Academic literature on the topic 'Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries"
1
Yahya, Dhiauddin. "The Use of Dictionaries in Teaching Arabic language: A Descriptive Analytical Research paper on the Procedures of using Dictionaries in the Islamic Institutions in Aceh- Indonesia." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 3, no. 1 (2023): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.3.1.16.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at: 1- Knowing the types of dictionaries in Arabic language, 2- Knowing the mostly used dictionarie at the Islamic institution in Aceh, and 3- showing how to use dictionaries in teaching Arabic language at the Islamic institutions in Aceh. The applied is the qualitative descriptive analytical approach is adopted.The paper concludes that dictionaries are divided according to subjects into three categories: linguistic, encyclopedic and historic dictionaries. According to the languages used, dictionaries are classified into Unilingual, bilingual and multilingual dictionaries. According to their subjects, dictionaries are classified into General, and special dictionaries and according to arrangement they are classified into alphabetic and subject dictionaries. As for form, they are classified into paper dictionaries and digital dictionaries.
2
Nassar, Mahmoud Mamdouh Baker, Akram Idrees Mohammad Al-Ashqar, and Mohammad Ali Abedalqader Shatanawi. "A Comparative Study of Arabic Motion Verbs to their English Counterparts." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 9 (2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.9.22.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines some semantics aspects of Arabic motion verbs compared to their English counterparts. Although both languages belong to different remote families, both languages share some common features about Motion especially on the idea of locomotors vs. non-locomotors (translative and non-translative movement). A lexically-semantic comparison is drawn between motion verbs in both languages in terms of suggested semantic components such as Motion itself, Manner, Directionality, Path, Fictive, and Motion. The researchers used resources such as encyclopedias, library references books specially Mu’jam Lisan AL-Arab, Al-Mu'jam Al-Waseet, English dictionaries specially Oxford, Webster, and Longman, web sites to collect data of motion verbs under discussion. The paper concludes that the semantics components of Arabic verbs are quite similar to their English counterparts, but Arabic verbs differ greatly from English verbs in the notions that can be lexicalized.
3
Al Qaisiya, Fatima, and Rajai Rasheed Al-Khanji. "Examining the Usefulness of Medical Bilingual Dictionaries for Translation Purposes." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 6 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i6.15723.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at examining the effectiveness of four medical bilingual English-Arabic dictionaries for translational purposes. This is done by investigating the provided information used in the presentation of a number of medical words in the examined dictionaries. The results reveal an inconsistency in the presentation of the selected words in the dictionaries; which might be correlated to the lack of provision policies given by the compilers of the dictionaries. Moreover, an inadequacy in the provision of semantic, pragmatic, and encyclopedic information was noticed which would be inadequate for translational purposes. However, it was found that the Unified Medical dictionary covered more types of information like the provision of encyclopedic illustrations and pictorial illustration.
4
ÖLKER, Gökhan. "TURKISH-GREEK VERSE DICTIONARY SERIES II: TUHFE-I RUMÎ." Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 54 (June 13, 2022): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21563/sutad.1130127.
Full textAbstract:
The works that best reflect the vocabulary of the language are undoubtedly dictionaries. Lexicography, which is accepted as a branch of science, is a branch of science that aims to reveal the vocabulary of a language or various languages comparatively in the form of a dictionary, and shows the ways of application by putting methods for this purpose. Today, a wide variety of dictionaries are prepared for different purposes. While some of these dictionaries, such as "reverse syntax dictionaries", are more recent to be prepared, the history of encyclopedic dictionaries such as "Divanu Lugati't-Türk" dates back to older times. Verse grammar books and dictionaries have been found since the eleventh century. The first examples of verse dictionaries in the Anatolian field are Arabic-Persian and were written in the 14th century. Due to many reasons, especially political and demographic factors, Greek was undoubtedly the language in which the most written material was produced after Arabic and Persian as a foreign language in the Ottoman state. There are plenty of examples from all kinds of written products: newspapers, magazines, textbooks, dictionaries, etc. These are Tuhfe-i Rumi, Tuhfetu'l-Uşşak, Tuhfe-i Vehbi, Lugat-i Nuriye and Hafız İbrahim Lugati. In this study, we will give information about the Turkish-Greek verse dictionary called Tuhfe-i Rumî, of which we have identified three copies so far, and we will reveal the text publication by examining the features of the work.
5
Sidad Anwar Mohammed, Prof Dr. "Molière dans les dictionnaires de littérature française Moliere in the dictionaries of French literature." لارك 3, no. 46 (2022): 9–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol3.iss46.2538.
Full textAbstract:
Molière is considered the most famous genius of French theater and of French comedy in particular. Nothing predisposed Jean-Baptiste Poquelin to become a man of the theater: neither his birth in 1622 into a bourgeois family, whose father held the office of upholsterer to the king; nor his studies at the Jesuit college, then law in Orleans, if not the eagerness and enthusiasm he has for this literary genre. At a time dominated by religious fanaticism and marked by the classical order, Moliere wanted to immerse his audience in entertainment and laughter. Among his priorities was to create a balance between the pressures of life and what the human soul needs. Indeed, with his ingenuity and wit, Moliere managed to win the appeal and support of the public by addressing the fundamental problems of society and trying to criticize them with a reformist ideology.
 Founder of «The Illustrious Theater", Moliere distinguished himself by his prolific theatrical production. He wrote more than thirty comic plays, the most famous of which are: Tartuffe, The Miser, The doctor despite Himself, The Misanthrope, Wise women, Dom Juan and The imaginary sick. He was the writer closest to King Louis XIV.
 Our study is based on the receptive approach, which is part of the trinity: the writer, the literary work and the reader. The receiving relationship is direct with the reader. When the writer finishes his book and publishes it, this process is equivalent to the loss of the work, that is to say, the book leaves the private and enters the social domain. Thus, it will be exposed to many different readings and subjected to varied, even sometimes contradictory points of view. In this case, the role of the reader is essential and sometimes goes beyond that of the writer: the writer writes, but the reception of what he writes varies from one reading to another and from one era to another.
 The research problem calls for an answer to the reception of Moliere in dictionaries of French literature and to the reasons for his worldwide fame from the point of view of article writers.
 This study is divided into three parts. The first studies the reasons for the theatrical debut of Moliere, who hoped to become a famous lawyer or succeed his father in the profession of upholsterer. The second deals with the characteristics of Moliere's comedy, its most striking themes and the characters in its plays. While the third sheds light on the reasons for Moliere's fame and universality.
 The results of the study show that Moliere's fame comes mainly from his strong attachment to the theater, so his fame came from his love and affection for the theater. The subjects he covered, the characters and the tongue-in-cheek style played an important role in his worldwide fame. His goal of reforming his society came to justify his means of expression.
 This study, “The reception of Moliere in dictionaries of French literature”, is considered the preliminary to a second study dealing with the reception of Moliere in Arabic dictionaries and encyclopedias.
6
Hanaoka, Mimi. "The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri an the Islamic Encyclopedic Tradition." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.482.
Full textAbstract:
Elias Muhanna’s The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri and the Islamic Ency- clopedic Tradition is an erudite, scrupulously researched, and eminently readable book that marks a significant contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Muhanna successfully analyzes—over the course of 232 pages with almost a dozen images and as many tables—the monumental, 31-volume encyclopedic compendium that consists of over two million words, titled Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition), composed by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī, an Egyptian bureaucrat and scholar, during the early fourteenth century. Muhanna’s goals are to consider why al-Nuwayrī composed his ambi- tious work; to analyze the disciplines al-Nuwayrī’s work encompassed and the models, sources, and methods that guided its composition; and to trace its reception among al-Nuwayrī’s contemporaries as well as its later recep- tion in Europe and the Islamicate world. Centering these questions on The Ultimate Ambition, Muhanna analyzes Arabic encyclopedism, a phenom- enon that reached its zenith in Egypt and Syria during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Muhanna challenges the argument that the rise in encyclopedism re- flected anxiety about the Mongol invasions and fears about the obliteration of civilization’s knowledge and heritage. He instead argues that encyclope- dists such as al-Nuwayrī were motivated by various factors, “chief among them the feeling of an overcrowding of authoritative knowledge in Cairo and Damascus, the great school cities of the empire” (3) which, coupled with the expansion of higher education and the migration patterns of scholars in West and Central Asia, meant that there were “new texts available for study and prompting the formation of new genres and knowledge practices” (3). The story of al-Nuwayrī is, thus, a story about the production, reception, and transmission of knowledge. Muhanna’s primary raconteurs are schol- ars of Mamluk history and historiography, Islamicate literature, and studies in the transmission of knowledge, including T. Bauer, J. Berkey, A. Blair, M. Chamberlain, L. Guo, K. Hirschler, H. Kilpatrick, D. Little, L. Northrup, C. Petry, J. Schmidt, M. van Berkel, and G. van Gelder. The World in a Book is both sweeping and specific, and it considers al-Nuwayrī’s compendium directly—not merely as a source to reconstruct Mamluk history—and assesses why encyclopedism surged during the thir- teenth through fifteenth centuries. Amongst the genres of medieval Arabic Islamicate literature to which scholars have directed their attention during the past several decades—such as adab, poetry, mirrors for princes, histo- ries, chronicles, hadith collections, and pilgrimage manuals—relatively few have studied Arabic encyclopedism. Chapter 1, “Encyclopedism in the Mamluk Empire,” explores why al-Nuwayrī compiled his work. Muhanna offers a useful distinction be- tween “encyclopedism and encyclopedia” (pp. 11-13) and grounds his ap- proach in encyclopedism, which is the idea that there is a “spectrum…upon which we might situate a variety of works belonging to different premodern genres and possessing different principles of order, structure, focus, agen- da, audience, and modes of reading” (12). The merit of this approach is that it casts a wider, less restrictive net, since “reading these texts as tokens of a similar knowledge practice rather than members of a common genre per- mits us to see the continuities between strategies of knowledge-ordering that cut across different bibliographical categories” (12). Given the fluc- tuating and complex notions of genre—the genre of medieval Arabic and Persian tārīkh, for example, encompasses a heterogeneous variety of texts, from local histories, chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and often some combination of all of the above—encyclopedism is a compelling conceptual approach to this body of literatures. Muhanna argues that while al-Nuwayrī himself situated his work within the tradition of adab, his inspirations and sources belonged to other genres, which lead to the rise of this hybrid genre of encyclopedism. Al-Nuwayrī was an esteemed copyist who directly ad- dressed the scribal arts in The Ultimate Ambition, which “both described the expectations of the scribe and provided the content of his education: it styled itself as an encyclopedic guide for an encyclopedic education” (21). Chapter 2, “Structures of Knowledge,” offers a 30,000ft view of al-Nu- wayrī’s work, including its arrangement, structure, and overall composi- tion, and compares it to other Mamluk encyclopedic texts and to earlier adab works. This chapter is particularly useful to scholars who want an introduction into The Ultimate Ambition and Arabic encyclopedism, which Muhanna argues was itself a mélange of other extant genres: the work is “not recognizably a literary anthology, a cosmographical compendium, a chronicle, a pharmacopia, or a scribal manual, but an amalgam of all of these genres” (49). Chapter 3, “Sources of Knowledge,” contextualizes al-Nuwayrī’s com- pendium by situating it within the scholarly milieu of centers of learning within the Mamluk Empire, particularly Cairo and Damascus, during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. By situating al-Nuwayrī within the Nā- siriyya madrasa in Cairo and the intellectual, familial, and professional connections he cultivated and from which he benefitted, the author brings a granular depth to al-Nuwayrī and his work. This chapter is of particular interest to scholars of the production and circulation of knowledge. In Chapter 4, “Encyclopedism and Empire,” Muhanna turns to the im- perial and administrative scaffolding of the Mamluk Empire. The author argues that since compilers like al-Nuwayrī were part of the Mamluk bu- reaucracy, they “were particularly attuned to the processes of centralization and consolidation that transformed the politics of their time (4),” and wrote for an audience that reflected the nexus between literary encyclopedism and the imperial Mamluk state. Muhanna considers administrative knowl- edge and scholarly knowledge as separate but related spheres, arguing that “gathering vast quantities of information, collating sources, and synthe- sizing diverse types of knowledge represented the core activities of both the administrator and the large-scale compiler… a career in bureaucracy helped develop the skills of archiving and itemization that any compiler would have possessed…What set the two domains apart, however, was a difference in the types of knowledge that were valued. The world of admin- istration was one of contemporary, mutable information” (104). Muhanna’s more important argument in this chapter, however, is his claim about the unique position of Mamluk bureaucrats to be curators of knowledge and practices in the Mamluk Empire. He argues, “The common thread uniting the diverse professionals that comprised the administra- tion…was the importance attached to gathering data in the service of the state… By virtue of their access to demographic, financial, historical, and legal materials about the empire’s subjects, institutions, and communities, the bureaucratic class was in a unique position to shape the politics of their day in a manner that no other professional group could achieve” (104). As a bureaucrat-turned-scholar and an expert copyist, al-Nuwayrī embodied the related spheres of knowledge gathering, organization, and transmission in Mamluk Cairo. Chapter 5, “Working Methods,” delves into the manuscript tradition and reconstructs the composition history of al-Nuwayrī’s work. Muhanna addresses the strategies of collation, edition, and the management of sourc- es involved in the production of large compilations during the Mamluk period. The Chapter 6, “The Reception of the Ultimate Ambition,” addresses the literary afterlife of al-Nuwayrī’s work by discussing its reception in the Islamicate world and in Europe, with particular attention to the Dutch re- ception. By considering reception history of al-Nuwayrī’s work, Muhanna’s brief but engaging final chapter considers the impact of Mamluk encyclo- pedism in shaping the way Islamicate thought was perceived both within Europe and the Islamicate world. Muhanna’s appendices will prove valuable to scholars. “Appendix A: The Contents of the Ultimate Ambition” is extremely useful for those who do not share Muhanna’s patience to delve into the 31-volume work itself. In Appendix B, Muhanna compares the tables of contents of the two editions of The Ultimate Ambition: that of the standard Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya edition, which was begun in 1923 but only completed in 1997, which is dif- ficult to access; and the more recent Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya edition, pub- lished in Beirut in 2004, which is more widely available. The 11 figures that Muhanna intersperses throughout his book are attractive additions to his work, but it is the 13 tables that showcase Muhanna’s service to organize, divide, and categorize the sources, focusing primarily on al-Nuwayrī’s Ulti- mate Ambition itself. Some of these tables include: identifying The Ultimate Ambition’s chapter word counts for the Cairo and Beirut editions; outlining the arrangement of seven classical adab encyclopedias; and identifying and listing the sources of The Ultimate Ambition in its books 1, 3, and 4. These are valuable sources that the author has produced to help scholars and stu- dents make better sense and use of al-Nuwayrī’s massive tome. The World in a Book is a valuable contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Specialists will benefit most from this work, but its excellent readability makes it a valuable volume for graduate and undergraduate students as well as those interested in the production of knowledge in the Middle East more broadly.
 Mimi HanaokaAssociate Professor of Religious StudiesUniversity of Richmond
7
Hanaoka, Mimi. "The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri an the Islamic Encyclopedic Tradition." American Journal of Islam and Society 35, no. 3 (2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i3.482.
Full textAbstract:
Elias Muhanna’s The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri and the Islamic Ency- clopedic Tradition is an erudite, scrupulously researched, and eminently readable book that marks a significant contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Muhanna successfully analyzes—over the course of 232 pages with almost a dozen images and as many tables—the monumental, 31-volume encyclopedic compendium that consists of over two million words, titled Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition), composed by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī, an Egyptian bureaucrat and scholar, during the early fourteenth century. Muhanna’s goals are to consider why al-Nuwayrī composed his ambi- tious work; to analyze the disciplines al-Nuwayrī’s work encompassed and the models, sources, and methods that guided its composition; and to trace its reception among al-Nuwayrī’s contemporaries as well as its later recep- tion in Europe and the Islamicate world. Centering these questions on The Ultimate Ambition, Muhanna analyzes Arabic encyclopedism, a phenom- enon that reached its zenith in Egypt and Syria during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Muhanna challenges the argument that the rise in encyclopedism re- flected anxiety about the Mongol invasions and fears about the obliteration of civilization’s knowledge and heritage. He instead argues that encyclope- dists such as al-Nuwayrī were motivated by various factors, “chief among them the feeling of an overcrowding of authoritative knowledge in Cairo and Damascus, the great school cities of the empire” (3) which, coupled with the expansion of higher education and the migration patterns of scholars in West and Central Asia, meant that there were “new texts available for study and prompting the formation of new genres and knowledge practices” (3). The story of al-Nuwayrī is, thus, a story about the production, reception, and transmission of knowledge. Muhanna’s primary raconteurs are schol- ars of Mamluk history and historiography, Islamicate literature, and studies in the transmission of knowledge, including T. Bauer, J. Berkey, A. Blair, M. Chamberlain, L. Guo, K. Hirschler, H. Kilpatrick, D. Little, L. Northrup, C. Petry, J. Schmidt, M. van Berkel, and G. van Gelder. The World in a Book is both sweeping and specific, and it considers al-Nuwayrī’s compendium directly—not merely as a source to reconstruct Mamluk history—and assesses why encyclopedism surged during the thir- teenth through fifteenth centuries. Amongst the genres of medieval Arabic Islamicate literature to which scholars have directed their attention during the past several decades—such as adab, poetry, mirrors for princes, histo- ries, chronicles, hadith collections, and pilgrimage manuals—relatively few have studied Arabic encyclopedism. Chapter 1, “Encyclopedism in the Mamluk Empire,” explores why al-Nuwayrī compiled his work. Muhanna offers a useful distinction be- tween “encyclopedism and encyclopedia” (pp. 11-13) and grounds his ap- proach in encyclopedism, which is the idea that there is a “spectrum…upon which we might situate a variety of works belonging to different premodern genres and possessing different principles of order, structure, focus, agen- da, audience, and modes of reading” (12). The merit of this approach is that it casts a wider, less restrictive net, since “reading these texts as tokens of a similar knowledge practice rather than members of a common genre per- mits us to see the continuities between strategies of knowledge-ordering that cut across different bibliographical categories” (12). Given the fluc- tuating and complex notions of genre—the genre of medieval Arabic and Persian tārīkh, for example, encompasses a heterogeneous variety of texts, from local histories, chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and often some combination of all of the above—encyclopedism is a compelling conceptual approach to this body of literatures. Muhanna argues that while al-Nuwayrī himself situated his work within the tradition of adab, his inspirations and sources belonged to other genres, which lead to the rise of this hybrid genre of encyclopedism. Al-Nuwayrī was an esteemed copyist who directly ad- dressed the scribal arts in The Ultimate Ambition, which “both described the expectations of the scribe and provided the content of his education: it styled itself as an encyclopedic guide for an encyclopedic education” (21). Chapter 2, “Structures of Knowledge,” offers a 30,000ft view of al-Nu- wayrī’s work, including its arrangement, structure, and overall composi- tion, and compares it to other Mamluk encyclopedic texts and to earlier adab works. This chapter is particularly useful to scholars who want an introduction into The Ultimate Ambition and Arabic encyclopedism, which Muhanna argues was itself a mélange of other extant genres: the work is “not recognizably a literary anthology, a cosmographical compendium, a chronicle, a pharmacopia, or a scribal manual, but an amalgam of all of these genres” (49). Chapter 3, “Sources of Knowledge,” contextualizes al-Nuwayrī’s com- pendium by situating it within the scholarly milieu of centers of learning within the Mamluk Empire, particularly Cairo and Damascus, during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. By situating al-Nuwayrī within the Nā- siriyya madrasa in Cairo and the intellectual, familial, and professional connections he cultivated and from which he benefitted, the author brings a granular depth to al-Nuwayrī and his work. This chapter is of particular interest to scholars of the production and circulation of knowledge. In Chapter 4, “Encyclopedism and Empire,” Muhanna turns to the im- perial and administrative scaffolding of the Mamluk Empire. The author argues that since compilers like al-Nuwayrī were part of the Mamluk bu- reaucracy, they “were particularly attuned to the processes of centralization and consolidation that transformed the politics of their time (4),” and wrote for an audience that reflected the nexus between literary encyclopedism and the imperial Mamluk state. Muhanna considers administrative knowl- edge and scholarly knowledge as separate but related spheres, arguing that “gathering vast quantities of information, collating sources, and synthe- sizing diverse types of knowledge represented the core activities of both the administrator and the large-scale compiler… a career in bureaucracy helped develop the skills of archiving and itemization that any compiler would have possessed…What set the two domains apart, however, was a difference in the types of knowledge that were valued. The world of admin- istration was one of contemporary, mutable information” (104). Muhanna’s more important argument in this chapter, however, is his claim about the unique position of Mamluk bureaucrats to be curators of knowledge and practices in the Mamluk Empire. He argues, “The common thread uniting the diverse professionals that comprised the administra- tion…was the importance attached to gathering data in the service of the state… By virtue of their access to demographic, financial, historical, and legal materials about the empire’s subjects, institutions, and communities, the bureaucratic class was in a unique position to shape the politics of their day in a manner that no other professional group could achieve” (104). As a bureaucrat-turned-scholar and an expert copyist, al-Nuwayrī embodied the related spheres of knowledge gathering, organization, and transmission in Mamluk Cairo. Chapter 5, “Working Methods,” delves into the manuscript tradition and reconstructs the composition history of al-Nuwayrī’s work. Muhanna addresses the strategies of collation, edition, and the management of sourc- es involved in the production of large compilations during the Mamluk period. The Chapter 6, “The Reception of the Ultimate Ambition,” addresses the literary afterlife of al-Nuwayrī’s work by discussing its reception in the Islamicate world and in Europe, with particular attention to the Dutch re- ception. By considering reception history of al-Nuwayrī’s work, Muhanna’s brief but engaging final chapter considers the impact of Mamluk encyclo- pedism in shaping the way Islamicate thought was perceived both within Europe and the Islamicate world. Muhanna’s appendices will prove valuable to scholars. “Appendix A: The Contents of the Ultimate Ambition” is extremely useful for those who do not share Muhanna’s patience to delve into the 31-volume work itself. In Appendix B, Muhanna compares the tables of contents of the two editions of The Ultimate Ambition: that of the standard Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya edition, which was begun in 1923 but only completed in 1997, which is dif- ficult to access; and the more recent Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya edition, pub- lished in Beirut in 2004, which is more widely available. The 11 figures that Muhanna intersperses throughout his book are attractive additions to his work, but it is the 13 tables that showcase Muhanna’s service to organize, divide, and categorize the sources, focusing primarily on al-Nuwayrī’s Ulti- mate Ambition itself. Some of these tables include: identifying The Ultimate Ambition’s chapter word counts for the Cairo and Beirut editions; outlining the arrangement of seven classical adab encyclopedias; and identifying and listing the sources of The Ultimate Ambition in its books 1, 3, and 4. These are valuable sources that the author has produced to help scholars and stu- dents make better sense and use of al-Nuwayrī’s massive tome. The World in a Book is a valuable contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Specialists will benefit most from this work, but its excellent readability makes it a valuable volume for graduate and undergraduate students as well as those interested in the production of knowledge in the Middle East more broadly.
 Mimi HanaokaAssociate Professor of Religious StudiesUniversity of Richmond
8
Khodjaeva`, Rano Umarovna. "The Role Of The Central Asians In The Socio-Political And Cultural Life Of Mamluk Egypt." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 10 (2020): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue10-38.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the strengthening of the Turkic factor in Egypt after the Mamluk Emirs, natives from the Khwarezm, Turkmen and Kipchak tribes, who came to power in the second half of the XIII century. The influence of the Turkic factor affected all aspects of life in Egypt. Under the leadership of the Turkic Emirs, the Egyptians defeated the crusaders who invaded Egypt in 1248. This defeat of the 7th crusade marked the beginning of the General collapse of the Crusades. Another crushing defeat of the Mamluks led by Sultan Kutuz caused the Mongols, stopping their victorious March through the Arab world. As a result of these brilliant victories, Egypt under the first Mamluk Sultans turned into a fairly strong state, which developed agriculture, irrigation, and foreign trade. The article also examines the factors contributing to the transformation of Egypt in the 13-14th centuries in the center of Muslim culture after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate. Scientists from all over the Muslim world came to Egypt, educational institutions-madrassas were intensively built, and Muslim encyclopedias were created that absorbed the knowledge gained in various Sciences (geography, history, philology, astronomy, mathematics, etc.). Scholars from Khwarezm, the Golden Horde, Azerbaijan, and other Turkic-speaking regions along with Arab scholars taught hadith, logic, oratory, fiqh, and other Muslim Sciences in the famous madrassas of Egypt. In Mamluk Egypt, there was a great interest in the Turkic languages, especially the Oguz-Kipchak dialect. Arabic and Turkic philologists write special works on the vocabulary and grammar of the Turkic languages, and compile Arabic-Turkic dictionaries. In Egypt, a whole layer of artistic Turkic-language literature was created that has survived to the present day. The famous poet Saif Sarayi, who came from the lower reaches of the Syr Darya river in Mawaraunnahr was considered to be its founder. He wrote in Chigatai (old Uzbek) language and is recognized a poet who stands at the origins of Uzbek literature. In addition to his known the names of eight Turkish-speaking poets, most of whom have nisba “al-Khwarizmi”. Notable changes occurred in Arabic literature itself, especially after the decline of Palace Abbasid poetry. There is a convergence of literature with folk art, under the influence of which the poetic genres, such as “zazhal”, “mavval”, “muvashshah”, etc. emerge in the Egyptian poetry. In Mamluk Egypt, the genre of “adaba” is rapidly developing, aimed at bringing up and enlightening the good-natured Muslim in a popular scientific form. The works of “adaba” contained a large amount of poetic and folklore material from rivayats and hikayats, which makes it possible to have a more complete understanding of medieval Arabic literature in general. Unfortunately, the culture, including the fiction of the Mamluk period of Egypt, has been little studied, as well as the influence of the Turkic factor on the cultural and social life of the Egyptians. The Turkic influence is felt in the military and household vocabulary, the introduction of new rituals, court etiquette, changing the criteria for evaluating beauty, in food, clothing, etc. Natives of the Turkic regions, former slaves, historical figures such as the Sultan Shajarat ad-Durr, Mamluk sultans as Kutuz and Beybars became national heroes of the Egyptian people. Folk novels-Sirs were written about their deeds. And in modern times, their names are not forgotten. Prominent Egyptian writers have dedicated their historical novels to them, streets have been named after them, monuments have been erected to them, and series and TV shows dedicated to them are still shown on national television. This article for the first time examines some aspects of the influence of the Turkic factor on the cultural life of Mamluk Egypt and highlights some unknown pages of cultural relations between Egypt and Mawaraunnahr.
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Costa, Roger Vinícius da Silva. "Dictionaries and encyclopedias of suicide." Domínios de Lingu@gem 17 (November 21, 2023): e1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/dlv17a2023-57.
Full textAbstract:
There are some studies that analyze definitions of the term “suicide” in academic works, as well as in generalist dictionaries and encyclopedias in several languages, but there still seems to be no investigation focused on specialized dictionaries and encyclopedias (SDEs) on this topic. Hence the general objective of this study was to describe the suicide SDEs available in the literature. To accomplish this purpose, a basic, quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, bibliographical and documental method was used. The 12 criteria proposed by John Humbley in 2018 for the analysis of SDEs were determined as the main theoretical foundation. From 2017 to 2022, through an integrative review in 6 languages and 4 databases, 8 SDEs were excluded. The 4 included ones were 2 dictionaries and 2 encyclopedias published between 2003 and 2016, 3 in English and 1 in Spanish. One of the most relevant findings was the fact that the SDEs examined try to address the various aspects of this object, instead of adopting a reductionist perspective. However, as only 4 books were analyzed, it was not possible to identify a clear pattern about all 12 criteria and all 4 sources. For example, it is not known which terms would be more feasible to include in a work of this nature nor the optimal way to predicate them. Even so, this paper is a relevant contribution to the studies on language and suicide, providing elements for the evolution of dictionaries and encyclopedias specialized on this binomial.
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Features Submission, Haworth Continuing. "Chapter 1: Subject Dictionaries and Encyclopedias." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 5, no. 3-4 (1987): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v05n03_12.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries"
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Mphahlele, Motlokwe Clifford. "A model to achieve communicative equivalence in translation dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52088.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries often do not satisfy the requirements of the dictionary users because
they contain a relatively small percentage of articles displaying absolute equivalence between
the source and the target language. This impedes the users from retrieving the required
information. Communicative equivalence is a relation holding between source and target
language entries in translation dictionaries. A translation equivalent should not be seen as a
statement about the meaning of the lemma, but it should be regarded as an item that
represents the target language and can be used to translate a specific occurrence of the
source language item. If semantic and communicative equivalence do not hold between the
source and the target language dictionary users will not be able to use the target language
successfully. Instead of achieving communicative equivalence, the dictionary user is confused
and ends up using language in an unacceptable way. Relying on translation dictionaries to
improve their language skills and to learn more about the target language, dictionary users
often come across haphazardly arranged articles in dictionaries that do not lead to
communicative equivalence. In this case, the dictionary users are confused and end up using
language in an unacceptable way.
This thesis explores and investigates different ways to achieve communicative equivalence in
translation dictionaries. The research formulates some of the needed guidelines for the
lexicographers of translation dictionaries. It intends to assist lexicographers to compile useroriented
translation dictionaries that can foster multilingualism amongst the dictionary users.
As a result of this research, lexicographers will be able to compile translation dictionaries that
will assist dictionary users to achieve communicative success. These dictionaries will
establish semantic and communicative resemblance between the source and the target
language forms. As a lexicographic problem, communicative equivalence is being addressed
in the thesis and the researcher aims to make lexicographers aware of the mistakes in
translation dictionaries. The objective of the thesis is to help lexicographers with the
compilation of dictionaries where the users can achieve an optimal retrieval of information.
The research focuses on metalexicographic issues in order to enhance the quality of practical
lexicography. By doing so both the practical and theoretical lexicography can benefit from this
research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke voldoen dikwels nie aan die behoeftes van hulle gebruikers nie
omdat hulle Onbeperkte aantal artikels bevat met absolute ekwivalensie tussen bron- en
doeltaal. Dit weerhou die gebruikers daarvan om die verlangde inligting te onttrek.
Kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie is onverhouding tussen die bron- en doeltaalinskrywings in
vertalende woordeboeke. OnVertaalekwivalent moet nie beskou word as Onuitspraak oor die
betekenis van die lemma nie maar dit moet gesien word as Onitem wat die doeltaal
verteenwoordig en wat gebruik kan word om onbepaalde optrede van die brontaalvorm te
vertaal. As semantiese en kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie nie tussen bron- en doeltaal
bestaan nie sal woordeboekgebruikers nie daartoe in staat wees om die doeltaal suksesvol te
gebruik nie. In stede daarvan om kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie te behaal, is die gebruiker
verward en gebruik hy taal op Ononaanvaarbare manier. Wanneer woordeboekgebruikers op
vertalende woordeboeke staatmaak om hulle taalgebruik te verbeter en meer oor die doeltaal
te leer, vind hulle dikwels arbitrêr geordende artikels in woordeboeke wat nie tot
kommunikatiewe ekwivalendie lei nie. Dit verwar gebruikers en lei tot foutiewe taalgebruik.
Hierdie tesis ondersoek verskillende maniere waarop kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie in
vertalende woordeboeke bereik kan word. Die navorsing lei tot die formulering van sommige
riglyne wat nodig is vir die opstellers van vertalende woordeboeke. Dit poog om leksikograwe
te help om gebruikersgerigte woordeboeke saam te stel wat veeltaligheid tussen die
gebruikers kan bevorder. As gevolg van hierdie navorsing sal leksikograwe daartoe in staat
wees om vertalende woordeboeke saam te stel wat gebruikers kan help om kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie te bereik. Hierdie woordeboeke salon semantiese en kommunikatiewe
ooreenkoms tussen bron- en doeltaalvorme vestig. In hierdie tesis word kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie as Onleksikografiese probleem behandel en die navorser poog om leksikograwe
bewus te maak van foute in vertalende woordeboeke. Die mikpunt van hierdie tesis is om
leksikograwe te help met die samestelling van woordeboeke waar gebruikers onoptimale
inligtingsherwinning kan behaal. Die navorsing fokus op metaleksikografiese aangeleenthede
ter wille van Onverhoging in die gehalte van die praktiese leksikografie. Sodoende kan sowel
die teoretiese as die praktiese leksikografie by hierdie navorsing baat vind.
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Mongwe, Mkomati John. "The role of the South African national lexicography units in the planning and compilation of multifunctional bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2177.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>In my research I will comment on the development of the national lexicography units in South Africa, following the establishment of the eleven official languages in South Africa in the post-apartheid society. I will also outline the weaknesses that exist in the traditional dictionaries to ensure limited mistakes in the lexicographic sector. I strongly believe that bilingual dictionaries in a multilingual society like South Africa, especially printed dictionaries, will play a great role in the African society as there is a shortage of reference sources, to assist translators in the development of our languages.
The research will also advocate society to fight the major challenges faced by the national lexicography units in South Africa and other countries. I hope that with the research people will become aware of the necessity of using a dictionary at all times and that dictionaries are not only used for professional purposes by academics and highly qualified people, but can also be used for pleasure.
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Wilson, Robert E. "A dictionary of acquisition and contracting terms." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA245803.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Lamm, David V. Second Reader: Fitzgerald, David M. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Air Force, Contract Administration, Students, Dictionaries, Theses, California, Regulations, Delphi Techniques, Acquisition, Ohio. DTIC Identifier(s): Acquisition, Contracting Term Dictionary, Dictionary, Definitions. Author(s) subject terms: Acquisition and Contracting Term Dictionary, Dictionary, Definitions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119). Also available in print.
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Beyer, Herman Louis. "'n Metaleksikografiese ondersoek na konteksleiding in Afrikaanse vertalende woordeboeke /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1214.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>This study reports on a metalexicographical investigation into contextual guidance in Afrikaans
translation dictionaries. The problem that gives rise to the need for such an investigation is
demonstrated from a practical perspective, after which attention is paid to determining the genuine
purpose of a dictionary by looking at the component parts of the concept, i.e. the typological
placement and the target user group of the dictionary in question. The discussion of the target user
group evolves into an in-depth look at the user aspect, which results in the development and
presentation of the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries. This model
aims to provide a scientific description of lexicographical user friendliness. Existing proposed
definitions of the genuine purpose of a dictionary coupled with the benefit of insights derived from
the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries make the presentation of a
new definition of the genuine purpose of a (translation) dictionary possible, which is followed by
defining a polyfunctional translation dictionary for Southern Africa. Attention is also paid to some
macrostructural issues pertaining to standard translation dictionaries, among others vertical and
horizontal alphabetical macrostructures and niching and nesting as manifestations of horizontal
alphabetical macrostructures. With regard to nesting, the classification of first and second level
nesting is expanded by the description of third and fourth level nesting. The influence of the
organisation plan and the dictionary conceptualisation plan on the selection of lexical items for the
macrostructure of a standard dictionary is touched upon. An in-depth evaluation of contextual
guidance in Afrikaans standard translation dictionaries follows the exposition of the rationale for it
and the definitions of the terms context, contextualisation and contextual guidance. The discussion
produces the identification of the types of contextualising entries, among others meaning
explanations, lexicographical labels and glosses, which fall under the main class of discriminators
and which in turn functions alongside the main classes of cotext entries and inserted texts. Each
type and subtype is studied meticulously, and distribution structures are determined and evaluated
through the study of dictionary data. The study of the data also results in the identification of
different levels of contextualisation as well as different types of translation equivalent paradigms.
The discussion of lexicographical labels takes on the form of a critical overview of the existing
literature on this topic and results in the presentation of a new and scientifically sounder model for
the description of labelling in dictionaries in general, i.e. the deixis model. The study of
contextualising entries is followed by a discussion of certain elements of the composition of
dictionary articles that can support successful contextual guidance, i.e. types of microstructures and
the rapid internal access structure. The in-depth study of contextualisation makes the revision of the
definition for the term contextualising entry possible. Ultimately a practical model for more effective contextual guidance in polyfunctional Afrikaans translation dictionaries is presented in
three main components, i.e. (i) standards for the application of contextual entries, (ii) the proposal
of an adapted rapid internal access structure, and (iii) the effective application of functional types of
microstructures. The requirements of lexicographical accountability and user-friendliness remain
central motives throughout the study.
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El-Badry, Nawal H. "Bilingual dictionaries of English and Arabic for Arabic-speaking advanced learners of English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255346.
Full textAbstract:
Several aspects of bilingual lexicography of English with Arabic are investigated in this study. Responses from 499 subjects to a questionnaire survey are analyzed in order to acquire information concerning a number of issues. Among these are the image of the English-Arabic dictionary as perceived by this population as well as the habits of dictionary use that prevail among the respondents. The historical development of this type of dictionary is outlined and the theoretical background to Arabic-English lexicography is surveyed. Some interesting characteristics of the investigated population of dictionary users emerge, e. g. the vast scale of dictionary ownership and the great degree of enthusiasm for dictionary use. After the Introduction In Chapter I, Chapter II provides the historical perspective of bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. Chapter III surveys the theoretical background to the study and presents the empirical methods used. Chapters IV and V provide a discussion of the data gained from the dictionary user survey. Chapter VI forms the conclusion to the study which includes some recommendations. Areas such as bilingual lexicography with Arabic as a source language, and Arabic monolingual lexicography were found to be in urgent need of further investigation.
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Mulderick, Thomas J. "A comparison of video format and leacture format for an introductory lesson on dictionary skills." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Tong, Wendy Yee. "An analysis of encyclopaedia citations in University of Auckland Doctor of Philosophy dessertations, 2007 and 2008 submitted to the School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1270.
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Daoudi, Anissa. "Idiom-solving strategies with particular reference to bilingual dictionaries English-Arabic-English." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442171.
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Osti, Letizia. "From person to persona : portraits of scholars in medieval Arabic biographical dictionaries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496407.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes a methodology for the analysis of medieval Arabic biographical dictionaries. This genre is distinctive of medieval Arabic literature; modern scholarship has investigated its origins and motivations, and has widely used it as a reference tool. However, only recently have scholars considered the value of biographical dictionaries as original creations, rather than mechanical compilations, and their role in shaping our perception of the past. After a review of recent scholarship, this thesis proposes a definition of the genre, and develops an approach to the sources which combines methods used for early Islamic history (the so-called "literary approach") with quantitative history, usually applied to post-`Abbasid periods. This approach is tested on six biographical dictionaries belonging to various fields of scholarship, times of writing or geographical locations of the writer, and on the different ways in which they describe the same group of people: the scholars operating in Baghdad between ca. 892/279 and 946/334. The background for my work is a prosopography, which I have created in the form of a computer database, including all the people of this period mentioned by my sources. On this basis, I devote one section to the comparison of structure, method and criteria of each author. I then select a smaller number of scholars, who appear most often in the sources, and follow their fortune throughout several centuries, thus highlighting the processes through which some have become legendary, some have been almost forgotten, and some are famous for their eccentricity, rather than their science. The three case studies pose several questions on our perception of the past and how the medieval sources have filtered it. These questions are provisionally answered in the conclusion, where the possible future of the research is also outlined.
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Alzi'abi, Safi Eldeen. "Missing words and missing definitions : NL Arabic speakers' use of EFL dictionaries." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42945.
Full textAbstract:
Research into EFL learner dictionary use is receiving increasing attention. Most studies, however, focus on learners' reference needs. Only a few studies concern learners' productive use of dictionaries. Thus, we know very little about learners' reference skills and the reasons behind their difficulties in using dictionaries. The scarcity of empirical data about learners' actual use of dictionaries prompts this research. This thesis is an empirical examination of Arabic-speaking learners' actual use of EFL dictionaries for comprehension and production. It endeavours to uncover the root causes of their difficulties in dealing with EFL dictionaries. The thesis begins with a replication of Béjoint's (1981) questionnaire to ascertain whether Arab learners encounter the same problems as others. Three issues are raised: 'missing words', strategies for looking up 'compounds', and 'problematic definitions'. Two studies are carried out to investigate 'missing words'. Problems with missing words are attributed to candidates' apparent failure to locate certain meanings of polysemes, to find compound nouns and to searching for specialised words. Three studies are conducted to investigate strategies for looking up 'compounds'. Failure to look up compounds correctly is attributed to looking up noun-adjective compounds under the noun and noun-noun compounds under the 'meaning-bearer'. Four further studies centre on using dictionary entries for production. Problems with dictionary entries are attributed to the use of synonyms, the use of 'etc', the lack of some collocates and the ambiguity of explanations. Candidates' misinterpretations of meanings play a part. It appears that entries created in line with EFL learners' needs are more effective than traditional dictionary entries.
Books on the topic "Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries"
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Baʻlabakkī, Munīr. Mawsūʻat al-mawrid al-ʻArabīyah: Dāʾirat maʻārif muyassarah muqtabasah ʻan "Mawsūʻat al-Mawrid". Dār al-Ilm lil-Malāyin, 1990.
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Baʻlabakkī, Munīr. Mawsūʻat al-mawrid al-ʻArabīyah: Dāʼirat maʻārif muyassarah muqtabasah ʻan "Mawsūʻat al-Mawrid". Dār al-Ilm lil-Malāyīn, 1990.
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ʻĀdil Aḥmad ʻIzz al-Dīn Ashwal. Encyclopedia of special education: English-Arabic. Anglo-Egyptian Bookshop, 1987.
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Catafago, Joseph. An Arabic and English literary dictionary: In two parts, Arabic and English, and English and Arabic : in which the Arabic words are represented in the oriental character, as well as their correct pronunciation and accentuation shown in English letters. 3rd ed. Librairie du Liban, 1988.
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Sāmarrāʾī, Ibrāhīm. al- Majmūʻ al-lafīf: Muʻjam fī al-mawādd al-lughawīyah al-tārīkhīyah al-ḥaḍārīyah. Dār ʻAmmār, 1987.
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Thabītī, Musfir Saʻīd. al- Marājiʻ al-muʻjamīyah al-ʻArabīyah: Aḥādīyat al-lughah wa-thunāʾīyat al-lughah wa-mutaʻaddidat al-lughāt. Maktabat Lubnān, 1989.
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Ṣamādī, Nasīm Ḥasan. Dāʾirat al-maʻārif al-ʻArabīyah: Azmat fikr ... lā azmat nashr. Dār al-Karmil, 1988.
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Yāqūt, Maḥmūd Sulaymān. Maʻājim al-mawḍūʻāt fī ḍawʼ ʻilm al-lughah al-ḥadīth. Dār al-Maʻrifah al-Jāmiʻīyah, 1994.
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Yāqūt, Maḥmūd Sulaymān. Maʻājim al-mawḍūʻāt fī ḍawʾ ʻilm al-lughah al-ḥadīth. Dār al-Maʻrifah al-Jāmiʻīyah, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries"
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Gutiérrez-Rodilla, Bertha, and Carmen Quijada-Diez. "Stranded Encyclopedic Medical Dictionaries in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Spain." In Stranded Encyclopedias, 1700–2000. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64300-3_6.
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Biesterfeldt, Hans Hinrich. "Medieval Arabic Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy." In The Medieval Hebrew Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9389-2_4.
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Haywood, John A. "The Entry in Medieval Arabic Monolingual Dictionaries." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.12hay.
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Soudani, Nadia, Ibrahim Bounhas, Bilel ElAyeb, and Yahya Slimani. "Toward an Arabic Ontology for Arabic Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Normalized Dictionaries." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2014 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45550-0_68.
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Alaoui, Ahmed. "How equivalent is equivalence in Arabic‑English legal translation?" In Handbook of Terminology. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hot.3.how2.
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The objective of equivalence in translation is to assign equal meaning to legal terms in two languages, keeping the same legal effect based on the legal interpretation of the source legal culture. However, this ideal objective seems difficult to capture in Arabic-English legal translation because there are factors that mask key conceptual incongruence involved therein. This paper outlines the major factors that blind legal translators to the conceptual asymmetry between Islamic law and western law, namely historical shifts, functional approach and equivalence, the practice in the translation industry (translators, localizers and machine translation), as well as terminology resources (legal bilingual dictionaries). We will argue that a viable way to avoid masking conceptual asymmetries is to provide translators with well-organized term bases.
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El-Beltagy, Samhaa R., and Ahmed Rafea. "A Corpus Based Approach for the Automatic Creation of Arabic Broken Plural Dictionaries." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37247-6_8.
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Zayed, Omnia, Samhaa El-Beltagy, and Osama Haggag. "An Approach for Extracting and Disambiguating Arabic Persons’ Names Using Clustered Dictionaries and Scored Patterns." In Natural Language Processing and Information Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38824-8_17.
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Zonta, Mauro. "Arabic and latin glosses in medieval hebrew translations of philosophical texts and their relation to hebrew philosophical dictionaries." In Textes et Etudes du Moyen Âge. Brepols Publishers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tema-eb.4.00059.
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"55. Arabic lexicography." In Dictionaries. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. De Gruyter Mouton, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110238136.872.
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Booth, Marilyn. "A Beckoning Compass, Circulating Lives: The Bustani Encyclopedia and Other Nineteenth-century Sources." In Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694860.003.0005.
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This chapter considers Fawwaz’s use of contemporary Arabic sources, notably the Arab world’s first modern encyclopedia (produced in the last quarter of the nineteenth century), a world history in Arabic, and contemporary magazines published in Egypt. Her use of these sources challenges scholars’ tendencies to categorise intellectuals of the time according to their origins and religious affiliations, for Fawwaz drew liberally on these works by Syrian Christian writers and reformers as well as briefly on a Turkish-language compilation. The chapter incorporates a study of the Bustani encyclopedia focusing on its treatment of biography as well as its articulated sense of readership, and its use of a modern apparatus of subject organisation and alphabetization, which Fawwaz followed to a large degree, while cleverly maintaining the sense of Islamic priority evident in early biographical dictionaries by placing Muhammad’s mother Amina at the very start of her volume. The chapter continues the analysis of the previous chapter of how Fawwaz appropriated and modified the contents and diction of her sources.
Conference papers on the topic "Arabic Encyclopedias and dictionaries"
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Abdul sattar DAWH, wisam, and Saad Abdul – sada SABAH. "THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATING THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL TERM FROM ARABIC INTO HEBREW." In VI. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress6-5.
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One of the important issue is that culture consist of a series and standards that acted upon by a group community who behave in the way that lies within arrange of specific issues (The source language) and logically for that is translated of the object language unless the translator has acultural and social back ground in the both languages. So that he can reformulate the text in manner compatible with the bilingualism into which the translation intended. Therefore, the aim of this research was to reveal the relationship between culture and translation and its importance in translating the Islamic cultural term Arabic into Hebrew. Research problem: Recent studies, along with the experinces of other researchers in the field of translation ,revealed that the translator possesses in not sufficient in many. times to understand the texts he is translating and Sometimes he may work to over come those difficulties. that he presents with the help of special sources for that , but at the time of translating some Islamic cultural terms, the return to those soures is not sufficient for the purpose , this is because there are no synonyms in the target language, and it remains difficult to translate, no matter how much the translator tries to search in dictionaries and encyclopedias. sti bue irottak cat bao sort fo Research importance: The importance of this research lies in revealing the benefit of the culture awareness of the translator through the reconstruction of the text from Arabic into Hebrew (The Islamic cultural term as model). Research aim: The aim of this research is to highlight the necessity of having an adequate mastery of the language into which the person is translating. In addition, this research aims to clarify the fact that culture and translation are among the most specific variations in human linguistic communications. Research methodology: The methodology of this research is based on the study of applied translation.
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Motta, Eduardo, Alexandre Andreatta, and Sean Siqueira. "Populating a domain ontology from web historical dictionaries and encyclopedias." In the 2008 Euro American Conference. ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1621087.1621108.
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Chernyak, Valentina D., and Vladimir A. Kozyrev. "Dictionaries of the XXI century: general outlines of the lexicographic space." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-2.
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The report shows that dictionaries and encyclopedias form a rapidly developing fragment of the information field. The outlines of modern lexicography have changed significantly due to the implementation of new information technologies. The presented analysis of the XXI century dictionaries reflects new trends in theoretical and practical aspects of the modern lexicography.
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Kchaou, Zied, and Slim Kanoun. "Arabic stemming with two dictionaries." In 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781780.
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Ben Hamadou, Abdelmajid. "A compression technique for Arabic dictionaries." In the 11th coference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991365.991449.
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Rudman, Olga Borisovna. ""Until the light fades, until the candle burns…»." In International Research-to-practice conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97242.
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This work is devoted to the Russian language. In the article, the author speaks about the importance of dictionaries, reference books and encyclopedias. The relevance of the research is caused by the fact that children in the modern world pay insufficient attention to reading, as well as by the fact that modern technologies are replacing the usual paper versions of books, and electronic copies are replacing them.
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Alisherovna, Khamrabaeva Shirin. "MASS MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES." In TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: BEST PRACTICES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES. ISCRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/geo-72.
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This article discusses the use of multimedia technologies in foreign language teaching. Using specially prepared multimedia programs, electronic textbooks, multimedia reference books, encyclopedias and dictionaries for the educational process, creating a communicative environment for learning, developing interest in language learning, conditions that are as close as possible to real spoken communication in a foreign language in the absence of a natural language environment are discussed.
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Ali, Mohamed, Moustafa Elshafei, Mansour Al-Ghamdi, Husni Al-Muhtaseb, and Atef Al-Najjar. "Generation of arabic phonetic dictionaries for speech recognition." In 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781716.
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Halpern, Jack. "Applying Smartphone Technology to Compile Innovative Arabic Learner's Dictionaries." In 2012 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2012.26.
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"LMF Standardized Model for the Editorial Electronic Dictionaries of Arabic." In The 5th International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001737800640073.
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