 450 m in places, and some slopes ranging from 2 to 4%. The regolith thickness pointed out a control by the lithology, and a layer less thick in the main stream’s channel valleys. From borehole data and the water level in the hydrographical network, we show that the hydrogeological watershed is a subdued version of the hydrological watershed at a depth of 10 m with some variations
Li, Ji. "Analyse mathématique de modèles d'intrusion marine dans les aquifères côtiers." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0378/document.
Full textThe theme of this thesis is the analysis of mathematical models describing saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The simplicity of sharp interface approach is chosen : there is no mass transfer between fresh water and salt water (respectively between the saturated zone and the area dry). We compensate the mathematical difficulty of the analysis of free interfaces by a vertical averaging process allowing us to reduce the 3D problem to system of pde's defined on a 2D domain Ω. A second model is obtained by combining the approach of 'sharp interface' in that with 'diffuse interface' ; this approach is derived from the theory introduced by Allen-Cahn, using phase functions to describe the phenomena of transition between fresh water and salt water (respectively the saturated and unsaturated areas). The 3D problem is then reduced to a strongly coupled system of quasi-linear parabolic equations in the unconfined case describing the evolution of the DEPTHS of two free surfaces and elliptical-parabolic equations in the case of confined aquifer, the unknowns being the depth of salt water/fresh water interface and the fresh water hydraulic head. In the first part of the thesis, the results of global in time existence are demonstrated showing that the sharp-diffuse interface approach is more relevant since it allows to establish a mor physical maximum principle (more precisely a hierarchy between the two free surfaces). In contrast, in the case of confined aquifer, we show that both approach leads to similar results. In the second part of the thesis, we prove the uniqueness of the solution in the non-degenerate case. The proof is based on a regularity result of the gradient of the solution in the space Lr (ΩT), r > 2, (ΩT = (0,T) x Ω). Then we are interest in a problem of identification of hydraulic conductivities in the unsteady case. This problem is formulated by an optimization problem whose cost function measures the squared difference between experimental hydraulic heads and those given by the model
Fleury, Perrine. "Sources sous-marines et aquifères karstiques côtiers méditerranéens : Fonctionnement et caractérisation." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789234.
Full textBarbecot, Florent. "Approche géochimique des mécanismes de salinisation des aquifères côtiers : chronologies 14C-226Ra." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112319.
Full textOuedraogo, Moussa. "Caractérisation des aquifères de socle pour l'amélioration de la productivité des forages d'hydraulique villageoise dans le bassin versant du Bandama blanc amont (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS442/document.
Full textThe upstream watershed of White Bandama, north of Ivory Coast, is located on a fissured hard-rock, composed of granites and schists, and is a perennial aquifer for populations’ water supply. The upstream watershed of White Bandama, northern Ivory Coast, is located on a hard-rock aquifer which geometry and potential as an hydrogeological reserve is not yet well characterized. Insecurity of rural populations is partly due to lack of drinking water as well as still inadequate number of water supply points. A significant number of failures was observed when performing wells and boreholes for groundwater, one of the causes is a weak scientific knowledge on the environment.This study is to improve knowledge on the hydrodynamic behavior of the hard rock reservoir (geometry of aquifers, hydrodynamic parameters, recharge, availability of the resource) in order to drill perennial boreholes.The multidisciplinary methodological approach integrates hydrogeophysics, hydrogeology, geology, chemistry methods. It is to develop new techniques and appropriate exploration tools to refine the characterization of fissured hard-rock to better constrain the operation of sites, especially in terms of stability of pomped yield.To study the hard-rock aquifer of upstream watershed of White Bandama, we coupled electromagnetic measurements to lithological data to refine the geometry of the aquifer and to better constrain the choice for future drilling locations. This study presents a new hydrogeophysical approach using the multifrequency electromagnetic device PROMIS® to improve knowledge of resources on hard-rock aquifer, at the local or regional level.Our geophysical data are interpreted with multi-layer models consistent with the discontinuities observed in lithology logs and the geology of the site. This method is effecient to improve the characterization of the hard-rock aquifer, and the results showed good agreement between the soundings (1D), the resistivity cross-section (2D), drillings and geological structures.Results allow to precise the local thicknesses of the 3 main units of our study area down to 50 m, being from top to down, saprolite, a fissured-rock zone and the rock substratum. The fissured-rock zone constitutes the main aquifer unit under pressure, interesting target for productive water wells. Its thickness ranges from 15 to 30 m. A detailed knowledge of the local aquifer geometry constitutes the first and crucial step before going further into a complete hydrogeological study
Fleury, Perrine. "SOURCES SOUS-MARINES ET AQUIFERES KARSTIQUES CÔTIERS MEDITERRANEENS. FONCTIONNEMENT ET CARACTERISATION." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789234.
Full textKoita, Mahamadou. "Caractérisation et modélisation du fonctionnement hydrodynamique d'un aquifère fracturé en zone de socle : cas de la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou (Centre Est de la Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20182/document.
Full textThe hydraulic characterization of fractured basement in Dimbokro-Bongouanou region, Côte d'Ivoire, is an essential step to achieve an optimization of new well locations, in terms of success rates and productivity.To this end, this study first proposes conceptual models of weathering profile for the three main geological formations of the region: granites, metasediments and metavolcanic rocks. Based on in-situ observations, interpretations of lithology and cycles of erosion and alteration, the typical weathering profiles are proposed for each type geological. These are formed from top to bottom of layers alloterite, isalterite, fissured and fractured fresh basement. The fissured layer shows the maximum density of fractures in the metavolcanic rocks and métasédiments, while the fractured fresh basement concentrates the highest density of fractures in granites. Moreover, interpretation of data from pumping tests conducted in various hydraulic programs indicate that the productivity of wells is not proportional to the depth due to variation, at region scale of the thickness of the fissured layer and fractured fresh basement which totalize the maximum of water arrivals. The spatial variation of hydraulic conductivity and productivity (specific rate) is influenced by the thickness of the fissured layer, alloterite layer of the weathering profile and topography. The regional fractures of the fractured fresh basement are also areas of high productivity, as evidenced by the negative correlation between rate of productive wells and distance to these fractures. A methodology of regional fractures mapping from the use of a Radar image and hydrogeological data is suggested.All of these geological and hydrogeological informations are finally integrated into a flow model and the simulated groundwater levels are compared with measured piezometric. It thus appears that the values of hydraulic conductivities deduced from pumping tests are 103 times lower than those that reproduce the regional flow. In addition, a dual approach (equivalent continuum for alterite layer and fissured layer vs. discrete fracture of the base) confirms the role of accidents in the regional flows
Abudawia, Amel. "Analyse numérique d'une approximation élément fini pour un modèle d'intrusion saline dans les aquifères côtiers." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0390/document.
Full textIn this work, we study a finite element scheme we apply to a model describing saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers confined and free. The model is based on the hydraulic approach of vertically averaging the 3D original problem, this approximation is based on a quasi-hydrostatic flow hypothesis which, instead of the walls and springs, is checked. To model the interface between freshwater and salt water (respectively between the saturated zone and dry zone), we combine the approach net interface (approach with the diffuse interface) ; This approach is derived from the phase field theory introduced by Allen-Cahn, to describe the phenomena of transition between two zones. Given these approximations, the problem consists of a strongly couple to edps parabolic quasi-linear system in the case of unconfined aquifers describing the evolution of the depths of two free surfaces and elliptical-parabolic type in the case confined aquifer, the unknowns being then the depth of salt water / fresh water and the hydraulic load of fresh water. In the first part of the thesis, we give in the case of a confined aquifer, error estimation results of a semi-implicit scheme in a combined time discretization space finite element type Pk Lagrange. This result among other uses a regularity result of the gradient of the exact solution in the space Lr(ΩT), r > 2, which can handle the non-linearity and to establish the error estimate under assumptions reasonable regularity of the exact solution. In the second part of the thesis, we generalize the previous study to the case of the free aquifer. The main difficulty is related to the complexity of the system of parabolic edps but again, thanks to regularity result Lr(ΩT), r > 2 gradients established for the free surfaces, we show that the scheme is of order 1 time and space k for sufficiently regular solutions. We conclude this work by numerical simulations in different contexts (impact of porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the evolution of the interface, and pumping fresh water injection, tidal effects) thus validating the model and diagram. The we compare the results with those obtained using a finite volume scheme constructed from a structured mesh
Nlend, Bertil. "Processus hydrologiques dans une zone côtière hyper-humide sous forte influence anthropique (Douala, Cameroun). : Une étude géochimique de la dynamique de l'eau de l'atmosphère au sous-sol." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD055.
Full textA multidisciplinary approach was carried out in Douala, a humid tropical coastal megacity (Cameroon, West Africa) which already experiences some environmental changes due to population growth, urbanization and industrialization. We aimed at identifying the hydrological processes involved in this peculiar site, which records approximately 4 m of rainfall/year and undergoes almost continuous rainfall during year. Moreover since it is well known that modifications in land uses may profoundly influence hydrology, we need to improve our understanding on key hydrological processes in such tropical humid. To answer this question, we focus on water fluxes across the critical zone (land–atmosphere-subsurface continuum) through isotopic and chemical data from water vapour, rainfall and groundwater.Concerning atmospheric fluxes, results highlight an influence of large scale meteorological conditions on precipitation stable isotope composition. Classical processes (thermo-dependency, amount effect, continental recycling) observed elsewhere cannot be applied in Douala region. The intensity of upstream convection and the size of convective system mostly impact monthly and daily rainfalls. We also put in evidence that extended clouds in altitude, due to strong convection, provoke depleted precipitation in heavy isotopes. Moreover, the isotopic signature in rainfall is similar to that of water vapour, thus meaning a lack of post-condensational effects.By coupling this isotopic signal of precipitation with that of groundwater, we show that the Mio-Pliocene aquifer in Douala is recharged locally by rainwater and that this recharge occurs preferentially from April to August and November. There is no fractionating process during the infiltration of rainwater. Stable isotopes in groundwater highlight the existence of different flow paths within this multi-layered aquifer. We identified a deep flow path that mays correspond to groundwater with long residence time compared to shallower ones. Information obtained by the isotopes is similar to that provided by hydro-meteorological and potentiometric data. The aquifer recharge varies between 892.6 mm and 933.6 mm/year. Rainwater infiltrates at high altitudes, then flows underground with a velocity estimated to 1.96 m/day, before reaching the estuary. Groundwater chemistry enforces these findings. Water mineralization clearly increases along a flow path conducting water from the recharge zone (high altitudes) to the discharge area (estuary). Concentrations in main ions are partly controlled by rainfall intensity through the dilution effect, water-rocks interactions processes and human activities.The impacts of these human activities on groundwater quantity and quality, but also, on a more general way on climatic changes within the region, have been then deeply investigated. The results show that there is a widespread degradation of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities, leading also to seawater intrusion in some coastal megacities of West Africa. Groundwater deterioration tends to be emphasized by climate change (through an increase in CO2, increase in air temperatures and slight increase in precipitation amount).Finally this thesis provides new insights for tropical hydrology and key management tools to Douala water resource managers.Keywords: Douala, Rainwater; Mio-Pliocene groundwater; stable isotopes; major ions; upstream convection; anthropogenic activities, critical zone
Guillemoto, Quentin. "Transfert des molécules organiques traces des eaux usées traitées dans un système de Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) : application à l’hydrosystème côtier d’Agon-Coutainville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS510.
Full textPressures on groundwater (droughts, overexploitation, pollution, etc.) contribute to an overall decrease in the availability of the resource. Manages Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) have clear advantages for future sustainable quality and quantity management of groundwater, especially through the use of treated wastewater. The preservation of groundwater quality when introducing these so-called unconventional waters into MAR must be ensured. A major difficulty lies in understanding the processes induced by these techniques that affect groundwater quality. These include the Trace Organic Compounds (TrOCs) present in treated wastewater, which have received particular attention in recent years. To date, the understanding of the fate of TrOCs at the scale of a SAT site is very limited despite a growing knowledge of the processes induced (degradation, sorption). Even fewer studies consider the SAT system as an integral part of a natural hydrosystem, in which the dynamics of groundwater flows increase the complexity of the behaviour of these molecules. The methodology of the thesis combines data analysis, experimentation and modelling implemented at different spatio-temporal scales. It was applied to the coastal SAT site located in Agon-Coutainville (Normandy, France) which has been active for more than 20 years. Interpretation of the data acquired in the field using geochemical and time series analysis tools allowed a first description of the behaviour of a selection of TrOCs within a SAT system. The results at the site scale show the diversity of behaviour of TrOCs in the SAT associated with reactive, operational and hydrodynamic factors. A controlled infiltration experiment under operational conditions at the scale of an infiltration basin over 35 days was interpreted using geochemical modelling tools and analytical modelling of reactive transport (Advection-Dispersion Equation, ADE). The results show a natural attenuation of TrOCs from the SAT after an average residence time of 12 days in the SAT by quantifying first-order degradation coefficients (μ) and retardation coefficients (R) for some molecules On the multi-year scale of the aquifer hosting the SAT system, a flow and transport model (MARTHE) was built to quantify the influence of environmental factors (climate, tides, operational conditions) on the coastal hydrosystem with regard to the fate of TrOCs. The results of the model show their impact on flow rates, dilution and reactivity of TrOCs. An attenuation of TrOC concentrations by reactivity is expected over two-thirds of the surface of the SAT during the driest six months of the year, while over the remaining surface, local marine dynamics lead to a decrease in concentrations mainly by dilution. At the natural outlet of the aquifer, the simulated average residence times range from 74 to 489 days depending on the seasonal dynamics, which could be specified by additional investigations concerning the surface water (sea and river). This work provides an innovative multidisciplinary methodology integrating various tools to address the fate of TrOCs in SAT systems at different spatial and temporal scales, while considering the hydrodynamic and reactive behaviour of such systems. Many perspectives to this thesis work are arising, particularly concerning the characterisation of the reactivity of TrOCs in such systems in a coastal context, or the development of hydrodynamic modelling tools integrating more mechanistic reactive processes, which would improve the understanding of the behaviour of TrOCs in these systems
Adiaffi, Bernard. "Apport de la géochimie isotopique, de l'hydrochimie et de la télédétection à la connaissance des aquifères de la zone de contact "socle-bassin sédimentaire" du sud est de la côte d'ivoire." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112323.
Full textSince a half of century, the forest surface area of the South Ivory Coast has decreased due to deforestation and climate change. The mean rainfall amount has decreased about 15% between 1937 and 2005 and the temperature value slightly evolves about 0. 08°C/10 years. In order to understand the aquifer recharge process, to access the impact of climate and vegetation cover change on the groundwater and to study the origin of bedrock groundwater mineralization, 3 methods have been used: geochemistry, mineralogy and remote sensing. The study of a Landsat ETM+ image has shown that the bedrock aquifer has geometrical parameters which are favourable to N-S flow of groundwater. The groundwater mineralization and pH values decrease from North to South due to dilution process. The geochemistry study has shown that the high content of the Na+ and Ca2+ compared to that of K+ and Mg2+ is mainly due to dissolution of the albite (for the Na+) and of the amphibole and the epidote (for the Ca2+). Concerning the isotopic data, the evolution of vegetation cover is shown in groundwater by the trend in 13C content from old groundwater (residence time of ~ 15 000 a BP) to the recent groundwater (residence times: ~ 300-100 a BP). The δ18O and δ2H values also increase with time from the beginning of the post-glacial period (~ 15 000 a BP) to the present day (< 100 a BP), showing the evolution of the climate from cold to warm conditions. The impact of climate change is mainly visible on the groundwater of the bedrock confined aquifer below the sedimentary basin
Comte, Jean-Christophe. "Apport de la tomographie électrique à la modélisation des écoulements densitaires dans les aquifères côtiers - Application à trois contextes climatiques contrastés (Canada, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381767.
Full textUne méthodologie de validation croisée entre les modèles géo-électriques et les modèles d'écoulement densitaire a été développée. Dans un premier temps, l'interprétation par modélisation inverse des mesures ERT fournit des informations pertinentes pour la structuration et le paramétrage des modèles hydrogéologiques (géométrie du réservoir, vitesses d'écoulement, etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une validation qualitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la distribution des salinités interprétée d'après les résultats du modèle géo-électrique d'inversion et celle simulée par le modèle d'écoulement densitaire. Enfin, une validation quantitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la réponse géo-électrique théorique des salinités simulées par le modèle hydrogéologique (préalablement transformées en résistivité par application d'un modèle hydro-pétrophysique) et les mesures ERT acquises sur le terrain.
La fiabilité de la méthode a été précisée par des analyses de sensibilité conduites sur les différents modèles utilisés (géo-électrique, hydrogéologique et hydro-pétrophysique) et son applicabilité a été testée sur trois contextes hydrogéologiques et climatiques différents. Ainsi, aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Canada), les remontées salines sous les captages d'eau ont été caractérisées. Sur l'îlot M'Ba (Nouvelle-Calédonie), les variations spatiales de la recharge contrôlant le développement de la lentille d'eau douce ont été évaluées. Enfin, sur le tombolo de Pikine (Sénégal), les phénomènes évapotranspiratoires et concentrateurs intenses affectant les dépressions inter-dunaires ont été quantifiés.
Corbier, Pauline. "Mise en évidence d'une alimentation des aquifères poreux plio-quaternaires par les massifs karstiques de bordure : étude des relations entre la côte et l'arrière-côte dijonnaise et la plaine de Bresse." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS055.
Full textErostate, Mélanie. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des flux naturels et anthropiques vers les hydrosystèmes littoraux tributaires des eaux souterraines : Investigations isotopiques et géochimiques pour la compréhension des interactions aquifères-lagune sur le site de Biguglia (Haute-Corse)." Thesis, Corte, 2020. http://hal-univ-corse.archives-ouvertes.fr/view_by_stamp.php?&action_todo=view&id.
Full textThe exacerbated anthropization of coastal hydrosystems poses a significant threat to groundwater and ecosystems that depend on it, then called "groundwater-dependent ecosystems". Like the Biguglia hydrosystem (Corsica, France), rapid and disorganized urbanization, as well as industrial and agricultural activities developed on the Marana plain are major sources of groundwater degradation. This strategic resource, used for the drinking water supply of the Bastia urban area, presents the markers of multiple and diffuse contaminations. In addition to being problematic for human water needs, the groundwater qualitative degradation of the Marana aquifer also constitutes a threat to the fragile ecosystem of the Biguglia lagoon and the sustainability of the ecosystem services it provides. In this context of increasing pressures, a strong knowledge of the Biguglia hydrosystem behavior is essential to ensure sustainable management of water resources. To this end, a multi-tracer geochemical and isotopic approach has been developed in order to better constrain the state of the groundwater resource, the hydrodynamic conditions and the nature of aquifer-river-lagoon interactions. The study of the stable isotopes of the water molecule (18O, 2H) has highlighted the recharge complexity. The Marana aquifer benefits from an indigenous recharge through direct infiltration of precipitation on the plain and an allochthonous recharge through precipitation from the schistous reliefs. The infiltration of river water from the Bevincu and Golu rivers and the lateral contribution of water from the schistous reliefs also contribute to the aquifer recharge. The developed mixing model (18O, Cl- and HCO3-) allowed a semi-quantitative estimation of the mixing processes. It demonstrates the complex aquifer behavior, with a significant difference in the contribution of schistous groundwater depending on the location and depth of the resource. It is also clear that the Biguglia lagoon is partially dependent on groundwater. The Marana plain is subject to qualitative degradation due to the excessive presence of nitrates (NO3-) and organic micropollutants. According to the NO3- (15N-NO3-, 18O-NO3-) and Boron (11B) isotopes, the main sources of nitrogen are soil and wastewater. The correlation between NO3- concentrations and water residence time (3H and CFCs) highlighted the storage and the groundwater archiving capacity. With regard to the evolution of land use, the progressive modification of the nitrogen sources recorded in the aquifer made it possible to trace the socio-environmental trajectory of the Biguglia hydrosystem. The contemporary degraded state of the resource mainly results from the pollution legacy linked to historical human activities. The conceptual model developed provides new elements that can help towards the implementation of relevant management strategies, to ensure the sustainability of water resources and associated ecosystem services
Adiaffi, B. "APPORT DE LA GÉOCHIMIE ISOTOPIQUE, DE L'HYDROCHIMIE ET DE LA TÉLÉDÉTECTION A LA CONNAISSANCE DES AQUIFÈRES DE LA ZONE DE CONTACT "SOCLE-BASSIN SÉDIMENTAIRE" DU SUD-EST DE LA CÔTE D'IVOIRE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395515.
Full textPerriquet, Marie. "Characterization of the hydrodynamics and saltwater wedge variations in a coastal karst aquifer in response to tide and precipitation events (Bell Harbour catchment, Co. Clare, Ireland)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20042/document.
Full textLow-lying coastal areas in the west of Ireland, such as the Galway and Clare coasts, have seen recent increases in flooding frequencies coupled with overall increases in sea level. The impacts of these changes are most strongly felt in coastal karst catchments and this study focuses on one such area, the Bell Harbour catchment (~50 km²), where there is a clear interaction between rainfall inputs and tidal influences, to create a terrestrial salt water wedge. Data (specific conductivity and water levels) have been collected at two coastal springs, six boreholes, three lakes, and from discrete locations in the middle of the bay, using dedicated loggers over extended periods. Two approaches that provided consistent results were used to explain the different hydrodynamic behaviours identified in the boreholes (conduits, fissures and matrix flows). Specific conductivity variations and water chemistry measured inland allowed for assessment of the spatial extent of the saltwater wedge into the aquifer as a function of both karst recharge and tidal movements at high/low and neap/spring tidal cycles. The extent of the saltwater wedge depends on the intrinsic properties of the aquifer but also on the relative influence of the recharge and the tide on groundwater levels, which induce opposite behaviours. This dynamic between recharge and the tide thus controls the seawater inputs, hence explaining temporal and spatial changes in the saltwater wedge in this coastal karst aquifer. Strong tidal amplitudes seems to be the motor of sudden saltwater intrusion observed in the aquifer near the shore while the relative elevation of the groundwater appears to influence the intensity of the salinity increase. The magnitude of annual recharge in the area is high enough to limit saltwater intrusion to no more than about one kilometre inland from the shore. Given the anticipated decreases in summer precipitation (~10 percent), coupled with anticipated sea level rises, the extent of the saltwater wedge into the aquifer is likely to increase in coming decades
Louche, Barbara. "Limites littorales de la nappe de la craie dans la région Nord Pas-de Calais : relations eaux souterraines - eaux superficielles - mer." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10194.
Full textYao, Koffi Théodore, and Koffi Théodore Yao. "Hydrodynamisme dans les aquifères de socle cristallin et cristallophyllien du Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire : cas du département de Soubré : apports de la télédétection, de la géomorphologie et de l'hydrogéochimie." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561648.
Full textMoingt, Matthieu. "Caractérisation de la matière organique dissoute d'un site d'eau de surface (fleuve Saint-Laurent) et d'un site d'eau souterraine (aquifère de l'Astien, France) par l'utilisation des isotopes du carbone et des produits d'oxydation de la lignine." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399210.
Full textLeze, Julie. "Modélisation de l’impact des forçages océaniques sur les nappes côtières. Étude de l’Ermitage (île de La Réunion)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0016/document.
Full textStudies of coastal aquifers based on a constant mean sea level generally not consider the impact of oceanic oscillations. Our approach combines a long-term recording of “La Nappe des Sables” (adjacent to the fringing reef system of l'Ermitage, La Reunion) with numerical models in order to investigate the influence of these oceanic seasonal oscillations on groundwater hydrodynamics, seawater intrusions and submarine groundwater discharges. Analyzing both the behavior of the aquifer and the oceanic domain (reef), this study integrates a continuous recording of 600 days. It shows that the geometry and the hydrodynamic parameters chosen in the model, correlated to three types of oceanic oscillations, have variable consequences on the hydraulic head, the dispersive front and submarine groundwater discharges. Moreover, taking into account different complex oceanic boundaries in transient simulations over this 600 days period generates a better reproducibility of recorded signals (hydraulic head and salinity). These results underline that a long-term recording of oceanic oscillations is necessary for a good understanding of hydrodynamic mechanisms within coastal aquifers. The global signal must be decomposed with a harmonic analysis in order to identify the respective contributions of wave set up and tidal pumping to this signal. Our models reveal that the complexity of the natural system must be accounted for realistically in future numerical studies. The combination of hydrogeological and oceanographical data will allow the quantification of the impact of oceanic seasonal oscillations on such environments
Hoareau, Johan. "Utilisation d'une approche couplée hydrogéophysique pour l'étude des aquifères - Applications aux contextes de socle et côtier sableux." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470297.
Full textHuet, Maryline. "Comparaison de méthodes d'estimation de la recharge des aquifères : exemple de la région Charlevoix-Haute-Côte-Nord." Thèse, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3828/1/Huet_uqac_0862N_10183.pdf.
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