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1
Mphahlele, Motlokwe Clifford. "A model to achieve communicative equivalence in translation dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52088.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries often do not satisfy the requirements of the dictionary users because
they contain a relatively small percentage of articles displaying absolute equivalence between
the source and the target language. This impedes the users from retrieving the required
information. Communicative equivalence is a relation holding between source and target
language entries in translation dictionaries. A translation equivalent should not be seen as a
statement about the meaning of the lemma, but it should be regarded as an item that
represents the target language and can be used to translate a specific occurrence of the
source language item. If semantic and communicative equivalence do not hold between the
source and the target language dictionary users will not be able to use the target language
successfully. Instead of achieving communicative equivalence, the dictionary user is confused
and ends up using language in an unacceptable way. Relying on translation dictionaries to
improve their language skills and to learn more about the target language, dictionary users
often come across haphazardly arranged articles in dictionaries that do not lead to
communicative equivalence. In this case, the dictionary users are confused and end up using
language in an unacceptable way.
This thesis explores and investigates different ways to achieve communicative equivalence in
translation dictionaries. The research formulates some of the needed guidelines for the
lexicographers of translation dictionaries. It intends to assist lexicographers to compile useroriented
translation dictionaries that can foster multilingualism amongst the dictionary users.
As a result of this research, lexicographers will be able to compile translation dictionaries that
will assist dictionary users to achieve communicative success. These dictionaries will
establish semantic and communicative resemblance between the source and the target
language forms. As a lexicographic problem, communicative equivalence is being addressed
in the thesis and the researcher aims to make lexicographers aware of the mistakes in
translation dictionaries. The objective of the thesis is to help lexicographers with the
compilation of dictionaries where the users can achieve an optimal retrieval of information.
The research focuses on metalexicographic issues in order to enhance the quality of practical
lexicography. By doing so both the practical and theoretical lexicography can benefit from this
research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke voldoen dikwels nie aan die behoeftes van hulle gebruikers nie
omdat hulle Onbeperkte aantal artikels bevat met absolute ekwivalensie tussen bron- en
doeltaal. Dit weerhou die gebruikers daarvan om die verlangde inligting te onttrek.
Kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie is onverhouding tussen die bron- en doeltaalinskrywings in
vertalende woordeboeke. OnVertaalekwivalent moet nie beskou word as Onuitspraak oor die
betekenis van die lemma nie maar dit moet gesien word as Onitem wat die doeltaal
verteenwoordig en wat gebruik kan word om onbepaalde optrede van die brontaalvorm te
vertaal. As semantiese en kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie nie tussen bron- en doeltaal
bestaan nie sal woordeboekgebruikers nie daartoe in staat wees om die doeltaal suksesvol te
gebruik nie. In stede daarvan om kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie te behaal, is die gebruiker
verward en gebruik hy taal op Ononaanvaarbare manier. Wanneer woordeboekgebruikers op
vertalende woordeboeke staatmaak om hulle taalgebruik te verbeter en meer oor die doeltaal
te leer, vind hulle dikwels arbitrêr geordende artikels in woordeboeke wat nie tot
kommunikatiewe ekwivalendie lei nie. Dit verwar gebruikers en lei tot foutiewe taalgebruik.
Hierdie tesis ondersoek verskillende maniere waarop kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie in
vertalende woordeboeke bereik kan word. Die navorsing lei tot die formulering van sommige
riglyne wat nodig is vir die opstellers van vertalende woordeboeke. Dit poog om leksikograwe
te help om gebruikersgerigte woordeboeke saam te stel wat veeltaligheid tussen die
gebruikers kan bevorder. As gevolg van hierdie navorsing sal leksikograwe daartoe in staat
wees om vertalende woordeboeke saam te stel wat gebruikers kan help om kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie te bereik. Hierdie woordeboeke salon semantiese en kommunikatiewe
ooreenkoms tussen bron- en doeltaalvorme vestig. In hierdie tesis word kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie as Onleksikografiese probleem behandel en die navorser poog om leksikograwe
bewus te maak van foute in vertalende woordeboeke. Die mikpunt van hierdie tesis is om
leksikograwe te help met die samestelling van woordeboeke waar gebruikers onoptimale
inligtingsherwinning kan behaal. Die navorsing fokus op metaleksikografiese aangeleenthede
ter wille van Onverhoging in die gehalte van die praktiese leksikografie. Sodoende kan sowel
die teoretiese as die praktiese leksikografie by hierdie navorsing baat vind.
2
Mongwe, Mkomati John. "The role of the South African national lexicography units in the planning and compilation of multifunctional bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2177.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>In my research I will comment on the development of the national lexicography units in South Africa, following the establishment of the eleven official languages in South Africa in the post-apartheid society. I will also outline the weaknesses that exist in the traditional dictionaries to ensure limited mistakes in the lexicographic sector. I strongly believe that bilingual dictionaries in a multilingual society like South Africa, especially printed dictionaries, will play a great role in the African society as there is a shortage of reference sources, to assist translators in the development of our languages.
The research will also advocate society to fight the major challenges faced by the national lexicography units in South Africa and other countries. I hope that with the research people will become aware of the necessity of using a dictionary at all times and that dictionaries are not only used for professional purposes by academics and highly qualified people, but can also be used for pleasure.
3
Wilson, Robert E. "A dictionary of acquisition and contracting terms." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA245803.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Lamm, David V. Second Reader: Fitzgerald, David M. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Air Force, Contract Administration, Students, Dictionaries, Theses, California, Regulations, Delphi Techniques, Acquisition, Ohio. DTIC Identifier(s): Acquisition, Contracting Term Dictionary, Dictionary, Definitions. Author(s) subject terms: Acquisition and Contracting Term Dictionary, Dictionary, Definitions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119). Also available in print.
4
Beyer, Herman Louis. "'n Metaleksikografiese ondersoek na konteksleiding in Afrikaanse vertalende woordeboeke /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1214.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>This study reports on a metalexicographical investigation into contextual guidance in Afrikaans
translation dictionaries. The problem that gives rise to the need for such an investigation is
demonstrated from a practical perspective, after which attention is paid to determining the genuine
purpose of a dictionary by looking at the component parts of the concept, i.e. the typological
placement and the target user group of the dictionary in question. The discussion of the target user
group evolves into an in-depth look at the user aspect, which results in the development and
presentation of the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries. This model
aims to provide a scientific description of lexicographical user friendliness. Existing proposed
definitions of the genuine purpose of a dictionary coupled with the benefit of insights derived from
the model of lexicographical parameters for user-friendly dictionaries make the presentation of a
new definition of the genuine purpose of a (translation) dictionary possible, which is followed by
defining a polyfunctional translation dictionary for Southern Africa. Attention is also paid to some
macrostructural issues pertaining to standard translation dictionaries, among others vertical and
horizontal alphabetical macrostructures and niching and nesting as manifestations of horizontal
alphabetical macrostructures. With regard to nesting, the classification of first and second level
nesting is expanded by the description of third and fourth level nesting. The influence of the
organisation plan and the dictionary conceptualisation plan on the selection of lexical items for the
macrostructure of a standard dictionary is touched upon. An in-depth evaluation of contextual
guidance in Afrikaans standard translation dictionaries follows the exposition of the rationale for it
and the definitions of the terms context, contextualisation and contextual guidance. The discussion
produces the identification of the types of contextualising entries, among others meaning
explanations, lexicographical labels and glosses, which fall under the main class of discriminators
and which in turn functions alongside the main classes of cotext entries and inserted texts. Each
type and subtype is studied meticulously, and distribution structures are determined and evaluated
through the study of dictionary data. The study of the data also results in the identification of
different levels of contextualisation as well as different types of translation equivalent paradigms.
The discussion of lexicographical labels takes on the form of a critical overview of the existing
literature on this topic and results in the presentation of a new and scientifically sounder model for
the description of labelling in dictionaries in general, i.e. the deixis model. The study of
contextualising entries is followed by a discussion of certain elements of the composition of
dictionary articles that can support successful contextual guidance, i.e. types of microstructures and
the rapid internal access structure. The in-depth study of contextualisation makes the revision of the
definition for the term contextualising entry possible. Ultimately a practical model for more effective contextual guidance in polyfunctional Afrikaans translation dictionaries is presented in
three main components, i.e. (i) standards for the application of contextual entries, (ii) the proposal
of an adapted rapid internal access structure, and (iii) the effective application of functional types of
microstructures. The requirements of lexicographical accountability and user-friendliness remain
central motives throughout the study.
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El-Badry, Nawal H. "Bilingual dictionaries of English and Arabic for Arabic-speaking advanced learners of English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255346.
Full textAbstract:
Several aspects of bilingual lexicography of English with Arabic are investigated in this study. Responses from 499 subjects to a questionnaire survey are analyzed in order to acquire information concerning a number of issues. Among these are the image of the English-Arabic dictionary as perceived by this population as well as the habits of dictionary use that prevail among the respondents. The historical development of this type of dictionary is outlined and the theoretical background to Arabic-English lexicography is surveyed. Some interesting characteristics of the investigated population of dictionary users emerge, e. g. the vast scale of dictionary ownership and the great degree of enthusiasm for dictionary use. After the Introduction In Chapter I, Chapter II provides the historical perspective of bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. Chapter III surveys the theoretical background to the study and presents the empirical methods used. Chapters IV and V provide a discussion of the data gained from the dictionary user survey. Chapter VI forms the conclusion to the study which includes some recommendations. Areas such as bilingual lexicography with Arabic as a source language, and Arabic monolingual lexicography were found to be in urgent need of further investigation.
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Mulderick, Thomas J. "A comparison of video format and leacture format for an introductory lesson on dictionary skills." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Tong, Wendy Yee. "An analysis of encyclopaedia citations in University of Auckland Doctor of Philosophy dessertations, 2007 and 2008 submitted to the School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1270.
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Daoudi, Anissa. "Idiom-solving strategies with particular reference to bilingual dictionaries English-Arabic-English." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442171.
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Osti, Letizia. "From person to persona : portraits of scholars in medieval Arabic biographical dictionaries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496407.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes a methodology for the analysis of medieval Arabic biographical dictionaries. This genre is distinctive of medieval Arabic literature; modern scholarship has investigated its origins and motivations, and has widely used it as a reference tool. However, only recently have scholars considered the value of biographical dictionaries as original creations, rather than mechanical compilations, and their role in shaping our perception of the past. After a review of recent scholarship, this thesis proposes a definition of the genre, and develops an approach to the sources which combines methods used for early Islamic history (the so-called "literary approach") with quantitative history, usually applied to post-`Abbasid periods. This approach is tested on six biographical dictionaries belonging to various fields of scholarship, times of writing or geographical locations of the writer, and on the different ways in which they describe the same group of people: the scholars operating in Baghdad between ca. 892/279 and 946/334. The background for my work is a prosopography, which I have created in the form of a computer database, including all the people of this period mentioned by my sources. On this basis, I devote one section to the comparison of structure, method and criteria of each author. I then select a smaller number of scholars, who appear most often in the sources, and follow their fortune throughout several centuries, thus highlighting the processes through which some have become legendary, some have been almost forgotten, and some are famous for their eccentricity, rather than their science. The three case studies pose several questions on our perception of the past and how the medieval sources have filtered it. These questions are provisionally answered in the conclusion, where the possible future of the research is also outlined.
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Alzi'abi, Safi Eldeen. "Missing words and missing definitions : NL Arabic speakers' use of EFL dictionaries." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42945.
Full textAbstract:
Research into EFL learner dictionary use is receiving increasing attention. Most studies, however, focus on learners' reference needs. Only a few studies concern learners' productive use of dictionaries. Thus, we know very little about learners' reference skills and the reasons behind their difficulties in using dictionaries. The scarcity of empirical data about learners' actual use of dictionaries prompts this research. This thesis is an empirical examination of Arabic-speaking learners' actual use of EFL dictionaries for comprehension and production. It endeavours to uncover the root causes of their difficulties in dealing with EFL dictionaries. The thesis begins with a replication of Béjoint's (1981) questionnaire to ascertain whether Arab learners encounter the same problems as others. Three issues are raised: 'missing words', strategies for looking up 'compounds', and 'problematic definitions'. Two studies are carried out to investigate 'missing words'. Problems with missing words are attributed to candidates' apparent failure to locate certain meanings of polysemes, to find compound nouns and to searching for specialised words. Three studies are conducted to investigate strategies for looking up 'compounds'. Failure to look up compounds correctly is attributed to looking up noun-adjective compounds under the noun and noun-noun compounds under the 'meaning-bearer'. Four further studies centre on using dictionary entries for production. Problems with dictionary entries are attributed to the use of synonyms, the use of 'etc', the lack of some collocates and the ambiguity of explanations. Candidates' misinterpretations of meanings play a part. It appears that entries created in line with EFL learners' needs are more effective than traditional dictionary entries.
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Muller, Peter O. "Deutsche Lexikographie des 16. Jahrhunderts Konzeptionen und Funktionen frühneuzeitlicher Wörterbücher /." Tübingen : Niemeyer, 2001. http://books.google.com/books?id=1PJbAAAAMAAJ.
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Thumb, Yin-fun Jenny. "Dictionary look-up strategies and the bilingualised learners' dictionary : a think-aloud study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25176560.
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Fatani, Amin Y. "The treatment of culture-specific vocabulary in dictionaries for translating from English to Arabic : a critical and empirical exploration." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284622.
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Ferguson, Sean W. "The guitar in lexica: the development of the guitar as reflected in general and musical dictionaries and encyclopedias, 1611-1890." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406730273.
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Eterji, Sami Mohammed Ghalib. "Improvements in the contents and arrangement of monolingual classical Arabic dictionaries within a linguistic framework." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296180.
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Chow, So-wah Amy, and 周素華. "The use of dictionaries by F.6 students in a Hong Kong secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29665206.
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Al, Mazrouei S. M. S. G. "Assessing the effectiveness of bilingual dictionaries for translation with reference to Al-Mawrid English/Arabic dictionary." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31819/.
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The present study assesses Al-Mawrid dictionary from the perspective of the degree of its usefulness as a translational tool. It starts by reviewing available published studies on related subjects such as cognitive semantics, neologism lexicography and terminology compilation; and how useful Al-Mawrid is as a tool in the hands of professional translation practitioners. The choice of Al-Mawrid as a subject of investigation stems from the fact that it is the most popular, the most sold and the most utilized tool in a market considered to be similar in size to that of Western Europe. The study attempts to assess the degree of efficiency and adequacy of Al-Mawrid as a tool in a translational context and this assessment is carried out through an empirical investigation, which includes a 20,000 word-long corpus, randomly compiled and translated by randomly selected professional translators. The study unveils a number of areas of weakness in Al-Mawrid based on the premise that it is a prominent translational tool and also when compared to other prominent dictionaries in other languages such as The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998). Furthermore, the analysis highlights areas in a number of Al-Mawrid’s entries that contain confusing and at times unclear explanations which were shown to be of little use to the translators in some contexts. The study also provides a number of suggestions which could be considered to produce a more up-to-date version of Al- Mawrid in order for it to be of a greater help to the translator/interpreter.
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Imbayarwo, Taurai. "A Biblical Hebrew lexicon for translators based on recent developments in theoretical lexicography." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1414.
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Fioravanti, Sueli Cabrera [UNESP]. "As unidades heterogenéricas em dicionários bilíngues de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros: análise do tratamento lexicográfico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136096.
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000858349.pdf: 2159393 bytes, checksum: a67f67abc7624fb34bdadacd322ed456 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Propõe-se, nesta pesquisa, analisar o tratamento lexicográfico na microestrutura de um conjunto de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas no par de línguas português e espanhol em dicionários bilíngues escolares de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros. As unidades lexicais heterogenéricas são aquelas que, embora possuam grafia igual ou semelhante, apresentam gêneros diferentes entre as duas línguas em questão. Os heterogenéricos são o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, porque no caso do ensino da língua espanhola para brasileiros estas palavras costumam apresentar-se como uma dificuldade em seu processo de aprendizagem, sobretudo nas habilidades de produção oral e escrita. Ao produzir seus enunciados em língua espanhola, o aprendiz brasileiro com frequência se equivoca no uso dos gêneros dos substantivos. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma amostra de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas de um corpus composto por gêneros textuais veiculados em livros didáticos de espanhol, especificamente as três coleções eleitas pelo PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) 2011/2012. A presente pesquisa fundamenta-se nas teorias e práticas da Lexicografia Pedagógica Bilíngue e Linguística de Corpus e o objetivo central é analisar como são apresentadas as informações lexicográficas e se trazem indicações que sirvam de apoio para a aprendizagem dos substantivos heterogenéricos em espanhol por aprendizes brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que os dicionários bilíngues analisados, em geral, não apresentam informações suficientes para auxiliar o aprendiz em seu processo de aprendizagem das unidades lexicais heterogenéricas<br>The objective of this research is to analyze the lexicographical treatment given to a set of heterogeneric lexical units in the microestructure of Portuguese-Spanish School Dictionaries for Brazilian learners. Heterogeneric lexical units are those which have the same or similar spelling, but different genres in each of the two languages considered. The heterogenerics are the object of study of this work, mainly because in the Spanish language learning process Brazilians usually find these words difficult to learn and use, especially in the speaking and writing production. When expressing themselves in Spanish, Brazilian learners often make mistakes in the use of noun genders. This study was conducted by selecting a sample of heterogeneric lexical units in a corpus composed by different text genres from Spanish language teaching textbooks, more specifically from three Spanish teaching collections pre-selected by the PNLD (National Textbook Program) 2011/2012. This research is based on the theories and practices of Bilingual Pedagogical Lexicography and Corpus Linguistics and it focused on analyzing how the lexicographical information is presented to serve as a support for the learning of heterogenerics nouns in Spanish by Brazilian learners. The results indicate that the bilingual dictionaries analyzed, generally do not have enough information to assist the learner in the learning process regarding heterogeneric lexical units
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Fioravanti, Sueli Cabrera. "As unidades heterogenéricas em dicionários bilíngues de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros : análise do tratamento lexicográfico /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136096.
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Orientador: Odair Luiz Nadin da Silva<br>Banca: Regiani Aparecida Santos Zacarias<br>Banca: Maria Helena de Paula<br>Resumo: Propõe-se, nesta pesquisa, analisar o tratamento lexicográfico na microestrutura de um conjunto de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas no par de línguas português e espanhol em dicionários bilíngues escolares de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros. As unidades lexicais heterogenéricas são aquelas que, embora possuam grafia igual ou semelhante, apresentam gêneros diferentes entre as duas línguas em questão. Os heterogenéricos são o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, porque no caso do ensino da língua espanhola para brasileiros estas palavras costumam apresentar-se como uma dificuldade em seu processo de aprendizagem, sobretudo nas habilidades de produção oral e escrita. Ao produzir seus enunciados em língua espanhola, o aprendiz brasileiro com frequência se equivoca no uso dos gêneros dos substantivos. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma amostra de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas de um corpus composto por gêneros textuais veiculados em livros didáticos de espanhol, especificamente as três coleções eleitas pelo PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) 2011/2012. A presente pesquisa fundamenta-se nas teorias e práticas da Lexicografia Pedagógica Bilíngue e Linguística de Corpus e o objetivo central é analisar como são apresentadas as informações lexicográficas e se trazem indicações que sirvam de apoio para a aprendizagem dos substantivos heterogenéricos em espanhol por aprendizes brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que os dicionários bilíngues analisados, em geral, não apresentam informações suficientes para auxiliar o aprendiz em seu processo de aprendizagem das unidades lexicais heterogenéricas<br>Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the lexicographical treatment given to a set of heterogeneric lexical units in the microestructure of Portuguese-Spanish School Dictionaries for Brazilian learners. Heterogeneric lexical units are those which have the same or similar spelling, but different genres in each of the two languages considered. The heterogenerics are the object of study of this work, mainly because in the Spanish language learning process Brazilians usually find these words difficult to learn and use, especially in the speaking and writing production. When expressing themselves in Spanish, Brazilian learners often make mistakes in the use of noun genders. This study was conducted by selecting a sample of heterogeneric lexical units in a corpus composed by different text genres from Spanish language teaching textbooks, more specifically from three Spanish teaching collections pre-selected by the PNLD (National Textbook Program) 2011/2012. This research is based on the theories and practices of Bilingual Pedagogical Lexicography and Corpus Linguistics and it focused on analyzing how the lexicographical information is presented to serve as a support for the learning of heterogenerics nouns in Spanish by Brazilian learners. The results indicate that the bilingual dictionaries analyzed, generally do not have enough information to assist the learner in the learning process regarding heterogeneric lexical units<br>Mestre
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Mabika, Mbokou Ludwine. "A model for the macro- and microstructure of a Yipunu-French school dictionary." Thesis, Link to the onlkine version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1416.
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Al-Ajmi, Hashan. "The use of monolingual English and bilingual Arabic-English dictionaries in Kuwait : an experimental investigation into the dictionaries used and reference skills deployed by university students of arts and science." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398470.
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This is an empirical investigation into the use of dictionaries by students of English and Science at Kuwait University with a particular focus on bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. In the introductory chapter we discuss the increasingly important role of vocabulary in EFL methodology and the relevant emphasis on improving existing dictionaries and teaching students how to make effective use of them. In chapter two we focus on bilingual dictionaries and review their status in EFL methodology. Then structural features of this type of dictionary are discussed with special reference to the problems of translation equivalents, sense discriminations, and intended dictionary function. Chapter three is a critical examination of two bilingual dictionaries in Kuwait. AL-MAWRID (English-Arabic) and DlcrIONARY OF MJDERN WRI'lTEN ARABIC (Arabic-English) are examined in terms of their users and uses, introductory matter, translation equivalents, sense discriminations, illustrative examples, collocations and idioms, grammatical information, and pronunciation. In the fourth chapter we review previous studies of dictionary users and uses and focus on their findings which bear relevance to our investigation. Chapter five is a description of the research method we follow in our investigation i.e. a questionnaire and two translation tests. In chapter six we present and analyse the findings on specific aspects of dictionary use addressed in the questionnaire. Chapter seven is an analysis of translation errors in relation to the type(s) of dictionary used in the Ll-L2 and L2-Ll translation tests. The final chapter summarises the research findings and presents same suggestions with regard to the improvement of existing bilingual dictionaries of English and Arabic and the training of dictionary users.
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Ajmi, Hashan. "The use of monolingual English and bilingual Arabic-Engish dictionaries in Kuwait : an experimental investigation into the dictionaries used and reference skills deployed by university students of arts and science." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1389/.
Full textAbstract:
This is an empirical investigation into the use of dictionaries by students of English and Science at Kuwait University with a particular focus on bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. In the introductory chapter we discuss the increasingly important role of vocabulary in EFL methodology and the relevant emphasis on improving existing dictionaries and teaching students how to make effective use of them. In chapter two we focus on bilingual dictionaries and review their status in EFL methodology. Then structural features of this type of dictionary are discussed with special reference to the problems of translation equivalents, sense discriminations, and intended dictionary function. Chapter three is a critical examination of two bilingual dictionaries in Kuwait. AL-MAWRID (English-Arabic) and DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC (Arabic-English) are examined in terms of their users and uses, introductory matter, translation equivalents, sense discriminations, illustrative examples, collocations and idioms, grammatical information, and pronunciation. In the fourth chapter we review previous studies of dictionary users and uses and focus on their findings which bear relevance to our investigation. Chapter five is a description of the research method we follow in our investigation i.e. a questionnaire and two translation tests. In chapter six we present and analyse the findings on specific aspects of dictionary use addressed in the questionnaire. Chapter seven is an analysis of translation errors in relation to the type(s) of dictionary used in the Ll-L2 and L2-Ll translation tests. The final chapter summarises the research findings and presents same suggestions with regard to the improvement of existing bilingual dictionaries of English and Arabic and the training of dictionary users.
24
Al-Besbasi, Ibrahim Ali. "Empirical investigation of some cognitive processes of translation between English and Arabic with special reference to the use of dictionaries." Online version, 1991. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23338.
Full text
25
Afane, Otsaga Thierry. "The standard translation dictionary as an instrument in the standardization of Fang." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50193.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation offers metalexicographical criteria for the compilation
of standard translation dictionaries in non-standardized languages. It
particularly focuses on the role that the proposed dictionary model can
play in the language standardization, with special reference to Fang.
These criteria are based on different theoretical frameworks. Criteria
for the dictionary structure are particularly based on Hausmann &
Wiegand's General Theory of Lexicography, while a discussion of the
role that dictionaries can play in the standardization process of
languages is particularly based on criteria introduced by Zgusta. This
dissertation is structured as follows:
• Chapter 1, Introduction and problem statement, presents the
motivation for the choice of the present topic, as well as the
theoretical frameworks that I use to build my
metalexicographical criteria.
• Chapter 2, Fang and its dialects, focuses on the concerned
language and its dialects. Apart from a historical overview of the
Fang people, a wide inventory of works that have been
implemented in Fang, as well as the choice and the motivation of
the standard dialect are presented.
• Chapter 3, Dictionaries and corpora, highlights the strong
relationship between the compilation of modern dictionaries and electronic corpora. More precisely this chapter intends to
demonstrate the importance of electronic corpora in the
lexicographic practice. In this regard, the importance of some
software and new corpus methods are also demonstrated.
• Chapter 4, Aspects of the dictionary structure, mainly focuses on
different structures of the dictionary and how data should be
spread and organized in each dictionary component. A detailed
account is given of the structure of each dictionary component.
• Chapter 5, Dictionaries and standardization, focuses on the main
purpose of the dissertation and demonstrates why and how the
dictionary can be an instrument in the standardization process of
languages, with specific reference to Fang.
• Chapter 6, Concluding remarks, reviews all chapters by
highlighting the focal points of each of them. Some perspectives
or potential new developments are foreseen in order to pave the
way for the elaboration of new theoretical frameworks and the
improvement of the proposed dictionary model.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif bied metaleksikografiese kriteria vir die samestelling
van standaard vertalende woordeboeke vir nie-gestandaardiseerde
tale. Die fokus is veralop die rol wat die voorgestelde
woordeboekmodel kan speel in taalstandaardisering, met spesifieke
verwysing van Fang. Hierdie kriteria is gebaseer op verskillende
teoretiese raamwerke. Kriteria vir die woordeboekstruktuur is veral
gebaseer op Hausmann en Wiegand se algemene leksikografieteorie,
terwyl 'n bespreking van die rol van woordeboeke in die
standaardiseringsproses van tale veral gebaseer is op kriteria wat deur
Zgusta voorgestel is. Die proefskrif is soos volg saamgestel:
• Hoofstuk 1 bied 'n motivering vir die keuse van die betrokke
onderwerp asook vir die teoretiese raamwerke waarvolgens die
metaleksikografiese kriteria geformuleer is.
• Hoofstuk 2 fokus op die betrokke taal, Fang, en sy dialekte. Naas
'n historiese oorsig van die Fang sprekers word 'n wye keuse uit
die Fang literatuur asook die keuse van 'n standaarddialek aan
die orde gestel.
• Hoofstuk 3 wys op die sterk verhouding tussen die samestelling
van 'n moderne woordeboek en elektroniese korpora. Hierdie
hoofstuk benadruk die belang van elektroniese korpora vir die
leksikografiese praktyk. In hierdie verband word daar ook
verwys na die belang van sekere sagtewareprodukte asook nuwe
korpusmetodes.
• Hoofstuk 4 is veral gerig op die verskillende
woordeboekstrukture en op hoe data versprei en in die
verskillende woordeboekkomponente aangebied moet word. Die
struktuur van elke woordeboekkomponent word in besonderhede
bespreek.
• Hoofstuk 5 fokus op die hoofdoel van die proefskrif en wys hoe
en waarom In woordeboek, met spesifieke verwysing na die
situasie van Fang, In instrument kan wees in die
taa Istandaardiseri ngsproses.
• Hoofstuk 6 gee In oorsig oor die voorafgaande hoofstukke en
wys op sekere belangrike aspekte wat bespreek is. Nuwe
ontwikkelinge wat voorsien word om die weg te baan vir die
ontwerp van nuwe teoretiese raamwerke ter verbetering van die
voorgestelde model word beklemtoon.
26
Gouws, Liezl. "Die bewerking van idiome in tweetalige woordeboeke : 'n hulp vir vertalers?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1609.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Dictionaries are important and necessary resources for translators, but still translators have mixed feelings regarding especially bilingual dictionaries. On the one hand, they cannot really work without them, but on the other hand the dictionaries often give the translator little or no help. In this study, reasons are examined as to why bilingual dictionaries aren't a sufficient resource for professional translators with regard to the translation of idioms. During the study attention is given to the theories regarding and the approaches to translation. The focus falls specifically on three important methods of translation, namely the linguistic, text linguistic and functionalist approaches. The development of lexicography as discipline is also examined. The translation of idioms entails more than just the translation of single words. Attention is given to the attributes of idioms, as well as the problems and methods with which translators are confronted during the translation of idioms. Subsequently attention is also given to the current treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries as well as aspects such as presentation, equivalence, register and language structures. Based on the evidence of this a model is suggested for the improved treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries.
27
Moreschi, Bruno 1982. "Art Book : a construção de uma enciclopédia de artistas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285264.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lygia Arcuri Eluf<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T21:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Moreschi_Bruno_M.pdf: 3230662 bytes, checksum: 8bd825c129f981c4cf9b4a22628dac32 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa propõe o estudo do processo de legitimação do autor e de suas obras nas artes visuais em duas frentes complementares de trabalho. A primeira, de natureza artística, é a criação de uma enciclopédia de artistas que, em um primeiro momento, não se difere de outras publicações desse tipo, mas que, na verdade, possui uma característica bastante peculiar. A segunda frente de trabalho, de natureza mais teórica, é a escrita de uma dissertação que analisará o processo de criação dessa enciclopédia e algumas das questões levantadas em sua produção. Entre elas, o papel da fotografia do objeto artístico e do texto crítico na validação de obras e de artistas no campo das Artes Visuais<br>Abstract: This research proposes a study about the author and his works' process of legitimation in the visual arts on two complementary work fronts. The first, from artistic nature, is the creation of an encyclopedia of artists which, at first, does not differ from other publications of this type, but in fact has a very peculiar feature. The second work front, more theoretical, is the writing of a dissertation that will examine this encyclopedia's creative process and some of the issues raised in its production, among them the roles photography, art object and critic text concerning the validation of works and artists in the visual arts<br>Mestrado<br>Artes Visuais<br>Mestre em Artes Visuais
28
Black, Kevin P. "Interactive Machine Assistance: A Case Study in Linking Corpora and Dictionaries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5620.
Full textAbstract:
Machine learning can provide assistance to humans in making decisions, including linguistic decisions such as determining the part of speech of a word. Supervised machine learning methods derive patterns indicative of possible labels (decisions) from annotated example data. For many problems, including most language analysis problems, acquiring annotated data requires human annotators who are trained to understand the problem and to disambiguate among multiple possible labels. Hence, the availability of experts can limit the scope and quantity of annotated data. Machine-learned pre-annotation assistance, which suggests probable labels for unannotated items, can enable expert annotators to work more quickly and thus to produce broader and larger annotated resources more cost-efficiently. Yet, because annotated data is required to build the pre-annotation model, bootstrapping is an obstacle to utilizing pre-annotation assistance, especially for low-resource problems where little or no annotated data exists. Interactive pre-annotation assistance can mitigate bootstrapping costs, even for low-resource problems, by continually refining the pre-annotation model with new annotated examples as the annotators work. In practice, continually refining models has seldom been done except for the simplest of models which can be trained quickly. As a case study in developing sophisticated, interactive, machine-assisted annotation, this work employs the task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL), which is to link each word token in a corpus to its correct dictionary entry. CDL resources, such as machine-readable dictionaries and concordances, are essential aids in many tasks including language learning and corpus studies. We employ a pipeline model to provide CDL pre-annotations, with one model per CDL sub-task. We evaluate different models for lemmatization, the most significant CDL sub-task since many dictionary entry headwords are usually lemmas. The best performing lemmatization model is a hybrid which uses a maximum entropy Markov model (MEMM) to handle unknown (novel) word tokens and other component models to handle known word tokens. We extend the hybrid model design to the other CDL sub-tasks in the pipeline. We develop an incremental training algorithm for the MEMM which avoids wasting previous computation as would be done by simply retraining from scratch. The incremental training algorithm facilitates the addition of new dictionary entries over time (i.e., new labels) and also facilitates learning from partially annotated sentences which allows annotators to annotate words in any order. We validate that the hybrid model attains high accuracy and can be trained sufficiently quickly to provide interactive pre-annotation assistance by simulating CDL annotation on Quranic Arabic and classical Syriac data.
29
Tomba, Moussavou Fatima. "Metalexicographic criteria for a monolingual descriptive dictionary presenting the standard variety of Yipunu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21909.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (DLitt)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dictionaries available in the Gabonese languages are all translation dictionaries biased towards
French and compiled by missionaries and colonial administrators. No proper monolingual dictionaries
exist in the Gabonese languages. There is therefore a need for monolingual dictionaries in the
Gabonese languages, particularly in Yipunu, one of the Bantu languages (B 43) spoken in the South of
Gabon. Yipunu is a regional vehicular language or a major or majority language. Yipunu is a
domestic language i.e spoken inside Bapunu communities or a mother tongue or first language and
Yipunu is also taught as subject in the national educational system.
As a response to this need, this dissertation proposes metalexicographic criteria for the compilation of a
standard descriptive monolingual dictionary with special reference to Yipunu. The proposed model
focuses primarily on the inclusion and the treatment of the standard variety of Yipunu and to a lesser
degree on the other varieties. Such a model is directed at a dictionary primarily dealing with the needs
of the average, educated members of the Yipunu speech community, the mother-tongue speakers, and
also designed for experienced and advanced learners of Yipunu and their teachers.
This study aims to point out how important standard descriptive monolingual dictionaries are in general
and specifically in the case of African Bantu languages. This study also aims to highlight the
importance for Gabonese lexicographers to adopt modern lexicographical principles in dictionary
compilation such as the user-driven dictionary and the corpus-based dictionary. This model, although
devised for Yipunu, will eventually serve as model for the design of standard descriptive dictionaries in
all Gabonese languages. This study provides information about the content and the structures of such a
dictionary and is structured as follows: Chapter 1 focuses on introducing and contextualising the research. It presents the linguistic situation
in Gabon with reference to the status of Yipunu. It also shows the importance and the relevance of the
research and gives the theoretical basis, methodology, hypotheses and objectives underlying the study.
Chapter 2 criticises the lexicographic works in Yipunu in order to improve the quality of future
Yipunu dictionaries and examines the major needs of Yipunu lexicography.
Chapter 3 envisages some aspects of the standardisation of Yipunu. It targets the discussion at the
level of the language analysis namely the phonology, the grammar, the dictionary and the orthography
of Yipunu.
Chapter 4 discusses the user perspective, which guides the dictionary compilation. It focuses on the
user profile, user typologies and dictionary functions. The intended dictionary has a multifunctional
character. Special attention is given to a pioneering survey of dictionary use among Gabonese students
and to the discussion of the teaching of dictionary use in Gabon.
Chapter 5 deals with the dictionary plan. Different aspects such as the style guide, the genuine
purpose, the dictionary basis, data collection, the data collection policy, data collection methods and the
corpus of the proposed dictionary are discussed
Chapter 6 elaborates on the macrostructure of the proposed dictionary. The dictionary gives priority to
a strict alphabetical macrostructure. Macrostructural elements, lemmatisation strategies, and types of
lemmas and articles to be included in the proposed dictionary are discussed.
Chapter 7 focuses on the microstructure of the proposed dictionary. The model suggests an obligatory
microstructure and an extended obligatory microstructure and discusses the variety of data to be
included in the articles of the proposed dictionary.
Chapter 8 deals with the outer text section and the guide structures of the proposed dictionary, which
includes front and back matter texts. Polyaccessibility, a system of cross-referencing, and lemmatic and
non-lemmatic addressings are characteristics of the proposed dictionary. Chapter 9 makes some concluding remarks by highlighting the focus point of each chapter of the
dissertation. It gives also some recommendations for the research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die woordeboeke beskikbaar in die Gaboenese tale is almal vertalende woordeboeke gerig op Frans en
saamgestel deur sendelinge en koloniale administrateurs. Geen werklike eentalige woordeboeke
bestaan in die Gaboenese tale nie. Daar is gevolglik 'n behoefte aan eentalige woordeboeke in die
Gaboenese tale, veral in Jipoenoe, een van die Bantoetale (B 43) wat in die Suide van Gaboen gepraat
word. Jipoenoe is 'n streeksvoertaal of 'n hoof- of meerderheidstaal. Jipoenoe is 'n huistaal d.w.s. wat
binne Bapoenoegemeenskappe gepraat word of 'n moedertaal of eerste taal en Jipoenoe word ook as
vak in die nasionale opvoedingstelsel onderrig.
In reaksie op hierdie behoefte stel hierdie proefskrif metaleksikografiese kriteria voor vir die
samestelling van 'n standaard beskrywende eentalige woordeboek met spesiale verwysing na Jipoenoe.
Die voorgestelde model fokus primêr op die insluiting en behandeling van die standaardvariëteit van
Jipoenoe en in 'n mindere mate op die ander variëteite. Die model is gerig op 'n woordeboek wat
primêr aandag gee aan die behoeftes van die deursnee- opgevoede lede van die
Jipoenoespraakgemeenskap, die moedertaalsprekers, en wat ook ontwerp is vir kundige en gevorderde
leerders van Jipoenoe en hul onderwysers.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om aan te toon hoe belangrik standaard beskrywende eentalige
woordeboeke in die algemeen en spesifiek in die geval van die Bantoetale van Afrika is. Die doel van
hierdie studie is ook om die belangrikheid vir Gaboenese leksikograwe te belig om moderne
leksikografiese beginsels toe te pas in die samestelling van woordeboeke soos die gebruikersgedrewe
woordeboek en die korpusgebaseerde woordeboek. Hierdie model, alhoewel ontwerp vir Jipoenoe, sal
uiteindelik dien as model vir die opstel van standaard beskrywende woordeboeke vir al die Gaboenese
tale. Die studie verskaf inligting oor die inhoud en strukture van so 'n woordeboek en is soos volg
gestruktureer:
Hoofstuk 1 fokus op 'n inleiding tot en 'n kontekstualisering van die navorsing. Dit beskryf die
taalkundige toestand in Gaboen met betrekking tot die status van Jipoenoe. Dit toon ook die belangrikheid en relevansie van die navorsing en gee die teoretiese basis, metodologie, hipoteses en
doelstellings onderliggend aan die studie.
Hoofstuk 2 kritiseer die leksikografiese werk in Jipoenoe met die doel om die gehalte van die
Jipoenoewoordeboeke te verbeter en die behoeftes van die Jipoenoeleksikografie te ondersoek.
Hoofstuk 3 beskou 'n aantal aspekte van die standaardisering van Jipoenoe. Dit is gemik op 'n
bespreking op die vlak van taalontleding, naamlik die fonologie, die grammatika, die woordeboek en
die ortografie van Jipoenoe.
Hoofstuk 4 bespreek die gebruikersperspektief wat die woordeboeksamestelling rig. Dit fokus op die
gebruikersprofiel, gebruikerstipologieë en woordeboekfunksies. Die beplande woordeboek het 'n
multifunksionele karakter. Spesiale aandag word gegee aan 'n baanbrekende ondersoek na
woordeboekgebruik onder Gaboenese studente en aan 'n bespreking van die onderrig van
woordeboekgebruik in Gaboen.
Hoofstuk 5 handel oor die woordeboekplan. Verskillende aspekte soos die stylgids, die werklike doel,
die woordeboekbasis, dataversameling, die dataversamelingsbeleid, dataversamelingsmetodes en die
korpus van die voorgestelde woordeboek word bespreek.
Hoofstuk 6 wei uit oor die makrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die woordeboek gee
voorkeur aan 'n streng alfabetiese makrostruktuur. Makrostrukturele elemente,
lemmatiseringstrategieë, en soorte lemmas en artikels vir insluiting in die beplande woordeboek word
bespreek.
Hoofstuk 7 fokus op die mikrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die model stel 'n verpligte
mikrostruktuur en 'n uitgebreide verpligte mikrostruktuur voor en bespreek die verskeidenheid data wat
in die artikels van die voorgestelde woordeboek ingesluit behoort te word. Hoofstuk 8 handel oor die buiteteksgedeelte en die gidsstrukture van die voorgestelde woordeboek wat
voor- en agtervoor- en agtertekste insluit. Politoeganklikheid, 'n stelsel van kruisverwysings, en
lemmatiese en nielemmatiese adresserings is kenmerke van die voorgestelde woordeboek.
Hoofstuk 9 maak 'n aantal slotopmerkings deur die fokuspunt van elke hoofstuk van die proefskrif te
belig. Dit verskaf ook 'n aantal aanbevelings vir navorsing.
30
Pires, Bruna Torlay. "A presença de Francis Bacon na Enciclopedia." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279312.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roberto Romano<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Este trabalho procura assinalar traços da filosofia de Francis Bacon na Enciclopédia francesa do século XVIII. Estes traços se manifestam nas teses que defendem o intercurso entre avanço técnico e progresso do conhecimento, e o ideal de ciência como conquista indefinida que escapa ao gênio individual, e sobrevive como patrimônio comum da humanidade. Compreensivamente, mostra que o ¿utilitarismo¿ de Francis Bacon e dos enciclopedistas na verdade se fundamenta na idéia capital de que a existência produz-se mediante engenho<br>Abstract: This work search after some traces of Francis Bacon¿s thought in eighteenth century¿s French Encyclopaedia. These traces are manifest on the thesis that defend the intercourse between technical improvement and advancement of learning, and the ideal of science as an undefined acquisition not due to individual genius, but thought of as mankind¿s common inheritance. As a whole, it points that Bacon¿s and enciclopaedists¿ ¿utilitarianism¿ is in fact grounded on the capital idea that existence is made through ingenuity<br>Mestrado<br>Filosofia<br>Mestre em Filosofia
31
Potgieter, Liezl. "Die ontwerp van vertalende vakwoordeboeke met vertalers as teikengebruikers : 'n teoretiese model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6647.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel woordeboeke op spesifieke teikengebruikers gerig is, het die leksikografie slegs 'n baie
beperkte bydrae gelewer om hulpmiddels vir vertalers te ontwikkel. Veral die bestaande
vakwoordeboeke gee min blyke van 'n teoretiese fundering en nog minder van 'n erkenning van die
behoeftes van een van die tipiese gebruikersgroepe, te wete die professionele vertaler. Vertalers is 'n
gebruikersgroep met eiesoortige behoeftes en benodig woordeboeke wat spesifiek op hierdie
behoeftes gerig is. In hierdie proefskrif word daar eerstens aandag gegee aan die ontwikkeling van
die leksikografie met spesifieke verwysing na die vakleksikografie en die belangrikste rolspelers op
hierdie gebied sowel as aan die ontwikkeling van die vertaalteorie wat insluit die linguistiese,
tekslinguistiese en funksionalistiese benaderings tot vertaling en die onderskeie rolspelers binne elk
van die benaderings. Daar word ook gekyk na die probleem van ekwivalensie binne die vertaalteorie
sowel as binne die leksikografie. Daarna word daar gekyk na die woordeboekgebruiker, die
gebruikersperspektief en die verskillende woordeboekfunksies wat tydens die beplanning en
samestelling van woordeboeke in gedagte gehou en in ag geneem moet word. Daar word vervolgens
aandag gegee aan vertalers as woordeboekgebruikers en daar word aangedui watter soort probleme
vertalers met bestaande vertalende vakwoordeboeke het. Daarna word die fokus geplaas op die
leksikografiese behoeftes van en vereistes wat professionele vertalers aan vertalende
vakwoordeboeke stel. Laastens word 'n teoreties gefundeerde model ontwikkel vir die beplanning en
opstel van vertalende vakwoordeboeke wat aan 'n wye reeks eiesoortige probleme aandag gee en
aan die spesifieke behoeftes van professionele vertalers voldoen.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although dictionaries are aimed at specific target users, lexicography has only made a very limited
contribution to developing resources for translators. Existing language for special purposes
dictionaries (LSP dictionaries) in particular show very little evidence of a theoretical foundation and
even less evidence of recognising the needs of one of the most typical user groups, namely the
professional translator. As a user group translators have distinctive needs and they are therefore in
need of dictionaries specifically targeting these needs. In this dissertation the development of
lexicography with specific reference to LSP lexicography and the most important role players in the
field as well as the development of translation theory which includes the linguistic, text linguistic and
functionalistic approaches to translation and the various role players with regard to each of these
approaches are dealt with first. Furthermore the problem of equivalence with regard to translation
theory as well as lexicography are also investigated. Thereafter attention is given to the dictionary
user, the user perspective and the different dictionary functions that should be kept in mind during the
planning and compilation of dictionaries. Translators as dictionary users are also explored and the
type of problems translators have with existing translation LSP dictionaries is indicated. Then the
focus falls on the lexicographical needs and requirements that professional translators have with
regard to translation LSP dictionaries. Lastly a theoretically founded model is developed for the
planning and compilation of translation LSP dictionaries that address a wide range of problems and
meet the specific needs of professional translators.
32
Clark, Hilary Anne. "The idea of a fictional encyclopaedia : Finnegans wake, Paradis, the Cantos." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25575.
Full textAbstract:
This study concerns itself with the phenomenon of literary encyclopaedism, as especially evident in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, Philippe Sollers' Paradis and Ezra Pound's Cantos. The study focuses on developing the notion of an encyclopaedic literary mode and on establishing the existence of a genre of fictional encyclopaedias. It finds an encyclopaedic mode in literature to be one comprehending and imitating other literary modes, both mimetic and didactic. Further, the idea of a fictional encyclopaedia is developed through an understanding of the traits of the neighbouring forms of essay, Menippean satire and epic, and through an understanding of the paradoxes associated with the making of the non-fictional encyclopaedia.
The fictional encyclopaedia thus comprehends and exceeds the following traits:
1. A tension, characteristic of the essay, between integrated autobiography and impersonal (and ultimately fragmented) exposition of the categories of knowledge.
2. A tension, characteristic of the Menippean satire, between tale and digression, between a single narrating subject and a multiplicity of transient narrating voices. The menippea also contributes a simultaneous preoccupation with the most sacred and the most profane subjects. 3. A totalizing drive characteristic of the epic, a desire--rivalling the urge to tell a story--to list or include all aspects of the culture in the epic past. The fictional encyclopaedia also translates into fiction the following paradoxes associated with the encyclopaedic enterprise:
1. The recognition, implicit in the drive to trace a complete and eternally-perfect circle of the arts and sciences, that encyclopaedic knowledge is always ultimately incomplete and obsolete.
2. The recognition, at the heart of the attempt to produce an objective and unmediated picture of the world, that encyclopaedic knowledge is ideologically shaped and textually mediated.
The dominance of the encyclopaedic gesture in Finnegans Wake, Paradis and the Cantos allows us to account for the characteristic length, obscurity and "bookishness" of these works; they absorb the traits and tensions of essay, Menippean satire and epic while yet exceeding these traits in their fictional translation of the encyclopaedic paradoxes noted above. This translation manifests itself in each work as a characteristic parodic hesitation before the authority of totalizing predecessors; it manifests itself in the texts' fascination with images of a paradisiacal completion and timelessness, a tendency that is undercut by a repetitive, digressive or fragmented form which asserts the inevitability of time and incompletion. Further, the Wake, Paradis and the Cantos, in their overt and extensive intertextual activity, emphasize the textual boundaries of encyclopaedic knowledge. Nonetheless, in their foregrounding and valorization of speech rhythms, the works also repeat the challenge that the encyclopaedia brings to its own limited nature as written book.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>English, Department of<br>Graduate
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Zedelmaier, Helmut. "Bibliotheca universalis und bibliotheca selecta : das Problem der Ordnung des gelehrten Wissens in der frühen Neuzeit /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37485660d.
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譚燕芬 and Yin-fun Jenny Thumb. "Dictionary look-up strategies and the bilingualised learners' dictionary: a think-aloud study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243666.
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Jonsson, Sandström Karin. ""Det vi gör är på något sätt ändå att berätta en slags story om hur världen ser ut" : Kategoriskapande och marginalisering på svenskspråkiga Wikipedia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352642.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how categorisation of marginalised groups is done on Swedish Wikipedia. Taking its starting point in social constructionism and critical knowledge organisation research, classic knowledge organization is seen as inherently flawed. In its quest for universal knowledge organisation systems, the fact that knowledge is contingent (emerging and constructed), is obscured. This runs the risk of marginalising marginalised groups further. Instead it is claimed that knowledge organization systems ought to strive for transparency by inviting its users to witness and take part in the knowledge process. A discourse analysis was made on two source materials: an interview study with three editors of Swedish Wikipedia and openly available discussion threads from Swedish Wikipedia. The result of the discourse analysis shows that the wider to write at Wikipedia discourse contains two nodal points: neutrality and consensus. The neutrality nodal point is a floating signifier in the sense that two different discourses try to give it two different meanings. In one of the discourses neutrality is seen as possible to achieve when describing reality. Categorisation is uncomplicated, it is simply a case of reflecting the categories that already exist ”out there”. In another discourse neutrality is seen as something impossible to achieve when describing reality because it is ever-changing and many-faceted. Categorisation is hard and complicated. Between these two discourses there is a discursive struggle which is mitigated by the nodal point consensus. Through discussions leading to consensus a ”neutral enough” way of describing the world is achieved. Categorisation on Wikipedia can thus be seen to achieve the transparency that critical knowledge organization research requests: the categories are results of discussions that all reading users can access. But there is doubt as to how many of the reading users of Wikipedia actually find and read the discussion pages. If there are only a few who ever finds the discussions, the transparency remains low and the constructed nature of Wikipedias knowledge organization system remains obscured. This is a two years Master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.
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Wilkins, Peter Duncan. "The transformation of the circle : an exploration of the post-encyclopaedic text." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26939.
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Any text which criticizes, undermines and/or transforms the encyclopaedic ideal of ordering and textualizing the world in a closed, linear fashion can be defined as a post-encyclopaedic text. This thesis explores both theoretical and artistic texts which inhabit the realm of post-encyclopaedism.
In the past, critical speculation on encyclopaedism in literature has been concerned with the ways in which artistic texts attempt to live up to the encyclopaedic ideal. In some cases, this effort to establish an identity between the artistic text and the encyclopaedia has led to an ignorance of the disruptive or even deconstructive effects of so-called fictional encyclopaedias. Once we recognize the existence of such effects, we must begin to examine the techniques and possibilities of post-encyclopaedism.
Hence we can see post-encyclopaedic qualities in the condensed meta-encyclopaedism of Jorge Luis Borges' "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", the disrupted quests for encyclopaedic revelation in Herman Melville's Moby Dick and Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow, and the principle of textualized world as fugue in Louis Zukofsky's "A"-12.
In addition, we can create a theoretical space for the post-encyclopaedic text by weaving together Mikhail Bakhtin'sideas on the novel as opposed to the epic, Michel Foucault's notion of restructuring the closed circle of the text through mirrored writing, Jurij Lotman's theory of internal and external recoding in texts, and Umberto Eco's concept of the open text.
By combining an investigation of theoretical and artistic texts which lend themselves to post-encyclopaedism, we can create a generic distinction between texts which attempt to be encyclopaedic in themselves: and texts which disrupt and/or transform the encyclopaedic ideal<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>English, Department of<br>Graduate
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Yahiaoui, Abdelghani. "Conception et développement d'un outil d'aide à la traduction anglais/arabe basé sur des corpus parallèles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2042.
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Dans cette thèse, nous abordons la réalisation d’un outil innovant d’aide à la traduction anglais/arabe pour répondre au besoin croissant en termes d’outils en ligne d’aide à la traduction centrés sur la langue arabe. Cet outil combine des dictionnaires adaptés aux spécificités de la langue arabe et un concordancier bilingue issu des corpus parallèles. Compte tenu de sa nature agglutinante et non voyellée, le mot arabe nécessite un traitement spécifique. C’est pourquoi, et pour construire nos ressources lexicales, nous nous sommes basés sur l’analyseur morphologique de Buckwalter qui, d’une part, permet une analyse morphologique en tenant compte de la composition complexe du mot arabe (proclitique, préfixe, radical, suffixe, enclitique), et qui, d’autre part, fournit des ressources traductionnelles permettant une réadaptation au sein d’un système de traduction. Par ailleurs, cet analyseur morphologique est compatible avec l’approche définie autour de la base de données DIINAR (DIctionnaire Informatisé de l’Arabe), qui a été construite, entre autres, par des membres de notre équipe de recherche. Pour répondre à la problématique du contexte dans la traduction, un concordancier bilingue a été développé à partir des corpus parallèles Ces derniers représentent une ressource linguistique très intéressante et ayant des usages multiples, en l’occurrence l’aide à la traduction. Nous avons donc étudié de près ces corpus, leurs méthodes d’alignement, et nous avons proposé une approche mixte qui améliore significativement la qualité d’alignement sous-phrastique des corpus parallèles anglais-arabes. Plusieurs technologies informatiques ont été utilisées pour la mise en œuvre de cet outil d’aide à la traduction qui est disponible en ligne (tarjamaan.com), et qui permet à l’utilisateur de chercher la traduction de millions de mots et d’expressions tout en visualisant leurs contextes originaux. Une évaluation de cet outil a été faite en vue de son optimisation et de son élargissement pour prendre en charge d’autres paires de langues<br>We create an innovative English/Arabic translation aid tool to meet the growing need for online translation tools centered on the Arabic language. This tool combines dictionaries appropriate to the specificities of the Arabic language and a bilingual concordancer derived from parallel corpora. Given its agglutinative and unvoweled nature, Arabic words require specific treatment. For this reason, and to construct our dictionary resources, we base on Buckwalter's morphological analyzer which, on the one hand, allows a morphological analysis taking into account the complex composition of the Arabic word (proclitic, prefix, stem, suffix, enclitic), and on the other hand, provides translational resources enabling rehabilitation in a translation system. Furthermore, this morphological analyzer is compatible with the approach defined around the DIINAR database (DIctionnaire Informatisé de l’Arabe - Computerized Dictionary for Arabic), which was constructed, among others, by members of our research team. In response to the contextual issue in translation, a bilingual concordancer was developed from parallel corpora. The latter represent a novel linguistic resource with multiple uses, in this case aid for translation. We therefore closely analyse these corpora, their alignment methods, and we proposed a mixed approach that significantly improves the quality of sub-sentential alignment of English-Arabic corpora. Several technologies have been used for the implementation of this translation aid tool which have been made available online (tarjamaan.com) and which allow the user to search the translation of millions of words and expressions while visualizing their original contexts. An evaluation of this tool has been made with a view to its optimization and its enlargement to support other language pairs
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"《太平御覽》引《淮南子》研究". 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896153.
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陳綺婷.<br>"2004年8月".<br>論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004.<br>參考文獻 (leaves 1-7).<br>附中英文摘要.<br>"2004 nian 8 yue".<br>Chen Qiting.<br>Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004.<br>Can kao wen xian (leaves 1-7).<br>Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.<br>Chapter (1)第一部份： --- 硏究《淮南子》與類書的背景資料 --- p.1<br>Chapter 一、 --- 《淮南子》的注本與流傳<br>Chapter 二、 --- 類書資料簡述<br>Chapter 1. --- 槪論<br>Chapter 2. --- 類書源起、體裁及應用<br>Chapter 2. 1 --- .類書的起源<br>Chapter 3. --- 類書內容略述<br>Chapter 4 . --- 《太平御覽》的體例及對於古籍校勘的作用<br>Chapter 5 . --- 以《太平御覽》爲硏究對象的原因<br>Chapter 5 . 1 --- 其他類書引文太少<br>Chapter 5 . 2 --- 其他類書過份割裂原文<br>Chapter 5 . 3 --- 其他類書引用古籍正文及注文相混<br>Chapter 5 . 4 --- 其他類書材料不可盡據<br>第一部份總結<br>Chapter (2)第二部份： --- 文本問題一一《太平御覽》詮釋《淮南子》硏究 --- p.25<br>Chapter 1. --- 引言<br>Chapter 2. --- 詮釋學的起源、定義及發展<br>Chapter 3. --- 類書對文獻資料的詮釋<br>Chapter 4. --- 《太平御覽》詮釋《淮南子》的現象<br>Chapter 4.1. --- 删去《道應訓》故事末「老子曰」<br>Chapter 4.1.1 --- 删「老子曰」<br>Chapter 4.1.2. --- 保留「老子曰」<br>Chapter 4.2. --- 《太平御覽》「兵部」對《淮南子´Ø兵略訓》的詮釋<br>Chapter 5 . --- 「事物的秩序」一一《太平御覽》中部類的排列次序與詮釋學的關係<br>第二部份總結<br>Chapter (3)第三部份： --- 文獻問題一《太平御覽》引用《淮南子》的情況與 校理古籍之關係 --- p.56<br>Chapter 1 . --- 《太平御覽》省略《淮南子》正文例<br>Chapter 2 . --- 《太平御覽》省略《淮南子》注文例<br>Chapter 3. --- 以《太平御覽》引文校正今本《淮南子》例子舉隅<br>Chapter 3.1. --- 《太平御覽》所引文義較今本《淮南子》優勝者<br>Chapter 3.2. --- 《太平御覽》所引可補今本《淮南子》之脫文<br>Chapter 3.3. --- 以《太平御覽》所引見今本《淮南子》之誤字<br>Chapter 4. --- 《太平御覽》引《淮南子》版本硏究<br>Chapter 4.1. --- 《太平御覽》引同一條《淮南子》文句不一<br>Chapter 4.2. --- 《太平御覽》轉引《水經注》內的《淮南子》文<br>附論一一《太平御覽》引文之特例<br>Chapter (4)第四部份： --- 《太平御覽》引《淮南子》注文硏究 --- p.88<br>Chapter 1. --- 《太平御覽》引《淮南子》注文中的音注問題<br>Chapter 2. --- 《太平御覽》引《淮南子》可用以判別許、高注異同者<br>Chapter 3. --- 《太平御覽》與許、高注今本對讀所見之異文<br>本節結論<br>Chapter (5)第五部份： --- 《太平御覽》所見《淮南子》佚文 --- p.147<br>Chapter (6)第六部份： --- 《太平御覽》引《文子》與《淮南子》關係考 --- p.152<br>Chapter (7) --- 全文總結 --- p.171<br>Chapter (8) --- 附錄：<br>附錄一： 魏晉至南宋主要類書一覽表<br>附錄二：《太平御覽》引《淮南子》對抄<br>附錄三：《太平御覽》「兵部」與《淮南子´Ø兵略訓》對應資料<br>附錄四：《太平御覽》引〈道應訓〉與今本《淮南子´Ø道應訓》對抄<br>附錄五：《太平御覽》引《文子》與今本《文子》及《淮南子對抄》<br>Chapter (9) --- 參考書目及論文
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Huang, Da-Fu. "Taiwanese university English majors' beleifs [i.e. beliefs] about English dictionaries and their dictionary strategy use." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116090.
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Young, Sandra M. "Compendious extracts of strange and memorable things sixteenth-century compilations and the new world." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17238.
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Jneid, Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Critical examination of some Arabic-German and Arabic-English dictionaries / vorgelegt von Ahmed Jneid." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988593262/34.
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Robertson, Judith Smyth. "Australian lexicography 1880-1910." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151727.
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Huang, Dafu. "Taiwanese university English majors' beleifs [i.e. beliefs] about English dictionaries and their dictionary strategy use." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12054.
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"吳淑《事類賦》研究". 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896418.
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陳佩瑜.<br>"2005年7月".<br>論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005.<br>參考文獻(leaves 1-19, 2nd group).<br>"2005 nian 7 yue".<br>Abstracts in Chinese and English.<br>Chen Peiyu.<br>Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005.<br>Can kao wen xian (leaves 1-19, 2nd group).<br>提要 --- p.i<br>Abstract --- p.ii<br>Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1-6<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究動機 --- p.1<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究方法 --- p.3<br>Chapter 第二章 --- 吳淑生平背景、《事類賦》的成書及刊本 --- p.7-41<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 吳淑的生平 --- p.7<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 吳淑的著作 --- p.9<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》的成書背景 --- p.11<br>Chapter 第四節 --- 刊本及流傳 --- p.34<br>章節附錄〔一〕：《事類賦》的版本與流傳 --- p.36<br>Chapter 第三章 --- 《事類賦》的體系和分類 --- p.42-74<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.42<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 《事類賦》的內容體例 --- p.49<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 類書的分類思想 --- p.52<br>Chapter 第四節 --- 《事類賦》的分類背景 --- p.61<br>Chapter 第四章 --- 賦體類書´ؤ´ؤ《事類賦》 --- p.75-125<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 賦體的特點與類書之關係 --- p.75<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 「賦寫類書」 --- p.87<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》的賦體格局 --- p.98<br>Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.124<br>Chapter 第五章 --- 《事類賦》的命名及藝文特色 --- p.126-176<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 「事類」考釋 --- p.126<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 《事類賦》的藝文特色 --- p.147<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 小結：《事類賦》與文學 --- p.175<br>Chapter 第六章 --- 《事類賦》在元明的流傳與清人的續書 --- p.177-214<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 類書的續補情況及續補原因 --- p.177<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 刊刻、續補《事類賦》與時代之關係 --- p.181<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》在清代續補的原因 --- p.190<br>Chapter 第四節 --- 《事類賦》在清代的續補 --- p.205<br>Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.213<br>Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.215-216<br>參考書目 (1)-(19)<br>附錄 --- p.1-62<br>附錄一：《事類賦》、李嶠《雜詠》及《文苑英華》詩賦分類對照表 --- p.1<br>附錄二 ：《事類賦注》天部賦篇用韻及對偶簡表 --- p.5<br>附錄三：附錄三：《事類賦》引用的賦篇篇目簡表 --- p.60
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Keen, Elizabeth Joy. "From Bartholomaeus to Batman : four hundred years of the properties of things." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148660.
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