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Davey, Richard John. "Coastal Dhofārī Arabic : a sketch grammar." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/coastal-dhofari-arabic-a-sketch-grammar(74ebca0b-9ebf-4ab0-b97c-f02f2acef013).html.
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This thesis provides an extensive overview of the main linguistic features of coastal Dhofārī Arabic, the southern-most governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, and in particular the historical Arabic-speaking communities found on its coastal plain. The study is subdivided into key sections on phonology, morphology, local and temporal relations, adverbs and particles, and syntax. It also examines some of the features identified by these sections in a separate chapter on grammaticalization theory, seeking to explain the diachronic development of function words, as well as their synchronic usage in coastal Dhofārī Arabic today. A brief lexicon is given, based on the Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte / Word Atlas of Arabic Dialects (WAD) semantic lexical categories, and supplemented with further lexical data from questionnaire and free speech recordings. The study finds that coastal Dhofārī Arabic shares common features with the Arabic dialects spoken in neighbouring Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and with the northern Arabic dialects of the Sultanate of Oman. It preserves the voiced and voiceless interdental phonemes /θ/, and /ð/, retains the voiceless uvular plosive /q/, and demonstrates variable levels of the vowel raising feature Imāla, which is found in other coastal communities within Arabia. Morphologically, it is typical of northern Omani Arabic dialects by its retention of more complex patterns of feminine plural agreement, both for human referents and for non-human referents. It exhibits feminine plural agreement for personal and demonstrative pronouns, and in the latter there are two separate forms of the pronoun which may indicate traces of a more complex, historical gender and number agreement system. These conservative agreement patterns are also found with verb inflection, where coastal Dhofāri still retains the plural feminine inflection morphology. Unlike the northern Arabic dialects of Oman, this dialect retains only vestiges of the ablaut passive voice, similar to that of its closest neighbouring dialect of Yemeni Arabic in Wadi Ḥaḍramawt, with which there are also strong historical relations. In terms of grammaticalization, this dialect has prominent tense / aspect / and mood verbal prefixes such as the /bi-/ continuous aspect verb prefix, the /bā-/ future marker, and the particles /ʕād/ and /qad/, in common with southern Arabian dialects extending into the Saudi Arabian Nejd, and also with some of the Modern South Arabian Languages. Its use of the analytic genitive possessive linkers /ḥaqq/ and /māl/ are notably more prominent that was previously thought, and warrant further investigation into their functional, grammatical roles. Despite the rich array of features found in this dialect, it faces strong pressure from MSA, and many of the original communities that spoke this dialect have been resettled as part of regional development since the 1970s. It is hoped therefore that this account of CDA will generate interest in its future study as well.
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Nakao, Shuichiro. "A Grammar of Juba Arabic." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225334.
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Al-Bahri, Khaled Waleed. "A grammar of Hadari Arabic : a contrastive-typological perspective." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49238/.
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This thesis provides a synchronic morphosyntactic description of the Hadari dialect, a variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in Kuwait, and presents a current documentation of this rapidly changing, under documented spoken dialect of Arabic. The description covers the basic morphology and syntax of Hadari, focusing mainly on the syntax. The description refers to Modern Standard Arabic both as a point of comparison and a point of reference when describing the spoken dialect's morphology and syntax. The study also draws on discussion of existing descriptions of the dialect and reflects upon their current adequacy. This thesis adopts a typological approach to describing the Hadari dialect, making reference both to Greenbergian typology and to modern typological theory. Two of the main typological theories applied in this description include an application of Matthew Dryer's exceptionless properties of V-initial languages (1990) and of the Branching Direction Theory (Dryer1992), to the spoken dialect. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the similarities and differences between Modern Standard Arabic and Hadari, regarding the expression of various syntactic aspects. One of the more significant contributions in this section is the typological description of the relative clause in Hadari. Furthermore, the thesis provides descriptions of clause structure, word order, modality, valency, copular clauses, interrogatives, negation, and subordination, in Hadari. The analysis is based on empirical data from recordings of everyday interactions in uncontrolled environment, television shows, radio broadcasts, and personal interviews.
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Abdunnabi, Awad Wanis. "A descriptive grammar of Libyan Arabic : a structural method." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370015.
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Ali, Mashail Haydar M. "The expression of modality in Modern Standard Arabic." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241834.
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Edwards, Malcolm Howell. "A generalised phrase structure grammar analysis of colloquial Egyptian Arabic." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247629.
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This thesis proposes and defends a let of analyses of various aspects of the phrase structure of colloquial Egyptian Arabic (EA) clause structure, using the Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) framework of Gazdar, Klein, Pullum and Sag (1985). In the first chapter the constituency of simple clause types is examined and it is argued that EA is a "configurational" SVO language with a VP constituent. These two proposals form the basis for the analyses developed in subsequent chapters. The second chapter pursues the themes of the first, examining the syntax of so-called "nominal" (verbless) sentences, and offering a unified account of both verbal and nominal sentence types. Chapter 3 is concerned with clausal complementation, and shows that under certain assumptions motivated in earlier chapters, the GPSG framework allows for a concise account of a number of hitherto problematic constructions. Chapter 4 is devoted to the syntax of subjects, and in particular to a discussion of "pro-drop" in EA. The relationship between the possibility of missing subjects, word order, and inflection is investigated, and an analysis of cliticisation is proposed which has implications for other areas of the grammar especially relative clauses, which are the subject of Chapter 5.The final chapter is concerned exclusively with the synta~ of relative clauses. A grammar for relative clauses is formulated, in which resumptive pronouns are generated using the feature SLASH. Under the analysis of relative clauses proposed here, the syntax of both subject and object relatives falls out from the interaction of a number of independent facts about EA grammar, and requires no special statement. Throughout the work the aim is to highlight important issues in the syntax of EA, and to offer accounts of these aspects of the grammar which involve the smallest amount of syntactic machinery and achieve maximum generality.
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Al-Qudah, Hatem Ahmed. "Students and the teaching of Arabic grammar at Jordanian schools." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9841/.
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The main purpose of this study is to explore the reasons for students' weaknesses in grammar at Jordanian schools, taking as an example the upper basic stage (ages 14-16 years) in the Al-karak district. The study consists of nine chapters; the first three chapters explain the background and context of the study, the teaching of Arabic grammar in Jordan and the heart of the problem together with an outline of previous research. The fourth chapter explains the methodology and procedures of the study. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth chapters present the findings of the study and a discussion of the findings. And finally the ninth chapter is the conclusion and recommendations of the study. This chapter points out that some further research is needed in the area of grammar learning and teaching. The methods of data collection were the questionnaire and interview. One questionnaire was developed, directed to the teachers of Arabic and the students of the upper basic stage (eighth, ninth and tenth grades). The interviews were conducted with teachers of Arabic, students and the education supervisors. The sample of the questionnaire was 700 students and 135 teachers. The sample of the interview was 10 teachers, 15 students who were selected upon their willingness to be interviewed. 7 education supervisors who form the whole population were also interviewed. The collected data was analysed based on the frequencies and percentages of the responses. They showed several reasons for students' weaknesses in grammar which attracted high percentages of the participants' acceptance. For instance, 70 per cent of students considered the unavailability of audiovisual aids one of the reasons for their weaknesses in grammar. About half (58.6 per cent) of the students considered the lack of standard Arabic being used by the teachers of other subjects as one of the reasons for the weaknesses. From the teachers' point of view, two reasons attracted the vast majority (89.6 per cent) of their agreement. The first one was students' belief that the formal assessment for students' achievement is lenient. The second one was the lack of previous knowledge of grammar amongst students. The next strong reason for the weaknesses was students' belief that grammar is difficult to understand. Students' carelessness with previous preparation for grammar lessons was also considered one of the strong reasons for the weaknesses in grammar. Education supervisors emphasised that the procedures of teachers appointments are not based on the criteria of teachers' quality and that makes it possible to nominate some teachers who are not able to teach grammar successfully. They also blamed the lack of effective preparation for grammar lessons by the teachers. The supervisors stressed the teachers' weaknesses in grammar. There were many other more subtle reasons for the students' problems which are discussed in depth. The study came up with several recommendations to develop grammar teaching in Jordan as well as some further research related to this study. The original contribution of this study is the combination between the perceptions of students, teachers and education supervisors which enriches the data. It also discussed the procedures of teachers' appointing as one of the issues most neglected by most of the previous studies.
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Dhanoon, Mahmood M. "A new pragmatic theory of focus and emphasis : a textlinguistic analysis of focus, emphasis proper and specificational emphasis in modern standard Arabic." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1357.
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Peate, J. "A construction grammar approach to spatial prepositions in modern standard Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38099/.
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The study adopts a construction grammar approach to examining the meaning of spatial prepositions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), critically examines traditional accounts of the semantic character and syntactic role of MSA prepositions and posits an alternative approach based on construction grammar theory and findings from interrogation of corpora. Arguments about the nature of prepositions and their role in meaning construction have long been afflicted by circularity and methodological opportunism. The theoretical premises of the study are crucially informed by the works of William Croft and Ronald Langacker on aspects of construction grammar; George Lakoff, Ronald Langacker and Leonard Talmy on grammatical theory and lexical categories; George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and others on conceptual metaphor; and Gilles Fauconnier and others on conceptual blending. The study attempts not just to address the limitations of formalist approaches, but also to develop a functionalist approach to the characterisation of MSA spatial prepositions, something largely unaddressed hitherto. The study incorporates extensive qualitative analysis and some quantitative data. It includes a critical discussion of lexically driven accounts of meaning, based on findings from this data, and posits a non-reductionist construction-based account. It addresses the distinction made between 'true' prepositions (^-*jj^ j^ 1 hurufal-jarr) and spatio-temporal contextualisers: 'conditions of place and time' (j^-j^j u^ 1 ^= zarfa al-makan wa-alzamari). It also includes comparative analysis of MSA and British English (BE), through the interrogation of a multi-genre translational corpus, to examine issues of languagespecificity in the category 'preposition'. The study suggests that MSA prepositions can be understood as a category only through taxanomic resemblances of a radial character, that their meaning is both construction- and language-specific and that they exhibit semantic diversity on a spectrum of schematicity, which is largely diachronic in formative character. The specificities of MSA prepositions cannot be adduced to universal syntactic categories and researchers need to eschew analysis framed by the categories of English or other 'reference' languages. The study finally suggests future areas of investigation.
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Elesseily, Nagat Hassan. "Subject extraction from embedded clauses in standard Arabic." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25385.
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Standard Arabic exhibits 'that trace' effect in one instance in the extraction of the subject from an 'anna' clause while the extraction of the object and the subject of an 'an' clause may be extracted freely in the formation of WH-question. The extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause may not be extracted unless the extracted position is marked by a clitic on the complementizer 'anna'. If the clitic appears in place of the moved NP in an 'an' clause it renders the sentence ungrammatical.
The adoption of the Government and Binding Framework, Chomsky (1981), (1982) and in particular Case Theory, Government theory and the Empty Category Principle (ECP) enable us to explain this distinct behaviour in the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause and show that the appearance of the clitic is predicted by the proposed analysis. It is argued that the clitic appears in the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause in order to properly govern the trace left by the extracted subject, and so as not to violate ECP. Since verbs are proper governors in SA, extraction of the subject of an 'an' clause must apply from a governed position. In fact this is exactly what our analysis predicts. Since 'an' is not a case assigner and since we are assuming that government and case are assigned only to the right, AGR and verb preposing are obligatory in an 'an' clause to assign case to the subject NP. Therefore extraction of the subject leaves a trace properly governed by the verb. In the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause on the other hand, since 'anna' is a case assigner and assigns a cusative case to its subject, AGR and verb preposing may not apply. Thus, the extraction of the subject leaves a trace which is not properly governed in violation of ECP, and the clitic must appear in order to properly govern the trace left by movement.Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate
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Orbeidat, M. S. "Expressionalization in standard Arabic : A study in the light of historical development of Arabic grammar, rhetoric, jurisprudence and modern approaches." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234557.
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Yoda, Sumikazu. "The Arabic dialect of the jews in Tripoli (Libya) grammar, text and glossary." Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2631107&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Al-Jaafreh, Khaddra. "Teaching styles in the delivery of Arabic grammar in the south of Jordan." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270440.
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Hassan, Fakhri. ""Grammatical controversy on the temporality of the imperfect tense in the Qur’ānic text" Is it Mu’rab (declinable) or Mabnī (indeclinable)?" University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6601.
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Magister Artium - MAThis research discusses the temporality of Al-Fi’l Al-Moḍāri’ (present tense) in Arabic in terms of structure and case endings. It also focuses on the time of the imperfect tense and how it is affected by the Adawāt (particles) and justification as well as the meaning, context and the purpose of the sentence. The study also investigates the controversial issues on finding a standardized definition of the actual imperfect tense in order to distinguish it from the outwardly one. It also investigates the changes which the imperfect tense undergoes when preceded by particles and how they change the case endings from Mabnī (Indicative) into Mu’rab apocopate (to be Jussive or Subjunctive). Another focus is investigating the reason why the tense of the verb that comes after particles of negation, prohibition, justification and denial is always imperfect not perfect or future, regardless of the context and the purpose of the text, and the reason as to why this rule applies to all Qur'ānic verses which contradict this rule when being parsed. In addition, it uses semiotics to explain the imperfect tense in the Qur'ānic verses and investigates the effectiveness of applying abstention and assembly to distinguish between the tense and it's meaning in the Qur'ānic text. This can help to determine the actual time of the tense in the Qur'ānic text which in turn helps to parse the imperfect tense correctly and to justify why there is a case ending which contradicts the grammar rules. The correct parsing of the imperfect tense, including indicative, subjunctive and jussive, will pave the way for more attempts to rectify the interpretation of the Qur'ānic verses which create controversy. This can be achieved by presenting the verses which contradict the rules of parsing, making hypotheses, analyzing them and then parsing them in a logical way utilizing an analytical approach.
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Sartori, Manuel. "Le Šarḥ al-Kāfiyaẗ de Ibn al-Ḥāǧib : édition critique d’un manuscrit grammatical arabe du VII e/XIII e siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3064.
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Édition critique d'un traité grammatical arabe du viie/xiiie siècle, dit Imlāʾ ʿalā al-Kāfiyaẗ(«la Scolie du Précis») ou Šarḥ al-Kāfiyaẗ («Le Commentaire du Précis»), ce travail présente l'autocommentaire (1-601) fait par Ibn al-Ḥāğib (désormais IḤ, m. 646/1249) de son propre épitomé grammatical, al-Kāfiyaẗ fī al-naḥw («le Précis en syntaxe»), lui-même résumé du Mufaṣṣal («Capitulaire») de Zamaḫšarī (m. 538/1144). Cette édition se fonde sur quatre sources : trois manuscrits médiévaux (Damas ixe/xve, Dublin xe/xive et Londres 717/1317) et une édition imprimée ancienne (Istanbul, 1311/1894). Un ensemble de notes d'apparat critique justifient le choix de l'éditeur scientifique. Le texte est par ailleurs complété par une table détaillé des matières/notions, des index (versets coraniques, vers poétiques et auteurs cités) et une bibliographie. L'édition est introduite par une partie française qui rapelle l'histoire de l'édition occidentale de textes grammaticaux arabes dans laquelle elle s'insère (Introduction, I, ii-viii) et présente les détails techniques de l'édition en question (Int., II, ix-xvi). Ce travail s'attarde ensuite sur la vie de IḤ et présente ses maîtres, disciples et entourage afin de mieux connaître ce grammairien et jurologue arabe médiéval (Présentation, I, 2-28)This work, as a critical edition of an Arabic grammatical treatise from the seventh/thirteenth century, called al-Imlāʾ ʿalā al-Kāfiyaẗ(«The Scolia of the Precis») or Šarḥ al-Kāfiyaẗ(«The Commentary on the Precis»), presents the self-commentary (p. 1-601) made by Ibnn al-Ḥāğib (now IḤ, d. 646/1249) of its own grammatical epitome, al-Kāfiyaẗfī al-naḥw («The Precis of the Syntax»), itself being the Mufaṣṣal's summary of Zamaḫšaī's (d. 538/1144). This edition is based on four sources: three medieval manuscripts (Damascus ninth/fifteenth, Dublin tenth/fourteenth and London 717/1317) and an ancient printed edition (Istanbul, 1311/1894). A set of notes that are critical apparatus justify the choice of the editor. The text is also supplemented with a detailes table of contents/concepts, index (Qur'anic verses, poetic verses and quoted authors) and an bibliography. The edition is introduced by a French section that reminds the history of Western editing of Arabic grammatical texts in which this work takes place (Introductio, I, ii-viii) and presents the technical details of the edition in question (Int., II, ix-xvi). Then this work focuses on IḤ's life and presents his masters, followres and acquaintance to learn more about this medieval Arab grammarian and law specialist (Presentation, I, 28-28). Follows a presentation of the works of IḤ, both in grammar and law fields and, in detail, the basic texte (matn) of the self-commentary, al-Kāfiyaẗ(Pres., II, 29-40)
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Hawas, Hamid Mohammed R. "The realization of definiteness in English and Arabic : a contrastive/error analysis study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264127.
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Akkari, Karim. "Langue légitime ou légitimation du discours : étude comparative sur le rapport des grammairiens avec les différents corpus d'énoncés de l'arabe normatif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC031.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au corpus d’énoncés reconnu légitime pour asseoir un parler dit « normatif ». L’engouement pour la langue des Arabes et son apprentissage s’est fait - depuis la propagation de l’Islam - de plus en plus fort. L’arabe devient alors objet d’étude. Très tôt, à une époque encore discutée, s’organise une grande collecte des éléments constitutifs de ce qui allait servir de base à l’établissement des codes linguistiques de la langue arabe. En parallèle, s’effectue également une autre collecte : celle des récits sur les dits et faits du Prophète Muḥammad, composant le corpus du Hadith (ou de la Tradition dans une plus large mesure). Ainsi, le Hadith est-il incontestablement devenu une des sources les plus importantes, presque incontournable dans les sciences arabo-islamiques. À la mesure de la place qu’il occupe dans beaucoup de disciplines, on aurait pu s’attendre à ce qu’il ait une légitimité prépondérante dans le domaine de la grammaire arabe mais il n’en est pas ainsi. Contre toute attente, le Hadith semble n’arriver qu’à une place subalterne. Le grammairien, qui tient un discours ou une discussion sur la langue, se base sur un corpus d’énoncés reconnu légitime pour asseoir des règles grammaticales et celui-ci regroupe essentiellement le Coran et les propos arabes (poésie et prose anciennes). Dans le discours grammatical, le Hadith n’est peut-être pas absent, mais il voit sa légitimité extrêmement discutée. Nous avons essayé d’éclaircir ce point en inscrivant cette polémique dans un questionnement plus global. Nous nous sommes intéressé à l’étude du rapport entre la légitimité de la langue et les différents corpus qui forment son assise. Quels ont été les critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion entrant en compte pour la constitution de ce corpus ? Quel outil représentait chacun des textes (Coran, Hadith et Kalam al-ˁArab) pour le grammairien ? Au-delà des assertions, nous avons observé l’attitude du grammairien avec ces différents textes prenant soin de mettre en exergue à la fois les particularités mais aussi les points communs de ces sourcesThis thesis deals with the corpus of statements recognized as legitimate in order to establish a so-called "normative" speech. The enthusiasm for the Arabic language and its study became increasingly strong with the spread of Islam. Arabic becomes an object of study. Very early on, at a time still being discussed, a large collection of elements constituting what would serve as a basis for the establishment of the linguistic codes of the Arabic language was organized. At the same time, there is also another collection: that of the narratives on the said and the facts of the Prophet Muḥammad, composing the corpus of Hadith (or Tradition to a greater extent). Thus, the Hadith has undoubtedly become one of the most important sources, almost impossible to circumvent in the Arab-Islamic sciences. Given the major role it plays in many disciplines, one might have expected it to have a preponderant legitimacy in the field of Arabic grammar, but this is not so. Against all expectations, the Hadith seems to arrive only at a subordinate place. The grammarian, who holds a discourse or a discussion on the language, bases himself on a corpus of statements recognized as legitimate in order to establish grammatical rules. This corpus essentially groups together the Quran and the words of the Arabs (ancient poetry and prose). In grammatical discourse, the Hadith may not be absent, but its legitimacy is extremely debated. We have tried to clarify this by putting this polemic into a more global questioning. We are interested in studying the relationship between the legitimacy of the language and the different corpuses that form its foundation. What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the constitution of this corpus? What tool did each of the texts (Qur'an, Hadith and Kalam al-ˁArab) represent for the grammarian? Beyond the assertions, we have observed the attitude of the grammarian toward these different texts taking care to highlight both the peculiarities but also the common points of these sources
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Al-Liabi, Majda Majeed. "Computational support for learners of Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-support-for-learners-of-arabic(abd20b76-3ba2-4e11-8aa5-459ec6d8d7d2).html.
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This thesis documents the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and its contribution to the learning experience of students studying Arabic as a foreign language. The goal of this project is to build an Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) system that provides computational assistance to learners of Arabic by teaching grammar, producing homework and issuing students with immediate feedback. To produce this system we use the Parasite system, which produces morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis of textual input, and extend it to provide error detection and diagnosis. The methodology we adopt involves relaxing constraints on unification so that correct information contained in a badly formed sentence may still be used to obtain a coherent overall analysis. We look at a range of errors, drawn from experience with learners at various levels, covering word internal problems (addition of inappropriate affixes, failure to apply morphotactic rules properly) and problems with relations between words (local constraints on features, and word order problems). As feedback is an important factor in learning, we look into different types of feedback that can be used to evaluate which is the most appropriate for the aim of our system.
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Louhichi, Imed. "The 'motionisation' of verbs : a contrastive study of thinking-for-speaking in English and Tunisian Arabic." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/55282/.
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This thesis investigates the idea that the grammatical system of a language influences aspects of thought patterns and communicative behaviour. It examines the linguistic conceptualisation of motion events in English and Tunisian Arabic (TA) in order to contribute to current debates in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research and its associated field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). The main research questions are whether in learning a typologically different language, the conceptualisation acquired through first languages (L1) interferes with the learning of the conceptualisation inherent in a second language (L2). In order to address these questions, I adopt three analytical frameworks: a grammatical framework based on Talmy's (1985, 2000) binary distinction between verb-framed and satellite-framed languages, a discourse framework based on Berman and Slobin's (1994) application of Talmy's typology to verbal behaviour; and a ‘Whorfian' framework based on Slobin's (1987, 1996b) Thinking-for-Speaking' (TfS) hypothesis. A fundamental claim of the TfS hypothesis is that the grammar of a language and the discourse preferences of its speakers play a fundamental role in shaping linguistic thinking. From this follows the prediction that L1-based conceptualisation resists change when a typologically different L2 is learnt in adulthood. A comparison of the TfS behaviours of speakers of L1-English (L1-Eng), L1-TA, and ‘advanced' L2-English (L2-Eng) whose L1 is TA support this prediction. Based on the notion of ‘motionisation' – a term I coin in order to describe a conceptual strategy L1 speakers of English use when TfS about events – I show that linguistic habits are not only decisive in how the same TfS content is expressed (e.g. run from the jar versus run out of the jar), but more importantly, it is decisive in situations where speakers are ‘forced' to pick out different aspects of the same reality for TfS purposes. The findings reported here have implications for L2 English learners, in general, and, in particular, for learners of English whose L1 may be characterised as a verb-framed language.
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Ben, Ayed Hela. "Mood and functional projections." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82828.
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In this dissertation, I investigate the structural representation of mood in a Minimalist framework. This investigation is based on the study of mood particles in Modern Standard Arabic and the way they interact with (i) the verb and (ii) negation. Arabic subjunctive particles are compared to subjunctive Balkan particles.The main suggestion is that Arabic clause structure involves an inflectional projection Modal Phrase (ModP) that hosts the subjunctive particle ?an as well as other mood particles all of which check verbal mood morphology through the operation Agree.
The subjunctive particle ?an is compared to Balkan subjunctive particles and is argued to be an inflectional element rather than a lower complementizer in the sense of Rizzi (1997). In particular, it is suggested that Arabic and Balkan subjunctive particles fall into two types: (i) Type 1 inflectional particles that check a mood feature with the verb and that may occur in clauses lacking the CP layer. These include Arabic ?an and Romanian sǎ, and (ii) Type 2 lower Comp particles that do not check any verbal feature and that require the projection of the CP layer. These include Greek na and Bulgarian da.
As far as the interaction of mood particles with negation, it is suggested that some mood particles including subjunctive ?an may select NegP and check verbal mood across negation. Other particles, however, may not select NegP and are incompatible with negation.
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Viain, Marie. "La taxinomie des traités de grammaire arabe médiévaux (IVe/Xe/VIIIe/XIV siècle), entre représentation de l'articulation conceptuelle de la théorie et visée pratique. : enjeux théoriques, polémiques et pédagogiques des modélisations formelles et sémantiques du marquage casuel." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030083.
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Etude comparative de l’organisation des traités de grammaire arabe médiévaux, cette thèse met en relief les enjeux théoriques, polémiques et pédagogiques de la taxinomie. Les incertitudes quant à la constitution historique de la tradition grammaticale arabe ayant conduit les chercheurs à se focaliser sur la période fondatrice, notamment sur le Kitāb de Sībawayhi, nous avons voulu apprécier à sa juste valeur cet autre aspect moins étudié quoique capital dans le processus de disciplinarisation de la grammaire arabe : le rôle de la taxinomie. En effet, alors que les premiers traités de grammaire n’adoptent pas de plan fondé sur une logique grammaticale claire, se met en place à partir du IV ͤ/X ͤ siècle, sous l’influence méthodologique des logiciens, une classification de la matière linguistique en vue de représenter l’articulation conceptuelle de la théorie. Ce courant taxinomique, dominant entre les IV ͤ/X ͤ-VI ͤ/XII ͤ siècles, témoigne d’une perception plus synthétique de la théorie grammaticale, autant qu’il contribue à en établir la cohérence. Notre point de départ est le Uṣūl d’Ibn al-Sarrāğ (m.315/928), instituteur d’une présentation organisée des données visant à refléter la théorie, notamment les modélisations du marquage casuel, question centrale en grammaire arabe. Ses divisions de la syntaxe par catégories de mots, puis du chapitre du nom par cas et de celui du verbe par modes représentent le modèle formel de la rection, et la hiérarchie des fonctions au sein des rubriques casuelles tend à manifester une modélisation sémantique de chaque cas autour d’une valeur fondamentale. Les successeurs d’Ibn al-Sarrāğ, tel Abū ʿAlī l-Fārisī (m.376/987), améliorent cette organisation dans le sens d’une plus grande univocité de la modélisation sémantique, fondée sur le rôle prédicatif ou non prédicatif des éléments marqués par les cas, ou encore sur leur fonction au sein de la phrase verbale, et dans le sens d’une meilleure cohérence de cette modélisation avec le modèle rectionnel, où le verbe est régissant de base. Le Mufaṣṣal de Zamaḫšarī (m.538/1144) constitue l’apogée de la coïncidence entre organisation des rubriques et articulation conceptuelle de la théorie, et au sein de celle-ci, entre modèles formel et sémantique du marquage casuel. A partir du VII ͤ/XIIIe siècle se développent de brefs opuscules grammaticaux, telles la Alfiyya d’Ibn Mālik (m.610/1274) ou la Ağurrūmiyya d’Ibn Ağurrūm (m.722/1323), dont les présentations s’inspirent de classifications antérieures divergeant du courant alors dominant : succession pratique visant à faciliter l’apprentissage grammatical, comme dans le Ğumal de Zağğāğī (m.347/959), ou représentation plus axée sur le modèle formel de la rection, comme dans la Muqaddima d’Ibn Bābšāḏ (m.469/1077). Ce courant taxinomique nouvellement dominant favorise une transmission pédagogiquement efficace du savoir grammaticalThis thesis about the organization of medieval Arabic grammatical treatises highlights the theoretical, polemical and pedagogical issues of the taxonomy. The uncertainties about the historical constitution of the Arabic grammatical tradition led researchers to focus on the founding period, especially on the Kitāb of Sībawayhi. We wanted to highlight this other, less studied, but capital aspect in the process of disciplinarisation of Arabic grammar: the role of taxonomy. Indeed, while the first grammatical treatises do not adopt a clear plan based on grammatical logic, a classification of linguistic data which represents the conceptual articulation of the theory is developed from the IV ͤ/X ͤ century, under the logicians’ methodological influence. This taxonomic current, which is dominant between the IV ͤ/X ͤ-VI ͤ/XII ͤ centuries, reflects a more synthetic perception of grammatical theory, as it helps to establish its consistency. Our starting point is the Uṣūl of Ibn al-Sarrāğ (m.315/928), the first grammarian who set an organized presentation of data to reflect the theory, especially the modeling of case marking, a central question in Arabic grammar. Dividing the syntax by parts of speech, then the chapter of the noun by case marks and the chapter of the verb by modal marks he represents the formal model of “government”, according to which case marks and modal marks result from the action of some elements in the statement on others, and the hierarchy of functions within the cases’ chapters tends to show a semantic modeling of each case from a basic signification. The successors of Ibn al-Sarrag, among them Abū ʿAlī l-Fārisī (m.376/987), improve this organization in the direction of greater uniqueness of semantic modeling, founded on the predicative or non predicative role of the case marked elements, or on their function within the verbal sentence, and in the direction of better consistency of this modeling with government’s model, where the verb is the basic operator. The Mufaṣṣal of Zamaḫšarī (m.538/1144) presents a maximal coincidence between organization of data and conceptual articulation of the theory, and within the latter, between the formal and semantic models of case marking. From the VII ͤ/XIII ͤ century short grammatical treatises are developed, such as the Alfiyya of Ibn Mālik (m.610/1274) or the Ağurrūmiyya of Ibn Ağurrūm (m.722/1323), whose presentations are based on previous classifications diverging from the first dominant current : practical succession to facilitate grammatical learning, as in the Ğumal of Zağğāğī (m.347/959), or classification more focused on the formal model of government, as in the Muqaddima of Ibn Bābšāḏ (m.469/1077). This taxinomic current lastly dominant promotes a pedagogically effective transmission of grammatical knowledge
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Alasfour, Aisha Saud. "Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students| An Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826886.
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This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer on Arabic ESL learners’ acquisition of the relative clauses, the passive voice and the definite article. I used Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) to analyze 50 papers written by Arabic ESL students at the ACTFL Advanced Mid proficiency level. The analysis was paired with interviews with five advanced students to help determine whether L1 transfer was, in fact, influencing students’ errors predicted by CA.
Students in this study made L1 errors along with other errors. Although no statistical difference was found between the frequency of transfer and other (non-transfer) errors, L1 transfer errors were still common for many learners in this data. The frequency of the relative clause L1 transfer errors was slightly higher than other errors. However, passive voice L1 errors were as frequent as other errors whereas definite article L1 errors were slightly less frequent than other errors. The analysis of the interviews suggested that L1 still played a crucial role in influencing learners errors.
The analysis also suggested that the frequency of transfer errors in the papers used in this study might have been influenced by CA-informed instruction students received and students’ language level. Specifically, learners reported that both factors helped them reduce the frequency of L1 transfer errors in their writing.
The teaching implications of this study include familiarizing language instructors with possible sources of errors for Arabic ESL learners. Language instructors should try to identify sources of errors by conducting their own analyses or consulting existing literature on CA paired with EA. Finally, I recommend adopting a CA-informed instruction to help students reduce and overcome errors that are influenced by their L1.
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Ben, Khelil Cherifa. "Construction semi-automatique d'une grammaire d'arbres adjoints pour l'analyse syntaxico-sémantique de l'arabe." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2013.
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Cette thèse traite de la description formelle et du développement d’une grammaire électronique de la langue arabe. Ce travail est un prérequis à la création d’outils de traitement automatique de l’arabe.Cette langue présente de nombreux défis pour un traitement automatique. En effet l’ordre de mots en arabe est relativement libre, la morphologie y est riche et les diacritiques sont omis dans les textes écrits. Bien que plusieurs travaux de recherche aient abordé certaines de ces problématiques, les ressources électroniques utiles pour le traitement de l’arabe demeurent relativement rares ou encore peu disponibles. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la représentation de la syntaxe (ordre des mots) et du sens de l’arabe standard moderne. Comme système formel de représentation de la langue, nous avons choisi le formalisme des grammaires d’arbres adjoints (Tree Adjoining Grammar). Nous avons ainsi proposé une grammaire d’arbres adjoints électronique de l’arabe nommée « ArabTAG V2.0 ». Cette ressource réutilise en partie la modélisation préexistante dans la grammaire définie manuellement «ArabTAG » et l’intègre à une représentation abstraite appelée méta-grammaire. L’expert linguiste peut ainsi décrire la syntaxe et sémantique de la langue avec des outils d’abstraction facilitant la maintenance et l’extension de la grammaire. La grammaire ainsi décrite compte 1074 règles syntaxiques (non lexicalisées) et 27 cadres sémantiques (relations prédicatives). Cette ressource a été évaluée en analysant un corpus issu d’extraits d’un manuel scolaire d’apprentissage de l’arabeThis thesis deals with the formal description and development of an electronic grammar of Arabic language. This work is a prerequisite for the creation of automatic Arabic processing tools. This language presents many challenges for automatic processing. Indeed the order of words in Arabic is relatively free,the morphology is rich and the diacritics are omitted in written texts. Although several research studies have addressed some of these issues, electronic resources useful for the processing of Arabic remain relatively rare or not widely available. In this thesis work, we are interested in the representation of syntax (word order) and the meaning of modern standard Arabic. As a formal system of language representation, we chose the formalism of Tree Adjoining Grammar. Thus we proposed an electronic adjoint tree grammar of Arabic named"ArabTAGV2.0". This resource partially reuses the pre-existing modeling in the manually defined grammar "ArabTAG" and integrates it into an abstract representation called meta-grammar. The linguistic expert canthus describe the syntax and semantics of the language with abstraction tools facilitating the maintenance and extension of the grammar. The new described grammar has 1074 syntactical rules (not lexicalized) and27 semantic frameworks (predicative relations). This resource was evaluated by analyzing a corpus from excerpts of an Arabic textbook
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Ali, Yasser Mohammed Hassan [Verfasser]. "Text Grammar in Modern Arabic Poetry : A Textual and Analytic Study of ʾAmal Dunqul`s Poetry / Yasser Mohammed Hassan Ali." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038412862/34.
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Alwattar, Noori Yousef. "The use of the microcomputer in teaching Arabic grammar (verbal sentences) in the intermediate schools of the State of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6353/.
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This study is concerned with the issue of using the microcomputer in teaching Arabic Grammar (verbal sentences) in the intermediate schools of the State of Kuwait. It lays down some of the essential foundation work necessary for bringing about systematic and constructive improvements in the teaching of Arabic Grammar by computers. However, our main concern in this study is, as we have said, with the teaching of one of the aspects of Arabic Grammar, in the above situation. Although the use of computers for this purpose has only just begun, the perspective of our approach will hopefully to some extent, encourage their wider use. The present study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one offers a general introduction to the main subject. The hypotheses made in this chapter constitute the general framework for the following chapters. The teaching of Western languages by computer as opposed to the non-availability of such methods in the Arab world, is discussed in chapter two. Chapter three provides a background on which the practical side of our study is based. The sources and methodology of our experimental work in this thesis are also treated in this chapter. vii Chapter four is concerned with the results of this experiment and the measurement of pupils' achievements in Arabic Grammar during the experiment. A comparison between the traditional method and that of the computer is established by means of analysing the data concerned. The last chapter concludes with suggestions for further specific research needed in this field.
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Youssef, Natalia. "Propositions pour l'enseignement du subjonctif aux adultes arabophones : Application aux étudiants des universités syriennes." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839941.
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Vu la difficulté de l'apprentissage du mode subjonctif et de son emploi pour les apprenants adultes arabophones, Nous proposons, dans le cadre de notre recherche, une nouvelle méthodologie de l'enseignement du mode subjonctif du français basée sur la théorie du temps et de l'aspect de GOSSELIN. Cette théorie explique la relation temporelle entre l'intervalle de référence du verbe employé au subjonctif et l'intervalle d'énonciation dans une proposition indépendante et la relation temporelle entre l'intervalle de référence du verbe de la subordonnée employé au subjonctif et l'intervalle de référence du verbe de la principale dans une phrase complexe. Cette manière d'expliquer la relation temporelle facilite la compréhension de l'emploi du subjonctif dans une proposition indépendante ainsi que dans une proposition subordonnée. Elle explique également le choix du mode dans une proposition subordonnée ainsi que l'alternance des modes dans la même structure.Cette nouvelle méthodologie est fondée sur une étude comparative du système verbal du français et de celui de l'arabe et sur une étude comparative du subjonctif du français et de celui de l'arabe. Ces études nous ont permis de formuler nos hypothèses concernant les difficultés de l'apprentissage du mode subjonctif pour les apprenants adultes arabophones dus à deux phénomènes : la généralisation des règles et l'interférence de la langue maternelle (l'arabe). Ainsi nous avons proposé deux questionnaires destinés l'un à un public arabophone (syrien) ayant un niveau avancé en français et l'autre à un public arabophone (syrien) ayant un niveau moyen en français. Les résultats obtenus ont justifié nos hypothèses. Nous avons également fait une étude critique, concernant le mode subjonctif, de certains manuels de FLE et d'une méthode de grammaire FLE enseignés à l'université de Damas en Syrie. Cette étude nous a permis d'identifier les deux problèmes susmentionnés dans ces manuels. En effet, cette recherche comporte également une nouvelle méthodologie de l'explication de la grammaire arabe adressée à un public francophone. L'application de la théorie du temps et de l'aspect de GOSSELIN nous a permis d'expliquer l'emploi du subjonctif en arabe et d'observer la relation temporelle au sein d'une phrase complexe arabe comportant un verbe employé au subjonctif, d'où l'originalité de cette théorie.
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Lasfer-Kedad, Sandra. "Étude syntaxique des Wh-questions en vue de leur traduction automatique de l’anglais vers l’arabe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040011.
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Premièrement, ce travail de recherche a pour objet d’esquisser une étude syntaxique des wh-questions, et d’analyser les aspects de la formation des wh-questions dans deux langues différentes : l’anglais et l’arabe , dans le cadre de la Grammaire Générative et de l’Approche Minimaliste. Il sera démontré et allégué que dans les deux langues respectives, le wh-mot qui se trouve au début de la phrase interrogative est déplacé vers le [Spec, CP] et que le wh-movement est visible.Deuxièmement, cette thèse tente d’examiner et d’analyser la traduction des wh-questions de l’anglais vers l’arabe par trois systèmes de traduction automatique, employant différentes méthodes de traduction selon trois méthodes d’évaluation. Nous décrirons les problèmes liés aux différences linguistiques entre les deux langues. Ces problèmes ont une grande influence sur la qualité et l’acceptabilité de l’output. L’évaluation de l’output nous permettra de présenter les informations concernant les aspects positifs à conserver et les aspects négatifs à faire évoluer des systèmes. En se basant sur l’étude syntaxique préalable des wh-questions, nous fournirons une étude comparative qui déterminera le meilleur système quant à la qualité de la traduction et à la performance de ce système. A travers l’analyse des résultats de l’évaluation, nous spécifierons les raisons pour lesquelles le système produit des traductions de mauvaise qualité. Enfin, nous proposerons quelques recommandations qui pourraient être nécessaires aux concepteurs et aux développeurs de systèmes de traduction afin de résoudre les problèmes linguistiques et opérationnels susceptibles d’entraver le processus de traductionFirstly, this research aims to outline a syntactic study of the wh-questions, and analyse aspects of wh-question formation in typologically two different languages: Arabic and English within the framework of Generative Grammar and Minimalist Approach. It will be shown and argued that in both languages, the wh-phrase, which is in initial position, is moved to [Spec, CP] and that wh-movement applies overtly.Secondly, the thesis attempts to discuss and analyse the translation of English wh-questions into Arabic by three machine translation systems using different methods of translation through different methods of evaluation. We describe a set of important problems related to linguistic differences between the two languages. These problems have great influence not only on the quality of the output but also on its acceptability. The evaluation of the output will help us to present a diagnostic information about where a given system succeeds or needs improvement, relative to its intended users and use based on the syntactic study of wh-questions, to provide a comparative information which allows identifying the best system with respect to the translation quality and performance, to specify through the analysis of the results of evaluation the sources of problems that are responsible for producing ill-formed translations and inadequate systems’ performance and finally to outline some recommendations that are useful for system’s designers and developers to overcome various linguistic and operational problems that might impede the translation process
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Aloufi, Aliaa. "The phonology of English loanwords in UHA." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67766/.
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This thesis investigates the phonology of loanword adaptation focusing on English loanwords in Urban Hijazi Arabic (UHA). It investigates the segmental adaptations of English consonants that are absent in UHA as well as the various phonological adaptations of illicit syllabic structures. It is based on dataset of around 100 English loanwords that were integrated into UHA that contain several illicit consonants and syllable structures in the donor language. This dataset is compiled from different published sources along with a data collection exercise. The first significant source is Abdul-Rahim (2011) a dictionary of loanwords into Arabic, while the other one is Jarrah's (2013) study of English loanwords into Madinah Hijazi Arabic (MHA) adopting the on-line adaptation. The third source is original pronunciation data collected from current UHA speakers. Furthermore, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was consulted for the etymology and transcription of the English words. The goal is to provide a thorough analysis of these phonological patterns whether consonantal or syllabic ones found in the adaptation of English loanwords into UHA. To accomplish this, the adaptations have been analysed according to two theoretical frameworks: the Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies Loanword Model (TCRSLM) proposed by Paradis and LaCharité (1997) and Optimality Theory (OT) introduced by Prince and Smolensky (1993). The different proposed analyses in this study facilitated an evaluation of the adequacy of each of these theories in accounting for the discussed phonological patterns found in UHA loan phonology. The thesis concludes that OT better explains the adaptations, but neither theory fully accounts for the variety of adaptations found in UHA.
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Pinon, Catherine. "La nébuleuse de kān : classification des différents emplois de kāna/yakūnu à partir d'un corpus d'arabe contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3078/document.
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Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier les emplois du verbe-outil kāna en arabe contemporain. 1ère partie : nous commençons par faire la synthèse des descriptions de kāna chez les grammairiens arabes et arabisants, en nous intéressant au contenu de ces descriptions ainsi qu'à leur forme et à leur adéquation avec la langue décrite. 2ème partie : pour travailler sur la langue contemporaine, nous optons pour la méthodologie de la linguistique de corpus. Après une discussion théorique et un état de la recherche en linguistique de corpus appliquée à la langue arabe, nous réfléchissons à l'élaboration de notre propre corpus, un corpus numérique, multigénérique et diatopique d'arabe contemporain écrit non dialectal. Comprenant 1,5 millions de mots, il contient à part égale des textes écrits après 2002 provenant de trois genres (blogs, littérature, presse) et de sept pays (Arabie Saoudite, Égypte, Liban, Maroc, Syrie, Tunisie, Yémen). 3ème partie : nous classifions les 15 000 occurrences du verbe kāna extraites de notre corpus et analysons leurs emplois. Nous quantifions les différents types d'emploi, de structures et d'expressions en nous efforçant de dégager les valeurs portées par ce verbe, en particulier les valeurs modales. Nous plaçons cette étude dans le cadre d'une écologie de la langue en étudiant le milieu diatopique et générique duquel les occurrences proviennentThis dissertation studies the various uses of the verb-tool kāna in contemporary Arabic. Part I. We start by reviewing how kāna has been described by Arab grammarians and Arabic specialists. We look at both content and form, evaluating the extent to which these descriptions conform to the language they describe. Part II. In order to examine the contemporary Arabic language we chose to use the corpus linguistics methodology. After outlining some theoretical considerations and providing a state of the art in corpus linguistics applied to the Arabic language, we discuss the constitution of our own corpus. This digital corpus includes three types of texts (blogs, literature, press) from seven different countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen). Numbering altogether 1.5 million words, the texts were all published after 2002. Part III. We classify 15,000 instances of kāna and analyze their uses. We quantify the various functions, patterns and expressions through which kāna is deployed, seeking to identify the values conveyed by the verb, especially modal values. We locate this study within an ecology of language by scrutinizing the diatopic and generic settings of the various occurrences
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Aboutaj, Heidi H. (Heidi Huttar). "Finitness and Verb-Raising in Second Language Acquisition of French by Native Speakers of Moroccan Arabic." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277683/.
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In this thesis, the three hypotheses on the nature of early L2 acquisition (the Full Transfer/Full Access view of Schwartz and Sprouse (e.g., 1996), the Minimal Trees view of Vainikka and Young-Scholten (e.g., 1996), and the Valueless Features view of Eubank (e.g., 1996)), are discussed. Analysis of the early French production by two native speakers of Moroccan Arabic is done to determine if the L1 grammar is transferred onto the L2 grammar. In particular, the phenomena of verb-raising (as determined by the verb's position vis-a-vis negation) and finiteness are examined. The results of this study indicate that the relevant structures of Moroccan Arabic do not transfer onto the emerging French grammar.
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Sabra, Alexandra. "Tense and Aspect in the English Language : A study about newly arrived students with Arabic as their mother tongue." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32307.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine how newly arrived Arabic speaking students use tense and aspect in the English language and to find out whether their native language affects their learning. The study is based on both qualitative and quantitative methods where the focus is on different texts written by students. There were 17 students between the ages of 18-21 included in this study, and all participants are currently in different programs in upper secondary school in Sweden. According to the results, the students have difficulties regarding their usage of grammatical tense since the grammatical structure in the Arabic language differs from the English language. Their native language hinders their learning since there is a lot of interference from their mother tongue and this leads to various errors in their learning. Some errors are not due to interference, in fact, some of the errors indicate that some students struggle with the grammatical structure of the target language.
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Mohammed, Tawffeek Abdou Saeed. "A taxonomy of problems in arabic-english Translation: a systemic functional Linguistics approach Tawffeek abdou." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4103.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDWorking with Arab students pursuing a degree in English Language and Translation at the Taiz University, Republic of Yemen, has brought to the researcher‟s attention a number of errors or problems encountered in Arabic to English translation. This study aims to investigate the problems encountered by student translators (STs), novice translators (NTs) as well as more experienced translators (Ts) while translating from Arabic into English. The study starts with the assumption that Arabic and English belong to different families of languages and thus there is rarely a word-for-word equivalence in both languages. The present study is cross-sectional in nature. It is based on empirical data collected from several categories of translators. In other words, the data was collected from fourth-year students in the department of English and Translation in the Faculty of Arts, Taiz University, as well as five NTs who have previously graduated from this department and are currently working in a number of accredited translation offices in Taiz. The study also investigates the challenges faced by Ts. For this purpose, a novel, a tourist brochure, an editorial, and three academic abstracts all translated by established publishing houses and translation centres in and outside Yemen are examined. These texts are analyzed to determine to what extent the problems faced by STs and NTs reoccur in published translations produced by Ts. For its conceptual framework, the study adopts an eclectic approach that does not stick rigidly to a particular paradigm but rather draws upon multiple linguistic and translation theories. However, it is mainly based on Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and the problems have been classified along his taxonomy of meaning metafunctions into ideational, interpersonal and textual. Extra-textual problems are also analyzed. Several SFG-based translation models such as Hatim and Mason‟s (1990) sociometic model, House‟s (1977, 1997) translation quality assessment model, Hervey et al. (1992) register analysis model and Baker‟s (1990) equivalence model are also employed in the study to help the researcher examine the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation within those four categories. In addition, Nord‟s functional model to translation which is based on Skopos theory is also taken into consideration although to a minimum extent. In addition to the analysis of translations produced by various categories of translators, the study uses several triangulation research tools such as questionnaire, Thinking Aloud Protocols (TAPs), retrospective interviews, and classroom observation. These tools are employed to assist the researcher to identify the possible causes for the problems the STs, NTs, and Ts experience from the perspective of the participants themselves. The current translation programme at Taiz University is also analyzed to determine to what extent it contributes to the poor performance of the student translators and would-be translators. The study concludes that STs, NTs and even Ts encounter several problems at the ideational, interpersonal and textual levels. They also encounter problems at the extra-textual stratum. The study attributes these problems to structural and cultural differences between the two languages, the reliance on the dictionary rather than the meaning in use of lexical items, the differences in the cohesion and coherence systems of Arabic and English, the negligence of the role of context in translation as well as unfamiliarity with text-typologies and genre conventions. In other words, participants follow a bottom-up approach in translation and come close to the source text translating it literally. This approach is very damaging because it ignores the fact that the three metafunctions might be realized differently in the two languages. Furthermore, the study concludes that the manner in which translation is taught at Taiz University as well as the syllabus contribute mainly to the lack of translation competence of the student translators and would-be translators. The programme is inadequate and it needs urgent review and improvements. The present syllabus does not keep abreast with the latest theoretical and practical developments in the discipline of translation as well as neighbouring disciplines such as contrastive linguistics, text-analysis, discourse analysis, corpus linguistics and the like. As for methodology, the study concludes that it is the transmissionist (teacher-centred) teaching approach rather than the transformational (learner-centred) which is commonly used in teaching translation. As a result, the read-and-translate approach dominates the scene and no tasks, activities, or projects are given to the STs. The study provides some recommendations, which if implemented, can be useful in enabling Yemeni and Arab universities to improve the competence among student translators in order to improve translation teaching at academic level. A major contribution of this study is the description and classification of translation problems in Arabic-English translation on the basis of meaning systems. Unlike traditional descriptive error analysis, which is widely used to analyze the translation product, SFG-based text analysis provides a systematic description of translation problems which allows a precise articulation of the nature of problems that would otherwise be explained simply as translations which “sound unnatural or awkward” (Kim 2008; Yallop 1999). As far as the researcher knows, no study in the Arab world has yet tackled translation problems from this perspective. Other studies have tackled deviated forms produced by students or translators using an error analysis technique rather than a holistic approach based on solid theoretical knowledge. In other words, while most other studies focused on specific „errors‟ and error analysis and ended at that, the present study does not only looks at „errors‟ as „difference‟ (from contrastive analysis) but rather from several perspectives. It is also more comprehensive by triangulating several sources of data and pooling them together for a more informed understanding.
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SOUILEM, DALILA. "Un systeme d'enseignment assiste par ordinateur pour la grammaire arabe : "s.e.a.g.a."." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30024.
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Le systeme seaga est un systeme "ouvert", forme de modules independants qui peuvent etre modifies separement a l'aide de la representation des connaissances adoptee. Ce systeme fait appel a l'intelligence artificielle sur deux niveaux: niveau conception pour determiner automatiquement les reponses types du cours et niveau analyse de l'arabe ecrit. C'est un systeme oriente pour les non-voyants. Cette orientation consiste a adapter le systeme aux: aides techniques disponibles (braille et synthese vocale) et aides pedagogiques au niveau conception du cours
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Bertoncini, Elena. "Code-switching in an `Utendi´?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-92657.
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In old Swahili tendi and homiletic poems about 50% of vocabulary is of Arabic origin (Bertoncini 1973), and besides single words, they include noun phrases or even whole Arabic sentences. In order to prove my point, I will discuss some verses taken from the Utendi wa Shujaka by one Hasan bin Ali from Lamu. The only extant manuscript of this epic poem in 295 stanzas was brought to Germany in 1854 by Ludwig Krapf and is kept in the Library of the Orientalistic Society in Halle. The poem is written in the Lamu dialect with many archaic features, like the incomplete palatalization of KI, the demonstratives in S- and others. But what is striking is the great amount of Arabic phrases and whole sentences, to the extent that we may perhaps speak of a case of code-switching. In fact, several verses of the poem cannot be understood properly without some knowledge of the main features of Arabic grammar, such as verb conjugation (both perfective and imperfective), verb forms (or classes), active and passive participles, noun inflection (masculine and feminine, broken plurals, construct state), personal, relative and possessive pronouns, prepositions and their combination with enclitic pronouns, numerals, conjunctions and particles, as well as word order.
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Chiabotti, Francesco. "Entre soufisme et savoir islamique : l'oeuvre de ῾Abd al-Karīm al-Qushayrī (376-465 / 986-1072)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3096.
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La présente étude veut représenter un essai de synthèse des aspects les plus remarquables de la production littéraire et du rôle dans l'histoire du soufisme du maître soufi et théologien khorassanien Abū l-Qāsim ῾Abd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin al-Qushayrī (376-465/ 986-1072). Trois axes principaux sont développés : la vie de Qushayrī et la dynamique de diffusion de son oeuvre, l'analyse du corpus qushayrien (étude des manuscrits et état de l'édition), les aspects les plus remarquables de sa doctrine. L'idée principale qui guide ce travail est la saisie de la relation qu'on aperçoit, dans l'oeuvre de Qushayrī, entre le soufisme et les différents savoirs islamiques. Quelle est la véritable nature de cet « effet miroir » que Qushayrī opère entre le savoir exotérique et la connaissance ésotérique propre au soufisme ? Dans quelle mesure Qushayrī innove et dans quelle mesure peut-on le considérer comme un « transmetteur fidèle » d'un patrimoine à la fois spirituel et savant dont il se veut l'héritier ? Après la redéfinition de la relation soufisme-savoir, notre deuxième objectif est de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur «Qushayrī le maître», un maître que les sources plus anciennes appellent ustādh imām, savant et religieux à la fois. Par delà le souci normatif qui traverse l'oeuvre qushayrienne, n'en demeure pas moins un appel au voyage et au dépassement vers la connaissance de Dieu. Comme le dit le maître soufi Dhū l-Nūn l'Egyptien d'après la Risāla de Qushayrī, « tout ce que tu peux concevoir dans ton imagination, Dieu est différent de cela »This dissertation is the first monograph on the life and work of the immensely influential Nishapuri Sufi and theologian ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzim al-Qushayrī (376-465/986-1072). On the basis of unpublished manuscripts and textual marginalia (isnāds, ijāzas and colophons) as well as recently published critical editions, the present study has three primary research nodes: 1) Qushayrī's formation as a thinker and the dynamics that made for the successful diffusion of his work; 2) the Qushayrian corpus (a survey of extant manuscripts, editions and secondary scholarship); and 3) the most important aspects of Qushayrī's project. A number of important questions will be pursued, including: How should we understand the interplay between exoteric and esoteric knowledge that pervades Qushayrī's writings? To what extent does Qushayrī redefine the spiritual and scholarly traditions he inherited, and how does he conceive of his role as transmitter? Finally, this study addresses the role of Qushayrī as a spiritual master. Questioning previous assumptions as to the ways in which Qushayrī's spiritual influence was propagated, I demonstrate that Qushayrī emerged as a charismatic spiritual master in his own lifetime, directly establishing a Sufi-scholarly tradition that our sources term Qushayriyya
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Toure, Moustapha. "Aspects linguistiques dans la pensée juridique d'Ibn al- Hâğib (571-646/1175-1248)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030133.
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La langue arabe est un des outils essentiels à l’analyse des données scripturaires à caractère juridique. C’est pourquoi les jurisconsultes musulmans ont développé dans leurs traités sur la méthodologie juridique, une linguistique qui n’a rien à envier à celle des grammairiens arabes classiques. Le "Muhtasar" d’ Ibn al- Hâğib est une des références en la matière. Ce travail vise d’une part, à déterminer le rôle de la langue arabe dans l’interprétation du Coran et de la Sunna. D’autre part, il tient à éclairer les procédés analytiques mis en œuvre par les usulistes dont ibn al- Hâğib en vue d’une analyse globale du discoursThe Arabic language is one of the main Tools to analyze oly legal elements. That’s why, the Muslim lawyers developed across their treatises about the legal methodology a part of linguistic that has nothing to envy to the classical Arabic grammar Works. The Ibn al- Hağib’s "Muhtasar" is one of the references in this field. This work aims to determine the Arabic language’s contribution in t e Koran and Sunna’s interpretation. On the other hand, it also holds to light up the analytic processes implemented by the usûl al-fiqh writers like Ibn al- Hâğib in scope to a global analysis of the speech
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Abu-Jarad, Hassan Ali. "English interlanguage of Palestinian University students in Gaza Strip : an analysis of relative clauses and verb tense." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/458974.
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This study investigated the relative clause formation and the coding of tense in the English interlanguage of thirty-two Palestinian students at the six colleges of the Islamic University of Gaza.Three composition topics were designed to elicit the learners' expression of the various English tenses and relative clauses.Findings: The data show that Palestinian learners' switching of tense results from using English morphology to express an aspectual system similar to that of Palestinian Arabic. The English past tense and present tense are used to mark Palestinian perfective and imperfective aspects, respectively. The subject-verb agreement marker and the concord markers 's/is and 'm/am are omitted in relative clauses and when there is a change in aspect.In the area of relative clauses, the data show that relative clauses are ninety percent independent of the Palestinian Arabic structuring of relative clauses. The learners use resumptive pronouns not only in clauses where the predicate incorporates a noun, adjective, or a prepositional phrase, but also before verbs. Conclusions:1. There is a large amount of influence from the Palestinian aspectual system on the learners' use of English tense.2. Subject-verb agreement problems can be solved when the problem of tense shift is solved, because of the cooccurrence of these phenomena.3. EFL teachers in Gaza Strip should not over-react to their students' tense usage in narrative passages and should not require them to write in a particular tense in an artificial manner.4. The learners' errors should be tolerated and should not be considered as indications of faulty learning.
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Fadhlaoui, Najet. "Le métalangage grammatical du français dans les classes tunisiennes : le cas de la notion de complément." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA100/document.
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Cette thèse sur le métalangage de la grammaire du français s’inscrit dans un cadre élargi qui concerne les champs de la linguistique (morphosyntaxique), de l’acquisition, de la didactique et de la pédagogie. Du point de vue didactique, nous choisissons une perspective socioconstructiviste adaptée à un travail sur la métacognition. Au niveau pédagogique, notre objet consiste, d’une part, à analyser les verbalisations métalangagières des élèves du collège tunisien dans leur analyse de la fonction complément. Notre option de recherche, étant moins les opérations d’étayage avec les élèves que les interactions de la classe de grammaire et la dynamique de coconstruction et de négociation métalangagières, se veut une étude des problèmes que pose l’articulation complexe des métalangages issus des grammaires scolaires (de référence) et pédagogiques (des manuels et de l’enseignant) avec ceux de la grammaire interne, inconsciente et hétérogène de l’élève tunisien. Autrement, l’articulation entre la grammaire de sa première langue de scolarisation, en l’occurrence, l’arabe L1- sujet aux mêmes problèmes- et la grammaire du français langue2, conséquemment, son interlangue.Au final, notre travail qui vise la construction de concepts grammaticaux négociés avec les élèves pour une verbalisation (biméta)langagière efficace et effective procède de la manière suivante : partir d’un corpus qui s’appuie sur des questionnaires et des observations de classe qui portent sur l’exploitation, par les enseignants, des séquences de grammaire insérées dans les modules d’apprentissage qui font office de grammaire pédagogique ; une phase diagnostique envisage de déceler, ensuite, les traces d’une grammaire en construction, notamment, en partant des erreurs des élèves à travers des tests préparés à cet effet et des échanges entre pairs et avec l’enseignante qui visent à déterminer les profils métalangagier et métacognitif des élèves.Une seconde phase met en place le dispositif de négociation du concept de complément en termes d’évolution des stratégies utilisées. L’analyse repose sur une comparaison de la complémentation en arabe et en français à travers laquelle sont analysées les interactions bimétalangagières et la négociation des termes et des règlesThe present thesis about the metalanguage of the grammar of French falls into a wide framework which concerns the fields of morphosyntactic linguistics, acquisition, didactics and pedagogy. From the didactic point of view, we selected a socioconstructive perspective which is then adapted to a work on metacognition. As for the pedagogical level, our objective is to analyse the metalinguistic verbalizations of the pupils of Tunisian middle school in their analysis of the function Complement. Our research option being mainly the interactions in a class of grammar and the dynamics of coconstruction and metalinguistic negotiations rather than the operations of propping up with pupils, aims to be a study of the problems generated by the complex articulation of metalanguages which stem from schools of grammar of reference and educational grammar from textbooks and instructors and those of the internal, unconscious and heterogenous grammar of the Tunisian pupil. Otherwise, the articulation overlaps between the grammar ofhis first language of schooling, in this particular case Arabic Lg 1 (subject to the same problems) and the grammar of French Lg 2, consistently his interlanguage. In the end, our work which aims at the construction of grammatical concepts negotiated with pupils for an effective and efficient linguistic verbalization (biméta) proceeds in the following way: we use a corpus which is based on questionnaires and class observation in which teachers use sequences of grammar inserted into learning modules and which contain educational gramma A diagnostic phase intends to reveal, then, the tracks of a grammar under construction mainly by focussing on pupils' mistakes through tests prepared for that purpose and peer and teacher exchanges which aim at determining the metalinguistic and metacognitive profiles of pupils. A second phase sets up the device of negotiation of the concept of complement in terms of evolution of the used strategies. The analysis is based on a comparison of the complementation in Arabic and in French through which the interactions bimétalanguagieres and the negotiation of the terms and the rules are analysed
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Vaillant, Adrien Alp. "Une langue en voie de disparition : le salar au sein de la turcophonie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF019.
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Le salar est un dialecte turc dont la plupart des locuteurs habitent le comté de Xunhua (35°05’’nord - 102°03’’est), dans le sud-est de la province chinoise du Qinghai, où leur présence est attestée depuis la fin du XIVe siècle. Si ces dernières années ont vu une augmentation des études sur ce parler à bien des égards atypique, il n’en reste pas moins l’un des parents pauvres de la turcologie. Réalisée précisément dans le but de contribuer à mieux le faire connaître, en s’appuyant pour ce faire à la fois sur la documentation disponible et sur des données recueillies par l’auteur dans le cadre d’un travail sur le terrain, la présente thèse en propose non seulement une description phonologique, grammaticale et lexicale, mais aussi, semble-t-il pour la première fois, une étude détaillée de son système d’écriture traditionnel, aujourd’hui moribond, qui constitue une adaptation de l’alphabet arabe. Une attention particulière a également été portée à la question de la nature des liens du salar avec les autres dialectes, actuels ou anciens, composant le domaine turc (en particulier ceux du groupe oghouz, auquel il apparaît possible que cette variété appartienne), notamment à travers la comparaison avec le turc de Turquie que permet la traduction dans ce dernier dialecte des exemples illustrant les points de grammaire abordés. Considéré comme une langue en danger par l’UNESCO, qui le classe dans la catégorie « vulnérable », le salar traverse une période critique, et les problèmes que soulèvent son statut en Chine, la place qu’il occupe dans la société où il est pratiqué, et les représentations dont il fait l’objet n’ont pas non plus été négligés dans ce travail, dont une partie a été consacrée à la mise en évidence d’un début de situation diglossique dans le cadre de laquelle parmi les réponses que tentent d’apporter certains Salars à la question de l’avenir de leur idiome figure un projet de revitalisation linguistique particulierSalar is a Turkish dialect most speakers of which live in the county of Xunhua (35°05 north, 102°03 east) in the south-eastern part of the Chinese province of Qinghai where they have been present since the end of the fourteenth century. In spite of the fact that there has been lately an increase in the studies concerning this language, it is still a poor relative of turkology. Carried out with the aim of making it better known, with the support of the available documentation and data collected by the author in his investigation in the field, this thesis offers not only a phonological, grammatical and lexical description of Salar, but also, to the best of the author’s knowledge, for the first time, a detailed study of its nearly extinct traditional writing system that constitutes an adaptation of the Arabic alphabet. We have been particularly careful to take into account the links uniting Salar with other dialects, present and ancient, which form the Turkish domain (particularly with the Oghuz group to which this variety seems to belong) notably through the comparison with Turkey Turkish, based on the translations into the latter of the grammatical items dealt with. Classified as an endangered language by UNESCO, Salar is going through a critical period. The problems raised by its status in China, the position it occupies in the society where it is spoken and the representations to which it is subjected, have also been addressed in this work. A section has been devoted to the identification of a diglossic language situation in the context of which, among the concerns raised by some Salars about the future of their language, lies a project aiming at its revitalisation
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Mira, Heba. "Masculin, féminin : l'altérité de genre en français et en arabe." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL023.
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L'altérité de genre est un des sujets qui intéressait et intéresse toujours les linguistes. Dans notre thèse, nous avons choisi d'étudier les mots (tous types) qui connaissent l'altérité masculin-féminin et qui peuvent référer aux êtres humains spécifiques. Notre étude concerne donc les différentes classes grammaticales des langues française et arabe. Nous nous intéressons plus précisément à la manière dont le féminin est formé afin de constater si le mot, marqué en genre, représente le féminin comme l'Autre ou non. En d'autres termes, si le mot au féminin se forme à partir ou par rapport au masculin, ou s'il est indépendant de ce dernier. Le rapprochement entre le féminin et l'Autre, lié à la position qu'occupe chacun dans sa relation : masculin-féminin / Moi-Autre, permet, en fait, de voir, vu le statut attribué à l'Autre, si la position seconde du féminin reflète une certaine infériorité, entrainant une discrimination à l'égard des femmes dans la langueGender alterity is one of the topics that was and still interesting to the linguists. In our thesis, we chose to study the words (all types) which have the masculine-feminine alterity and can refer to a specific human. Our study is concerned with the different grammatical classes of French and Arabic languages. We focus specifically on how the feminine is formed to note whether the word, is marked by the gender, represents the feminine as the Other or not. In other words, if the feminine word form relates, depends on the masculine or if it is an independent form. The comparison between the feminine and the Other that is related to the occupied position by each one in its relationship (masculine-feminine / Me-the Other), will allow in fact (acoording to the Other status that is attributed) to figure out if the second position of the feminine reflects a certain inferiority, which leads to a discrimination against women in the language
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Jaf, Sardar. "The application of constraint rules to data-driven parsing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-application-of-constraint-rules-to-datadriven-parsing(fe7b983d-e5ec-4e86-8f97-05066c1455b1).html.
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The process of determining the structural relationships between words in both natural and machine languages is known as parsing. Parsers are used as core components in a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as online tutoring applications, dialogue-based systems and textual entailment systems. They have been used widely in the development of machine languages. In order to understand the way parsers work, we will investigate and describe a number of widely used parsing algorithms. These algorithms have been utilised in a range of different contexts such as dependency frameworks and phrase structure frameworks. We will investigate and describe some of the fundamental aspects of each of these frameworks, which can function in various ways including grammar-driven approaches and data-driven approaches. Grammar-driven approaches use a set of grammatical rules for determining the syntactic structures of sentences during parsing. Data-driven approaches use a set of parsed data to generate a parse model which is used for guiding the parser during the processing of new sentences. A number of state-of-the-art parsers have been developed that use such frameworks and approaches. We will briefly highlight some of these in this thesis. There are three specific important features that it is important to integrate into the development of parsers. These are efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. Efficiency is concerned with the use of as little time and computing resources as possible when processing natural language text. Accuracy involves maximising the correctness of the analyses that a parser produces. Robustness is a measure of a parser’s ability to cope with grammatically complex sentences and produce analyses of a large proportion of a set of sentences. In this thesis, we present a parser that can efficiently, accurately, and robustly parse a set of natural language sentences. Additionally, the implementation of the parser presented here allows for some trading-off between different levels of parsing performance. For example, some NLP applications may emphasise efficiency/robustness over accuracy while some other NLP systems may require a greater focus on accuracy. In dialogue-based systems, it may be preferable to produce a correct grammatical analysis of a question, rather than incorrectly analysing the grammatical structure of a question or quickly producing a grammatically incorrect answer for a question. Alternatively, it may be desirable that document translation systems translate a document into a different language quickly but less accurately, rather than slowly but highly accurately, because users may be able to correct grammatically incorrect sentences manually if necessary. The parser presented here is based on data-driven approaches but we will allow for the application of constraint rules to it in order to improve its performance.
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Rouabhi, Miloud. "Analyse sémantico-cognitive de prépositions en vue d'un traitement automatique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL032.
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Cette étude vise à unifier dans une même approche les descriptions données par une sémantique cognitive et les représentations associées, et étudiées par une sémantique formelle. La sémantique cognitive a pour but d’associer des schèmes aux significations des unités analysées. La sémantique formelle consiste à étudier les modes de représentation de ces schèmes et les relations avec les observables. Notre étude s’appuie et s’insère dans le modèle général développé à l’université Paris-Sorbonne dans le groupe LaLIC (Langages, Logiques, Informatique et Cognition), il s’agit d’utiliser le modèle de la GAC (Grammaire Applicative et Cognitive) et de la GRACE (GRammaire Applicative Cognitive et Enonciative) ; ces deux modèles font appel d’une part à la topologie et d’autre part à la logique combinatoire en vue d’un traitement automatique de la signification. Nous avons choisi d’étudier le problème des prépositions et plus spécialement des trois prépositions : dans, sous et à du français et de leur équivalents en arabe ; cela nous à conduit à rechercher des invariants associés à ces trois prépositions ou relateurs, la préposition dans renvoie à l’intériorité d’un lieu, qu’il soit spatial, temporel, spatio-temporel, notionnel ou d’activité ; la préposition sous renvoie à un lieu déterminé ou engendré par un autre lieu dont on prend la fermeture ; quand à la préposition à renvoie à la fermeture d’un lieu. Le lieu est un lieu cognitif abstrait, suffisamment général qui, selon le contexte peut prendre des valeurs plus particulièresThis study aims to unify in a single approach the descriptions given by cognitive semantics and associated representations, studied by formal semantics. Cognitive semantics consists to associate the meanings of the analyzed with schemes. Formal semantics consists in studying the modes of representation of these schemes and the relations to the observables. Our study is based on the general model developed at the Paris-Sorbonne University in the LaLIC group, using the GAC model (Applicative and Cognitive Grammar) and GRACE (GRammar Applicative Cognitive and Enunciative), these two models use the one hand to the topology and on the other hand to the combinatory logic in order to an automatic processing of meanings. We have chosen to study the problem of the three prepositions: dans, sous and à of French and their equivalences in Arabic, this leads us to search for invariants associated with these three prepositions or relators, the preposition dans refers to the interiority of a place, be it spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, notional or activity and the preposition sous refers to a specific place or generated by another place whose closing is taken. The preposition à refers to the closing of a place, here the place is cognitive or abstract place, sufficiently general that according to the context can take more particular values
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Al, Sabri Moujahed. "L'articulation des technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l'enseignement (TICE) avec l'apprentissage des langues étrangères : l'enseignement de la grammaire aux apprenants arabophones." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30014/document.
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Les technologies de l’information et de la communication pour l’enseignement (TICE) modifient l’approche de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Les activités pédagogiques nécessitent donc l’articulation adaptée de la gestion des contenus avec les potentialités technologiques. Cette recherche doctorale s’intéresse à l’enseignement/apprentissage de la grammaire française, technologisé et directement accessible en ligne par Internet, à destination des apprenants étrangers, et plus particulièrement arabophones. S’inscrivant dans une perspective actionnelle, l’analyse prend appui sur les méthodes de l’ethnographie de la communication et vise à observer un corpus de sites de grammaire accessibles sur Internet. Partant, l’objectif de notre thèse est pluriel. Il s’agit d’abord d’étudier les erreurs d’interférence grammaticale chez des apprenants arabophones yéménites, d’une part, et les sites d’apprentissage de la grammaire, d’autre part, eu égard à leur qualité ergonomique et leur mode d’appropriation par les apprenants. L’ethnographie des pratiques d’apprentissage en ligne permet, dans un second temps, de comparer les usages attendus par les concepteurs des TICE avec les usages réels. Nous ambitionnons enfin, par cette recherche, de contribuer à une meilleure évaluation de la réalité actuelle de cet enseignement/apprentissage technologisé et de participer à l’évolution technopédagogique qu’il induit pour les acteurs de la didactique, enseignants et apprenantsInformation and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education modify the approach of learning foreign languages. Multiple intelligence as ICT require adapted jonction of the management of the educational contents with the technological potentialities. This study is interested in teaching and training French grammar, with proper technology, directly accessible on line by Internet, bound for foreign students, most specifically Arabic-speaking learners. Falling under an active prospect, the research takes support on the methods of communication ethnography and aims at observing a corpus of accessible grammar sites on Internet. Therefore, the objective of our thesis is plural. On the one hand, it is initially a question of studying the interference errors in grammar at Yemeni Arabic-speaking people, and, on the other hand, analysing web sites dedicated to grammar teaching, in view of their ergonomical qualities and their mode of appropriation by the foreign students. The ethnography of practices on line allows, in a second time, to compare the uses awaited by the originators of the ICT’s with the real outcome. Finally we seek, by this study, to contribute to a better evaluation of the current reality of this technologized teaching/ training and to take part in the evolution of educational technologies which would benefit for both teachers and students
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Aiblu, Salem. "L’influence de la doctrine chafi'îte sur Abû Hayyan al-Nahwî dans son commentaire Tafsîr al-Bahr al-Muhît." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20004/document.
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Ce travail porte sur l’influence doctrinale d’al-ŠâfiÝî sur Abû Íayyân al-naÎwî, dans son grand commentaire du Coran intitulé : Tafsîr al-BaÎr -al-MuÎîÔ. Pour comprendre sa démarche herméneutique, nous consacrons une partie importante à sa vie et à sa production intellectuelle. Nous étudions l’œuvre exégétique d’Abû Íayyân : nous démontrons comment sa méthode d'analyse et sa conception de la langue arabe et du Coran sont influencées par Al-ŠâfiÝî et son école juridique. Nous approfondissons les aspects sémantiques, lexicaux et grammaticaux de son analyse exégétique, et traitons aussi des phénomènes de polysémie, de synonymie et de mots à sens opposé. Nous abordons également la conception et les apports d' Abû Íayyân dans le domaine de la rhétorique, de la métonymie, de la sémantique grammaticale (Ýilm al- maÝânî) et de la science des ornements du discours (Ýilm al- badîÝ)This research deals with al-ŠâfiÝî's influence upon Abû Íayyân al-naÎwî 's doctrine, in his Great Commentaries of the Holy Quran entitled : Tafsîr al-BaÎr -al-MuÎîÔ. We understand his hermeneutic approach through an extensive analysis of his life and of his intellectual creation. We study Abû Íayyân's exegetical works : we show how far his analytic process and his conception of the Arabic language and of the Holy Quran are influenced by al-ŠâfiÝî and his juridic school of thought. We scrutinize the semantic, lexical and grammatical components of his approach, including polysemous, synonymous and opposite words. We analyse Abû Íayyân's conception and contribution in the fields of rhetoric, metonymy, grammatical semantics (Ýilm al- maÝânî) and in the science of ornemental speech (Ýilm al- badîÝ)
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Amin, Abdulrahman A. "Task-based and grammar-based English language teaching : an experimental study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3583.
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In recent decades there have been many expressions of dissatisfaction with the traditional method of teaching foreign languages. This method tends to concentrate on grammar and vocabulary and produce students who are strong in this type of knowledge but weak in using the language communicatively. Consequently, attempts have been made to devise teaching methods that give students stronger communication skills and address students' questionnaire feedback. This study examines attempts to prove the efficacy of the communicative approach and, in particular, experiments to prove its superiority to the grammatical approach. Particular attention is paid to Task-Based Learning (TBL) as one of the most promising examples of the communicative teaching approach. The study finds that, although previous comparative studies supply mounting evidence of the value of the newer methods, none provides clear proof of the superiority of one method over the other, because the experiment was poorly designed, the sample was too small or the recorded data deficient. A students' feedback questionnaire carried out as a preliminary study also established clear dissatisfaction with the grammar courses run by the University of Umm al-Qura in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a thoroughgoing experiment based on the question: do learners who are taught an English course using the TBL method reach a better level of proficiency and oral improvement at the end of the course than their counterparts who are taught with the grammar-based or traditional method? The experiment was conducted over a twelve-week term with second-year science students following a compulsory English for Science course at the University of Umm al-Qura. A total of 283 students took part, divided into eight classes, of which four were taught with the grammar-based learning (GBL) method and four were taught with the TBL method. The students were allocated to classes so that the GBL and TBL groups had a similar standard of English at the start of the experiment. All the teaching was done by the researcher. Four measures were used to answer the research question. Oral tests before and after the experiment measured fluency, the course final examination measured accuracy, recorded classroom observations provided material for analysing the content and conduct of lessons and classroom behaviour, and a course evaluation questionnaire sought to assess students' attitudes. The results clearly show that the TBL method improves the fluency and accuracy of university students more than the GBL method, and that the TBL learners were more active in the lessons, used the target language more and took more responsibility than the GBL learners. The TBL students also enjoyed the course more than their GBL counterparts and were more motivated to continue their English studies.
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Napiorkowska, Lidia Ewa. "A grammar of the Neo-Aramaic dialect of Christian Diyana-Zariwaw." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707996.
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Humbert, Geneviève. "Premières recherches sur le Kitâb de Si͏̈bawayhi." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080702.
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L'objet de la these est l'histoire du texte du plus ancien et du plus important des ouvrages ecrits sur la grammaire arabe, le kitab de sibawayhi (m. Vers 180 796). Les sources utilisees sont les manuscrits conserves : 77 ont ete retrouves, 58 examines et 47 decrits (onze copies, tardives et fautives, ont ete laissees de cote pour le moment). L'analyse des chaines de transmission contenues dans ces manuscripts, ainsi que d'autres documents (gloses, colophons et autres souscriptions), a permis de degager deux grandes etapes de l'histoire du texte : edition du kitab par al-mubarrad (m. En 285 898), avec constitution d'un corpus de gloses insere dans le texte ; large diffusion de cette recension, a la fois en orient, avec, comme relais principaux abu 'ali 1-farisi et al-zamakhshari, et en occident, ou le kitab est introduit, en andalus, par al-rabahi. L'edition d'al-mubarrad a pratiquement elimine toute autre recension. Une exception cependant : un namuscrit du 5e xie siecle (manuscrit 1a) conserve une autre version, qui pourrait etre en relation avec le rival "koufien" d'al-mubarrad : tha'lab (m. En 291 904). La comparaison entre le manuscrit 1a et l'edition imprimee montre que, sur de nombreux points, celle-ci doit etre corrigee : plusieurs passages importants reprennent alors en sens, qu'ils avaient jusqu'a present perduThis thesis studies the history of the text of the earliest extant work on arabic grammar : al-kotab by sibawayhi (died ca. 180 796). The sources used are the manuscripts of the text : out of 77 known manuscripts, 58 have been examined and 47 described (elven manuscripts, flawed and late, have been left aside for the moment). The analysis of the chains of transmitters cited in the manuscripts, as well as of other evidence (glosses, colophons and other scribal notes), points to two main stages in the text's history : 1) edition of kitab by al-mubarrad (d. In 285 898), who introduced numerous glosses into the text, 2) and wide diffusion of this edition in both the east, notably by abu 'ali l-farisi and al-zamakhshari, and in the west, where the text was introduced in al-andalus by al-rabahi. Al-mubarrad's corpus became the standard edition of kitab, which had all but eliminated the others. One exception should, however, be noted : the manuscript la (5th xith century), which preserves an older state of the text, without the glosses, might be related to the "kufian" rival of al-mubarrad : tha'lab. Many passages of kitab can be restored with the help of the newly discovered manuscript 1a
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Bashir, Ahmed Mustafa Aamir. "Temps et aspect en arabe : étude comparative avec le français." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC030.
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Le sujet de cette recherche, intitulé Temps et Aspect en arabe. Étude comparative avec le français, porte sur une étude comparative du fonctionnement du temps et de l’aspect dans les deux langues. Le présent travail décrit le système temporel de la langue et étudie les procédures de fonctionnement du temps dans le récit et les effets de sens relevant des différentes procédures de l’énonciation du temps.En effet, notre étude n’est pas uniquement une étude à perspective contrastive de l’arabe et du français. Elle a aussi pour but d’éclairer le processus de production écrite des étudiants soudanais quant à l’expression du temps. Nous recueillerons dans un premier temps un corpus de productions écrits d’étudiants soudanais. Nous avons consacré dans un deuxième temps notre étude à un corpus littéraire (deux récits : Saison de la migration vers le nord et Le Messie du Darfour)The subject of this research, entitled Tenses and Aspect in Arabic: a comparative study with French, consists of a comparative study of the functioning of tenses and aspect in the languages in question. This work describes the tense systems of both languages: it studies howt heses tenses function in narration and the effects of meaning under the different procedures of the enunciation of tenses. However, our study is not only a contrastive study of Arabic and French tenses. It also aims to shed light on the written production process of Sudanese students as regards the expression of tenses. We will first collect a corpus of written productions of Sudanese students. We also based our study on a literary corpus (two stories: Season of the migration to the north and The Messiah of Darfur)
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El-Akhdar, Boujemâa. "Régularités dans le lexique arabe : vers une grammaire dérivationnelle." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040224.
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Qorchi, Bouchra. "Eléments de grammaire contrastive en anglais et en arabe." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030124.
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Ce travail est une etude contrastive des operateurs th et dh en anglais et en arabe respectivement. Ces deux operateurs jouent un role tres important dans les grammaires respectives de ces deux langues. Th et dh sont issus de la meme operation, une operation qui s'appuie sur l'acquis de la construction. Nous avons essaye de demontrer que malgre la multiplicite des effets de sens auxquels peuvent renvoyer ces deux operateurs le travail sous-jacent est le meme d'ou la necessite d'une approche metalinguistique. Ces deux elements sont a la base des deictiques et des pronoms relatifs, ce qui explique leur importance dans les grammaires respectives de l'anglais et de l'arabeThis thesis is a contrastive analysis of the operators th and dh in english and arabic respectively. The morphemes play an important role in the grammars of these langages. Th and dh result from the same operation. We have tried throughout thesis to demonstrate that in spite of the multiplicity of the semantic values of these operators the underlying operation is the same. This explains the importance of metalinguistic approach. These elements are at the basis of the deictics and the relative pronouns. This latter fact justifies their importance in the grammars of english and arabic