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Journal articles on the topic 'Arab Dramatists'
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1
Mahfouz, Safi Mahmoud. "Tragedy in the Arab Theatre: the Neglected Genre." New Theatre Quarterly 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000686.
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In this article Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz investigates the current state of tragedy in the Arab theatre and suggests some of the reasons behind the lack of an authentic Arabic tragedy developed from the Aristotelian tradition. Through analyses of the few translations and adaptations into Arabic of Shakespearean and classical tragedy, he both confirms and questions the claims of non-Arabic scholars that ‘the Arab mind is incapable of producing tragedy’. While the wider theatre community has been introduced to a handful of the Arab world's most prominent dramatists in translation, many are still largely unknown and none has a claim to be a tragedian. Academic studies of Arabic tragedy are insubstantial, while tragedy, in the classical sense, plays a very minor role in Arab drama, the tendency of Arab dramatists being towards comedy or melodrama. Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz is Head of the Department of English Language and Literature at UNRWA University, Amman, Jordan. His research interests include American Literature, Arabic and Middle Eastern literatures, modern and contemporary drama, contemporary poetics, comparative literature, and synchronous and asynchronous instructional technology.
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Alshetawi, Mahmoud F. "Combating 9/11 Negative Images of Arabs in American Culture: A Study of Yussef El Guindi’s Drama." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/458.
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This study intends to examine the dramatic endeavours of Arab American playwrights to make their voices heard through drama, performance, and theatre in light of transnationalism and diaspora theory. The study argues that Arab American dramatists and theatre groups attempt to counter the hegemonic polemics against Arabs and Muslims, which have madly become characteristic of contemporary American literature and media following 9/11. In this context, this study examines Yussef El Guindi, an Egyptian-American, and his work. El Guindi has devoted most of his plays to fight the stereotypes that are persistently attributed to Arabs and Muslims, and his drama presents issues relating to identity formation and what this formation means to be Arab American. A scrutiny of these plays shows that El Guindi has dealt with an assortment of topics and issues all relating to the stereotypes of Arab Americans and the Middle East. These issues include racial profiling and surveillance, stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the cinema and theatre, and acculturation and clash of cultures.
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Ali al-Anezi, Ali. "A Perspective on the Progress of the Theatre of Saad al-Faraj, with Emphasis on Censorship in Kuwait and the challenged Play Custom is Second Nature." Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, no. 41 (January 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjell.41.1.9.
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This study is an examination of the life and work of the Kuwaiti dramatist Saad al-Faraj (1938 - ). al-Faraj’s name is virtually unknown in the West – particularly in the English-speaking West, although he is well known in Arab World. Only one academic study of any significance has appeared in Arabic on this eminent and fascinating dramatist, who was honoured by NCCAL and the Arab Theatre Institute at the end of his life. This study do not attempt to be comprehensive but focus on particular stages of al-Faraj’s career. This study is, therefore, the only one to attempt to see al-Faraj whole. To do so it combines an account of his life which seeks to comprehend the various forces that shaped his thinking with an analysis of one of his main dramatic work. The study concentrates on the years following the trauma inflicted on the Arab world by the catastrophe of the defeat of June 1967. Al-Faraj’s career can be divided into two phases: the immature plays of his young manhood; his late period – the ‘Epic theatre’, when his Nasrism politics were the main factor shaping his drama. The study places al-Faraj in his historical and sociocultural context and provides a brief background explaining the literary and theatrical traditions of the Arab world that influenced his activity as a dramatist. His late work is then examined in turn and his play Custom is Second Nature is analysed in accordance with the focus of the study. This means that special attention is given to the late period, but no significant work is neglected. The study aims to trace the trajectory of al-Faraj’s development using a variety of sources: the plays themselves, al-Faraj’s own journalism and critical writings, interviews with him, and his close friends and colleagues, in addition to a number of journals, books and articles, some of which contain important interviews with al-Faraj that shed light on his thought and ways of working. Conclusions will be drawn but, more importantly, questions will be raised, and it is hoped that scholars will consider this playwright and his work a subject meriting further research.
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Nazar, Dr Shabana, and Dr Ghulam Ahmad. "Tawfiq Al-Hakim, The Pioneer of Introduction of Literature into Dramatics." International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjmss.v2.2(21)21.246-254.
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In ancient prehistoric times of the beginning of 20th century, Arabic world in general and Egypt in particular was thought to be the hub of knowledge and political practices. The basic political approach was to prevent foreign invaders from getting into Arab world and to maintain their own national sanctity. In this regards, one of the most prominent literary figures in Arab world is Tawfiq al-Hakim. This paper is a literature review of Al Hakim' literary contribution and thus, the main conclusion obtained from this is that Tawfiq al-Hakim has a significant position in maintaining true quintessence of literature in terms of tragedy because he kept the religion alive in his dramas and literary figures. He denied the fact that Islamic cultural civilization has to be ignored in order to understand the essence of Greek mythology. Only if there was a bond developed between the cultures of Islam and Greeks, it would have enriched not only Arabic but European cultural boundaries as well. He also went against the concept of the fact that Islam cannot sustain the tragic events because they believe in the concept of predestination.
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Alkhayal, Ieman Abdulrahman. "Monodrama and Self- Reconstruction: Exploration of Form in Selected Arab Plays." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 7 (December 12, 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n7p303.
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This research attempts to explore the importance of monodrama as an extended monologue that opens a discovery journey of a man’s solitary existence in the twenty-first century. The form offers subsequent polyvocal variations, which explores a set of questions inherent in estrangement, isolationism, and failure to articulate one’s thoughts. Hence, those themes are usually projected in, seemingly, fragmented forms. Dramatic episodes characterized by fragmentation, yet ironically laden with symbolic meanings, draw on mythical, historical and imaginary figures. The resulting combination demonstrates more than just a private experience, but a universal dilemma of alienation and confusion. Inspired by Hamlet’s debate of man’s inner struggle between “What the flesh is heir to” and “of what we suffer” internally, the paper attempts to investigate the selected Arab dramatist’s use of monodrama. The inner struggle in each monologue resembles core thematic trends, which extend to the twenty-first century, performed by actors who open a series of multi-roles that reflect on life, history, culture and other identity factors. Therefore, the paper will be paying extra attention to the weaving of multi-voices and consciousness within a monologue of a single character that embodies all. The main goal is to convey an internal conflict, or a journey to self-discovery, representing the ‘everyman’ reflection on his use of theatrical devices. By intermixing reality and the subconscious, the performer and the audience become pulled into inner realms of the unconscious, giving self- evaluation a more interesting dimension. This will further help reveal the monologue’s significance in treating psychological and social complexities through a concentrated dose of self-reflection in a dream-like framework.
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Zahrawi, Samar. "Democratizing the Dramatic Text: Wannous’s Late Aesthetics and Individual Freedom." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no1.1.
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Sadallah Wannous (1941-1997), the Arab World’s most celebrated dramatist, gave up on the didactic art of the ‘theater of politicization’, in the middle of his career, in favor of a freer introspection of human psyche and passions. He spent his most prolific late years searching for new aesthetics and promoting a culture of free thinking. Abandoning his prior commitment to achieving the modern state, Arabic unity, the liberation of Palestine and the triumph of communism, he started creating individuals who are caught up in conflicting passions, loyalties and choices. However, his new themes will still betray a will to reform the many ailments in Arabic culture and politics, such as politico-religious coalitions and colonialism. This article will study the artistic and ideological transformation in Wannous’s later drama. It will also explore the later pro-democracy trends through analyzing the emerging individualism in characterization and the plurality of discourses in the plays of the later period 1989-1997, namely The Rape (1989), Historical Miniatures (1993), Miserable Dreams (1994), Rituals of Signs and Transformations (1994), and Drunken Days (1997).
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MYERS, ROBERT, and NADA SAAB. "Sufism and Shakespeare: The Poetics of Personal and Political Transformation in Sa'dallah Wannus's Tuqus al-Isharat wa-l-Tahawwulat." Theatre Research International 38, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883313000229.
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Tuqus al-Isharat wa-l-Tahawwulat, one of the last major plays by the Syrian Sa'dallah Wannus, published in 1994, is one of the most innovative plays from the Arab world in the twentieth century. Based on a historical incident, it dramatizes the story of the fall of the Naqib of Damascus when he is arrested with his mistress Warda. The Naqib's enemy, the Mufti, saves him from disgrace by substituting the Naqib's wife, Mu'mina, for Warda, although Mu'mina leaves the Naqib and becomes a notorious prostitute. The play also overtly treats male homosexuality. Previous analyses of Wannus's plays have focused on the influence of Brecht and the Thousand and One Nights, and criticism of this play's feminist theme. This article argues that much of the play's novelty and aesthetic power derive from aspects of Shakespeare, principally Measure for Measure, and from motifs, lexicon and ritual theatricality derived from Sufism as aesthetic form and religious practice.
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Zahrawi, Samar. "The Hierarchy of Oppression, from Authoritarianism to Misogyny: A Study in the Monodrama of Mamdouh ʿUdwan." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no1.2.
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This paper will focus on the drama of the Syrian dramatist and poet Mamdouh ʿUdwan (1941-2004), who has not yet received due critical attention. During his twenty years writing for the stage, ʿUdwan resisted oppressive political regimes and was consequently marginalized and impoverished. Due to censorship, his drama does not delineate the free society that he dreams of, nor does it openly censure the sources of corruption. On the contrary, he creates ambiguous male characters who enjoy a measure of dignity and social decorum but simultaneously unravel their toxic masculinity and oppressive nature. On the other hand, women are kept offstage and are victims of either male chauvinism or social hypocrisy. This study will follow the unmasking of male authority and its parallel to political and economic hegemony. The purpose is to critique the values of Arab culture, which customarily cements male privilege. An analytical study of the form and content of ʿUdwan’s monodramas That’s Life (1987), The Garbage Collector (1987), and The Cannibals (1984) will link oppressive social behavior to political autocracy. It suggests that misogyny and oppression of women are consequences of men feeling crushed by dictatorship and corruption.
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Tasya Rachmadila Ramadhani and Isa Anshori. "Declining Muslim Religious Levels in the Middle East and North Africa Region." Journal of Islamic Civilization 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jic.v4i2.3745.
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At present it seems that the religiousness of Muslims is decreasing more and more. This can be seen from the increasing number of Muslims with liberal views and also by the increasing number of atheism, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. The causes and how the decline in the quality of reverberation, especially in areas where the majority are Muslim, will be discussed in this article. This research will use the literature study method by looking for various sources of available statistical data and surveys. Even though the countries in the region are Islamic countries, the research results show that even though the number of Muslim populations is increasing every year, the religiousness of the people in the region has decreased dramatically, especially after the end of the Arab Spring in 2011. Di masa sekarang tampaknya kereligiusan umat muslim semakin lama semakin menurun. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari semakin banyaknya umat muslim yang berpandangan liberal dan juga dengan meningkatnya jumlah ateisme khususnya di kawasan timur tengah dan afrika utara. Penyebab dan bagaimana turunnya kualitas bergama khususnya di kawasan yang mayoritas beragama islam tersebut akan menjadi pembahasan dalam artikel ini. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan mencari berbagai sumber data statistik dan survei yang telah tersedia. Walaupun negara-negara di kawasan tersebut adalah negara islam, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jumlah populasi umat muslim setiap tahunnya semakin bertambah banyak, tetapi kereligiusan masyarakat di kawasan tersebut semakin menurun secara dramatis terutama setelah berakhirnya arab spring pada tahun 2011.
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Dwijaya, Bayu Awifan, Romanus Edy Prabowo, Gentur Waluyo, and Imam Prayitno. "Paleoproduktivitas Formasi Tapak Banyumas Berdasarkan Bukti Mikrofosil." Syntax Idea 3, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v3i2.1001.
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Formasi Tapak merupakan formasi yang diketahui banyak mengalami perubahan lingkungan purba. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Formasi Tapak, Gunung Tugel, Kabupaten Banyumas menggunakan foraminifera bentonik dan nannofosil. Analisis umur relatif menunjukkan umur sampel sekitar pliosen awal, yaitu NN14 hingga tidak lebih muda dari NN15 (4,2 juta tahun yang lalu hingga lebih rendah dari 3,5 juta tahun yang lalu). Dinamika paleoekologi diamati dari kelimpahan dan diversitas mikrofosil mengalami kecenderungan yang menurun dari sampel lama ke sampel yang lebih muda. Perubahan paleoproduktivitas diamati berdasarkan produktivitas primer dan skunder, dimana sampel yang lebih tua cenderung lebih tinggi nialinya dari pada yang lebih muda. Kandungan TOC (Total Organic Carbon) pada sampel yang lebih tua memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel yang lebih muda. Nilai CaCO3 relatif meningkat ke arah yang lebih muda, tetapi pada sampel A21N persentasenya meningkat secara dramatis
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Dwijaya, Bayu Awifan, Romanus Edy Prabowo, Gentur Waluyo, and Imam Prayitno. "Paleoproduktivitas Formasi Tapak Banyumas Berdasarkan Bukti Mikrofosil." Syntax Idea 3, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v3i2.1001.
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Formasi Tapak merupakan formasi yang diketahui banyak mengalami perubahan lingkungan purba. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Formasi Tapak, Gunung Tugel, Kabupaten Banyumas menggunakan foraminifera bentonik dan nannofosil. Analisis umur relatif menunjukkan umur sampel sekitar pliosen awal, yaitu NN14 hingga tidak lebih muda dari NN15 (4,2 juta tahun yang lalu hingga lebih rendah dari 3,5 juta tahun yang lalu). Dinamika paleoekologi diamati dari kelimpahan dan diversitas mikrofosil mengalami kecenderungan yang menurun dari sampel lama ke sampel yang lebih muda. Perubahan paleoproduktivitas diamati berdasarkan produktivitas primer dan skunder, dimana sampel yang lebih tua cenderung lebih tinggi nialinya dari pada yang lebih muda. Kandungan TOC (Total Organic Carbon) pada sampel yang lebih tua memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel yang lebih muda. Nilai CaCO3 relatif meningkat ke arah yang lebih muda, tetapi pada sampel A21N persentasenya meningkat secara dramatis
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Munawar, Zen. "MENINGKATKAN KINERJA INDIVIDU MELALUI KRITIK/SARAN MENGGUNAKAN RECOMMENDER SYSTEM." TEMATIK 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38204/tematik.v6i1.185.
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Recommender system. sebagai bagian yang terintegrasi akan memberikan penyesuaian personalisasi individu dalam pengalaman menggunakan web. Penggalian pengetahuan produk dapat memandu pengguna saat melakukan pencarian suatu produk. Memberikan bantuan dan kinerja pengguna yang cerdas tugas pada nama pengguna akan membutuhkan pemahaman tentang tujuan dan preferensi mereka. Dengan demikian, umpan balik pengguna mempunyai peran penting dalam arti bahwa hal itu membantu mengarahkan pencarian ke arah rekomendasi yang "baik". Idealnya, sistem harus mampu menafsirkan umpan balik yang diberikan pengguna secara efektif, dan kemudian merespons dengan memberikan serangkaian rekomendasi yang "lebih baik". Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan menyelidiki bentuk umpan balik yang dikenal sebagai kritik/saran. Meskipun sejumlah besar pemberi rekomendasi sangat cocok dengan bentuk umpan balik ini, penulis berpendapat bahwa dengan sendirinya hal itu dapat menyebabkan dialog rekomendasi yang tidak efisien. Sebagai solusi, diusulkan teknik rekomendasi baru yang memiliki kemampuan yang secara dramatis meningkatkan kegunaan dari kritik/saran.
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Iveson, Kurt. "‘Making space public’ through occupation: The Aboriginal Tent Embassy, Canberra." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 3 (December 11, 2016): 537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16682496.
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Through the actions of activists involved in the Arab Spring uprisings, European anti-austerity movements and the Occupy and Umbrella movements among others, long-term occupations of public space have re-entered the repertoire of insurgent social movements to spectacular effect. These events have dramatised the challenges and limits of occupation as a spatial strategy for ‘making space public’. This paper seeks to make a contribution to the critical geographical literatures on occupation and public space, through analysis of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy – a politically motivated occupation of a patch of land in the Australian capital that is now entering its 45th year. The Embassy activists mobillised occupation in the process of making and sustaining a counterpublic. Counterpublic participants face a distinct set of geographical challenges in making space for both withdrawal and representation in the face of spatial subordination. Occupations like the Embassy seek to resolve these challenges by combining both of these activities in a single site. The Embassy draws our attention to two important sets of issues in relation to the counterpublic geography of occupations. First, it has much to teach about how space is made public through occupation, including dynamics related to the location, duration, reproduction and relations of occupation. Second, the Embassy issues a challenge about whose space is made public through occupation – as an embodied enactment of indigenous sovereignty, the Embassy reminds us that democratic politics in settler colonial nations like Australia is premised on a violent dispossession that has yet to be fully acknowledged or addressed.
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Imam Sugeng and Dhedhy Yuliawan. "Analisis Gerak Teknik Jump Service Pada Atlet Bolavoli Putri Petrokimia Gresik." Jurnal Adiraga 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/adiraga.v7i1.3325.
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Salah satu teknik dasar sebagai awal permainan bolavoli yaitu servis. Salah satu ketrampilan yang paling dramatis dalam permainan bolavoli modern adalah servis melompat. Servis melompat dalam permainan bolavoli modern, menghasilkan kecepatan bola tinggi, sehingga lawan tidak bisa menerimanya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah pola gerak seorang pemain bolavoli dalam melakukan jump service tepat dan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan indikator pola gerak jump service yang tepat dan cepat dalam permainan bolavoli. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis menggunakan prinsip-prinsip Biomekanika dan pengukurannya menggunakan software Dartfish. Dartfish dapat dipakai untuk melambatkan sebuah hasil rekaman gerakan dan menghentikannya, melakukan pengukuran panjang, sudut-sudut dalam gerakan, kecepatan dan percepatan gerak serta waktunya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah atlet Petrokimia Gresik belum mampu menghasilkan gerak jump service dengan kecepatan besar layaknya gerak jump service yang dilakukan oleh atlet Internasional Serbia, hal ini disebabkan pola gerak atlet Petrokimia Gresik belum mempunyai sudut segmen tubuh yang optimal ketika melakukan gerak awalan, awalan akan memukul (posisi badan saat di udara) dan saat impact. Maka dapat disimpulkan jarak awalan memberikan dampak pada gerakan akan melompat untuk mendapatkan titik tumpu yang tinggi untuk menetukan arah jatuhnya bola.
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Ahmad, Mas Rynna Wati. "EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN ANUAR NOR ARAI’S “VACUUM”." Jurnal Pengajian Melayu 33, no. 2 (October 29, 2022): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jomas.vol33no2.8.
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Abstract The period of experimental theatre in the 1970s significantly changed the history of modern Malay theatre. The plays staged during that era could be categorised as absurd because they contained strong inclinations towards absurd theatre techniques. The existential philosophy which underpinned the foundation of these works drew much controversy at its peak. This paper intends to highlight the portrayal of two main characters in Anuar Nor Arai’s “Vacuum” (Vakum) who are constantly in conflict: the Old Man, who resists change but wants to stay relevant, and the Young Man, who perceives existence as being present and believes that change should be accompanied by wisdom. This intergenerational conflict also reflects the existential crisis that makes the play unconventional. In addition, the paper delved into the existential conflicts experienced by the two characters and their respective journeys through the philosophical lens of existentialism. “Vacuum”, written in 1993, employed clever elements of absurd theatre techniques as it placed delicate issues into the mainstream discourse of local theatre at that time. Despite calling attention to various controversial issues through absurd theatre, such bold attempts by the playwrights are widely accepted today. Consequently, their boldness allows for more creative experimentation in the current mainstream Malay theatre. Keywords: Theatre of the Absurd, Malay Experimental Theatre, controversial, existential crisis, change Abstrak Zaman teater eksperimental pada tahun 1970-an telah membawa kepada perubahan yang signifikan dalam sejarah perkembangan teater Melayu moden. Teater yang dihasilkan pada era ini sering dikaitkan sebagai teater absurd kerana falsafah absurd yang sarat mendasari pembikinan dan pementasannya. Oleh itu, teater pada era ini sering menimbulkan kontroversi sepanjang era popularitinya. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada dua watak utama yang sentiasa berada dalam konflik yang berterusan iatu, Orang Tua yang berkeras tidak mahukan perubahan dan mahu kekal relevan dalam masyarakat. Watak Orang Muda pula melihat kewujudan yang relevan itu sebagai keberadaan dalam keadaan semasa dan menerima arus perubahan dengan kematangan akal. Konflik jurang antara dua generasi ini memperlihatkan krisis eksistensi yang membuatkan karya ini bukanlah sebuah karya teater yang konvensional. Kajian ini juga membincangkan berkaitan permasalahan konflik eksistensi yang dialami oleh dua watak utama dan derita saraf yang mereka alami melalui lensa falsafah eksistentialisme. Vakum, tulisan Anuar Nor Arai, telah diterbitkan pada tahun 1993 dan telah mengaplikasikan elemen-elemen teater absurd dan mengangkat isu yang rumit dan jarang diperkatakan dalam karya teater Melayu ketika itu. Walaupun karya Teater Absurd Melayu telah mengangkat isuisu kontroversi melalui falsafah absurd, eksperimen berani yang telah dilakukan oleh dramatis pada zaman itu telah diterima baik oleh dramatis aliran kini. Eksperimen yang tidak konvensional ini telah membuka ruang kepada dramatis generasi kini untuk lebih berani dan kreatif berkarya tanpa kekangan dalam aliran semasa teater Melayu masa kini. Kata Kunci: Teater Absurd, Teater Eksperimental Melayu, kontroversi, krisis eksistensi, perubahan
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Yousefi, Najm al-Din. "Robert G. Hoyland . In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2015. xiv + 303 pages, acknowledgments, figures, appendix, timeline, dramatis personae, genealogical tables, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth US$29.95 ISBN 978-0-19-991636-8." Review of Middle East Studies 49, no. 2 (August 2015): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2016.53.
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Magnis-Susesno, Franz. "Armin Kreiner, Jesus, UFOs, Aliens Außerirdische Intelligenz als Herausforderung für den christlichen Glauben, Freiburg/ Basel/Wien: Herder 2010, 218 hlm." DISKURSUS - JURNAL FILSAFAT DAN TEOLOGI STF DRIYARKARA 11, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36383/diskursus.v11i2.146.
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Belum begitu lama dua buah berita menggoncangkan dunia (astro-fisika). Yang pertama, CERN, Pusat penelitian atom di Geneva, yang dalam dua eksperimen berturut-turut menemukan bahwa neutrino (bagian mikro paling kecil) bergerak dengan kecepatan sedikit melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Yang kedua, pada minggu kedua Januari yang lalu pengamatan astronomis mutakhir menengarai bahwa dalam Bimasakti kita rata-rata setiap dari 10 milyar bintangnya mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu planet yang mirip dengan planet kita, bumi.
Berita pertama begitu dahsyat sehingga para ahli fisika yang membuat eksperimen itu belum mau mempercayainya, karena kalau amatan mereka betul, salah satu pilar fisika modern—teori relativitas khusus Einstein— runtuh. Sebuah revolusi baru dalam fisika. Salah satu implikasinya: kemungkinan menjalin komunikasi dengan extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI)—kalau ada—bertambah besar.
Berita kedua lebih dahsyat lagi implikasinya. Sampai sekarang banyak astronom berpendapat bahwa probabilitas terjadinya planet dengan ciri-ciri seperti bumi adalah sedemikian kecil sehingga tidak mustahil kalau manusia merupakan satu-satunya makhluk berakal-budi di alam raya. Tetapi kalau di Bimasakti kita saja—satu di antara (diperkirakan) 1011 Bimasakti di seluruh alam raya—terdapat 10 milyar planet mirip bumi, adanya makhluk berakal budi di luar bumi (aliens) merupakan kemungkinan kuat.
Dua penemuan ini mengangkat salah satu tantangan paling serius bagi teologi Kristiani: kalau ada makhluk berakal budi di tempat lain di alam raya, apa implikasinya bagi inti iman Kristiani, peristiwa Yesus Kristus? Apakah mereka juga perlu ditebus dari dosa? Dan kalau perlu, apakah karya penebusan Yesus juga berlaku bagi mereka? Kalau penyelamatan ilahi di planet-planet tidak berkaitan dengan Yesus Kristus, apa Yesus Kristus masih mempunyai relevansi universal dalam rencana penyelamatan ilahi?
Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini bukanlah pertanyaan iseng-iseng, melainkan menyangkut hakikat iman Kristiani. Persis masalah inilah yang dibahas oleh Armin Kreiner—guru besar teologi fundamental pada Fakultas Teologi Katolik Universitas München—dalam bukunya (yang, sayang, baru tersedia dalam bahasa Jerman). Buku ini membahas tantangan bagi teologi Kristiani andaikata ternyata selain manusia ada makhluk berakal budi lain di alam raya.
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Apakah Kreiner berhasil menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan teologis berat yang diajukannya sendiri? Inti masalahnya adalah bagaimana dua keyakinan berikut dapat dipersatukan. Pertama, bahwa kalau ada ETI di alam raya, mereka tidak kurang dicintai oleh Allah dari pada manusia bumi dan karena itu inkarnasi ilahi tidak mungkin merupakan kejadian hanya di planet bumi. Kedua, bahwa dalam manusia Yesus Allah mewahyukan diri sendiri secara unik dengan makna penyelamatan universal. Dan hal itu perlu dijawab tanpa jatuh ke dalam pluralisme relativistik àla Knitter, Hick dan Schmidt-Leukel di mana Yesus hanyalah salah satu dari pewahyuan diri Allah yang pada hakikatnya semua sama derajatnya. Kiranya Kreiner berhasil merumuskan tantangan. Ia menunjukkan arah pemecahannya, tetapi ia belum memecahkannya. Bisa diteliti apakah pemecahan dapat dicari ke arah pemikiran baru tentang Pan-en-teisme sebagai pola yang lebih cocok untuk memahami hubungan antara Sang Pencipta dan ciptaan, sebagaimana akhir-akhir ini diangkat oleh beberapa teolog (Herderkorrespondenz Spezial 2-2011). Yang jelas, kemungkinan adanya aliens menghadapkan teologi Kristiani dengan tantangannya yang barangkali paling berat, yang sampai sekarang pernah dihadapinya.
Sebagai catatan penutup, tetap benar bahwa probabilitas adanya ETI, melawan segala tulisan populer dan ilmiah (sampai sekarang), tetap minim! Probabilitas matematis bahwa di sebuah planet dengan kondisi-kondisi seperti bumi kita terjadi evolusi sampai ke kehidupan intelektual adalah kurang dari satu di antara 10100 (bdk. Erbrich, 1988, dll.). Kalaupun dalam setiap dari seluruh 1011 Bimasakti terdapat 10.000 planet mirip bumi, maka jumlah planet di alam raya yang kondisi-kondisinya mirip bumi adalah 1015. Jadi probabilitas adanya ETI tetap teramat rendah. Kemungkinan besar kita tidak pernah akan mengetahui apakah ada ETI. Selama itu pertimbangan-pertimbangan dramatis di atas bisa saja hanyalah sebuah permainan teologis, namun dengan daya tantang yang memang tinggi. (Franz Magnis-Suseno, Program Pascasarjana, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta).
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"Countering Post-9/11 Stereotypes: Arab American Playwrights Make Their Voices Heard." Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures 13, no. 3 (September 2021): 501–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.13.3.8.
Full textAbstract:
Before 9/11Arab-American drama was sporadic and inconsistent in the sense that there was a relative absence of Arab-American theater or playwrights who made their voices heard across the USA. However, after 9/11 the American theater scene witnessed a surge of Arab-American drama and theater that aimed at addressing the American audience in order to voice the concerns, fears and anxieties of Arab Americans. They wanted to dispel much of the stereotype attributes which have been wrongly associated with them because of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This study intends to examine the dramatic endeavors of Arab-American playwrights to make their voices heard through drama, performance and theater in light of transnationalism and diaspora theory. The study argues that Arab-American dramatists and theater groups write back to the hegemonic polemics against Arabs and Muslims, which has madly become characteristic of contemporary American literature and media following 9/11. Viewed in light of the anti-Arab American literary discourse, Arab-American playwrights and performers have taken giant steps towards changing the stereotypes of Arabs, and countering the loud voices of those who try to add fuel to the blazing flames of Islamophobia. To assess the contribution of Arab-American dramatists and performers to make their voices heard loud and clear in countering the stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims, Yussef El Guindi (1960-) is going to be discussed in this paper because he has been fighting the stereotypes of Arab Americans and Islamophobia in his drama and theater. El Guindi has devoted most of his plays to fight the stereotypes that are persistently attributed to Arabs and Muslims, and his drama presents issues relating to identity formation and what it means to be Arab American. A scrutiny of his plays shows that El Guindi has dealt with an assortment of topics and issues all relating to the stereotypes of Arab Americans and the Middle East. These issues include racial profiling and surveillance; stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the cinema and theater; and acculturation and clash of cultures. Keywords: Arab American, Identity, Theater, Stereotypes, Diaspora, Acculturation
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Adway, Abdallah Mahmoud. "Treatment of Historical and Informational Events in Arab Drama." Al-i’lam - Journal of Contemporary Islamic Communication and Media 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jcicom.vol2no1.36.
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Drama writers have great importance in writing history in people's minds in contemporary societies, which makes historical drama an important source of information. This study aims to research how to present events and information in Arab historical drama in accordance to the directions of dealing with the information on which the dramas of Islamic history are based. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach and the two methods of content analysis and statistical analysis, it took the series of "Omar" as a case study to research in the treatment of historical information. The study concluded the importance of informational accuracy in the treatment of events in increasing audience confidence in the series, Therefore, the series of Omar benefited from specialists in history and Sharia to review texts and historical events. While the dramatist may use fantasy in details in which no texts were mentioned, relying on understanding the nature of life in this time that is being simulated, but relying on imagination is not correct in dealing with the history of sensitive personalities such as Sahaba, while this is possible with other characters and with a positive portrayal of them.
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Syaripah, Imo’atus, and Thalitha Sacharissa Rosyiidiani. "Menggagas Jurnalisme Profetik dalam Infotainment (Studi pada Program Entertainment News Net)." Jurnal Komunikasi, Masyarakat Dan Keamanan 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/komaskam.v1i2.3199.
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Infotainment merupakan produk jurnalistik yang bersifat soft journalism. Karakteristik dari soft journalism adalah produk pemberitaan yang ditayangkan bertemakan dunia hiburan maka berita yang disajikan bersifat soft news. Di Indonesia, program infotainment banyak menghiasi layar kaca hampir di setiap stasiun televisi dengan intensitas penayangan 2-3 kali dalam satu hari. Seiring dengan frekuensi penayangan infotainment tersebut, ditemukan pelanggaran kode etik jurnalistik dalam menyampaikan berita. Berita yang disampaikan menjurus ke arah fitnah dan dramatisasi. Infotainmentmenjadi panggung sensasi para pekerja dunia hiburan yang miskin kemampuan. Di sisi lain, NET TV sebagai stasiun televisi baru menghdirkan salah satu program bertajuk infotainment dengan nama“Entertainment News” yang mengusung konsep “No Gosip” sebagai visi program. Penelitian inimenggunakan metedologi paradigma konstruktivis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan analisis data yang merupakan proses sistematis pencarian dan pengaturan transkip wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan materi-materi lain yang telah dikumpulkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi jurnalistik profetik Entertainment News NET dalam memproduksi informasi. Penelitian ini membahas tentang keselarasan visi program yang diusung oleh Entertainment News dengan produk jurnalistik yang dihasilkan. Dibingkai dalam kaidah konsep jurnalisme profetik, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi prototype produk soft journalism bagi program-programinfotainment lain yang terlanjur dikenal masyarakat sebagai pabrik produksi isu bombatis nan dramatis untuk dijual ke masyarakat dan pengiklan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implemetasi jurnalisme profetik dalam infotainment tidak bisa berjalan maksimal tanpa ada dukungan dari masyarakat danstakeholder. Kendati demikian, Entertainment News telah menghadirkan alternatif baru bagi masyarakat penikmat program infotainment dengan berita yang lebih sehat dan bermartabat.
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Allatson, Paul. "Editor's welcome, PORTAL, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2007." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/portal.v4i1.432.
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PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies enters its fourth year with the journal’s first special Chinese-language issue. Organised under the rubric of ‘The Revival of Chinese Cultural Nationalism,’ the issue has been guest edited by Dr Yingjie Guo of the Institute for International Studies, University of Technology Sydney, and features the work of scholars based in China and Australia. As Guo says in his introductory essay to the special issue, debates over cultural nationalism in China have been on the rise since the events in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989; indeed, the post-Tiananmen era in China may be witnessing what Guo calls an unparalleled cultural-political movement in the country’s history. The various contributors to this special issue explore the ramifications and manifestations of that broad cultural-political movement in film production, television drama, literary texts, cultural essays, regional entrepreneurship, and contemporary debates on nationalism and liberalism. This issue of PORTAL also features four non-special issue essays: a study of feminist ethics in the work of Filipino-Australian writer and dramatist Merlinda Bobis, by Dolores Herrero (Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain); a taut critique of the discourse that regards the twentieth century as the bloodiest and most atrocious in human history, by David B. MacDonald (Otago University, New Zealand); a trenchant analysis, by Ramzi Nasser and Kamal Abouchedid (Notre Dame University, Lebanon), of what the authors call the rise of “academic apartheid” in the university sector throughout the Arab world; and a fascinating exploration of the feminism and environmentalism pioneered by the Australian author, mountaineer, solicitor and Buddhist Marie Byles (1900-1979), by Allison Cadzow (University of Technology Sydney). Finally, it is a huge pleasure to also include in PORTAL’s cultural works section a selection of poems by the Chinese poet Yang Lian, translated by Mabel Lee (responsible for translating Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian’s novels Soul Mountain [2000] and One Man’s Bible [2002] into English).
Paul Allatson, Chair, PORTAL Editorial Committee
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Ulfa, Siti Maria, and Hendra Sudarso. "PEMANFAATAN DIGITAL LIBRARY LET’S READ SEBAGAI MATERI BAHAN AJAR BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK READING AND SPEAKING." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (May 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jaim.v3i2.880.
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AbstractThe breakthrough in Information Communication Technology (ICT) has brought new opportunities to restructure language learning. At present, ICT has opened new avenues and brought new challenges for language learners and also teachers. The responsibility of the learning task has shifted towards students and this has dramatically changed the role of the teacher. However, it should be noted that modern language teachers determine the quality of the learning process, not ICT itself. This paper tries to highlight the potential of ICT as a powerful tool for teaching foreign languages and the effect of this technology on second language learning. The community service program emphasizes the use of the Lets Read link as a forum to find teaching materials for Excellent Course teachers. Along with the development of technology as it is today, teachers must also be more flexible in finding teaching materials for their students, especially in learning English. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to know useful links that can be used in learning in their class.Keywords: Language Learning, ICT, Let’s Read Application AbstrakTerobosan Teknologi Komunikasi Informasi (TIK) telah membawa peluang baru untuk merestrukturisasi pengaturan pembelajaran / pengajaran bahasa. Saat ini, TIK telah membuka jalan baru dan membawa tantangan baru bagi pembelajar bahasa dan juga guru. Tanggung jawab tugas belajar telah bergeser ke arah peserta didik dan ini telah secara dramatis mengubah peran guru. Namun, perlu dicatat bahwa guru bahasa modern menentukan kualitas proses pembelajaran, dan bukan TIK. Makalah ini mencoba untuk menyoroti potensi TIK sebagai alat yang kuat untuk pengajaran bahasa asing dan efek dari teknologi ini pada pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Program pengabdian masyarakat menekankan pada pemanfaatan link Lets Read sebagai wadah pencarian bahan ajar bagi guru-guru LKP Excellent Course. Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi seperti sekarang ini, guru juga harus lebih luwes dalam mencari bahan ajar untuk siswanya kususnya dalam pembelajaran Bahas Inggris. Maka dari itu, perlu bagi guru-guru mengetahui link yang bermanfaat yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran dikelas mereka.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Bahasa, Telnologi Komunikasi dan Informasi,l Aplikasi Let’s Read
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Ridwan, Wachid. "Faktor Agama Dalam Hubungan Internasional." Jurnal Enersia Publika: Energi, Sosial, dan Administrasi Publik 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jep.v1i2.340.
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<span>Insiden yang terjadi di World Trade Center (WTC) tidak hanya membuat analisis<span> dunia dan pakar ekonomi berfikir soal kebangkrutan yang ditimbulkan, tetapi juga dunia,<span> pakar ilmu sosial dan politik terutama para ilmuan hubungan internasional yang mulai<span> meninjau factor-faktor yang mungkin terkait dengan hal-hal kemanusian. Teori hubungan<span> internasional memeriksa kembali secara mendalam untuk mencari jawaban dari peristiwa<span> yang terjadi 9/11. Mengingat masalah hutang dan tradisi hubungan internasional memang<span> selalu menjadi penyebab serta mengabaikan factor agama, sebagai perkembangan di dalam<span> pemikiran sekuler barat, tetapi sekarang mereka mulai melacak keyakinan terhadap manusia<span> sebagai factor yang dimiliki setiap manusia. Apa yang mengejutkan adalah bahwa, hanya satu<span> minggu dari peristiwa 9/11, presiden Bush menyampaikan sebuah pernyataan tentang perang<span> salib sebagai tanggapan terhadap peristiwa tersebut yang berarti Bush mengaitkan kejadian<span> itu dengan agama, dan semakin ada kemungkinan yang lebih buruk lagi apa yang Letnan<span> Jendral Willian Boykin Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat malahan banyak kali dalam<span> pernyataannya mengatakan bahwa agama islam adalah agama yang ekstrim. Urusan politik<span> dan internasional saat ini yang telah meningkatkan peran agama yang langsung berkorelasi<span> dengan meningkatnya keberadaan islam dan dunia muslim. Dari Tahun 1950an sampai<span> sekarang di seluruh dunia muslim dari Suriah, Somalia, Sudan, Mesir, Bosnia, Negeria,<span> Yordania, Iran, Turki, Afganistan, Pakistan, Chechnya, Irak dan Arab Saudi, islam sebagai<span> salah satu agama besar yang berpengaruh di dunia. Di garis politik global dan agama,<span> peningkatan sentiment agama begitu jelas. Bahkan, ada sebuah daftar panjang dimana sebuah<span> kebangkitan agama memainkan peran penting. Misalnya perang enam hari, revolusi Iran pada<span> 1978, yang melebihi modernism diteluk Persia dan menyeret turun doktrin Nixon dari<span> emerika di teluk Persia, dan pada saat yang sama secara dramatis merusak keseimbangan di<span> kawasan strategis. Contoh lain adalah gerakan melawan invasi Uni Soviet di Afganistan,<span> yang tidak hanya membuat kebutuhan Uni Soviet tetapi juga jadi mendorong proses<span> runtuhnya Uni Soviet, dan mengakhiri perang dingin. Sayangnya hal ini menjadi sala satu<span> penyebab kemunculan gerakan fundamentalis serangan ke markas oleh Al Qaeda, dan bom<span> itu meledak di dekat WTC. Ilmuwan yang setuju terhadap pandangan ini mengungkapkan<span> berbagai alas an mengapa agama bukanlah yang terlibat dari serangan tersebut. Pertama,<span> ilmuwan mulai pada penolokan agama dan berevolusi dari premis yang diadopsi oleh<span> pengetahuan sosial. Kedua, adalah barat sentris. Ketiga, studi hubungan internasional sangat<span> dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan perilaku pemikiran sekolah dan metodologi kualitatif.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>