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1
Collins, Robert O., and Bruce C. Westrate. "The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East." American Historical Review 98, no. 5 (December 1993): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167132.
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Raugh, Harold E., and Bruce Westrate. "The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920." Journal of Military History 58, no. 2 (April 1994): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944043.
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Wark, Wesley K. "The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916–1920." History: Reviews of New Books 22, no. 1 (July 1993): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1993.9950837.
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Hannoum, Abdelmajid. "Colonialism and knowledge in Algeria: The archives of the Arab bureau." History and Anthropology 12, no. 4 (April 2001): 343–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2001.9960939.
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Kaplan, Robert. "The Arab bureau: British policy in the Middle East, 1916–1920." Orbis 37, no. 1 (December 1993): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4387(93)90056-i.
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Nigem, Elias T. "Arab Americans: Migration, Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics." International Migration Review 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000305.
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This article examines the status of Arab Americans in the United States in light of their migration history and selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using the “Ancestry question” to define this group, and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and other secondary sources, the findings indicate that Arab Americans, although a recent group, share similar migratory forces with other emigrant groups. However, they are above the national average in terms of socioeconomic status. Also, there appears to be a difference with respect to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between those of single- and multiple-ancestry groups.
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Ovendale, Ritchie. "The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920: Bruce Westrate." Digest of Middle East Studies 1, no. 4 (October 1992): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00389.x.
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Misran, Misran. "Kompetensi Berbicara Bahasa Asing Pramuwisata Arab." Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas dan Perjalanan 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34013/jk.v3i1.30.
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Foreign language ability is one of inevitable prerequisites for tourists guide in serving foreign tourists. The most needed abilities is speaking competence, particularly in serving tourists for transfer in, check in dan transfer out. This research is intended to investigate speaking language abilities of tourists’ guides in Puncak area, particularly their ability in speaking of Arabic language. Based on the qualitative approach, this research uses partisipative observation and interview of key informants, consist of 4 tourists guides within this area, 5 members of tourists guide association, and 2 owners of tour and travel bureau. Findings are that tourist guides learn speaking in Arabic language by themselves, building some interactions with Arab tourists or Arab inhabitants, or by learning Arabic in formal or semi informal school. Furthermore, some tourist guides learned Arabic (mostly local dialect) in one of Arabic nations while they worked there, and therefore they are preferred both by travel agencies and Arab tourists. Tourists guide who are only able in speaking Arabic language will do transfer in, check in, and transfer out processes by using Arabic language, whilst tourists guide with ability in speaking of Arabic and another foreign language (English) will prefer the most language they able to speak and will do switch code whenever needed.
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Ghadban, Roula, Linda Haddad, Leroy R. Thacker, Kyungeh An, Robert L. Balster, and Jeanne Salyer. "Smoking Behaviors in Arab Americans: Acculturation and Health Beliefs." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618783235.
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Introduction: Arab Americans are a growing population in the United States. In the 2011 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau reported there were close to 1.8 million Arab Americans living within the United States, a 47% increase in population size from 2000. According to the Arab American Institute, currently, that estimate has grown to approximately 3.7 million. They have high rates of smoking and low rates of smoking cessation. In this study, the researchers investigated factors influencing desire to quit smoking among Arab Americans, and their association with acculturation and health beliefs. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study investigating smoking behaviors and factors influencing the desire to quit smoking among adult Arab American. Data were collected to measure tobacco use, nicotine dependence, desire to quit smoking, acculturation, and health beliefs. Results: The sample ( N = 96) was 55% female, mean age of 44 years (±14.79). The desire to quit smoking was positively associated with perceived severity (p < .05) and susceptibility to cancer (p < .05), perceived benefits of quitting smoking ( p < .01); and negatively associated with smoking barriers (addiction barriers p < .05, external barriers p = .27, internal barriers p < .05), and nicotine dependence (p < .05). Being female, having a lower level of nicotine dependence, and a higher perception of cancer severity predicted higher desire to quit smoking ( p < .01). Discussion: Smoking cessation intervention studies need to target appropriate health beliefs, especially the high risk of cancer caused by smoking among Arab Americans.
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Destremau, Blandine. "The Arab Development Report 2003, Building a knowledge Society. Sponsored by the UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States. Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, New York, 2003, 168 p." Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, no. 105-106 (January 15, 2005): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remmm.2778.
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Kennedy, Dane. "GERTRUDE BELL, The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914, ed. Rosemary O'Brien (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000). Pp. 273." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, no. 1 (February 2002): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802271068.
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In December 1913, the English traveler and Orientalist Gertrude Bell set out from Damascus on a four-month journey that looped southeast through Arabia to the city of Hayyil, then north to Baghdad, and back across the Syrian desert to Damascus. The Syrian portion of the passage was already familiar to her, and she was not the first European to follow the caravan routes through Arabia. Charles Doughty and Wilfred and Anne Blunt, among others, had preceded her. Nor did her efforts significantly advance European knowledge of the region. But her willingness to undertake such an arduous and dangerous journey without European companions won her a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society and a reputation as an authority on the Middle East, subsequently reinforced by her role in intelligence for the Arab Bureau during World War I and in the establishment of the British-dominated Iraqi state afterward.
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Wilson, Mary C. "Bruce Westrate, The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East 1916–1920 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992). Pp. 256." International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 1 (February 1994): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800060128.
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Abdel‐Khalek, Gouda. "Nader Fergany. Arab Human Development Report 2002: Creating Opportunities for Future Generations. Edited by Peter Bocock, Barbara Brewka, and Patricia Gasperetti. New York: United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Arab States, 2002." Economic Development and Cultural Change 52, no. 1 (October 2003): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/380477.
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Anghie, Antony T. "Introduction to Symposium on the Many Lives and Legacies of Sykes-Picot." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002890.
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Although their motivations varied, many senior British officials who were expert in imperial and Middle-Eastern matters condemned the Sykes-Picot treaty as a mistake almost as soon as it was signed. T.E. Lawrence wanted the British government to repudiate it and was assured by Gilbert Clayton, the head of the Arab Bureau in Cairo, in a letter he wrote to Lawrence in 1917, that “‘It is in fact dead and, if we wait quietly, this fact will soon be realized’.” Lord Curzon denounced the treaty as “not only obsolete ‘but absolutely impracticable,’” and further declared that only “gross ignorance” could account for the boundary lines in the treaty. Sir Mark Sykes was said to be ashamed of his involvement in the Treaty that was to bear his name. Despite these efforts, so soon after its birth, to announce the demise and irrelevance of Sykes-Picot, its complex, variegated, and evolving legacy has survived and is still very much with us.
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Borlea, Sorin Nicolae, Codruta Mare, Monica Violeta Achim, and Adriana Puscas. "Direction of Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Evidence for Developing Countries." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2016-0006.
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Abstract The results of extensive studies that analyzed the existence and meaning of correlations between the economic growth and the financial market development lead us to a more thorough study of these correlations. Therefore, we performed a broad study of the developing countries from around the world (the developing part of each region constructed by the World Bank through its Statistics Bureau). The regions taken into analysis were: Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, the Arab world, Latin America & and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. For comparison purposes, we have also included in the sample the North American countries, the Euro Area and the European Union as a whole, because these last three areas are the main benchmarks of the financial markets. The results are consistent with those from previous studies on the subject and vary depending on region and financial indicator considered.
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Ningsih, Rahayu, and Choirin Nisaa'. "Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Arab Saudi Menaikan Tarif Bea Masuk dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ekspor Indonesia." Cendekia Niaga 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v5i1.561.
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Saudi Arabia is Indonesian trading partner with a total trade value in 2019 reached USD 5.07 billion. Indonesia's trade with Saudi Arabia contributed to a deficit in Indonesia's trade balance, from USD 1.36 billion in 2015 to USD 3.68 billion in 2018. Amid efforts to increase exports to Saudi Arabia, on May 27, 2020, Custom Saudi, has issued a policy of changing the rate of import duty on 37 tarif lines (HS 2 digit) with an increase to be in the range of 7% to 20% from the initial rate, which is in the range of 5% to 12%. This matter, of course, has potential effect on Indonesia's export penetration. This analysis aims to identify Indonesian export products that are affected by the increase in import duty rates in Saudi Arabia and analyze the impact of the increase in the import duty of Saudi Arabia and its implications for Indonesia's export performance. With the descriptive analysis method using secondary data of trade data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and UN Comtrade, this study concluded that the increase in Saudi Arabia's import duties on Indonesia's main export products had an impact on several of Indonesia's main export products, namely paper products, iron and steel products, iron and steel, Man-made staple fibres, and Machinery. Meanwhile, other export products such as automotive, plastic product, Electrical machinery, palm oil, processed meat and fish products, and some textile products have no substantial impact. Therefore, to anticipate the impact on the penetration of Indonesian export products, the government needs to disseminate information to business actors, especially exporters whose products are subject to an increase in import duty in Saudi Arabia so that anticipatory steps can be taken as well as efforts to find alternative export destination markets in other countries.
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Williams, Ann. "Bruce Westrate. The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916–1920. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1992. Pp. xvi, 240. $35.00." Albion 25, no. 1 (1993): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051095.
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Sakr, Naomi. "‘Smarter, Stronger, Kinder’." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01101002.
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Abstract Heralding the imminent screening of a new series of Iftah ya Simsim (Open Sesame) for pre-schoolers on Gulf television in 2015, the managing director of the show’s production company described it as the culmination of ‘passion and commitment’ on the part of ‘dozens of individuals across international boundaries’ over four years. Joint efforts of individuals and institutions on that scale imply shared objectives. The publicly declared objective of the partner of Iftah ya Simsim, Sesame Workshop in New York, is to offer fun lessons that will make Gulf children ‘smarter, stronger and kinder’, a significant ambition given educational and health issues in parts of the region. Yet the reality of international collaboration made the project even more complex. My study explores the interests at stake in making the series, by Sesame Workshop, the Arab Bureau for Education in Gulf States based in Riyadh, and Bidaya Media, the Abu Dhabi-based joint venture created to produce the shows. I found that the challenge of collaboration was lessened because different institutions were responsible for different phases of the project, public narratives about it played down culturally-sensitive concerns that informed the curriculum underlying it, and widespread nostalgia linked to the 1970s version of the show implied that Iftah ya Simsim was itself part of Gulf traditions.
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Rosenberg, E., M. L. Perlis, S. Parthasarathy, G. Jean-Louis, S. Chakravorty, and M. A. Grandner. "0404 Jewish-Arab Disparities in Sleep Behaviors and Differential Ethnic Impact on Daytime Functioning, Driving Safety, and Health in Israel." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A154—A155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.401.
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Abstract Introduction In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health and motor vehicle safety behaviors. Their ethnic differences in sleep duration and quality may modulate their vulnerabilities to these behaviors. Methods 7,230 Israeli individuals (N=5,880 Jewish and N=1350 Arabic) responded to the 2017 Israeli Bureau of Statistics population-based survey of households. Variables were self-reported. Outcomes included sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, drowsy driving, overall health, 1-year health change, and obesity. Predictors included categorical sleep duration (<=5, 6, 7, 8 [reference], or >=9 hours) and sleep disturbance in the past month (none [reference], mild [1/week], moderate [2-3/week], or severe [>3/week]). Covariates included age, sex, and financial status. Ethnicity (Jewish/Arabic) was treated as a predictor of sleep and behavioral outcomes. Results When compared to normal (8-hour) sleepers, Jewish as compared to Arabic individuals were more likely to to sleep <=5h (RRR=3.99, p<0.0005), 6h (RRR=4.65, p<0.0005), and 7h (RRR=3.34, p<0.0005), and were more likely to report severe sleep difficulties (RRR=1.49, p<0.0005) and sleepiness (oOR=1.52, p< 0.0005). Yet, they were less likely to report functional impairment (oOR=0.65, p<0.0005), drowsy driving (OR=0.58, p<0.0005), worse health (oOR=0.51, p<0005), worsening health (oOR=0.70, p<0.0005), or obesity (OR=0.64, p<0.0005). Significant ethnicity by sleep duration interactions (p<0.05) characterized sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, health, and health change. Moreover, significant ethnicity by sleep disturbance interactions (p<0.05) characterized the same outcomes, in addition to drowsy driving. Overall, the impact of sleep duration and sleep difficulties was generally greater among Arabs for all variables. Conclusion Despite Jewish individuals endorsing relatively shorter sleep and more severe sleep difficulties, Arabs seem to be more vulnerable to the health and functional outcomes. This finding may explain some of the discrepancies in the health and safety outcomes between these ethnic groups. Support Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
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Rasooli, Mohammed Majeed. "Trends of Women's Economic Empowerment in Iraq for the Period 1990-2018." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 27, no. 127 (March 30, 2021): 155–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v27i127.2143.
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This research aims to study the economic, social, and political reality of Iraqi women by identifying the obstacles and diagnosing their empowerment trends in various fields, assessing the extent of their participation in economic activity, and re-achieving balance between women and men by reducing the gender gap between them and reducing the percentage of female unemployment to the lowest possible level. Is achieved by enhancing confidence in Iraqi women by enacting laws and making decisions that allow them to access resources freely. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical method to deal with information and data related to the research topic over a specific period (1990-2018), using local, Arab, and international reports issued by the United Nations and the World Bank, and the Iraqi Ministry of Planning surveys - the Central Bureau of Statistics and previous studies. Among the researcher's findings in the research conclusion is the necessity of empowering Iraqi women by facilitating their possession of an academic qualification that would increase their skills and confidence in themselves and facilitate their involvement in the labour market. Moreover, amend laws that hurt women working in the government and private sectors and activate the media. In addition to activating positive media for women and society to accept her as a right partner with men in all fields of life and work firmly and complete transparency to enforce criminal laws against perpetrators of violence against women in all its forms.
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Fruchtman, Yariv, Miri Ben harosh, Joseph Kapelushnik, Julia Mazar, Gili Kenet, and Nurit Rosenberg. "Factor VII Deficiency in the Negev - a 10 Years' Experience of One Tertiary Center." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4695.4695.
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Abstract Inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency is the most common among the autosomal recessive rare bleeding disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 1:300,000 in European countries. Affected individuals display a wide range of clinical phenotypes, ranging from mild non spontaneous bleeding to life threatening (i.e. central nervous system[CNS] bleeding, gastrointestinal [GI] bleeding or haemarthrosis), whereas up to one-third of individuals with a FVII deficiency are asymptomatic and are mainly diagnosed during family studies or after screening for surgery. Unfortunately, the residual activity of FVII does not predict the individual propensity to bleed, and even in individuals with the same mutation, differences in clotting phenotypes can be seen. As our tertiary center serves a unique population in the Negev, we aimed at studying the prevalence and phenotype of FVII deficiency within the last decade. Methods: We searched all electronic records for the last 10 years depicting rare bleeding disorders by ICD 9 code - 2863 and compared them to the hematologic record of factor VII deficiency depicted in our lab - 50% or less activity. Patients with any record of genetic diagnosis, were compared with clinical findings. Results: The population in the Negev is estimated as 700000 people Most of them are Jewish and 150000 of them are Arab-Bedouins. We found 800 records of rare bleeding disorders (ICD 9-2863), Including 200 with FVII deficiency - 100/200 had FVII levels below 50%. Most (90%) of cases were of Jewish origin (mostly oriental Jews) and only 10% were Arab- Bedouins. Forty patients were asymptomatic with 50-30% FVII activity and 20 patients with 30-10% FVII activity were either asymptomatic or presented with mild bleeding diathesis. Out of 23 cases with lower than 10% FVII activity, 7 were symptomatic and suffered severe life threatening bleedings (2 infant died of perinatal ICH. Five families (3 Bedouin and 2 oriental Jews) were identified with severe FVII deficiencies. The 4 Bedouin patients were identified to be homozygous to unique mutation. Interestingly, most medical records depicted FVII deficiency were of women studies due to fertility problems. Conclusions: The prevalence of FVII deficiency depicted in the Negev is much higher in comparison to literature reports (200/700000) Severe FVII deficiency was found in 23: 700000, consistent with 1: 30000 prevalence. As patients are highly variable, in order to "tailor" treatments according to disease severity, new directions should be pursued to identify those with the most severe phenotypes. Disclosures Kenet: Bayer, Novo Nordisk: Other: Advisory Boards, Speakers Bureau; Opko Biologics: Consultancy, Other: Advisory Boards; BPL; Baxelta: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria.
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Shuayb, Fiaz. "Bridging the Divide?" American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1661.
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On January 9, 2006, in Washington, DC, the Saban Center for Middle EastPolicy at the Brookings Institution hosted the highest level meeting betweenthe Bush administration and the American Muslim community. Entitled “Bridging the Divide?” and organized by the Brookings Project on USPolicy toward the Islamic World, representatives of various Muslim organizationwere granted the opportunity to interface with C. David Welch, theAssistant Secretary of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. The conference,a follow-up to previous initiatives on “Bridging the Divide” theme, soughtto bring together key leaders and specialists “to explore the potential spacefor the American Muslim community to assist and advance US policytowards the Islamic world and capabilities within the community that mightbe better tapped.” In attendance were representatives from the Americangovernment, officials from a variety of American Muslim organizations,American Muslim foreign policy experts, others from the Washington thinktankand policy communities, and students.In the opening speech, Welch acknowledged several unique characteristicsabout the American Muslim community: its integration into Americancivic life; being Americans as well as Muslims; and, despite post-9/11 tensions,steering a moderate course while confronting extremist Islamist tendencies.As evidence, he cited the Fiqh Council of North America’s recentfatwa against Islamic terrorism that was endorsed by major Muslim organizations.He recognized that American Muslims can play an exceptional rolein explaining the American position, given their cultural, linguistic, and ethnicties with the Islamic world, and acknowledged the history of conflictbetween the United States and the Muslim world. In addition, he condemnedthe seeming “civilizational strife” between Islam and the West as a pointless“jihad/crusade.” He stated that he was more comfortable with the relationshipof the United States with the Muslim – especially Arab – world as beingdefined by a dialog stressing the commonalities of belief in God, virtue,family life, and socioeconomic justice ...
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Claudiani, Simone, Carolina Rosadas, Myra McClure, Maryam Khan, Richard S. Tedder, Andrew J. Innes, Dragana Milojkovic, and Jane Apperley. "Prevalence of Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142454.
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Background: The new SARS-CoV-2-induced disease (COVID-19) pandemic has represented a huge challenge for the health systems and has been responsible for almost 700.000 deaths worldwide as of 1st August 2020. Older age, male sex, comorbidities, ethnicity and socioeconomic factorsare risk factors for severe COVID-19. While the direct effect of solid cancer on the COVID-19 outcome has been investigated and is still debated, limited information is available on the impact of an underlying hematological malignancy on the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, the clinical presentation and the outcome of the infection. We report on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methods: We retrospectively investigated the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through serological testing in a single centre cohort of CML pts. Of more than 600 pts on active follow-up, we have screened 161 pts between 1st June and 27th July 2020. At each consultation, we recorded any exposure to or symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the preceding 6 months. The Imperial Hybrid DABA, a two-step double antigen binding assay (DABA) for the detection and measurement of total antibody directed to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 was used for analysis. The cut-off (CO) for positivity is established by adding 0.1 to the average of optical density (OD) obtained for the negative controls. A sample-OD/cut-off (S/CO) value ≥ 1 is considered reactive. Results: 161 CML pts in chronic phase underwent serological testing (median age 54 years (18-92), male n=94). Twenty pts were off TKI (post-alloSCT, n=12; in treatment free remission n=6; pregnancy=1 and intolerance n=1) and 141 were on active treatment (imatinib [n=41], dasatinib [n=38], nilotinib [n=23], bosutinib [n=21], asciminib [n=11], ponatinib [n=6] and K0706 [n=1]). The ethnic distribution was White (n=119), Asian-Indian (n= 24), Asian-Chinese (n=3), Black (n=9), Arab (n=5), Mixed Asian-White (n=1). Eighteen pts (11.2%) have tested positive (Table 1). Thirty-eight pts (23.6%) reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 of whom 12 (31.6%) were DABA positive. Six of 123 (4.9%) asymptomatic pts also tested positive. The time from onset of symptoms to the date of testing were similar in both seropositive (105 days, range 56-180) and seronegative pts (100 days, range 21-205). The median S/CO ratio was 9.9 (1-23.3) in the symptomatic and 1.5 (1.2-21.4) in the asymptomatic pts. Among the 18 positive pts, the median age at symptom presentation was 54 years (38-75) and 12 were males. The median time from CML diagnosis was 7.6 years (0.2-20) and two pts were post-alloSCT. Ethnicity was White, Asian-Indian, Black in 8 (44.4%), 6 (33%) and 4 (22.2%), respectively. In 15 pts (83.3%) symptoms were absent or mild, moderate in 2 and severe in one patient 2 years post-alloSCT on continuing immunosuppression for GvHD. Only 2/18 had PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of infection and both were positive. Of the 16 pts not tested for antigen, 2 had been in close contact with a family member with a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the mild cases, the most frequent symptoms were fever (n=7) and cough (n=6), followed by fatigue (n=2), myalgia (n=2) and anosmia (n=2). One patient presented only with acute limb ischemia, derived from thrombus in the superficial femoral artery. One patient had radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia, but did not require hospitalization. The only patient with severe COVID-19 developed pneumonia requiring CPAP, was refractory to tocilizumab (anti-IL6), but recovered after starting ruxolitinib (JAK2-inhibitor). The median time to complete resolution of symptoms was 21 days (7-56). Conclusions: The prevalence of infection in our CML pts is similar to that of the overall population, which suggests that they are capable of mounting appropriate antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, in seropositive pts symptoms were mild. Of note is the higher prevalence in the BAME community and underlines the potential role of socioeconomic factors in disease transmission. Expansion of this CML cohort and serial antibody testing in seropositive patients will provide further information regarding prevalence and durability of serological responses. Disclosures Milojkovic: Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Apperley:Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
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Al-Saleh, J., M. P. Abi Saab, A. Negm, F. Balushi, R. Namas, and N. Ziade. "AB0666 A COMPARISON OF CLINICAL FEATURES AND PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT RESPONSE IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A CROSS-SECTIONAL MULTINATIONAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1628.1–1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2493.
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Background:Spondylarthritis it is a chronic inflammatory disease with heterogenous clinical features. Its prevalence ranges between 0.2%-2%. Over the years biological therapy has improved work productivity and activity impairment in people with SpA. Unlike in rheumatoid arthritis, the concept of treat-to-target is still debatable among rheumatologist. However, there is a consensus that treatment in patient with SpA should be personalized. There are several challenges in the Middle East that might affect providing personalized medicine to patients with SpA in this region.Objectives:The of objective of the study is to explore factors that interfere with achieving clinical targets in patients with SpA clinical practice in the Middle East.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre study to explore the factors that interfere with achieving clinical targets in SpA patients from four countries in the Middle East (Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates). A total of 404 patients who attended participating centers from January 2019 to June 2019 and who met the ASAS 2010 classification criteria for axial and peripheral SpA; and were at least 18 years of age were enrolled in the study. We excluded patients with peripheral arthritis only. We extracted demographics, clinical data, and conducted patients survey. We used Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR) is a self-reported adherence measure created specifically for and validated in rheumatic diseases.Demographic data and disease and treatment characteristics were described as median and the 25th–75th interquartile range (IQR). Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of different factors on ASDAS-CRP in patients with SpA. Statistical analysis was performed using Minitab version 18.1 software.Results:A total of 404 patients initially enrolled in the study, we excluded 95 patients as they had peripheral involvement only. We analysed the data of 309 patients with axial only or axial and peripheral SpA. There median age was 43 years and 53.7% were females. The median disease duration was six years. At the time of the study, 72.1% patients were within the arbitrary clinical target of ASDAS < 2.1. Detail description of the studied population and subgroups outlined in table 1.Enthesitis (OR: 2.9; P value: 0.004), Psoriasis (OR: 2.74; P value: 0.007), low compliance score (OR: -4.36; P value: < 0.0001) and HLA B27 (OR: 2.12; P value: < 0.04) were independent predictors of a higher ASDAS –CRP.Conclusion:Enthesitis, psoriasis, noncompliance, and HLA B27 were independent predictors for ASDAS in our cohort.Table 1.Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients and for achiever and non-achieversVariablesAll patients (309)Achiever (223)Non-achieves (86)Age, Median, (IQR) yrs43, (36-51)43, (35-51.5)42, (37-51)Female %53.7%54.2%51.9%Disease Duration, Median, (IQR)yrs6, (3-9)6, (2-8)7.5, (3-10)Patient has medical insurance/ Medical coverage94.5%95.0%93.1%Smoking13.9%12.1%18.6%ASDAS-CRP, Median (IQR)1.56, (1.24-2.1)1.56, (1.07-1.6)2.75, (2.36-3.3)Arthritis40.1%36.3%48.1%Dactylitis13.6%11.3%18.50%Enthesitis29.1%22.4%43.2%Family history of SPA18.4%14.3%25.9%Good response to NSAIDs21.7%18.8%22.2%HLA B2730.0%25.6%40.0%Inflammatory bowel disease7.1%7.3%6.20%Inflammatory low back pain68.6%68.1%69.8%Onycholysis10.9%10.7%11.1%Psoriasis39.4%25.1%40.7%Sacroiliitis (Radiographic)50.4%49.8%51.9%Uveitis6.1%4.0%11.1%SpA- classificationAxial49.8%55.7%35.6%Axial & peripheral50.2%44.3%64.4%Acknowledgments:ArLAR 2018 Scientific committee for initiating SpA special interest group meetingDisclosure of Interests:Jamal Al-Saleh Grant/research support from: Novartis, AbbVie, Majid Philippe Abi Saab: None declared, Ahmed Negm Speakers bureau: El-lilly, Farida Balushi: None declared, Rajaie Namas: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi
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Lum, Grande. "The Community Relations Service's Work in Preventing and Responding to Unfounded Racially and Religiously Motivated Violence after 9/11." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 5, no. 2 (December 2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v5.i2.2.
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On the morning of September 11, 2001, New York City-based Community Relations Service (“CRS”) Regional Director Reinaldo Rivera was at a New Jersey summit on racial profiling. At 8:46 a.m., an American Airlines 767 crashed into the North Tower of New York City’s World Trade Center. Because Rivera was with the New Jersey state attorney general, he quickly learned of the attack. Rivera immediately called his staff members, who at that moment were traveling to Long Island, New York, for an unrelated case. Getting into Manhattan had already become difficult, so Rivera instructed his conciliators to remain on standby. At 9:03 a.m., another 767, United Airlines Flight 175, flew into the World Trade Center’s South Tower. September 11 initiated a new, fraught-filled era for the United States. For CRS, an agency within the United States Department of Justice, it was the beginning of a long-term immersion into conflict issues that involved discrimination and violence against those whose appearance led them to be targets of anti-terrorist hysteria or mis- placed backlash. Appropriately, in the days following 9/11, the federal government, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”), concentrated on ferreting out the culprits of the heinous acts. However, the FBI discovered that Middle Eastern terrorists were responsible for the tragedies, and communities around the nation saw a surge of violence against people who appeared to be of Middle Eastern descent, requiring a response to protect those who were unfairly targeted. These outbreaks began as soon as September 12. Police in Illinois stopped 300 people from marching on a Chicago-area mosque. In Gary, Indiana, a masked gunman shot twenty-one times at a Yemeni- American gas station attendant. In Texas, a mosque was hit by six bullets. On September 15, a man who had been reported by an Applebee’s waiter as saying that he wanted to “shoot some rag heads” shot a Chevron gas station owner Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh-American. The man, Frank Roque, shot through his car window, and five bullets hit Sodhi, killing him instantly. Roque drove to a home he previously owned and had sold to an Afghan-American couple and fired on it. He then shot a Lebanese-American man. According to a police report, Roque said in reference to the 9/11 tragedy, “I [cannot] take this anymore. They killed my brothers and sisters.” Former Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta said, reflecting ten years later on the hate crimes that followed the attack on the World Trade Center, “The tragedy of September 11th should be remembered in the sense of making sure that we [do not] let our emotions run away in terms of trying to show our commitment and conviction about patriotism [and] loyalty.” The events created a new chapter in American race relations, one in which racial tensions and fear were higher than ever for Arabs, Muslims, South Asians, Sikhs, and others who could be targeted in anti-Islamic hysteria because of their physical appearance or dress. In 2011, a CBS–New York Times poll found that 78% agreed that Muslims, Arab-Americans, and immigrants from the Middle East are singled out unfairly by people in this country. Shortly after the September 11 attacks, this number stood at 90%. The same poll also found that one in three Americans think Muslim-Americans are more sympathetic to terrorists than other Americans. To address these misconceptions in the years following 9/11, CRS has done a significant amount of outreach, dispute resolution, and training to mitigate unfounded backlash against Arabs, Muslims, and Sikhs. Under CRS Director Freeman, the agency produced Sikh and Muslim cultural-competency trainings and two training videos: On Common Ground, which provides background on Sikhism and concerns about safety held by Sikhs in America; and The First Three to Five Seconds, which provides background on Muslims and information on their interactions with law enforcement. In 2009, President Obamas signed the Matthew Shepard-James Byrd Junior Hate Crimes Prevention Act. The Act explicitly gave CRS jurisdiction to respond to and prevent hate crimes. For the first time, CRS jurisdiction expanded beyond race. Specifically, CRS was now authorized to work on issues of religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and disability in addition to race, color, and national origin. When I became CRS Director in 2012, following the continued incidents of unfounded violence and prejudice against those perceived as sharing heritage with Middle Eastern terrorists, I directed the agency to update the trainings and launched an initiative for regional offices to conduct these Sikh and Muslim cultural-competency trainings. In the years following 9/11, controversy has continued over racial profiling of Arab, Muslim, and Sikh individuals. Owing to the nature of the attack, one particular area of ongoing concern is access to airplane flights. Director of Transportation Mineta recalled how the racial profiling he witnessed echoed his own experience as a Japanese-American citizen: [T]here were a lot of people saying, “[We are] not [going to] let Middle Easterners or Muslims on the planes.” And I thought about my own experience [during World War II] because people [could not] make the distinction between the people who were flying the airplanes that attacked Pearl Harbor and the people who were living in Washington, Oregon, and California, who looked like the people flying the airplanes. In response to this problem, CRS trained thousands of law enforcement and Transit Security Association employees on cultural professionalism in working with Arab, Muslim, and Sikh individuals. The work of addressing the profiling and mistreatment of Arab-Americans, Muslims, and Sikhs also spiked after the 2013 bombing of the Boston Marathon. CRS conciliators again reached out to leaders throughout the country at mosques and gurdwaras to confront safety and security issues regarding houses of worship and concerns about backlash violence based on faith, nationality, and race. Since 9/11, CRS’s work on racial profiling continues to respond to increasing conflicts and tensions both within the United States and around the globe. In the wake of the 9/11 tragedy, CRS adjusted its priorities and reallocated resources in the wake of the September 11 tragedy to address the needs of targeted communities and further intercultural understanding. CRS did so by increasing the religious awareness training provided to law enforcement and other agencies, and it committed more resources to working with Muslim and Sikh faith and advocacy organizations and people. This work was not originally envisioned when the 1964 Civil Rights Act created CRS. How- ever, this new focus reflects how the model of the African-American civil rights movement has inspired other efforts to attain equality and justice for minority groups in the United States. Just as the tragedy in Selma helped lead to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the Oak Creek tragedy helped lead the FBI to update its hate crime categories. Former FBI Director James Comey articulated this idea best in his speech to the Anti-Defamation League, stating “do a better job of tracking and reporting hate crime to fully understand what is happening in our communities and how to stop it.” The Community Relations Service has evolved over time since its 1964 origins, and a substantial component has been the work in response to post 9/11 unfounded racial and religious violence.
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Zulkifle, Muhammad Syahmi, and Zarima Mohd Zakaria. "ANALYSIS OF KINYAH IN QASIDAH BURDAH OF IMAM AL-BUSHIRI." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 3, no. 9 (March 15, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.39006.
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The Burdah Al-Busiri Qasidah was one of the most popular qasidah of the Arab period. The Qasidah al-Bushiri is a well-known qasidah in the Arabic literature of the Mamluki period. In the Qasidah Burdah contains elements of istiarah, majaz, tasybih. Kinayah is a unique element in Arabic prose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the elements of kinayah in the Qasidah al-Bushiri. The researcher using the document analysis method involves 10 chapters which are analyzed based on the overall meaning and the overall explanation of the poem. The results of this study found that there are 13 factors in ten chapters of Qasidahal- Bushiri. The study of the 13 virtues is based on chapter 1 of the complaint of love, chapter 2 on the danger of lust, chapter 3 on the praise of the Prophet Muhammad, chapter 6 of the Glory of the Qur'an, chapter 7 Isra Mikraj His Majesty's S.A.W and chapter 10 Appeal of Appeal and Application of Intent.
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Haddad, A., W. Saliba, I. Lavi, A. Batheesh, S. Kasem, T. Gazitt, I. Feldhamer, A. Cohen, and D. Zisman. "OP0219 THE ASSOCIATION OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS WITH ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AND LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 131.1–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1895.
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Background:Data on the association between PsA and mortality remains conflicting as it has been hampered by small sample size with few events and the potential for confounders of selection and severity biases from clinic-based studies.Objectives:To examine the association between PsA and all-cause mortality in a cohort of PsA patients and matched controls, using data from a population-based large medical record database.Methods:Patients with newly diagnosis of PsA between January 1st, 2003 and December 31st, 2018 from the Clalit Health database were identified. 4 controls without PsA were selected and matched to cases of PsA by age (within 1 year), sex, ethnicity (Jewish vs. non-Jewish), and index date. The two groups were followed from the index date until the first occurrence of death from any cause or end of follow-up (June 30, 2019). Data on mortality and on the immediate cause of death was based on the Notification of Death form legally required by the Israeli Ministry of the Interior for every deceased person in the country. Demographic data including age, sex, ethnicity (Jewish or Arab), and socioeconomic status (SES) at inception were retrieved from the CHS database. Data regarding tobacco use (ever), obesity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, prior cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, prior malignancy, psoriasis, and the concomitant use of glucocorticosteroids, conventional and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively) were extracted from the database.We estimated the attributable fraction of the various causes of death in PsA patients and compared it to the proportionate mortality rate (PMR) of the leading causes of death in Israel during 2014-2016 based on a recently published report by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the crude and the multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the association between PsA and all-cause mortality, as well as for factors associated with mortality within the PsA group.Results:A total of 5275 PsA patients were identified between 2003 and 2018 and where matched to 21,011 controls based on age, sex, and ethnicity. The mean age was 51.7 ± 15.4 years of whom 53% were females. More individuals in the PsA group were smokers, obese, with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, as well as with a history of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure and cirrhosis than patients in the control group, and 38.2% of PsA patients were on b-DMARDS. Overall 471 (8.9%) patients died in the PsA group compared to 1,668 (7.9%) in the control group during a mean follow-up of 7.2 ± 4.4 years. The crude HR for the association of PsA and all-cause mortality was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.042-1.29). However, the association was not significant on multivariate analysis with HR of 1.096 (95% CI, 0.977-1.229).In PsA patients, malignancy was the leading cause of death, constituting 26% of all deaths, followed by ischemic heart disease 15.8%, diabetes 6.2%, cerebrovascular diseases 5.5% and septicemia 5.5%, in keeping with the order of the leading causes of death in the general population of Israel during 2014-2016 as recently reported by the Central Bureau of Statistics.On multivariate model Cox regression analysis, male sex, increased body mass index, increased Charlson comorbidity index scores and history of hospitalization in a year prior to death were associated with higher mortality, whereas treatment bDMARDs and cDMARDs were associated with a lower relative risk of death.Conclusion:No clinically relevant increase in mortality rate was observed in PsA patients from the period 2003-2018. The most common causes of specific proportionate mortality rates in our cohort were similar to those in the general population.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Vergunova, N., S. Vergunov, and O. Levadniy. "INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-53-57.
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The synthesis of scientific knowledge obtained within individual disciplines became one of the leading trends in science in the latter half of the 20th century. Together with the existing disciplinary organization and the structuring of science according to the respective specializations, interdisciplinary methodology is being actively developed, problem and project approaches to research are increasingly being applied, the paradigm of integrity is being established. Such processes have also affected design, both theoretical and practical aspects of work. Considering the interdisciplinary interaction of design with other art forms, architecture appears to be most appropriate, given the commonality of design and architectural design dating back to the mid-20th century. Many architects design objects and placing them in their architectural constructions; and designers work with architectural projects, creating a «shell» for their design objects. There is a semantic organization in these processes, the study of which is relevant in view of the emerging paradigm of integrity in science. The aim of research reveals the interdisciplinary interaction between design and architecture, and represents the relevant projects of designers and architects. The results can be used to broaden the understanding of interdisciplinary methodology regarding to its emergence and formation in design and architecture, as well as their current project results. The scientific paper describes some of the professional patterns inherent in design and architecture that unite these arts in filling the object-spatial environment. Common meaning organization of design and architectural subject culture in comparison with samples of «pure» art is also noted, the direct inclusion of these objects in the life canvas of each individual is emphasized. The interdisciplinary interaction of design and architecture contributes to their mutual filling. For design work, the main priority of interdisciplinarity is in studying the architectural heritage that far exceeds the design culture over time. For architectural activity it is possible to expand its professional boundaries by mastering the specifics of design methodology, as well as to optimize the project process in creating a coherent and harmonious structure of building. Interdisciplinary interaction is evident in project activities of modern designers and architects. The projects of American designer Karim Rashid, who works on both: the industrial design projects and objects for the architectural environment, are of particular interest. Architectural bureau «Zaha Hadid Architects», once headed by the Iraqi-British architect and designer of Arab origin Zaha Hadid, also conducts interdisciplinary project activity, touching both design and architecture. The projects of Gerrit Ritveld, designed more than a hundred years ago, confirm the extent of interdisciplinary links in design, architecture and art, reflecting the objectivity of these processes.
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Arif, Muh. "NILAI EDUKATIF DALAM PEMBACAAN BURDAH (STUDI ATAS PROSESI PERNIKAHAN ETNIS ARAB DI GORONTALO)." Jurnal Studi Agama dan Masyarakat 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v16i2.2220.
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This article elaborated on the educational value of Burdah reading in Gorontalo and described the implementation of Burdah reading tradition in Gorontalo, where various activities were usually carried out, for example at assemblies or at the stages before wedding ceremony. In general, the indigenous people of Gorontalo, in the traditional stages before their wedding, only performed the Saronde dance after holding recitation. This was different from Arabian ethnic in Gorontalo. They preferred to read Burdah and Barzanji. The results showed that the reading of Burdah was one of the traditions carried out with a traditional pattern and was upheld by the people of Gorontalo, especially the Arab ethnic group. This was because that the Arabian ethnic people of Gorontalo made Burdah as a tradition that should not be abandoned in every ceremony, especially in wedding ceremonies, circumcision, and the Prophet's birthday. Likewise with other activities, for example when a family was suffering from a disease in the hope that they could get a cure. The educational values in reading Burdah included: first, the cultural value of Burdah tradition was implemented in the form of religious teaching through customary traditions; second, religious values in the tradition of Burdah reading contained religious teachings to strengthen faith and piety; third, the social value of the tradition of Burdah reading was in a form of religious teaching to familiarize each other with maintaining friendship, respecting and remaining united in Islamic brotherhood.
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Ling, Victoria Y., William Godfrey, Sebastien Jacquelin, Jasmin Straube, Leanne T. Cooper, Claudia Bruedigam, Siok-Keen Tey, et al. "Identification of Genetic Pathways Controlling Resistance to Standard Combination Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115729.
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Abstract Introduction: Resistance to chemotherapy, manifesting as refractory or relapsed disease, remains the largest cause of mortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clonal evolution through the acquisition of new mutations, or selection of resistant clones, appears responsible in many cases of relapsed disease. We used a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 loss of function screen to identify deleted genes, which mediate resistance to Cytarabine (AraC) and anthracycline, Doxorubicin (Dox) in AML. Methods: Dose response was defined using MTS viability assays, with synergism determined using the Chou-Talalay method. For the screen, Cas9-expressing OCI-AML3 cells were transduced with the Brunello gRNA library, which contains 76,441 gRNAs targeting 19,114 genes (Doench et al. 2016, Nat Biotech). Cells were treated with continuous, intermediate-dose AraC/Dox (A/D) or with intermittent, high-dose A/D. Cell viability was monitored by trypan blue exclusion. gRNA representation was measured prior to, and at the end of treatment, using next-generation sequencing. Individual genomic targets were examined sequentially, using multiple gRNAs and correlated with effects on proliferation and cell cycle. Validation was performed in vivo, in independent cell lines (MV4;11) and in silico using bioinformatics on human clinical datasets. Differences in mean values were compared with t-tests. Results: AraC and Dox were synergistic at ratios 10:1, 20:1 and 40:1; the most synergistic ratio (40:1) was used for the screen. By 12 days, both continuous and intermittent dosing eliminated non-transduced controls and the bulk of library-transduced cells. Rapid resistance was seen in AraC monotherapy (10 days), however using combined AraC and Dox, a resistant population emerged by 20 days, mimicking dynamics of relapsed or refractory disease. Resistant populations also showed increased IC50 in vitro and resistance to in vivo A/D when transplanted into immunodeficient NRGS mice, compared to native cell lines (higher white cell counts (3.9 vs 1.9 x 109/L, p = 0.013), lower platelets (597 vs 978 x 109/L, p = 0.024) and higher bone marrow human CD45 chimerism (12.6 vs 1.7%, p = 0.007)). Deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a (CDKN2A) were the top hits, out of ~10 genes identified. DCK catalyses the rate-limiting step in metabolising AraC to its active form, and accordingly, AML cells with CRISPR-mediated DCK deletion were resistant to AraC, but also to combination A/D, demonstrating that resistance to a single agent may result in therapeutic failure of combination regimens. CDKN2A transcriptionally encodes p14ARF and p16INK4A, using common exons 2 and 3, but a distinct exon 1 and alternate reading frame. Enriched CDKN2A gRNAs identified in the screen were directed at common exon 2 and p16INK4A unique exon 1, with a p14ARF exon 1 gRNA not being represented in the Brunello library. p16INK4A regulates cell cycle and proliferation by inhibiting G1-S transition and p14ARF prevents p53 degradation, promoting apoptosis. CDKN2A is frequently deleted in multiple types of cancer. Functionally, CDKN2A exon 2 knockout, expected to disrupt both p14ARF and p16INK4A functions, led to chemotherapy resistance through enhanced proliferation and prevention of cell cycle arrest after low-dose and high-dose chemotherapy treatment. To delineate differential contributions of p14ARF and p16INK4A deletion to this resistance phenotype, we deleted p16INK4A unique exon 1. p16INK4A exon 1 deletion also conferred a proliferative advantage in low-dose chemotherapy, but not high-dose, suggesting that concurrent impaired function of p14ARF is required to confer resistance to high-dose chemotherapy. Finally, gene expression data from 3 independent AML patient cohorts (Verhaak, et al. 2009, Haematologica; Metzeler, et al. 2008, Blood; Bullinger, unpublished) demonstrated that low CDKN2A expression conferred inferior survival, confirming the clinical relevance of CDKN2A loss-of-function in AML. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of genome-wide CRISPR screens to functionally capture genetic heterogeneity and evolution through chemotherapy treatment in AML. This approach can identify clinically relevant gene mutations and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Disclosures Bullinger: Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Bayer Oncology: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Lane:Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Manshur, Fadlil Munawwar. "POLEMIK PEMAKNAAN KASIDAH BURDAH AL-BUSIRY: KAJIAN ESTETIKA NEGATIF." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2012.11201.
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Kasidah Burdah is the work of al-Bu>s}i>ry, an Arab Egyptian writer, which was created in the 13th century AD. It contains poems of praise to the Prophet. Its birth has made poems of praise to the Prophet grow rapidly in the Arab-Islamic world of literature. This Arabic literary work has a major impact on the development of Sufi literature. This research on Kasidah Burdah uses negative aesthetic theory developed by Hans Robert Jauss. This theory considers that a literary work cannot be separated from the history of its creation and speech. This theory also states that a literary work can only be said to achieve beauty when it is negated. It means that it is able to get out of the initial reality of its reference. The material object of this study is the Arabic text of al-Bus}īry’s Kasidah Burdah, and its translation in Indonesian. The formal object is the polemic of the interpretation of some verses in Kasidah Burdah concerning the position of the Prophet as a creature, love, maulid of the Prophet, intercession, and tawassul. The method used in this study is defamiliarization method. This method works based on the assumption that readers must change their way of reading a literary work. They cannot read similarly to what the previous readers did. Readers should not be fixated on the previous readings, but they have to produce new meanings which may not be the same as the primary ones.
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Mabruri, M. Alan, Riesta Maulidya, and Fitria Sugiatmi. "Pengaruh Aspek Sosio-Kultural Masyarakat Loloan terhadap Struktur dan Makna Syair Burdah Melayu di Bali." Jurnal POETIKA 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.35713.
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Syair Burdah Melayu merupakan bentuk tradisi lisan yang saat ini masih terlestari. Syair Burdah Melayu tercipta karena terjadi akulturasi budaya masyarakat pendatang di Loloan, Bali. Perpaduan antara budaya pendatang membentuk absurditas dalam struktur Syair Burdah Melayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan makna dan bentuk syair Burdah Melayu Loloan dengan aspek sosio-kultur yang mempengaruhinya. Masalah yang dianalisis adalah makna dan variasi bentuk pada syair Burdah Melayu. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori strukturalisme dinamik oleh Mukarovsky dan Vodicka dikombinasikan dengan teori semiotik oleh Charles Sander Pierce untuk menjelaskan makna dan bentuk syair Burdah Melayu yang dipengaruhi oleh sosio-kultur masyarakat Loloan Barat. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kata-kata untuk mendiskripsikan hasil analisis puisi. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa bentuk Syair Burdah Melayu dipengaruhi oleh unsur budaya lain seperti Arab, Jawa, dan Melayu sehingga bentuk Syair ini seolah terpisah tapi sebenarnya satu kesatuan utuh.
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Mabruri, M. Alan, Riesta Maulidya, and Fitria Sugiatmi. "Pengaruh Aspek Sosio-Kultural Masyarakat Loloan terhadap Struktur dan Makna Syair Burdah Melayu di Bali." Poetika 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v6i1.35713.
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Syair Burdah Melayu merupakan bentuk tradisi lisan yang saat ini masih terlestari. Syair Burdah Melayu tercipta karena terjadi akulturasi budaya masyarakat pendatang di Loloan, Bali. Perpaduan antara budaya pendatang membentuk absurditas dalam struktur Syair Burdah Melayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan makna dan bentuk syair Burdah Melayu Loloan dengan aspek sosio-kultur yang mempengaruhinya. Masalah yang dianalisis adalah makna dan variasi bentuk pada syair Burdah Melayu. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori strukturalisme dinamik oleh Mukarovsky dan Vodicka dikombinasikan dengan teori semiotik oleh Charles Sander Pierce untuk menjelaskan makna dan bentuk syair Burdah Melayu yang dipengaruhi oleh sosio-kultur masyarakat Loloan Barat. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kata-kata untuk mendiskripsikan hasil analisis puisi. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa bentuk Syair Burdah Melayu dipengaruhi oleh unsur budaya lain seperti Arab, Jawa, dan Melayu sehingga bentuk Syair ini seolah terpisah tapi sebenarnya satu kesatuan utuh.
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Ades, Lionel, Xavier Thomas, Agnes Guerci-Bresler, Raffoux Emmanuel, Olivier Spertini, Norbert Vey, Thierry Lamy, et al. "Is Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) Required in the Treatment of Standard Risk Newly Diagnosed APL? Analysis of a Randomized Trial (APL 2006) By the French Belgian Swiss APL Group." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.451.451.
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Abstract Background: ATO is very effective in the treatment of APL and recent results have shown that ATRA+ATO combinations (without CT) were at least as effective as classical ATRA + anthracycline based chemotherapy (CT) while being less myelosuppressive (Lo Coco, NEJM 2014, Burnett, Lancet Oncol, in press). However, access to ATO remains limited for frontline treatment of APL in most countries, which must mainly rely on ATRA+CT combination. In those combinations, investigators have suggested that the amount of CT could be reduced and the incidence of relapses further diminished by introducing ATRA (Sanz) or ATO (Powell) during consolidation cycles. In a randomized trial (APL 2006 trial), we compared for consolidation treatment (after ATRA CT induction treatment) ATO, ATRA and the "classical" Ara C in standard risk APL (ie with baseline WBC < 10G/L). Methods: Between 2006 and 2013 newly diagnosed APL patients (pts) < 70 years with WBC < 10 G/L , after an induction treatment consisting of ATRA 45mg/m2/d until CR with Idarubicin (Ida) 12 mg/m2/dx3 and AraC 200mg/m2/dx7 started on day 3, were randomized for consolidation between AraC, ATO and ATRA. The AraC group ( standard group) received a first consolidation course with, Idarubicin (Ida) 12 mg/m2/dx3 and AraC 200mg/m2/dx7, a second consolidation with Ida 9 mg/m2/dx3 and AraC 1g/m2/12h x4d, and a maintenance during two years with intermittent ATRA 15d/ 3 months and continuous 6 MP + MTX,). The ATO and ATRA groups received the same treatment as the AraC group, but AraC was replaced respectively by ATO 0.15 mg/Kg/d d1 to 25 and ATRA 45 mg/m2/d d1 to 15 for both consolidation courses. We present here results of an analysis made at the reference date January 1st 2014 in the 398 pts aged < 70 years with WBC<10G/L included before 1/1/2012. The primary endpoint was event free survival (EFS) from CR achievement. Relapse, survival, side effects of the treatment and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints. Results: Among the 398 included pts, 7 were excluded for diagnosis error, 96% achieved CR, 12 (3%) had early death (from bleeding (n=1), sepsis (n=6), Thrombosis (n=4), cardiac arrest (n=1)) and 4 (1%) had resistant leukemia. 353 pts were randomized for consolidation (118, 118 and 117 in the AraC, ATO and ATRA arms, respectively). Pre-treatment characteristics were well balanced between the 3 consolidation groups. Overall, 4, 0, and 7 pts had relapsed (p=0.03) and 6, 5, and 5 pts (p=0.93) had died in CR in the AraC, ATO and ATRA consolidation groups, respectively. Causes of death in CR were sepsis (n=4) and hemorrhage (n=2), AML/MDS (n=5), relapse of a previous cancer (n=2), other (n=2). Two of the 6 deaths in CR related to myelosuppression occurred in each arm. Of the 5 patients who developed AML/MDS, 2, 1 and 2 had been treated in the AraC, ATO and ATRA arms, respectively. Five-year EFS from randomization was 90.8% [85.5; 96.5], 92.5% [87.6; 98.4] and 86.8% [79.7; 94.5] (p=0.52), 5y CIR was 3.89% [0.08 ; 7.69], 0% [0 ; 0], 7.41% [1.96 ; 12.87] (p=0.03) and 5 year OS was 93.6% [89.1; 98.3]%, 92.8% [87.6; 98.4]% and 91.9% [85.4; 98.9] (p=NS), in the AraC, ATO and ATRA consolidation groups, respectively. Median time to ANC >1 G/L after the first consolidation course was 24, 24 and 17 in the AraC, ATO and ATRA group, respectively (AraC vs ATO: p= 0.96; ATO vs ATRA: p<0.0001). Similarly, time to ANC >1 G/L after the second consolidation course was 23, 19 and 13 days (AraC vs ATO: p= 0.02; ATO vs ATRA: p <0.0001). Median duration of hospitalization after the first and the second consolidation course were 32d, 29d, 32d (p= NS) and 30d, 17d, 15d in the AraC, ATO and ATRA group, respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Very high CR rates are now obtained in standard risk APL on a very large multicenter basis using classical ATRA and anthracycline based CT combinations, with very few relapses. On the other hand, our results strongly suggest that relapse rates observed with regimens without ATO, although they are low, can be significantly further reduced by addition of ATO. The Ida-ATRA consolidation regimen in particular, while carrying reduced toxicity, was associated with a relapse rate of 7.4%. Our results therefore advocate systematic introduction of ATO in the first line treatment of standard risk APL, but probably not concomitantly with CT, a situation where we found myelosuppression to be significant. Disclosures Guerci-Bresler: ARIAD: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; PFIZER: Speakers Bureau. Vey:Roche: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Deconinck:NOVARTIS: Other: Travel for international congress; PFIZER: Research Funding; CHUGAI: Other: Travel for international congress; ALEXION: Other: Travel for international congress; JANSSEN: Other: Travel for international congress; ROCHE: Research Funding; LFB loboratory: Consultancy. Dombret:Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Fenaux:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Shah, Nikesh, Franco Castillo-Tokumori, Julio C. Chavez, Leidy Isenalumhe, Hayder Saeed, Celeste Bello, Lubomir Sokol, Javier Pinilla Ibarz, and Bijal Shah. "Use of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab in TP53-Mutated Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Outside of Clinic Trial: The Moffitt Experience." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127291.
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Introduction MCL is an incurable B-cell lymphoma, accounting for 3-8% of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Efforts to increase frontline treatment intensity with cytarabine (AraC), autologous transplant, and prolonged Rituximab maintenance have improved outcomes for many. However, those with TP53 mutations do not show similar benefit, highlighting a need for novel approaches in this setting. Lenalidomide plus Rituximab (R2) has been shown to have activity in MCL, but little data exist in the context of TP53 alterations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 145 patients diagnosed with MCL between 2005 and 2019. Cases were selected by diagnosis of MCL and clinical evaluation from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 145 unique cases were identified, of which 63 had insufficient testing for TP53, 50 were negative, and 32 were mutation positive by cytogenetics, NGS, or FISH. Patients with mutated TP53 were further assessed for the primary outcome of event-free survival (EFS) and a secondary outcome of overall survival (OS). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Of 32 analyzed patients, 72% were male, with median age 67 years (46-87) and median WBC 15 (3-283). All but one patient presented with ECOG PS 0-1. LDH was elevated in 44%, with high MIPI in 56% of patients. Ki67 was available in 8 cases (median 30%), with 2 additional cases noted only as "blastoid." Frontline therapy consisted of Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone (RCHOP) or Bendamustine plus Rituximab (BR) with maintenance Rituximab (6 patients), AraC, and/or transplant (8), R2 (8), BTK+Rituximab (2), or palliation (XRT 1, Rituximab 2, watchful waiting 5). Seven patients received R2 in the relapsed setting. With median followup of 44 months, the median OS was not reached (83%), and median EFS among all treated patients was 36 months. Among those who received frontline R2, 63% were male, with median age 68 (55-75), median WBC 74 (11-283), with elevated LDH in 50% and high MIPI in 88%. Ki67 was available for 2 patients, and measured 10% and 80%. The Median OS and EFS were 100% with median followup on therapy of 15 months. Conclusions Survival was surprisingly robust across this cohort of high risk MCL. Treatment with Lenalidomide plus Rituximab may provide an alternative regimen for TP53-mutated MCL in the first-line setting. Further analysis of long-term data will be beneficial to monitor durability of remission. Figure Disclosures Chavez: Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Bello:Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Sokol:EUSA: Consultancy. Pinilla Ibarz:Novartis: Consultancy; Teva: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Shah:Celgene/Juno: Honoraria; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Spectrum/Astrotech: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria.
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Choquet, Sylvain, Adrien Grenier, Caroline Houillier, Carole Soussain, Marie Pierre Moles, Thomas Gastinne, Nathalie Cassoux, et al. "Very High Efficiency of ICE (Ifosfamide-Carboplatin-Etoposide) in Relapse/Refractory (R/R) Primary Central Nervous System (PCNSL) and Vitreo-Retinal (VRL) Non Hodgkin Lymphoma. a LOC Network Multicenter Retrospective Study on 58 Cases." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1524.1524.
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Abstract Background: R/R PCNSL and VRL carry a very poor prognosis (i.e. 4,5 months, Jahnke, J neuro-oncol 2006)). Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is effective in this setting but essentially if the disease is in good response (CR and PR). Since recent recommendations for first line treatment recommend high dose Mtx and AraC, new salvage chemotherapies must use other drugs. ICE regimen contain three drugs known to pass the blood-brain barrier and is validated in R/R systemic lymphoma but not in PCNSL/VRL. Methods: From June 2010 to May 2015, all relapse/refractory PCNSL and VRL already treated by Mtx and AraC in 5 departments of haematology or neuro-oncology in France, where treated by ICE: ifosfamide (5g/m² at day 2), carboplatine (AUC 5 at day 2) and etoposide (100mg/m²/d days 1 to 3) every 3 to 4 weeks. ASCT with thiotepa-busulfan-cyclophosphamide was proposed when possible. Results: Fifty-eight patients have been treated, 25 females and 33 males, median age was 64 [28-84]. Eight received rituximab at day 1 of each cycle. Twelve where refractory, 46 in relapse, with a mean progression free survival (PFS) of 159 days [0-1763] before ICE. Thirty patients (51%) were in second line, 12 (21%) in third, 4 in fourth. Localizations where CNS in 32 cases, CNS + spinal fluid (SF) in 11, CNS + VR in 2, VRL in 9, SF in 3 and CNS+VR+SF in 1. Patients received a median of 3 cycles and 25 needed a dose reduction. Grade 3/4 WHO toxicities where: 29% neutropenic fever, 50% anemia, 69% neutropenia, 78% thrombocytopenia and 3 neurological reversible complications. ASCT have been made in 19 patients (33%): 13 in CR, 4 in PR, 2 in progression. Response rate is 70% (48% CR and 22% PR). With a mean follow-up of 670 days, 25/41 patients in response relapsed (only 7/19 after ASCT), median PFS is 133 days (NR for ASCT), 35 patients died (30 by progression, 4 by sepsis and one by sudden heart arrest in PR). Median Overall survival (OS) was 238 days for all patients but was not reached in case of ASCT, mean follow up for surviving ASCT is 856 days [278-1628]). Conclusion: ICE regimen is very effective in relapse/refractory PCNSL and LVR heavily treated by high dose Mtx and AraC, with a manageable toxicity. If ASCT is performed, OS is very high and relapses rare. ICE + ASCT can represent a new standard in this setting. Disclosures Leblond: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Mundipharma: Honoraria.
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Stelljes, Matthias, Simon Raffel, Ralph Wäsch, Sebastian Scholl, Mustafa Kondakci, Andreas Rank, Mathias Haenel, et al. "First Results of an Open Label Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin for Induction Therapy Followed By a Conventional Chemotherapy Based Consolidation and Maintenance Therapy in Patients Aged 56 Years and Older with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (INITIAL-1 trial)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136920.
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Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents around 5% of all newly diagnosed leukemia in patients between 55 and 70 years of age. Despite recent advances especially in younger patients, the prognosis of older patients with ALL remains dismal, even after moderately intensive chemotherapy. Due to increasing toxicity and infection rates in older patients, dose intensification of induction treatment often is no justifiable option. Consequently, new treatment options are needed to improve the survival of older ALL patients. Methods: This open label phase II study of the German Multicenter Study Group on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GMALL) is currently activated in 14 centers in Germany. Patients aged >55 years with newly diagnosed acute B lymphoblastic leukemia, with the exception of Philadelphia-chromosome or BCR-ABL positive ALL or Burkitt's or mixed phenotype acute leukemia, are eligible. Leukemic blasts must have CD22 surface expression of at least 20%. No previous ALL-specific treatment, with the exception of corticosteroids and/or single dose vincristine and/or up to 3 doses of cyclophosphamide (cycloph.) plus standard prephase treatment are allowed. The 1st induction cycle consists of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) 0.8 mg/m2 on day1 and 0.5 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15 together with dexamethasone 10 mg/m2 (days 7-8, days 14-17) and 1 intrathecal injection of methotrexate (MTX), cytarabine (AraC) and dexamethasone (Dexa). The 2nd and 3rd induction cycle consist of InO 0.5 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 plus intrathecal injection of MTX/AraC/Dexa. Response evaluation is scheduled after each cycle. Patients achieving a complete remission are offered to receive 5 conventional consolidation therapies (3 x ID-MTX/asparaginase; 2 x ID-AraC) and one reinduction therapy (idarubicine/AraC/cycloph./Dexa) in combination with rituximab (for CD20+ ALL), followed by a maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine/MTX. The primary endpoint is is event free survival (EFS) at 12-months follow-up. An event is any of the following: persisting bone marrow blasts after 2 cycles of InO, relapse or death. An event rate of ≤40% at 12 months follow-up is considered to qualify the experimental treatment as very promising for additional testing. Under the assumption of one-sided type I error of 5% and 80% power, 42 evaluable patients were needed for primary endpoint analysis. The INITIAL-1 trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03460522. Results: As of July 2020, 31 patients have been included, with induction results available for 29 patients. Median age at initial diagnosis was 64 years (range 56-80 years). Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with a common- and 4 with a pro-B lymphoblastic leukemia. Median CD22 expression on leukemic blasts was 70% (range 21-99%). Due to suspected therapy related liver toxicities, 1 patient received 1 induction cycle and 1 patient 2 induction cycles (both were in remission after the 1st induction). All other patients completed induction therapy and achieved complete remission (CR/CRi) mainly after the 1st induction. Results of minimal residual disease (MRD) measured by PCR are available for 23 patients, with 17 being MRD-negative after induction. So far, 4 events have been reported (2 deaths in remission and 1 relapsed ALL in the 1st year of treatment; one relapsed disease in the 2nd year). With a median follow-up of 242 days, the probability of OS at 1 year is 82.4 %. Two patients received an allogeneic stem cell transplantation in ongoing 1st remission. With regard to adverse events (AEs) during induction therapy 1, 2 and 3, most common AEs ≥CTC 3 reported were leukocytopenia (in 64%, 33% and 13% of all cases, respectively), anemia (54%, 28%, 13%), thrombocytopenia (68%, 17%, 26%) and elevation of liver enzymes (31%, 22%, 20%). Conclusion: Replacement of conventional induction chemotherapy by InO is feasible, results in promising remission rates, and may reduce the risk of early morbidity and lethality, particular in older patients with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. Disclosures Stelljes: Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Wäsch:Pfizer: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Haenel:Amgen, Novartis, Roche, Celgene, Takeda, Bayer: Honoraria. Lenz:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Agios: Research Funding; AQUINOX: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Verastem: Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Brüggemann:Affimed: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Goekbuget:Gilead: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; Servier: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jazz: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Erytech: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding. Alakel:Pfizer: Consultancy. OffLabel Disclosure: Inotuzumab ozogamicin for induction therapy (1st line therapy)
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Kim, Paul In Young. "THE LOST LEGACY OF CHRISTIANITY : AN ARAB CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY UNDER THE ABBASID CALIPHATE FOR MODERN MISSIONARIES AND DHIMMI CHURCH NO. 2." Muslim-Christian Encounter 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 219–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30532/mce.2017.09.10.2.219.
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Willemze, Roelof, Stefan Suciu, Franco Mandelli, Giovanna Meloni, Boris Labar, Stijn J. M. Halkes, Petra Muus, et al. "High Dose (HD-AraC) Vs Standard Dose Cytosine Arabinoside (SD-AraC) During Induction and IL-2 Vs Observation After Consolidation/Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): Final Report of the AML-12 Trial of EORTC and GIMEMA Leukemia Groups on the Value of High Dose AraC." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.257.257.
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Abstract Abstract 257 The AML-12 randomized phase III trial of EORTC-LG and GIMEMA assessed the efficacy and toxicity of HD-AraC (3 g/sqm/12 hrs for 4 days) combined with daunorubicin (50 mg/sqm/d for 3 days) and etoposide (50 mg/sqm/d for 5 days) vs SD-AraC (100 mg/sqm/d for 10 days) with the same drugs, in previously untreated AML < 61 year old patients (APL excluded). Patients (pts) in complete remission (CR) had to receive consolidation consisting of AraC (500 mg/sqm/12 hrs for 6 days) and daunorubicin. Subsequently an allogeneic (allo-SCT) or autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) was planned according to donor availability and age. A 2nd randomization had to be done after evaluation of consolidation in pts without a donor: auto-SCT followed or not by low dose IL-2. The aim of the trial was to detect an 8% treatment difference (from 35% to 43%) in the 5-yr overall survival (OS) rate, corresponding to a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.80 (alpha=5%, power=95%); secondary endpoints were response to induction, toxicity, disease-free survival (DFS) from CR. Randomization was performed centrally; the 1st randomization was stratified for age (<46 vs > 45 yrs), performance status, WBC and center. Intent-to-treat analysis was done. From 9/1999 till 1/2008, 2005 pts from 68 centers were randomized. Due to insufficient reporting, 3 centers, who recruited 63 patients, have been excluded from the analysis. The remaining 1942 pts (872 pts entered by EORTC-LG and 1070 by GIMEMA) 969 were randomized in SD-AraC and 973 in HD-AraC arm; among them 25 and 28, respectively, were ineligible, but kept in the analysis. Both arms were comparable with respect to gender, age (median=45 yrs), disease history, initial leukocyte count, PS, FAB and cytogenetics. At a median follow up of 6 yrs, 1114 pts had died. Results: After 1 or 2 courses of induction, CR was achieved in 1430 pts (73.6%); 684 (71.9%) pts (SD-AraC group) vrs 746 (78.7%) pts (HD-AraC group): p=0.002. Resistance was documented in 173 (18.2%) vrs 123 (13%), and death during induction in 85 (8.9%) vrs 71 (7.5%) pts, respectively. Induction toxicity profile and grade was similar in the 2 arms except for conjunctivitis grade 3: HD-AraC>SD-AraC. CR rates for pts<46 yrs were 74.7% (SD-AraC) and 81.4% (HD-AraC) and for pts>45 yrs 66.4% (SD-AraC) and 71.8% (HD-AraC). 634 pts (SD-AraC and 686 (HD-AraC) received a consolidation cycle. Among 765 CR-pts<46 yrs 284 pts had an HLA identical sibling (<46D) and 481 did not or had not been typed (<46NoD). Among 665 CR-pts>45 yrs 225 pts had an HLA identical sibling (>45D) and 440 did not or had not been typed (>45NoD). In the <46D group 211 underwent an allo-SCT and 11 an auto-SCT. In the <46NoD group 274 underwent an auto-SCT and 29 a MUD-SCT; in the >45D group 147 underwent an allo-SCT and 14 an auto-SCT. In the >45NoD group 244 underwent an auto-SCT and 12 a MUD-SCT. Comparisons of treatments arm regarding OS from randomization, DFS and Survival (S) from CR are indicated in the Table. The impact of age on the treatment difference regarding OS was almost significant (p=0.06). In pts >45 who reached CR, the decrease in the relapse rate in the HD-Ara-C arm vrs SD-Ara-C arm (45.5% vs 49.4%) was counterbalanced by an increase in the death in CR rate (18.4% vs 13.2%). Conclusion: The final evaluation of the EORTC-GIMEMA AML-12 trial shows that, with a median follow-up of 6 years, HD-AraC in the induction treatment leads to a significantly higher CR rate than SD-Ara-C and results in improvement in overall survival but only in pts under the age of 46 years. Disclosures: Muus: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Beksac:Janssen Cilag: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
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Pluta, Agnieszka, Tadeusz Robak, Agata Wrzesien-Kus, Bozena Katarzyna Budziszewska, Kazimierz Sulek, Ewa Wawrzyniak, Magdalena Czemerska, et al. "Daunorubicine, Cytarabine and Cladribine (DAC) Vs Daunorubicine and Cytarabine (DA) Induction Treatment in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients – Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Trial of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG)." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3602.3602.
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Abstract Abstract 3602 Background: AML in elderly patients is associated with very poor prognosis. The best treatment option for this group of patients is not established, yet. The intensity of treatment depends on performance status and comorbidities. The previous PALG AML study showed that addition of cladribine (2CdA) to conventional induction therapy; especially in patients above 40 yrs, is associated with better outcome (Ho3owiecki 2004). Based on this observation we designed a study addressed to newly diagnosed AML patients above 60 yrs old, who were fit enough to intensive treatment. Aim: To verify whether addition of 2CdA has an impact to clinical outcome in newly diagnosed AML patients older than 60 years old. Methods: From October 2004 to November 2011, 178 patients from 16 hematological PALG centers were randomly assigned to DA induction therapy consisting of daunorubicine (DNR) 45mg/m2, intravenously (iv), day 1–3 and cytarabine (AraC) 100 mg/m2, iv, day 1–7 (DA) or DA with addition of 2CdA 5mg/m2, iv, day 1–5 (DAC). Patients, who achieved complete remission (CR), received one course of consolidation with mitoxantron 6mg/m2 iv day1–2 and AraC 100mg/m2 iv day 1–5, followed by six cycles of maintenance consisting of (DNR 30mg/m2 iv day 1–2 with AraC 100mg/m2 sc day 1–5 and tioguanine 100mg/m2, p.o., twice day, day 1–5 with AraC 100mg/m2 s.c. day 1–5, alternately). Response criteria were determined according to revised recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Chesson 2003). Statistical analysis: Pairwise comparisons between patient characteristics were performed by the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables and by χ2-statistics or Fisher's exact test for categorical variable. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival were calculated and compared using the log-rank test. For multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 88 pts with median age 66 yrs (range 60–79 yrs) were randomized to DA and 90 pts with median age 64 yrs (range 60–79 yrs) was enrolled to DAC schema. The both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, performance status, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelets count, tumor burden parameters, cytogenetic, between the both groups. The overall CR rate was 38%. In DA and DAC groups CR was achieved in 33% and 43% pts, respectively (p=0.12). However, in patients under 65 yrs the trend towards higher CR rate in DAC arm than DA group was observed (47% vs. 29%, p=0.09). In pts above 65 yrs the CR rate was comparable (39% vs. 38%, p=0.8). The efficacy and hematological toxicity in DA and DAC groups was similar (Table 1). Also no statistical significant differences in non-hematological toxicity were observed (data not shown). Early deaths in DA and DAC did not differ significantly. Median overall survival (OS) in DA and DAC arm was also similar in both groups (Table 1). In proportional hazard Cox analysis only age under 65yo, CR achievement and WBC above 100G/L were important for better OS (p=0.02, p<0.001 and p=0.09). The presence of dysplastic changes, karyotype, LDH, number of bone marrow blasts did not influenced OS. Conclusions: Our data suggest that prolonged overall survival can be achieved in elderly AML patients mainly till 65yrs. Intensive therapy, especially in patients older than 65yrs, may be associated with high number of complications what results withdrawing from intensive treatment protocol. Hematological and non-hematological toxicity of DA and DAC schema is comparable, however higher CR rate in DAC group in patient till 65yrs may suggest, that addition of 2CdA to DA does not increase toxicity and may be a treatment option in this patient population. Disclosures: Wiktor-Jedrzejczak: Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Genopharm: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Genzyme: Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.
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Husseini, Dima EL. "Enjeux de la traduction-rédaction Web dans un environnement multilingue." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 16, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.00005.hus.
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Résumé Cette étude se propose de mener une réflexion sur les enjeux de la traduction-rédaction du discours institutionnel. Il s’agit plus précisément de l’étude des enjeux de la rédaction Web dans l’environnement multilingue. Notre analyse porte, dans une optique traductologique, sur les pratiques de la rédaction Web à travers l’étude de deux exemples de discours institutionnels dans le monde arabe : l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (Bureau régional de la Méditerranée orientale) et l’Organisme général de l’information, portail du gouvernement égyptien chargé de promouvoir la culture et l’image de l’Égypte. La réflexion que nous menons dans cette étude s’interroge sur l’évolution des pratiques de la traduction-rédaction Web dans son rapport avec les métiers de la traduction. Nous analyserons des exemples représentatifs des particularités de la rédaction Web en français et en arabe : production et optimisation de contenus, rédaction de métadonnées, adaptation à l’utilisateur et aux moteurs de recherche. Le fond et la forme du contenu s’inscrivent dans une perspective axée sur l’utilisateur. Les spécificités de la rédaction Web seront étudiées dans leurs rapports avec la culture locale. Quelles particularités pour l’utilisateur arabe notamment égyptien francophone ou non ? Dans ce contexte, une réflexion sera menée sur les enjeux d’ordre linguistique et socio-culturel dans l’opération de rédaction Web du discours institutionnel.
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Johnson, Matthew, Kaitlyn Dykstra, Tara Cronin, Linda Lutgen-Dunckley, Brandon L. Martens, Monica L. Guzman, and Eunice S. Wang. "Chloroquine Derivative Lys05 Overcomes Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through Metabolic Disruption." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116961.
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Abstract Background: Despite initial responses to standard chemotherapy, most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse and have poor prognoses after subsequent therapy. The hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is hypothesized to contribute to clinical resistance through the sheltering of AML blasts and leukemia stem cells (LSCs), allowing them to evade chemotherapy and reinitiate the disease. We have previously shown that AML cell lines cultured under prolonged hypoxia (1% O2) can upregulate autophagy and become resistant to cytarabine (AraC). Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagosome turnover with either Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) or chloroquine (CQ) can re-sensitize AML cells to AraC. Additionally, Baf A1 therapy effectively eradicated in vivo functional LSCs in a primary human AML xenotransplantation mouse model. However, clinical development of BafA1 and CQ has been limited by poor drug pharmokinetics. Lys05 is a novel water-soluble CQ derivative which exhibits 10 fold more potent autophagy inhibitory properties than CQ in vitro and is well tolerated in mouse models. Here, we tested the effects of Lys05 on human AML growth, chemoresistance under hypoxia, and in vivo leukemia burden in a human AML xenograft model. We also explored the effects of autophagosome accumulation on cellular metabolism as a new mechanism for targeting chemoresistant AML blasts and LSCs. Methods: Human AML cell line MOLM13 and CD34 positive AML patient samples were cultured under hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) with cytarabine (AraC) and late-stage autophagy inhibitor Lys05 alone and in combination. After 72 hours of drug exposure, apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry. Metabolic assays were performed using a Seahorse XFe96 analyzer to measure oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates using the Mitochondrial or Glycolytic Stress Tests on AML cells treated with late-stage autophagy inhibitors for 48 hours. Mitochondrial mass was measured following staining with MITO-ID Green Detection Kit using flow cytometry. Human xenograft models were performed using NSG mice inoculated with MOLM13 BLIV, a luciferase-expressing human AML cell line, and treated with either vehicle or Lys05 (20 mg/kg 4 days on/3 off for 4 weeks). Tumor burden was assessed using bioluminescence and analyzed with IVIS Living Image Software. Results: Treatment of AML MOLM13 cells with Lys05 in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Lys05 treatment further displayed similar results to BafA1 and CQ, enhancing the anti-leukemic effects of AraC and overcoming hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Seahorse XFe analysis revealed that BafA1 inhibited both basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 24 hours. CQ and Lys05, however, had no effect on oxidative phosphorylation under normoxia, yet significantly decreased mitochondrial function under hypoxia. Interestingly, reduced function did not coincide with a decrease in mitochondrial mass, but rather increased mitochondrial mass. We also observed decreases in glycolytic function after treatment with late-stage autophagy inhibitors under hypoxia suggesting these cells may be undergoing an energy crisis. Treatment of leukemia-bearing mice with Lys05 trended toward decreased tumor burden compared to vehicle. Studies optimizing Lys05 monotherapy and testing combination treatment with AraC are underway. Conclusions: Our research shows that CQ derivative Lys05 exhibits significant anti-leukemic activity against human AML cells and restores chemosensitivity to cytarabine under hypoxia, further supporting our hypothesis that autophagosome accumulation can overcome hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. We also demonstrate that Lys05 may effectively inhibit leukemia progression in vivo. Our studies further reveal metabolic disruption through the accumulation of autophagosomes as a mechanism for restoring chemosensitivity of AML cells under hypoxia and targeting LSCs. These results establish late-stage autophagy inhibitors, specifically Lys05, as a promising new treatment approach for resistant AML and supports further study of these drugs for treatment of minimal residual disease. Disclosures Guzman: Cellectis: Research Funding. Wang:Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy; Jazz: Speakers Bureau.
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Craddock, Charles, Aimee E. Jackson, Ram K. Malladi, Maria H. Gilleece, Andy Peniket, Rahuman Salim, Eleni Tholouli, et al. "The Sequential Flamsa-Bu Conditioning Regimen Does Not Improve Outcome in Patients Allografted for High Risk Acute Myeloid and Myelodysplasia Irrespective of Pre-Transplant MRD Status: Results of the UK NCRI Figaro Trial." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125646.
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INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is an important curative strategy in adults with high risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplasia (MDS). Disease relapse represents the major cause of treatment failure and whilst retrospective analyses have identified that pre-transplant measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important predictor of transplant outcome this has never been examined prospectively. The advent of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens has substantially increased the number of older adults eligible for allo-SCT but the optimal RIC regimen in high risk AML remains unknown. Registry data have demonstrated improved outcomes using a sequential transplant regimen utilizing cytosine arabinoside (araC)/amsacrine (AMSA) cytoreduction followed by a fludarabine (Flu)/busulfan (Bu) based RIC regimen (FLAMSA-Bu). However, although the FLAMSA-Bu regimen is now widely used in adults with high risk AML and MDS its benefit has not been evaluated in a randomized trial. We report the results of a randomized trial evaluating the FLAMSA-Bu regimen compared with standard RIC regimens which also represents the first prospective evaluation of the impact of pre-transplant MRD levels on transplant outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 244 patients (median age 59 yrs) with high risk AML (n=164) or high risk myelodysplasia (n=80) were randomized 1:1 to a control arm determined by investigator's choice of either Flu/B2/ATG (Flu, Bu 3.2 mg/kg x 2 days, ATG 2.5 mg/kg x 2 days); Flu/Mel/Alemtuzumab (A) (Flu, Mel 140 mg/m2, A 50 mg) or Flu/Bu2/A (Flu, Bu 3.2 mg/kg x 2 days, A 50 mg) versus an experimental arm of FLAMSA-Bu (Flu, araC 2g/m2 x 4 days, AMSA 100mg/m2 x 4 days, Bu -total dose 11.2 mg/kg). Patients over the age of 60 received an adjusted FLAMSA-Bu regimen utilising a reduced dose of araC (1mg/m2 x 4 days) and a total Bu dose of 6.4 mg/kg. Patients were transplanted using either an HLA identical sibling (n=49) or matched (10/10 or 9/10) unrelated donor (n=195). All patients received cyclosporine GVHD prophylaxis. 155 patients with AML were in CR1 or CR2 at the time of transplant and 9 had primary refractory disease. MRD was monitored by flow cytometry (applying different-from-normal analysis when no diagnostic/relapse leukemic aberrant immunophenotype was available). Pre-transplant MRD levels were measured up to four weeks prior to transplantation in 201 patients (MRD positive = 80 (40%), MRD negative = 94 (47%), inadequate sample = 27 (13%)). MRD results were not reported to clinicians. The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics including CR1/CR2 status, adverse cytogenetics and MRD levels were similar between regimens. Median follow up was 35 months. Transplant outcomes were comparable between patients allografted in the control and FLAMSA-Bu arms. 2 yr overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 61% and 30% respectively in the control arm vs 62% and 26% for the FLAMSA-Bu arm. Transplant related mortality at 100 days was 3.0% in patients allografted using the control regimen vs 14% in patients allografted using the FLAMSA-Bu regimen and 17% vs 21% at 1 year. In the study cohort pre-transplant MRD positivity was associated with both an increased CIR compared to patients testing MRD negative (2 yr CIR 42% vs 19%, p=0.009) and decreased OS (2 yr OS 52% vs 71%, p=0.048). The FLAMSA-Bu regimen failed to improve OS or reduce CIR in either MRD positive or MRD negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: This trial, the largest randomized trial of RIC regimens in AML to date, did not detect any benefit of intensification of the conditioning regimen in adults with high risk AML or MDS. Specifically, the FLAMSA-Bu regimen was not associated with improved transplant outcome in patients who were MRD positive pre-transplant. These data include the first demonstration in a prospective analysis that the presence of pre-transplant MRD measured in real time is associated with reduced OS consequent upon an increased risk of disease relapse. Further randomized studies of novel conditioning regimens in adult AML, crucially with integrated MRD studies, are now required but these results support exploration of alternative strategies, such as pre or post-transplant pharmacological intervention, as the most promising strategy to reduce the risk of disease relapse post allograft. Disclosures Russell: Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; DSI: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer Inc: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Freeman:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau. OffLabel Disclosure: We report data using the combination of fludarabine, busulphan, amsacrine and cytosine arabinsoide as a conditioning regimen in patients allografted for high risk acute myeloid leukemia
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Miftahuddin, Ahmad. "PEMBENTUKAN KATA DAN ISTILAHDALAM BIDANG HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONALPADA BAHASA ARAB TINJAUAN SEMANTISDAN MORFOLOGIS." Al-Ma'rifah 12, no. 02 (October 2, 2015): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.12.02.02.
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ABSTRAK
Istilah adalah kata atau rumus bahasa yang digunakan pada ilmu, bidang, maupun situasi tertentu. Istilah dibentuk dari kata yang dipandang cocok mewadahi konsep tertentu maupun kata yang diserap dari bahasa Asing karena tidak terdapat kata yang dipandang cocok dapat mewadahi konsep tertentu. Kata atau gabungan kata yang telah dibentuk menjadi istilah maknanya bersifat tetap, tepat, pasti, jelas, dan mantap sesuai bidang kegiatan atau keilmuan tertentu.
Berbeda dengan kata yang pada umumnya dibentuk melalui berbagai proses morfologis, seperti konversi, afiksasi, reduplikasi, komposisi, abreviasi dan sebagainya, istilah dibentuk melalui proses penerjemahan, regenerasi, dan penyerapan. Namun karena istilah secara gramatikal berstatus kata atau gabungan kata, maka pembentukannya pun tidak dapat lepas dari proses morfologis maupun sintaksis.
Penelitian ini selain mengkaji cara pembentukan istilah hubungan internasional pada buku yang berjudul Bahasa Arab Internasional karya Ibnu Burdah juga mengkaji aspek gramatikal istilah-istilah hubungan internasional dalam buku tersebut.
Dari penelitian ini ditemukan sejumlah 408 istilah dibentuk dengan cara terjemah, 1154 istilah dibentuk dengan cara regenerasi, dan 116 istilah dibentuk dengan penyerapan. Istilah-istilah hubungan internasional tersebut dibentuk mengikuti bermacam-macam struktur/ pola (wazn) dan forma (shighah/ slot) tertentu. Terdapat Dari data yang tersedia terdapat 879 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma mashdar, 215 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma ism fa’il, 72 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma ism maf’ul, 16 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma ism tafdhil, 1 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma fi’l madhin, 30 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma ism makan, 7 istilah dibentuk mengikuti forma ism alah. Selain itu beberapa gabungan satuan istilah disatukan oleh beberapa konstruksi, yaitu 453 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi na’tiy, 233 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi idhafiy, 27 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi jariy, 4 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi ‘athfiy, 2 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi mazjiy, dan 1 istilah dibentuk dalam konstruksi isnadiy. Sisanya 124 istilah merupakan bentuk konstruksi kata mandiri atau disebut dalam bahasa Arab bunyah basithah.
Kata kunci : istilah, pembentukan istilah hubungan internasional, analisis morfologis dan sintaksis
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Fitrawaty, Fitrawaty. "Keterkaitan Instrumen Kebijakan Moneter dengan Tingkat Pengangguran." Economics Development Analysis Journal 7, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v7i4.25101.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana interdependensi instrument kebijakan moneter dengan pengangguran di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2000 – 2011. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series yang diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia, Biro Pusat Statistik dan institusi lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vector Auturegression (VAR) dilanjutkan dengan Struktural Vector Auturegression (SVAR). Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi VAR dan SVAR, secara khusus diperoleh bahwa keterkaitan antara instrumen moneter dengan pengangguran (UNEMP) memiliki arah yang berbeda. Variabel operasi pasar terbuka (OPT), tingkat suku bunga diskonto (rDiskonto), dan tingkat bunga domestik (rDom), mempunyai arah yang negatif terhadap variabel pengangguran, sedangkan variabel giro wajib minimum (GWM), nilai tukar (EXC) mempunyai arah yang positif. Keseluruahan instrumen moneter secara parsial berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap UNEMP. Begitu juga setelah dilakukan shock dengan menaikkan OPT sebesar 5% pada tahun 2010, diperoleh bahwa variabel OPT, GWM, rDiskonto, rDOM, EXC, juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengangguran.
This study is intended to analyze the correlation of monetary policy instruments with unemployment in Indonesia during the period 2000 - 2011. The data used are time series data obtained from Bank of Indonesia, the Central Statistics Bureau and other institutions. This study uses Vector Auto regression (VAR) method followed by Structural Vector Auto regression (SVAR). Based on the results of the interpretation of VAR and SVAR, it was found that the relationship between monetary instruments with unemployment (UNEMP) had different directions. Open market operations variable (OMO), discounted interest rates variable(discount), and domestic interest rates variable (FDOM), have a negative correlation to the unemployment variable, while the statutory reserve requirement (GWM), exchange rate (EXC) variables have a positive correlation. The partiality of monetary instruments has no significant effect on UNEMP. Likewise, after the shock of increasing OPT by 5% in 2010, it was found that the OMO variable, GWM, discount, FDOM, and EXC, also had no significant effects on unemployment.
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Niederwieser, Dietger, Verena Sophia Hoffmann, Markus Pfirrmann, Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali, Sebastian Schwind, Vladan Vucinic, Rainer Krahl, et al. "Comparison of Treatment Strategies in Patients over 60 Years with AML: Final Analysis of a Prospective Randomized German AML Intergroup Study." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1066.1066.
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Abstract Despite recent advances, treatment of elderly patients with AML remains a challenge because of adverse disease biology, comorbidities and therapy related toxicities. The balance between effectivity and toxicity of treatment strategies play a key role. Since comparative studies are lacking, a prospective randomized trial was designed among German AML study groups with different treatment strategies to compare outcome. Patients ≥60 years with all AML subtypes except M3 were randomized up-front to a common standard arm (CSA) (10%) and to study specific arms (90%) of the AMLCG or the OSHO. The CSA consisted of one or two inductions of araC 100 mg/m2/d continuous IV (CI) d 1-7 d and daunorubicin (dauno) 60 mg/m2/d IV d 3, 4, 5 and two courses of araC 1 g/m2/d BID IV d 1, 3 and 5 as consolidation (Mayer RJ et al, NEJM 1994). The AMLCG study arm randomized TAD (araC 100 mg/m2/d CI d1-2 followed by BID d 3-8, dauno 60 mg/m2/d IV d 3-5 and 6-thioguanine 100 mg/m2/d po BID d 3-9) and HAM [araC 1 mg/m2/d IV BID d 1-3 and mitoxantrone (mito) 10 mg/m2/d IV d 3-5] versus two courses of HAM with any 2nd course only given if blasts persisted ± G-CSF. Two courses of TAD were given as consolidation followed by maintenance chemotherapy over three years. The OSHO study arm included araC 1 g/m²/d BID IV d 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 and mito 10 mg/m2/d IV d 1 - 3 for one or two induction courses and ara-C 500 mg/m² BID 1h IV d 1 + 3 + 5 in combination with mito10 mg/m2/d IV d 1 + 2 as consolidation. Pegfilgrastim 6 mg s.c. was applied on day 10 of induction and on d 8 of consolidation. The study was approved by the IRB and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01497002 and NCT00266136). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to randomization. Between April 1st, 2005 and May 26th, 2015 1286 patients were assigned randomly to the CSA (n=132) or to the study groups arm (n=1154). After excluding 139 patients (10.8%), 1147 patients were eligible for analysis, 1120 with follow-up for overall survival (OS) and 1079 for complete remission (CR) analysis. Baseline characteristics of all eligible patients showed median ages of 68 (60-82) years for the CSA and 69 (60-87) and 70 (60-85) years in the study arms A and B, respectively (p=0.05). Proportions of patients with secondary AML differed significantly between study arms (A: 42%, B: 30%, CSA: 36%; p=0.003). The CSA had less flt3 wildtype/npm1 wildtype patients (31%) vs. arm A (51% p=0.040) and arm B (58%, p=0.0455). No differences were observed with respect to cytogenetic risk groups, white blood cell counts, LDH, and npm1 mutant/ flt3-wildtype or mutant. The primary endpoint event free survival (EFS) did not differ between the CSA and study group strategies. Three-year EFS was 12.4% (95% CI: 6.7 - 19.9%) in the CSA, 15.6% (95% CI: 13.1 - 18.3%) in group A and 11.4% (95% CI, 7.4% to 16.4%) in group B (n.s.;Fig.1). With a median follow-up of 67 months, OS did not differ significantly between CSA and study group regimens. The 3-year survival probability was 22.3% (95% CI: 14.7-30.9%) in the CSA, 24.7% (95% CI: 21.6-27.9%) in group A and 22.4% (95% CI, 16.7% - 18.3%) in group B (Fig.2). CR status after 90 days of therapy was evaluated as secondary endpoint. The proportion of patients in CR in the CSA [51% (95% CI: 42-61%)] was comparable to the 50% (95% CI: 47-54%) and 48% (95% CI: 41-55%) of the study group arms (p=n.s.). Persistent leukemia was seen in 16% (95% CI: 10-24%) in the CSA vs 17% (95% CI: 14-19%) and 12% (95% CI: 8-17%) in groups A and B, respectively (both p= n.s.). A total of 226 patients died within 90 days of treatment, 24% (95% CI: 17-33%) in CSA, 19% in group A (95% CI: 16-22%) and 27% (95% CI: 21-33%) in group B; CSA vs A p=0.1859, CSA vs B p=0.5902). Death without AML was 3% in CSA, 2% in group A and 3% in group B, death with AML was 9% in CSA, 6% in group A and 5% in group B and death from indeterminate cause was 12% in CSA, 11% in group A and 20% in group B. Three-year relapse free survival (RFS) was 21.3% (95% CI: 12.2 - 31.0) in the CSA, 28.9% (95% CI: 24.9 -33.0%) in group A and 24.0% (95% CI: 16.8 - 31.9) in group B (both p=n.s.; Fig.3). In multivariate analysis independent variables for EFS and OS were age, type of disease, cytogenetic group and WBC count, but not the allocation to one of the treatment arms. Age and cytogenetic group were determinants for RFS. Conclusion A strictly prospective comparison of different treatment strategies in patients with AML did not show clinically relevant outcome differences when compared to a common standard arm. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 3. Disclosures Niederwieser: Novartis Oncology Europe: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau. Hoffmann:Novartis Oncology Europe: Research Funding. Al-Ali:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Hegenbart:Pfizer: Other: Travel grant; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel grant. Sayer:Riemser Pharma: Consultancy. Hochhaus:BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; ARIAD: Honoraria, Research Funding. Fischer:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Dreger:Novartis: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Hiddemann:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Other: Grants; Roche: Other: Grants.
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Goekbuget, Nicola, Joachim Beck, Monika Brueggemann, Thomas Burmeister, Eike C. Buss, Norbert Frickhofen, Andreas Huettmann, et al. "Moderate Intensive Chemotherapy Including CNS-Prophylaxis with Liposomal Cytarabine Is Feasible and effective in Older Patients with Ph-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Results of a Prospective Trial From the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL)." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1493.1493.
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Abstract Abstract 1493 Few older ALL pts are entered into prospective trials and data on characteristics and outcome are scarce. The GMALL started a prospective trial in older ALL (>55 yrs) in 2003. In Ph-neg ALL a prephase (Dexa, Cyclo, MTX i.th.) was followed by induction I (Dexa, VCR, Idarubicin), induction II (Cyclo, AraC), alternating consolidation with IDMTX (d 1,15) ×3, VM26/AraC ×2, reinduction (VCR, Ida, Cyclo, AraC) and maintenance (MP, MTX) up to 2 yrs. In CD20+ ALL Rituximab ×8 was added. CNS-prophylaxis consisted of i.th. triple combination (MTX, AraC, Dexa) ×4 during induction, ×8 during consolidation/maintenance. The original protocol (group 1) was amended to optimize CNS prophylaxis and consolidation (group 2). I.th. therapy was then performed with liposomal cytarabine, 3x during induction, 3x during consolidation. IDMTX dose was increased from 500 to 1000 mg/m2 and native E.coli ASP (10.000 U/m2) was added on d2 and d16 of IDMTX. VM26/AraC was replaced by IDAraC (1000 mg/m2 d1,3,5). In a further amendment the original i.th. prophylaxis was reinserted until final analysis of liposomal AraC became available. Furthermore, after induction, one cycle with pegylated ASP (500 U/m2) (PEG-ASP) was scheduled to evaluate feasibility in older pts (group 3). Results of induction were compared for groups 1–3; outcome analysis was restricted to 1–2 due to still short follow-up for group 3. 268 pts with a median age of 67 (55–85) yrs treated in 94 hospitals were evaluable (180, 43 and 45 pts in groups 1, 2 and 3 resp.). 39% were aged 55–65 yrs, 51% 66–75 yrs and 10% above 75 yrs. 67% had c/pre-B-ALL, 18% pro-B-ALL and 15% T-ALL. WBC was >30/nL in 27%. Poor ECOG status (≥2) before (ECOGb) or after (ECOGa) onset of ALL was described in 7% or 38% resp. 78% had any comorbidity and 9% had a Charlson score (ChS) ≥3. No significant differences were detected between groups 1–3. Overall 76% (N=203) achieved CR after induction, 14% experienced early death (ED) and 10% did not achieve CR. In groups 1–3 CR rates were 72%, 86% and 82% resp. and ED rates 18%, 0% and 11% resp. (p=.03). CR rates were 84%, 74% and 52% in three age groups (p=.002) with ED rates of 7%, 14% and 37% resp. (p=.0004). Immunophenotype and WBC (<> 30.000) correlated with CR but not ED rate. ECOGb 0–1 vs ≥2 correlated with CR (82% vs 33%;p<.0001) and ED (7% vs 53%;p<.0001). Also ECOGa correlated with CR (85% vs 67%;p=.003) and ED (6% vs 19%;p=.003). CR and ED rates were not influenced by comorbidity itself but by ChS < vs ≥3: CR (78% vs 59%;p=.003) and ED (11% vs 33%;p=.0007). Multivariate analysis confirmed ECOGb, WBC and age for CR rate, and ECOGb, age and ChS for ED. Overall survival (OS) at 5 yrs was 23%; 33% at 2 yrs for group 1 and 52% for group 2 resp. (p=.01). Mortality in CR was 6% and 15% of the pts were withdrawn in CR. Probability of continuous complete remission (CCR) was 32% at 5 yrs, 42% and 43% at 2 yrs for group 1 and group 2 resp. (p=>.05). Age (42% vs 37% vs 8%;p=.0007), WBC (43% vs 15%;p<.0006), ECOGb (40% vs 14%;p=.0008) and ECOGa (42% vs 30%;p=.0023) were correlated with OS in contrast to comorbidity and ChS. Age, treatment group, WBC, ECOGb and ECOGa were confirmed in multivariate analysis. Pts younger than 75 yrs with ECOGb below 2 had an 86% CR rate with 10% ED and 36% OS at 3 yrs. WBC and MRD were significant prognostic factors for CCR. MRD results after consolidation I were available in 33 pts. CCR was 11% in molecular failure vs 68% in molecular CR. Preliminary results confirmed feasibility of PEG-ASP. With this age adapted regimen a favorable CR rate was achieved in a large patient group with a median age of 67 yrs. CR was increased (86%) and mortality was decreased (0%) significantly with liposomal cytarabine compared to triple i.th. prophylaxis during induction, since the latter probably induced more bone marrow toxicity. Reduced ED contributed considerably to improved OS. Moderate intensive consolidation was feasible and ASP, including PEG-ASP, was well tolerated. Age was correlated with outcome and 75 yrs appears to be the upper limit for this regimen. General condition was an additional highly relevant prognostic factor whereas comorbidity, measured by Charlson score was associated with ED but not with OS. These results encourage further treatment optimisation in older ALL pts, including those with comorbidities, based on comprehensive diagnostics, geriatric assessment, MRD evaluation, intensified consolidation, use of ASP, dose-reduced stem cell transplantation and integration of new, targeted drugs. Disclosures: Goekbuget: Medac: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Glaxo: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Micromet/AMGEN: Consultancy; Sigma Tau: Consultancy. Off Label Use: Liposomal cytarabine in prophylaxsis of CNS relapse in ALL.
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Barthel, Pierre-Arnaud, Valérie Clerc, and Pascale Philifert. "La « ville durable » précipitée dans le monde arabe : essai d’analyse généalogique et critique." Environnement urbain 7 (December 9, 2014): a16—a30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027724ar.
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Articulés à une institutionnalisation progressive du développement urbain durable (DUD), beaucoup de nouveaux chantiers ont été ouverts dans les pays du monde arabe et commencent à se décliner en programmes d’action depuis les années 1990-2000. Ils peuvent être interprétés de manières ambivalentes et contradictoires. D’un côté, l’appropriation du DUD à travers des actions innovantes (programmes d’énergies renouvelables, projets d’éco-quartiers, nouvelles certifications etc.) sert la préservation d’un ordre et la bonne image d’un pouvoir, fût-il autoritaire. De l’autre côté, une véritable conduite de changement de l’action urbaine est amorcée et portée par des acteurs situés dans les « appareils » (agences publiques, ministères, etc.) ou en dehors de ceux-ci (bureaux d’études, associations, ONG), même si nous en soulignons les limites en l’état actuel des choses : éclatement des initiatives qui ne font pas ou peu réseau, invention à peine amorcée de réponses ad hoc qui traduiraient une « endogénéisation » du DUD, par là même différente du travail de reprise des réponses élaborées dans les pays du Nord, et impact encore limité des premiers projets dans la mesure où peu encore était construit et visible en 2012.
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Asghari, Mehdi, Gholamabbas Fallah Ghalhari, Marzieh Abbasinia, Fahimeh Shakeri, Reza Tajik, and Mohammad Javad Ghannadzadeh. "Feasibility of Relative Strain Index (RSI) for the Assessment of Heat Stress in Outdoor Environments: Case Study in Three Different Climates of Iran." Open Ecology Journal 13, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874213002013010011.
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Objectives: Different indices are used to evaluate heat stress in outdoor environments. This study was aimed at examining the applicability of the Relative Strain Index (RSI) to the assessment of heat stress in several climates of Iran. Methods: Based on the Köppen classification, three different climates were studied. Arak, Bandar Abbas, and Sari were selected as representative of semi-arid and cold climates, hot and dry, and Mediterranean, respectively. The data recorded by the meteorological organization, including air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were surveyed during 15-year period in three different climates. The RSI index was calculated by the formula. Also, the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index was computed using a model presented by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. Results: The mean RSI index in summer of the 15 years in Arak was 0.033 ± 0.33, in Bandar Abbas 0.54 ± 0.6 and for Sari was 0.17 ± 0.05. A high correlation was found between environmental variables and RSI index in three different climates. As well, there was a positive and significant correlation between both RSI and WBGT indices in three different climates (R2>0.96). Conclusion: The RSI index is a simple and empirical index and can be used for the evaluation of heat stress along with other indices. The index estimates the situation more than expected to be stressful in warm and dry conditions. So, it is not a useful index for hot and dry climates such as Bandar Abbas.
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Räty, Riikka, Tuomo Honkanen, Esa Jantunen, Sirkku Jyrkkiö, Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg, Outi Kuittinen, Minna Lehto, et al. "Rituximab Maintenance Bimonthly for Two Years after Prolonged Immunochemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Results in Long Remissions: Update with Six-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study By the Finnish Lymphoma Group." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1749.1749.
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Abstract Background Rituximab (R) maintenance therapy bimonthly until progression has been shown in a recent randomized study to prolong duration of remission (with median follow-up of 37 months) and overall survival in elderly patients (pts) with MCL after R-CHOP, but not after R-FC, induction therapy (Kluin-Nelemans et al, N Engl J Med 2012; 367:520-31). We have previously reported initial results of 60 elderly pts with MCL treated with induction therapy consisting of 10 cycles of alternating standard CHOP and intermediate-dose AraC (combining fludarabine in 3 cycles) with 8 doses of R, followed by bimonthly R maintenance for 2 years (yrs) (Räty et al. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1920-8). High response rate to induction therapy with ORR of 95% (CR/CRu 87%) was seen. PFS was 70% and OS 72% at 4 yrs with the median follow-up of 40 months. Herein, we update our results of this prospective study with completed maintenance therapy in all pts with a median follow-up time of 6 yrs for surviving pts. Methods The pts were recruited at 10 Finnish centres during Dec 2004 and Aug 2010. Eligible pts were > 65 yrs old with histologically confirmed newly diagnosed (WHO criteria, CD5+, CD19/20+, Cyclin D1+) and previously untreated stage II-IV MCL with adequate organ functions and performance status (WHO) <4. Induction: standard dose R-CHOP (cycles 1, 3, 5), R-AraC (R 375 mg/m2 x1, AraC 1 g/ m2 4 doses with 12 hrs intervals; cycles 2, 4), R-AraC with fludarabine (F) (F 25 mg/m2 2 doses, cycles 6-8), CHOP (cycles 9, 10). Maintenance for pts in CR/PR: R 375 mg/m2 bimonthly x 12. Response was evaluated according to Cheson’s criteria after 5th, 8th and 10th cycle, every 6 months during maintenance and 1 year follow-up, and clinically for later follow-up every 6 months. Median follow-up time at the time of this analysis was 70 months (range 41 – 113 months) for living pts. Results At the time of diagnosis the median age of 60 recruited pts was 74 yrs (range 65-83), 62% were males, 97% had advanced disease (stage III-IV), 77% had good performance status (PS 0-1). Most (87%) had a history of some other notable illness, most typically cardiovascular disease. Another cancer had been diagnosed earlier in 9 pts (prostate n=3, breast n=3, other n=3). The MIPI risk was low in 2%, intermediate in 45% and high in 53% of the pts, respectively. ORR was 95% (CR/CRu n= 52, PR n=5, PD n=2). One patient could not be evaluated for response due to withdrawal of consent after the first cycle. Seven pts did not receive R maintenance (died/progressed/relapsed during induction n=5, withdrawal of consents n= 2). All 12 doses were given to 34 of 53 pts (64%, CR/CRu n=32, PR n=2). Four pts discontinued maintenance due to recurrent infections / neutropenia,10 pts due to relapse and 5 due to other reasons (secondary MDS n=1, general fatigue n=2, unknown n=2). A transient grade 4 neutropenia was seen in 20 pts during maintenance with no serious infections. HZV or VZV infections were recorded in 9 pts. Altogether 22 of responding pts have progressed/relapsed (during induction n=2, during maintenance n=10, during follow-up n=10), 6 of them with isolated CNS relapse. Twenty-one pts have died (sudden cardiac death during induction n=1, progressive MCL n=17, secondary MDS/AML n=1, unknown n=2). At 6 yrs (intention to treat) PFS was 64% (median 97 months, 95% CI 75 – 120 months), EFS 59% (median 95 months, 95% CI 75 – 114 months) and OS 62% (median not reached), respectively. DFS was 72% at 6 yrs (median 91 months, 95% CI 89 – 93 months) for 52 pts in CR/CRu. Two pts have developed secondary MDS (at 27 and 67 months). Eight new cancers (prostate n=3, breast n=1 and skin n=4) have been recorded in 6 patients during maintenance or follow-up. Conclusions Long PFS and OS over 60% at 6 yrs with median DFS of more than 7 yrs can be achieved with prolonged cytarabine-containing immunochemotherapy followed by 2 yrs R maintenance in elderly pts with MCL. Maintenance therapy was well tolerated in general. Transient neutropenia during maintenance was not uncommon, but serious infections were not seen and only 4 pts discontinued maintenance therapy because of recurrent neutropenia or infections. Attention for second malignancies is requested as 9 pts had cancer before MCL diagnosis, MDS/AML was developed in 2 pts and 6 pts showed carcinomas during follow-up in this elderly patient population. Disclosures Räty: Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline Ltd: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria. Mikkola:Roche Ltd: Honoraria. Poikonen:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Baxter: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Räsänen:Novartis: Honoraria; Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria.