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1
Milah, Aang Saeful. "QÎMAH KITÂB SIBAWAIH WA JUHÛD AL-LUGHAWIYYÎN AL-‘ARAB AL-MU’ÂSHIRÎN." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v6i2.10611.
Full textAbstract:
There are some reasons that appeal me to do research on contemporary linguists’ contributions to Sībawaih’s al-Kitâb. As a pioneer on Arabic linguistics book, al-Kitâb has been the starting point for the classic linguists to study linguistics phenomena. And so are the contemporary linguists. For the later, they place the book in the first raw of references, be it by taking instant benefits from the fundamentals it contains or by keen reading on it. In fact, some efforts conducted by the linguists after Sībawaih can be regarded to as attempts to comprehend his theories, as well as to explain aspects which are still ambiguous to some others. This is what can be understood from the abundance varieties of works produced by later linguists: they criticize the book; they give commentaries, they give preliminary fundaments on further readings on it; they study on the theories; they explain the sources; and they trigger to study the construct of Sībawaih’s thoughts. From these various studies, even if they refer to the same book (al-Kitâb), it can be grasped that the linguist do not meet an agreement one and others in comprehending Sībawaih’s words. In this piece of paper, I try to describe what contemporary linguists do with the al-Kitāb, and how the link it to their theories. After all, this can be regarded as their contributions to the book in developing linguistics theories in a wider context.
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Milah, Aang Saeful. "Al-Kalimat fî Al-‘Arabiyyat ‘inda Al-Nuhât Al-Mutaqaddimîn wa Al-Mutaakhkhirîn wa Al-Mu’aṣṣirîn (Dirâsat Al-Muqâranat)." Alfaz (Arabic Literatures for Academic Zealots) 7, no. 01 (May 31, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alfaz.vol7.iss01.1934.
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When the Arabs set grammar, the Syriac linguists preceded them several centuries in establishing rules towards them. Perhaps one issue is the one taken by the Arab linguists on Syriac, but the issue of dividing the word into three sections only: name, action, and character. The advanced Arab grammarians handed over this issue from the first day, and do not argue with it. Those who denied this issue and corrected the mistake are the modern European linguists who began to set rules for their languages after the Arabs for hundreds of years. For example, in French, divide the word into nine sections. The researcher tries to present this research from three centuries and is the advanced and the late and contemporaries. The researcher begins with the concept of the word and then divides it into the Arabic linguists.
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Abdus Salam, Abdul Ghani Abimbula, and Tsalis Abdul Karim. "علم الدلالة في التراث اللغوي العربي النيجيري بين الأصالة والحداثة ‘ILM AD-DALALAH FI AT-TURATS AL-LUGHAWI AL-‘ARABI AN-NIGERI BAINA AL-ASHALAH WA AL-HADATSAH." EL HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) 21, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v21i1.5933.
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<p>علم الدلالة يهتم بدراسة معاني المفردات اللغوية، وله أهمية ٌقصوى في مجال صناعة المعاجم اللغوية والترجمة والتعريب، ودراسة الصوتيات وبنية الكلمات واشتقاقاتها، وكل ما هو من شأنه عناية بأساليب تراكيب اللغة البشرية، ودراية ما تكنه ألفاظها من أسرار دلالية، لمواكبة مستجدات الحضارة الإنسانية. وعليه تتقصى هذه المقالة خطوات سلفنا من العلماء والدارسين وجهودهم المبذولة تجاه علم الدلالة في التراث العربي النيجيري، لمعرفة قيمه اللغوية فيما بين الأصالة والحداثة. وذلك تأكيدا للجيل الناشئ من أن علمائنا اللغويين في هذا الوطن قد خلفوا لنا تراثا لغويا عربيا نيجيريا في علم الدلالة الأصيل.</p><p><br /><em>The significance of linguistics concerns with lexicography, translation and arabization, including the study of Phonology, the structure of words and its derivatives. All of them minds the methods of human language structures enhancing tangible pace of development in human civilization. This article explores the steps taken by our scholars and their efforts towards the Semantics of the Arab-Nigerian heritage, in order to discover its linguistic values between originality and modernity. This is an affirmation to the younger generation that the linguists have left Arab-Arabic heritage in the original Semantics. This article tries to examine the presence of Semantics in the Arab-Nigerian heritage, between its old and modern concept through the efforts of Nigerian linguists in Semantics. It deals with the concept of significance in Arab heritage, and the presentation of Linguistics on the ancient Arabic and modern linguists, exploring the efforts of local scholars in the Semantics of Arab-Nigerian heritage.</em></p>
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Pransiska, Toni. "ابن جنى وجهوده اللغوية في الخصائص: دراسة وصفية تحليلية." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 17, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v17i1.744.
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Abstrak
Ibnu Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) Salah satu linguis Arab (Lughawiyun) yang sangat multitalend dan menguasai multidisiplin kelimuan Islam. Melalui masterpiece-nya “Al-Khashāish”, Ibnu Jinny mencoba membawa wacana dan diskusi-diskusi linguistik Arab dari yang semula terfokus pada perdebatan nahwu dan fanatisme mazhabnya kepada kajian-kajian yang lebih umum dan komprehensif. Bahasa, dalam pandangan Ibnu Jinny, bukan merupakan murni entitas rasional tetapi memiliki dimensi sosial, karena itu, metode, teori dan pendekatan yang digunakan pun mestilah menggabungkan keduanya. Jika teori linguistik Barat Modern memfokuskan obyek kajiannya pada empat unsur penting seperti; Fonetik, sintaksis, morfologi dan semantic, maka sesungguhnya tradisi linguistic Arab, meskipun belum tersistem secara terpadu jauh mendahului kajian mereka seperti yang dilakukan oleh Ibnu Jinny. Bahkan pendekatan sosiologis atau yang lain dapat kita telusuri dan dicari akarnya dari teori-teori Ibnu Jinni dan para linguis generasi setelahnya.
Kata Kunci: Ibnu Jinny, Pemikiran Lingistik Arab, Kitab Khashāish
Abstract
Ibn Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) one of Arabic linguist was very multitalented and multidisciplinary master in Islamic scholarship. Through his masterpiece “Al-Khāshaish”, Ibnu Jinny tried to read discourse and discussion from the original Arabic linguistics that focused on the debate nahwu and fanaticism of his Mazhab in to studies of a more generally and comprehensively. Language, according to Ibn Jinny, is not a purely rational entity but a social dimension, therefore, methods, theories and approaches were used also must necessarily incorporate both dimensions. If the linguistic theory of Modern West focused on object of studies to four important elements such as; Phonetics (‘Ilm al-Ashwāt), Morphology (Sharf), Syntax (Nahw) and Semantics (‘Ilm al-Dilālah), then the Arabic linguistic tradition - as Ibn Jinny’s study - has led Western Linguist studies. Even the sociological approach or another we can browse and look for the roots of the theories of Ibn Jinni and linguists generations thereafter.
Keywords: Ibnu Jinny, Arabic Linguistic Thought, al-Khashāish
مستخلص البحث
ابن جني (موصل، 332-329 هـ) أحد علماء اللغويين الذي يتبحر العلوم أو الفنون الاسلامية. من خلال تأليفه المعتبر "الخصائص". وحاول ابن جني حمل الخطابات والمناقشات حول علم اللغة العربية بداية التركيز على المجادلات النحوية والتعصبية المذهبية في بعض الدراسات عامة وشاملة. واللغة عند ابن جني هي ليست كيانة عقلانية أصيلة فقط وإنما هي كيانة اجتماعية. ولذلك، استخدمت الطريقة والمدخل و النظرية بجمع تلك الكيانتين السابقتين. وإذا ركزت النظرية اللغوية الغربية الحديثة على هذه العناصر الأربعة الهامة مثل علم الأصوات و الصرف والنحو وعلم الدلالة فإن حضارة اللغوية العربية تسبق الدراسات اللغوية الغربية التى قام بها ابن جني قياما كاملا. بالرغم أن المدخل الاجتماعي و اللغوي فنكتشف جذورها من نظريات ابن جني واللغويين ما بعده.
الكلمات الرئيسية: ابن جني، الأفكار اللغوية العربية و الخصائص
5
Al-Azraqi, Munira. "The Ancient Dād in Southwest Saudi Arabia." Arabica 57, no. 1 (2010): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/057053910x12625688929147.
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AbstractAl-dād is a unique sound in Arabic. It is believed that this sound is what makes Arabic a distinguished language. However, its description has confused the linguists for long time. Some modern linguists believe that al-dād described by the ancient linguists is not used in the present time. On the other hand, Arabic speakers may not know that the sound they use for the classical pronunciation of al-dād is not the one described by the ancient Arab linguists. This study records the existence of a sound that has the features of al-dād as described by the ancient Arab linguists. It is used among some speakers in Southwest Saudi Arabia.
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Basith, Abdul. "KLASIFIKASI KATA DALAM BAHASA ARAB MENURUT LINGUIS ARAB KLASIK DAN MODERN." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2009.08203.
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This paper aims to investigate Arabic word classificati based on Arabic Grammarians and modern linguists’ perspectives and principles which they use in that classification. As it is explored by Arabic Grammarians, the word classification is divided into three components, such as ism (noun), fi'l (verb) and harf (particle) ,which causes problems when between definition and sign of each of the classification is unmatched in a given text. Therefore, some modern linguists, one of them is Tamām Hassān, try to reconsider and to remake a new classification of Arabic words. While other Arabic Grammarians only use the six principles of classification (such as distribution principle, substitution principle, function principle, morpheme principle, meaning principle and predicative principle), Tamām Hassān uses two additional principles, those are: the form principle (al-mabnā) and the meaning principle (alma'nā). and the conclusion of is that Arabic word is divided to seven such as ism (noun), sifah (adjective), fi'l (verb), damīr (pronoun), arf (adverb), khalīfah (exclamation) and adāh.
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Ra'uf, Abdullah Zainur. "USHUL AL-NAHWI: Kajian tentang Dasar Bangunan Sintaksis Arab." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v5i2.6162.
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Muhammad Ahmad Qasim argued that ushul al-nahwi is a study about nahwu propositions (Arabic syntax) in general from either its reasoning and method It is mainly regarded as reference as many linguists meet linguistics problems abqut nahwu. Each language, generally known, has structure and pattern so systematic that it can clearly understandable and acceptable to people. Moreover, the differences within ushul al-nahwi many linguistics meet can basically be referred to two main ways; alsima' and al-naqli.
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Rizal, Muhammad, Maman Abdurrahman, and Asep Sopian. "Sumber Landasan dalam Merumuskan kaidah-kaidah Nahwu dan Signifikansinya untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab." DAYAH: Journal of Islamic Education 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jie.v4i2.9443.
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The nahwu rules that have been studied and known so far do not necessarily exist and have previously been available, but this is the result of the hard work of linguists using a variety of methods in it. This study aims to reveal the bases used by linguists in the formulation and standardization of nahwu rules. The type of method used in this study is a qualitative research method using a library research approach. Based on the analysis of the literature study, the linguists use four main bases in formulating the rules of nahwu, including the samā’ or naql, ijmā', qiyās and istiṣḥāb. Samā ' has three main foundations in the form of definite arguments in building nahwu rules, al-Qurān, the hadīth, and the words of the Arabs, both in the form of verse and prose. Ijmā’ is an agreement of language scholars in compiling nahwu rules. Qiyās is the largest argument used by linguists in making rules and for solving linguistic problems that arise. The last is the istiṣḥāb; although it is the weakest foundation compared to the others, it is still used in determining the nahwu rules. Knowing these all aspects will give many benefits in teaching and learning Arabic.
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Salem Elawadi, Elsayed Mohamed, and Muhammad Sabri Bin Sahrir. "HAWSABAH AL-LUGHAH AL-‘ARABIYAH WA TAQDÎM MANHAJ MUQTARAH LAHU FÎ MARKAZ DIRÂSÂT AL-LUGHAH AL-‘ARABIYAH FÎ JÂMI’AH SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN TRENGGANU AL-MÂLÎZIYAH." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 6, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v6i1.9675.
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This research aimed at finding out how the orientation is towards Arabic language computing, the efforts contributed to this approach, the difficulties encountered in linguistic computing, and the solutions to these challenges in an applied and theoretical approach at the same time. One of the outputs of the research was to develop a proposed vision and a mission (digitization or computerization of the Arabic language) within the programs of the Arabic language at Sultan Zainal Abidin University in Terengganu, Malaysia. The study concluded several recommendations, the most important was the need for concerted efforts in the field of Arabic computer linguistics between linguists and students, and to spread computer awareness among linguists by encouraging universities to allocate a course on computerization of the Arabic language and creating a new specialization in Arabic language, to develop the linguistic councils in fulfilling the challenges of computerization of Arabic, translating all scientific works written and published in the field of Arabic computer linguistics in foreign languages by Arab and foreign researchers and transferring them into Arabic, creating a dictionary for the computer linguistics terminology in Arabic, and applications of developments of instructional technologies such as machine translation, electronic dictionary and so on.
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Ayvazyan, Y. S. "WORD FORMATION AS A MODERNIZATION TOOL OF MODERN STANDARD ARABIC (FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ARABIC AND WESTERN LINGUISTS)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(33) (December 28, 2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-6-33-263-268.
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The current article is devoted to the analysis of word formation processes in Modern Standard Arabic from the point of view of Arabic and Eastern linguists. Due to the fact that modern Arab studies in Russia lack systematic coverage of word-formation processes while existing works – monographs, thesis’s and articles are written about unconnected with each other aspects of this theme, which scrutinize the problem in two ways: by approaching the issue in terms of terminology and by overviewing only methods of word formation, it is interesting to observe the formation of words with general meanings. This paper contains approaches of different foreign linguists to the articulated problem, and also includes the author’s vision on the structure of the Arabic word-formation. In addition to that the article covers the historical periodization of the Arabic lexicon and some linguistic features related to Modern Standard Arabic. The article also describes the main attitude of the Arab linguists to the problem of arabic word formation and names the primary Arabic Linguistic Academies, dedicated to the process of term accumulation and treatment. All methods of word formation in MSA are illustrated by numerous examples of modern Arabic terms from different fields, some of which are pure neologisms.
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Haji Ibrahim, Majdi, and Omnia Ahmed Abdelwanis Ibrahim. "تطور مفهوم التلازم اللفظي بين الغرب والعرب / DEVELOPMENT OF COLLOCATION CONCEPT BETWEEN WESTERN AND ARAB LINGUISTS." مجلة الدراسات اللغوية والأدبية (Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies) 9, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jlls.v9i2.662.
Full textAbstract:
ملخص البحث:
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على تطور مفهوم ظاهرة التلازم اللفظي عند كل من اللغويين الغربيين والعرب من خلال الكشف عن إسهام كل منهم في تأطير هذه الظاهرة اللغوية. ومن خلال المنهج الاستقرائي قامت الدراسة بتتبع أهم المصادر العربية والإنجليزية القديمة والحديثة التي تناولت هذه الظاهرة واستقرائها. لقد تبيّن من الدراسة أن العرب كانوا أول من تنبه إلى تلك الظاهرة، فتناولوها في مصنفاتهم تحت مسميات مختلفة ضمن دراسات فقه اللغة وعلى وجه التحديد ضمن مجال دلالات الكلمات ومعانيها، ومعاجم المعاني؛ غير أن اهتمامهم توقف عند هذا الحد فلم يعملوا على تأطير التلازم اللفظي وإخضاعها للدراسة المنهجية، ولم يضعوا لها مفهوما ولا قاعدة. وفي النصف الأول من القرن العشرين توجهت الأنظار مجددا إلى ظاهرة التلازم اللفظي، ولكن على يد اللغوي الإنجليزي فيرث الذي درس الظاهرة تحت مسمى تلازم (Collocation) وقدم مفهوماً لها، وجاء تلامذته من بعده فأكملوا ما بدأه وأضافوا إليه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التلازم اللفظي-تطور-مفهوم-الغرب-العرب.
Abstract:
This study aims to shed light on the development of the concept of collocation from western and Arab linguists’ perspective by showing how each of them addressed this linguistic phenomenon. Through an inductive approach, the study tracked and induced the most important Arabic and English، old and modern references that focused on this phenomenon. The study shows that the Arabs were the first to alert to this phenomenon. They mentioned it in their books using different names and studied it as a part of philology، specifically in the field of semantics and lexicons. However، their interest stopped at this point. They did not go further to develop a concept and form a rule. In the first half of the twentieth century, the English linguist Firth، who studied the phenomenon، named it “Collocation”. Later, Firth’s students studied his findings and researched them further.
Keywords: Collocation – development – concept – West - Arab
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menumpukan kepada perkembangan konsep kolokasi dari perspektif sarjana bahasa Arab dan Barat dengan menyorot pendekatan setiap mereka teradap perkara ini. Melalui pendekatan induktif, kajian ini telah menjejaki dan mengeluarkan senarai rujukan Bahasa Arab dan Barat yang mengupas tajuk ini. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa sarjana Arab adalah yang mula-mula menyedari tentang hal ini. Mereka menggunakan pelbagai istilah untuk menunjukkannya dan mengakajinya sebagai sebahagian daripada filologi terutamanya dalam bidang semantic dan leksis. Walaubagaimanapun usaha mereka terhenti di situ tanpa berakhir dengan konsep dan kaedah. Firth kemudiannya pada abad ke 20 mengkaji fenomena in dan menamaknnya kolokasi yang kemudiannya dikembangkan lagi oleh murid-muridnya.
Kata kunci: Kolokasi – perkembangan – konsep – Barat – Arab.
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Roviin, Roviin. "Binā’ al Nazhariyah al Lughawiyyah fî al Turast al ‘Arabiy wa Taqwîmuhā." Al Mi'yar: Jurnal Ilmiah Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 3, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/am.v3i2.235.
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Indeed humans live in a specific environment and receive the language of this environment by acquiring it with a certainty of its vocal, grammatical, and semantic, as well as with knowledge of social rules in understanding and producing speech. Although linguists agree on this fact in language acquisition, they differ in their views on the acquisition process. Every opinion is based on a theory towards the nature of language. This research aims to explain and evaluate the linguistic theory in Arabic heritage. The researcher reads deeply the references, After a comprehensive understanding is formed on the object of the research, the researcher analyzes and realizes this information. The results of this research indicate that the Arabic heritage took place in the various theories presented by Arab linguists, namely “analysis” and “classification”. The various assumptions and theories used by the Arab linguistic heritage to classify the language and to describe it can be combined in an interference group of circles representing the general structure of the linguistic classification theory, as the various assumptions define and visualize their location from each other. So, the Arabic lesson needs to be reviewed and described as taxonomic rather than a standard lesson.
Keywords: Linguistic theory, Arabic Heritage, Evaluation.
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Ni’mah, Ummi Nurun. "BAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI BAHASA DIGLOSIS." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2009.08102.
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Just like many centuries ago, the Arabic language today is under a “diglossic” situation. As a langue, it richly varies that among them are the “high” and the “low” –something that very common in a diglossic situation. The “high” is the formal variant, called fushā and the “low” is the colloquial spoken variant, called lahjah (dialect). This latest variant grows differently in many shapes that are not yet clearly classified as the linguists agree so far. The dichotomy between fushā-lahjah truly is not a new phenomenon in Arabic world as it has taken place since long ago. However, it has just become a serious problem lately. The dialectical Arabic growth of the lahjah with its plenty different variants in the centers of culture raises problems. This paper comes before you describing the general situation instead of the detail characteristic of every variant. Besides, herewith the discussion on the scientific attention on the matter of diglossic Arabic and —certainly— the problems it rises. The Arabic linguists pay so much attention to solve it for which the debates come largely. The unavoidable disagreements come into one of the three: keeping the fushā, contradicting it, or standing between. Some opinions are given for examples. However all out they have made their effort for it, it would remain a difficult problem without a serious consideration of all the Arab Unity on their own language. Therefore, the involvement of all of the Arabic states is absolutely needed.
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Jumhana, Nana. "METODE QIYAS SEBAGAI LANDASAN EPISTEMOLOGI NAHWU." ALQALAM 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v31i2.565.
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Qiyas (analogy) is one of several methods which had been used by Arabic linguist since the first generation until those who lived in the second century of Hijriyah in formulating Arabic grammars next to Sama' (orally transmitted material). The formulation of the grammars was aimed at conservating Arabic from any kinds of inference, considering that it was not only a mere treasure of the Arab, but also language of Islam after the revelation of Alqur'an. As an ephistemological basis of Arabic synthax, Qiyas serves as an analogy to some eloquent saying of the ancient Arabs. In so doing, Qiyas consists of four components: 1) maqis 'alaih (the source to which one thing is comparred), 2) maqis (the respected object to be comparred), 3) 'illah (the similar aspectls the both share), and 4) hukm (the verdict in search). In terms of it's kind, linguists devide it into three kinds: 1) qiyas al' illah, 2) qiyas at-tard, and qiyas as-syibhi. Even though some linguists argue against the using of Qiyas in formulating grammars, particularly for it is not in line with sima', also for it is considered to be built on subjective rationalisation, Qiyas is of great significance in language theorizing. The significance of Qiyas is not limited to the products demonstrated by traditional linguists. It also applies to our time too, particularly in developing Arabic language in all of it's aspects.
Keyword: Qiyas, Method, Taq id al-Nahwi, Mazhab Basrah, Mazhab Kufah
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Hudhayri, Khalid. "Linguistic Harassment Against Arab LGBTs on Cyberspace." International Journal of English Linguistics 11, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v11n4p58.
Full textAbstract:
Opponents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenders (LGBTs) have always been creative in expressing harassment, in which they emphasize their resentment of LGBTs’ “illegal” rights. In this modern era of technology, harassment is transmitted over digital applications. In light of new paradigms of defining cyberbullying, this research aims to describe the significant body of violent language, through which Arab LGBTs are attacked over Twitter. This is specifically important in building a corpus source for computational linguists working on a premature tracing of excluding language. Responses to 100 tweets posted by individuals affiliated with LGBT were analyzed to describe the precise act of discrimination. Results showed that Arab LGBTs experience prejudice against their sexual traits, mentality, poly-religious views, racial roots, and appearance via both verbal and visual means.
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Kuswardono, Singgih. "آراء ابن جني في الظواهر الصوتية في ميزان الدراسة الصوتية المعاصرة." Al-Uslub: Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/al-uslub.v3i2.12.
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ABSTRACT
IbnJinniy (322-392 A.H./ 933-1001 A.D.) is a well-known language philosopher. He is considered to be the first linguist who defined language as a sound, a sound that is used by community to express their social objectives. No one among linguists has opposed to this definition and it has even been followed by all Arab linguists up to now. IbnJinniy paid attention to speech sound much greater than any linguists in his era and he is regarded to be the first linguist who studied Arabic speech sounds in his work (سر الصناعة) and some others in his book (الخصائص).
Whith in IbnJinniy’s views, he had laid down foundation of speech sounds phenomenon more comprehensive than who ever was before him in the past. He became the founder of thoughst and theories in speech sounds phenomenon which linguists make it reference to the present time. According to IbnJinniy, the speech sounds phenomenon consisting: 1) morphophenemic phenomenon; 2) pronunciation phenomenon; 3) metric/ prosodi phenomenon; and 4) dialect phenomenon.
Along with linguistic branching out more than 2000 years, the speech sound phenomenon thoughts also grow up. There are some new terms never known before appear, some are similiar as Ibn Jinniys terms, some others improve Ibn Jinniys thought in speech sound phenomenon. Speech sound phenomenon terms which are equal or as same as Ibn Jinny meaning such (المماثلة التامة) equal to (الإدغام الأكبر), (المخالفة) equal to (الإبدال كراهية التضعيف). Whereas some speech sound phenomenon terms which improve or detail Ibn Jinniy thought are: (1) (التخفيف بإزالة التضعيف وفك الإدغام) is the exeptional of (الإدغام الأكبر) for example: (اقتتل واشتتم), (الحمد لله العلي الأجلل); (2) (تخفيف صوت المفرد) is the mutation part of /ا/ on /ء/, such its examples were mentioned by Ibn Jinniy: (آمن) from (أأمن), (راس) from (رأس), and (باس) from (بأس); and (3) (توافق الصوائت) is the explanation about first pronoun form and its changed form, such (عليهِمْ، إليهِم، بِهِ، بِهِمْ) form (عَلَيْهُمْ، إِلَيْهُمْ، بِهُ، بِهُمْ).
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Nurhaqiqi, Nurhaqiqi. "Kaidah-Kaidah Bahasa Arab Non-Fungsional: Upaya Menghadirkan Materi Kaidah Bahasa Arab yang Lebih Mudah." LISANIA: Journal of Arabic Education and Literature 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/lisania.v3i1.45-67.
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This study aims to further analyze some Arabic language rules that do not have semantic functions in a sentence; both rules derive from the nahwu and sharaf. The primary source of the study is the Arabic language rules analyzed using the text content (madhmûn) approach. The steps are firstly making an inventory of the rules stated anomaly, then finding its ‘illah (reason/cause), and then the conclusions are taken. The results of the study prove that there are Arabic rules that do not have semantic functions. This happens because the motive for its creation is not intended to present new intentions and meanings in a sentence. Among these motives are reasons for sentence efficiency, philosophical nuances and reasons for being mild in pronunciation. The patterns used are al-hadzf, al-ibdl, al-rutbah/taqdîm ta’khîr and al-ziyâdah. The results of this study are not in line with the 'traditional scholars such as al-Mâzinî, (d. 248 H), al-Mubarrid (d. 285 H.), al-Farrâ' (d. 189 H) who said that Arabic linguistics has been perfect and final and there is no need to review on it. On the contrary, this research strengthens the opinion of modern linguists such as Ibn Madlâ (d. 592 H), Syauqî Dhayf (born 1910 AD), Tammam Hasan (born 1918 AD) who said that Arabic science is convoluted, very philosophical and not apparently consistent, which must be reviewed to make it look lighter and easier to learn especially for beginners and finally the impression that Arabic is complicated, difficult and convoluted can be avoided.
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Alaqtash, Abdulhamid, and Amjad Talafha. "Principles of arabic noun gender: An overview of learning difficulties." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol7iss1pp63-90.
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Arab linguists have distinguished between the animate and inanimate gender of nouns, where the former was assigned a male or female natural gender and the later a grammatical gender, and so the distinction between the real natural gender and the figurative grammatical gender has spread widely in Arabic grammar. Educational studies and linguistic research carried out by educationalists and linguists have indicated the prevalence of two difficulties in teaching and learning the issue of grammatical gender. The first is related to distinguishing between masculine and feminine within the same sex; the other is related to the multiplicities in the structural forms of gender whether natural or grammatical This research focuses on the first difficulty as this difficulty reflects directly on the second difficulty whether right or wrong. This can be observed in the intensive grammatical agreement in topics such as verb – subject, subject - predicate, modified - modifier, and number agreement.
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Altwaiji, Mubarak. "American Orientalist Discourse: the Linguistic Formation and Transformation." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p261.
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The Middle East region had been the epicentre of American orientalist discourse since the American independence from Britain. After independence, American linguists, travellers, missionaries, politicians, sailors and traders scrutinized the anarchy and uncertainty of that region and employed them to produce works that prioritized American identity formation. This research rests on conducting an analysis of how American orientalism was created and how the various encounters between Arabs and America affected the linguistic course of this academia. This study considers the major encounters in the course of Arab-America relationship that brought major transformations to orientalism such as: the Barbary war, the creation of Israel, oil and terrorism. Since the American independence, American orientalism focused on building American identity in comparison with Arabs and their practices. Modern American orientalism has undergone various and huge transformations resulted mostly from formidable threats to American interests and the American retaliations to those threats. These encounters, whether political, economic or military, brought representation of Arabs to the top of American orientalist agenda and left a huge impact on image of Arabs in literature. Therefore, this study is based on the analysis of these different factors in order to know the different perspectives of this orientalism through its different stages.
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Albantani, Azkia Muharom, Afwa Uzna Fauziah, and Iis Sumiantia. "Perkembangan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Melalui Isytiqāq." ALSUNIYAT: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Arab 3, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/alsuniyat.v3i2.26243.
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This paper aims to examine the development of Arabic vocabulary through isytiqāq kabīr, akbar, and kubbār. Isytiqāq or derivation has appeared among Arabic linguists from the beginning of the third century hijriah until the middle of the end of the fourth century hijriah. The qualitative research method (al-bahts al-kayfi) with the type of library research is used in this paper to examine library materials related to the writing theme. The study results show that the type of isytiqāq kabīr is the same as taqlīb (change), the type of isytiqāq akbar is the same as ibdal, and the type of isytiqāq kubbār is the same as naht (acronym). The three isytiqāq have differences, namely; isytiqāq kabīr / akbar is to form various syllables from a syllable consisting of three phonemes, but still has elements of the same meaning. The similarity in meaning is because the word formed comes from a root word with the same phoneme. While isytiqāq kubbār is to form a new word by abbreviating two or more words, which results in an abbreviated word meaning.
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Malik, Abdul. "ARABISASI (TA‘RI B) DALAM BAHASA ARAB (Tinjauan Deskriptif-Historis)." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2009.08204.
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As a responsive agent, language changes and adapts inaccordance with the development of civilization. So doesArabic language. As the adaptation mechanism (ta‘rib),Arabic language has gone through some changes. Newwords emerge. Some words are formed from the languageitself and some are from others. This study aims to focus onta‘ri> b or Arabization of foreign words and its process. Theperiodic stages of this process are observed through thehistorical point of view while the phenomenon of the ongoing Arabization is discussed through a descriptiveanalysis. The paper initially is discussing the loan words(dakhil) and formation words, along with the definitionpromoted by linguists about ta‘rib. Contemporary examplesare exposed as a comparison.
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Hamzah, Mukhotob. "Perbandingan Konsep Linguistik Ferdinand De Saussure dan Abdul Qāhir al-Jurjānī: Kajian Konseptual." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 9, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jbs.v9i2.111960.
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Previous scholars in linguistics study have focused only on theory proposed by European linguists, one of them is Ferdinand De Saussure from Swiss. However, long before Saussure’s concept has been popularized, in the fourth century Arab world has already had concept of linguistics initiated by Abdul Qāhir al-Jurjāni. Embarked upon a study on language construction of Al-Qur'an, he extended the concept to general context including Arabic literature. This current study compared Al-Jurjāni and Saussure theoretical concepts by employing library research. The main sources were taken from Dalailul i'jaz authored by Al-Jurjāni and Course in Gerenal Linguistics written by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehay taken from their notes in Saussure’s college class. The findings reveal the sameness of linguistics concept between Saussure and Al- Jurjāni namely langue-parole vs Lughah-Kalam, Significant-Signifier vs lafal-makna, and Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic vs an-nadzm- al-Ikhtiār.
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Mukhotob Hamzah. "Perbandingan Konsep Linguistik ‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī dan Ferdinand de Saussure: Kajian Konseptual." Al-Ma‘rifah 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.18.01.03.
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Previous scholars in linguistics studies have focused only on the theory proposed by European linguists, one of them is Ferdinand de Saussure from Swiss. However, long before Saussure’s concept has been popularized, in the fourth century, the Arab world has already had the concept of linguistics initiated by ‘Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī. This study compared al-Jurjānī and de Saussure theoretical concepts by employing library research. This study shows that al-Jurjānī and de Saussurre are similar in several ways, (1) related to langue and parole vis-à-vis al-lughah and al-kalām. al-Jurjānī called it al-lughah for a theory, and al-kalām as the practice of the theory or the words of each individual. Meanwhile, de Saussure said that langue is a system and structure that is in the cognition of certain citizens of society, and parole is its application, (2) related to signifies and signifiant vis-à-vis lafẓ and ma‘ná. Both of them both think that language is not just a word or sentence, both oral and written in such a way, but a system of signs, (3) related to syntagmatics and paradigmatics vis-à-vis al-jiwār and al-ikhtiyār in discussing the relationships that govern the components of linguistic structures.
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Alghamdi, Hamdah, and Eleni Petraki. "Arabizi in Saudi Arabia: A Deviant Form of Language or Simply a Form of Expression?" Social Sciences 7, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090155.
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The popularity of social networking sites in the Arab world has resulted in a new writing code, Arabizi, which combines Roman letters and numbers to represent the Arabic language. This new code received vehement criticism from Arabic linguists who argued that Arabizi is detrimental to the Arabic language and Arab identity. Arabizi use, however, has been increasing, especially in Saudi Arabia, a highly conservative and religious society. To address this apparent contradiction, this study investigated the reasons why young Saudi Arabians use Arabizi online and their attitudes towards its use. The research was based on 131 questionnaires distributed on social networking sites, and 20 interviews conducted with Saudi users of Arabizi. The findings suggest participants use Arabizi because (1), it is the language of their peers, (2) it is cool and stylish, (3) they have difficulties with the Arabic language, and (4) Arabizi constitutes a secret code, allowing escape from judgements of the older generation. The study concludes that Arabizi is a strong marker of Arab youth identity and group solidarity.
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Helmanita, Karlina. "Hambatan Membaca Aksara Arab Bagi Anak Disleksia di Sanggar Baca Jendela Dunia." Buletin Al-Turas 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v22i2.4047.
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Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hambatan anak disleksia ketika belajar membaca aksara Arab dengan melihat jenis disleksia yang dialami responden, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi anak disleksia, memberikan metode alternatif guna meminimalisir hambatan membaca aksara Arab bagi anak-anak disleksia; mengetahui lebih dekat tahapan membaca yang dicapai anak diseleksia, sampai memberikan perlakuan (treatment) yang dapat membantu anak disleksia membaca aksara Arab secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data secara deduktif-induktif secara bolak-balik sampai data dianggap cukup dan dapat mengantarkan pada temuan penelitian. Karenanya proses pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, rekaman, dan partisipasi aktif kepada 2 orang anak disleksia di Sanggar Baca Jendela Dunia. Temuan penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada 1) Pelaku pendidikan non formal---guru ngaji, TK dan TP Alquran, dan mentor atau relawan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) yang menangani baca tulis latin maupun Arab--- secara lebih sistematis, terprogram dalam menangani anak-anak disleksia ketika membaca aksara Arab, termasuk melalui baca al-Quran; 2) Orangtua dalam mendidik, membimbing, mengawasi, dan memberikan perhatian terhadap cara mengatasi hambatan membaca aksara Arab dapat ditangani secara setara dengan baca tulis latin; 3) Para penggiat di bidang linguistik Arab hendaknya dapat mengembangkan pendekatan, perlakuan (treatment) yang tepat untuk anak-anak disleksia, khususnya dalam penanganan kegiatan membaca aksara Arab. ---Abstract The goal of this research is to find out the handicaps of child’s dyslexia in learning to read Arabic letters by observing the type of dyslexia undergone by respondents, indentifying the handicaps occurred to dyslexia, providing alternative method in order to minimize the handicaps in learning Arabic letters for dyslexia; to get close to know reading steps achieved by dyslexia, giving treatment that can help dyslexia in learning Arabic letters continuesly. This research uses qualitative method by collecting deductive-inductive data adequately to come into a conclusion of this research. Therefore, the process of collecting data is by using observation, recording, and actively participation for two children dyslexia in Sanggar Baca Jendela Dunia. The research findings can give recommendations as follows: 1) informal educators, such as islamic teachers, kindergarten, and Al-Qur’an learning institution, and mentor or volunteers of Social Reading Institution (Taman Bacaan Masyarakat) who can handle Arabic reading-writing systematically and well-organized to cope with dyslexia in reading Arabic letters, including to read Al-Qur’an; 2) Parents in educating, guiding, observing, and to give attention to overcome the handicaps in reading Arabic letters can be handled equally to Latin alphabets; 3) The practioners of Arabic linguists should develop effective approach and treatment for dyslexia, especially in handling to read Arabic letters. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.556799
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Afandi, Zamzam. "BIAS TEOLOGIS DALAM LINGUISTIK ARAB (?) (Telaah atas Prinsip ’Āmil dan Ta’līl dalam Nahwu) Oleh: Zamzam Afandi." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2008): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2008.07108.
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This paper aims at describing and analyzing the mostimportant principles in nahwu, that are ‘āmil and ‘illah or ta’līl, not from how they work but from how they function, which is from the theological perspective. The main reason for this is because generally the linguists, who are involved intensively in the study of nahwu, belong to various theological mainstreams, for example Mu’tazilah and Asy’ariyah. By elaborating the critical method of theology, it is expected that the case of ‘āmil and ‘illah or ta’līl are more comprehensible.
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علي, عاصم شحادة. "الألسنية الحديثة: قراءة إيبستمولوجية (Modern Linguistics: An Epistemological Reading)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i2.741.
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ثمة قضايا في الألسنية اختلف فيها المعاصرون من حيث القبول أو الرفض؛ حيث تبحث الإيبستمولوجيا في القراءة النقدية للمبادئ والفرضيات والنتائج العلمية، وفي الوقت نفسه تتناول موضوع القراءة النقدية للعلوم. هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى البحث بشكل عام عن بعض قضايا الألسنية الحديثة التي تناولها القدامى؛ للتأكيد على أنّ المعلومات قد استوعبها الطلبة غير الناطقين بالعربية والمتخصصين باللغة العربية، ولتحديد قضايا الألسنية الحديثة لدى القدامى العرب بشكل تفصيلي، ولتقييم أثر الألسنية الحديثة وتكاملها مع جهود القدامى اللغويين في المستوى العلمي للطلبة في الجامعات والمعاهد العليا، ولتوضيح دور اللغة في اللغة الإنسانية، ولتحسين فهم العلاقة بين مجالات الألسنية الحديثة لدى القدامى والمعاصرين وفعاليتها في العلوم الإنسانية، وللتأكيد على أن الألسنية الحديثة وتكاملها مع القدامى العرب فيها عناصر يمكن أن تؤثر في العلوم الإنسانية. توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج مهمة، ومنها: أن التفكير النحوي وإعادة تدوين النظريات النحوية جاء بأسلوب حديث، وقدم أصول نظرية التحويل والتفريع، وقال بأن نظرية تشومسكي تلتقي في اعتراضها على البنيوية مع الأصول التي رسمها ابن هشام الأنصاري للتحليل اللغوي والمعرب عنده، هناك من العرب المعاصرين من هدف إلى قراءة التراث النحوي وتقييمه. وقد عرضوا عيب مقاربات المحدثين للتراث العربي والتي اتسمت بالتجريبية، وهناك من وصفوا الدراسة التاريخية للعلوم اللغوية من الدراسات اللغوية القديمة إلى الدراسات اللغوية في القرن العشرين.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الإيبستمولوجيا، التراث، المعاصرة، الدراسات اللغوية.
Abstract
There are many issues in modernity in which modernists differ in terms of acceptance or rejection; whereas epistemology examines the critical reading of principles, hypotheses, and scientific results along with addressing the critical reading of science. This study aims to search in general various modern linguistics issues that were addressed by the ancient Arabs; to emphasize that the information was absorbed by non-Arabic and Arabic-speaking students, to identify modern Arabic issues in the ancient Arabs in detail, and to evaluate the impact of modern linguistics and integration with the efforts of linguists in the academic level students of universities and higher institutes, to clarify the role of language in the human language, and to improve understanding of the relationship between the areas of modern linguistics of ancient and modern period and its effectiveness in the humanities, and to emphasize that modern linguistics and its integration with ancient Arabs has elements that can influence the humanities. Among the important findings are: The grammatical thinking and the re-codification of grammatical theories brought out the modern methods, introduced the origins of the theory of conversion and division, and the theory of Chomsky meets in its opposition to structuralism with the theories drawn by Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari for linguistic analysis and the inflection. There are contemporary grammarians who aim to read the grammar heritage and evaluate it. They present the defect of modernist approaches to Arab heritage, which was characterized by experimentation, and there are those who define the historical study of linguistic sciences from the old linguistic studies to the linguistic studies of the twentieth century.
Keywords: Epistemology, Heritage, Contemporary, Language Studies.
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Rizcy, Syarifah, Saproni M Samin, and Rojja Pebrian. "At Ta'bir Asy Syafahi wa Manzilatuhu baina Furu'il Lughah." (الطموحات ) EL-THUMUHAT 2, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/elthumuhat.2019.vol2(2).5359.
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The importance of expression in the teaching of Arabic is the goal of studying all branches of the language. The importance of expression as a means of communication with others is one aspect of the process of understanding. Expression is not just a set of language skills that any student must master so that he can express what he wants but to express a dimension other than this linguistic dimension, the cognitive dimension. Speech is the second skill of language skills after listening and not every voice speech because speech must be available two words and a benefit, and the voice is composed of some letters, and benefit is what the meaning of meanings in the minds of speakers as expressed by Arab linguists. One of the most important teaching of any language is to speak or express thoughts, feelings and attitudes in the mind, and to confront everyday communication situations. However, the oral expression in the process of teaching the language levels.
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Hefny, Rabea Mohamed Mohamed, and Mohamed Chourana. "The effect of grammatical rules in highlighting linguistic differences: descriptive study." Al Hikmah International Journal of Islamic Studies and Human Sciences 4, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hkmh.4.3.21m.
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Determining the semantic differences between the words of the language requires specific scientific criteria. These criteria must be consistent with the characteristics of our Arabic language, and derived from its rules, so that by following them we can identify the distinctive semantic features of each word. Arab linguists have used grammatical rules to highlight the semantic differences between convergent words. Meaning, how accurate and comprehensive is the grammatical standard? What are the difficulties we face when applying this standard? The research in our hands provides a semantic description and analysis of those grammatical criteria in order to answer these questions, and the research has resulted in the strengths and weaknesses in the grammatical criteria criteria used to show the linguistic differences between words of close meaning, and identify the problems that stand in the absence of the effectiveness of these criteria when The application, and ended with practical recommendations for the optimal investment of grammar standards.
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Mardiah, Zaqiatul, Afridesy Puji Pancarani, and Dede Ridwanullah. "Pembelajaran Linguistik Arab di Program Studi Sastra Arab Fakultas Sastra UAI." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 3, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v3i3.210.
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<p><em>Abstrak – </em><strong>Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan masalah pembelajaran linguistik bahasa Arab di Program Studi Sastra Arab UAI dalam kegiatan perkuliahan di setiap semester dan tesis akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 75% siswa di program studi sastra Arab menulis tesis sarjana mereka, seperti topic linguistik daripada topic lainnya. Namun, ketertarikan pada linguistic tidak diikuti oleh pemahaman dan penguasaan bahasa linguistic yang lebih baik. Dengan mewawancarai dan mengamati 20 responden siswa yang telah menyelesaikan tesis sarjana mereka, dan 4 orang dosen linguistik, masalah pembelajaran linguistik bahasa Arab akan terungkap dan solusi potensial akan diajukan.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><strong> – </strong><em>Mata Kulia Linguistik Arab, Permasalahan, dan Solusi</em><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Abstra</em><em>ct <strong>- </strong></em><strong>This paper aims to reveal the problems of Arabic linguistics learning in the Department of Arabic Letter UAI in the lecture activities in each semester and the final thesis. The result of the study revealed that more than 75% of students in the Department of Arabic Letter that are writing their bachelor thesis, like a linguistics topics than other topics. However, the interest in the linguistics are not followed by the better understanding and mastery about linguistics. By interviewing and observing 20 student respondents that have been finishing their bachelor thesis, and 4 linguistics lecturer respondents , the problem of Arabic linguistics learning will be revealed and the potential solutions will be proposed. </strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Arabic Linguistics learning, problems, and solutions</em></p>
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Khalifa, Abd al-Karim. "The Meaning of Hikma in Sūrat al-Baqara (Q.2:129)." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 2, no. 1 (January 2000): 180–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.180.
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This article follows the concept of ḥikma (wisdom) in the Qur'anic verse: ‘Our Lord! And raise up in them an Apostle from among them who shall recite to them Thy communications and teach them the Book and the wisdom and purify them; surely Thou art the Mighty, the Wise.’ (Q.2:129) The notion of ḥikma is explained in the compilations of several Qur'anic commentators, representing different scientific methods and ideological groups. Moreover, the above-mentioned verse is the first to occur with this sense of ḥikma, in terms of the Qur'anic order. This study traces the different linguistic meanings and origins of this concept, through the compilations of famous ancient Arab linguists and poetic citations, especially from pre-Islamic poetry. In addition to the linguistic meaning of the term, the article also explores its metaphorical meaning. The study reaches the conclusion that the Qur'anic concept of ḥikma is specified through the context, in other words, through the literal and the versificational. The various meanings which the commentators attribute to the concept indicate that interpretative judgements are limited by the human capability to specify the meanings of Qur'anic concepts. Therefore the human language differs from that of God, who descended the Qur'an by revelation 'in plain Arabic language' (Q.26:195).
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Masrukhi, Moh. "PENERJEMAHAN ARAB-JAWA TRADISI PESANTREN PADA KARYA KITAB-KITAB KLASIK: ANALISIS FUNGSI." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.31744.
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The aims of education in Javanese pesantren is generally to transmit the teachings of Islam. Its teaching system to this day still refers to the Arabic classic books al-kutubul-mu`tabara (KKbA). In order for KKbA to be understood by the general public, there is an effort to translate it into Javanese language by translating the pesantren model or tradition (PTP). The typical translation of Pesantren is done per word according to the order in the source language (BSu) or the Arabic language. The apparent feature of the translation results is the addition of markers to the grammatical unit functions of the source language in the target language (BSa), like Javanese language. The theory used in this research is the Arabic syntax theory which is already well known and written by Arabic linguists. The result of the research about the marker of the grammatical unit function in KKbA is divided into four parts. This division is done to show the uniqueness of the structure owned by Arabic language. The division includes: a) marker of mubtada ' and khabar function; b) the marker of the functions of fā'il and nāib fā'il, c) the syntactic function marker of maf'ūl bih; and d) the marker of an explanatory function, such as maf'ūl fīh, maf'ūl mutlaq, maf'ūl li ajlihi, hāl, and tamyīz. Thus, this tradition of interpretation of Pesantren in addition to acquiring knowledge of KKbA studied, as well as get knowledge about Arabic grammar.
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Kurniawan, Imam, Anung Al Hamat, and Abdul Hayyie Al Kattani. "Metode Pembelajaran Kreatif Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar Islam." Idarah Tarbawiyah: Journal of Management in Islamic Education 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/itjmie.v2i1.3426.
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<p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris">Creative Learning Methods in Arabic Language Subjects For Grade 1 Elementary School is a strategic step in fostering students' learning interest and minimizing student saturation when learning a foreign language. This research aims to produce Creative Learning Methods in Arabic Language Subjects for Grade 1 Elementary School (SD). The research method used in this research is qualitative field research—data collection tools through observation, interviews, and documentation. The formulation of Creative Learning Method in the Arabic Language For Grade 1 elementary school was conducted validity test through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with four experts, namely: religious experts, linguists, psychologists and education experts. This study's results can be described that the Arabic Language Learning Method for Grade 1 Elementary School at Ibnu Hajar Bogor Islamic School in a structured manner has not looked neat. In its implementation, learning Arabic in grade 1 elementary school at Ibnu Hajar Bogor Islamic School uses Arabic manuals for grade 1 elementary school ordered by the school with exciting methods in its delivery. While in Pioneer School Depok Arabic Language Learning For Grade 1 Elementary School is held once a week, namely on Tuesdays, starting at 09:00- 09:30 by using learning modules created by the school based on students' needs namely lughotuna Arabic language books. The methods used by the two institutions studied in Arabic language learning are very diverse, he said; direct methods, Q&amp; A, Qowa'id, and Game</p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Metode Pembelajaran Kreatif pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar merupakan langkah strategis dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar siswa dan meminimalisir kejenuhan siswa saat belajar bahasa asing. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini Untuk menghasilkan Metode Pembelajaran Kreatif pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar (SD). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif field research. Alat pengumpul data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil rumusan Metode Pembelajaran Kreatif pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 SD dilakukan uji keabsahan melalui Focus Group Discusion (FGD) dengan 4 ahli yaitu: ahli agama, ahli bahasa, ahli psikologi dan ahli pendidikan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dideskripsikan bahwa Metode Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar di Sekolah Islam Ibnu Hajar Bogor secara terstruktur belum terlihat rapi. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pembelajaran bahasa Arab kelas 1 SD di Sekolah Islam Ibnu Hajar Bogor menggunakan buku panduan bahasa Arab untuk kelas 1 SD yang dipesan oleh pihak sekolah dengan penambahan metode menarik dalam penyampaiannya. Sedangkan di Sekolah Pioneer Depok Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar dilaksanakan satu kali dalam sepekan, yaitu di hari Selasa, mulai pukul 09:00- 09:30 dengan menggunakan modul pembelajaran yang dibuat oleh sekolah berdasarkan kebutuhan peserta didik yaitu buku bahasa Arab Lughotuna. Metode yang digunakan oleh dua lembaga yang diteliti dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab sangat beragam, di antaranya; metode langsung, tanya jawab, Qowa’id, dan metode Game.</p>
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Fahdawi, Dr Falah Ibrahim Nassif. "Moral exile in the Holy Quran." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 214, no. 1 (November 11, 2018): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v214i1.621.
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The Arabic Language linguists have various methods in interpreting and orientating the Arab Texts from the grammatical perspective. The research focuses on one of these methods. It is the negative potential meaning interpretation and orientation for the texts that are their apparent meaning seems to be affirmative.I preferred that my study to be connected with the Holy Quran Texts hoping to enrich the field of the Quranic Studies and to be more specific in my study problem. After the profound study for all what is to be in relation to my study problem, I found that it is better for my study to be in an introduction and the term definition, followed by two chapters: Chapter one addresses the negative meaningful in verbs, whereas chapter two addresses the words that carry the negative meaning, although its apparent meaning is different.
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Ihsannudin, Nurul, and Khoirun Nisa’. "KONTEKS ARAB SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGUTUSAN NABI: Menelisik Faktor-Faktor di Balik Keistimewaan Bahasa Hadis." Riwayah : Jurnal Studi Hadis 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/riwayah.v7i1.10135.
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<p><span lang="IN">Melalui ajaran yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan Hadits, Islam telah mempengaruhi tradisi dan budaya di masyarakat Arab. Hadits, ucapan Nabi Muhammad saw, dipandang oleh ahli bahasa Arab memiliki keistimewaan dan kelebihan. Pada artikel ini, penulis bertujuan untuk mencari jawaban terkait konteks tradisi-budaya sastra di masa kelahiran dan pertumbuhan Nabi Muhammad saw berikut faktor yang membentuk bahasa dan gaya hadits berdasarkan asumsi bahwa konsep <em>al-ta`atstsur wa al-ta`tsīr</em> berlaku untuk setiap manusia. Penulis melakukan analisis terhadap data penelitian dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konteks tradisi-budaya sastra Arab sudah mengalami kemajuan di masa kelahiran dan pertumbuhan Nabi saw. Selain itu, terdapat faktor-faktor utama dan pendukung dalam pembentukan bahasa hadits. Wahyu Alquran dan <em>Jawāmi 'al-kalim</em> merupakan faktor utama dalam membentuk bahasa hadits. Sedangkan konteks kemajuan tradisi-budaya sastra Arab menjadi faktor pendukung dan merupakan bentuk sunatullah yang diterapkan dalam kehidupan manusia.</span></p><p>[<strong><span lang="IN">The Contexts of The Prophet’s Life: Reading the Factors Behind the Excellence of the Hadith Language</span></strong><span>. </span><span lang="IN">Through the teachings contained in the Quran and hadith, Islam has influenced the traditions and cultures in Arab society. The hadith, the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), were viewed by Arab linguists as having specialties and advantages. In this article, the authors aim to find the context of literary traditions during the birth and growth of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the factors that shape the language and style of hadith based on the assumption that the concept of <em>al-ta`atstsur wa al-ta`tsīr</em> applies to every human being. The authors analyzed the research data using descriptive-analytic methods. The results showed that the context of Arabic literary cultures had progressed at the time of the Prophet's birth and growth. Besides, there are major and supporting factors in the formation of hadith language. The revelation of the Quran and <em>Jawāmi</em></span><em><span lang="IN">ʿ</span><span lang="IN"> al-kalim</span></em><span lang="IN"> are the major factors in shaping the language of hadith. Meanwhile, the contexts of literary progress in Arabic society are supporting factors and are forms of <em>sunatullah</em> that are applied in human life.</span>]</p>
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Angelis, Paul. "The roots of applied linguistics in North America." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.24.1.01ang.
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Abstract This article traces the origins of applied linguistics within North America. The primary sources of information were responses from a survey of leading applied linguists conducted in 1999 and a review of records from professional associations, chiefly those associated with the Linguistic Society of America, back to its foundation in 1924. Evidence is reported of the recognition of applied linguistics even with that designation as early as 1925. Extensive work is cited of an applied nature for three decades after that, much of it not carrying any such label. Likewise, language related activity conducted by many known more as specialists in other fields is reported from throughout the nineteenth century. A chronological record of North American applied linguistics is proposed showing four phases. The first predates the foundation of the Linguistic Society of America (prior to 1924). The second, labeled the post LSA period, covers the years from 1925 through 1959. The third, the early applied era, extends from 1960 to 1990 and the fourth, the independent status period extends from 1990 to the present. Summary comments portray the character of applied linguistics in North America in relation to similar activities in other geographical areas.
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Yusuf, Kamal. "Konsep Pertentangan Makna dalam Linguistik Modern dan Linguistik Arab." Buletin Al-Turas 19, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v19i1.3695.
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Abstrak Artikel ini akan membahas tentang pertentangan makna dan gagasan yang menyatakan bahwa pengertian antonimi telah direvisi. Pertentangan makna akan dibahas dalam dua perspektif, yaitu linguistic modern dan linguistik Arab. Menurut linguistic modern, pertentangan makna terjadi ketika dua kata atau lebih bertentangan dalam maknanya. Dalam sudut pandang ini, pertentangan makna dianggap sebagai dua bentuk yang saling bertentangan dalam maknanya. Maka munculah istlah antonym, komplementari, direksional, dan kontrari. Sementara itu, menurut linguistic arab, pertentangan makna dianggap sebagai satu bentuk kata yang memiliki pertentangan dalam maknanya. Fenomena inilah yang disebut dengan kontranimi (contranymy).---Abstract This article deals with oppositeness of meaning and the notion of antonymy is revised. The oppositeness of meaning is discussed further in two perspectives, i.e. modern linguistics and Arabic linguistics. According to modern linguistics, oppositeness of meaning is when two words or more contrary in meaning. In this view, oppositeness of meaning is assumed as two forms that opposite in their meaning. There are such as antonymy, complementary, directional, and contrary. Meanwhile, according to Arabic linguistics tradition, oppositeness of meaning is assumed one form that has contrary in meaning. This phenomenon is what so called contranymy.
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Yazidi, Akhmad. "PEMAKAIAN AKSARA DALAM PENULISAN BAHASA MELAYU HINGGA BAHASA INDONESIA (THE USAGE OF LETTERS ON MALAY TO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE WRITING)." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v3i1.4484.
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AbstractThe Usage of Letters on Malay to Indonesian Language Writing. This paper discussesthe history of the Indonesian language, literacy in the writing of a variety of languages, Malay letter in writing to the Indonesian language, and spelling in Indonesian. Ofthis section may conclude that in writing the history of written language or alphabetletters contained Paku, the letter Babylonian, Assyrian letters, letters of Ancient Persia;Pallawa, Kawi Letter used in Sanskrit; Arabic, Kanjiin Japanese and Chinese, letters,Jawi Premodern, Modern Java, Bali Modern: literacy Hanacaraka from Lampung,Rencong, Karo Batak, Bugis-Makassar as well;and Latin script. Indonesian languagethat comes from the Malay language has a long history, There are some developmentspase formation of the Indonesian language, namely Old Malay, Malay Market, HigherMalay, and Bahasa Indonesian. Since the 5th century inscription has been found to beYupa in Kutai in East Kalimantan with a script and inscription Pallawa Tarumanegara,and inscriptions in Old Malay inscriptions in a script that is Pallawa Towu Gutters,Cape Inscription Land, and the inscription Limestone City. In a later development afterthe Arabs came to trade missions and preaching, use Malay Arabic script known asJawi letters, and beginning of the 20th century the concept put forward by the Ch. A.Dutch van Ophuysen applied linguists Latin letters into the Malay language. Ever seenon the spelling of force, then in the Indonesian language contained van OphuysenSpelling, Spelling Republic, and Spelling Enhanced.Keywords: letter of the alphabet, spelling, languageAbstrakPemakaian Aksara dalam Penulisan Bahasa Melayu hingga Bahasa Indonesia. Tulisanini membahas tentang sejarah bahasa Indonesia, aksara dalam penulisan berbagaibahasa, aksara dalam penulisan bahasa Melayu hingga bahasa Indonesia, dan ejaandalam bahasa Indonesia. Dari pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam sejarahtulisan atau aksara bahasa tulis terdapat huruf Paku, yaitu huruf Babylonia, hurufAssyiria, Huruf Persia Kuno; Pallawa, Huruf Kawi yang digunakan dalam bahasaSanskerta; huruf Arab, huruf Kanji dalam bahasa Jepang dan Cina, huruf, JawiPramodern, Jawa Modern, Bali Modern; Aksara Hanacaraka dari Lampung, Rencong,Batak Karo, serta Bugis-Makassar; serta aksara Latin. Bahasa Indonesia yang berasaldari bahasa Melayu mempunyai sejarah yang cukup lama, Terdapat beberapa faseperkembangan terbentuknya bahasa Indonesia, yaitu bahasa Melayu Kuno, MelayuPasar, Melayu Tinggi, dan Bahasa Indonesia. Sejak abad ke-5 sudah ditemukan prasastiberupa Yupa di Kutai Kalimantan Timur dengan aksara Pallawa dan PrasastiTarumanegara, kemudian prasasti dalam bahasa Melayu Kuno dalam aksara Pallawa,yaitu Prasasti Talang Towu, Prasasti Tanjung Tanah, dan Prasasti Kota Kapur. Dalamperkembangan kemudian setelah bangsa Arab datang dengan misi dagang dan dakwah,48digunakan aksara Arab Melayu yang dikenal sebagai huruf Jawi, dan awal abad ke-20atas konsep yang di kemukakan oleh Ch. A. van Ophuysen ahli bahasa Belandaditerapkan huruf Latin kedalam bahasa Melayu. Dilihat dari ejaan yang pernah berlaku,dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat Ejaan van Ophuysen, Ejaan Republik atau EjaanSuwandi, dan Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan.Kata-kata kunci: aksara, ejaan, bahasa
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Mardiah, Zaqiatul, and Bagus Arighi Afif. "Verba Perfektum dan Verba Imperfektum dalam Bahasa Arab." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 2, no. 3 (November 3, 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v2i3.146.
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<p><em>Abstrak – </em><strong>Dalam literatur tata bahasa Arab, ada tiga jenis verba (</strong><strong><em>An Nahwul Wadih</em></strong><strong>, tt), (</strong><strong><em>Qawa'idul Lughatil Arabiyyah Al Muyassarah,</em></strong><strong> 1982), (</strong><strong><em>Mulakhos Qawaidul lughah</em></strong><strong>, tt), (</strong><strong><em>Jami'ud Durusil Lughatil Arabiyyah</em></strong><strong>, 1999), yaitu verba </strong><strong><em>madi</em></strong><strong>, </strong><strong><em>verba mudari’, </em></strong><strong>dan</strong><strong><em> verba amr</em></strong><strong>. Verba</strong><strong><em> ma:di</em></strong><strong> adalah verba yang menyatakan suatu tindakan pada saat sebelum berbicara; verba </strong><strong><em>muda:ri’</em></strong><strong> adalah verba yang menggambarkan tindakan pada saat berbicara dan akan datang, dan verba </strong><strong><em>amr</em></strong><strong> adalah verba yang memerintahkan orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu di masa depan. Penjelasan in didasarkan pada temporalitas peristiwa atau perbuatan dilihat dari pusat deiktis saat pengujaran. Jika kita mencoba untuk menganalisis secara mendalam dari paradigma ahli bahasa barat, kita akan mendapatkan pandangan lain tentang verba ini. Mereka menyimpulkan bahwa dua bentuk verba dalam bahasa Arab, yaitu </strong><strong><em>ma: di </em></strong><strong>dan</strong><strong><em> muda: ri’</em></strong><strong> mengacu pada aspektualitas, yang berfokus pada faktor non-deictic. Pada aspektualitas, yang dilihat adalah tindakan yang sempurna atau tidak sempurna bergantung waktu saat berbicara. Kedua pendapat yang berbeda tentang verba dalam tata bahasa Arab itulah yang akan menjadi masalah dasar untuk dikomparasikan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian akan menyajikan data dari berbagai jenis teks; dan akan menjadi bukti masing-masing paradigma.</strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstract</em><em> </em><strong><em>– </em></strong><strong>In literatures of Arabic grammar, there are three kinds of verb </strong><strong>(</strong><strong><em>An Nahwul Wadih</em></strong><strong>, tt) , (</strong><strong><em>Qawa’idul Lughatil Arabiyyah Al Muyassarah</em></strong><strong>, 1982), (</strong><strong><em>Mulakhos Qawaidul Lughah</em></strong><strong>, tt), </strong><strong><em>Jami’ud Durusil Lugha</em></strong><strong><em>til Arabiyyah</em></strong><strong><em>h</em></strong><strong>, 1999 ), </strong><strong>which are</strong><strong> p</strong><strong>erfect verb is the verb that express an action</strong><strong> </strong><strong>at the time before speaking</strong><strong>, i</strong><strong>mperfect verb is the verb that describe an action at the time of speaking and the future</strong><strong>, i</strong><strong>mperative verb is the verb that command others to do something at the future</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Those explanation are based on the temporality of the action take time. If we try to deeply analyze it from the west linguists paradigm, we will get another sight about these verbs. Actually, they conclude that arabic two verbs; <em>ma:di</em> and <em>muda:ri’</em> refer to aspectuality, which be able to get the verbs from non-deictic focus. It will be about perfect or imperfect action while the time takes place</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Those two different opinions about verbs in Arabic grammar will be the basic problem, that will be comparised in this research. This will present the data from many kinds of text; and it will be the proof of each paradigm.</strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> – Perfect verb, imperfect verb, tense, aspect, temporality of language.</em></p>
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Hairudin, Hairudin. "الإعراب: خصائصه ومشكلاته." Al-Lisan 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/al.v6i1.980.
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Since the beginning of the preparation of Arabic-style and Islamic nuanced science, I’rab has been in the forefront of getting serious attention among Muslim scientists and making it a pillar and foundation in Islamic sciences from various aspects. This is because I'rab has a really essential role in keeping Arabic fluency free from distortion and error, and I'rab will help readers understand religious and non-religious of Arabic texts. This study aims to explore the nature of the I’rab, its specifications, and its problems by focusing on the definition of the I’rab, its emergence, urgency, and its purpose, its correlation, the way of reading and interpretation. The study uses a descriptive method with a literature study that is characterized by inductive, inferential, and exploratory. The result of the study shows that Arabic is pivotal to learn so that Arabic observers avoid mistakes in speaking, especially after the assimilation of Arabic and non-Arab cultures. Furthermore, I’rab also has a crucial position, because it is a science of tools to understand the holy texts of the Qur’an and its interpretations. But unfortunately, not all linguists agree on I’rab’s existence
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Arsya, Fajriyani. "Kata-kata Serapan dalam Alquran Perspektif Ulama Tafsir." FUADUNA : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v3i1.2088.
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<p>One<em> of the issues debated </em><em>by Arab li</em><em>nguists and interpreter</em><em>s of the Quran is </em><em>whether all the words in the Koran come from native Arabic, or are there uptake words from foreign languages </em><em></em><em>used in the Koran. The analysis of linguists states that the absorption words in various languages </em><em></em><em>can arise due to geographical location, trade relations, immigration, politics, culture, economy, industry, and others. In the context of absorption words in the Koran the scholars are divided into three opinions, namely the group of scholars who reject the absorption of words in the Koran; Second, groups who believe that there are absorption words in the Koran; and third, which takes a middle ground with a view that the word uptake in the Koran has its specificities.</em></p>
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Antoon, Sinan. "Mahmud Darwish's Allegorical Critique of Oslo." Journal of Palestine Studies 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2002.31.2.66.
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The Palestinian poet Mahmud Darwish occupies a unique space in Arab culture and in the collective memory of Arabs as "the national poet of Palestine." This article provides a reading of one of Darwish's poems, "A Non-Linguistic Dispute with Imru' al-Qays," which was written after the signing of the 1993 Oslo Accord. The poem is read as an allegorical critique of Oslo and, at the same time, a retrospective contemplation of Darwish's own role in Palestinian politics, written in a style that displays Darwish's exceptional poetical skill and his masterly use of Arabo-Islamic history and mythology.
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Uyuni, Yuyun Rohmatul. "نشأة علم الصرف." ALQALAM 21, no. 102 (December 31, 2004): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v21i102.1652.
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Sejak penyebaran agama Islam, perkembangan studi bahasa Arab dan linguistik Arab dimulai pada abad ke-7 Masehi dengan tumpuan pada kajian kitab suci Al Qur'an. Kitab suci Al Qur'an merupakan konsep dasar pengembangan bahasa Arab yang fasih dan murni tanpa dicampuri lahn, dialekdialek non Arab, sehingga mendapat perhatian para linguis untuk mencoba melacaknya. Mengapa studi bahasa linguistik Arab berlangsung dalam terminologi bahasa Arab AI-Qur'an ? kemurnian bahasa Arab sebagai motif yang menjadi pendorong bagi ahli bahasa Arab untuk melahirkan suatu disiplin ilmu sharf yang menggeluti bidang leksikografi. Dipelopori oleh Mu'adz bin Muslim AI-Hira' sebagai pencetus pertama untuk melahirkan suatu disiplin ilmu sharf yang mempelajari bidang leksikografi bahasa Arab, melalui infleksi, deklinisi, derivasi leksikat atau kata. Infleksi dan verbum bahasa Arab berdasarkan sistem tiga bunyi konsonan sebagai akar. Umpamanya /ا, ر, ق/'membaca" menjadi /قرا/ ''ia telah membaca" dan /قراءة/ "bacaan" dan sebagainya. Puncak tata bahasa Arab terjadi pada akhir abad ke 8 atau awal abad 2 hijriyah yang terpusat di Basrah. Para linguis Arab di Basrah mendapat julukan kelompok aliran Basrah yang meletakan dasar yang kokoh akan kereguleran dan sistematisasi dari bahasa Arab sebagai alat tutur yang logis tentang fenomena dunia. Mereka sudah pasti mendapat pengaruh konsep analogi dari zaman Yunani. Disamping itu, ada pula satu kelompok linguistik Arab di Kuffah yang memberikan perhatian kepada keanekaragaman bahasa. Beberapa kelompok linguis Arab di Kuffah berkonsep anomah. Tulisan ini mencoba melirik tenang alasan-alasan timbulnya ilmu sharf sebagai disiplin ilmu tersendiri.
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Alian, Marwah, Arafat Awajan, Ahmad Al-Hasan, and Raeda Akuzhia. "Building Arabic Paraphrasing Benchmark based on Transformation Rules." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 4 (June 9, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446770.
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Measuring semantic similarity between short texts is an important task in many applications of natural language processing, such as paraphrasing identification. This process requires a benchmark of sentence pairs that are labeled by Arab linguists and considered a standard that can be used by researchers when evaluating their results. This research describes an Arabic paraphrasing benchmark to be a good standard for evaluation algorithms that are developed to measure semantic similarity for Arabic sentences to detect paraphrasing in the same language. The transformed sentences are in accordance with a set of rules for Arabic paraphrasing. These sentences are constructed from the words in the Arabic word semantic similarity dataset and from different Arabic books, educational texts, and lexicons. The proposed benchmark consists of 1,010 sentence pairs wherein each pair is tagged with scores determining semantic similarity and paraphrasing. The quality of the data is assessed using statistical analysis for the distribution of the sentences over the Arabic transformation rules and exploration through hierarchical clustering (HCL). Our exploration using HCL shows that the sentences in the proposed benchmark are grouped into 27 clusters representing different subjects. The inter-annotator agreement measures show a moderate agreement for the annotations of the graduate students and a poor reliability for the annotations of the undergraduate students.
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Rangkuti, Rahmadsyah, and S. Imtiaz Hasnain. "Indian Contribution to Language Sciences in Non-Western Tradition: With Reference to Arabic." International Journal of Culture and Art Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v1i1.449.
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Language study relates itself to both ontology and epistemology. Both ontological and epistemological investigations have been the subject of debate and discussion in different civilizations producing a number of grammatical traditions other than the West. Arab, China, India and the ancient Near East can also boast of language traditions of greater antiquity. In terms of richness of insight and comprehensiveness of scope, both India and the Arab compete on equal terms with the West, where each grew independently of the others and for the most part developed separately, drawing on the resources of the culture within which it grew. Hence, there is strong need to have a study of comparative grammatical theory to which Indian, Arabs and Chinese also belong, centring on the questions of: What has been the importance of these theories explanatory categories appear in historically unrelated linguistic theory, and if they do, why? This perspective would bring new dimension to the study of linguistic theory and would not remain at the level of redressing the overwhelming emphasis on the European tradition in the study of history of linguistics.
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القيسي, عبد المحسن. "قضية الاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف في النحو العربي (Quoting the hadith in Arabic Morphology), (Isu Penggunaan hadith Sebagai Cara IstishhÉd di Dalam Tatabahasa Arab (NaÍu))." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v7i2.148.
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ملخص البحث يدرس البحث قضية الحديث النبوي الشريف وأثره في إغناء اللغة العربية وإمدادها بأساليب تزيد من سعتها وثروتها وتساهم في تطورها ونشرها. وكذلك يقدم البحث أدلة على استشهاد العلماء في عصور مختلفة بالحديث النبوي الشريف، كما يناقش البحث آراء مانعي الاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف وإبطال حجتهم ومزاعمهم. وأظهر البحث بروز ثلاث فئات في التعامل مع إشكالية الاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف، فمنهم من جوّز الاستشهاد به، ومنهم من منعه، ومنهم من وقف موقف التوسّط. كما ينقل البحثُ قرارَ مجمع اللغة العربية في القاهرة القاضي بالاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف، ولكن بشروط معيّنة. وتبيّن نتيجة البحث والدراسة والمتابعة أن واضعي النحو الأولين كانوا يستشهدون بالأحاديث النبوية الشريفة ومن أولئك العلماء أبو العباس المبّرد، وأبو علي الفارسي، وابن خالويه، وأبو البركات الأنباري، وأبو جعفر النحاس، والزمخشري، وكل هؤلاء من مدرسة البصرة النحوية. وأما مدرسة الكوفة النحوية فيمثلها الكسائي، وأبو بكر بن الأنباري، والفرّاء وغيرهم. ولقد تمخضّ عن البحث نتيجةٌ مفادُها ضرورة إعطاء الأولوية للحديث الشريف في الاستشهاد، وجعله بالمرتبة الثانية بعد الاستشهاد بالقرآن الكريم ثم الاستشهاد بالشعر، حيث إنّ ذلك من الأهمية بمكان لتحديد معاني اللغة وضبطها. الكلمات الرئيسة: الحديث، النحو، الاستشهاد، اللغة العربية، الشعر. Abstract The research aims at studying the issue of the ÍadÊth and its impact in enriching the Arabic language by providing it with methods to strengthen its standing and resourcefulness thus contributing to its development and spread. It also provides evidence on the practice of prominent grammarians and linguists in different eras to quote from the ÍadÊth SharÊf, as it also discusses the opposing views of those who ruled out the ÍadÊth as a credible language source in order to revoke their arguments and claims. The study has traced the emergence of three groups in dealing with the issue of citing the ÍadÊth: some permitted it, some opposed and some took a middle position. The paper also discusses the decision of the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo to allow the citing of the ÍadÊth SharÊf as legitimate evidence to establish grammatical rules but subject to certain conditions. The result of the research and the follow-up study showed that the pioneering figures in Arabic grammar did cite from the ÍadÊth. Among them are AbË al-‘AbbÉs, al-Mubarrid, AbË ‘AlÊ al-FÉrisÊ, AbË al-BarakÉt al-AnbÉrÊ, AbË Ja‘afar al-NaÍÍÉs, al-ZamakhsharÊ, and all of them are from the School of Basran Grammar. As for the scholars of the Kufan School of Grammar, they were al-KisÉ’Ê, AbË Bakr bin al-AnbÉri, al-Farra’ and others. The outcome of the research suggests the need to give priority to cite ÍadÊth in establishing grammatical rules, and to make it in the second level after the Qur’Én, higher than the status of the Arabic poems in order to establish the language rules concerned. Key Words: HÉdÊth, Morphology, Quotation, Arabic Language, Poetry. Abstrak Penyelidikan ini bertujuan menyingkap isu ÍadÊs serta kesannya dalam memperkaya Bahasa Arab menjadikannya teguh dan kaya sumbernya sehinggakan ia dapat tersebar luas dan berkembang. Ia juga memberikan keterangan tentang amalan beberapa ahli tata bahasa terkemuka dan sarjana bahasa di era yang berbeza yang menjadikan ÍadÊs sharÊf sebagai sandaran hujahan pengkaedahan bahasa mereka. Kertas ini turut mengketengahkan pandangan yang menentang penghujahan dengan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran dan sumber yang kukuh dalam pengkaedahan bahasa dan hujah-hujah balasan yang menolak pandangan ini. Kajian ini berjaya menelusuri kemunculan tiga kategori pendapat dalam isu ini: pihak yang membenarkan, yang menentang dan beberapa yang lain mengambil jalan tengah. Makalah ini juga mengambil kira pendirian Akademi Bahasa Arab di Kaherah yang membolehkan pengambila dari ÍadÊs sebagai bukti yang sah untuk menetapkan peraturan tatabahasa dengan syarat-syarat tertentu. Daripada kajian ini dan kajian susulan yang dibuat, terdapat bukti bahawa tokoh perintis dalam tata bahasa Arab turut menjadikan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran mereka, di antara mereka ialah: AbË al-‘AbbÉs, al-Mubarrid, AbË ‘AlÊ al-FÉrisÊ, AbË al-BarakÉt al-AnbÉrÊ, AbË Ja‘afar al-NaÍÍÉs, al-ZamakhsharÊ yang kesemuanya adalah daripada Sekolah Pemikiran Tatabahasa Basrah. Manakala para sarjana daripada Sekolah Pemikiran Tatabahasa Kufah pula ialah al-KisÉ’Ê, AbË Bakr bin al-AnbÉri, Al-FarrÉ’. Dapatan kajian ini mencadangkan keperluan memberikan keutamaan untuk menjadikan ÍadÊs sebagai sandaran menetapkan peraturan tata bahasa, di tempat kedua selepas Al- Qur’Én, lebih tinggi daripada status puisi Arab dalam menetapkan peraturan-peraturan bahasa yang berkaitan. Kata Kunci: ×adÊth, Tatabahasa Arab (NaÍu), IstishhÉd, Bahasa Arab, Syair. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary - View detailed dictionary
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Moraru, Mirona. "“Arabic is the mother tongue of Islam”: Religion and the reproduction of Arabic among second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff, UK." Multilingua 38, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0093.
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Abstract Born and educated in the UK, with Arab parents and Muslims, second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff find themselves at the core of a complex web of power relations which potentiates their production of multilingual practices. However, while Cardiff is officially bilingual, English being the dominant language and Welsh becoming increasingly valuable, linguistic practices with Arabic are usually rendered illegitimate. In spite of this, British-Arabs produce, reproduce, and negotiate linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff. The present article employs Pierre Bourdieu’s model of linguistic production and circulation to analyse the oral linguistic biographies of six second-generation British-Arabs in Cardiff in order to understand the conditions which enable the production of such practices in Cardiff in spite of their illegitimacy. The main argument is that Islam complements the central role occupied by the family in the reproduction of linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff; the relationship between the symbolic value ascribed to Qur’anic Arabic, the institutionalised provision of Arabic literacy, and mainstream education functions as a mechanism which reproduces the symbolic value of linguistic practices with Arabic on specific linguistic submarkets in Cardiff.
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Luthfan, Muhammad Aqil, and Syamsul Hadi. "Morfologi Bahasa Arab: Reformulasi Sistem Derivasi dan Infleksi." Alsina : Journal of Arabic Studies 1, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/alsina.1.1.2599.
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Morphology, in the study of Arabic linguistics known as the discipline ‘ilm al-ṣarf, as part of grammar which examines the internal structure of words, has an urgency to be studied in depth. Especially in the context of Arabic studies that embrace typologies of complex inflective languages. This article examines the Arabic morphological system from a modern linguistic perspective, especially on derivational and inflectional changes. The discussion begins on the conception of derivation and inflection in the view of modern linguistics, as an introduction to see the system of derivation and inflection changes in Arabic linguistics. Morphological theories of Arabic grammars, in this article developed and communicated with modern linguistic theories. From this development a new formula was produced in the study of Arabic morphology which is expected to provide a more systematic description of the understanding of the Arabic morphological system.
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Balasubramanian, Chandrik, and Adel AbuRadwan. "New Englishes Norms: A Reality or an Intellectual Ideal?" Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol8iss3pp27-39.
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It is now widely accepted that English does not belong to the traditional native speaker countries such as the UK or the USA, and that English across the world has diversified and established roots in different parts of the world. Given this, studies have emerged, that focus on New Englishes being systems unto themselves, and not merely erroneous versions of more traditional “native” Englishes (Rajagopalan, 2012). Scholars today are calling for descriptions of New Englishes to form the bases of New English handbooks, which, they claim, could serve as pedagogical models. Linguists like Lange (2011) and Kachru (1994) and literary figures such as Salman Rushdie alike have called for the recognition of New Englishes to be accepted and used in order to better reflect the global nature of the language The aim of this study is to determine whether new international varieties of English are acceptable among language teachers. Specifically, the paper investigates how acceptable certain well-documented New Englishes structures are among English language professionals working at the tertiary level in the Arab world and North America. The results show that while participants are, in general, more tolerant of New English structures in students’ spoken forms than in both students and their own written forms, they stated that they would not use any of the structures in their own writing. Results also show that the respondents’ native language, specialization and educational qualifications are factors that impact their acceptance of these forms.
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König, Daniel G. "The Unkempt Heritage: On the Role of Latin in the Arabic-Islamic Sphere." Arabica 63, no. 5 (August 10, 2016): 419–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341414.
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As linguistic systems, Latin and Arabic have interacted for centuries. The article at hand aims at analysing the status of the Latin language in the Arab and Arabic-Islamic sphere. Starting out from the observation that Latin-Christian and Arabic-Islamic scholarship dedicated a very different degree of attention to the study of the respective ‘other’ language in the course of the centuries, the article traces the impact of Latin on an emerging Arabic language in Antiquity, provides an overview on the various references to Latin found in works of Arabic-Islamic scholarship produced in the medieval and modern periods, and provides an exhaustive list of Arabic translations of Latin texts. A description of the role played by Latin in the Arabic-speaking world of our times is followed by a discussion of several hypotheses that try to explain why Latin was rarely studied systematically in the Arabic-Islamic sphere before the twentieth century. Le latin et l’arabe, en tant que systèmes linguistiques, furent en interaction pendant des siècles. Le présent article a pour objectif d’analyser le statut de la langue latine dans le monde arabe et arabo-musulman. Partant de l’observation que les érudits latins chrétiens et arabo-musulmans se consacrèrent à différents degrés à l’étude de la langue de « l’Autre », l’article retrace l’impact du latin sur une langue arabe émergeant dans l’Antiquité, donne un aperçu des références à la langue latine dans les œuvres des érudits arabo-musulmans produites aux époques médiévale et moderne, et fournit une liste exhaustive des traductions des textes latins en arabe. Après avoir esquissé le statut actuel de la langue latine dans le monde arabophone de nos jours, l’article aborde plusieurs hypothèses qui essaient d’expliquer pourquoi le latin n’a guère été un objet d’études systématiques dans le monde arabo-musulman avant le xxe siècle. This article is in English.