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1
AlAshry, Miral-Sabry. "Arab journalists have no place: Authorities use digital surveillance to control investigative reporting." Communication & Society 37, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.37.1.61-77.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of digital surveillance by Arab authorities, who face risks and threats of surveillance, and how journalists seeking press freedom use tools and techniques to communicate securely, such as open source in journalism. These journalists share and rely heavily on an open-source data ideology. With novel methods and tools, they integrate a new set of actors, competencies, and technologies into journalistic practice, renegotiating and transcending professional boundaries. The methodology of the study was based on in-depth interviews from Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, and Tunisia with a selection of journalists exclusively publishing investigative stories at Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ) about corruption during COVID-19 and how journalists are controlled by authorities. In these interviews, journalists reflected on their professionalism amidst the pandemic and rising authoritarian control of journalistic work. The results of the study indicated that journalists in these countries faced many challenges, such as the difficulty of verifying data because authoritarian regimes published incomplete and inaccurate COVID-19 data and used digital surveillance to control news content. While (ARIJ) supported the investigative journalists by using open-source to publish their investigative stories and expose the Arab rulers, journalists from these countries also revealed severe censorship by their respective governments, an element inconsistent with the Arab constitution.
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Almabrouk, Khalil, and Hamedi Adnan. "The Role of Training on New Media Technology in Boosting Arab Investigative Journalists’ professionalism." Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing 7, no. 66 (April 2, 2024): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36571/ajsp662.
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The rapid development in the field of digital world has affected many disciplines. Media industry is one of the most affected fields. Hence, journalists need to cope with the ongoing technological evolution and its latest updates. Investigative journalists need to pay attention to this even more than their colleagues in the field. Investigative journalism has in general been remarkably growing in recent years; yet, it still faces significant challenges in the Arab world in terms of the right to access information and the use of open sources. This study focuses on Arab investigative journalism and particularly studies the importance of training on using digital technology and its effects on professionality and high-quality investigative journalistic production. From this standpoint, this study aims to explore the impact of training on new media techniques on Arab journalists' professionalism. To achieve this goal, this study followed a qualitative methodology through in-depth interviews with twelve Arab journalists who are practitioners and interested in investigative journalism. This study concluded important results about the positive effects of training on new media technology: Gaining more theoretical knowledge and practical skills to apply the acquired knowledge. This would enhance the efficiency of journalists and improve the quality of their work and their competitiveness in the journalistic work sector.
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Salman, Ghada Saeed, and Mehri Ebrahimi. "The Terminology Work of Arabicization and Dissemination of Arabicized Terms in the Arab Press from the Perspective of Arab Journalistic Translators." Lebende Sprachen 66, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2021-0012.
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Abstract The paper investigates Arab journalists and journalistic translators’ perceptions towards the terminology work of Arabicization, which is laboriously shouldered by Arabic Language Academies (ALAs) in the Arab region. The paper discusses the Arabic academy’s Arabicized terms’ popularity and dissemination in Arab press agencies and outlets, in addition to the linguistic and extralinguistic factors, which play a key role in disseminating these Arabicized terms among Arab journalists, journalistic translators, and news editors. So far, the ALAs have made hugely concerted efforts to Arabicize foreign terms, particularly scientific and technical terminology, particularly from English (ST) into Arabic (TT). However, there is a lack of circulation of the academy’s Arabicized terminologies among Arab journalists and translators in the Arab press. Therefore, Arab journalistic translators in several Arab news agencies and networks were approached as respondents of five semi-structured, detailed interviews to provide an insightful understanding of the case at hand. Accordingly, data were collected via in-depth interviews, and based on the interpretive content analysis of the interviews, the data were analyzed, described, and interpreted. The findings revealed that the ALA’s Arabicized terms are not well-received by Arab journalists and translators and, therefore, these terminologies are not frequently used in the translation of news in the Arab press. The respondents pointed out that the ALA’s Arabicized terms are sometimes difficult to understand because they are unfamiliar forms of Arabic.
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Høigilt, Jacob, and Kjetil Selvik. "Debating terrorism in a political transition: Journalism and democracy in Tunisia." International Communication Gazette 82, no. 7 (January 10, 2020): 664–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048519897519.
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In March 2015, in the midst of a political transition, Tunisia was rocked by a terrorist attack at the Bardo Museum in downtown Tunis in which 21 people were killed. How did Tunisian journalists manage the tension between a heightened sense of insecurity and the country’s uncertain democratic development? This article analyses journalistic commentary on the causes and implications of terrorism four years into the transition sparked by the Arab uprisings. It provides an empirically nuanced perspective on the role of journalism in political transitions, focusing on journalists as arbitrators in public debate. We argue that influential Tunisian journalists fell back on interpretive schema from the Ben Ali era when they tried to make sense of the Bardo attack, thus facilitating the authoritarian drift of the Tunisian government at the time. They actively contributed to the non-linearity of a political transition, despite enjoying real freedom of speech.
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El-Bendary, Mohamed. "Watching the war against Iraq through pan-Arab satellite TV." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.753.
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It was the first Gulf War in 1991 which led to the satellite television explosion in the Arab world. Arabs then knew about Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait through CNN. Today, Arab satellite channels reach almost every Arab capital and many Middle Eastern and African nations — from Mauritania on the Atlantic coast to Iran in the east, from Syria in the north to Djibouti in the south. This battle for the airwaves and boom in satellite channels in the Arab world has become both a tool for integration and dispersion. It is raising a glimpse of hope that the flow of information will no longer be pouring from the West to the East, but from the East to the West. Questions, however, remain about the credibility of news coverage by Arabic networks like the maverick Qatar-based al-Jazeera and whether Arab journalists adhere to journalistic norms upheld in the West.
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Nasr, Hussni, and Salim AlGhilani. "Factors Affecting the Commitment of Journalists in Gulf Newspapers to Professional Values: A Survey Study." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Social Sciences 13, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ss11993789.
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This study aims at identifying and analyzing the professional values of journalists working in the Gulf newspapers. The research methodology was the survey methodology and included a questionnaire, which was used to collect data from a representative sample of the target group of the study that account for 111 journalists in the GCC. The research concluded that the journalists in the Gulf States are professionally committed to their local audiences and communities. The findings showed no statistically significant differences in the journalistic professional values according to the variable of the country to which the journalists belong. This may be attributed to the fact that the Gulf Arab countries share similar economic, social, cultural, political and communication systems. The results showed fluctuating commitment to the values associated with dealing with breaking news on sudden events of public interest, information leaks and accepting gifts or rewards from corporations that they cover. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female journalists when it comes to their commitment to the professional values. Apart from the variable of the relationship with the corporation, the study found no statistically significant differences regarding the impact of other demographic and independent variables on the professional values regarding the Gulf journalists. Accordingly, the study recommends that Gulf media corporations should review their editorial policies to enhance the professional values of their journalists, establish clear regulations regarding utilizing leaked information and accepting gifts. Gulf journalists’ associations should commit to their responsibilities in establishing and following up executing professional charters that ensure the basic values of the journalism profession; besides issuing private professional charters by Gulf journalism corporations, to govern journalists working in newspapers and magazines they issue.
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Omar Safori, Amjad. "Journalist Use of Social Media: Guidelines for Media Organizations." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 54 (April 20, 2019): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.54.1061.1068.
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Basic journalistic tenets such as transparency, gatekeeping and objectivity were considered at risk due to the rise of use of social media by journalists and news media. Resultantly, large numbers of news agencies have started issuing provisions and guidelines for their staff to manage their social media use. This study explores the complex relationship of selected news organizations with given use of social media. The content analysis is applied on the guidelines for the use of social media obtained from 12 news organizations, and their link with basic journalism principles is explored. The key purpose of the current study is to provide insight for scholars and Arab media management to have better understanding of journalists use of social media and how these guidelines are implemented by various leading news agencies. Practically, the observations in the study are helpful for news organizations who are defining their provisions or rules for social media use by their journalists.
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Omar Safori, Amjad. "Journalist Use of Social Media: Guidelines for Media Organizations." Journal of Social Sciences Research, Special Issue 5 (December 15, 2018): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi5.772.779.
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Basic journalistic tenets such as transparency, gatekeeping and objectivity were considered at risk due to the rise of use of social media by journalists and news media. Resultantly, large numbers of news agencies have started issuing provisions and guidelines for their staff to manage their social media use. This study explores the complex relationship of selected news organizations with given use of social media. The content analysis is applied on the guidelines for the use of social media obtained from 12 news organizations, and their link with basic journalism principles is explored. The key purpose of the current study is to provide insight for scholars and Arab media management to have better understanding of journalists use of social media and how these guidelines are implemented by various leading news agencies. Practically, the observations in the study are helpful for news organizations who are defining their provisions or rules for social media use by their journalists.
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AşIk, Ozan. "Politics, power, and performativity in the newsroom: an ethnography of television journalism in Turkey." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 5 (September 14, 2018): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718799400.
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How do political divisions within the newsroom shape negotiations around news production? This article addresses this question by examining how Turkish journalists, in their discourse and practices, represent Kurds and Arabs when interpreting and discussing current events related to the Kurdish question and the Arab Spring. The study draws upon a year of ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews conducted in 2011 and 2012, in the newsrooms of two mainstream national television channels in Turkey. It reveals how journalists with opposing political beliefs perform their representational practices by continuously modifying them according to the opinions of managerial boards. In negotiations on the portrayal of Kurds and Arabs in news reports, journalists mask or modify ‘undesired’ aspects of their individual interpretations to fit them into a dominant news frame. However, they can also challenge that frame. Based upon the observation of such negotiations, this article advances a novel definition of journalistic performance as a purposeful, strategic, and staged form of symbolic communication: an essential tool for navigating ideological conflicts in the power structure of the newsroom.
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Mellor, Noha. "Arab Journalists as Cultural Intermediaries." International Journal of Press/Politics 13, no. 4 (June 13, 2008): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161208322873.
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Ha, Jae Sik. "Tailoring the Arab Spring to American values and interests: A framing analysis of U.S. elite newspapers’ opinion pieces." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 3 (January 17, 2017): 276–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048516689178.
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This study investigated the portrayal of the Arab Spring by conducting a qualitative framing analysis of editorials and columns in two elite U.S. newspapers: The New York Times and The Washington Post. Most opinion writers on the Arab Spring in the The New York Times and The Washington Post were either journalists from the news organizations themselves or ex-officials and scholars at various U.S. institutions. Thus, these papers reflected the viewpoints of political elites in portraying the Arab Spring. They largely advocated principles that accentuated the liberalism paradigm of international relations, such as democracy, international cooperation, and economic independence. These papers placed great emphasis on the possible impact of the Arab Spring on the U.S.’s continued deterrence of radical Islam and terrorism, but essentially none on the possible impact these events might have on the U.S.’s continued dependence on Middle East oil. The opinion journalism of U.S. elite papers is largely determined by journalists, ex-government officials, and scholars within the ʻmedia organizationalʼ and ʻsocial institutionalʼ levels, as well as American ideologies and interests on the ʻsocial systemʼ level.
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Valeriani, Augusto. "Pan-Arab Satellite Television and Arab National Information Systems: Journalists' Perspectives on a Complicated Relationship." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 3, no. 1 (2010): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398609x12584657078321.
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AbstractMedia scholarship has mostly focused on the regional and global dimension of the 'satellite revolution' in Arab news, insisting on concepts such as the 'pan-Arab public sphere' and 'media panarabism.' Taking Egypt as a case study, this article moves from a 'purely' pan-Arab perspective to a broader approach that examines the complex relationship between pan-Arab satellite news media and national media systems. Through a discussion of journalists' representations of their professional community, I investigate how far the coverage and practices of pan-Arab all-news broadcasters have blurred the borders of national media systems, creating new hybrid spaces. My findings show that both satellite broadcast journalists and national media journalists define themselves and their work practices in terms of mutual relationships. The idea of a hybrid space is, at least in the journalists' self-representations, in some way confirmed: a space encompassed by a transnational framework in which 'the national' still maintains its specificities. The article is based on multi-sited research and observation in the headquarters of Gulf-based pan-Arab satellite news media and in Egyptian newsrooms.
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Douai, Aziz, and Mohamed Ben Moussa. "The emerging ‘Alternative’ journalism paradigm: Arab journalists and online news." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr.9.2.165_1.
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Ensor, Patrick. "Iraq, the Pentagon and the battle for Arab hearts and minds." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.749.
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Two months after ‘liberating’ Iraq, the Anglo-American authorities in Baghdad decided to control the new and free Iraqi press. Newspapers that publish ‘wild stories’, material deemed provocative or capable of inciting ethnic violence, are being threatened or shut down. A controlled press is a ‘responsible press — just what Saddam Hussein used to say about the press his deposed regime produced. In this edition of Pacific Journalism Review, essays by media commentators present several perspectives on the war and its aftermath. Patrick Ensor gives an overview, Louise Matthews provides media context for the war, John Pilger challenges journalists, Mohamed Al-Bendary profiles the pan-Arab satellite boom, and Alastair Thompson and Russell Brown examine the New Zealand media connection. Cartoonists Steve Bell (The Guardian) and Deven (Le Mauricien) add their views. Critical of the ‘embedded’ media, Bell laments: ‘There’s never been a more dangerous time to be a journalist at war.’
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Almabrouk, Khalil, Hamedi Adnan, and Nor Zaliza Sarmiti. "Towards A Scientific Methodology for Arab Investigative Journalism: An in-depth Analysis of Interviews with Ten Arab Journalists." Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 1 (December 6, 2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6376.
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This study aimed to build an applied model on the methodology of investigative journalism in the Arab world. To achieve this goal, this study followed the methodology of in-depth analysis of interviews via e-mail with ten Arab journalists interested in investigative journalism, whether those who practiced investigative reporting or received training in this field. This study is significant because it draws the attention of researchers and academics to the need for adopting a scientific methodology for investigative journalism. In addition, it could be turned into a part of a broader research track to develop Arab investigative journalism methodology. Based on the analysis of the interviewees’ answers, these steps can be listed as follows: Finding an original idea, writing the hypothesis, preparing a solid systematic action plan to prove the hypothesis of the investigation, conducting field work, producing the investigative report whether written or televised, and finally publishing the report.
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Høiby, Marte, and Mariateresa Garrido V. "Reconsidering Journalist Safety Training." Media and Communication 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i1.2525.
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Safety training courses and manuals are designed to provide journalists with guidance to assess and mitigate risk. In this article, we ask whether content of such training and guidance is informed by actual threats and risks relevant to journalists working in the field. Departing from our own previous research about threats and dangers faced by journalists working in conflict zones or covering dangerous beats, and a review of the literature addressing the issue of safety manuals for journalists, we evaluate the content of five safety-training documents. Of these, two are descriptions of internationally-focused safety courses, two are safety manuals produced for a national audience, and one is a handbook focusing specifically on safety for women reporters in the Arab region. The purpose is to identify various aspects of safety addressed in training and manuals offered to locally and internationally-deployed journalists—and illuminate how they may differ in focus and approach. Through a comparison of the content of the selected manuals and course descriptions, we conclude that these trainings and manuals to some extent address specific variations in context, but that detailed attention towards gender differences in risk and other personal characteristics are not given equivalent weight. The international training focuses excessively on physical environment issues (such as those of a ‘hostile environment’), while the manuals with national or regional focus are practice-oriented and largely take a journalistic point of departure. We argue that training and manuals can benefit from considering both these aspects for risk assessment, but recommend that addressing journalistic practice and personal resources is fundamental to all journalist safety training since it is at the personal, practical, and media organisational levels that the mitigation encouraged by these trainings can happen.
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Bagdouri, Mossaab. "Journalists and Twitter: A Multidimensional Quantitative Description of Usage Patterns." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14742.
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We conduct a large scale quantitative comparison of the usage pattern of a microblogging service by journalists, news organizations, and news consumers. Through two statistical tests of eighteen numerical features over 5,000 news producers and 1 million news consumers, we find that Arab journalists and English news organizations tend to broadcast their tweets to a large audience; that English journalists adopt a strategy of targeted and engaging communication; that journalists are more distinguishable in the Arab world than in the European English speaking countries; that print and radio journalists have a very dissimilar behavior while the television ones share some characteristics with each of them; and that British and Irish journalists are similar to a large extent. This paper is the first to provide a multidimensional bird's-eye view on the usage pattern of journalists over Twitter.
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Miladi, Noureddine. "Arab women journalists dismantling the stereotypes." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr.3.3.145_2.
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Samir El-Falaky, May. "Murder in the Consulate: The Grammar of Transitivity in the Headlines of News Reports about Jamal Khashoggi." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.11.
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The present study explicates the nature of the lexicogrammatical choices made in journalistic discourse about the death of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. The case is internationally represented in the mostly circulated newspapers. The online versions of the four newspapers Arab News (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Hürreyat Daily News (Turkey), New York Times (United States of America) and Tehran Times (Iran) are selected for the study. Proceeding within the framework of the transitivity system, the paper intends to expound how the four newspapers express the stances and viewpoints about the case. The analysis positions the newspapers writing technique within an ideological bifurcation of the legitimized US and the delegitimized THEM. The use of the transitivity system as an approach for analysis of the headlines unveils how journalists’ attitudes steer readers toward the opinions preferred by the national policies of their countries.
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O'Rourke, Susan. "Teaching journalism in Oman: Reflections after the Arab Spring." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.354.
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Between 2005–2011, the New Zealand Tertiary Education Consortium (NZTEC) was contracted to the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in the Sultanate of Oman. This long-term, long-distance off-shore education contract committed four New Zealand universities to providing degrees in four discipline areas (as well as English language support) within the Omani Colleges of Applied Science. As part of this process, AUT University’s Bachelor of Communication Studies was redeveloped for delivery in Oman. This case study will focus on the Journalism major and in particular the nature of the courses within this major, the difficulties encountered in re-developing them and the challenge of delivering them under these particular circumstances in this particular time frame. The wider picture of the type of journalism practised in Oman; what is expected of—or indeed possible for― journalists in that society; and journalism as a force for democracy in Arab countries will also be briefly discussed.
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Bou Zeid, Maria, and Jessica R. El-Khoury. "Challenges of Media Ethics Education in Lebanon in the Midst of Political and Economic Pressure." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 75, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819895681.
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The Lebanese media sector has played a pioneering role in the Arab world due to its free and diverse system. However, the lack of professional and ethical structures in journalistic practices can be attributed to political and economic pressures. Through both a quantitative and qualitative methodology, this study contributes to the complex boundaries of the Lebanese media landscape that make the gap between media ethics education and real-world pressures in need of sustained analysis. This research aims to explore the challenges media ethics education in Lebanon faces, along with the perceptions formed by media students about journalistic practices and the application of moral reasoning in the field. In addition, the study investigates whether media ethics courses prepare students for settling moral dilemmas in the professional arena. To address the multiple factors affecting ethics education, it is significant to understand the relationship between journalists and power, democratic norms, technological change, global community, and academic critiques. Survey and focus groups results indicated that the majority of students rated moral reasoning as important for their future media professions, and that the media ethics course prepares them for professional life. On the other hand, the majority believe that the corrupt system in Lebanon makes journalists resort to unethical practices which in turn compromise journalists’ credibility and integrity. Students consider that journalists have power as the so-called fourth estate, yet that power seems minimal when journalists lack the freedom to write facts without fear from editors and/or gatekeepers’ political views, economic pressure, and on-the-job demands, placing journalistic integrity again at stake.
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Ibrahim, Ezzat. "Congressional Endeavor: The Nexus of Political Powers." PS: Political Science & Politics 37, no. 4 (October 2004): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096504045445.
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The APSA Congressional Fellowship is quite a new program in the Middle East. Thanks to a recent partnership between the American Political Science Association and the Fulbright Commission researchers and journalists from different parts of the world have the chance to participate in the distinguished program. Given the fact that such programs are not well known outside the academic field, the Fulbright Commission in Cairo took the initiative to invite more people from different fields. As a journalist working for a leading newspaper in the Arab World, Al-Ahram, the experience of a 10-month focus on the U.S. Congress has thrilled me because the basic knowledge of the U.S. legislative body in the Arab world has been either inaccurate or insufficient.
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Darwish, Adel. "The hydra grows another head." Index on Censorship 21, no. 6 (June 1992): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209202100614.
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Bahfen, Nasya, and Alexandra Wake. "Media diversity rules: Analysing the talent chosen by student radio journalists covering Islam." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.353.
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The ethnic composition of the Australian population, coupled with the pursuit of a multicultural society at the official level (Ho, 1990) emphasises the nature of the audience for Australia’s media—an audience that is ethnically, culturally and religiously diverse. Yet the content and coverage of the mainstream media does not reflect that diversity particularly in relation to Arabs and Muslims. There are few guidelines for journalism professionals and despite attempts to increase the number of journalists from Muslim or Arab backgrounds in mainstream newsrooms there appears to have been no major paradigm shifts in the way newsrooms cover stories related to Islam. Journalism students at a university in Melbourne completed two newsroom production sessions for one of the city’s major community radio stations, as part of their assessment in a semester-long subject. The researchers examined the students’ choices of interviewee and coded all bulletins produced over a six week broadcast period in 2010. The data will be used to formulate a baseline for the future study of the diversity of talent used by journalism students in the subject, and to see what lessons may be contained for journalism educators, in the breakdown of stories chosen by students and the composition of interviewees contacted by the students.
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Abdel-Hafiz, Ahmed-Sokarno. "Problems in Translating English Journalistic Texts into Arabic: Examples from the Arabic Version of Newsweek." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.3.1.6.
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This paper investigates the problems encountered in the translation of English journalistic texts into Standard Arabic (henceforth SA). The analysis presented in this study clearly shows that the most common problems in journalistic translation are attributed to: (a) the inappropriate selection of the equivalent TL word or expression, (b) the inability to observe the syntactic and stylistic differences between the SL and the TL and (c) the translated text may contain violations of some TL rules. By drawing the attention of translators to the translational problems that await them, we can immensely enhance the quality of the output text. There is another reason for our interest in the translation of journalistic texts: translation is regarded by purists " as a bigger menace to the purity of Arabic language than that of the Colloquial dialects." (Abdelfattah 1996:134); for instance, journalistic translation may pave the way for foreign-language influence on SA in "the domain of syntax, style, and lexicon" (Abdelfattah 1996:134). Thus most of the changes that occur in the style and structure of Arabic occur through the Arab journalists who are familiar with European languages, especially English and through the Arab translators who render English journalistic texts into Arabic. As Holes (1995:255) puts it, Today, more than ever, it is in the language of the press, Television and radio that external influences on Arabic are most obvious, and constant exposure to this 'media MSA' seems to be having reaching effects on the vocabulary, grammar and phraseology of the Arabic used by educated Arabs in many other contexts written or spoken . .
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KARATAŞ, İbrahim. "Suudi Medyasının Cemal Kaşıkçı Cinayetini Veriş Şekli: Arab News Gazetesi Örneği." İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.840718.
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Evidences show that Saudi agents killed prominent journalist Jamal Khashoggi in Saudi Arabia’s Istanbul consulate on October 2, 2018. As the Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman was blamed for the murder, Arab News newspaper took a defensive position to defend the crown prince and the Saudi regime through news reports and columns. This study has analyzed 36 articles of ten columnists of Arab News to learn how Saudi journalists defended their regime and the Saudi officials charged for the murder. This research indicates that they received the concerning statements of the Saudi regime as true and tried to justify them in their columns. On the other hand, columnists blamed Turkey, Qatar, and other critics for clamping down Saudi Arabia. When columnists’ attitudes are examined, it can be seen that they look furious, closed to opposite views, and biased. Their columns also give some idea about the press freedom in Saudi Arabia. This study is expected to reveal how media operates in Saudi Arabia via the content analysis of columns of Arab News regarding Khashoggi’s murder.
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Pintak, Lawrence. "Border guards of the "Imagined" Watan: Arab Journalists and the New Arab Consciousness." Middle East Journal 63, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/63.2.11.
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Al-Kindi, Abdullah K., and Bader S. Al-Syabi. "Journalists’ attitudes towards journalism regulations in the Arab world: Oman as a case study." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr.9.2.143_1.
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Karčić, Harun. "Shariah after the Arab Spring?" Philosophy & Social Criticism 40, no. 4-5 (March 7, 2014): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453714526403.
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Ever since the Arab Spring revolutions started, numerous journalists, academics and Middle East experts have been appearing on news channels, websites and radio talk shows warning of an impending and inevitable Islamist takeover should free elections be held in the post-Arab Spring Middle East. Their winning of free elections would almost certainly be followed with the implementation of the strictest interpretations of shariah. Was it so? The aim of this article is to answer the following question: Did the ‘Arab Spring’ pave the way for shariah-based constitutions? At the time of this writing (mid-2013) certain reversals of the Arab Spring are obviously taking place, hence this article is restricted to the immediate post-Arab Spring period.
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Hasanain, Maram, Mossaab Bagdouri, Tamer Elsayed, and Douglas Oard. "What Questions Do Journalists Ask on Twitter?" Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i2.14846.
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Social media platforms are a major source of information for both the general public and for journalists. Journalists use Twitter and other social media services to gather story ideas, to find eyewitnesses, and for a wide range of other purposes. One way in which journalists use Twitter is to ask questions. This paper reports on an empirical investigation of questions asked by Arab journalists on Twitter. The analysis begins with the development of an ontology of question types, proceeds to human annotation of training and test data, and concludes by reporting the level of accuracy that can be achieved with automated classification techniques. The results show good classifier effectiveness for high prevalence question types, but that obtaining sufficient training data for lower prevalence question types can be challenging.
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Cass, Philip. "The ghost of Felix Culpa: Adventures in the journalism education trade." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i2.58.
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What is the most effective way to teach the realities of journalism to students? This article argues that the most effective model is the community newspaper, which provides students with the opportunity to learn how to write for their own community, but also to learn the fundamentals of running a news outlet, from selling advertising to liaising with printers. It also argues that the same lessons can be applied in the digital age to online news sites and to students who need to know how to keep themselves afloat as independent journalists. Drawing on 20 years’ of experience teaching journalism in different countries, including Australia, Fiji and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the article looks at what worked, what did not and what lessons can be learned for the future.
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KIRAT, MOHAMED. "A profile of women journalists in the United Arab Emirates." Journal of International Communication 10, no. 1 (June 2004): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2004.9751964.
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Abdelwahab Allali, Mohamed. "The Communicative Interpretation for Arab Social Mobility (Arab Social Movement)." Postmodernism Problems 12, no. 3 (December 5, 2022): 355–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46324/pmp2203355.
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The study aims to analyze the social mobility in the Arab countries in 2011, presenting an approach based on considering communication factors that played a crucial role in motivating young people and the Arab masses to participate and influence what was known as the Arab Spring. Indeed, that stage in the history of the media in Arab countries witnessed wide development in the use of satellite channels, websites, and smartphones. As the study shows, these technologies were employed as mechanisms that helped people interact, move, and participate. Based on the paradigm for the knowledge pyramid scheme, the study attempted to highlight the stages of information transmission from the first stage, which is the data stage, through the information stage, then the third stage, which is the knowledge stage, towards the final stage, which is the action stage. The study analyzes that overcoming the gradual stages of information transmission and passing from raw information to action led to the existence of the Arab social movement in the hands of activists who did not have a program or strategy for change in front of a movement that was able to overthrow old political regimes, but it did not have alternatives. As part of the analysis track, the study depends on a careful analysis of the roles of active groups in change. It pertains to the role of politicians, intellectuals, activists, and journalists.
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Abed Khalaf Aleessawi, Najm. "Using the Digital Platforms by Journalists of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in Promoting Common Human Values." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 5 (December 29, 2022): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i5.3494.
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Digital platforms had been employed during the ideological, economic, and security conflicts in different world areas with different goals. Sometimes they caused big disputes among individuals and societies, and violated the system of values, through bad posts and publishes this article aimed to find out how journalists use digital content in entrenching common human values, using the descriptive approach, and a questionnaire distributed (during January 2021) to simple random sample included (1568) journalists from Arab middle east and North Africa(MENA). The most important results were; the most digital platforms and applications that adopted by Journalists were facebook in high the rank (mean=4.48), Instagram(mean=4.22), and WhatsApp in the middle rank (3.16). With high rank, the journalists worked through digital media to promote the values of love(mean=4.58) and peace and to promote the spirit of brotherhood in one society(mean=4.57). They used most of the mechanisms of social media to promote highly the values of love and peace; Participation in dialogues and comments on social networks (mean=4.45), and Share publications that call for love and peace(mean=4.36), but it had been displayed that journalists use rarely the films and documentaries(mean=1.65).
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Shishkina, Alisa R. "Gender and Demographic Aspects of the Arab Spring Protests: Youth Bulges, Women’s Participation and the Role of Internet." Asia and Africa today, no. 7 (December 15, 2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750031389-9.
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This article is aimed at studying the inclusion of women in the processes of political participation using the example of the Arab Spring protests. New information technologies and, in particular, social media allowed women to participate in the Arab Spring demonstrations as organizers, activists and journalists. Due to the fact that men in the region in question tend to dominate the traditional media space, cyber activism has allowed women to express themselves both within a specific country and on an international scale. The author comes to the conclusion that the inclusion of women in protest mobilization is reasonable to consider in the context of general demographic trends in the countries under consideration. In this case, we are talking primarily about the phenomenon of youth bulges in some Arab countries, a noticeable proportion of unmarried men, which may be one of the causes of increased destabilization in Arab countries, as well as the intensive spread of Internet communication tools which became the hallmark of the Arab Spring cohort.
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B. Darwish, Elsayed. "What Business Model is Suitable for Online Arab Newspapers? Journalists’ Perspectives." المجلة العربیة لبحوث الاعلام والاتصال 2022, no. 37 (June 1, 2022): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jkom.2022.253093.
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Toth, James. "Egypt's 2011 Uprising, Islamism, and the Unpopularity of Being Popular." Review of Middle East Studies 55, no. 2 (December 2021): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2022.12.
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Descriptions and analyses of the 2011 “Arab Spring” uprisings constitute a veritable cottage industry for journalists, academics, and think-tank consultants. The three books under review here join an ever-expanding library that documents and interprets those crucial events in December 2010 and January 2011, that so passionately raised our hopes only to later so bitterly crush them.
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Amin, Hussein. "Freedom as a Value in Arab Media: Perceptions and Attitudes Among Journalists." Political Communication 19, no. 2 (April 2002): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584600252907407.
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Matthews, Julian, and Maiya Al Habsi. "Addressing a region? The Arab imagined audience and newsworthiness in the production of Al Jazeera Arabic." International Communication Gazette 80, no. 8 (February 13, 2018): 746–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518755210.
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Based on a production study of Al Jazeera Arabic, this article examines news professionals’ visualisation of the Arab news audience and its importance for their ideas about newsworthiness and an ideal news agenda. In applying the concept of the imagined audience to Al Jazeera, it uncovers a view of Arab news consumers as constructed as (i) heterogeneous in character and origin and as sharing (ii) a ‘mindset’ and an experience of (iii) voicelessness. Further, it shows that these understandings help to grasp the specifics of journalists’ news-making practices, including their efforts to prioritize potential stories for an ideal news agenda that demonstrate relevance for, or interest to, these imagined news consumers in addition to those stories that address their perceived ‘powerlessness’ in the Arab region. The article concludes that these ideas mark clear boundaries around the countries and the issues that Al Jazzera seeks to report on.
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Ahmed, Saifuddin, and Kokil Jaidka. "Protests against #delhigangrape on Twitter: Analyzing India’s Arab Spring." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 5, no. 1 (November 20, 2013): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i1.197.
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This study offers a comprehensive approach towards analyzing and explaining the role of Twitter in shaping and facilitating social movements especially during protests. It presents automatic and manual analyses of the tweet themes, usage characteristics and major Twitter users during a public outcry against a gangrape incident in Delhi, the capital city of India. Our results identified Twitter as an important channel for the diffusion of ideas and news among a vast set of adopters in defiance of geographical boundaries. Results of the content analyses highlight the prominent use of social media resources in disseminating information on Twitter, and the remarkable role of Twitter users as citizen journalists during the days of the protest. Results of the social network analysis suggest that major role players on Twitter were the offline protest leaders.
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Aisyah, May Fadha, Al Khanif, and Gautama Budi Arundhati. "Tanggung Jawab Negara Turkiye Terhadap Kasus Jamal Khashoggi Menurut Hukum Internasional." Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j.kk.v3i2.42106.
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Abstrak:Pembunuhan terhadap jurnalis Jamal Khashoggi berada di gedung Konsulat Arab Saudi di Istanbul Turkiye yang mana menimbulkan kompleksitas terhadap penerapan yurisdiksi. Hubungan internasional telah menjadi salah satu aspek paling penting dari hubungan internasional, terutama melalui Konvensi Wina 1961 tentang Hubungan Diplomatik. Menurut fakta, kasus itu muncul sebagai akibat dari pelanggaran HAM terhadap jurnalis, pelaku yang merupakan tangan kanan kerajaan Arab Saudi, yang mencari impunitas dan kedaulatan hukum di hadapan keinginan untuk mendestabilisasi negara. Situasi saat ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran organisasi internasional dan pemerintah adalah faktor penting dalam penyelidikan yang sedang berlangsung atas kematian Jamal Khashoggi untuk mendapatkan keadilan melalui sistem peradilan sesuai dengan Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act 2001. Penelitian ini mencoba mencari solusi yang solutif terkait perlindungan HAM jurnalistik di kancah internasional dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menemukan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi di dalam hukum internasional. Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut diantaranya, terkait penyelesaian kasus tersebut hingga saat ini dan mengetahui penerapan prinsip yurisdiksi negara dalam pembunuhan Khashoggi. Dengan menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut, peneliti menawarkan bahwa penerapan prinsip yurisdiksi negara berdasarkan hukum internasional adalah prinsip yurisdiksi teritorial dan nasionalitas mengacu pada Arab Saudi. Namun tidak sepenuhnya dapat diberlakukan karena adanya suatu pelanggaran. Salah satu bentuk upaya tersebut mencakup investigasi terinci, pengusutan pelaku kejahatan, dan kerja sama internasional dengan melibatkan pihak netral atau mediator yang dapat dijadikan sebagai regulasi tambahan antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat.Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab Negara; Yurisdiksi; Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Jurnalis
Abstract: The murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi was at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul, Turkey, which posed a complexity in the application of jurisdiction. International relations have become one of the most important aspects of international relations, through the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. According to the facts, the case emerged as a result of human rights violations against journalists, perpetrators of which were the right hand of the Saudi kingdom, who sought impunity and rule of law in the face of the desire to destabilize the country. The current situation shows that the presence of international organizations and governments is an important factor in the ongoing investigation into Jamal Khashoggi's death to get justice through the justice system in accordance with the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act 2001. This study is trying to find a solution to the protection of human rights of journalism in the international arena by using normative jurisprudence research, this study finds the problems faced in international law. Among these issues are the settlement of the case to date and the application of the principle of state jurisdiction in the assassination of Khashoggi. By solving the problem, the researchers suggest that the application of the principle of state jurisdiction based on international law is the principles of territorial and nationality referring to Saudi Arabia. However, it is not fully enforceable because of a violation. One form of such efforts involves detailed investigations, the arrest of perpetrators, and international cooperation involving neutral parties or mediators that can serve as additional regulations between the parties involved.Keywords: State Responsibility; Jurisprudence; Protecting the Rights of Journalists
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Vasiliev, Aleksey, and Natalia Zherlitsina. "Evolution of the Media in North Africa Countries After the Crisis of the Arab Spring." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(1).81-95.
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The subject of the study in this article is the changes that occur in the media and related information and communication technologies in the countries of North Africa after the crisis of the Arab Spring. The media played the vital role in political revolutions and transformations, they informed people of opinions of the activists, criticism of the power, contributed to establishing communication between the activists and ordinary citizens, united protests at the local level to turn them into a strong national movement. The revolutionary changes in the Arab world that began in 2011 brought hope for a more open public sphere. Yet, after 6 years, the results of this process do not seem to be unambiguous. On the way of development of traditional media there are still many obstacles. Among them in most Arab countries, there are numerous social and political taboos, propaganda serving the political power, self-censorship of journalists, their prosecution from the authorities. Theoretical and methodological basis for the article were such methods as comparative method, which allows on the basis of comparison of the situation in different countries of North Africa to identify the typological features of the Arab model of the information society; critical discourse analysis, with the help of which it becomes possible to comprehend information policy in different Arab countries. The relevance and novelty of this research is due to the important role played by the media in modern international politics. The author concludes that the Arab countries have yet to find a balance between the state information policy and the democratic potential of free media.
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Saidin, Mohd Irwan Syazli. "The Arab Spring Through Malaysian Youth ‘Eyes’: Knowledge, Perceptions and Influences." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0012.
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AbstractThis paper examines the attitude of Malaysian youth towards the ‘Arab Spring’ events in the Middle East and North Africa. In particular, it explores the knowledge and perceptions of a selected young generation in Malaysia towards the ‘Arab Spring’ as well as considering how the events influence their attitudes towards regime change, democracy and political stability. The major involvement of Malaysian youth in a series of mass protests (“BERSIH”) against the ruling government, were perceived by numerous local and foreign journalists as an attempt to create a “Malaysian Spring”. However, there have been strong opinions voiced by the Malaysian authorities suggesting that there was no basis for presuming an ‘Arab Spring’ impact in the context of the Malaysian experience. This raises the question of the relationship between the ‘Arab Spring’ and Malaysian youth. In so doing, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied through a questionnaire based-survey involving 607 respondents as well as 10 in-depth interviews with selected Malaysian youth leaders. The outcome of this research shows that a number of youth believing that they were inspired by the acts of mass street protests during the ‘Arab Spring’. However, the fear of political instability which is currently evident in the post-Arab Spring led to some respondents favouring political stability rather than regime change. Overall, this empirical research found that the majority of Malaysian youth are supportive of a free and democratic election as a relevant medium for political change, rather than overthrowing the current regime via civil disobedience.
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Faris, David. "Multiplicities of Purpose: The Auditorium Building, the State, and the Transformation of Arab Digital Media." International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743815000082.
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Digital media played a key role in a number of uprisings that later became known as the Arab Spring. Now that this moment of resistance has largely given way to a tumultuous and unsettled regional order, we can ask what role these media forms are playing in the new ecology of the postuprisings Middle East. I would argue that we are witnessing a period of experimentation—journalists are attempting to generate both revenue and dissent under circumstances that range from unsettled (Tunisia) to increasingly repressive (Jordan), while proto-state actors and transnational jihadis are exploiting social media to attract supporters and influence diverse audiences. What is clear is that in many states the digital arrangement that characterized the 2000s—activist bloggers squaring off openly with recalcitrant and often clueless states—is gone. States are now more aware of and careful about the strategies they employ vis-à-vis digital dissent. In places such as Egypt, some of the most vocal activists are in prison. In Jordan, they have returned to producing journalism that skirts the line between tolerated and forbidden. Across the region digital media activists are grappling with disillusionment about the trajectory of the Arab Spring, while digital spaces are sites for transnational contestation, including by the most successful challenger to the state system since Jamal ʿAbd al-Nasir in the 1950s, the Islamic State (IS). ʿAbd al-Nasir famously used radio to breach the information firewalls erected by new Arab states. IS has similarly employed the technologies of the day to execute a plan of even greater ambition and reach—far from reaching out only across national boundaries within the subsystem, IS militants have crafted a transnational media operation of remarkable scope, one that has drawn tens of thousands of recruits not only from the Middle East but also from Europe, the United States, and Asia.
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Majli, Noor Majeed, and Mehdi Al Ghazali. "Grammatical Cohesion in English and Arabic Business Texts: A Contrastive Discoursal Analysis." Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2024): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jpda.2024.3.1.2.
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The current study centres around uncovering the functions and types of grammatical cohesion in structuring business texts in English and Arabic newspapers. Unequivocally, it aims to unravel the possible similarities and differences in the English and Arab journalistic registers in terms of grammatical cohesion. Moreover, the study is built on two hypotheses. First, there are differences in the frequencies of grammatical cohesive tools manipulated by English and Arabic writers. Unlike their Arabic counterparts, the English articles tend to involve more realizations of grammatical cohesive patterns. Second, both English and Arabic journalists exhibit a general tendency to take advantage of the same types of grammatical cohesion in their business articles. Ten articles have been selected from The Guardian and Ashareq Al-Awsat newspaper websites as data for analysis. Five articles have been picked from each newspaper. Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) model of grammatical cohesion has been applied to the selected articles in both languages. The results show that reference and conjunction exist profoundly in the two newspapers. On the contrary, substitution and ellipsis have almost disappeared in both corpora.
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Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: Manipulation that we now take for granted." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i2.275.
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It cannot have been a coincidence that the bombs and missiles that rained down on Baghdad at the beginning of the American invasion of Iraq on 20 March 2003 fell just where the world’s television cameras could capture the resulting explosions. President Bush had promised shock and awe and there it was, carefully designed to look as spectacular as possible for the journalists beaming pictures and descriptions from the Palestine Hotel. It was a deliberate piece of media manipulation intended to remind the Arab states, Pakistan and Afghanistan, of American military might.
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Kaye-Essien, Charles Wharton, and Mai Ismail. "Leadership, gender and the Arab media: a perception study of female journalists in Egypt." Feminist Media Studies 20, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1546212.
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Koshkin, Pavel. "The 2021 Middle East agenda of U.S. media." Russia and America in the 21st Century, Спецвыпуск (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760018173-7.
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The escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict has been testing the Biden administration since May 2021, with exposing the current Middle East agenda of U.S. media and its impact on Biden’s and democrats’ reputation. Despite the fact that the press has a certain, if restricted, influence on politics, intuitively, journalists come up with understanding of public opinion on Biden. This article deals with the problem of the U.S. president’s publicity through the lens of the current media discourse, with author relying on the descriptive method, discourse analysis and content analysis of materials in American mainstream media such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall-Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, Politico, Newsweek and Time. In conclusion, the author assumes that – alongside with the problems of inflation, economic crisis and the pandemic – the coverage of the recent Arab-Israeli escalation in the U.S. press has an additional negative impact on Biden’s reputation and his odds of winning the 2024 future election.
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Thawabteh, Mohammad Ahmad. "The nomenclature of storms in Arabic." Translation Spaces 6, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.04tha.
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Abstract This article deals with the naming of ecology-related objects in Arabic, as illustrated in the naming of the snowstorms “Storm Huda”, “Storm Jana” and “Storm Zina” which whipped through the Middle East countries on January 6 and February 19, 2015 respectively. The article analyses a corpus of headlines taken from four online newspapers and one news agency, examines the strong connotative values of the snowstorm names, and discusses their relations to translation. The findings of the study show a consensus amongst journalists and meteorologists in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia to avoid Arabicisation and opt instead for a full adaptation of foreign storm names in line with the poetics of the receiving culture, one seemingly infused with several echoes from Arab-Islamic culture and particularly the Qur’an. The meticulous care in their choice of words is fully compatible with the perceived target language (TL) audience belonging to Arab-Islamic culture, one with little affinity to English culture.
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Eberwein, Tobias, and Colin Porlezza. "The Missing Link: Online Media Accountability Practices and Their Implications for European Media Policy." Journal of Information Policy 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 421–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.4.2014.421.
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Abstract Can online media criticism form a robust basis for media accountability? The authors report that the perceived impact of such criticism illustrates notable national differences. Based on a survey of journalists from twelve European and two Arab countries, they find online participatory accountability models to be least influential in countries with well-developed media accountability practices, and most valued in countries without a long tradition of media self-regulation. However, they find that the former are gradually losing control of such practices, and suggest that the practices be institutionalized under the form of “regulated self-regulation” to provide a clear framework.