Journal articles: 'AR-glass fibre'

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Ahmad, Muhammad Hafiz, and Hanizam Awang. "Effect of Steel and Alkaline-Resistance Glass Fibre on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.404.

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This paper investigates the effect of steel fibre and alkaline-resistance glass fibre lightweight foamed concrete with fly ash inclusion towards mechanical and durability properties. The lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with a density of 1000 kg/m3with constant water sand ratio of 1: 1:5 and water cement ratio of 0.45 was cast and tested. Steel and alkaline-resistance glass fibres were used as additives and 30% of cement was replaced by fly ash. Detail experiments were setup to study the behaviour and reaction of additives which is expected to give different results on mechanical and durability properties of LFC. Compared to AR-glass fibre, steel fibre has greater contribution in terms of mechanical properties. SFLFC resulted as the most effective approach for compressive, flexural, tensile split and water absorption with strength 6.13 N/mm2, 1.96 N/mm2, 1.52 N/mm2and lowest water absorption at 6.5% respectively. On the other hand, AR-glass fibre is better in controlling drying shrinkage which leads to controlling the cracking at early age. Fly ash does not change the mechanical properties and durability due to unprocessed stage to its finer forms.

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Miravete, A., J. M. Mieres, I. Calvo, P. Comino, A. Chiminelli, J. Cuatrero, and N. Tolosana. "Comportamiento de la fibra de vidrio AR para aplicaciones estructurales en la construcción." Materiales de Construcción 55, no. 280 (December 30, 2005): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2005.v55.i280.207.

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Khan, Mustaq, Shubham S. Shukla, Nikhil R. Pradhan, Crystal Nadar, and Naveen Hanchinahal. "Enhancement of Strength of Concrete Using CNC‘S and AR Glass Fibre." International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46335/ijies.2020.5.6.10.

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Ariyadasa, G. L. M., S. Upali Adikary, and S. S. K. Muthuratne. "Fabrication and Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Fly Ash-Cement Roofing Tiles." Materials Science Forum 911 (January 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.911.83.

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In this study Glass fibre reinforced fly ash -cement roofing tiles were fabricated using three different forms of coal fly ash (CFA) such as CFA as it is, CFA particle sizes below 75μm and below 45μm.The separated CFA was used to replace cement 30% by the weight and those matrices were reinforced by Alkali Resistant (AR) glass fibres adding 1% and 2% by weight.The corrugated roof tiles have dimensions of 490×250×8mm and they were hand cast using ordinary vibration. Physical and mechanical tests were performed after 28 days of aging. The tiles were tested in accordance with SLS 1189. Transverse strength increased with increasing fibre percentage. Further, the transverse strength decreased with decreasing CFA particle size. Highest characteristic transverse strength was observed in the CFA as it is sample which is 1650N and the lowest from CFA below 45µm particle size sample which is 1240N. However, all the samples satisfy the strength requirement which is 230N. High water absorption was observed in all the samples which is around 20%.The dry density was ranged in between 1.62-1.68g/cm3 .The lowest average dry density was observed in CFA as it is samples whereas CFA below 75μm particle size and CFA below 45μm particle size samples showed similar density values. The dry density of tile samples is in comparable with the dry density of asbestos cement sheets (≈1.63g/cm3) and the characteristic transverse strength is in comparable with Calicut clay tiles (1000-2000N) in Sri Lanka. Therefore, glass fibre reinforced fly ash-cement roofing tiles are promising substitute for asbestos roofing sheets.

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Selsiadevi, S., and Evangelin Ramani Sujatha. "Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Soil Building Blocks Reinforced with Synthetic Fibre." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16024.

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Earth construction is the most economic way to solve housing problems, particularly in case of low cost building, with the limitation of resources. The simplicity in production of earth blocks justifies by the availability of soil as raw material and by the less energy in production. Generally, fibre inclusion increases the strength and performance of the earth blocks. Synthetic fibre such as AR glass fibre, polypropylene fibre were used and investigated experimentally with different percentages of fibre 0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 % and 1 % by weight of earth. A sequence of test was conducted with and without addition of fibre to soil building blocks. Physical properties, mechanical properties and durability properties specifically density test, water absorption by capillarity test, linear shrinkage, compressive test, indirect tensile stress, wearing test and erosion test were conducted and compared with different fibre ratio to determine the optimum fibre content in each mix order to produce blocks that will provide the maximum strength.

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Butler, Marko, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Simone Hempel. "Durability of textile reinforced concrete made with AR glass fibre: effect of the matrix composition." Materials and Structures 43, no. 10 (January 27, 2010): 1351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-010-9586-8.

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Robert, Colin, Isabelle Pillin, Mickaël Castro, and Jean-Francois Feller. "Multifunctional Carbon Nanotubes Enhanced Structural Composites with Improved Toughness and Damage Monitoring." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3040109.

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The potential of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as multifunctional filler in poly(epoxy)-based structural composites has been investigated. In a first step the reinforcement effect of CNT has been studied by tensile and three points bending tests, which evidenced significant improvements of stress and strain at break (respectively +17% and +30% for tensile tests on unidirectional carbon fibre-epoxy composites). Moreover, fracture experiments have also revealed a positive effect of CNT on the toughness (G1c) of carbon fibres-epoxy composites (+105% of improvement at the initial stage). In a second step, the health monitoring capability quantum resistive strain sensors (sQRS) made of CNT filled epoxy nanocomposite, incorporated in the core of glass fibres-epoxy composites has been studied. It was shown that during cyclic tensile tests, following the evolution of the relative resistance amplitude (Ar) of sQRS with strain gives a pertinent information on non-reversible phenomena such as plastic deformation and cracks’ development within the composite. In particular, the evolution of the sQRS sensitivity (gauge factor GF) under and over the elastic limit, allows to track damage accumulation throughout the composite. These results suggest a possible use of sQRS for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of composites in fields such as boating, wind energy, aeronautics and automotive.

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Comino Almenara, P. I. "El GRC: Material compuesto de matriz inorgánica reforzado con fibras de vidrio AR." Materiales de Construcción 46, no. 242-243 (June 30, 1996): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.1996.v46.i242-243.531.

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9

Kwan, W. H., C. B. Cheah, M. Ramli, and K. Y. Chang. "Alkali-resistant glass fiber reinforced high strength concrete in simulated aggressive environment." Materiales de Construcción 68, no. 329 (February 13, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.13216.

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The durability of the alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) in three simulated aggresive environments, namely tropical climate, cyclic air and seawater and seawater immersion was investigated. Durability examinations include chloride diffusion, gas permeability, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy examination (SEM). The fiber content is in the range of 0.6 % to 2.4 %. Results reveal that the specimen containing highest AR glass fiber content suffered severe strength loss in seawater environment and relatively milder strength loss under cyclic conditions. The permeability property was found to be more inferior with the increase in the fiber content of the concrete. This suggests that the AR glass fiber is not suitable for use as the fiber reinforcement in concrete is exposed to seawater. However, in both the tropical climate and cyclic wetting and drying, the incorporation of AR glass fiber prevents a drastic increase in permeability.

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10

Tannous, Fares E., and Hamid Saadatmanesh. "Durability of AR Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Bars." Journal of Composites for Construction 3, no. 1 (February 1999): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(1999)3:1(12).

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11

Holmes, T. M., G. L. Leatherman, and T. El-Korchi. "Alkali-resistant oxynitride glasses." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0152.

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Oxynitride glasses in the Si–Zr–Na–Li–K–B–O–N system have been produced via incorporation of Si3N4 into the glass structure. This system is the oxynitride analogue of commercially available alkali resistant (AR) glasses used for concrete reinforcement. Glasses with nitrogen contents up to approximately 4 at.% have been obtained. Hardness, fracture toughness, and chemical durability were found to increase with increasing nitrogen content. Fibers were drawn from the glasses containing approximately 4 at.% nitrogen and used to produce reinforced cement composites. The microstructure of the fiber-matrix interface was examined in these samples after aging and compared to that of oxide AR glass fiber-matrix interface. Measurement of the wetting behavior of aqueous solution as a function of the nitrogen content of the glass suggests that this difference in microstructure is the result of changes in physiochemical properties of the glass surface due to the incorporation of nitrogen into the glass structure.

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12

Zhu, Zhende, Cong Zhang, Songsong Meng, Zhenyue Shi, Shanzhi Tao, and Duan Zhu. "A Statistical Damage Constitutive Model Based on the Weibull Distribution for Alkali-Resistant Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Materials 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121908.

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The addition of alkali-resistant glass fiber to concrete effectively suppresses the damage evolution such as microcrack initiation, expansion, and nucleation and inhibits the development and penetration of microcracks, which is very important for the long-term stability and safety of concrete structures. We conducted indoor flat tensile tests to determine the occurrence and development of cracks in alkali-resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete (AR-GFRC). The composite material theory and Krajcinovic vector damage theory were used to correct the quantitative expressions of the fiber discontinuity and the elastic modulus of the concrete. The Weibull distribution function was used and an equation describing the damage evolution of the AR-GFRC was derived. The constitutive equation was validated using numerical parameter calculations based on the elastic modulus, the fiber content, and a performance test of polypropylene fiber. The results showed that the tensile strength and peak strength of the specimen were highest at a concrete fiber content of 1%. The changes in the macroscopic stress–strain curve of the AR-GFRC were determined and characterized by the model. The results of this study provide theoretical support and reference data to ensure safety and reliability for practical concrete engineering.

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13

Sari, Widya Puspita, Dedi Sumantri, and Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam. "PEMERIKSAAN KOMPOSISI GLASS FIBER KOMERSIAL DENGAN TEKNIK X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETER (XRF)." B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2018): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33854/jbdjbd.30.

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Glass fiber lebih sering digunakan daripada polyethylene fiber sebagai komponen FRC dalam dunia kedokteran gigi. Glass fiber dental di Indonesia tersedia dalam jumlah terbatas dan memiliki harga yang relatif mahal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa komposisi dari E-glass fiber dental dan glass fiber non dental menggunakan teknik XRF sehingga dapat ditentukan tipe dari masing-masing glass fiber non dental. Sampel terdiri dari 10 g E-glass fiber dental, 10 g fiberglass mats, 10 g fiberglass roving dan 10 g woven roving. Masing-masing sampel dihaluskan, selanjutnya dianalisa dengan dengan menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). Hasil analisa XRF sampel menunjukkan kandungan oksida terbesar pada E-glass fiber dental adalah SiO2 (45,47%), CaO (38,49%) dan Al2O3 (12,11%). Kandungan oksida terbesar pada fiberglass mats adalah SiO2 (56,88%), CaO (16,24%) dan Na2O (12,91%) demikian pula dengan woven roving yaitu SiO2 (55,86%), CaO (18,71%) dan Na2O (11,80%). Sedangkan fiberglass roving menunjukkan kandungan oksida terbesar antara lain SiO2 (52,56%), ZrO2 (14,64%) dan CaO (10,03%). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa komposisi kandungan oksida pada sampel memiliki kemiripan dengan persentase yang berbeda. Berdasarkan pada analisis XRF disimpulkan bahwa glass fiber non dental jenis fiberglass mats dan woven roving mengarah ke tipe C-glass dan fiberglass roving mengarah ke tipe AR-glass.

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14

Orlowsky, J., and M. Raupach. "Durability model for AR-glass fibres in textile reinforced concrete." Materials and Structures 41, no. 7 (October 11, 2007): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9321-2.

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15

Pawłat, Joanna, Xue Feng Li, Takahiro Matsuo, Tadashi Sugiyama, and Toshitsugu Ueda. "PBG Fiber Low Concentration Gas Sensor." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.163.

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The photonic bandgap fiber for a high-sensitivity, compact set-up, which enables the precise measurement of low concentration of gas was designed. Fiber was used instead the traditional glass gas cell during the spectroscopic measurements. Ar ion beam was proposed among the other methods to process the inlet and outlet surface of fiber and adjust it to the required parameters. The gas flow inside PBF fiber and its optical properties were investigated.

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Lee, Ji-Sun, Tae-Young Lim, Mi-Jai Lee, Jonghee Hwang, Jin-Ho Kim, and Soong-Keun Hyun. "The properties of AR(Alkali Resistant)-glass fiber by zirconia contents." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 25, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2015.25.6.263.

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17

Cooney, Thomas F., Christian L. Schoen, Shiv K. Sharma, and David M. Carey. "Rare-Earth-Doped Glass Fiber for Background Rejection in Remote Fiber-Optic Raman Probes: Theory and Analysis of Holmium-Bearing Glass." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 10 (October 1993): 1683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934334624.

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We have investigated the feasibility of using rare-earth-doped glasses in “self-filtering” optical fibers used for remote Raman spectral collection. We have derived a theoretical treatment and have used the measured relevant sample and glass parameters (e.g., optical absorption of the doped glass and ratio of the intensities of inelastic scattering to elastic scattering plus reflection) to evaluate the usefulness of such fibers. With the use of these parameters, the optical absorption bands of Ho-doped glass, in particular, are found to be sufficiently intense and sharp to enable this glass to be used in the collection fiber of a remote Raman probe. Ho-doped glass fiber of as little as 2 cm in length is sufficient to filter undesirable laser radiation while permitting a high proportion of the sample Raman signal to pass. Use of the 488.0-nm Ar+ laser line or green or red laser wavelengths from a “tunable” laser can ensure that the excitation is within an absorption band and close to the long-wavelength transmission cut-on for the doped glass.

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18

Shi, Xianzeng, Cong Zhang, and Xingde Zhou. "The Statistical Damage Constitutive Model of the Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Resistant Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071139.

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Alkali-resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete (AR-GFRC) has greatly improved in terms of tensile strength, toughness, durability, and reduction of cracking, which has been proven by testing. However, the constitutive relationship of fiber reinforced concrete under complicated stress represents a complex theoretical problem. In order to investigate the microscopic damage evolution and failure mechanism of AR-GFRC, the meso-statistical damage theory, microcontinuum theory, and composite material theory were considered, and uniaxial tensile tests of two types of AR-GFRC were conducted. A new damage variable expression of the AR-GFRC was proposed, and the stress-strain curve was redefined by considering the residual strength based on experimental fitting parameters and statistical parameters. A Weibull distribution was assumed and a statistical damage constitutive model was developed of the deformation process of the AR-GFRC while considering the residual strength effect; detailed calculation methods to determine the mechanical and statistical parameters of the concrete were developed. The validation results show that the theoretical stress-strain curve of the constitutive model is in good agreement with the experimental curve and the trend is consistent.

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19

Ramos, Guadalupe, Juan José Prieto, and Jesús Guardiola. "Calorimetric analysis of sizings used for E and AR glass fiber manufacture." Materials Letters 24, no. 1-3 (June 1995): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(95)00062-3.

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Bittner, Tomáš, Petr Bouška, Šárka Nenadálová, Milan Rydval, and Miroslav Vokáč. "Effect of Temperature Increasing on Deformation Properties of TRC." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.75.

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This paper presents a description of the changes in the deformation properties of TRC under a gradual increase in temperature. TRC [1, 2] is a composite material consisting of a fine-grained UHPC matrix and textile glass fibres, known as AR-Glass. A very high load-bearing composite can be produced by combining the high compressive strength of UHPC (approximately 150 MPa) and the high tensile strength of textile glass fibres (about 2200 MPa). Samples 1100 x 120 x 20 mm in size were produced for the experiment. The samples were placed in a thermal chamber and were submitted to a constant load. In the next step, a gradual increase in temperature up to 75oC was simulated using heating cables located on the bottom of the chamber. We monitored the changes in bending in the middle of the span. Since the experiments are very time-consuming, the experiment was also simulated using a numerical model. Finally, there is a qualitative comparison of the two methods.

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Orlowsky, J., and M. Raupach. "Modelling the loss in strength of AR-glass fibres in textile-reinforced concrete." Materials and Structures 39, no. 6 (June 16, 2006): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9100-5.

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22

Liu, Jianxun, Jianping Yang, Haibin Huo, Liang Lei, Ying Cui, and Zhishen Wu. "Study on the Effect of Different Fe2O3/ZrO2 Ratio on the Properties of Silicate Glass Fibers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9523174.

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A series of silicate glass fibers with different ratios of Fe2O3/ZrO2 were prepared, and their corrosion resistance, mass loss, and strength loss were characterized. The crystallization and melting properties of the fibers were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high temperature viscometer, and high temperature microscope. The results show that the deformation temperature, sphere temperature, hemisphere temperature, and crystallization temperature of the fiber initially decrease and then increase with the increase of Fe2O3/ZrO2 ratio, while the molding temperature decreases with the increase of the ratio of Fe2O3/ZrO2. When the ratio is close to 1 : 1, its alkali resistance is almost same as that of AR-glass fiber, and the drawing process performance is better. However, with the increase of the ratio, its alkali resistance continues to decline and the poor wire drawing performance is not conducive to the drawing operation.

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23

Bompadre, Francesca, Christina Scheffler, Toni Utech, and Jacopo Donnini. "Polymeric Coatings for AR-Glass Fibers in Cement-Based Matrices: Effect of Nanoclay on the Fiber-Matrix Interaction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125484.

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Polymeric coatings are widely used to enhance the load bearing capacity and chemical durability of alkali-resistant glass (AR-glass) textile in cement-based composites. The contact zone between coated yarns and concrete matrix plays a major role to enable the stress transfer and has still to be improved for the full exploitation of the mechanical behavior of the composite. As a new approach, this paper studies how the addition of nanoclay particles in the polymer coating formulation can increase the chemical bond between organic coating and inorganic matrix. This includes the description of the water-based coating preparation by dispersing sodium montmorillonites, whereby the resulting coating nanostructure is characterized by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Single glass fibers were treated by dip-coating. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the surface roughness, and the effect on the fiber tensile properties was studied. Moreover, the morphological and chemical characteristics of the coatings were compared with the results obtained from single fiber pull-out (SFPO) tests. It was shown that the incorporation of nanoclays leads to increased interfacial shear strength arising from the ability of nanoclay particles to nucleate hydration products in the fiber-matrix contact zone.

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Hung, T. D., D. Pernica, Dora Kroisová, Oleg Bortnovsky, Petr Louda, and Vladka Rylichova. "Composites Base on Geopolymer Matrices: Preliminary Fabrication, Mechanical Properties and Future Applications." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.477.

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Geopolymer matrice Composites are fabricated at room temperature or thermoset in a simple autoclave. After approximately four hours of curing, composite materials exhibit excellent properties. Finding applications of geopolymeric composites in all fields of industry are the hot topics. This paper covers: (i) mechanical properties of fibers: carbon, Saint-Gobain Cemfil/CFV alkali resistance glass (various types), ARG-NEC (Nippon electric Columbia) alkali resistance glass, E-glass for pultrusion, AR glass for pultrusion were evaluated in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS R 7601). (ii) properties of geopolymeric matrices: geopolymeric matrices are fabricated from various types of geopolymeric resins that were made at Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Inc., Czech Republic and testing for mechanical properties, and by SEM for structure characterization. (iii) fabrication procedures of geopolymer matrix composites with carbon and other fiber reinforcements. (iv) results of mechanical testing of geopolymer composites, SEM for adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement, and (v) Results and discussion.

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Moceikis, R., A. Kičaitė, G. Sahmenko, and A. Korjakins. "Properties of thin wall cement composites reinforced with AR glass, carbon and PVA fibres." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 660 (December 4, 2019): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/660/1/012038.

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Furtos, Gabriel, Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Bogdan Baldea, and Cristina Prejmerean. "Development and characterization of new AR glass fiber-reinforced cements with potential medical applications." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, no. 2 (September 21, 2012): 1266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38508.

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Colombo, Isabella, Matteo Colombo, Anna Magri, Giulio Zani, and Marco di Prisco. "Textile Reinforced Mortar at High Temperatures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.202.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) is a composite made by fine grained matrix and glass fabric reinforcement. The main advantages of this material are the reinforcement orientation in the tensile stress direction, no concrete cover requirement against corrosion and the capability to produce thin and light weight elements. Special attention was given by researchers to the time dependent loss in strength of AR-glass reinforcement embedded in a cement based matrix. Some research has shown durability models to calculate the amount to the strength loss related to material, humidity and temperature. Nevertheless, the behaviour of TRM when exposed to high temperature requires further investigations. A suitable experimental programme was planned to investigate the behaviour of TRM when exposed to high temperatures. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed after thermal cycle on 400 mm x 70 mm specimens 6 mm thick, reinforced with 2 layer of AR-glass fabric. Several thermal thresholds (20, 200, 400 and 600°C) were considered for the mechanical characterization in fire condition. Thermal cycles were performed in an oven using a heating rate of 30°C/h up to the maximum temperature and by a cooling branch at 15°C/h after a stabilization phase at the maximum temperature.

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Bittner, Tomáš, Petr Tej, Miroslav Vokáč, Petr Bouška, and Šárka Nenadálova. "Experimental Tests of White UHPC Plates Reinforced by PVA Fibres and Textile Glass Reinforcement." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.83.

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The paper is about a research focused on a development of thin slabs made from white UHPC. These slabs are reinforced by scattered PVA fibres and textile glass reinforcement in form of 2D net. The aim of the experiment is the development of tin slabs that can be used as facade or roof panels. The course of the experimental tests of these slabs and its correspondence with the numeric analysis made with ATHENA software is in the paper. Three slab specimens with size of 750 x 125 x 15 mm were tested in four-point bending. The white UHPC matrix was reinforced by the scattered PVA fibres and the 2D textile glass reinforcement with mesh 20 x 20 mm. The used 2D reinforcement was coated against alkali conditions, so called AR - Glass with 2400 TEX fineness. The reinforcement was placed and fixed near the lower surface of the slabs. The course of the tests was continually monitored by an automatic measuring unit where especially the acting force, the deformation in the middle of the span, the deformation in the supports and the progressive formation and development of cracks were detected. The numeric model was created in 3D surroundings of Gid 2011 program and then converted into ATENA software.

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Ortlepp, Regine. "Efficient Adaptive Test Method for Textile Development Length in TRC." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4650102.

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Natural resources can be conserved if we carefully maintain the building stock and indeed extend the useful economic life of buildings. One way to achieve this is to enhance load-bearing structures by repair, restoration, or strengthening. Such upgrading often involves applying a strengthening to existing concrete elements. Over the past decade, textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), encompassing a combination of fine-grained concrete and noncorrosive multiaxial textile fabrics, has emerged as a promising novel alternative for strengthening of conventional steel-reinforced concrete (RC) structures, offering enhanced load-bearing capacity with minimal weight and stiffness change. Although TRC has been extensively researched during the last two decades, the formalization of experimental methods and design standards is still in progress. Attempts to design for good load transfer are often hindered by lack of knowledge regarding bond behaviour. For instance, there are neither standard recommendations nor proofs regarding the required development length of textile fibres in TRC for practical applications up to now. The aim of this work was to provide a test specification, which gives a direct result for the development length (required for the anchorage of a reinforcement, also referred to as “anchorage length”) of textile reinforcements in fine-grained concrete—quickly and easily. The aim of this paper was to present the test specification developed in a way that it is useful for the future work of other researchers as well as for construction engineers. Some selected experimental investigations with different textile reinforcements and different bonding properties were performed with the aim of showing the applicability of the proposed adaptive test specification. The results of these tests indicated that conventional AR glass and carbon fabrics without coating required large anchoring lengths. The tests further showed that an additional application of different kinds of coating to textile fabrics greatly increased the reinforcement’s resistance to pullout. This is of special interest for carbon fibres, which have a substantially higher strength than AR glass fibres and different bond behaviour; that is, carbon fibres have, by nature, larger development lengths.

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Chodun, Rafał, Bartosz Wicher, Łukasz Skowrński, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier, Sebastian Okrasa, Andrzej Grabowski, Roman Minikayev, and Krzysztof Zdunek. "Multi-sided metallization of textile fibres by using magnetron system with grounded cathode." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 3 (October 20, 2017): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0078.

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AbstractThe synthesis of coatings on textiles fibers enables functionalization of their properties e.g.: changing the reaction on IR radiation. In our experiment, a magnetron with a grounded cathode and positively biased anode was used as a source of plasma. A ring anode was positioned at 8 cm distance from the cathode. Samples of glass and cotton textile were placed at the plane of the anode. Ti and TiN coatings were deposited by sputtering of titanium target in Ar or Ar+ N2 atmosphere. SEM studies showed that, using the magnetron system described above, the textile fibers were covered by the 2 μm to 3 μm thick coatings. Unexpectedly, the coatings were deposited at both sides of the samples: the front side was exposed to glow discharge plasma and the backside was completely shaded from the plasma. IR optical investigation exhibited significant change in reflectance and transmittance of the coated textiles. The using of standard magnetron system (grounded anode and cathode at negative potential) resulted in a coating deposition at the textile side exposed to the plasma action only. We believe that the multi-sided deposition of coatings observed during the process run with magnetron with grounded cathode is a result of an ambipolar diffusion mechanism in the anodic potential drop region.

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Abdulghani, Mays R., and Dr Ahmed S. Ali. "Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with 3D-Textile Composite Fiber." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.07.09.

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Normal concrete is weak against tensile strength, has low ductility, and also insignificant resistance to cracking. The addition of diverse types of fibers at specific proportions can enhance the mechanical properties as well as the durability of concrete. Discrete fiber commonly used, has many disadvantages such as balling the fiber, randomly distribution, and limitation of the Vf ratio used. Based on this vision, a new technic was discovered enhancing concrete by textile-fiber to avoid all the problems mentioned above. The main idea of this paper is the investigation of the mechanical properties of SCC, and SCM that cast with 3D AR-glass fabric having two different thicknesses (6, 10 mm), and different layers (1,2 layers). As well as micro-steel fiber with 1.25% volume fraction was used. Sixteen rectangular reinforced concrete beam specimens have been tested to study the behavior of their flexural strength. The results concluded that utilizing 3D-TFs with mortar mixture gave significantly higher enhancement for the load-carrying capacity than the concrete mixture. The utilization of 3D-TFs and micro-steel fiber together in the SCM mix gave better results. The stiffness of the specimens was improved with increasing the thickness and the number of textile fiber layers.

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Carandang, Gia Ginelle, and Kyoungjin Kim. "Numerical investigation on He and Ar gas convective cooling for optical fiber glass drawing at short draw towers." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (December 2019): 5653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1107-2.

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Donnini, Jacopo, Francesca Bompadre, and Valeria Corinaldesi. "Tensile Behavior of a Glass FRCM System after Different Environmental Exposures." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091074.

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The use of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems as externally bonded reinforcement for concrete or masonry structures is, nowadays, a common practice in civil engineering. However, FRCM durability against aggressive environmental conditions is still an open issue. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of a glass FRCM system, after being subjected to saline, alkaline and freeze–thaw cycles, has been investigated. The experimental campaign includes tensile tests on the fabric yarns, compression and flexural tests on the matrix and tensile tests (according to AC434) on FRCM prismatic coupons. The effects of the different environmental exposures on the mechanical properties of both the constituent materials and the composite system have been investigated and discussed. Ion chromatography analysis has also been performed to better understand the damage mechanisms induced by environmental exposures and to evaluate the ions’ penetration within the inorganic matrix. Alkaline exposure was shown to be the most detrimental for Alkali-Resistant (AR) glass fiber yarns, causing a reduction in tensile strength of about 25%. However, mechanical properties of the FRCM composite seemed not to be particularly affected by any of the artificial aging environments.

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Al-Lami, Karrar, Tommaso D’Antino, and Pierluigi Colombi. "Study of the Bond Capacity of FRCM- and SRG-Masonry Joints." CivilEng 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2010005.

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Fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) and steel-reinforced grout (SRG) have been increasingly applied as externally bonded reinforcement to masonry members in the last few years. Unlike fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), FRCM and SRG have good performance when exposed to (relatively) high temperature and good compatibility with inorganic substrates, and they can be applied to wet surfaces and at (reasonably) low temperatures. Although numerous studies investigated the mechanical properties and bond performance of various FRCM and SRG, new composites have been developed recently, and their performance still needs to be assessed. In this study, the bond behavior of three FRCM composites and one SRG composite applied to a masonry substrate is investigated. Sixteen single-lap direct shear tests (four tests for each composite) are performed. The FRCM studied comprised one layer of carbon, PBO (polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole), or alkali-resistant (AR)-glass bidirectional textile embedded within two cement-based matrices. The SRG composite comprised one layer of a unidirectional stainless-steel cord textile embedded within a lime-based matrix. The results show a peculiar bond behavior and failure mode for each composite. Based on these results, the behavior of the carbon and PBO FRCM is modeled solving the bond differential equation with a trilinear cohesive material law (CML).

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Al-Lami, Karrar, Tommaso D’Antino, and Pierluigi Colombi. "Study of the Bond Capacity of FRCM- and SRG-Masonry Joints." CivilEng 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2010005.

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Fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) and steel-reinforced grout (SRG) have been increasingly applied as externally bonded reinforcement to masonry members in the last few years. Unlike fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), FRCM and SRG have good performance when exposed to (relatively) high temperature and good compatibility with inorganic substrates, and they can be applied to wet surfaces and at (reasonably) low temperatures. Although numerous studies investigated the mechanical properties and bond performance of various FRCM and SRG, new composites have been developed recently, and their performance still needs to be assessed. In this study, the bond behavior of three FRCM composites and one SRG composite applied to a masonry substrate is investigated. Sixteen single-lap direct shear tests (four tests for each composite) are performed. The FRCM studied comprised one layer of carbon, PBO (polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole), or alkali-resistant (AR)-glass bidirectional textile embedded within two cement-based matrices. The SRG composite comprised one layer of a unidirectional stainless-steel cord textile embedded within a lime-based matrix. The results show a peculiar bond behavior and failure mode for each composite. Based on these results, the behavior of the carbon and PBO FRCM is modeled solving the bond differential equation with a trilinear cohesive material law (CML).

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Rezig, A., Ahmed Yousfi, Sylvain Fréour, and Frédéric Jacquemin. "Effect of Erosion by Sand Particles on Wind Turbine Blades Performance in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 42 (April 2019): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.42.24.

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This paper presents the results of experimental research to investigate blade material surface deterioration of wind turbines located in arid areas caused by sand particles impacts and the resulting influence on their energetic performance. Tests are conducted in the erosion sandblaster then in the wind tunnel for uncoated Glass Fiber/Polyester blade at various angles and durations impact. The magnitudes of aerodynamics forces on a Naca 4412 profile are determined experimentally. All profiles (AR=0.571) are tested in a wind tunnel at air speed of 10 m/s at Reynolds number 6.5 x 105. The results show the behavioral differences detected for the specimens with T =160 s, T = 240 s and T = 340 s (when Ra increases) by comparing them with the smooth specimen (T = 0 s, Ra= 0.94). Force coefficients (CL and CD) show significant changes which leads to a decrease of the lift-to-drag ratio and therefore there will be a notable performance loss. This will be an acceptable threshold for the case where t = 160s.

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Feng, Haisheng, Yong Qiu, Lijun Qian, Yajun Chen, Bo Xu, and Fei Xin. "Flame Inhibition and Charring Effect of Aromatic Polyimide and Aluminum Diethylphosphinate in Polyamide 6." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010074.

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An aromatic macromolecular polyimide (API) was synthesized and characterized, and used as a synergistic charring flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GF/PA6). API and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) exhibited better flame inhibition behavior and synergistic charring flame retardant behavior compared with ADP alone. The 5%API/7%ADP/GF/PA6 sample achieved the lower peak value of the heat release rate (pk-HRR) at 497 kW/m2 and produced higher residue yields of 36.1 wt.%, verifying that API and ADP have an outstanding synergistic effect on the barrier effect. The API/ADP system facilitated the formation of a carbonaceous, phosphorus and aluminum-containing compact char layer with increased barrier effect. FTIR spectra of the residue and real-time TGA-FTIR analysis on the evolved gases from PA6 composites revealed that API interacted with ADP/PA6 and locked in more P–O–C and P–O–Ar content, which is the main mechanism for improving flame inhibition and charring ability. In addition, the API/ADP system improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of GF/PA6 composites compared to ADP alone.

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Maroudas, Spyros R., and Catherine Corina G. Papanicolaou. "Effect of High Temperatures on the TRM-to-Masonry Bond." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.533.

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This work is devoted to the experimental assessment of the Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM)-to-masonry residual bond characteristics as a function of temperature. For this purpose, shear bond tests on single-lap/single-prism specimens were conducted after their exposure at different temperature levels, namely at 100°C, 200°C and 300°C. Specimens consisted of a strip of cementitious mortar reinforced with an uncoated alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber textile unilaterally bonded on a fired clay brick masonry wallette (prism). For each heating event, a sharp temperature rise rate was opted for the achievement of the target temperature at which the specimens remained for one hour. Reference specimens were also tested at ambient conditions (20°C). Tests were carried out by varying both bond lengths and exposing temperatures. Two specimens were tested for each combination of bond length and exposing temperature. Material characterization tests were also carried out at each temperature level including ambient. The experimental results provide valuable insight on the degradation of the TRM-to-masonry bond capacity following a heating event and on the related failure modes.

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Rampini, Marco Carlo, Giulio Zani, Matteo Colombo, and Marco di Prisco. "Mechanical Behaviour of TRC Composites: Experimental and Analytical Approaches." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071492.

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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a promising high-performance material that has been employed with success in new constructions, as well as a strengthening layer of existing structural components. In this work, we document the optimisation procedure of textile-based composites for new construction and for the seismic retrofitting of under-reinforced concrete elements and masonry buildings. The study, aimed at maximising the material performances avoiding waste of economic resources, was addressed by means of a series of uniaxial tensile tests conducted on a wide set of alkali-resistant (AR) glass fabrics and TRCs. The samples differed in terms of cement-based matrices, embedded textiles and addition of dispersed microfibers. The results highlight the effects of fabric characteristics and introduction of short fibres on the mechanical behaviour, proposing novel comparison parameters based upon the load bearing capacity and the deformation response of the composites. The application of simplified analytical models borrowed from the literature finally revealed the limitations of the available predictive approaches, suggesting future lines of investigation.

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Chow, Cheuk Lun, and Wan Ki Chow. "FIRE SAFETY ASPECTS OF REFUGE FLOORS IN SUPERTALL BUILDINGS WITH COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2009.15.225-236.

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High-rise buildings in many big cities in the Far East, including Hong Kong, call for refuge floors as a matter of both practicality and compliance with regulations. Even though many countries’ fire codes are not clear in spelling out the necessity for refuge floors, it is accepted within construction that such floors are essential in resisting fire, allowing users a means of escape and allowing emergency services a means of access to stricken buildings. This paper discusses the reasons behind providing refuge floors, while also considering related fire safety provisions, such as their enclosure behind fire‐resistant construction or the protection of their openings behind a water curtain. Our discussion takes a tall building with balconies as a test example of refuge floors, running a hazard assessment based on Computational Fluid Dynamics assuming a fire of the broadly accepted level of 2 MW. The paper concludes that the design of the building's façade finally determines whether or not a refuge floor and associated fire safety provisions, such as a water curtain, can be waived. As the flat modelled used to store a high amount of combustibles up to 1135 MJm−2, the breaking of large area of glass window could lead to a major conflagration. The consequences of a scenario with a fire of 25 MW are also discussed. Santrauka Daugelio Tolimųjų Rytų didžiųjų miestų aukštuminiuose pastatuose, taip pat ir Honkongo, reikalingi saugos aukštai, paisant praktiškumo ir atitikimo reikalavimus. Netgi jei daugelio šalių gaisrinės saugos normos aiškiai nereglamentuoja būtinybės įrengti saugos aukštų, konstrukciniu požiūriu tokie aukštai yra būtini gaisrinei saugai, užtikrinant pastato naudotojams evakuacijos galimybę ir avarinėms tarnyboms patekimą į pastatą. Straipsnyje aptariamos saugos aukštų įrengimo priežastys, taip pat įvertinamos susijusios tokios gaisrinės saugos priemonės, kaip atsparių ugniai konstrukcijų įrengimas arba angų apsauga vandens užuolaida. Nagrinėjamas aukštuminis pastatas su balkonais, kaip eksperimentinis saugos aukštų pavyzdys, įvertinant pavojų. Tai daroma naudojant skysčių dinamikos modeliavimą ir plačiai pripažintą 2 MW galios gaisrą. Straipsnyje daromos išvados, kad pastato fasado projektiniai sprendiniai daro įtaką, ar saugos aukštai ir susijusios tokios gaisrinės saugos priemonės, kaip vandens užuolaida, gali būti nenumatomi. Jei pastate numatoma saugoti daug degiųjų medžiagų viršijant 1135 MJm–2 gaisro apkrovą, didelio ploto langų išdužimas gali veikti visuminį užsidegimą. Aptariami ir 25 MW galios gaisro scenarijaus padariniai.

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Xue, H. G., Fang Hong Sun, Y. P. Ma, and Ming Chen. "Deposition of Smooth Diamond Films with High Adhesive Strength on WC-Co Inserts and Their Cutting Performance in Turning GFRP." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.755.

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Deposition processes of conventional diamond films and smooth fine-grained diamond films on cemented tungsten carbide inserts (SCMT120408-HR, 6wt. %Co) in the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) apparatus were investigated. A novel combined pretreatment of Murakami’s reagent, acid etching and microwave plasma decarburization in Ar-H2 gas was carried out. The adhesive strength of the films to the substrates, diamond-coated tool wear and surface roughness of the workpiece were further studied by turning glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) cylindrical bars. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the substrates and diamond films subjected to different pretreatments and deposition processes. Optical microscope and surface scanning profilometer were utilized to monitor the evolution of tool wear and surface roughness of the workpiece respectively during the cutting test. The experimental results showed that the novel combined pretreatment was more effective in enhancing the adhesive strength of diamond films to the substrate. Fine WC interlayer generated during the initial stage of the diamond film deposition played an important role in improving the adhesion. Diamond coated tools subjected to such pretreatment demonstrated up to 6 times longer tool life than uncoated ones. Varied parameter deposition process produced smooth fine-grained diamond films, which led to remarkably lower surface roughness of the workpiece in turning GFRP

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Askouni, Paraskevi D., Catherine (Corina) G. Papanicolaou, and Michael I. Kaffetzakis. "The Effect of Elevated Temperatures on the TRM-to-Masonry Bond: Comparison of Normal Weight and Lightweight Matrices." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102156.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) is a composite material that has already been successfully used as an externally bonded strengthening means of existing structures. The bond of TRM with various substrates is of crucial importance for determining the degree of exploitation of the textile. However, little is known on the effect of elevated/high temperatures on the TRM-to-substrate bond characteristics while relevant testing protocols are also lacking. This study focuses on the experimental assessment of the TRM-to-masonry bond after exposure of masonry wallettes unilaterally furnished with TRM strips at 120 °C and 200 °C for 1 h. The shear bond tests on cooled-down specimens were carried out using the single-lap/single-prism set-up. Two TRM systems were investigated sharing the same type of textile, which is a dry AR glass fiber one (either in a single-layer or in a double-layer configuration) and different matrices: one normal weight (TRNM) and another lightweight (TRLM) of equal compressive strengths. At control conditions (non-heated specimens) and after exposure at a nominal air temperature of 120 °C, both single-layer TRM systems exhibited similar bond capacities. After exposure at a nominal air temperature of 200 °C single-layer and double-layer TRNM overlays outperformed their TRLM counterparts. A critical discussion is based on phenomenological evidence and measured response values.

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Azwar, Zafril Imran, and Irma Melati. "FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI IKAN BETUTU ( Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr) DENGAN SISTEM TERKONTROL." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 6, no. 3 (December 30, 2011): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.6.3.2011.447-456.

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Suatu percobaan untuk memperbaiki sintasan ikan betutu fase “Growth out” telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Basah Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Ar Tawar, Bogor. Wadah percobaan yang digunakan adalah fiber glass berdiameter 1,5 m dan ketinggian 0,5 m. Wadah dirancang sistem resirkulasi, melalui bak stok air (2,5 m3) dan bak pemanasan air (0,6 m3), kemudian pada masing-masing wadah pemeliharaan dirancang biofilter yang berfungsi membersihkan air. Air dari bak stok, dialirkan ke dalam bak pemanasan, kemudian didistribusikan ke wadah pemeliharaan (6 unit) secara gravitasi. Dengan adanya sistem pemanasan suhu air dalam bak pemeliharaan dipertahankan 28oC-29oC. Pada masing-masing bak ditebar 25 ekor ikan betutu ukuran sekitar 40±3,7 g. Sebagai perlakuan dalam percoban ini adalah frekuensi pemberian pakan yaitu pemberian 2 kali (pukul 08.00 dan 16.00); 3 kali (pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00); dan 4 kali (pukul 08.00, 12.00, 16.00, dan 20.00). Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan acak kelompok, dan terdiri atas tiga kelompok periode waktu sebagai ulangan (blok). Setiap periode percobaan dilaksanakan selama 60 hari. Pakan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah ikan rucah, Tubifex beku, dan diberikan dengan prinsip dikenyangkan (ad satiasi). Parameter yang dievaluasi adalah penambahan bobot badan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, dan sintasan. Sebagai parameter penunjang adalah laju pengosongan lambung dan usus, serta profil enzim protease pada usus. Untuk mendapatkan data ini dilakukan percobaan terpisah, dengan menggunakan ikan berbobot sekitar 40 g sebanyak 60 ekor. Ikan diberi pakan hingga kenyang, kemudian dilakukan sampling setiap 30 menit, isi organ pecernaan diamati dan ditimbang, juga dilakukan pengamatan enzim protease. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan, bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan penambahan bobot tertinggi dicapai pada pemberian pakan 2 kali/hari. Lambung ikan betutu akan kosong setelah 6 jam dari saat pemberian pakan, sedangkan profil enzim protease memperlihatkan pola yang sejalan dengan laju pengosongan lambung.<br /><br />

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Nagata, Satoshi, Tomoaki Tsutsumi, Akihiro Hasegawa, Fuyuko Yoshida, Yoshio Ueno, and Mariyo F. Watanabe. "Enzyme Immunoassay for Direct Determination of Microcystins in Environmental Water." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.2.408.

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Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for direct quantitation of microcys- tins (MCs), a group of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins. An anti-MC monoclonal antibody exhibiting broad cross-reactivity to major MC derivatives was used. The detection limit and linear range of the ELISA standard curve with microcystin-(leucine-ar-ginine) (MCLR), a variant of MCs, were 20 and 20–500 pg/mL, respectively. For analysis of MC released from cyanobacterial cells, water sample filtered through a glass fiber filter was applied directly to ELISA. For analysis of total MC (released MC plus intracellular MC), intracellular toxin was extracted by freeze-thawing twice before filtration. Mean recovery of MCLR added to tap water and toxin-free environmental water was 101%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3% at toxin levels of 20–500 pg/mL. Mean recovery of MCLR added to toxin-free cyanobacterial extracts was 93%, with a CV of 12.5% at toxin levels of 50–500 pg/mL. At 20 pg/mL, an increasing matrix effect on assay variance was observed; therefore, both released MC and total MC were measured in the range 50–500 pg/ mL. Comparative studies with a liquid chromatographic (LC) method showed that the ELISA gives a reliable correlation with LC for analysis of MC in water extracts of natural blooms and cultured cyanobacterial cells (r = 0.98). The ELISA was applied to water samples collected from lakes and ponds in Japan. In 4 of 13 and 12 of 17 samples, 81–800 pg released MC/mL and 64–94 000 pg total MC/mL were detected, respectively. By LC separation followed by the ELISA analysis, the presence of MCLR, microcystin-arginine-arginine, and micro-cystin-tyrosine-arginine were confirmed in 4 ELISA-positive samples selected randomly. The newly developed ELISA is a reliable and powerful method for mass monitoring of MC levels in environmental water.

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Larsen, Erik Stoklund, and Herbert Krenchel. "Durability of FRC-Materials." MRS Proceedings 211 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-211-119.

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AbstractAsbestos cement was the first type of FRC-material that was ever made. It consisted of neat, hardened Portland cement reinforced with asbestos fibres (Vt - 7 vol-%). The most outstanding and valuable property of a high quality asbestos cement was the highly improved durability of this composite material in comparison to what would have been the case, if no fibres had been added or the fibre reinforcement of this extremely brittle matrix had been carried out incorrectly.This paper describes an analysis of the variation in time of the fracture energy, GF, of different types of FRC-material exposed to various climatic conditions.The following types of fibres were examined: steel fibre, ar-glass fibre, synthetic fibre (polypropylene) and natural fibre (sisal fibre and paper pulp cellulose).The climatic exposure conditions were natural out-door weathering or laboratory tests in a special weather-o-meter. Three test series were carried out at the Danish Building Research Institute. The results from these tests have been compared to results from five test series taken from the literature (ar-glass-, steel-, polypropylen-, sisal-fibres and neat concrete).It is concluded that natural and glass fibres are losing strength and ductility in a cementitious matrix. This results in a drastically reduced fracture energy of the composite material over the years. In the worst cases practically no fibre effect is left after some ten years of normal out-door exposure.For the best types of fibres examined (steel fibre, high tenacity, high bond polypropylene and combinations of these two types) the ductility and fracture energy of the composites are increasing significantly even after very long time of exposure.

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"EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MODIFICATION IN EXPANSIVE SOIL USING AR GLASS FIBRE WITH FLY ASH UNDER COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS." International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development 4, no. 03 (March 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21090/ijaerd.91480.

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"Physical Properties of AR-Glass Fibers in Continuous Fiber Spinning Conditions." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 55, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2017.55.4.290.

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"Flexural Behavior of Hybrid PVA Fiber and AR-Glass Textile Reinforced Geopolymer Composites." Fibers 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6010002.

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Ambroise, J., J. Dejean, and J. Pera. "Study of Fiber Matrix Interfaces in Metakaoline-Opc Blended Cement GRC Composites." MRS Proceedings 114 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-114-175.

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ABSTRACTDuctility is one of the main requirements of a reliable building material; the traditional LOP and MOR criteria do not reveal this quality. Other criteria based on deflection, energy or bond-slip relationships are presented. They are applied to four very different series of composites: very brittle, very ductile, and intermediate. The results point out that only the criteria based on the flexural test up to splitting, at a constant deflection rate, can reveal the higher ductility of the metakaoline-OPC blended matrix associated with AR glass. From this test, the bond-slip relationship can be determined. This leads to the definition of a comparative parameter which describes the mechanical interfacial compatibility of the matrix versus the fibers.

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Zhang, Qin, Sanya Li, Susu Gong, Guanhua Zhang, Guangheng Xi, and Yaoqing Wu. "Study on Flexural Properties of Basalt Fiber Textile Reinforced Concrete (BTRC) Sheets Including Short AR-Glass Fibers." Frontiers in Materials 7 (October 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00277.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AR-glass fibre'

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