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Journal articles on the topic 'Aquifers – South Africa – Limpopo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Mndaweni, S. S. E., S. Naicker, and D. Blake. "Hydrostratigraphy of the Malmani Subgroup dolomites within the northeastern escarpment (Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa)." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0022.

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Abstract The Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic Malmani Subgroup comprises of dolomites and limestones forming part of the Chuniespoort Group within the Transvaal Supergroup, outcropping as an arc structure east of the Pretoria Group along the Limpopo and Mpumalanga escarpment. These rocks form a fractured karst aquifer in the area and have a high degree of heterogeneity and anisotropy. The aquifers are unconfined to semi-confined, with compartmentalisation by dolerite dykes being a possible effect (if the dykes are large and extensive enough) due to the dykes acting as aquitards or barriers to groundwater flow. The contact zones between the dolomite formations and dolerite dykes are usually fractured however, and along with any other faults and fractures result in preferential dolomite dissolution and the development of groundwater flow paths in the area. Borehole yields ranges between 2 to 5 l/s and potentially >10 l/s per borehole in the vicinity of large regional fractures or dolerite intrusions. Groundwater from the Malmani Subgroup generally meets the drinking water quality standards for major constituents and it is of Mg-Ca-HCO3 nature. Groundwater development within this particular hydrostratigraphy is linked to potential well field target zones that take cognisance of various surface water-groundwater interaction affecting surface water discharge rates as well as groundwater over-abstraction concerns. Preliminary results have indicated that given a groundwater potential of 44 hm3/a, the aquifer will be able to support abstractions of up to 29 hm3/a if systematically developed adaptively and could be used and managed conjunctively with surface water to alleviate the pressure on the already stressed Olifants Water Management Area.

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2

Dippenaar, Matthys A., Kai T. Witthüser, and J. Louis Van Rooy. "Groundwater occurrence in Basement aquifers in Limpopo Province, South Africa: model-setting-scenario approach." Environmental Earth Sciences 59, no. 2 (January 27, 2009): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0044-2.

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3

Fallon, A. L., K. G. Villholth, D. Conway, B. A. Lankford, and G. Y. Ebrahim. "Agricultural groundwater management strategies and seasonal climate forecasting: perceptions from Mogwadi (Dendron), Limpopo, South Africa." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.042.

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Abstract This paper explores the agricultural groundwater management system of Mogwadi (Dendron), Limpopo, South Africa – an area associated with intensive use of hard rock aquifers for irrigation – and the potential contribution of seasonal forecasts. These relatively shallow aquifers are often perceived as ‘self-regulating’, yet climate variability and infrequent recharge episodes raise the question of whether seasonal forecasting could contribute to more sustainable groundwater use. Hydro-meteorological observations, interviews and repeat focus groups with commercial farmers were used to examine this question for the 2014–15 rainfall season, with follow-up interviews during the 2015–16 El Niño season. Two long-term borehole series showed effects of episodic recharge events and management interventions. Comparison of formal and informal management practices highlighted important contrasts: a perceived lack of formal coordination within governing bodies, contrary to high levels of informal coordination between farmers despite a persistent ‘tragedy of the commons’ problem. Seasonal forecast use was limited due to lack of awareness and understanding of their relevance, low credibility and trust of forecasts, and poor dissemination. Farmers expressed increased interest in such information after the 2015–16 drought, if tailored to their needs. Increased uptake is, however, contingent on complementary groundwater monitoring network improvements and enhanced cooperation between stakeholder groups.

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4

Holland, Martin, and Kai T. Witthüser. "Evaluation of geologic and geomorphologic influences on borehole productivity in crystalline bedrock aquifers of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 19, no. 5 (May 10, 2011): 1065–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0730-5.

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5

Durowoju, Olatunde Samod, Mike Butler, Georges-Ivo Ekosse Ekosse, and John Ogony Odiyo. "Hydrochemical Processes and Isotopic Study of Geothermal Springs within Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081688.

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Geothermal springs and boreholes within the Soutpansberg Group were sampled and analysed for their major ion chemistry and stable isotope compositions in order to ascertain the possible sources and geochemical processes of the waters. The temperature of the geothermal springs ranges from 41 °C to 49 °C (thermal/hot waters) and 53 °C to 69 °C (scalding/hyperthermal waters). The major water types are Na-Cl and Na-HCO3, which are typical of marine and deep groundwaters influenced by ion-exchange processes. The hydrochemical parameters suggest that thermal gradient, carbonate weathering, mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation are the main geochemical processes controlling the geothermal springs. The δ18O and δ2H values vary from −5.82‰ to −4.82‰ for δ18O and −33.5‰ to −24.6‰ for δ2H for all the geothermal spring water. The isotopic ranges of the groundwater are relatively smaller and more depleted than those of rainwater (δ2H = −9.8‰ and δ18O = −2.7‰). The δ2H and δ18O signatures reveal a significant infiltration before evaporation. The δ2H and δ18O values further confirm that the waters are of meteoric origin, which implies that modern rainfall is the fundamental component of recharge derived from the infiltration of local precipitation with significant contribution of another type of water in the deeper part of the aquifer. These results provide further insight into this basement aquifer, which is a vital resource for the region.

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6

Abiye, Tamiru A., Despina Tshipala, Khahliso Leketa, Karen G. Villholth, Girma Y. Ebrahim, Manuel Magombeyi, and Michael Butler. "Hydrogeological characterization of crystalline aquifer in the Hout River Catchment, Limpopo province, South Africa." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 11 (October 2020): 100406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100406.

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7

Walker, David, Nebo Jovanovic, Richard Bugan, Tamiru Abiye, Daniell du Preez, Geoff Parkin, and John Gowing. "Alluvial aquifer characterisation and resource assessment of the Molototsi sand river, Limpopo, South Africa." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 19 (October 2018): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.09.002.

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8

Makungo, R., J. O. Odiyo, and J. G. Ndiritu. "Hydraulic characteristics of a fractured crystalline basement aquifer in Nzhelele area, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Cogent Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1928387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2021.1928387.

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9

Goldin, Jaqui, Resego Mokomela, Thokozani Kanyerere, and Karen G. Villholth. "Diamonds on the Soles of Their Feet: Groundwater Monitoring in the Hout Catchment, South Africa." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 15, no. 1 (March 2021): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09734082211014435.

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With the impulse to control and order the disorderly, the threads or tributaries of affect and emotion, which mimic the meanderings of the aquifer itself, are often oversimplified or ignored. These are not anomalies of citizen science (CS) but ‘normal’ and expected ‘disconnects’ that surface when working within a multidisciplinary environment. The article adds value to current discourse on CS by reflecting on the confusing configurations and shifting allegiances that are part and parcel of CS experience. In presenting research from a current project in the Hout Catchment, Limpopo Province in South Africa, it suggests that CS is often oversimplified and does not capture the array of emotions that emerge at multiple scales around CS projects. The authors reflect on the field, which is fraught, fragile and fleeting—and on the intrusions into the field—similar itself to an aquifer with its dykes and flows. Considering CS within the frame of feminist philosophy, it is emancipatory and personally transformative with the element of ‘surprise’ that the end point is undetermined—and the process, however much ‘planned’ is unknown. CS in this instance is a powerful tool for creating virtuous cycles of inclusion and equality and promoting sustainable development through improved water literacy through a grassroot, out-of-the-classroom pedagogy.

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10

Nemaxwi, P., J. O. Odiyo, R. Makungo, and Giorgio Mannina. "Estimation of groundwater recharge response from rainfall events in a semi-arid fractured aquifer: Case study of quaternary catchment A91H, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Cogent Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1635815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2019.1635815.

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11

Kolusu, Seshagiri Rao, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Martin C. Todd, Richard G. Taylor, David Seddon, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Girma Y. Ebrahim, et al. "The El Niño event of 2015–2016: climate anomalies and their impact on groundwater resources in East and Southern Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 1751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1751-2019.

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Abstract. The impact of climate variability on groundwater storage has received limited attention despite widespread dependence on groundwater as a resource for drinking water, agriculture and industry. Here, we assess the climate anomalies that occurred over Southern Africa (SA) and East Africa, south of the Equator (EASE), during the major El Niño event of 2015–2016, and their associated impacts on groundwater storage, across scales, through analysis of in situ groundwater piezometry and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. At the continental scale, the El Niño of 2015–2016 was associated with a pronounced dipole of opposing rainfall anomalies over EASE and Southern Africa, north–south of ∼12∘ S, a characteristic pattern of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Over Southern Africa the most intense drought event in the historical record occurred, based on an analysis of the cross-scale areal intensity of surface water balance anomalies (as represented by the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index – SPEI), with an estimated return period of at least 200 years and a best estimate of 260 years. Climate risks are changing, and we estimate that anthropogenic warming only (ignoring changes to other climate variables, e.g. precipitation) has approximately doubled the risk of such an extreme SPEI drought event. These surface water balance deficits suppressed groundwater recharge, leading to a substantial groundwater storage decline indicated by both GRACE satellite and piezometric data in the Limpopo basin. Conversely, over EASE during the 2015–2016 El Niño event, anomalously wet conditions were observed with an estimated return period of ∼10 years, likely moderated by the absence of a strongly positive Indian Ocean zonal mode phase. The strong but not extreme rainy season increased groundwater storage, as shown by satellite GRACE data and rising groundwater levels observed at a site in central Tanzania. We note substantial uncertainties in separating groundwater from total water storage in GRACE data and show that consistency between GRACE and piezometric estimates of groundwater storage is apparent when spatial averaging scales are comparable. These results have implications for sustainable and climate-resilient groundwater resource management, including the potential for adaptive strategies, such as managed aquifer recharge during episodic recharge events.

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12

Makonto, Olma T., and Matthys A. Dippenaar. "Aquifer vulnerability using recharge, depth to groundwater, soil type and slope to classify the vadose zone (Molototsi and Middle Letaba quaternary catchments, Limpopo Province, South Africa)." Environmental Earth Sciences 72, no. 5 (January 25, 2014): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3065-4.

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13

BOROVEC, ROMAN, and JIŘÍ SKUHROVEC. "A taxonomic study of the South African terricolous weevil genus Pentatrachyphloeus Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Trachyphloeini)." Zootaxa 4574, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4574.1.1.

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The genus Pentatrachyphloeus Voss, 1974, with two known species, is redefined and compared with related genera. An additional thirty seven new species are described here: P. andersoni sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. baumi sp. nov. (South Africa, Gauteng); P. brevithorax sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. bufo sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. endroedyi sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. exiguus sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. frici sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. grobbelaarae sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. hanzelkai sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. holubi sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. howdenae sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. hystrix sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. insignicornis sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. kalalovae sp. nov. (South Africa, Gauteng); P. kuscheli sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. laevis sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. lajumensis sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. leleupi sp. nov. (Zimbabwe, Manica); P. lesothoensis sp. nov. (Lesotho, Qacha’s Nek); P. machulkai sp. nov. (South Africa, Free State); P. marshalli sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. muellerae sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. musili sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. ntinini sp. nov. (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal); P. oberprieleri sp. nov. (South Africa, Gauteng, North West); P. pavlicai sp. nov. (South Africa, Free State); P. rudyardi sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. schoemani sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. soutpansbergensis sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. spinimanus sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. stingli sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo); P. tenuicollis sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. tuberculatus sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. vavrai sp. nov. (South Africa, Eastern Cape); P. vossi sp. nov. (South Africa, Mpumalanga); P. vrazi sp. nov. (South Africa, Limpopo) and P. zikmundi sp. nov. (South Africa, Free State). All of the species are keyed and illustrated; ecological information is presented only where available. All species seem to be very localised, being known only from one or only a very limited number of localities. Immature stages or host plants are not known for any of the species. The species are distributed as follows: South Africa: Mpumalanga (13), Limpopo (8), KwaZulu-Natal (7), Free State (3), Gauteng (3), Eastern Cape (3), North West (1); Lesotho: Qacha’s Nek (1) and Zimbabwe: Manica (1).

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14

Cairncross, Bruce, Allan Fraser, and Stuart MacGregor. "The Thabazimbi Míne Cave, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 91, no. 4 (June 23, 2016): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2016.1172173.

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15

Southwood, Malcolm, and Bruce Cairncross. "The Minerals of Palabora, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 92, no. 5 (August 10, 2017): 426–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2017.1331398.

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16

McCUSKER, BRENT, and PETER SCHMITZ. "MODELING LAND REDISTRIBUTION POTENTIAL IN LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 90, no. 2 (September 2008): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2008.9725316.

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17

Hlongwane, Zabentungwa T., Rob Slotow, and Thinandavha C. Munyai. "Indigenous Knowledge about Consumption of Edible Insects in South Africa." Insects 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010022.

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Consumption of edible insects is an indigenous practice that has played an essential role in human nutrition across Africa. The traditional use of insects forms an important part of food culture in Africa, and insects are consumed either as a delicacy, emergency, or staple source of food. However, indigenous knowledge about insect consumption is being lost because recent generations have adopted western methods and paid less attention to traditional practices. We conducted 500 questionnaires in five local municipalities in Kwazulu-Natal (KZN), and 122 questionnaires in four local municipalities in Vhembe district in Limpopo, South Africa, to document indigenous knowledge about edible insects’ consumption, collection, and preparation methods used in Limpopo and KZN. Eight insect species belonging to five insect orders were used as food in Limpopo and KZN, with mopane worms (94%) and termites (70%) being the most preferred species by respondents in Limpopo and KZN, respectively. Ninety-five percent of the respondents occasionally consumed insects in Limpopo, while only 28% did so in KZN. Nutritional benefits and tradition were the main reasons for consuming insects. Edible insects are a nutritious diet and play an important role in people’s livelihoods in rural areas. However, there was a notable decline in entomophagy, particularly in KZN. The decline may be related to occidental acculturation, discomfort associated with eating insects, and declining insect availability. To promote entomophagy, the authorities should encourage people to include edible insects in their diets because of their nutritional value. In addition, edible insect flour should be incorporated in food products such as biscuits, bread, energy bars, cereal, and cookies to promote acceptability.

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18

Hahn, Norbert. "Refinement of the Soutpansberg Geomorphic Province, Limpopo, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 66, no. 1 (February 2011): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2011.566422.

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19

Kyei, Kwabena A., and Mackson N. Masangu. "Road Fatalities in the Limpopo Province in South Africa." Journal of Human Ecology 39, no. 1 (July 2012): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2012.11906497.

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20

Momoh, Abuh, Henry A. Akinsola, Makhado Nengovhela, Segun A. Akinyemi, and Olusola J. Ojo. "Geophagic Practice in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Human Ecology 51, no. 3 (September 2015): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2015.11906922.

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21

Mashao, Unarine, Georges-Ivo Ekosse, John Odiyo, and Nenita Bukalo. "Geophagic practice in Mashau Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Heliyon 7, no. 3 (March 2021): e06497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06497.

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22

Botha, J. F., and A. H. J. Cloot. "Deformations and the Karoo aquifers of South Africa." Advances in Water Resources 27, no. 4 (April 2004): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.02.014.

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23

Braack, Leo, Riana Bornman, Taneshka Kruger, Yael Dahan-Moss, Allison Gilbert, Maria Kaiser, Shüné V. Oliver, et al. "Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114125.

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Despite the annual implementation of a robust and extensive indoor residual spraying programme against malaria vectors in Limpopo Province (South Africa), significant transmission continues and is a serious impediment to South Africa’s malaria elimination objectives. In order to gain a better understanding regarding possible causes of this residual malaria, we conducted a literature review of the historical species composition and abundance of malaria vector mosquitoes in the Limpopo River Valley region of the Vhembe District, northern Limpopo Province, the region with the highest remaining annual malaria cases in South Africa. In addition, mosquito surveys were carried out in the same region between October 2017 and October 2018. A total of 2225 adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited tent and light traps, human landing catches and cow-baited traps. Of the 1443 Anopheles collected, 516 were members of the An. gambiae complex and 511 An. funestus group. In the malaria endemic rural areas outside the Kruger National Park, one specimen each of An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus and only three of An. arabiensis were collected. The latter species was abundant at a remote hot spring in the neighboring Kruger National Park. Eighteen other species of Anopheles were collected. Our survey results support the historical findings that An. arabiensis, the species widely held to be the prime malaria vector in South Africa, is a rare species in the malaria endemic Limpopo River Valley. The implications of the mosquito surveys for malaria transmission, elimination and vector control in northern Limpopo Province and neighboring regions are discussed.

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24

Mphahlele, Morutse, Ana M. Tsotetsi-Khambule, Rebone Moerane, Dennis M. Komape, and Oriel M. M. Thekisoe. "Anthelmintic resistance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Veterinary World 14, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.302-313.

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Background and Aim: Previous studies recorded the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Limpopo Province. However, the studies did not address the seasonal patterns of infection and did not cover all districts of Limpopo Province, namely; Capricorn, Sekhukhune, Waterberg, Mopani, and Vhembe. It is, therefore, important to provide up to date information on the prevalence and seasonal occurrence data of GIN in all districts of Limpopo province. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and document the prevalence of GIN infecting sheep in five districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Materials and Methods: Forty animals in each district were used for fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine AR against ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), levamisole (LEV) (5 mg/kg), and albendazole (7.5 mg/kg). Egg hatch test (EHT) was used to determine AR against thiabendazole (TBZ) and micro-agar larval development test (MALDT) was used for both TBZ and LEV. Naturally, infected sheep (n=780) were sampled for prevalence across five districts of Limpopo. FAMACHA© eye-color score estimations were also performed for each study animal. Results: FECRT showed occurrence of AR in most of the districts and a few with suspected resistance. EHT results showed AR development against TBZ for all districts, while the MALDT showed no AR against LEV in all districts, but detected AR against TBZ in Sekhukhune, Capricorn, and Waterberg. Haemonchus contortus was the most resistant species. A high nematode prevalence (88-100%) and 1210-1861 eggs per gram (EPG) was observed in all districts during the hot wet season, decreasing to 75-80% (453-1202 EPG) during the cold dry season. The sheep revealed a FAMACHA© mean score of 3, indicating mild anemia during the hot wet season except for Vhembe district that revealed a FAMACHA© mean score of 4 during the hot wet season, indicating anemia. Conclusion: AR recorded in Limpopo Province may be due to under-dosing caused by lack of weighing equipment and high treatment frequencies due to lack of proper training on anthelmintic use. The detection of AR in Limpopo is an important finding because it will help in outlining effective management systems against GIN.

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25

Mazibuko, Gezani. "Autonomy and Financial Viability of Local Authorities in the Limpopo Province Republic of South Africa." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 10, no. 4(S) (August 21, 2020): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v10i4(s).3078.

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Premised on the state’s capacity to govern ultimately derives from capacity to manage the budgetary process, this study relates to the autonomy and viability of municipalities in Limpopo Province. The autonomy and financial viability of the Limpopo Province local authorities poses a challenge to the provincial as well as national government. The purpose of the research was to examine whether local authorities in this Limpopo province are autonomous. In addition to determine if they are financially viable. A descriptive research was used to for this research. Based on the outcome of the study, the researched local authorities are not financial viable and autonomous as they depend on grants from national government.

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26

Adeola, Abiodun, Katlego Ncongwane, Gbenga Abiodun, Thabo Makgoale, Hannes Rautenbach, Joel Botai, Omolola Adisa, and Christina Botai. "Rainfall Trends and Malaria Occurrences in Limpopo Province, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 5156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245156.

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This contribution aims to investigate the influence of monthly total rainfall variations on malaria transmission in the Limpopo Province. For this purpose, monthly total rainfall was interpolated from daily rainfall data from weather stations. Annual and seasonal trends, as well as cross-correlation analyses, were performed on time series of monthly total rainfall and monthly malaria cases in five districts of Limpopo Province for the period of 1998 to 2017. The time series analysis indicated that an average of 629.5 mm of rainfall was received over the period of study. The rainfall has an annual variation of about 0.46%. Rainfall amount varied within the five districts, with the northeastern part receiving more rainfall. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that the total monthly rainfall with one to two months lagged effect is significant in malaria transmission across all the districts. The strongest correlation was noticed in Vhembe (r = 0.54; p-value = <0.001), Mopani (r = 0.53; p-value = <0.001), Waterberg (r = 0.40; p-value =< 0.001), Capricorn (r = 0.37; p-value = <0.001) and lowest in Sekhukhune (r = 0.36; p-value = <0.001). Seasonally, the results indicated that about 68% variation in malaria cases in summer—December, January, and February (DJF)—can be explained by spring—September, October, and November (SON)—rainfall in Vhembe district. Both annual and seasonal analyses indicated that there is variation in the effect of rainfall on malaria across the districts and it is seasonally dependent. Understanding the dynamics of climatic variables annually and seasonally is essential in providing answers to malaria transmission among other factors, particularly with respect to the abrupt spikes of the disease in the province.

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27

Magwede, K., and B. E. Van Wyk. "An inventory of Vhavenda useful plants, Limpopo Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 103 (March 2016): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.083.

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28

Kyei, K. A., and K. B. Gyekye. "Unemployment in Limpopo Province in South Africa: Searching for Factors." Journal of Social Sciences 31, no. 2 (May 2012): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2012.11893026.

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29

MacLeod, ND, CK McDonald, and FP van Oudtshoorn. "Challenges for emerging livestock farmers in Limpopo province, South Africa." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 25, no. 2 (June 2008): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajrfs.2008.25.2.5.484.

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30

Manrakhan, A., V. Hattingh, J.-H. Venter, and M. Holtzhausen. "Eradication ofBactrocera invadens(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Limpopo Province, South Africa." African Entomology 19, no. 3 (September 2011): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0307.

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31

Trupe, Lydia A., Anne Rositch, Lindsay Dickerson, Su Lucas, and Susan C. Harvey. "Knowledge and Attitudes About Breast Cancer in Limpopo, South Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 5 (October 2017): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.008102.

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Purpose Breast cancer survival is unacceptably low in many low-resource settings, including rural South Africa, where access to screening and treatment services is limited. To describe the context for implementing an early detection program, we assessed knowledge and attitudes toward breast cancer risk, early detection, and treatment. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 243 women presenting to Hlokomela Clinic in Hoedspruit, South Africa, during April and May 2016. We used quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine levels of knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and treatment of breast cancer, as well as experience with and attitudes toward detection and treatment methods. Results Thirty-one percent of women correctly identified at least six of 12 risk factors for breast cancer, and 53.1% identified breast lumps as an important symptom. Although > 97% of women stated that self–breast examination and early detection were highly important and that they would seek care for changes in their breasts, only 33.3% of women reported performing self–breast examination, and only 24.3% reported receiving a clinical breast examination. Age and education were not associated with knowledge, and level of knowledge did not predict care-seeking behaviors or attitudes. Conclusion Although women demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors and the importance of early detection, few women reported seeking services. These data demonstrate sufficient levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward care seeking and suggest both a need and readiness for increased access to cost-effective services to facilitate early diagnosis and improved outcomes.

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Ladzani, Watson, and Godfrey Netswera. "Support for rural small businesses in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Development Southern Africa 26, no. 2 (June 2009): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350902899512.

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Cairncross, Bruce. "Connoisseur's Choice: Ajoite, Messina Mine, Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 91, no. 5 (August 16, 2016): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2016.1193697.

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Sadiki, Patrick, and Maano Ramutsindela. "Peri-urban transformation in South Africa: Experiences from Limpopo Province." GeoJournal 57, no. 1/2 (2002): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026027104185.

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Hall, Ruth, Poul Wisborg, Shirhami Shirinda, and Phillan Zamchiya. "Farm Workers and Farm Dwellers in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Agrarian Change 13, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12002.

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Jager, C. D. E., N. H. Aneck-Hahn, G. Schulenburg, P. Farias, and M. S. Bornman. "DDT and Male Reproductive Health in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S193—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00491.

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van Bogaert, Louis-Jacques. "Biopsy-diagnosed female genital schistosomiasis in rural Limpopo, South Africa." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 115, no. 1 (July 20, 2011): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.05.010.

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De Cock, N., M. D’Haese, N. Vink, C. J. van Rooyen, L. Staelens, H. C. Schönfeldt, and L. D’Haese. "Food security in rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa." Food Security 5, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-013-0247-y.

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Hahn, N., and G. J. Bredenkamp. "LAMIACEAE." Bothalia 37, no. 1 (August 18, 2007): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i1.298.

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Klopper, R. R., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Pteridophyta–Sinopteridaceae." Bothalia 41, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i1.51.

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BIDZILYA, OLEKSIY. "New host-plants records of Afrotropical Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of three new species." Zootaxa 4952, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.3.4.

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First and additional host-plant records for 38 species of Gelechiidae from South Africa and Kenya are presented. An annotated list with brief descriptions of larval biology and known geographical distributions is presented. Three species are described as new: Mesophleps kruegeri sp. nov. (Namibia: Kavango Region and South Africa: Limpopo Province), Istrianis inquilinus sp. nov. (South Africa: North West Province), and Teleiopsis sharporum sp. nov. (South Africa: Limpopo Province). The new combination Istrianis epacria (Bradley, 1965) comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia of Hypatima melanecta (Meyrick, 1914) is described for the first time. It is noticed that male hitherto associated with T. commaculata (Meyrick, 1918) in fact refers to T. pundamilia Bidzilya & Mey, 2018. Hypatima stasimodes (Meyrick, 1931), Dichomeris coenulenta (Meyrick, 1927), Dichomeris eustacta Meyrick, 1921, Neotelphusa similella Janse, 1958 and Argophara epaxia Janse, 1963 are recorded for the first time from South Africa, and Istrianis epacria is new for Kenya. The adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated for some species mentioned in paper. The first record of the genus Teleiopsis Sattler, 1960 from South Africa is briefly discussed.

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Sehlabana, Makwelantle Asnath, Daniel Maposa, and Alexander Boateng. "Modelling Malaria Incidence in the Limpopo Province, South Africa: Comparison of Classical and Bayesian Methods of Estimation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145016.

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Malaria infects and kills millions of people in Africa, predominantly in hot regions where temperatures during the day and night are typically high. In South Africa, Limpopo Province is the hottest province in the country and therefore prone to malaria incidence. The districts of Vhembe, Mopani and Sekhukhune are the hottest districts in the province. Malaria cases in these districts are common and malaria is among the leading causes of illness and deaths in these districts. Factors contributing to malaria incidence in Limpopo Province have not been deeply investigated, aside from the general knowledge that the province is the hottest in South Africa. Bayesian and classical methods of estimation have been applied and compared on the effect of climatic factors on malaria incidence. Credible and confidence intervals from a negative binomial model estimated via Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation, respectively, were utilized in the comparison process. Overall assumptions underpinning each method were given. The Bayesian method appeared more robust than the classical method in analysing malaria incidence in Limpopo Province. The classical method identified rainfall and temperature during the night to be significant predictors of malaria incidence in Mopani, Vhembe and Waterberg districts. However, the Bayesian method found rainfall, normalised difference vegetation index, elevation, temperatures during the day and night to be the significant predictors of malaria incidence in Mopani, Sekhukhune and Vhembe districts of Limpopo Province. Both methods affirmed that Vhembe district is more susceptible to malaria incidence, followed by Mopani district. We recommend that the Department of Health and Malaria Control Programme of South Africa allocate more resources for malaria control, prevention and elimination to Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province.

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Hurter, P. J. H., and A. E. Hurter. "FABACEAE." Bothalia 34, no. 2 (September 3, 2004): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v34i2.422.

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Nkadimeng, Mapule Valencia, Godswill Makombe, Obvious Mapiye, Cletos Mapiye, Isaac Oluwatayo, Kennedy Dzama, Cedric Mojapelo, Naftali Mollel, Jones Ngambi, and Madimetja Human Mautjana. "A gross margin analysis for Nguni cattle farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): e0253657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253657.

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Factors such as increases in population, urbanization, growth in per capita income and changes in consumer taste and preferences are causing gradual increases in livestock product consumption and demand. South Africa is addressing this predicted increase in livestock products demand by commercializing smallholder livestock producers. The Limpopo Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) Nguni Cattle Development Project is an example of such effort. The economic performance of these efforts needs to be evaluated. We use gross margin analysis to evaluate the performance of the Limpopo IDC Nguni Cattle Development Project. Additionally, we use regression analysis to identify factors influencing gross margins. Our results indicate that although smallholders show potential to commercialize, they lack commercial farming experience and require that a strong extension support system be used as one of the strategies to improve profitability. We also noted that individual farmers were more profitable than group farmers. Multiple regression analysis shows that three variables could be used to stimulate gross margin among the Limpopo IDC Nguni Cattle Development Project farmers. These are herd size, distance to market and farm size. Since farm size is a given, policy should focus on assisting farmers to build their herds and to have better access to markets.

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Mnisi, Peral, and Susan M. Dippenaar. "A report of the free-living freshwater planktonic copepods from an ephemeral pool in Limpopo Province, South Africa, with the description of Microcyclops raynerae n. sp." Crustaceana 92, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003894.

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Abstract Ephemeral pools are biologically important habitats for species adapted to survive through a dry phase. Unfortunately, these pools have been neglected in studies. Copepods are essential in aquatic habitats mainly because of their importance in the food web. Currently there are only 34 species reported from freshwater habitats in South Africa. This study was conducted in an ephemeral pool (Limpopo Province, South Africa). Qualitative sampling was done monthly (December 2014 to June 2015) using a plankton net and specimens were studied through a light microscope. Seven species were collected, three from Calanoida and four from Cyclopoida, including a new species, Microcyclops raynerae. Seven species represent quite a high biodiversity of copepods from a single pool when compared with similar studies previously done in South Africa. The report of Tropocyclops confinis constitutes a new geographical record from South Africa while all other collected species are new records from the Limpopo Province.

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Durowoju, Olatunde Samod, John Ogony Odiyo, and Georges-Ivo Ekosse Ekosse. "Geochemistry of Siloam and Tshipise Geothermal Springs, Limpopo Province, South Africa." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2018.63.76.

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SABETA, C. T., G. C. MKHIZE, and E. C. NGOEPE. "An evaluation of dog rabies control in Limpopo province (South Africa)." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 10 (July 7, 2011): 1470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001233.

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SUMMARYRabies is a prevalent and re-emerging disease in South Africa particularly in rural areas with high human densities. Outbreaks are frequently reported in the north and eastern parts of this country, probably an indication of inadequacy in the control of the disease. Following the 2005/2006 outbreak in Limpopo, we undertook an analysis of case surveillance data and genetically characterized 18 rabies viruses, all recovered from domestic dogs. Although rabies prevalence gradually declined annually from 2007, dog rabies still remains a public and veterinary health hazard in this region. Sylvatic rabies cycles are maintained by the black-backed jackal species in specific ecological conditions in the northwest of the province (Waterberg area), unlike in the north and east (Vhembe and Mopani districts, respectively), where spillover of infection between dogs and jackals is likely to predominate. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the rabies virus strain currently circulating within dog populations in Limpopo province is the same variant responsible for the 2005/2006 rabies outbreak. However, residual foci probably exist hence the observed sporadic outbreaks. These data further underline the value of continuous and sustainable dog immunization in controlling rabies.

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Shuma, Mikateko R., Daniel M. Madyira, and Gert A. Oosthuizen. "Emissions testing of loose biomass in Limpopo Province of South Africa." Procedia Manufacturing 8 (2017): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.030.

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Bradfield, Justin, and Annie R. Antonites. "Bone hoes from the Middle Iron Age, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Quaternary International 472 (April 2018): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.028.

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Greenfield, R., JHJ van Vuren, and V. Wepener. "Bacterial levels in the Nyl River system, Limpopo province, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 35, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2010.466636.

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