Journal articles: 'Arabic and Hausa'

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Schuh, Russell G., and Lawan D. Yalwa. "Hausa." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23, no. 2 (December 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004886.

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The following description of Hausa is based on the variety of the language spoken in Kano, Nigeria. The sample text is transcribed from a recording of a male native of Kano in his late 30's. This variety of Hausa is considered “standard”. Though Kano is a large urban center with some internal variation in speech, the sound inventory is relatively homogeneous within the city and surrounding area. Kano Hausa is the variety most commonly heard on national and regional radio and television broadcasts in Nigeria as well as most international broadcasting, such as the BBC, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, and Voice of America. Kano Hausa is therefore familiar throughout the Hausa speaking areas of Nigeria as well as Hausa speaking communities in Niger, Ghana, and other areas outside northern Nigeria. Hausa has a standard orthography, in use since the 1930's and also based on the Kano variety. It is familiar to all Hausa speakers literate in the Romanized orthography. (Many Hausas are also literate in Arabic orthography, a variety of which has been used to write Hausa, probably for several centuries. The Arabic orthography for Hausa is less standardized than the Roman orthography and has little formally published literature.)

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Dobronravin, Nikolay. "‘Classical Hausa’ Glosses in a Nineteenth-Century Qur'anic Manuscript: A Case of ‘Translational Reading’ in Sudanic Africa?" Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15, no. 3 (October 2013): 84–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2013.0115.

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This article presents an analysis of Hausa glosses in a nineteenth-century Qur'anic manuscript (C1688) from the library of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St Petersburg, and argues that a systematic study of Arabic manuscripts with Hausa glosses is needed for a re-interpretation of early Hausa writings in Arabic script. The origins of the Hausa written tradition in Arabic script and the evolution of the concept ‘Ajami’ in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from ‘non-Arabic (language, culture, etc.)’ to ‘a variety of Arabic script adapted to African languages (with additional vowel-signs and diacritics)’ is discussed, and it is suggested that the frequency of the marginal notes ʿajam and ʿajamī used to mark non-Arabic glosses in Arabic manuscripts might depend on the linguistic properties of the manuscripts as well as sub-regional traditions of writing in Sudanic Africa. Hausa glosses in the St Petersburg manuscript – including nouns, adjectives, verbs and verbal constructions – are described in same detail. Special attention is paid to borrowings from Arabic and negative verbal constructions which are not attested in Hausa dialects and modern Standard Hausa. For the first time in Hausa studies, the shift in the meaning of the Hausa word shisshigi (from ‘acting tyrannically’ to ‘meddlesomeness’) is explored. The glosses are compared with the Arabic text of Tafsīr al-Jalālayn and two modern Hausa tafāsīr, those of Abubakar Mahmud Gumi and Nasiru Kabara. It is demonstrated that the Hausa glosses in the St Petersburg Qur'anic MS share a greater affinity with Kabara's tafsīr than with Gumi's translation, and, on this basis, suggested that the translational practices reflected in the St Petersburg manuscript and in Kabara's tafsīr might be linked with the Qādiriyya tradition of Arabic-Hausa ‘translational reading’.

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Zając, Patryk. "Function Words of Arabic Origin in Hausa." Annali Sezione Orientale 79, no. 1-2 (May 16, 2019): 18–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340070.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse Hausa function words of Arabic origin which act as grammatical elements within sentence structure. The twenty-one items identified in Hausa dictionaries as Arabic loans have been presented with reference to their grammatical status (nouns, particles, phrases) and function (co- and subordinators, prepositions). The descriptive features of the Arabic forms and their Hausa counterparts have been taken from reference grammars and verified contextually in regard to their functioning in sentences extracted from texts published on the BBC web-site. As a result, the function words of Arabic origin in Hausa were divided into groups according to their grammatic or pragmatic/stylistic functions. The analysis shows that the Hausa function words are result of contextual adaptation of the Arabic words to the Hausa grammar rather than simply lexical borrowings.

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Abdullah, Yaqub Alhaji. "Zawahiru Ta'tsiru al Lughah al Arabiyah fi al Lughah al Hausawiyyah." (الطموحات ) EL-THUMUHAT 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/elthumuhat.2019.vol2(1).2571.

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Arabic language is known as a language of Islam and the holy Quur’an.It is also a language of culture and civilization that provide the needs of its speakers at all levels and has over come the challenges of time. Arabic as a language has influenced different languages, especially the language of muslims in different part of the world. Hausa language is a clear example of such influence. Thus, this paper is an attempt to examine different aspect at which Arabic language has influence Hausa language. The inductive method was adopted in the research to draw examples and bring out similarities between the two languages. The findings of this paper therefore established that Hausa linguistic aspect that were influenced by Arabic language includes; aspect of some pronoun, formation of word, feminine gender and the usage of Arabic meter in composing Hausa poem. These affirmed the long term relationship between the two languages and confirmed the advancement of Arabic language.

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Abdulkadir, Hamzat Na'uzo. "Linguistic Diffusion in the Development of Hausa Language." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v2i1.196.

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The purpose of this paper is to prove that intercultural relationship and sufficient contact between Hausa and other languages result in linguistic diffusion or borrowing. The study adopts both the historical and descriptive survey research design, predicated on the need for a brief history of Hausa and the donor languages, and descriptive design to facilitate the use of secondary data generated from textbooks, theses, dissertations, seminar and conference papers. The study traces the location of Hausa people in order to vividly comprehend the nature of contact with the donor languages which effectively bears on the objective nature of the borrowed words. It is in this light that three types of language relationship emerged: genetic, typological and cultural. The intercultural relationship can be unidirectional (English and Hausa) or bi-directional (Hausa and Yoruba). The work provides concrete examples from Tuareg, Fulfulde, Kanuri, Yoruba, Nupe, Arabic and English languages to demonstrate the long contact with the Hausa language. The study finally observes suppressive interference on the structures of Hausa especially from Arabic and English, which have attained second language status in Hausa society, which, again, does not make the language lose its originality.

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Mainasara, Nasiru, Abdulhalim Mohammad, Abdulrauf Hassan, and Wan Muhammad Wan Sulong. "The Use of Arabic Loanwords in Teaching Writing Skills for Hausa Learners of Arabic." Humanities and Management Sciences - Scientific Journal of King Faisal University 22, no. 2 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37575/h/lng/0085.

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The educational curriculum requires improvement. As such, it is essential for educational designers to enhance it to address the challenges faced by the second language learners, in the hope of creating more effective teaching and learning environment. One of the modern techniques employed to improve the educational curriculum is the technique of using loanwords of Arabic for the teaching of second language. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of utilizing Arabic loanwords in the Hausa language to simplify the teaching of writing skill in Arabic as well as to collect feedback from student. To achieve this, the research was conducted with student from Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto. The results showed that the effectiveness of loanwords in the teaching was at a high level of significance. Hence, the study recommends employing the Arabic loanwords in teaching Arabic to the Hausa learners. It also recommends enhancing educational curriculum to include the Arabic loanwords, as well as training Arabic teachers on Strategies to employ the loanwords when teaching and learning.

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ALQAHTANI, MUFLEH, and Rebecca Musa. "Vowel Epenthesis in Arabic Loanwords in Hausa." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 2 (April 24, 2015): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i2.6442.

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Vowel epenthesis is discussed in this paper as a phonological process utilized to avoid codas in Arabic loanwords in Hausa language in light of Optimality Theory (OT), as an analytical framework, even though this language permits codas in heavy syllables of the form CVC (Caron, 2011). This process results in having disyllabic, trisyllabic, or qadri-syllabic words (words with four syllables) depending on the forms of Arabic loanwords as well as mono-syllabic words with final bi-consonant clusters. This study primarily relies on extant literature including theses, books, articles. Furthermore, the authors’ intuition is crucially deemed the judge on the facts of the data . This paper concludes that codas in Arabic loanwords in Hausa motivate vowel epenthesis either once or twice, depending on the forms of words; i.e. disyllabic or monosyllabic. Also, the number of vowel insertion depends on the number of consonants in the coda postion, i.e. /CVCC/→ vowel epenthesis→ [CVC.CV] or [CV.CV.CV].

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Eludiora, Safiriyu Ijiyemi, and Muhammad Auwal Abubakar. "A HINDU-ARABIC TO HAUSA NUMBER TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjoc.v6i1.11526.

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The invention of numeration system is regarded as one of the great accomplishments of man, as it greatly assist man in expressing his communication needs and also serve as an important tool in language pedagogy, historical linguistics, comparative study of African languages and computational linguistics. However, numeral system is reported to be an endangered area being identified in the use and study of language, and in no distant time, the traditional number system of the African indigenous counting systems may lose its contact with the new generation. This paper presents a Hindu-Arabic to Hausa number transcription system. Secondary data used was sourced from literature. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) was used to design the system. The system designed was implemented using Python programming language. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) evaluation approach was used to evaluate the implemented system. The result of the evaluation on Numbers with Single Representations (NSR), and Numbers with Multiple Representations (NMR) is based on three (3) metrics: syllable accuracy, orthography accuracy and syntax accuracy. The experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NSR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 40.1%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 62.8%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. Similarly, the experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NMR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 21.4%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 31.7%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. The system transcribes from 1 to 1-billion, and the expert response confirmed the accuracy of the output of the system developed. The study concluded that among others, the system developed is of great importance in the teaching and learning of the traditional Hausa counting system. Future work on contextual Hausa numeral system analysis is recommended.

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Kaye, Alan S., and Al-Amin Abu-Manga. "Hausa in the Sudan: Process of Adaptation to Arabic." Language 76, no. 4 (December 2000): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417250.

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Brigaglia, Andrea. "Tarbiya and Gnosis in Hausa Islamic Verse: Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir by Muḥammad Balarabe of Shellen (Adamawa, Nigeria)." Die Welt des Islams 58, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 272–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00583p02.

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Abstract This paper contains a transliteration in Latin script, an English translation and an analysis of Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir (“The Cleansing Soap”), a poem on tarbiya (spiritual training) and ma‘rifa (gnosis) originally written in the Hausa language using Arabic script by Muḥammad Balarabe (d. 1967) of Shellen, in Adamawa, Nigeria. Balarabe was a Sufi of the Tijāniyya order affiliated to the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa of the Senegalese Ibrāhīm Niasse (d. 1975). In style and content, Balarabe’s poem serves as a corrective to some of the observations on Hausa Sufi poetry made by Mervyn Hiskett in his classic 1975 monograph. Drawing attention to the philosophical background of the poem (a dense web of doctrines that integrates Akbarī Sufism and Aš‘arī theology), the paper also suggests that some of the generalizations made by Hiskett in a 1980 article on the Hausa literature produced by the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa are in need of revision.1

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Ogunnaike, Oludamini, and Mohammed Rustom. "Islam in English." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v36i2.590.

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The Quranic revelation had a tremendous impact upon the societies, art, and thought of the various peoples with whom it came into contact. But perhaps nowhere is this influence as evident as in the domain of language, the very medium of the revelation. First, the Arabic language itself was radically and irrevocably altered by the manifestation of the Quran.3 Then, as the language of the divine revelation, Quranic Arabic exerted a wide-ranging influence upon the thought and language of speakers of Persian, Turkish, numerous South and South-East Asian languages, and West and East African languages such as Hausa and Swahili.

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Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka. "“Oya let’s go to Nigeria”." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 26, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 370–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20026.unu.

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Abstract This paper examines five bilingual pragmatic markers: oya, ke, ni, walahi, and ba, loaned from indigenous Nigerian languages into Nigerian English, with a view to investigating their sources, meanings, frequencies, spelling stability, positions, collocational patterns and discourse-pragmatic functions. The data for the study were obtained from the International Corpus of English-Nigeria and the Nigerian component of the Global Web-based English corpus. These were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, using the theory of pragmatic borrowing. The results show that oya, ke, and ni are borrowed from Yoruba, walahi is loaned from Arabic through Hausa and Yoruba while ba is borrowed from Hausa. Oya serves as an attention marker, ke and ni function as emphasis markers, walahi serves as an emphatic manner of speaking marker while ba functions as an attention marker and agreement-seeking marker. The study highlights the influence of indigenous Nigerian languages on the discourse-pragmatic features of Nigerian English.

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Mahmoud-Mukadam, Abdur-Rasheed, and Abdulwahid Aliy Adebisi. "Language Borrowing between Arabic and Yoruba Language." Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature 2, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v2i1.7386.

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Arabic Language is characterized by a great deal of influence that has made a profound impact on the rest of the world's languages, whether socially, culturally, religiously or economically. This language is specific to the Holy Quran, which has a higher constitution that Muslim takes from the laws of religion. Islam does not solve a place except it takes with language of its Arabic provisions. This article sheds light on some of the words borrowed by Yorba from Arabic in its various forms, of which there is no change in the image of pronunciation and what has undergone some change and distortion. The approach envisaged in this article is inductive, thus contributing in one way or another to supporting some scientific and historical facts in this area of borrowing. The results of this article is that language of the world is estimated relative to the world's speakers by 6.6% and the largest languages that borrow some others words in the corridors of life. Yorba, the language of southern Nigeria, and one of the three most famous tribal languages (Hausa, Yorba, Ibo) and which also has many of the speakers borrows many from Arabic.

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Mack, Beverly. "“This Will (Not) Be Handled by the Press:” Problems—and Their Solution—in Preparing Camera-Ready Copy for The Collected Works of Nana Asma'u, 1793–1864." History in Africa 25 (1998): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172186.

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In 1990 Jean Boyd and I began work on an edition of the works of Nana Asma'u. If not a trail of tears, finishing this proved at least to be an odyssey, taking two or three times as long as we had optimistically anticipated. In hopes of making it easier for others to be more realistic, we provide a brief account of this sojourn.Adam Jones, and especially, Knut Vikør, have provided extensive guidelines for scholars working with Arabic manuscripts and preparing them for camera ready copy. Most of the technology they describe is suited to use with Macintosh PCs, and for a long time it has been Macintosh users who have been best able to deal with Arabic script and Arabic diacriticals in the transliterated form. The comments offered here reflect experience with a PC using WP 5.2 in DOS beginning in 1990. At the time, the massive size of our collection—and the need to reproduce Arabic, Hausa, and Fulfulde in WP 5.2—meant that we faced a different set of problems than those considered by others in the field using Macintoshes. Without an upgrade to WP 6.1 Windows very late in the process, this project could not have been completed satisfactorily.

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Owens, Jonathan. "Processing the world piece by piece: Iconicity, lexical insertion, and possessives in Nigerian Arabic codeswitching." Language Variation and Change 14, no. 2 (July 2002): 173–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394502142025.

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Nigerian Arabic has two structures for coding N + N relations: one in which the properties of the possessed noun are severely constrained and one in which the possessed and possessor nouns allow a full complement of modifiers. Similar to the methodology of Poplack and her collaborators (e.g., Sankoff, Poplack, & Vanniarajan, 1990), a normative distribution of nouns in the two possessive structures is established based on a corpus of monolingual (non-codeswitched) Nigerian Arabic texts. In a corpus of codeswitched texts, the distribution of English lexical insertions is found to deviate markedly from these normative patterns. The notion of iconicity is invoked to explain the skewed insertional patterns. It is hypothesized on the basis of various psycholinguistic studies that insertions from English are harder to access than are native lexemes. To compensate for slower access time, speakers match these insertions with the possessive structure that requires a minimal amount of manipulation for rapid embedding. This, it is shown, is the less iconic of the two possessive constructions. What emerges is a distinctive pattern of possessives characteristic of codeswitched Nigerian Arabic. After briefly testing the iconicity hypothesis against insertional patterns in Hausa and Standard Arabic, two other languages well attested in the codeswitched corpus, the question is addressed as to whether the codeswitched variety represents a code unto itself.

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Chamo, Isa Yusuf. "The use of address forms among Faculty academic staff of Bayero University, Kano." STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES, no. 53 (December 15, 2019): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/salc53.1.

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This paper investigates the use of address forms among the academic staff of the Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies at the Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The aim is to find out whether there is variation in the use of the terms between the members of academic staff of the Faculty which has six Departments (Arabic, English, History, Islamic Studies and Sharia, Nigerian Languages, Linguistics and Foreign Languages). An ethnography research method and the Variationist Sociolinguistics Theory are used to collect and analyze the data. Following the findings, three address forms are presented in more detail, namely titles, nicknames, and kinship terms. Special attention is put to the title Malam, which originally referred to a teacher or a person versed in Islamic knowledge, but nowadays is used more commonly than any other type of address forms. The research shows that age, gender, social status, degree of intimacy, and context of communication determine the use of the address forms among academic staff. The findings reveal that the staff members of the Faculty favor traditional address terms which are used in Hausa society rather than the terms corresponding to their professional rank. In addition, these address forms are culture specific and the dominant culture is Hausa.

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Duffill, M. B. "Hausa Poems as Sources for Social and Economic History, II." History in Africa 16 (1989): 97–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171780.

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In the following commentary on three Hausa poems presented in Part I of this essay, I attempt to analyze each poem, paying greatest attention to Wakar Talauci da Wadata. First I take up the matter of the dating of the poem from internal evidence and follow that with some general observations on the problems and methods involved in the analysis. The detailed commentary on Wakar Talauci da Wadata follows, divided into four sections: an examination of the objective conditions of poverty and wealth as they are presented in the poem; a discussion of the subjective evaluation of the condition of poverty and the condition of wealth, as Darho observed it among the Hausa; an examination of the way in which women are represented in the poem; and a discussion of the proposition that there are contradictions in the poem itself and in the social position of the poet. After discussing Wakar Madugu Yahaya and Wakar Abinda, I try to place Wakar Talauci da Wadata in the comparative context of several Western European literary products and one Arabic. The object of this excursus is to show that in the literature of other cultures, more or less distant in both time and space, there have been concerns and preoccupations that are essentially the same as those that occupied the mind of Darho.Unlike the 1903 version of the poem used by Pilaszewicz and Tahir/Goody, the version from the Mischlich collection is undated, but there is internal evidence to suggest that the poem was composed no earlier than 1874/75 and probably between 1896 and 1910.

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Hunwick, John. "A Historical Whodunit: The So-Called “Kano Chronicle” and its Place in the Historiography of Kano." History in Africa 21 (1994): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171883.

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Murray Last obliquely suggests that [the “Kano Chronicle”] is best regarded as a rather free compilation of local legends and traditions drafted in the mid-seventeenth century by a humorous Muslim rationalist who almost seems to have studied under Levi-Strauss.The danger lies in being carried away by one's own ingenuity.The question of the authorship and date(s) of writing of the so-called “Kano Chronicle” (KC) and hence how historians should evaluate it as a source, have intrigued students of Kano (and wider Hausa) history since the work was first translated into English by H. R. Palmer in 1908. Palmer himself had the following to say:The manuscript is of no great age, and must on internal evidence have been written during the latter part of the decade 1883-1893; but it probably represents some earlier record which has now perished….The authorship is unknown, and it is very difficult to make a guess. On the one hand the general style of the composition is quite unlike the “note” struck by the sons of Dan Hodio [ʿUthmān b. Fūdī, Abdulahi and Muḥammad Bello, and imitated by other Fulani writers. There is almost complete absence of bias or partizanship…. On the other hand, the style of the Arabic is not at all like that usually found in the compositions of Hausa mallams of the present day; there are not nearly enough “classical tags” so to speak, in it…. That the author was thoroughly au fait with the Kano dialect of Hausa is evident from several phrases used in the book, for instance “ba râyi ba” used in a sense peculiar to Kano of “perforce.” The original may perhaps have been written by some stranger from the north who settled in Kano, and collected the stories of former kings handed down by oral tradition.

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TERNA-ABAH, Martha Nguemo. "The Patterns of Nonstandard English Words Used in the Written Communication of Selected Students of Higher Institutions in Kaduna State." Nile Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v1i1.39.

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This paper examines the patterns of nonstandard English words used in the written communication of selected students of institutions of higher learning in Kaduna State. It looks at the variability of the English language with regards to standard and nonstandard English and their various sub varieties. The paper which is limited to nonstandard lexical items thus identifies and extracts these items from students’ answers to examination questions and thereafter examines their patterns of occurrence. Based on the identified nonstandard words, the author discovers that these lexical items take the following patterns: the shorthand associated with the language of Short Message Services (SMS), English slang, Nigerian Pidgin, code-mixing of non-English words from Hausa, Arabic and Yoruba with Standard English expressions, contracted forms of English words and finally, abbreviations. The author draws a conclusion after discussing these patterns in details with ample examples.

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Waliaula, Ken Walibora. "The Afterlife of Oyono's Houseboy in the Swahili Schools Market: To Be or Not to Be Faithful to the Original." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 1 (January 2013): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.178.

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Africa, the world's second-largest continent, speaks over two thousand languages but rarely translates itself. it is no wonder, therefore, that Ferdinand Oyono's francophone African classic Une vie de boy (1956), translated into at least twelve European and Asian languages, exists in only one African translation—that is, if we consider as non-African Oyono's original French and the English, Arabic, and Portuguese into which it was translated. Since 1963, when Obi Wali stated in his essay “The Dead End of African Literature” that African literature in English and French was “a clear contradiction, and a false proposition,” like “Italian literature in Hausa” (14), the question of the language of African literature has animated debate. Two decades later, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o restated Wali's contention, asserting that European languages led to African “spiritual subjugation” (9). Ngũgĩ argued strongly that African literature should be written in African languages. On the other hand, Chinua Achebe defended European languages, maintaining that they could “carry the weight of African experience” (62).

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Brigaglia, Andrea. "Sufi Poetry in Twentieth-Century Nigeria." Journal of Sufi Studies 6, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 190–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105956-12341302.

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Abstract This article presents the translation and analysis of two poems (the first in Arabic, the second in Hausa) authored by one of the most famous twentieth-century Islamic scholars and Tijānī Sufis of Kano (Nigeria), Abū Bakr al-ʿAtīq b. Khiḍr (1909–74). As examples of two genres of Sufi poetry that are rather unusual in West Africa (the khamriyya or wine ode and the ghazal or love ode), these poems are important literary and religious documents. From the literary point of view, they are vivid testimonies of the vibrancy of the Sufi qaṣīda tradition in West Africa, and of the capacity of local authors to move across its various genres. From the religious point of view, they show the degree to which the West African Sufis mastered the Sufi tradition, both as a set of spiritual practices and techniques and as a set of linguistic tools to speak of the inner.

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Halimatusa’diah, Halimatusa’diah. "PERANAN MODAL KULTURAL DAN STRUKTURAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA DI BALI." Harmoni 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v17i1.207.

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Ahmadiyah events in Cikeusik, Shia in Sampang, until the case of Tanjung Balai, are various events of intolerance that often color the reality of our plural society. However, in some other areas with its diverse community, as in Bali, we can find a society that is able to maintain harmony among its diverse peoples and live side by side. This study aims to describe various factors that support inter-religious harmony in Bali. This review is important to overcome the various religious conflicts that occurred in Indonesia, as well as how to create harmony among religious followers. Using a qualitative approach, this study found that the creation of tolerance and harmony among religious believers in Bali, in addition influenced by historical model, also because Bali has a strong cultural capital and structural capital. Cultural capital in the form of local wisdom that is still maintained and also the harmony agents such as guardians of tradition and FKUB also play a major role in maintaining and creating harmony among religious followers in Bali G M T Detect language Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Sesotho Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Sesotho Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Text-to-speech function is limited to 200 characters Options : History : Feedback : Donate Close

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Gensler, Orin D. "Verbs With Two Object Suffixes." Diachronica 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 231–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.2.03gen.

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SUMMARY Although verbs in Semitic routinely take a single pronominal Object-suffix, only Arabic, Ethiopic, and Akkadian allow (rarely) two cooccurrent Obj-suf-fixes (he.gives-me-it). This paper examines the rare Semitic double Obj-suffix phenomenon in its larger Afroasiatic context, comparing it to the double Obj-clitic constructions found in Egyptian, Berber, and Hausa. Significant commonalities exist. In all these languages the ordering of morphemes is V-IObj-DObj; in most, the IObj marker is 'heavy', i.e., composed of a language-specific augment adjoined to a common, near-reconstructible pronominal core; and the heavy IObj occurs closer to the V than does the light DObj. This is demonstrably idiosyncratic behavior. A global typological survey reveals that V-IObj-DObj is not a particularly favored order universally, and that heavy-before-light ordering is quite unusual. Further, the Afroasiatic V-IObj-DObj order is empirically shown to be characteristic of the oldest attested strata of the various languages, hence an archaism. These factors make independent parallel development maximally unlikely, and argue for reconstructing a double Object-clitic construction to (pre-)Proto-Semitic. RÉSUMÉ Bien que le verbe admette couramment un seul suffixe-objet dans les langues sémitiques, on ne trouve simultanément (à titre de rareté) deux suffixes-objet qu'en arabe, en éthiopien, et en akkadien (ex.: il.donne-me-le). Cet article traite de cette rareté sémitique, à savoir la construction à suffixe-objet double, dans son contexte afro-asiatique plus large, en la comparant aux constructions à clitique-objet double de l'égyptien, du berbère, et du haoussa. Toutes ces langues montrent entre elles des parallèles frappants. L'ordre des morphèmes y est toujours V-ObjI-ObjD; dans la plupart d'entre elles le morphème d'ObjI est 'lourd', c.-à-d. composé d'un augment spécifique à chaque langue particulière joint à un noyau pronominal semi-reconstructible; et 1'ObjI 'lourd' est situé plus près du thème verbale que ne 1'est l'ObjD 'léger'. Cet état de choses est manifestement idiosyncratique. Un aperçu typologique global met en évidence que l'order V-ObjI-ObjD n'est pas particulièrement favorisé parmi les langues du monde, et que l'ordre lourd-avant-léger est très rare. En outre, l'ordre V-ObjI-ObjD de l'afro-asiatique se révèle caractéristique des couches les plus vieilles des langues en question, donc un archaïsme. Ces considérations rendent peu probable un développement parallèle indépendant, et soutiennent la reconstruction à un stade (pré)protosémitique d'un syntagme à clitique-objet double. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Obschon Verben mit einem Objektsuffix im Semitischen als Normalfall gelten, können im Arabischen, Àthiopischen, und Akkadischen, wenngleich selten, zwei Objektsuffixe gleichzeitig auftreten (er.gibt-mir-es). In diesem Auf-satz wird dieses ungewöhnliche semitische Phänomen von Doppelsuffixen in einem breiteren afroasiatischen Zusammenhang betrachtet und mit den Dop-pelklitikkonstruktionen des Àgyptischen, Berberischen, und Hausa verglichen. Dabei zeigen sich Ûbereinstimmungen in wesentlichen Punkten. In alien ge-nannten Sprachen gilt die Morphemreihenfolge V-IObj-DObj; in den meisten ist der IObj-Markierer 'schwer', insofern als er aus einem für die jeweilige Ein-zelsprache spezifischen Augment und einem alien Sprachen gemeinsamen, meist rekonstruierbaren pronominalen Kern besteht; das 'schwere' IObj steht näher am Verbstamm als das 'leichte' DObj. Dieses Verhalten läßt sich als eigenartig nachweisen, denn eine global-typologische Untersuchung hat ge-zeigt, da6 in den Sprachen der Welt die Reihenfolge V-IObj-DObj nicht die be-vorzugte und da8 die Reihenfolge V-Schwer-Leicht sogar äußerst selten ist. Zudem ist, wie im Aufsatz dargelegt, die afroasiatische Reihenfolge V-IObj-DObj ausgerechnet in den ältesten jeweiligen Sprachstufen zu finden: somit ein Archaismus. All diese Faktoren lassen eine unabhängige Parallelentwicklung unwahrscheinlich erscheinen, sie bilden vielmehr Argumente fur die Annahme von einer Doppelklitikkonstruktion im (Prä-)Protosemitischen.

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El-Gilany, Abdel-Hady, Ebrahim Shady, and Randa Helal. "Exclusive Breastfeeding in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Breastfeeding Medicine 6, no. 4 (August 2011): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2010.0085.

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Ismaeel, Dina Ahmed, and Ahlam Mohammed Al-Abdullatif. "The Impact of an Interactive Virtual Museum on Students’ Attitudes Toward Cultural Heritage Education in the Region of Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 11, no. 04 (April 5, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i04.5300.

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The goal of this study was to investigate students’ views of the interactive Virtual Museum of Al Hassa Cultural Heritage. In this context, a study was carried out during the second semester of the 2014–2015 school year among sixth-grade elementary school students in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. After participating in an interactive virtual museum, 118 students answered a questionnaire after the teaching intervention. SPSS v.21 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that students had a positive attitude toward the use of an interactive virtual museum in cultural heritage education. The results support the inclusion of cultural heritage in the social studies curricula in K–12 education in Saudi Arabia in order to raise awareness and knowledge of national heritage. The results also confirmed the views of experts regarding the importance and the value of virtual museums as a method for effective learning about cultural heritage.

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Wahdah, Nurul. "TATHAWWUR MU’TAQADĀT AL-THULLĀB HAULA TA’ALLUM AL-LUGHAH FI BARNĀMAJ DAURAH AL-LUGHAH AL-ARABIYYAH AL-MUKATSTSAFAH ‘ABR AL-JINSI WA AL-KHALFIYĀTI AL-TARBAWIYYAH: DIRĀSAH MAQTA’IYYAH WA THŪLIYYAH." Al Mi'yar: Jurnal Ilmiah Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/am.v4i1.536.

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This study aims to investigate the development of students’ beliefs about learning Arabic in Intensive Arabic Course program at IAIN Palangka Raya across the educational backgrounds and gender. This study used a quantitative research approach by combining cross sectional and longitudinal research types. There are 214 (two hundred and fourteen) new students in Academic Year 2019 at IAIN Palangka Raya as participants of the study. Data were analyzed by using mean, independent sample test and ANOVA. The results showed that 1) the new students studying in the intensive Arabic course program had a strong belief about Arabic learning 2) there was no statistically significant difference between the students belief about Arabic learning across gender and the educational backgrounds at the beginning of the Intensive Arabic Course meeting, 3) there was no statistically significant difference between the students’ beliefs about Arabic learning across the educational backgrounds and the gender after the end of the Intensive Arabic course program, 4) there was no statistically significant difference in development of students' belief about learning Arabic between the beginning and the end of the Intensive Arabic Course program. Keywords: Arabic, beliefs about language learning, course, development

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Alsultan, Musaed Abdulaziz, Mohamed Ali Alhammadi, and Maged Gomaa Hemida. "Infectious bronchitis virus from chickens in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia 2015-2016." March-2019 12, no. 3 (March 2019): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.424-433.

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Aim: This study aimed to isolate some of the currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains from some broiler chicken farms in Al-Hasa and to do some molecular characteristics of these strains. Materials and Methods: We collected 300 tissue specimens, including the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and kidneys from some four commercial chicken farms showing respiratory manifestations. We tested these tissue specimens by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel-based PCR. We selected some PCR positive samples for isolation in the embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). We sequenced some PCR-positive samples and conducted phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences. Results: Our molecular surveillance revealed that 31.6% of the tested specimens were IBV positive by PCR. We selected some positive specimens showing low Ct values by the qRT-PCR for virus isolation by the ECE. The infected eggs showed hemorrhage, dwarfing, and death in some cases after three passages in the ECE. We sequenced some of the positive PCR specimens and used the obtained sequences to draw the phylogenetic tree based on the partial IBV-ORF-1a, N, and S1 gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the IBV-N and S1 gene sequences showed that the circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa during 2016 was showing a high degree of identity to some strains from Taiwan and Italy. Meanwhile, the grouping of these strains based on the IBV-S1 sequences revealed that the currently circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa belonged to Gr.I.7 along with strains from Taiwan. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the continuous circulation of the IBV among the chicken population in Al-Hasa despite the intensive application of vaccines against this virus.

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Murdan, Murdan. "Pesantren’s Traditions in Preparing Human Resources (Santri) at Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai Pesantren." Ta'dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 25, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/td.v25i2.6738.

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This study aimed to know what traditions were developed by Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai Pesantren in preparing human resources (santri). This study used field research which was done by observing pesantren’s traditions in preparing human resources (santri) at Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai pesantren in preparing human resources (santri). The qualitative approach was used in this study. Then, the data obtained from the interview, observation, and documentation. While, the data sources were from foundation management, the head of pesantren, administrators, ustadz and ustadzah. The result of this study showed that the sciences and skills field were developed at pesantren. Science field covered writing book, reading yellow book, studying Nahwu and Sharaf, and vocabuary memorizing (English and Arabic). While skills field covered foreign language conversation (Arabic and English), reading Maulid, pilgrimage, muhadharah, memorizing Al-Qur’an, memorizing prayers of arwah, haul, and selamat, Haula tradition and calligraphy.

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Al-Kahtani, Mohammed A., Ashraf M. Youssef, and Adel A. Fathi. "Ecological Studies on Al-Khadoud Spring, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 1, 2007): 4063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.4063.4068.

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El-Gilany, Abdel Hady, Adel El-Wehady, and Aly El-Hawary. "Maternal employment and maternity care in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 13, no. 3 (January 2008): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625180802185080.

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Al-Taher and Abdulla Ahmed. "Estimation of potential evapotranspiration in Al-Hassa oasis, Saudi Arabia." GeoJournal 26, no. 3 (March 1992): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02629817.

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Child, C. Allan. "Some Pycnogonida from the Eastern (Hasa) District of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Natural History 36, no. 15 (October 2002): 1805–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930110075189.

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A. Al-Naee, Ahmed. "Evaluation of Groundwater of Al-Hassa Oasis, Eastern Region Saudi Arabia." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 624–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2011.624.642.

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El-Gilany, Abdel-Hady, Adel El-Wehady, and Mostafa Amr. "Violence Against Primary Health Care Workers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25, no. 4 (June 3, 2009): 716–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260509334395.

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El-Gilany, A. H., M. Amr, and R. Iqbal. "Students' Attitudes Toward Psychiatry at Al-Hassa Medical College, Saudi Arabia." Academic Psychiatry 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.34.1.71.

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AL KAYED, Murad. "A relevance-theoretic approach to the discourse marker hasa ‘now’ in jordanian arabic." Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi 17, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17263/jlls.904089.

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Amin, Tarek, Hatem Hablas, and Ahmed AlAbd Al Qader. "Determinants of Initiation and Exclusivity of Breastfeeding in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Breastfeeding Medicine 6, no. 2 (April 2011): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2010.0018.

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Akkad, Adnan A. "Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Agricultural Development in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia." GeoJournal 20, no. 3 (March 1990): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00642991.

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., M. A. Al-Fredan, and A. A. Fathi . "Preliminary Survey of Edaphic algae in Al-Hasa Region, Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 1, 2007): 3210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.3210.3214.

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Reynolds, Tim. "Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?" Libyan Studies 49 (October 16, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2018.5.

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AbstractRecent work has shown early modern human occupation at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dating as far back as MIS 9 (337–300 Ka). Such early dates double the period in which modern humans were present in North Africa, with implications for several key debates on modern human origins and subsequent spread. Routes across a ‘Green Sahara’ allowed population movement intermittently from sub-Saharan Africa and across the Saharan region in general. This has implications for the debate about the timing and routes of modern human expansion across and out of Africa, but also has the effect of focusing discussion on the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and even Arabia for evidence of human behaviour and adaptations. This may be unfortunate as the record for much of the vast area of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia is extremely limited and the more detailed record of the Levantine region is overlooked. Work at the Haua Fteah and in its surrounding region (Cyrenaican Libya) provides an opportunity to investigate how far the Palaeolithic record for this part of North Africa is, in fact, a product of trans-Saharan, North African or Levantine, influences. The genetic evidence suggests the process of modern human expansion out of Africa, and just as importantly within Africa itself, was a complex one that may have involved population movements into and out of North Africa from several different directions. A concentration upon the Green Sahara hypothesis may distract current research from this broader picture.

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El-Gilany, A. H., B. Sarraf, and A. Al-Wehady. "Factors associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding in Al-Hassa province, Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2012.18.3.250.

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Fathi, A. A., M. A. Al-Fredan, and A. M. Youssef. "Water Quality and Phytoplankton Communities in Lake Al-Asfar, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2009.504.513.

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Fathi, Adel A., and Mohammed A. Al-Kahtan. "Water Quality and Planktonic Communities in Al-Khadoud Spring, Al-Hassa,Saudi Arabia." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.434.443.

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Aljumayan, AfnanAli, AnfalAli Aljumayan, and ZahraMadan Alhadad. "Knowledge and attitude Of women toward contraception at in Al hassa –Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2016): 2337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/1728.

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Laditan, Adewale Ayodele, Mohamed Amin El-Agib, Saad Al-Naeem, Michael Georgeos, and Sameera Khabour. "ß-Thalassemia Major: Experience at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 16, no. 5 (September 1996): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1996.560.

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Al Mulhim, Khalifa. "Pregnancy in Sickle Cell Disease in the Al Hassa Region of Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 20, no. 5-6 (September 2000): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2000.471.

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Al-Suliman, Ahmad. "Prevalence of β-thalassemia trait in premarital screening in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 2006): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2006.14.

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Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Hamdan Ibrahim Al-Mohammed, Feroze Kaliyadan, and Balghonaim Salah Mohammed. "Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia: Epidemiological trends from 2000 to 2010." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 2013): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60116-9.

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Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Mostafa Abdel Monem Amr, Burhan Omar Zaza, and Feroze Kaliyadan. "Predictors of Waterpipe Smoking Among Secondary School Adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 19, no. 3 (June 5, 2011): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9169-2.

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Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Mostafa Abdel Monhem Amr, and Burhan Omar Zaza. "Psychosocial predictors of smoking among secondary school students in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 34, no. 5 (February 1, 2011): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9319-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabic and Hausa'

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