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Akl, Amira. "Multimodal Expressions of Young Arab Muslim American Women." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404692026.
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Al-Ma'seb, Hend Batel. "Acculturation factors among Arab/Moslem women who live in the western culture." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155667617.
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Aydogdu, Zeynep. "Modernity, Multiculturalism, and Racialization in Transnational America: Autobiography and Fiction by Immigrant Muslim Women Before and After 9/11." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557191593344128.
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Baligh, Lamece A. ""Now is not the time to cower" : racialized representations, articulations, and contestations of Arab American women /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095234.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 355-381). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Eltantawy, Nahed Mohamed Atef. "U.S. Newspaper Representation of Muslim and Arab Women Post 9/11." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/18.
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This study examines U.S. newspaper representation of Muslim-Arab women post 9/11 with an aim of better understanding how women are portrayed in relation to religion, society, politics and the economy. Through a discourse analysis, I examined local articles from across the nation, in addition to international articles, that examine various aspects of Muslim-Arab women’s lives between 9/11/2001 and 9/11/2005. With the increasing focus on the Muslim world in general, and Muslim women in particular, it is necessary to determine how women are portrayed. Muslim-Arab women have increasingly been on the face covers of magazines and front pages of newspapers since 9/11 and all the events that followed; among the major topics covered were the war in Afghanistan, the U.S.-led Iraqi invasion, as well as the elections in both countries. This project aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the diverse stereotypes used by Western reporters to describe Muslim-Arab women, their appearance, status, roles, obligations,responsibilities and aspirations. The analysis also examines the journalistic practices that contribute to distortion and stereotyping.
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Aceves, Sara. "Ain't I a Muslim woman?: African American Muslim Women Practicing 'Multiple Critique'." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/38.
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This thesis explores both limits and possibilities. It reflects on processes of appropriation, re-signification and critique as practiced variably by African American Muslim women. I situate these processes within the concept of multiple critique, for specifically three moments-Sherman Jackson's Third Resurrection, the black feminist tradition, and Islamic feminisms.
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Al-Matrafi, Huda. "The representation of women in contemporary Arab-American novels." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570661.
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Contemporary Arab-American women's writing is preoccupied with the ambivalence of the Arab-American identity. Analyzing Soheir Khashoggi's, Diana Abu-Jaber's, and Laila Halaby's novels, this thesis investigates what is meant by 'Arab-American' in these works by comparing and contrasting the representation of women as citizens both of an Arab world and an American one. Examining their novels from feminist and social perspectives and using these paradigms to understand Arab-American literature, the study shows how the three novelists introduce specific key themes concerning the lives of women, such as individuality, dignity, love, violence, the veil, virginity, honor killing, marriage, marital rape, and labor. A key feature of the three novelists' texts is the manner in which their fiction highlights the idealization of western civilization and the portrayal of Arab culture as backward. This generates two opposed worlds and clashing cultures, which introduce the reader to the issue of 'otherness', whether that of being a woman, an Arab, or an Arab- American. In others words, this study draws attention to how these authors' fiction testifies to the segregation and oppression of Arab women, on one hand, and demonstrates the resilience and strength of Arab-American women on the other. In order to do this, the authors frequently have recourse to authentic religious sources and traditional practices, as well as to political crises, such as the 9/11 attacks. This study aims therefore to show how these novelists, who are all Arab-American women living in the dilemma of political disasters occurring between the Arab world and the American world, have managed in their writings loudly to call for changes on personal, social, and political levels. Furthermore, it examines how the novelists involve the reader in the victimization of the female characters in order either to highlight, or to criticize the popular stereotypical image of Arabs and of Arab-Americans that exists today.
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Bawadi, Hala Ahmad. "Migrant Arab Muslim women's experiences of childbirth in the UK." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3039.
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This research study explored the meanings attributed by migrant Arab Muslim women to their experiences of childbirth in the UK. The objectives of the study were: • To explore migrant Arab Muslim women's experiences of maternity services in the UK. • To examine the traditional childbearing beliefs and practices of Arab Muslim society. • To suggest ways to provide culturally sensitive care for this group of women. An interpretive ontological-phenomenological perspective informed by the philosophical tenets of Heidegger (1927/1962) was used to examine the childbirth experiences of eight Arab Muslim women who had migrated to one multicultural city in the Midlands. Three in-depth semi structured audiotaped interviews were conducted with each woman; the first during the third trimester of pregnancy (28 weeks onwards), the second early in the postnatal period (1-2 weeks after birth) and the third one to three months later. Each interview was conducted in Arabic, then transcribed and translated into English. An adapted version of Smith’s model of interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith 2003) together with the principles of Gadamer (1989) were used to analyse the interview data, aided by the use of the software package NVivo2. The analysis of the women’s experiences captures the significance of giving birth in a new cultural context, their perception of the positive and negative aspects of their maternity care and the importance of a culturally competent approach to midwifery practice. Six main themes emerged from analysis of the interviews: ‘displacement and reformation of the self’, ‘by the grace of God’, ‘the vulnerable women,’ ‘adaptation to the new culture,’ ‘dissonance between two maternity health systems’ and ‘the valuable experience’. These themes reflected the women’s lived experiences of their childbirth in the UK. The implications for communities, institutions, midwifery practice and further research are outlined. The study concludes that in providing culturally competent care, maternity caregivers should be aware of what might be significant in the religious and cultural understandings of Arab women but also avoid cultural stereotyping by maintaining an emphasis on individualised care.
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Read, Jennifer Jen'nan. "Dressed for success : culture, class, and labor force achievement among Arab-American women /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008426.
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Abu, Sarhan Taghreed Mahmoud. "Voicing the Voiceless: Feminism and Contemporary Arab Muslim Women's Autobiographies." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1322605173.
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Chavoshpour, Mansoureh. "Conversion to Islam and veiling among American Muslim women in Kansas." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5593.
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Over the past decade, Islam has come of age in America. Despite Islam being a controversial subject, its presence in America is obvious, becoming the fastest growing religion in the United States. While Americans are selecting Islam as a religion and way of life, the number of converts of women outnumber men by about four times, raising the question of why women more than men have converted to Islam.
The process and reasons for American and European women’s conversion to Islam have been studied by scholars of American Muslims and especially American converts to Islam. My thesis reveals that women converts in Wichita offer similar reasons for conversion to those discovered by these other scholars. As with their studies, I found through ethnographic interviews that American women experienced problems with the Christian concept of the trinity, were attracted to the Islamic notion of women’s rights, and found satisfaction in the comprehensiveness of Islam. I also explored what converts think Islamic beliefs are regarding women covering, since while covering is a widespread cultural practice in countries that are Muslim-majority, the hijab stands out as a minority practice in countries where the vast majority of the population is not Muslim.
The approach used in this study was to use a snowball sampling technique to find subjects for face-to-face interviews in which I asked a series of questions. A total of 20 female conversion narratives were examined in hopes of answering the question of what motivated these women to convert as well as what the converts thought about hijab. My research reveals that because my informants are American Muslims, their conformity to Quranic rules concerning modesty in dress is expressed in terms of their rights as women to personal dignity and freedom.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Liberal Studies
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Bosch, Marta (Bosch Vilarrubias). "Post-9/11 Representations of Arab Men by Arab American Women Writers: Affirmation and Resistance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392705.
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This dissertation provides an analysis of the representation of Arab American men in post-9/11 writings by Arab American women. This thesis contributes a new inquiry regarding Arab American literature in joining the subject of literature written by women and the study of Arab American masculinities. It delves into the construction (from both outsider and insider perspectives) of Arab American masculinities, at the same time as it expounds on the history of Arab (American) feminisms, placing Arab American women writers in a privileged space of contestation and critique in their fight against both sexism and racism. This dissertation wants to visibilize the nuanced depiction of Arab and Arab American men provided by Arab American women writers after 9/11, who have been informed by feminism since the 1990s. In their attempt to fight both sexism and racism, Arab American women provide ambivalent representations of Arab men that counter stereotypical discourses historically entrenched in the American psyche and also recurrent after 9/11. Furthermore, this thesis also intends to provide an analysis of fiction as a representation of reality, while also understanding literature as a potential conductor of change in cultural discourses. To do so, the dissertation is structured in four main parts which examine the context, reasons, and potential consequences of the specific portrayals of Arab American masculinities published by Arab American women after 9/11. The first chapter covers the historical vilification and racialization of Arab men in the United States, by taking on theories on biopolitics (Foucault), necropolitics (Mbembe, Puar), and monster-terrorist (Puar and Rai) in relation to the traumatic experience of September 11. The second deals with the discourses that aid in the social construction of Arab American identities and masculinities, with a special emphasis given to the theories of neopatriarchy (Sharabi), heterotopia (Foucault) and thirdspace (Soja, Bhaba). The construction of Arab American identities is also analyzed (David), as well as Arab American masculinities (Harpel). The third chapter examines the development and characteristics of Arab American feminisms (Hatem), as well as their influence to Arab American women writers. Finally, the fourth part takes on the theories from previous chapters and provides a literary analysis of the male characters in a group of selected novels published after 9/11. Those are: Diana Abu-Jaber's Crescent (2003), Laila Halaby's West of the Jordan (2003), Alicia Erian's Towelhead (2005), Laila Halaby's Once in A Promised Land (2007), Frances Kirallah Noble's The New Belly Dancer of the Galaxy (2007), Susan Muaddi Darraj's The Inheritance of Exile: Stories from South Philly (2007), Randa Jarrar's A Map of Home (2008), and Alia Yunis's The Night Counter (2009).Esta tesis proporciona un análisis de la representación de los hombres árabo-americanos en novelas escritas por mujeres después del 11 de septiembre. Este estudio contribuye una novedosa investigación en relación a la literatura árabo-americana al juntar el estudio de la literatura escrita por mujeres y el análisis de las masculinidades árabo-americanas. La tesis explora la construcción de las masculinidades árabo-americanas, al mismo tiempo que explica la historia de los feminismos árabo-americanos, situando a las mujeres árabo-americanas en un espacio privilegiado de contestación y crítica en su lucha contra el sexismo y contra el racismo. Esta tesis quiere visibilizar la compleja representación de los hombres árabes y árabo-americanos ofrecida por mujeres árabo-americanas después del 11 de septiembre, mujeres influenciadas por el feminismo desde los años noventa. En su lucha contra el sexismo y el racismo, estas mujeres proporcionan representaciones ambivalentes de hombres árabes que contrarrestan los discursos estereotípicos recurrentes después del 11 de septiembre y arraigados en la psique norteamericana. Además, proporciona un análisis de la ficción como representación de la realidad, entendiendo la literatura como conductor potencial de cambio en los discursos culturales. Para ello, el estudio se estructura en cuatro partes que examinan los contextos, razones y potenciales consecuencias de las representaciones específicas de las masculinidades árabo-americanas publicadas por mujeres después del 11 de septiembre. El primer capítulo cubre la vilificación y racialización históricas del hombre árabe en los Estados Unidos, tomando las teorías de “biopolitics” (Foucault), “necropolitics” (Mbembe, Puar), y “monster-terrorist” (Puar y Rai) para entender la experiencia traumática del 11 de septiembre. El segundo trata sobre los discursos que ayudan a la construcción social de las identidades y masculinidades árabo-americanas, dando especial énfasis a las teorías de “neopatriarchy” (Sharabi), “heterotopia” (Foucault) y “thirdspace” (Soja, Bhaba). La construcción de identidades árabo-americanas también es analizada, así como las masculinidades árabo-americanas. El tercer capítulo examina el desarrollo y características de los feminismos árabo-americanos, así como su influencia para las escritoras árabo-americanas. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo recoge las teorías expuestas en los capítulos previos y proporciona un análisis literario de los personajes masculinos en un grupo de novelas publicadas después del 11 de septiembre: Crescent (2003) de Diana Abu-Jaber, West of the Jordan (2003) de Laila Halaby, Towelhead (2005) de Alicia Erian, Once in A Promised Land (2007) de Laila Halaby, The New Belly Dancer of the Galaxy (2007) de Frances Kirallah Noble, The Inheritance of Exile: Stories from South Philly (2007) de Susan Muaddi Darraj, A Map of Home (2008) de Randa Jarrar, y The Night Counter (2009) de Alia Yunis.
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Kirdar, Serra. "Education, gender and cross-cultural experience with reference to elite Arab women." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db8d8e68-d8df-4cad-97d3-81fd3f4e939c.
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The core of the thesis investigates the role of education in the engendering of cultural change and leadership among a select group of a powerful 'first generation' of Arab women; specifically, the role of dual educational/cultural experiences, both Arab and Western. The broader aim of the study is to analyze the merging of cultural traditionalism and modernity and how dual education has enhanced the ability of women, especially Arab women, to become leaders in their professional careers, and within their respective communities, whilst still maintaining strong ties to their culture, religion and traditions, albeit to varying degrees. The writer has chosen to investigate the association between cultural identity and educational experience of elite educated Arab women, through a small sample, who have had exposure to both Western and Arab educational systems at different points in their lives. The researcher's heritage has led to a fundamental ideological interest in the coexistence of traditionalism and modernisation and whether the two can complement one another. There are now a significant number of Arab women who have had the privilege of education and exposure to the two types of systems. Yet, gender constraints and predefined gender roles still very much dictate the socio-cultural contexts in which such women have to operate. The patriarchal 'system' is omnipresent in the West as well as in the Arab world. The challenges the writer has faced even as a 'Western' Arab to reconcile tradition and intellectual and educational exposure has served as a greater impetus for this investigation. The investigation and the intent of this thesis as described above, is to test the preliminary hypothesis that, in the context of elite Arab women, their exposure to both West and Arab educational cultures is germane to their potential for influencing female professional development. How their educational experiences have influenced their own identities and their ability to adhere to the gender roles prescribed is of significant interest. What influence has such education had on these women's prospects for instituting and pioneering change in their respective societies and professions? Is the synergy of certain aspects of modernity and tradition possible? The general conclusion is that it is.
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Al-Hejin, Bandar. "Covering Muslim women : a corpus-based critical discourse analysis of the BBC and Arab news." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627632.
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Despite a proliferation of research on Islam and Muslims in the media, very little work has focused on Muslim women, a much-debated social group that clearly merits special consideration. More specifically, no studies have approached the topic with any comprehensive methodologies, certainly not from a critical linguistic perspective. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate how Muslim women are represented in the BBe News compared to Arab News, as major 'Western' and 'Muslim' news sources respectively. The textual analyses are based on two purpose-built corpora, the BBCC (1.9 million words in 3,269 articles) and the ANC (2.2 million words in 3,111 articles), comprising all available articles mentioning Muslim women in the two news organisations' web sites from 2001 to 2007. Drawing on theory from critical discourse studies, the research employs analytical tools and concepts from the Dialectical-relational, Socio-cognitive, Discourse-historical, and Sociosemantic approaches to critical discourse analysis. These are combined with corpusbased methodologies to investigate linguistic patterns associated with Muslim women across thousands of texts in each corpus. The analysis therefore stands apart from previous studies in two respects. The first is its exhaustive approach to identifying a wide range of salient as well as underreported issues related to Muslim women in news discourse. The second is demonstrating a more integrated approach to conducting the quantitative and qualitative analyses that uniquely enhances the synergy between critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. Findings suggest that Muslim women's representations are largely restricted in terms of regional coverage. Semantic macro structures related to conflict and crime are more prevalent in the BBC than Arab News. Muslim women in Arab News also appear in a wider range of contexts reporting their achievements and concerns in areas such as education, business and employment. Another contrast manifests itself in the way the two news sources construct the religion of Islam, especially in the context of women's rights where religious and cultural practices are often conflated. The hijab is a nodal discourse surrounding Muslim women in both news sources, but it was statistically more prominent in the BBe and its discourse prosody was more negative than in Arab News. The function of the hijab as a descriptive feature in some texts is often unclear, raising serious questions about its relevance. Overall, the representations of Muslim women are often problematic. Western 'liberal' narratives supported by 'evidence' from 'moderate' Muslim voices tend to be preferred in the BBe's reporting, especially with regard to the hijab. This results in a marginalisation of a majority of female Muslim voices. A number of recommendations are made for journalists to avoid recurrent misrepresentations of the experiences, hopes and concerns of different Muslim women. Keywords: critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, Muslim women, BBe, Arab News, media, newspapers, online news
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Frazier, Lisa R. "Power and surrender African American Sunni women and embodied agency /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/wsi_theses/15/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 27, 2010) Amira Jarmakani, committee chair; Layli Phillips, Margaret Mills Harper, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-99).
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Maloul, Linda Fawzi. "From immigrant narratives to ethnic literature : the contemporary fiction of Arab British and Arab American women writers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647377.
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The purpose of this thesis is to firmly situate the fictions of contemporary Arab British and Arab American women writers who write in English within the corpus of ethnic and mainstream literary criticism. I aim to position these fictions within their historical and sociopolitical contexts. I also aim to shift the focus from the texts’ female protagonists to male and minor characters in order to explore how the writers construct both political Islam and Islam as a private faith; how they construct Palestinian Muslim masculinities; and how they respond to the events of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror. I argue that these fictions offer some of the most astute reactions to the events of 9/11 and their repercussions. I also argue that Arab American literature in general and Arab American women’s literature in particular is more canny than its Arab British counterpart. Thus, I aim to show how Arab American literary productions refract a development from the literature of self-exploration to that of transformation allowing them a well-deserved spot in Ethnic-American literary studies and in time, mainstream American literary studies. Another of my aims is to investigate how Arab American and Arab British writers highlight the diversity of Arabs, Muslims and Islam, thus addressing essentialist reductions of Arabs and Muslims as a monolithic group. In chapter one, I investigate how Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun and Leila Aboulela’s Minaret negotiate issues such as Islamic clothing. I also question anew Arab women writers’ perceived role as “cultural commentators.” In chapter two, I explore how Laila Halaby’s West of the Jordan and Randa Jarrar’s A Map of Home construct Palestinian Muslim masculinities, and how they challenge the Anglo-American stereotypical representations of Arab Muslim masculinity. In chapter three, I analyse how Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land, Frances Khirallah Noble’s The New Belly Dancer of the Galaxy and Alia Yunis’ The Night Counter negotiate cultural, political and social views of America. I aim to examine whether Halaby, Noble and Yunis’ ambiguous position, as legally ‘white’ citizens who are also members of a marginalized and religiously racialized minority, offers them a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between ‘East’ and ‘West.’ In the conclusion, I offer some suggestions for future research.
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Al-Saud, Deema Turki Abdul Aziz. "Living in Two Worlds : An Investigation into the Identity of Arab Muslim Women in Contemporary Great Britain." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515416.
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This interdisciplinary dissertation draws upon Islamic, socio-cultural and legal studies to present an original investigation of an under-researched minority group, namely Arab Muslim women living in Great Britain. It investigates the construction of a social identity which is challenged by opportunities for integration into a secular society, and contrasting obligations posed by fumity traditions and the Shariah. The empirical section of this dissertation is based on 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with Arab Muslim women resident in the UK in 2005-2006. The interviews sought to understand participants' perceptions of their ethno-religious heritage in the light of their experience of living in urban, multi-cultural Great Britain where they are required to obey two systems of law - English Family Law and the Shariah. Interview data were supplemented by email questionnaires returned by five legal experts. These lawyers expressed a range of opinions on the issue of legal pluralism in Great Britain and the degree to which Muslim religious and cultural practices are accommodated in the UK. While views included in the interview data are not statistically representative, they arguably reflect a range of prevailing opinion among the wider population of Arab Muslim women in Great Britain. The findings emphasise that participants were able to express valuable insights by reflecting on how they perceive themselves and on how they feel they are perceived by others: This research concludes by noting that Arab Muslim women's identity, perhaps as a result of its transitional context, is considerably more fluid than media stereotypes would suggest, and that their attitudes towards Shariah injunctions governing their personal status convey an ambivalent mixture of piety and pragmatism. It is anticipated that these conclusions can stimulate others to embark on future research projects in this dynamic field.
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Massoud, Soulafa Shakhshir, and Vanessa Francis Romo. "The effect of the exposure to domestic violence on psychological well-being among American Muslim women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2994.
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A quantitative study that examines American Muslim women's level of exposure to domestic violence, resources available to them, and the effect of domestic violence on their psychological well-being. Data was collected from 128 Muslim women from the Islamic Center of Riverside in Southern California. The key finding of the study was a significant positive relationship between depression and the use of verbal aggression. In addition, a positive relationship was found to exist between anxiety, depression and the use of violence.
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Lambert, Karen Hunt. "Burmese Muslim Refugee Women: Stories of Civil War, Refugee Camps And New Americans." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1008.
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This thesis includes the narratives of three Burmese Muslim refugee mothers who made their homes in Logan, Utah, within three years of locating in the United States. Each woman’s life is written about in a different style of writing – journalism, ethnography and creative nonfiction –and is then followed by analysis looking at each piece in terms of representation
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Hurteau, Alicia. "Pedagogies of Solidarity: Feminist Poetry Written by Arab American Women Post September 11, 2001." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/910.
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This thesis materialized out of an urgency to legitimize more creative, plural, and curious ways of thinking critically about the implications of 9/11 specifically, and global terrorism generally. This thesis actively grapples with the question: how has feminist poetry written by Arab American women post 9/11 complicated, resisted, and re-imagined the creation of one homogenizing national narrative of the event? The data used in order to answer this research question comes from an analysis of the poetic work of five Arab American women, each of whom write explicitly within an anti-imperialist feminist framework. My thesis analyzes these poems in conversation with one another in order to synthesize and establish a pattern. In doing so, I extract three of the most prominent commonalities between the poems: (1) An insistence on dehomogenizing the Arab and the Arab American in direct contrast to the Western stereotypes that polarize and essentialize the Arab “other” (2) a desire to re-negotiate the politics of identity and visibility and (3) an ability to teach a way of suturing solidarity that is anti-imperialist, necessarily plural, and embodied as art. This thesis serves as a reminder that the groundwork for building more imaginative, creative, and generative coalitions has already been laid. It concludes that in learning from places of artistic re-visioning, it becomes more possible to chart connections and provoke loyalties that are resonant, resilient, and revolutionary.
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Abdel, Meguid Mona Bakry. "Measuring Arab immigrant women's definition of marital violence creating and validating an instrument for use in social work practice /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148507126.
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Abdulrahim, Safaa. "Between empire and diaspora : identity poetics in contemporary Arab-American women's poetry." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19525.
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This dissertation aims to contribute to the burgeoning field of Arab-American feminist critique through an exploration of the work of four contemporary Arab-American women poets: Etel Adnan (1925-), a poet and a visual artist and a writer, Naomi Shihab Nye (1952-), poet, a song writer, and a novelist, Mohja Kahf (1967-), a poet, an Islamic feminist critic and author, and Suheir Hammad (1973-), a hip-hop poet and political activist. The study traverses the intersections of stereotypical racial and Orientalist discourses with which these women contend, and which have been further complicated by being shaped against the backdrop of the “War on Terror” and hostility against Arabs, Muslims and Arab-Americans in the post-September 11 era. Hence, the study attempts to examine their poetry as a tool for resistance, and as a space for conciliating the complexities of their hyphenated identities. The last two decades of the twentieth-century saw the rise of a rich body of Arab-American women writing which has elicited increasing academic and critical interest. However, extensive scholarly and critical attention was mainly drawn to novels and non-fiction prose produced by Arab-American women writers as reflected in the huge array of anthologies, journal articles, book reviews and academic studies. Although such efforts aim to research and examine the racial politics that have impacted the community and how it relates to feminist discourses in the United States, they have rarely addressed or researched how the ramifications of these racialised politics and discourses are articulated in Arab-American women’s poetry per se. Informed by a wide range of postcolonial and United States ethnic theory and criticism, feminist discourses of women of colour such Gloria Anzaldúa's borderland theory, and Lisa Lowe's discussions of ethnic cultural formations in addition to transnational feminism, this study seeks to lay the groundwork for a complex analysis of Arab-American feminist poetics, based on both national and transnational literary approaches. The dissertation addresses the following questions: how does the genre of poetry negotiate identity politics and affiliations of belonging in the current polarized and historical moment? How do these women poets challenge the troubling oppressed/exoticised representations of Arab/Muslim women prevalent in the United States mainstream culture? How does each of these poets express their vision of social and political transformation? Emphasising the varying ethnic, religious, national, political, and cultural backgrounds and affiliations of these four poets, this dissertation attempts to defy any notion of the monolithic experience of Arab-American women, and argues for a nuanced understanding of specificity and diversity of Arab-American feminist experiences and articulations. To achieve its aim, the study depicts the historical evolution of Arab women’s poetry in the United States throughout four generations in order to examine the deriving issues and formative elements that contributed to the development of this genre, and also to pinpoint the defining characteristics marking Arab-American women poetry as a cultural production of American women of Arab descent. Through close readings and critical analyses of texts, the dissertation offers an investigation of some of the major themes and issues handled by these Arab-American women to highlight the most persistent tropes that mark this developing literary genre. Eventually, this study shows how literature, and specifically poetry becomes a conduit to investigate Arab-American cultural and sociopolitical conditions. It also offers productive explorations of identities and representations that transcend the rigid essential totalising categorisation of identity, while attempting to forge a new space for cultural translation and social transformation.
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Awad, Yousef Moh'd Ibrahim. "Cartographies of identities : resistance, diaspora, and trans-cultural dialogue in the works of Arab British and Arab American women writers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cartographies-of-identities-resistance-diaspora-and-transculturaldialogue-in-the-works-of-arab-british-and-arab-american-women-writers(80ca96ea-1ce5-4e2a-a6d2-019adc1a6036).html.
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The purpose of this thesis is to compare the works of contemporary Arab British and Arab American women novelists with a view toward delineating a poetics of the more nascent Arab British literature. I argue that there is a tendency among Arab British women novelists to foreground and advocate trans-cultural dialogue and cross-ethnic identification strategies in a more pronounced approach than their Arab American counterparts who tend, in turn, to employ literary strategies to resist stereotypes and misconceptions about Arab communities in American popular culture. I argue that these differences result from two diverse racialized Arab immigration and settlement patterns on both sides of the Atlantic. Chapter One looks at how Arab British novelist Fadia Faqir's My Name is Salma and Arab American novelist Diana Abu-Jaber's Arabian Jazz define Arabness differently in the light of the precarious position Arabs occupy in ethnic and racial discourses in Britain and in the United States. Chapter Two examines how Arab British women writers Ahdaf Soueif and Leila Aboulela valorize trans-cultural and cross-ethnic dialogues and alliances in their novels The Map of Love and Minaret respectively through engaging with the two (interlocking) strands of feminism in the Arab world: secular and Islamic feminisms. In Chapter Three, I demonstrate how the two novels of Arab American women writers Diana Abu-Jaber's Crescent and Laila Halaby's West of the Jordan explore the contradictions of Arab American communities from within and employ strategies of intertextuality and storytelling to subvert stereotypes about Arabs. As this study is interested in exploring the historical and socio-political contexts in which Arab women writers on both sides of the Atlantic produce their work, the conclusion investigates how the two sets of authors have represented, from an Arab perspective, the events of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror in their novels.
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Brooks, Heidi A. "The lived experience of honor among first generation Levantine Arab American women| A heuristic study." Thesis, Capella University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10240381.
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Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, there has been a significant amount of research on the Middle East and Islam. These studies inform the academic community regarding the culture and religion of the region and its people. An area of research regarding the culture and people of the Middle East that has not been represented in the literature is the experience of honor. Honor has been researched from a sociological and anthropological perspective, and honor killings have been present in the media. However, there was a need for the experience of honor, specifically among first generation Levantine Arab American women, to be explored in a qualitative study. The methodology used for this study was Moustakas’ heuristic research design, which allowed the primary researcher to illuminate the experience of honor among first generation Levantine Arab American women. The study found that honor was a complex experience for the participants. The multifaceted experience was familial and societal, public and private, and individual and collective. The experience of honor among first generation Levantine Arab American women was found to be one that started in early childhood and continued into adulthood, never really ending for the participant. The participants describe their lives as a struggle between the wants of the individual and the wants of the family and community. The implications of the study are discussed further in Chapter 5.
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En-Nabut, Iman. "The Lived Experiences of Immigrant Arab Muslim Women in the United States: Implications for Counselors and Other Helping Professionals." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/549.
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As the demographic landscape of the United States continues to change, counselors along with other helping professionals are going to be challenged to find ways to meet the varying personal, social, and academic needs of an increasingly multiracial, multi-religious, and multicultural population. This study was an attempt to document and explain through an ethnographic study the experiences of six immigrant Arab Muslim women, ranging in age from 21 to 35, living in the United States. Data were gathered in the participants' natural setting, utilizing ethnographic interviews. The general research question was "What are the lived experiences of immigrant Arab Muslim women in the United States?" Secondary questions were: (a) How do Arab American Muslim women perceive themselves culturally? (b) How do Arab American Muslim women describe their specific cultural experiences? (c) What barriers, if any, do Arab American Muslim women experience in their daily lives? (d) What do Arab American Muslim women describe as their support system? And, (e) What are Arab American Muslim women's viewpoints on seeking counseling? The findings reveal that the six immigrant Arab Muslim women participants have difficulty assimilating in a society that differs in values and beliefs from their culture of origin. From a multicultural and feminist point of view, I found that the experiences of the Muslim women can lead to a counseling curriculum that educates and informs in-coming counselors and encourages the seasoned mental health professionals to target their services toward this group. Support from friends and family or lack there of, played a major role in the women's integration. By learning about the experiences in their day to day lives, what they need, how they feel and react to those experiences, counselors and other helping professionals are more informed and better equipped to recruit, retain, and assist Arab American Muslim women in counseling.
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Rearick, Nicole Anne. ""Food is something that we gather around" foodway practices among Arab Americans in Columbus, Ohio /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243529334.
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Gregory, Amber Michelle. "Negotiating Muslim Womanhood: The Adaptation Strategies of International Students at Two American Public Colleges." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5229.
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From a Western perspective, North Americans and Western Europeans perceive Muslim women as being oppressed (Andrea 2009; Lutz 1997, 96; Ozyurt 2013). Led by this assumption, some view studying abroad as an international student as an experience that allows Muslim women the opportunity to "escape" this supposed oppression and to know "freedom" in the U.S. However, Muslim women's experiences are more dynamic and complex than this dualism suggests. In this thesis, I explore adaptation strategies of Muslim women international students, and how gender, race, and religion affect their experiences while abroad. Furthermore, I explore the women's use of emotion management as a means of navigating their experiences during their study abroad. Data consist of qualitative interviews with 11 Muslim women students from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Nigeria, Morocco, Oman, The Gambia, Kuwait, and India. Findings in this study are consistent with previous research of international students' challenges; Muslim women face difficulties with English language proficiency, new social network creation, transition to a student role, and management of finances during their study abroad. In addition, Muslim women international students actively synthesize traditional gender norms from their countries with new identity formations but also "police" others to ensure that they abide by traditional gender expectations. The Muslim women in this study learn and apply American racial schemas (Roth 2012) within a context of constructing the U.S. as a racial and religious paradise. Paradoxically, these women still feel the need to actively debunk negative stereotypes of Muslim communities. Yet, they still maintain connected with their home countries through daily religious involvement such as prayer and wearing the hijab.
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Islam, Inaash. "Racialization of Muslim-American Women in Public and Private Spaces: An Analysis of their Racialized Identity and Strategies of Resistance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77658.
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The aim of this research project is to investigate how Muslim-American undergraduate women experience racialization in public and private spaces, examine whether those experiences give rise to a racialized identity, and highlight how they resist and cope with their racialization. The recent application of the term racialization to discuss the Muslim experience in the west has encouraged scholars such as Leon Moosavi, Saher Selod, Mythili Rajiva, Ming H. Chen and others, to engage in critical discourse within the scholarship of race and ethnicity regarding this often-neglected population. It is due to the unique, and gendered relationship that the female Muslim-American population has with the United States, particularly as a result of 9/11 and the label of 'oppressed' being imposed upon them, that it is important to comprehend how specifically Muslim-American women experience racialization. While these studies have broadened the understanding of how Muslims are, and continue to be othered, few studies have focused on the specific areas within public and private spaces where this marginalized group is racialized. This study attempts to fill this gap in existing research by examining how peers, mass media, educational institutions, law enforcement, family, and religious communities racialize Muslim-American women, and how these gendered experiences shape their racialized sense of self. In doing so, it also examines the impact of religious, racial, ethnic and cultural signifiers on the female Muslim-American experience of racialization, and demonstrates how these women employ certain strategies of resistance and coping mechanisms to deal with their racialization.Master of Science
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Khoury, Nicole Michelle. "Hybrid identity and Arab/American feminism in Diana Abu-Jaber's Arabian Jazz." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2862.
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In her novel Arabian Jazz, Diana Abu-Jaber attempts to explore the Arab American identity as something new; as an identity that exists related to, but ultimately separate from, the Arab and American identities from which it was originally created. This thesis discusses the emergence of the depiction of the Arab American female identity in the novel, examining how the characters explore issues of race, class, imperialism, and sex within both the Arab and the American cultures as those issues shape female identity. The thesis also presents a rhetorical analysis of the speeches that allow the characters a voice with respect to how identity is shaped and reshaped throughout the novel.
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Al-Athari, Lamees. ""This rhythm does not please me" : women protest war in Dunya Mikhail's poetry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/865.
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El, Deek Hosry Manar. "Interrogations into Female Identity in Arab American literature." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040024.
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Cette thèse étudie des œuvres littéraires arabo-américaines contemporaines écrites par des femmes, plus spécifiquement les écrits d’Evelyn Shakir tels que Bint Arab, ainsi que plusieurs autres romans dont Arabian Jazz et Crescent de Diana Abu Jaber, The Inheritance of Exile de Susan Muaddi Darraj, The Night Counter d’Alia Yunis, et Once in a Promised Land de Laila Halaby. Elle montre comment ces œuvres construisent des univers où peuvent être interrogées les notions d’identité, de culture, d’ethnicité, et de genre. Les conflits quotidiens autour de l’identité sont traités en se fondant à la fois sur les œuvres critiques des femmes arabo-américaines et sur les études psycho-sociales du biculturalisme. De plus, ce travail met l’accent sur la formation de solidarités entre les femmes de couleur, en élargissant le concept de « conscience des zones frontalières » d’Anzaldua pour inclure les œuvres des écrivaines arabo-américaines. Les théories développées après la colonisation, particulièrement les études sur l’orientalisme à la suite d’Edward Said, sont également invoquées pour remettre en question le modèle oriental de la féminité. Enfin, cette thèse analyse la narration et son rôle dans la création d’un point d’ancrage pour les identités « exilées », insistant plus particulièrement sur la figure de Shéhérazade. Ce travail montre ainsi la façon dont les productions littéraires peuvent créer de nouveaux espaces pour comprendre les problèmes sociaux, politiques, culturels, ou ethniquesThis dissertation analyses contemporary Arab-American literary productions by female writers, specifically, Shakir’s collection of memoirs Bint Arab and her two short stories “Oh Lebanon” and “Name Calling,” as well as a selection of novels, Abu Jaber’s Arabian Jazz and Crescent, Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile, Alia Yunis’s The Night Counter, and Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land. It shows how these works construct a space which enables them to investigate questions of identity, culture, ethnicity and gender. Identity conflicts around everyday matters like physical appearance, color, dress codes, veiling, chastity, and marriage are addressed by drawing upon critical works by Arab-American female writers and psycho-social studies on biculturalism. Moreover, this work emphasizes coalition-building with women of color by extending Anzaldua’s concept of the “consciousness of the borderlands” to encompass works by Arab-American female writers. Theories by post-colonial thinkers, particularly Said’s studies on Orientalism, also contribute to the dissertation’s questioning of the Oriental model of womanhood. Finally, this dissertation envisages critical works that study storytelling and its role in creating a surrogate home for “exilic” identities, with special emphasis on the Scheherazadian narrative. This project views literary productions as an appropriate way to investigate social, political, cultural and ethnic issues. It shows how writings by Arab-American women contribute to exploring inner identity conflicts, how they connect with other minority groups, and how they create a new sense of home
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Hamdah, Butheina. "Liberalism and the Impact on Religious Identity: Hijab Culture in the American Muslim Context." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo151335793140375.
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Gramstrup, Louise Koelner. "Jewish, Christian, and Muslim women searching for common ground : exploring religious identities in the American interfaith book groups, the Daughters of Abraham." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25937.
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This thesis examines how women negotiate their identification within and as a group when engaging in interreligious dialogue. It is an in-depth case study of the women’s interfaith book groups, the Daughters of Abraham, located in the Greater Boston Area. This focus facilitates an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of relationships within one group, between different groups, and as situated in the American sociocultural context. I explore the tensions arising from religious diversity, and the consequences of participating in an interreligious dialogue group for understandings of religious self and others. Categories such as boundary, power, sameness, difference, self and other serve to explore the complexities and fluidity of identity constructions. I answer the following questions: How do members of the Daughters of Abraham engage with the group’s religious diversity? How does their participation in the Daughters of Abraham affect their self-understanding and understanding of the “other?” What can we learn about power dynamics and boundary drawing from the women’s accounts of their participation in the Daughters of Abraham and from their group interactions? Two interrelated arguments guide this thesis. One, I show that Daughters members arrive at complex and fluid understandings of what it means to identify as an American Jewish, Christian, and Muslim woman by negotiating various power dynamics arising from ideas of sameness and difference of religion, gender, and sociopolitical values. Two, I contend that the collective emphasis on commonalities in the Daughters of Abraham is a double-edged sword. Explicitly, this stress intends to encourage engagement with the group’s religious diversity by excluding those deemed too different. However, whilst this emphasis can generate nuanced understandings of religious identity categories, at times it highlights differences detrimental to facilitating such understanding. Moreover, this stress on commonalities illuminates the power dynamics and tensions characterizing this women’s interfaith book group. Scholarship has by and large overlooked women’s interreligious engagements with explicit ethnographic studies of such being virtually non-existent. This thesis addresses this gap by using ethnographic methods to advance knowledge about women’s interreligious dialogue. Furthermore, it pushes disciplinary discourses by speaking to the following interlinked areas: Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations, formalized interreligious dialogue, interreligious encounters on the grassroots level, women’s interreligious dialogue, a book group approach to engaging with religious diversity, and interreligious encounters in the American context post-September 11th 2001.
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McCafferty, Heather. "The representation of Muslim women in American print media : a case study of The New York Times, September 11, 2000-September 11, 2002." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98556.
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This thesis is an examination of representations of Muslim women in the American print media. I focus on one particular publication, The New York Times within a time frame surrounding the events of September 11, 2001. Articles were selected from this publication that fell within the time period of September 11, 2000 to September 11, 2002, in selecting articles, I chose those based on their inclusion of any discussion that clearly identified those discussed as Muslim women, through the use of the words "Muslim" or "Islamic" in their descriptions. The case study was carried out by reading through each daily edition of The New York Times in order to identify any articles that fell within my criteria. I also used an online database containing abstracts of the publication to verify that no article of relevance was overlooked. I then devised 5 categories within which to analyze the representations of Muslim women that were found within these articles, "Veil", "Biographical", "Women's Issues", "Politics" and "Muslims in the West". The main goal of this thesis is to determine how Muslim women are represented within this particular publication and to analyze whether the events of September 11, 2001 had any effect on how Muslim women were portrayed in The New York Times articles.
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Husain, Taneem. "Empty Diversity in Muslim America: Religion, Race, and the Politics of U.S. Inclusion." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1433503511.
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Rezaeisahraei, Afsaneh. "Agency Between Narratives: Women, Faith, and Sociability in Irangeles." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587660771187606.
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Kidder, Elizabeth O. "Self-administered HPV Testing as a Cervical Cancer Screening Option| Exploring the Perspectives of Hispanic and Arab Women in the United States." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3630899.
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BACKGROUND: Though significant gains have been made in preventing cervical cancer over the past 30 years, it continues to cause morbidity and mortality among women in the United States, particularly among those women who are screened infrequently or not at all. More than half of cervical cancer deaths in the U.S. are among immigrants, and the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer is increasing among foreign-born women. Arab and Hispanic women living in the U.S. continue to have cervical cancer screening rates that are lower than the general population. Understanding what factors influence their cervical cancer screening practices and what new screening options may overcome their barriers to preventive screening may be effective in reducing disparities in the disease burden of cervical cancer.
HPV DNA testing has taken on a larger role in cervical cancer screening, and there is increasing evidence and support for the use of HPV testing alone as a primary cervical cancer screening test. Novel health screening devices have been developed that allow women to self-screen for HPV, which may offer opportunity to simplify the cervical cancer screening protocol and reach women who are not receiving recommended cervical cancer screening services.
OBJECTIVE: Because self-administered screening devices are not yet available and most women have not had exposure to them, there are limited quantitative and qualitative assessments of women's attitudes towards and likelihood to use such devices, particularly in the U.S. This study informs the development of culturally appropriate interventions and policies intended to improve cervical cancer screening rates among Arab and Hispanic women in the United States, and discusses implementation challenges and policy implications associated with incorporating self-administered HPV testing into the cervical cancer screening protocol in the U.S.
METHODS: A paper-based survey (n = 476) and individual interviews (n = 31) were used to explore Arab and Hispanic participants' screening behaviors, their likelihood to use HPV self-administered tests to screen for cervical cancer, their perceived self-efficacy in using self-screening tests, and the major concerns they have about self-screening.
RESULTS: Participants who were 1) uninsured, 2) knowledgeable about HPV and cervical cancer, 3) had high self-efficacy in their ability to use a self-screening test; and 4) had no concerns about the self-screening test were significantly more likely to use a self-screening test. Hispanic participants (74.0%) were significantly more likely than Arab participants (43.8%) to report they would be likely to use a self-administered cervical cancer screening test if it were available. Approximately half of uninsured (52.7%) and underscreened (47.1%) participants reported they would be more likely to get screened for cervical cancer if an at-home self-screening test were available.
CONCLUSIONS: A majority of participants responded positively to the option for HPV self-testing as a cervical cancer screening option, suggesting that it may an effective screening modality to reach women who are not accessing routine screening. More research is needed on implementing a self-screening option, particularly among underscreened populations.
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Gandra, Lucilea Ferreira Gandra. "A poética da diáspora de Fádia Faqir, uma filha de Allah /." Araraquara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192723.
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Orientador: Maria Dolores Aybar RamirezResumo: Ao nos decidirmos, inicialmente, por um levantamento arqueológico de mulheres escritoras árabes/muçulmanas para uma escolha posterior de obras que nos levassem a um maior conhecimento dessa literatura, deparamos com a escassez de traduções e publicações no Brasil, em comparação com o grande número existente em outros países, principalmente da Europa e da América do Norte. Acreditamos que isso se deva a maior presença dessas mulheres escritoras em tais continentes, gerando um fascínio pelo exótico, mas também um misto de atração e repulsão, sempre acompanhado de estereótipos, já enraizados pelo orientalismo. No Brasil, no entanto, salvo raras exceções, as editoras voltaram-se quase que exclusivamente para as autobiografias de mulheres que tecem duras críticas aos seus países de origem, às suas leis, à situação e normas de conduta para as mulheres, na maioria restritivas e opressoras, reafirmando uma imagem já impregnada de preconceitos. Vemos assim que a oferta de publicações em nosso país também nos impede uma visão mais abrangente e nos força a ratificar impressões essencialistas que em nada contribuem para o conhecimento e possível fruição da literatura produzida por essas mulheres, agora veladas, inclusive, por questões mercadológicas que camuflam e perpetuam as mesmas visões engessadas. Na tentativa de fugir desses relatos, sempre carregados de perseguição e dor, priorizamos para o nosso estudo o romance Meu nome é Salma, da autora jordaniano-britânica Fadia Faqir pois su... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: When deciding, initially, for an archaeological survey of Arab/Muslim women writers for a later choice of works which would lead us to a greater knowledge of this literature, we faced the scarcity of translations and publications in Brazil, in comparison with the large number which exists in other countries, mainly in Europe and North America. We believe that this is due to the greater presence of these women writers in such continents, creating a fascination with the exotic, but also a mixture of attraction and repulsion, always accompanied by stereotypes, already rooted by Orientalism. In Brazil, however, with a few rare exceptions, publishers turned almost exclusively to the autobiographies of women who harshly criticize their countries of origin, their laws, the situation and rules of conduct for women, most of which are restrictive and oppressive, reaffirming an image already steeped in prejudice. We thus see that the supply of publications in our country also prevents us from taking a more comprehensive view and forces us to ratify essentialist impressions which in no way contribute to the knowledge and possible enjoyment of the literature produced by these women, now veiled, by marketing issues which camouflage and perpetuate the same plastered visions. So as to escape these accounts, always laden with persecution and pain, we prioritized the novel My name is Salma, by the Jordanian-British author Fadia Faqir because her narrative, written in English, involves other di... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Goodman, Brianne. "The strength of Muslim American couples in the face of heightened discrimination from September 11th and the Iraq War : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5950.
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Djennane, Haouchene Karima. "Dynamiques d’empowerment des musulmanes dans l’espace public étatsunien depuis les années 1970 : généalogie et sociologie d’un militantisme féminin au sein de l’islam." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL171.
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Dans l’histoire religieuse des États-Unis, la féminisation des dénominations protestantes a constitué un processus long et progressif. Cette féminisation a été caractérisée par la participation croissante des femmes dans les institutions religieuses, en tant que fidèles mais aussi en tant que leaders religieux. Bien que l’islam soit considéré comme une religion minoritaire récemment transplantée aux États-Unis, des indices tendent à montrer qu’à l’instar d’autres religions transplantées dans ce pays, comme le judaïsme réformé et le bouddhisme, les institutions islamo-américaines connaissent un processus de féminisation. L’émergence d’une théologie féministe islamique depuis les années 1970, communément appelée « féminisme islamique », et le développement d’un militantisme de terrain, plus particulièrement depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ont contribué à la féminisation de l’islam. Les militantes musulmanes américaines revendiquent une visibilité dans l’espace public et dans le champ religieux islamo-américain. Quels sont leurs revendications, leurs défis et leurs stratégies ? Quels sont les facteurs internes et externes qui ont conduit à la visibilité croissante des femmes et la focalisation autour de la problématique féminine au sein de l’islam américain ? Comment, de façon concrète, la participation croissante des femmes transforme-t-elle les institutions islamo-américaines, les croyances et les pratiques ? Voici certaines des questions que nous soulevons dans notre thèse. Les résultats sont notamment basés sur une étude qualitative exploratoire (entretiens semi-directif et observations participantes). Nous mobilisons également les données d’une étude quantitative sur l’inclusion des femmes au sein de l’espace cultuel publiée en 2013, afin de mettre l’accent sur les transformations du champ religieux islamo-américainIn American religious history, the feminization of Protestant denominations has been a long and gradual process. This feminization has been characterized by the increasing participation of women within religious institutions, not only as worshippers but also as religious leaders. Although Islam is considered to be a newly transplanted minority religion in the United-States, there are indicators revealing that, like many other transplanted religions in the United States, such as Reform Judaïsm and Buddhism, Muslim religious institutions are undergoing a process of feminization. These indicators have included the development of an Islamic feminist theology since the 1970s onwards, commonly called "Islamic feminism", and the emergence of a religious grass-root activism, more significantly since the 9/11 attacks. American Muslim women activists claim visibility in the public sphere and within the US Islamic religious landscape. What are their demands, challenges and strategies ? What are the internal and external factors that have led up to the growing visibility of women and women's issues in American Islam ? How specifically has the increased role of women affected American-Islamic institutions, beliefs or practices ? Those are some of the questions we raise in our thesisThe results are based on a fieldwork (semi-directive interviews and participant observation). We also use the data of a report on the inclusion of women within the American mosque published in 2013. The transformations linked to the increasing women’s participation in the mosque are emphasized
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Oumlil, Kenza. "‘Talking Back’: Counter-Hegemonic Discourses of North American Arab and Muslim Women Artists." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974643/1/Oumlil_PhD_F2012.pdf.
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This dissertation research examines expressions and articulations of counter-hegemonic discourses on the part of Muslim, Arab, South Asian, and Middle-Eastern women in the U.S. and Canada, with a particular attention to race and gender. As they are predominantly constructed as passive and imperilled in mainstream media, this doctoral work looks at how some of these women take voice and ‘talk back’ by creating their own media texts. The methodology involves a selection of the following case studies: (1) the poetry and performances of Suheir Hammad; (2) the cinematic interventions of Annemarie Jacir (Salt of This Sea); (3) the cinematic interventions of Shirin Neshat (Women Without Men); and (4) the films and the television comedy (Little Mosque on the Prairie) created by Zarqa Nawaz. These case studies were selected because they constitute long-term interventions to alter the dominant media sphere and on the basis of their popularity – they benefit from a wide reach within particular ‘interpretive communities.’ This dissertation includes a textual analysis focusing on the use of language and imagery deployed by these artists in their various productions. The analysis is supplemented with individual interviews with the artists involved. Additionally, the research includes a performance analysis since some of the case examples involve an embodied performance of an alternative discourse.
The selected artists are here defined as “identity workers,” rather than the more common phrase “cultural workers,” for the purpose of signalling that the circulated works not only relate to culture, but also endeavour to provide alternative portrayals of identity. My central argument is that these works are constitutive of a discourse of resistance. This thesis posits resistance as being counter-hegemonic. It demonstrates how these representations signify a re-articulation of identity and a call for a redistribution of symbolic power. It also situates these acts of talking back as constructed ‘mad’ speech based on the argument that hegemonic culture often attempts to construct a particular type of speech as mad in order to contain it while this type of talk is not always literally insane.
Further, the works analyzed in this thesis can be understood as making ‘noise.’ I conceptualize noise as a counter-hegemonic language that disturbs the tranquility of the status quo and that celebrates difference. In making noise, the selected identity workers described in my case studies deploy a variety of discursive tactics as interventions. Most notably, they engage in discursive practices of re-writing historical narratives, revalorizing native languages, activating collective heritages, and deploying resignification and reversal. These interventions additionally archive erased stories. Moreover, these texts significantly re-center gender – by referencing the workings of patriarchy, positing women heroines at the center of their narratives, or portraying lead female and feminist characters. The results of this analysis reveal that these works are subjected to attempts of containment and appropriation. In effect, the very popularity of these works endows each artist with increased latitude to stage interventions but also dilutes their intended oppositional messages through circulation and cooptation within traditional and new media. This study also demonstrates that the selected artists have been surprisingly burdened with representation.
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Raouda, Najwa Nadim. "Muslim/Arab women in America a study of conflictual encounters between traditionalism and feminism /." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1920.pdf.
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Al, Ethari Lamees. "Defragmenting Identity in the Life Narratives of Iraqi North American Women." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8413.
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This dissertation examines contemporary Iraqi North American women’s life narratives within the frame of postcolonial autobiography theory. Through narrating their experiences of oppression, war, and displacement these women reveal the fragmentation of identity that occurs under such unsettling situations. However, I argue that in the course of narrating their stories and in spite of the fragmentation they suffer, these women are able to establish selves that distinguish and recover from fragmentation and loss through a process I term defragmentation. They are able to defragment their identities by reconstructing unique selves through the act of life narration, through relational remembering, and finally by resisting patriarchal and Western influences on how they perceive themselves and their experiences. Thus they are able to defragment their sense of disjointedness and reaffirm their sense of Iraqiness, even in the diaspora.
This study explores the major causes of fragmentation in the work, which are divided into trauma and displacement. Unlike the studies and statistics that political approaches and media coverage have provided, these works shed light on the disruptions caused by war, oppression, separation from loved ones, and exile in the daily lives of these narrators or the lives of their friends and relatives. Therefore, in addition to the new identity that these women create in order to cope with their new lives in the West, they also construct a hybrid identity that is capable of recollecting and narrating these traumatic experiences. Within the space of hybridity, Iraqi North American women have to deal with vast differences between Western and Middle Eastern cultures; the transformation entails not just a change of place but an acceptance or understanding of a new culture, a new religion, and a new identity. The struggle of settlement, or re-settlement, becomes that of establishing an identity that does reflect the stereotypical images of Middle Eastern women in Western perceptions and a struggle to maintain selves that can contain both the past life and the present in what can be considered a third space.
Although the main topic of this dissertation is defragmentation in the life narrations of Iraqi North American women, this study also covers the cultural and political history of Arabs in general, and of Iraqis specifically. There are also references to the migrations of Arabs to North America and a brief background of the roots of Arab North American literature. These topics will be discussed in order to provide an understanding of the histories from which these women, or their families, have migrated and their positions within Western culture and scholarship. In addition, this approach provides an insight into the complexities of these women’s identities that reflect multi-layered affiliations, interests, and cultures.
The works chosen for this study include written and oral life narratives by Iraqi North American women who write from Canada and the United States. These works are Zaineb Salbi’s Between Two Worlds: Escape From Tyranny: Growing Up in the Shadow of Saddam (2005), Dunya Mikhail’s A Diary of a Wave Outside the Sea (2009) and a National Film Board documentary titled Baghdad Twist (2007), by Jewish Iraqi Canadian Joe Balass. In the documentary, Joe Balass interviews his mother, Valentine Balass, as she recounts growing up in Iraq and later experiencing exile from her homeland. The final work I address is The Orange Trees of Baghdad: In Search of My Lost Family (2007) by Leilah Nadir, a Canadian born Iraqi writer. Through her memoir Nadir tries to reconnect with her father’s family in Iraq while uncovering their traumatic experiences of the Gulf War.
The narrators in my research belong to different social classes, age groups, and practice different religions, but they all identify themselves as Iraqi women. These women, through their interpretations of living life between two (or more) cultures, offer important perspectives not only on their own ethnic society, but also on the role of ethnic women in North American society in general. There has been a massive increase in the migration of Iraqi women to North America in the last thirty years; their perspectives on political, social, and religious changes are an important part of understanding the experiences of this ethnic group. Through their life narratives, these women are able to display their unique selves by portraying their ability to contest the boundaries and limitations of borders and societies that try to eliminate one identity or the other.
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Abdel-Salam, Laila. "“What Are You?” Racial Ambiguity, Belonging, and Well-being Among Arab American Women." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-8et4-7269.
Full textAbstract:
Even within counseling psychology’s multicultural literature, attention to individuals of Arab descent remains narrow (Awad, 2010; Abdel-Salam, 2019). Despite counseling psychologists’ goals regarding multiculturally proficiency, the dearth of systematic empirical research on the counseling of Arab Americans remains conspicuous. The present study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the impact of racial ambiguity and legal invisibility on Arab Americans’ sense of belonging and well-being. This exploratory consensual qualitative research (CQR) investigation analyzed interview data from 13 non-veiled Arab American women. The interview probed their reactions to Arab Americans’ legal invisibility in the US, queried how they believed White people versus people of color racially perceived them, and examined their subsequent emotional responses and coping strategies. The study’s results revealed participants’ feelings of invisibility, invalidation, and hurt when they were not recognized as a person of color (PoC) and brought the participants’ perpetual experience of exclusion to the forefront. The results not only have implications for professional practice and education but also for policy. Specifically, this study lends support to Arab and Middle Eastern North African (MENA) advocacy efforts for census recognition, as this acknowledgment of the Arab/MENA community would foster a sense of belonging not only among other PoC but also within US society as a whole.
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"Breastfeeding Practices, Facilitators, and Barriers among Immigrant Muslim Arab Women Living in a Metropolitan Area of the Southwest of United States." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.43991.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Scientific evidence strongly indicates that there are significant health benefits of breastfeeding. Lower breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity rates are found in vulnerable populations particularly among women of low socioeconomic status, and racial minorities such as immigrant, racial, and minority cultural groups. Breastfeeding disparities can contribute to negative health outcomes for the mothers, and their infants, and families.
Muslim Arab immigrants are a fast-growing, under-studied, and underserved minority population in the United States. Little is known about breastfeeding practices and challenges facing this vulnerable population. Immigrant Muslim Arab mothers encounter breastfeeding challenges related to religion, language, different cultural beliefs, levels of acculturation, difficulties understanding health care information, and navigating the health care system.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was used to describe infant feeding practices, and identify contributors and barriers to adequate breastfeeding using the social ecological model of health promotion. A convenience sample of 116 immigrant Muslim Arab women with at least one child, 5 years or younger was recruited from a large metropolitan area in the Southwestern United States. The results indicated that immigrant Muslim Arab mothers demonstrate high breastfeeding initiation rates (99.2%), and lengthy breastfeeding duration (M=11.86), but low rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (21.6%). Facilitators to breastfeeding within the sample were high intentions to breastfeed, positive breastfeeding knowledge and beliefs related to the benefits of breastfeeding, religious teachings promoting breastfeeding, and encouragement to breastfeed from the mothers’ social support system. Several barriers to successful breastfeeding were related to lacking the specific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, and discomfort with breastfeeding in public, and in front of strangers. High income and religious teachings encouraging breastfeeding were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding at six months. Greater maternal age and comfort with breastfeeding in public were associated with longer breastfeeding durations.
The socio-cultural context for support of breastfeeding is an important consideration by healthcare providers caring for Muslim Arab women. An ecological perspective needs to be applied to interventions targeting breastfeeding promotion to facilitate effectiveness in this population. Culturally tailored intervention to the specific breastfeeding concerns and needs of Muslim immigrant women could promote optimal breastfeeding in this population.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2017