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Wardi, Anissa J., and Katherine Wardi-Zonna. "Memories of Home: Reading the Bedouin In Arab American Literature." Ethnic Studies Review 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2008.31.1.65.
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In an urban neighborhood with a large Jewish population near my home, there is an Arabic restaurant. Name, menu and ownership mark its ethnic identification, yet its politics are otherwise obscured. An American flag, permanently placed in the restaurant's window since 9/11, greets American customers with a message of reconciliation. I am one of you, it says: come; eat; you are welcome here. In a climate where “Arabs, Arab-Americans and people with Middle Eastern features, everywhere are struggling to merely survive the United States' aggressive drive to ‘bring democracy to the Middle East'’ (Elia 160) and where the hostility toward Arab Americans is manifest in covert “othering” and aggressive acts of surveillance, detainment and bodily harm, the steady bustle of my neighborhood eatery is of consequence.
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Eltahawy, Nora. "Growing Better, Not Going Faster: World War I, Holy Land Mania, and Transnational Exchange in the Works of Abraham Mitrie Rihbany." MELUS 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlab022.
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Abstract This article analyzes the three works published by Arab American theologian and author Abraham Mitrie Rihbany during and in the aftermath of World War I: Militant America and Jesus Christ (1917), America Save the Near East (1918), and Wise Men from the East and from the West (1922). The political climate in which Rihbany wrote the works saw the American public grappling with two issues of particular relevance to the steadily growing Arab American community. Where the global front was concerned, debates on the merits of abandoning isolationist policies, which focused near exclusively on the situation in Europe, left Americans oblivious to the ongoing conflict between the Ottoman Empire and its Arab subjects. On the domestic front, rising levels of xenophobia and the lasting legacy of The Naturalization Act divided legal and public opinion on Arabs’ eligibility for citizenship. Situating Rihbany’s attempts to address both of these problems against the backdrop of his upbringing in Greater Syria, this article reveals how Rihbany called on his training in the cosmopolitan era of the Nahda in order to guide the American public toward a more expansive model of transnationalism capable of encompassing both Arabs and Arab Americans in its fold.
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Jerbi, Syrine, and Eva Eszter Szabo. "From Vilification to Celebration: Arab American Comedians and Their Alternative Representations of Arabs and Muslims in Hollywood." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 04, no. 08 (August 9, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v4n8a4.
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This article explores how Arab American comedians use humor and satire to challenge and subvert Hollywood’s negative stereotypes and portrayals of Arabs and Muslims. Drawing on the theory of Jack Shaheen, who analyzed and contested Arab and Muslim stereotypes in American media, the article uses qualitative content analysis to examine stand-up shows, films, and television series featuring Arab American comedians and other ethnic comedians in Hollywood. The article identifies common misconceptions and stereotypes, examines the techniques of humor and satire, and compares the impact of Arab American comedy with that of other ethnic comedies. The article argues that Arab American comedians successfully challenge Hollywood’s stereotypes and create alternative representations that celebrate their identity, culture, and diversity. The article contributes to existing literature on humor, satire, representation, stereotyping, resistance, empowerment, identity, culture, diversity, Arab Americans, Muslims, Hollywood, and the media.
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Jerbi, Syrine. "Unveiling the tapestry of Arab American writings." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 5, no. 2 (July 21, 2023): 384–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v5i2.1362.
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Arab Americans living in the United States are represented in the intriguing and varied body of Arab American Literature. It is a diverse and significant body of writing that reflects the experiences and perspectives of Arab Americans in the United States. It explores powerful examples of how difficult it is to deal with identity, heritage, and belonging concerns in a diverse community. Arab American writers, from Ameen Rihani to Naomi Shihab Nye, have made creative contributions with their viewpoints, illuminating the rich tapestry of life in Arab America in everything from provocative novels to tender poetry and perceptive essays. However, Arab American authors have faced numerous challenges, including prejudice, stereotypes, language barriers, and limited publishing opportunities. Despite these obstacles, they have persisted in using their literary works as a means of self-expression, cultural preservation, and empowerment. To promote the visibility and acknowledgment of Arab American voices, readers, institutions, and literary communities must actively support and endorse Arab American authors and their work. Arab American Literature contributes to a more inclusive and interconnected society, dispelling myths and fostering empathy and understanding across cultural divides.
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Alshetawi, Mahmoud F. "Combating 9/11 Negative Images of Arabs in American Culture: A Study of Yussef El Guindi’s Drama." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/458.
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This study intends to examine the dramatic endeavours of Arab American playwrights to make their voices heard through drama, performance, and theatre in light of transnationalism and diaspora theory. The study argues that Arab American dramatists and theatre groups attempt to counter the hegemonic polemics against Arabs and Muslims, which have madly become characteristic of contemporary American literature and media following 9/11. In this context, this study examines Yussef El Guindi, an Egyptian-American, and his work. El Guindi has devoted most of his plays to fight the stereotypes that are persistently attributed to Arabs and Muslims, and his drama presents issues relating to identity formation and what this formation means to be Arab American. A scrutiny of these plays shows that El Guindi has dealt with an assortment of topics and issues all relating to the stereotypes of Arab Americans and the Middle East. These issues include racial profiling and surveillance, stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the cinema and theatre, and acculturation and clash of cultures.
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Al-Hazza, Tami Craft, and Katherine T. Bucher. "Bridging a Cultural Divide with Literature about Arabs and Arab Americans." Middle School Journal 41, no. 3 (January 2010): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2010.11461716.
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Berrebbah, Ishak. "Anxious Dynamics of Exile and the Ambivalence of Arab American Identity in Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent: Critical Reflections and Contemplations." Anglia 140, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2022): 555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2022-0047.
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Abstract Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent is an Arab American literary piece of fiction that symbolizes the remarkable emergence of this kind of literature in the early years of the twenty-first century. The social and political atmosphere in the USA after 9/11 ushered in the rise of this ethnic literature to worldwide prominence. In addition to the desire to challenge the multi-faceted oppression that Arab Americans confront in the USA – gender-related, sexual, racial, and ethnic – the literary canon of Arab American writers also discuss the experiences of exile and displacement that Arabs go through when settling in the USA and how such experiences affect their sense of authenticity. As such, this paper examines the politics of exile as projected in Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent, taking the co-protagonist Han as a prototype of Arab exiles living in the USA. In addition to employing critical and analytical approaches to the novel, this paper relies on a socio-cultural conceptual framework based on perspectives of prominent critics such as Edward Said, Avtar Brah, and Svetlana Boym, to name a few. This paper argues that the politics of exile – such as nostalgia, memory, and displacement – make Arab American identity more convoluted and interlaced with the dilemma of authenticity, featuring feelings of estrangement, loneliness, and homesickness.
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Fouad Selim, Yasser. "Narrating Arab-American Transnational Identity in Leila Buck’s Hkeelee [Talk to Me]." Modern Drama 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md-64-3-1146.
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Hkeelee [ Talk to Me] is a one-woman show written and performed by Arab-American playwright Leila Buck, which explores the history of Buck’s family as she reminisces about the life story of her Teta (grandmother) and intertwines it with her own experiences to better understand what it means to be American with an Arab ethnic origin. This article argues that Buck’s stories act as counter-narratives: they resist the marginalization of Arab Americans and place the Arab-American identity within a transnational framework that emphasizes simultaneous attachment to the Arab world and to the United States, thereby unsettling prevailing US political discourses on citizenship and national identity. The article further proposes that Buck constructs an Arab-American transnational identity in the play by deploying the techniques and practices of the ancient Arab hakawati [storyteller] tradition, another example of cross-cultural connection and an instance of how US theatre could be enriched by an ethnic literary and performance legacy.
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Baki, Hala. "Dispute in the Diaspora: Metaphor and Contradiction in Twenty-First-Century Arab American Family Dramas." Modern Drama 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 519–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md-66-4-1263.
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Betty Shamieh’s Roar (2005) and Yussef El Guindi’s Ten Acrobats in an Amazing Leap of Faith (2009) exemplify early twenty-first-century Arab American family dramas that grapple with the intersecting dilemmas of Arab diasporic experience in the United States. Reading the family as a metaphor for the Arab diaspora, I argue that these plays serve as sites of contradiction and negotiation, exploring intra-communal conflicts that stem from differing relationships to homeland, host nation, and community. In this article, I contextualize Shamieh’s and El Guindi’s plays within the long history of Arab Americans navigating US racial frameworks, immigrant sentiment, and systemic bias. I further propose that these family dramas can be read as allegories of a diasporic public, Arab American or otherwise, that imagine ways of responding to the challenges of acculturation and survival in the diaspora.
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Hammer, Juliane. "America in an Arab Mirror." American Journal of Islam and Society 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v18i1.2039.
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How do Arab travelers view the US? Much has been written about how westerntravelers and scholars have seen and described the Orient, thereby not onlycreating an image but also transforming the reality of it. Looking at this anthologyone is reminded of Said's book Orienta/ism and inspired to ask whether asimilar process takes place in reverse. Not in terms of change but certainly increating an image of the unfamiliar as the other simultaneously admired andrejected.Kamal Abdel-Malek has collected and edited texts of twenty-seven Arab visitorsto the United States. Some came as students, others as accomplished scholars orcurious visitors. Each text is an excerpt of a longer text, usually a book, and allbooks were originally published in Arabic and have not been translated intoEnglish before. Also, as Abdel-Malek points out in his preface, the collectionrepresents most of the travel literature he was able to locate in Arabic and iscompleted by a list of all Arabic sources. Thus, this collection allows the readeraccess to a genre of Arabic literature otherwise not available.The travel accounts are organized in five sections and chronologically by year ofpublication within each section.The ftrst section is titled America in the Eyes of a Nineteenth-Century Amb andcontains one account of an Arab traveler to the US published in I 895. The authorpresents the reader with a comparison of what Arabs and Americans findimportant and how these preferences are diametrically opposed in most cases.In the second section Abdel-Malek has gathered a variety of accounts under thetitle The Making of an Image: America as the Unchanged Other, Ame1ica as theSeductive Female. The most interesting piece of this section is probably that ofSayyid Qutb, who studied in the US between 1948 and 1950 and published hisaccount under the title The America I have seen. Much of what he noted about theUS ln the first half of the 20th century, in my opinion, still holds true today. Qutbconcludes: "All that requires mind power and muscle are where American geniusshines, and all that requires spirit and emotion are where American naivete andprimitiveness become apparent .... All this does not mean that Americans are anation devoid of virtue, or else, what would have enabled them to live? Rather, itmeans that America's virtues are the virtues of production and organization, andnot those of human and social morals." (p. 26f.) ...
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Dworkin, Ira. "Radwa Ashour, African American Criticism, and the Production of Modern Arabic Literature." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2017.44.
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In 1973, at the suggestion of her mentor Shirley Graham Du Bois, the Egyptian scholar, activist, teacher, and novelist Radwa Ashour enrolled at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, to study African American literature and culture. Ashour’s 1975 dissertation “The Search for a Black Poetics: A Study of Afro-American Critical Writings,” along with her 1983 autobiography,Al-Rihla: Ayyam taliba misriyya fi amrika[The Journey: An Egyptian Woman Student’s Memoirs in America], specifically engage with debates that emerged at the First International Congress of Negro Writers and Artists in September 1956 between African Americans and others from the African diaspora (most notably Aimé Césaire) regarding the applicability of the “colonial thesis” to the United States. This article argues that Ashour’s early engagement with African American cultural politics are formative of her fiction, particularly her 1991 novel,Siraaj: An Arab Tale,which examines overlapping questions of slavery, empire, and colonialism in the Arab world.
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Taha, Aseel Abdulateef. "Arab-American Diaspora and the “Third Space”: A Study of Selected Poems by Sam Hamod." English Language and Literature Studies 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n2p29.
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Arab-Americans are an essential part of the multi-ethnic scene in the United States of America. They are increasingly making their voices louder. However, the process of Americanization has shaped Arab-American experience and literature both directly and indirectly. The early immigrants faced the pressures of assimilation into the American society, while also trying to preserve their Arab identity in the American-born generation. Cultural issues that are related to the immigrants’ experience, like biculturalism, bilingualism and dualism, are vitally depicted in Arab-American poetry. The American-born poets of Arab descent find in poetry a way through which they could express the dilemma of the Arab diaspora. Sam Hamod is one of the contemporary Lebanese-American literary figures whose works reflect the cultural conflicts from which the immigrants and their descendants suffer. Many of his poems deal with the concept of the “Third Space,” presented by the post-colonial theorist Homi K. Bhabha. It is a hybrid space in which the hyphenated individuals are stuck. In the multicultural and multiracial environment of the United States, the immigrants’ offspring occupy this in-between position where diverse cultures meet and clash in an endless process of identity splitting.
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Suleiman, Yasir. "On Arab American Literature." Holy Land Studies 6, no. 2 (November 2007): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2007.6.2.214.
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Suleiman, Yasir. "On Arab American Literature." Holy Land Studies: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6, no. 2 (2007): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hls.2008.0002.
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Al-Hazza, Tami Craft, and Katherine T. Bucher. "Building Arab Americans' Cultural Identity and Acceptance With Children's Literature." Reading Teacher 62, no. 3 (November 2008): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1598/rt.62.3.3.
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Biondo III, Vincent F. "A Community of Many Worlds." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i4.1669.
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This edited collection complemented a March 2001 museum exhibit and isbased upon a February 2000 Columbia University conference and a threeyearFord Foundation-sponsored research project. It provides a generaloverview of the history and diversity of Arab Americans in New York Cityand is particularly strong in the area of the arts, featuring several chapters onliterature and music, including several first-person narratives. This two-partbook, which surveys both the historical and the contemporary scenes, isfurther enhanced by forty black-and-white photographs, including thirteenby Empire State College’s Mel Rosenthal.New York contains the third largest Arab-American community, afterDearborn (Michigan) and Los Angeles. In the first chapter, Alixa Naffexplains that the community was formed around 1895, when Christian missionaries in Syria encouraged Arab Christians near Mount Lebanon to workin New York for a couple of years to make money for their families. Syrianand Lebanese immigrants initially gathered at Washington Street in LowerManhattan and soon moved to Atlantic Avenue in the South Ferry portion ofBrooklyn. From 1899-1910, 56,909 Syrian immigrants arrived in New York.In the book’s first part, two historical chapters are followed by entrieson literature, music, photography, and first-person accounts. Philip Kayalpoints out that Arab-American is a cultural and ethnic – but not a religious– category, for most Arab Americans are Christian, not Muslim. JonathanFriedlander reveals that the first Arab-American immigrant, AntonioBishallany, visited from Lebanon in 1854 to gather evangelical teachings foruse back home. This four-page and six-photograph entry on representationsin historical archives could be expanded into a larger work ...
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Alhassen, Maytha. "Jinn n’ (No Freshly Squeezed) Juice." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i2.1339.
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Liquor stores, or more colloquially “corner stores,” in Detroit, Chicago, NewYork, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Washington, and other major metropolitancities located in economically under-served, urban, majority-black neighborhoodshave been purchased by Arab American and Arab immigrants over thelast two decades. In order to understand the relationship of place to religionand race, I intend to examine the dynamics of the encounter between African-American Muslims and Arab and Arab-American Muslims (mostly Yemeni)at various liquor stores in Oakland, where, according to the US Census(2000), African Americans compose 64 percent of the population.Complicated by an ethno-religious component, Yemeni Muslim liquorstore ownership concentrated in Oakland’s highest density, crime-ridden,black-dominant, and economically poorest neighborhoods, although aidedby literature, requires a new theoretical arsenal for approaching the conflict.Little scholarly attention has been paid to the demographic shift in ownershipand the resulting relations between the two groups. This essay is by nomeans an attempt to provide a comprehensive portrait or a theoretical foundation.Better described as a pilot study, my participant observations during ...
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Tahir, Muhammad, and Siddiq ‘Ali. "Literature About Islam in America." American Journal of Islam and Society 4, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v4i1.2742.
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Information explosion is a modern phenomenon. This explosion can beseen in all areas of knowledge. In an attempt to keep track of this growth,secondary sources of information have also mushroomed. Each subject fieldhas its own secondary sources of information. For instance, art has Art Index,education has Education Index, library science has Library Literature.Despite these developments in indexing, and despite the progress in interdisciplinarystudies, internationally in general and American in particular,literature on Islam and Muslims rarely gets the place it deserves. Sources ofseeondaq information should be scanned to determine how far they cover informationon Islam and Muslims. This would help us to understand the importancegiven to Islam and Muslims by American writers.A scholar looking for sources of infannation on Islam in the United Statesis bound to be disappointed. It is surprising that no exhaustive attempt has asyet been made to gather information on Islam in one place. This despite thefact that Islam has emerged as one of the important religions followed by asubstantial number of Americans. In addition, the emergence of the Arab andGulf nations as important centres of economic power in the world has ledmany Americans to take an interest in Islam and Muslims. As against theneglect by the Americans, the Eumpeans have come out with an index ofIslamic literature in European languages entitled Index Islamicus. This comprehensivework finds no parallel anywhere in the world.As no attempt has been made yet to bring together all the informationabout Islam available in the United States, it is necessary to look deep intoevery book, journal, newspaper, film, and tape, etc. It is both surprising andshocking to note a sordid treatment meted out to literature on Islamic Studies.The population of Muslims in the United States is not so negligible as to warrantsuch a stepmotherly treatment at the hands of those who are at the helm of ...
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Malekzadeh, Shervin. "Forlorn Arabs and Flying Americans: National Identity in the Early Childhood Curriculum of Postrevolutionary Iran, 1979–2009." Iranian Studies 55, no. 3 (July 2022): 741–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.30.
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AbstractDrawing upon three decades of postrevolutionary textbooks, this article traces the development of the Arab Muslim as a recurring character in the early elementary curriculum of the Islamic Republic, set against the historical context of Iranian modernization and state formation in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Sympathy for the Arab by the postrevolutionary state included a rebuke and an affirmation: Look at what has happened to the Arabs who were not able to defend their homes and their homeland, and look at what has not happened to us. Set against the Palestinian Arab figure are the accomplishments of American scientists and inventors who feature prominently in the postrevolutionary curriculum as sources of emulation for young readers. Star turns from Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and Orville and Wilbur Wright invite a reconsideration of the role of the foreign Other in the construction of Iranian national identity, notably the expectation that the dispossessed constitute natural allies in Iran's ceaseless struggle against “the West.” Islamization of the primary school curriculum since 1979 has not come at the expense of Iranian national identity but as its expression, elucidating the ways postrevolutionary educational materials can serve as a repository for tracing the continuities and permutations in depicting the Arab or Western Other as well as different civilizational ethos of the Islamic and Persianate world across time.
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Alghofaili, Sultan. "Arabian Jazz: The Challenges of Being an Arab American." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n1p298.
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This paper investigates how Arab-American literature depicted the challenges of being an Arab-American prior to the events of 9/11. It argues that before the terrorist attacks, the complications of being an Arab-American were not necssairly related to religion. This idea is studied through looking closely at Diana Abu-Jaber's novel Arabian Jazz (1993) where the novel’s main character Jemorah, the daughter of a Jordainian immigrant, finds herself in constant struggle to find a unique sense of identity. That is mainly caused by the fact that her identity is being torn apart between two conflicted worlds; while the first is limited to the constraints of her family and inside the home, the other is found everywhere where she needs to assimilate into the society where she lives in. To highlight the outcome of these conflicting worlds, the paper looks at W. E. B. Du Bois’ concept of double-consciousness where one’s sense of identity is always looked at through the eyes of others. The paper concludes that for the second generation of Arab-Americans, the sense of identity is lost between the insistence of the first generation to preserve their Arab heritage, and a white America where the customs, traditions, and values of this culture is regarded as outsider.
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Najjar, Ghaylen Ben Amor. "Reflections from the Barbary Coast: Mark Twain on the Balloon of Transnational American Studies." Mark Twain Annual 19, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/marktwaij.19.1.0005.
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Abstract This paper examines Mark Twain's anti-Arab sentiments and the way they complicate his recent accommodation to transnational American studies. The dehumanization of Arabs in Twain's The Innocents Abroad, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Tom Sawyer Abroad shows the limits of tolerance in America's most loved novelist but also offers an opportunity to engage the asperities of the American academic tradition that wrestles with the great responsibility of cultural dialogue.
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Berrebbah, Ishak Adel. "The Fourth Space as an Escape from Colliding Cultures in Mohja Kahf's "The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf"." Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 43, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2019.43.4.63-75.
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<p>The main axis of Arab American literature is its portrayal of the experiences that Arab Americans go through in their daily life inside and outside the USA. Taking Mohja Kahf’s novel as a literary sample, this paper examines the extent to which triple consciousness, faith development, and existentialist thought forge Khadra’s perplexity in understanding her identity – she struggles to explore her true self in two different cultural realms i.e., Mecca and Indianapolis. By employing points of view and criticism of well-known scholars and critics such as Erik Erikson, Henri Tajfel and James Fowler, this paper concludes that Khadra, as an escape from her psychological unrest in two incompatible cultures, locates herself in what I call as the fourth space.</p>
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Shakir, Evelyn. "Arab Mothers, American Sons: Women in Arab-American Autobiographies." MELUS 17, no. 3 (1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/467236.
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Horowitz, Cyma. "Judaica Library Collection Policies: Arab-American and Muslim-American Literature." Judaica Librarianship 8, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1253.
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An overview of the inclusion and treatment of Arab-American literature in a special library primarily concerned with contemporary American Jewish issues, the Blaustein Library of the American Jewish Committee. Mainstream Arab-American literature is interfiled with the regular collection, using a modified Dewey Decimal classification scheme. Extremist material, although housed separately, is classified in the same manner as the regular collection, preceded by a designation signifying literature of an antisemitic nature.
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Khawaja, Mabel. "Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought." American Journal of Islam and Society 9, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v9i4.2544.
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The introduction to this book credits the author with clarifying theoperative attitudes of Americans towards Islam by looking at the causeand result of the Muslim image in American literature. However, regretis expressed that Sha'ban had to be heroically selective about a subjectradiating in many rich directions. Apparently, the book offers fresh insightsand new possibilities for exploration and discovery, therebycontributing significantly to the enhancement of a literary tradition thatcame to the forefront with Said's Orientalism. Sha'ban studies orientalismin tenns of America's exposure to and understanding of Islam by focusingon Muslims of nineteenth-century North Africa and the Middle East.Even though the book's thrust is political, Sha 'ban challenges the readerto review familiar American writers and trends from an unfamiliar perspectiveas he traces the historically biased approach of Americans intheir dealings with the Muslim world.In chapter one, “A Place for My People,“ the author explains howAmerica’s Puritan beginnings shaped its self-image and its attitude towads“the Arab world, its people and land.” The Pilgrims saw themselvesas the chosen people in a promised land. Under the umbrella of aprovidential plan and the divine covenant, they were heirs to the kingdomof God in the new world and therefore shared a common responsibilityto execute the divine mission. Unlike European monamhs who relied onreligion for personal privilege (i.e., the Divine Right theory), Puritansshifted away from emphasizing the personal and private aspects of Christianityto its communal or corporate nature. They constantly endorsedtheir national responsibility to share the benefits of their chosen status ascitizens of God’s kingdom with the rest of the world ...
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Salaita, Steven. "Ethnic Identity and Imperative Patriotism: Arab Americans Before and After 9/11." College Literature 32, no. 2 (2005): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2005.0033.
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Khamis-Dakwar, Reem, and Anthony DiLollo. "Critical Thinking in Facilitating the Development of Cultural Competence in Speech Pathology: A Training Module Based on a Review of Resources on Arab Americans." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 3, no. 14 (January 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp3.sig14.5.
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The importance of critical thinking in training preservice and postservice speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is increasingly acknowledged in the collected works of communication sciences and disorders. Incorporation of critical thinking enhances the quality of clinical decision making, is important for interprofessional practice, and is an essential knowledge in educational services for SLPs at all levels (Finn, Brundage, & DiLollo, 2016). In this article, we propose the need to infuse critical thinking within cultural and linguistic diversity training and recommend the use of literature and instructional activities focused on guiding SLPs in working with Arab Americans to serve this mission. On the basis of existing resources in communication sciences and disorders literature on Arab Americans, we created a study module to target the 3 components of critical thinking: interpretation, evaluation, and metacognition. The first part of the module (Units 1 and 2) is designed to introduce students to critical thinking and facilitate their use of critical thinking in evaluating information presented within speech pathology resources on working with diverse population. The second part, Unit 3, assists learners in reflecting on the impact of their own preconceptions. The last part, Unit 4, facilitates students' understanding of best practices in servicing individuals from diverse populations.
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Ensour, Waed. "Human resource development in Arab writing." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.34.
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This study is a systematic review of the existing Arab literature on human resource development (HRD). A review of Arab HRD’s theoretical and empirical articles during the period 1964–2016 in peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Content analysis was utilized to examine how HRD is conceptualized, what purposes are attached to HRD and what activities HRD encompasses in Arab literature.It was found that the basic construct of HRD is employee development, targeted toward “individuals” and encompassing training, education and learning. Arab HRD has a strong performance orientation, and tends to emphasize utilitarian outlooks, as the role of HRD is perceived to be “instrumental” and “outcome focused”. HRD in Arab literature falls under the traditional functionalist school within the managerialist perspective and is essentially based on the principles of human capital theory. The issues of social justice, power, diversity and equity are rare in Arab HRD literature. Although the Arab view of HRD has been influenced by the American school, it is still in an early stage of growth, lacks a clear disposition and is still confined within the stance of traditional training.
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Al Basuony, Gihan Samy Ibrahim. "Representation of Iraqi War between Fantasy and Reality in Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at Baghdad Zoo: A New Historicist Reading." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 29 (October 31, 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p323.
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Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo is among the plays which represent the Iraqi war— a prominent event in postmodern history. The play is based on a real story which happened in the Bagdad Zoo when some American soldiers killed a rare Bengal tiger. It is a documentation of this real story and it includes real names and historical places and characters, which make it qualified as a documentary play. The present paper employs the new historicist method in its attempt to show how much the play is a representation of the culture that motivates the actions, whether it is the culture of the author or that of the characters concerned, Arabs and Americans. Thus, the play could be seen both as a product of the interaction of the American culture and the Arab culture that it came in touch with. The American soldiers first saw this war as a mission of freedom, while the Iraqis saw it as ruin of their culture. However, the dramatic method reflects changes in perspectives as the characters come into contact. In this way, the present reading is a chance to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature and mutual influence of cultures.
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Mahfouz, Safi Mahmoud. "Tragedy in the Arab Theatre: the Neglected Genre." New Theatre Quarterly 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000686.
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In this article Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz investigates the current state of tragedy in the Arab theatre and suggests some of the reasons behind the lack of an authentic Arabic tragedy developed from the Aristotelian tradition. Through analyses of the few translations and adaptations into Arabic of Shakespearean and classical tragedy, he both confirms and questions the claims of non-Arabic scholars that ‘the Arab mind is incapable of producing tragedy’. While the wider theatre community has been introduced to a handful of the Arab world's most prominent dramatists in translation, many are still largely unknown and none has a claim to be a tragedian. Academic studies of Arabic tragedy are insubstantial, while tragedy, in the classical sense, plays a very minor role in Arab drama, the tendency of Arab dramatists being towards comedy or melodrama. Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz is Head of the Department of English Language and Literature at UNRWA University, Amman, Jordan. His research interests include American Literature, Arabic and Middle Eastern literatures, modern and contemporary drama, contemporary poetics, comparative literature, and synchronous and asynchronous instructional technology.
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Bayeh, Jumana. "National Literatures, Borders and Arab-American Diaspora Fiction." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 52, no. 1 (2019): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2019.1579.
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Literary texts are understood within bounded frameworks, principally within national borders. As Benedict Anderson and Homi Bhabha demonstrated, print culture gave shape to nations, and literary canons were seen to “narrate the nation.” But what happens to our “bordered” classification system when texts emerge from migrant or diaspora writers ? One approach has been to label these works with a hyphen that bridges two national spaces, such as an Arab-American fiction. But does this hyphen take our analytical strategies beyond the border or does it merely reinforce the bordering analytical practices that underpin the work of literary criticism ? This paper will address these questions by focusing on contemporary Arab-American fiction. It will provide an overview of how Arab-American literature has been assessed as Arab or American, or a combination of both. It will demonstrate that the hyphen ironically reinforces borders by reproducing the idea of national literatures. To escape the boundaries imposed by national labels, this paper will argue that it is necessary to contextualise the work of Arab-American writers within a diasporic frame.
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Abdessamad, Farah. "Blood Antiquities, Arab Tears." Ploughshares 50, no. 1 (March 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2024.a924621.
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Abstract: Ploughshares Spring 2024 The Spring 2024 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Spring 2024 Issue, guest-edited by Laila Lalami, features poetry and prose by Mosab Abu Toha, Nathalie Handal, January Gill O'Neil, Farah Abdessamad, Francisco Goldman, Tommy Orange, and more.
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Orfalea, G. "The Arab American Novel." MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/31.4.115.
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Chebli, Perla, Itedal Shalabi, Nareman Taha, Naoko Muramatsu, Karriem Watson, Marian Fitzgibbon, Yamilé Molina, and Sarah Abboud. "A Community–Academic Partnership to Explore and Address Cancer Disparities in Southwest Chicago Arab Americans." Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 17, no. 3 (September 2023): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2023.a907968.
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Abstract: Background: Despite the need to consider multiple sources of evidence to guide locally and culturally relevant interventions, few studies have documented the process by which evidence is integrated. Objectives: We leveraged a community–academic partnership to describe a participatory approach to integrating community and academic sources of evidence to inform cancer programming priorities in the Arab American (ArA) community in Southwest Chicago. Methods: Informed by Intervention Mapping, this study comprised three phases led by community and academic partners: 1) qualitative assessment of cancer-related priorities through eight focus groups with 48 ArA community members, 2) a focused literature review to identify models of cancer interventions implemented with ArAs, and 3) integration of focus group and literature review findings and development of a strategy for a community-based cancer program administered by the community partner. Results: Focus groups revealed attitudes and beliefs across the cancer control continuum. The literature review highlighted two cancer interventions utilizing education, community health workers, and patient navigation components. Through facilitated discussions with community partners, we integrated community and academic sources of evidence to develop a comprehensive cancer program plan that is informed by the data we generated as well as our community partners' preferences and organizational capacity. Conclusions: Our participatory approach for integrating community and academic sources of evidence generated a locally relevant strategy to address cancer burden in the ArA community in Chicago. We discuss the benefits and challenges of utilizing this approach in intervention development.
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Houssine, Khadiri El. "Counter- Representational Discourse of Islam in Islamophobic States: The Case of Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in Tangerine Scarf (2006)." International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijllc.3.1.4.
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Anglophone Arab literature in general and women in specific witnessed unprecedented change in content and quantity after the Twin Tower collapse. The September attacks of the 2011 brought about great political, social, cultural changes to the situation of Arabs in the West and America in particular since it destabilized their sense of belonging and created an agony and hostility against them. The experiences of social, political, and cultural marginality shape Arab Women’s diaspora fiction which, in turn, attempts to produce a rhetoric of resistance to counter-balance discourses of hierarchies and cultural binaries (self/other, black/white man woman and so forth). In this respect, The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2006), written by Arab American, Mohja Kahf, functions as a mirror which reflects on the image of Islam, the veil and Arab-Muslim identities in Islamophobic states. This paper, therefore, offers an investigation of how, in border zone, Mohja Kahf attempts to correct the fallacies vis-à-vis Islam and Muslim and negotiates journeys of displacement and dislocation that Arab immigrants may experience.
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Mahdi, Waleed F. "Immigrant Narratives: Orientalism and Cultural Translation in Arab American and Arab British LiteratureContemporary Arab-American Literature: Transnational Reconfigurations of Citizenship and Belonging." American Literature 89, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-3861614.
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Haque, Danielle. "Water Occupation and the Ecology of Arab American Literature." MELUS 44, no. 1 (2019): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mly064.
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Metres, Philip. "Introduction to Focus: Arab-American Literature after 9/11." American Book Review 34, no. 1 (2012): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2012.0178.
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Dubovitskaya, M. A. "Te “Concept – Image − Motive” Triad in Arab-American Fiction Literature." Philology at MGIMO 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-3-27-53-64.
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Arab-American multicultural, or cross-cultural, literature related to different time periods is closely examined in the article. Tese writings are part of borderline literature due to the fact that the central theme in them is the theme of dual (transitional) identity. Te author provides a defnition of “liminality”, which is necessary when considering the phenomena of bilingualism and biculturalism. Te relevance of the study is due to the growing interest in emigrant literature as a source of meanings scattered in the text, contributing to the understanding of the social and cultural context. Te motive, image and the concept are singled out in the works of Arab-American literature to decode hidden meanings. Te results of the analysis of the main motives, taken in diachrony, are presented, and their similarities and differences are revealed. Te fact that the same motives, for example, the motives of nature and music, are found in completely different works, speaks of their semantic, cultural and literary signifcance. Te novelty of the research is seen in the combination of linguo-literary and linguo-stylistic methods in the analysis of linguistic material, which helps to identify psychological, cultural and social aspects in the Arab-American fction discourse.
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Rahman, Najat. "Waïl Hassan,Immigrant narratives: orientalism and cultural translation in Arab American and Arab British literature." Translator 22, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2015.1048599.
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Berrebbah, Ishak. "Understanding Arab American Identity through Orientalist Stereotypes and Representations in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2006)." East-West Cultural Passage 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ewcp-2020-0002.
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Abstract Arab-American women’s literature has emerged noticeably in the early years of the 21st century. The social and political atmosphere in post-9/11 America encouraged the growth of such literature and brought it to international attention. This diasporic literature functions as a means of discussing the Orientalist discourse that circumscribes Arab American identity and its effects in determining their position in the wider American society. As such, this article investigates the extent to which Edward Said’s discourse of Orientalism is employed by Mohja Kahf in her novel The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2006) to project the stereotypes and misrepresentations that confine the identity of Arab and Muslim characters in the US society. This article suggests that post-9/11 Arab American fiction serves as a literary reference to such stereotype-based discourse in the contemporary era. The arguments in this article, while employing an analytical and critical approach to the novel, are outlined within postcolonial and Orientalist theoretical frameworks based on arguments of prominent critics and scholars such as Peter Morey, Edward Said, and Jack Shaheen, to name just a few.
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Sarnou, Dalal. "Narratives of Arab Anglophone Women and the Articulation of a Major Discourse in a Minor Literature." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 16, no. 1 (September 25, 2014): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ipcj-2014-0005.
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“It is important to stress that a variety of positions with respect to feminism, nation, religion and identity are to be found in Anglophone Arab women’s writings. This being the case, it is doubtful whether, in discussing this literary production, much mileage is to be extracted from over emphasis of the notion of its being a conduit of ‘Third World subaltern women.’” (Nash 35) Building on Geoffrey Nash’s statement and reflecting on Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of minor literature and Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderland(s), we will discuss in this paper how the writings of Arab Anglophone women are specific minor and borderland narratives within minor literature(s) through a tentative (re)localization of Arab women’s English literature into distinct and various categories. By referring to various bestselling English works produced by Arab British and Arab American women authors, our aim is to establish a New taxonomy that may fit the specificity of these works.
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J.P, Angga Mustaka. "Tren Sastra Eropa dan Keterpengaruhannya Terhadap Sastra Arab (Kajian Sastra Banding)." Tsaqofiya : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/tsaqofiya.v4i1.50.
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ABSTRACTTrends in European Literature and its influence on Arabic Literature, comparative literary studies. The background of this article departs from the many literary schools in Europe that have an influence on Arabic literature. The research method used is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used is the collection of documents or documentation. The data analysis technique in this article uses the Creswell model of qualitative data analysis. The approach used in this research is the historical approach. The results of this research are; 1) The literature that pioneered the birth of comparative literary studies, namely is French literature. 2) American literature emerged as a response to French literature. 3) The influence of European literature on Arabic literature can be seen from the characteristics of European poets who are very oriented to the rules and styles of Arabic literature. 4) The influence between European literature and Arabic literature was also caused by the many Arab writers who migrated to Europe for various reasons.
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tren Sastra Eropa serta keterpengaruhannya terhadap Sastra Arab, kajian sastra banding. Adapun latar belakang dari artikel ini berangkat dari banyaknya madzhab-madzhab sastra di Eropa yang mempunyai keterpengaruhan terhadap Sastra Arab. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan dokumen atau dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data pada artikel ini menggunakan analisa data kualitatif model Creswell. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; 1) Sastra yang mempelopori lahirnya kajian sastra banding yaitu adalah sastra Perancis.2) Sastra Amerika muncul sebagai respon dari Sastra Perancis. 3) Keterpengaruhan Sastra Eropa terhadap Sastra Arab terlihat dari ciri khas para penyair Eropa yang sangat berorientasi pada kaidah-kaidah dan gaya Sastra Arab. 4) Keterpengaruhan antara Sastra Eropa dan Sastra Arab juga disebabkan akibat banyaknya sastrawan Arab yang hijrah ke Eropa dengan berbagai alasan
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Gallien, Claire. "The Edinburgh Companion to the Arab Novel in English. The Politics of Anglo Arab and Arab American Literature and Culture." Middle Eastern Literatures 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2015.1075285.
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Cherif, S. E. "Arab American Literature: Gendered Memory in Abinader and Abu-Jaber." MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595307.
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Ludescher, T. "From Nostalgia to Critique: An Overview of Arab American Literature." MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/31.4.93.
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Berrebbah, Ishak. "Understanding the Function of Empathy through Laila Halaby’s West of the Jordan." Prague Journal of English Studies 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjes-2021-0005.
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Abstract Arab American fiction has received great attention in the post-9/11 period. This ethnic literature has been put under a critical lens due to the aspects that shape it and the issues discussed in it. One of the main objectives of Arab American fiction is to bridge cultural differences and appeal to its readers, both Arabs and non-Arabs. This particular objective is achieved by the authors’ willingness to trigger empathetic engagement with their characters. As such, this paper looks at how Laila Halaby’s West of the Jordan (2003) functions in accordance with the poetics of empathy. In other words, the aim of this paper is to show how fiction appeals to its readers through empathy and how empathetic engagement sustains the characters-readers connection, taking West of the Jordan as a literary example. This paper suggests that empathy in fiction is multi-layered and serves different purposes. The arguments are based on a conceptual framework supported by scholarly perspectives of prominent critics and theorists such as Chielozona Eze, Heather Hoyt, and Suzanne Keen, to name just a few.
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Antonucci, Toni C., Kristine Ajrouch, and Jonathan W. King. "COGNITIVE HEALTH AND ADRD: GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNIC ISSUES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S542—S543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1995.
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Abstract This symposium addresses minority issues in aging, specifically issues of gender, race and ethnicity, in the study of cognitive health and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). Cabrera examines ADRD in the Latino community noting that there are or may be important differences among subgroups of Latinos, e.g. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans, who are too often considered a homogenous group. Using qualitative methods, specifically focus groups, she explores whether these two groups have a different understanding of or different concerns about ADRD. Dallo considers the epidemiology of ADRD among Arab Americans. Noting the dearth of evidence on this ethnic group, she uses the National Health Interview Survey from 2000-2017 to examine the prevalence of ADRD among foreign-born Arab American compared to Whites, Blacks and Asians. Indiro et al., consider the long reach of childhood SES on age-related brain changes in different racial and ethnic older adults. Finally, Byrd considers gender differences in cognitive health in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging and finds that women actually report better cognitive health than men, controlling for age, education and health status despite previous literature suggesting that women experience more dementia than men. In total, this symposium highlights the need to consider contexts such as gender, race and ethnicity in order to fully understand factors influencing cognitive health and ADRD
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Sonfield, Matthew C., Robert N. Lussier, and Josiane Fahed-Sreih. "American versus Arab/Islamic family businesses." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-02-2015-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose of this research was to compare the use of non-family-members in the higher-level management team of Arab/Islamic family businesses versus American family businesses. Design/methodology/approach – This research gathered survey data and tested the hypothesis using analysis of covariance. Findings – American family businesses engaged the services of non-family-member managers to a statistically significant greater degree than did Arab/Islamic family businesses. Originality/value – The research literature on Arab/Islamic entrepreneurship is very limited, and a family business study of this nature has not been previously conducted. This study furthermore challenges the common assumption that the findings generated in one specific country can usually be generalized to the broader phenomenon of family business, as it exists in most countries.
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هلمانيتا, كرلينا. "جبران خليل جبران في تطوير الأدب العربي الحديث." Buletin Al-Turas 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v20i1.3748.
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Abstrak Jubran Khalil Jubran (1883-1931) adalah seorang tokoh sastra Arab Modern. Namun karena ia tinggal di perantauan Amerika, akulturasi budaya dirinya pun terjadi, sesuai tradisinya di Barat, ia hanya menggunakan dua suku kata yaitu Khalil Jubran. Akan tetapi orang Amerika kesulitan melafalkan huruf kha ( خ) dari nama Khalil ( خليل ), maka lafalnya kemudian menjadi Kahlil. Transliterasi ini keliru dan tidak ada nama Arab yang ditulis sebagai Kahlil ) كهليل ). Namun Khalil menggunakannya untuk memberi kemudahan masyarakat menyebut namanya tanpa kesulitan. Sedangkan perubahan nama Jubran menjadi Gibran terjadi karena proses peralihan dialek. Diantara kontribusi sastra Arab yang sempat ia berikan adalah memperkaya keragaman sastra dengan puisi dan prosa liriknya, menyebarkan aliran simbolik dan mengangkat suara-suara kemanusiaan yang terzhalimi. Melalui karya itulah ia menyuarakan rasa cinta dan kerinduannya akan keadilan sejati sampai akhir hayatnya---Jubran Khalil Jubran(1883-1931)was a prominent figure in modern Arabic literature. According to the West tradition, he only uses two syllables, namely Khalil Jubran. Bu tthe Americans difficulty pronouncing the letter kha ( خ) of the name Khalil ( خليل ), then the pronunciation then becomes Kahlil. Actually, transliteration is wrong and there are no Arabic names are written as Kahlil ( كهليل ). But Khalil used it to ease the public naming him without any difficulties. Meanwhile, the name of Jubran changes to Gibran because of transitioning dialect. Among his contributions to the Arabic literary are enrich the diversity of literature with poetry and prose lyrics, spreading flow of symbolic and voicing of oppressed people. Through his work, he voiced a sense of love and longing for true justice until his death.