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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabic Grammarians'
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1
Milah, Aang Saeful. "PEMIKIRAN IBNU MALIK TENTANG OTORISASI HADITS SEBAGAI SUMBER KAIDAH NAHWU." ALQALAM 30, no. 3 (2013): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v30i3.1425.
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Prophetic Hadits has been served as the secondary source for inducting Arabic grammar (Iim al-Nahwu) next to the Qur'an. It was Ibnu Malik the first grammarian who developed a concept of employing Hadith in postulating his theories. Even though it is not arguable that there had been grammarians who had done so prior to him, attentions that had been payed to Hadits by those grammarians seemed to be not in balance with Hadith which actually has been the most loquence language for the Arabs. There were three stands of grammarians upon the Hadits: Most grammarians refused Hadits and preferred ancient Arabic poetry more than Hadits, some others openly took it into account, and the rest took the middle position.
 This article aims at describing lbnu Maliks thoughts on the authority of Hadits as a source of Nahwu. He tried to prove that Hadits could, and still, play authoritative role in postulating theories of Nahwu.
 Key Words: Ibnu Malik, Nahwu, Hadith, Language
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Basith, Abdul. "KLASIFIKASI KATA DALAM BAHASA ARAB MENURUT LINGUIS ARAB KLASIK DAN MODERN." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 8, no. 2 (2009): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2009.08203.
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This paper aims to investigate Arabic word classificati based on Arabic Grammarians and modern linguists’ perspectives and principles which they use in that classification. As it is explored by Arabic Grammarians, the word classification is divided into three components, such as ism (noun), fi'l (verb) and harf (particle) ,which causes problems when between definition and sign of each of the classification is unmatched in a given text. Therefore, some modern linguists, one of them is Tamām Hassān, try to reconsider and to remake a new classification of Arabic words. While other Arabic Grammarians only use the six principles of classification (such as distribution principle, substitution principle, function principle, morpheme principle, meaning principle and predicative principle), Tamām Hassān uses two additional principles, those are: the form principle (al-mabnā) and the meaning principle (alma'nā). and the conclusion of is that Arabic word is divided to seven such as ism (noun), sifah (adjective), fi'l (verb), damīr (pronoun), arf (adverb), khalīfah (exclamation) and adāh.
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Owens, Jonathan. "Case and proto-Arabic, Part II." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, no. 2 (1998): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00013781.
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In Part I of this paper, the status of case in proto-Arabic was examined in the light of comparative Afroasiatic, comparative Semitic and the treatment of case among the earliest Arabic grammarians. The thesis was developed that a caseless variety of Arabic is prior to a case-based one. It was argued that there is comparatively little support for deriving a proto-Arabic case system from a pan-phylic or even a pan-family case system. Furthermore, various interpretive problems relating to case among the earliest grammarians were alluded to. These included the possibility that the earliest Arabic grammatical terminology for inflectional endings may imply the existence of caseless varieties of Arabic, and the difficulty of deriving the caseless forms such as are found in modern dialects from pausal forms of the classical language.
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Mohammed Albar, Ibtihaal. "Linguistic Gender in Arabic, a Theoretical and Analytical Study." Al-Dad Journal 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol5no1.1.
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This study aims to discuss the phenomenon of masculinization and feminization in Arabic. It seeks to explore the syntactic features that distinguish masculinization and feminization; and their reflections on old Arabic dialects and Qur’anic modes of recitation. Moreover, the study examines the social dimension of the phenomenon of masculinization and feminization, and the effect of the linguistic gender on the Arabic sentence structure. Using the descriptive approach, the syntactic theory confirms that a significant distinction exists between the masculine and feminine references in many syntactic categories such as demonstratives, relative pronouns and verbal predicates. Grammarians’ perception of masculinization as a source, and feminization as a subdivision is firmly rooted in the Arabic culture; emanating from the belief that the masculine is the original creature. Grammarians, therefore, posit that the masculine does not need markers, unlike the feminine. Qur’anic modes of recitation differed in dealing with this phenomenon depending on the reference of the pronoun. Grammarians have employed the rule of meaning to make sentences agree with the masculinization and feminization rules.
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Al-Dobaian, Abdullah S. "A Syntactic Analysis of Arabic Tense and Aspect." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 6 (2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.82.
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I discuss the morphological analysis of tense and aspect proposed by early Arab grammarians and illustrate some of its problems. In order to account for these problems, the Arab grammarians had to relegate the effects of tense and aspect to the morphological forms of faÀal and yafÀal. I show that these forms marked different tense specifications other than the default past tense for faÀal and present or future tense for yafÀal. As for aspect it has only received a sporadic and inconsistent analysis by early Arab grammarians. I agree with Fassi Fehri (1993) and Juhfah (2006) that a comprehensive theory of tense and aspect is essential for Arabic. I propose a syntactic analysis of tense and aspect in Arabic based on MacDonald’s (2008) analysis with some modifications needed to account for the Arabic data. Unlike Fassi Fehri and Juhfah’s analyses, this analysis is based on the verb interaction with its arguments and modifiers in which the verb checks tense and aspect syntactically by moving to functional projections: aspect phrase and tense phrase. I argue that such syntactic analysis consistently explains the interaction of tense and aspect in Arabic and their relevant specifications.
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Ahmed Khalaf, Hisham. "The foreign grammarians and their impact on Arabic." Halabja University Journal 6, no. 2 (2016): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10379.
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Ermers, Robert. "Turkic morphology seen by the Arabic grammarians. The passive." Histoire Epistémologie Langage 42, no. 1 (2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hel/2020004.
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This paper deals with the analyses of medieval Arab grammarians of passive and resultative verbs in Turkic. In Arabic grammatical theory, certain forms are correlated with unique meanings. In Arabic there are basically two types of passives: first, an internal apophonic passive, indicated by a vowel shift within the verbal root, e.g. /faˁila/ → /fuˁila/; secondly, a passive indicated by the prefix in- attached to the root, i.e. Form VII, which results in the infinitive pattern infiˁāl —yet verbal forms construed according to the VII paradigm are in addition often interpreted as resultative verbs. In Turkic, verbs can be passivized by adding an -Vl- to the verbal stem (under some criteria this is -Vn-), e.g. ˀur- ‘hit’ → ˀur-ul- ‘be hit’; the Turkish -Vn- form also expresses the reflexive form, e.g. ˀur-un- ‘hit oneself’. In addition, other suffixes may indicate passivization. This poses problems for the grammarians, which they tackle in similar but also very distinct ways: the distinctions between the two passive forms in Arabic, the missing resultative in Turkic, the passive in Turkic, the notion of stem in Turkic versus root in Arabic theory, the position of the inserted element, the criteria according to which the Turkic passive form is not -Vl- but instead -Vn-, to name but a few.
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Jarbou, Samir Omar. "Medial deictic demonstratives in Arabic." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 22, no. 1 (2012): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.22.1.04jar.
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This paper investigates two different views concerning the number of deictic degrees of demonstratives in Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The first view claims that CA has a medial category of demonstratives in addition to proximals and distals; the second view postulates that there are only proximals and distals in CA. The study examines the dialectal origin of singular and dual CA demonstratives based on writings of ancient grammarians in addition to investigating the Semitic origin of these demonstratives. It is argued that the demonstrative system in CA is the result of a combination of two dialectal demonstrative systems: one of these had been used in Old ?ijaazi, while the other had been used in Old Tamiimi Arabic. Each of these dialects had only proximals and distals but no medials. Demonstratives in these dialects had dissimilar forms for distals. ?ijaazi distals had two suffixes attached to the proximal base, while Tamiimi ones had one suffix only. The presence of these different forms led grammarians representing the first view to the fallacy that demonstratives with one suffix are medials, while those with two suffixes are distals. However, the supposed medials are in fact the distals that were used in Old Tamiimi; their distance value is the same as that of Old Hijaazi distals.
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Ermers, Robert. "Turkic morphology seen by the Arabic grammarians. The passive." Histoire Épistémologie Langage, no. 42-1 (September 28, 2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hel.520.
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Vidro, Nadia. "Grammars of Classical Arabic in Judaeo-Arabic." Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 8, no. 2-3 (2020): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-20201010.
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Abstract This article presents an overview of medieval Classical Arabic grammars written in Judaeo-Arabic that are preserved in the Cairo Genizah and the Firkovich Collections. Unlike Jewish grammarians’ application of the Arabic theoretical model to describing Biblical Hebrew, Arabic grammars transliterated into Hebrew characters bear clear evidence of Jewish engagement with the Arabic grammatical tradition for its own sake. In addition, such manuscripts furnish new material on the history of the Arabic grammatical tradition by preserving otherwise unknown texts. The article discusses individual grammars of Classical Arabic in Judaeo-Arabic and tries to answer more general questions on this little known area of Jewish intellectual activity. An analysis of the corpus suggests that Jews who copied and used these texts were less interested in the intricacies of abstract theory than in attaining a solid knowledge of Classical Arabic. Court scribes appear to have been among those interested in the study of Classical Arabic grammar.
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Shah, Mustafa. "Exploring the Genesis of Early Arabic Linguistic Thought: Qur'anic Readers and Grammarians of the Basran Tradition (Part II)." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 5, no. 2 (2003): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2003.5.2.1.
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While Part I of this article examined the role played by Kūfan readers and grammarians in the genesis of Arabic linguistic thought, furnishing a synopsis of issues such as origins, features, and influential individuals, Part II focuses upon a similar treatment of the contribution made by Baṣran readers and grammarians to the development of this tradition. The article will outline Baṣran readers' attempts to devise and implement improvements to orthography, vowel markings and diacritics. It will also gauge the extent to which endeavours therein were gradually augmented by a profoundly theoretical approach to linguistic aspects of the collation, authentication, and articulation of Qur'anic readings. A survey of this formative period will propose that while the service of scripture is the distinguished objective of early Basran linguistic activity, the accentuation of abstract considerations in approaches to scripture presages not only a shift in this tradition's focus, application, and design, but it also marks the emergence of the first pioneering grammarians who place Arabic linguistic thought on an altogether insular plane, composing literature which reflected the new perspective, while preparing the ground for the contributions of Sibawayhi and his many peers.
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., Arifuddin. "The Dialectic Of Time In Modern Arabic Linguistics Discourse." KnE Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i3.721.
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<p>This research aims to reveal the dialogue of modern Arabian Grammarians about time and its representations in Arabic grammar. Using new findings of general linguistics field, this dialogue reflects vast efforts of reconstructions and developments of Arabic grammar in particular tense and aspect. It is descriptive research that explains some significant ideas and thought produced by modern Arabian grammarians such as Tammam Hassan, Mahdi al-Makhzumi, Yusuf Malik al-Muthallibi, and Ibrahim as-Samirra’i, primarily selected for their outstanding studies and discoveries on the topics. The data are collected from their books, processed and analyzed by comparing one work to another. Early results show that expression of time or temporal act is signified by numerous grammatical and lexical means covering verbs, verb phrase, and nouns, and considering negative, positive, and affirmative sentences.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Modern Arabic Grammar, Tense, Aspect.</em><strong></strong></p>
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Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "Arabia and Areal Hybridity." Journal of Language Contact 6, no. 2 (2013): 220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00602002.
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The present contribution proposes the existence of two ‘micro linguistic areas’ in Arabia in which features from Arabic and other Semitic languages diffused multilaterally. Some of the output varieties pose a significant challenge to phylogeny as they exhibit conflicting isoglosses connecting them equally with different lineages of Semitic. We introduce to the term ‘areal hybridity’ to explain the genetic position of languages emerging from contact situations such as these. We argue that several older varieties, such as the dialect of Ṭayyiʾ and the medieval Ḥimyaritic language described by the Arab grammarians, as well some modern varieties of southwest Arabia, such as Rāziḥī and Riǧāl Almaʿ, fall into this category.
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Abdulaziz Homeed Aljohani, Abdulaziz Homeed Aljohani. "The grammatical predilection of the narrated recitation over irregular recitation." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 26, no. 2 (2018): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.26-2.6.
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This paper is about the choosing of irregular Quran recitation over a narrated one based on the grammar rules. The paper focuses on the irregular Quern recitations that were mentioned in the books of the Quaran interpretation and Arabic language and grammar and were chosen by Arabic grammarians over the narrated ones despite their knowledge of the superiority of the latter. These recitations were collected, arranged and studied according to the rules of Arabic syntax, morphology and phenology. The paper concluded by listing the main findings of the study.
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Zabarah, Hana. "From Description to Prescription." Historiographia Linguistica 44, no. 1 (2017): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.04zab.
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Summary Once the need to learn a language arises, grammatical instructional manuals evolve from descriptive grammars of that language. Language description involves the uncovering of the rules of the language from collected data, and teaching those rules is the reason grammatical manuals exist. The most comprehensive descriptive grammar of Arabic is Sībawayhi’s Kitāb (d. ca.161–94 AH/777–810 A.D.). He includes the rules of Arabic as he deduced them from the language of the Arabs. As time passed and the need to learn Arabic increased, many grammarians started to write grammatical manuals for beginners. Sībawayhi’s monumental work was too speculative and highly theoretical for this task and was never suitable for instruction. The descriptiveness of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb needed to morph into a more approachable grammar. Zağğāğī’s Ğumal (d. ca.337–340/948–951) and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s Muqaddima (d.469/1077) are two instructional manuals that are concise and more suitable for beginners. This study examines how pedagogy in Zağğāğī’s Ğumal and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s Muqaddima evolved from the descriptive rules of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb through a careful analysis of istiṯnā’ “exception” rules presented by each grammarian in this study. Although the rules are essentially the same in all three books, presentation and description or lack thereof are sufficiently different illustrating their distinct objectives.
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Khadidja, Safi. "The Guides Verbs in the Arabic Language: Are Its Terms Originals or Borrowed?" Tanwir Arabiyyah: Arabic As Foreign Language Journal 1, no. 2 (2021): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31869/aflj.v1i2.2905.
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Grammarists differed about the definition of the verb in the Arabic language, but they were in great agreement in dividing it from different sides. From these sides, we find the division of verbs according to the function of directing, which is the subject of this study. The view of the ancient grammarians to the function was affected by the grammatical direction followed (factor theory, semantics). It was noted in some of what they termed a clear dimension of the function of guidance, and with reference to the global grammar that created entrances between languages, even if the characteristics of languages differed among them, borrowing as a mechanism of linguistic development of the Arabic language has allowed, based on this way, to borrow many terms from Other languages were -sometimes- more compatible than that we find in the Arabic language used, for this reason, the researcher tried to study the guides verbs in the Arabic language; After enumerating them and clarifying their terms in the Arabic language, then comparing them with what is used in the French and English languages; It was found that some of the guides Arabic verbs were labeled with a term that is a sign of this function, and some of them were affected by the factor theory in grammar, so their terms did not express the function of directing, and after compare them with modern Arabic studies ,and also, in English and French, we were able to find an appropriate term to achieve the concept of directing. Therefore, the researcher suggested updating or changing these terms by creating appropriate terms that take advantage of the English and French languages, as well as modern Arabic conventions..
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Boabbas, Husain. "Grammatical Homogeneity." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 9, no. 1 (2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol9iss1pp17-29.
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Homogeneity is a concept used by grammarians to explain several grammatical provisions dispersed amongst multiple fields. This research paper examines this concept and its impact on Arabic grammar at the syntactical and interpretation levels and how it relates to other rules. This study compiles locations and texts in which the term is mentioned and others used by grammarians to relay the same concept. The impact of this issue is clear in its ability to display the pivotal impact of the concept of homogeneity in the Arabic linguistic rhetoric. Despite that fact that it appears clearly in the field of comparative literature, there is still some room for further investigation in the grammatical discourse due to lack of attention granted to it. This research paper includes an introduction and three research points, the first is for the term (Almoshakalah). The second which investigates the theoretical framework of homogeneity and the third which investigates various forms of grammatical and linguistical homogeneity after which the conclusion states essential research points.
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FINKIN, JORDAN. "Enantiodrama: Enantiosemia in Arabic and beyond." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68, no. 3 (2005): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x05000212.
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Words which designate both themselves and their opposites can be found in many languages around the world. For the Arabic grammarians of the eighth and ninth centuries the existence of such a class of words was a concern as it was a potential hindrance to intelligibility and clarity of semantic interpretation. This paper seeks to engage one thread of that tradition, to reposition it in the context of more modern linguistic scholarship, and to expand on it implications for an understanding of language, all the while hopefully dispelling some of the more wanton psychological misconceptions it has engendered.
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D’Anna, Luca. "Language Practice and Language Description among Arabic Grammarians from Sībawayhi to al-Šidyāq: the Case of Agreement." Quaderni di Studi Arabi 15, no. 1-2 (2020): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667016x-15010204.
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Abstract Agreement in Arabic has received, in the last few decades, considerable interest, resulting in a satisfactory illustration of the system obtaining in pre-Classical varieties of the language, Classical / Modern Standard Arabic and the spoken dialects. On the other hand, the descriptions of agreement in traditional Arabic grammars have not yet been the object of detailed analysis. The present paper represents a first step in that direction, analyzing agreement in two grammarians situated at the chronological extremes of traditional Arabic grammar, i.e. Sībawayhi (d. 180/796) and al-Šidyāq (1805-1887). The approach adopted in this paper is twofold. The grammatical treatises in which the descriptions of agreement are provided, in fact, are considered as both a source of metalinguistic reflection and as a written text from which samples of agreement are collected, in order to gauge the consistency between language description and language usage at the dawn and sunset of traditional Arabic grammar.
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Campanelli, Marta. "The originality of Ibn Maḍāʾ’s linguistic ideas: prescriptive rules versus methodology insideal-Raddʿalā al-nuḥāt". Histoire Epistémologie Langage 40, № 2 (2018): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hel/2018018.
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Ibn Maḍāʾ represents the first scholar who overtly condemned the tradition of grammatical studies formulated in the eastern Mediterranean lands. However, his invective does not undermine the Arabic grammatical theory in its entirety but leaves the majority of its normative contents intact. Indeed, Ibn Maḍāʾ attacks a series of elements representative of the method adopted by Arab grammarians in dealing with such contents: the concept of government (ʿamal), the analogical reasoning (qiyās), the concealment of linguistic elements (ʾiḍmār), the secondary and tertiary causes (ʿilal ṯawānin wa-ṯawāliṯ). The present paper analyses the effective originality of his invective, comparing it to some ideas expressed by Eastern grammarians, especially those belonging to the Kūfan tradition, showing the main points of analogy.
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Versteegh, Kees. "The Notion of ‘Underlying Levels’ in the Arabic Grammatical Tradition." Historiographia Linguistica 21, no. 3 (1994): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.21.3.02ver.
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Abstract Even ‘naive’ speakers use a distinction between actual, realized speech with its ‘literal’ meaning, and an underlying level of ‘what is actually meant’. Such a distinction is made because speakers instinctively feel that very often actual speech does not represent exactly what the speaker intends to say. In this paper it is claimed that this non-technical distinction lies at the basis of a technical distinction between a surface structure of speech and an underlying level. In the technical stage of Arabic grammar the emphasis shifts from an analysis of the underlying intention of the speaker towards an explanation of the syntactic form of actual speech, which is mapped onto an underlying representation. Both in the Classical Greek and the Arabic/Islamic tradition we find a development from an early stage of exegetical activity, in which the intention of the speaker or the text is elaborated by positing an underlying level of semantic representation, towards a technical distinction between a surface level and an underlying level. The difference between the two traditions lies in the fact that Greek linguistics was more semantically oriented, whereas in Arabic grammar the main tool of the grammarians, the taqdîr, was basically an instrument to explain the syntactic structure of speech, in line with the predominantly formal approach of the Arabic grammarians. Compared with modern linguistic theory, both traditions have in common that they do not look for an underlying level of meaning that is universal to all languages. The main reason for this difference is that neither Greek nor Arabic linguists were interested in the study of other languages.
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Watad, Ali. "The Term ʿiwaḍ (“Compensation”) and Its Meaning in Sefer ha-Maslul and in the Works of Rabbinic and Arab Grammarians". Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 9, № 1-2 (2020): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-20201016.
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Abstract Sefer ha-Maslul (“Book of the Path”) is a Hebrew grammar book in the Samaritan tradition. The book, known in Arabic as Kitāb al-Tawṭiya (“Book of Introduction”), was composed in that language during the first half of the twelfth century and is the earliest and only known surviving Samaritan grammatical work. It was first published by Zeʾev Ben-Haim in his monumental book, The Literary and Oral Tradition of Hebrew and Aramaic amongst the Samaritans. Grammatical terminology is key to understanding the theory of a grammarian. One can obtain such understanding by tracking a term throughout a work, examining how it is used and whether its usage is consistent. The term ʿiwaḍ (“compensation”) is a central one in Sefer ha-Maslul. In this article I will examine the outlook of its author, the grammarian Abū Isḥāq b. Mārūṯ, as well as the term ʿiwaḍ and its usages. Sefer ha-Maslul was written following the emergence of scientific grammar among Rabbinic, Arab, and Karaite grammarians. Accordingly, I will compare its author’s approach with those of Judah ben David Ḥayyūǧ (a Rabbanite), Ibn Ǧinnī (a Muslim) and Abū l-Farāǧ Hārūn (a Karaite).
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AL-Heety, Enad Mukhlif Muhabbsh. "The Condition Which Is Contained in Grammatical Rule." Journal of AlMaarif University College 31, no. 2 (2020): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v31i2.203.g167.
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The grammatical rule is considered the final model that will be followed construct a meaningful sentence as Arabic used to say. This rule has certain limits that governs the grammatical rule in order not to be confused with another .one of these limits is the condition put by grammarians which is considered an important limit. The condition is also regarded a must to the rule although it is not shared in governing it. Yet, if it is absent, there will not be a grammatical rule. The condition will be very essential if we have similar grammatical rules and it becomes important to put more than one condition to differentiate among these rules for this reasons, the condition is important for the grammarians.
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Spallino, Patrizia. "La faute de grammaire entendue comme mal et le mal de la faute de grammaire dans le Taṯqīf al-lisān de Ibn Makkī al-Ṣiqillī". Studi Magrebini 20, № 1 (2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-20220064.
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Abstract The Taṯqīf al-lisān wa talqīḥ al-ǧanān by the grammarian and linguist, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar Ibn Ḫalaf Ibn Makkī al-Ḥamīrī al-Māzirī al-Ṣiqillī, is an example of the Arabic language spoken in 10th-century Sicily, when the island was an Islamic Emirate. In its 50 chapters, the treaty lists grammatical errors made by Sicilians whether common people (al-ʿāmma) or cultivated speakers (al-muḫaṣṣiṣūn). The typology of this treatise falls within those classified as laḥn al-ʿāmma, a field of linguistic science that is dedicated to correcting forms that deviate from the grammar rules of the standard language accepted by grammarians and lexicographers. This study will focus on two chapters concerning the incorrectness in the recitation of the Qur’an and in the transmission of aḥādīṯ. The study aims at analyzing the grammatical error concerning the sacred language and the Sunna that can lead to misunderstanding or misinterpretation of Islamic doctrines.
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Druel, Jean N., та Almog Kasher. "“Though This Be Madness, Yet There Is Method In’t”: The mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf (Diptotes) in Arabic Grammatical Tradition". Arabica 66, № 1-2 (2019): 98–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341520.
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Abstract This article discusses theories designed by medieval Arabic grammarians to explain one of the most puzzling topics in Arabic grammar, mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf (diptotes). The mainstream theory of mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf probably took on its definitive form in the early 4th/10th century; it differs from Sībawayhi’s (d. ca 180/796) theory, yet consists of a generalisation of features found in the latter. A later modification, which retained its basic elements, was presented to the mainstream theory probably during the 7th/13th century. A radically different theory was presented by al-Suhaylī (d. 581/1185), who harshly criticised the mainstream theory as inadequate and arbitrary.
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Ahmad Nazzal Alshammari, Ahmad Nazzal Alshammari. "The treatise entitled “Al-ashbaah beraf‘ AL-Eshtebah fii ‘elal al-nuhah” (The similarities in removing ambiguity in grammarians’ causes)Muhammad bin Esaa bin Kenan Al-Khalwaty (d. 1135 A. H. )(English Abstract(." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 27, no. 1 (2019): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.27-1.4.
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This paper studies one of the valuable and precious treatises in Arabic tradition because of its subject (grammatical causes). Although the subject of the treatise “grammatical causes” is a very important one, we only have received very few books about it. The treatise studied and edited in this paper entitled “Al-ashbaah beraf‘ AL-Eshtebah fii ‘elal al-nohah” (The similarities in removing ambiguity in grammarians’ causes). It is written by Muhammad ben Esaa ben Kenan Al-Khalwaty (d. 1153 A. H. )one of the most Levantine historians. The treatise studied and edited in this paper is about the theoretical side of grammatical causes as it deals with the two categories of grammarians’ causes, the most frequent types of causes, and 25 causes. It gives examples for each one of them. It ends with a speech discussing the scholars who do not consider the grammatical causes and it also differentiates between the causes of grammarians and that of jurists and theologians. The edited text of the treatise is preceded with a study deals with the author and his published and unpublished works. This study investigates the treatise itself as well.
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Rauf, Abdullah Zainur, and Nur Qomari. "ASALIBU ISTIDLAL AN NUHAT FI KITAB SYARAH ALFIYAH IBNU ‘AQIL." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (2022): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v16i2.10643.
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Nahwu is the key to understanding Arabic texts. Nahwu is growing rapidly so that many nahwu experts write about nahwu theories. And among the experts, there are different views related to the rules of nahwu. This research aims to know the methods of thinking of grammarians in the book Sharh Alfiyah Ibnu ‘Aqil. This research uses the qualitative approach to find out the differences between grammarians in controlling grammatical rulings. This research reveals five chapters in which scholars differ, including 1) presenting the subject over the subjunctive 2) abstracting the verb from a sign indicating the duality or plural 3) proving the t in the verb and its subject is an authentic feminine and with the separation of only 4) presenting the object on the subject 5) the return of the pronoun from The advanced subject is the delayed subject.
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Igaab, Zainab Kadim, and Saja Mohammed Magrood Altai. "Concord in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2017): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p288.
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The present study is a descriptive, analytic and contrastive one because it describes concord in English and Arabic to arrive at the similarities and differences between the two languages. This study aims at describing, analyzing and comparing concord in English and Arabic because the phenomenon of concord has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years. It also aims at comparing and contrasting concord between the two languages by defining it, showing its syntactic and semantic aspects and illustrating its different types and rules. This study concludes that concord as a syntactic phenomenon exists in both languages. English deals with such a topic clearly and separately in grammar while in Arabic, it is not by being explained in sentences. Arab grammarians pay attention to the role of concord in the sentence and deal with it in different grammatical topics.
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Rafi’ Ghazi Al-Sulami, Rafi’ Ghazi Al-Sulami. "The Silk: The Poetic system of The Morphology Prose of lbn Asfur (by an Unknown Scholar from the Eighth Century AH) Studied and edited by." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 25, no. 1 (2017): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.25-1.4.
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This book is written in poetic structure. It adopts the poetry as a style to write down the subjects of morphology. The author of the book is an unknown scholar (he belongs to the eighth century AH). The most important results of this research include the following: 1) The silk book has a scientific value among grammarians. 2) The author of this manuscript has a specific opinions in the topics of morphology. 3) The same author was acquainted with the knowledge of Arabic. 4) The science of grammar stayed active in Arabic Islamic culture through out ages. 5) Writing grammar and morphology in a poetic style was valid in Islamic civilization for educational purposes.
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ZACHS, FRUMA, and YEHUDIT DROR. "Al-Bustānī's Approach to the Arabic Language: From Theory to Practice." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 3 (2019): 393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186319000130.
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AbstractBuṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–1883) was one of the leading figures of the Nahḍa period. In most studies on the Nahḍa, his activities, work and projects are seen as having made an important contribution to the revival of the Arabic language by transforming it to meet the needs of modern times. Although his lexical contribution has been researched there is no comprehensive research on his grammatical contribution to the Arabic language. This article shows that al-Bustānī's Encyclopedia reflects a conservative approach toward grammar in that he confined himself to abridging the grammatical rules enshrined by traditional grammarians. However, he took a liberal and reformist approach to the lexicon that drew on both classical and Western sources.
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Sartori, Manuel. "Les rapports logico-sémantiques marqués par fāʾ en arabe". Quaderni di Studi Arabi 15, № 1-2 (2020): 5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667016x-15010203.
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Abstract When confronted with hypothetical systems in Arabic, one inevitably meets, at one time or another, a fāʾ between the protasis (p) and the apodosis (q). We do not fail to note, however, that its presence does not seem to indicate identical relationships between p and q. According to Larcher, for whom fāʾ has a unique role, that of a segmentator, this particle is the mark of a double break, formal and semantic: as soon as fa- is present there is no logical relation of implication between p and q, the logical relation possibly being of another nature. Within the framework of the global vision that he offers, Larcher then recognizes this particle with several semantic values (deductive, enunciative, justificative, oppositive). This article attempts to answer the question of whether the Arabic grammar recognizes also several semantic values attached to the segmentator fāʾ. Through the prism of this study of the history of Arabic grammar, it will be shown that at least two values are recognized in fāʾ: one, called fāʾ al-sababiyya, is easily recognized by the Arabic grammatical tradition and marks the relationship of logical implication where p induces q; the other, known as fāʾ al-taʿlīl, marks on the contrary something else and in particular, but not only, that it is in fact q which is the cause of p. However, this value and its denomination of fāʾ al-taʿlīl, besides being ignored by the Arabists, is largely also by the Arab grammarians themselves: it is in fact only recognized in a more or less explicit manner among certain medieval grammarians, and is only specifically named as such very recently with Ġalāyīnī (d. 1364/1944). It rather seems that this value is in fact derived from the foundations of law (ʾuṣūl al-fiqh) in the 5th/11th century, and that its denomination dates at least from the 8th/14th century in the same field. All of this is later found in another of the sciences related to Arabic grammar, namely that of exegesis (tafsīr), at least in the 12th/17th century. This then shows all the interest in pursuing transdisciplinary works for the case of Arabic grammar.
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Al-Juaifari, Hanaa Idan Mahdi. "The Grammatical Probability of the Accusative Nouns in Surat Maryam." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221112.
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The word of God confuses all of his creation, because of what is distinguished by it, and because it is something unlike it, all scholars differed from the commentators and grammarians about it. I wanted to search in his dear book and in one of its honorable surahs, and because it was a surah that was neither long nor short, and the names mentioned in it were many, I chose (Surat Maryam - the Blessed). The aim of the study is that many of its word structures differed in which scholars from grammarians, visual and Kufic interpreters, and the reasons for this is a difference in its facts and reading of its verses in the introduction, delay and omission, and variation in its grammatical functions and expansion in its meanings and the tribal fanaticism that affected its words and consequently on its expression. All of this generated different Arabic form, some of which could be interpreted as three. I took samples from this and that and detailed opinions and evidence. All of this proved that the basis of the grammatical difference in the plurality of Arabic possibilities is two axes, the most important of which is the meaning and the second is its relevance to the grammatical rule, as well as the many semantics of the words of the honorable verse.
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Youssof ZEID, Fadl. "THE SYNTAX BOOKS OF THE HOLY QUR’AN IN THE PERIOD FROM 600 AH - 800 AH - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, no. 6 (2022): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.17.13.
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-The seventh and eighth centuries AH represent a period of prosperity and maturity for all sciences, arts, and knowledge in general, and grammatical studies in particular. These two centuries also witnessed the emergence of distinguished scholars who participated in building the Arabic edifice and its completion. Among these scholars are Ibn Yaish, Al-Malqi ,Nazir AlJaish, Ibn Jaber Al-Ama and many others. -The purpose of authorship differed among the scholars of this period, as the writings of a single grammarian may differ in terms of the method of authorship according to the goal that he aims for, so we find - for example - by Ibn Hisham educational books such as Sharh Shadhur al-Dhahab, Sharh Qatr al-Nada, Sharh Jamal al-Zajaji, Ashthar al-Masalak, and AlJami al-Saghir in Grammar, expressing the rules of syntax, the objection of the condition to the condition, and other educational books. We also find by the author himself applied books that deal with grammatical rules through the linguistic text, such as the Qur’an, the noble hadith, and poetry. -Some grammarians in these two centuries were also dominated by other interests that were not directly related to Arabic grammar. For this reason, we find among them interpreters, jurists, theologians, philosophers, and rationalists, such as al-Razi Abu Musa al-Jazuli ,Ibn Malik , Abu Hayyan , al-Shatibi and others. This is based on their writings and the information they contained, and the mixing of grammar with other sciences, which led to a multiplicity of levels and confusion of information. -In these two centuries, the direction of applied grammar was evident, and it included the books of syntax of the Holy Qur’an, books of endowment and initiation, books of syntax of abnormal readings, books of syntax of noble hadith, books of syntax of grammatical evidence, books of syntax of poetry, books of riddles and grammatical riddles, and the field of syntax of the Holy Qur’an is considered the most applied grammar The grammarians cared more about the Qur’an in syntax and direction than their interest in other texts, and this will appear clearly during this research. Key words: The Syntax Books of The Holy Qur’an; Grammatical Studies
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Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. "The Morphophonemics of Weak Triliteral Stems in Standard Arabic: A Generative Phonology Perspective." Al Abhath 68, no. 1 (2020): 182–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589997x-06801007.
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The “weak” triliteral stems of Standard Arabic have been studied in considerable detail by Arab as well as Western grammarians. In most cases, however, the treatment has been largely limited to listing and classifying the primary data, which satisfies observational adequacy but fails to meet the essential requirements of descriptive adequacy, simplicity and generality. In a few cases rules have been proposed, but these rules fall short of expectations: on the whole, they strike the user as complex, arbitrary and unmotivated. Drawing on the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar, I have formulated a small set of rules which seek to satisfy all of the three essential requirements, and thus render the subject more palatable to scholars as well as learners of Standard Arabic.
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Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. "The Morphophonemics of Weak Triliteral Stems in Standard Arabic: A Generative Phonology Perspective." Al Abhath 68, no. 1 (2020): 182–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18115586-00680106.
Full textAbstract:
The “weak” triliteral stems of Standard Arabic have been studied in considerable detail by Arab as well as Western grammarians. In most cases, however, the treatment has been largely limited to listing and classifying the primary data, which satisfies observational adequacy but fails to meet the essential requirements of descriptive adequacy, simplicity and generality. In a few cases rules have been proposed, but these rules fall short of expectations: on the whole, they strike the user as complex, arbitrary and unmotivated. Drawing on the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar, I have formulated a small set of rules which seek to satisfy all of the three essential requirements, and thus render the subject more palatable to scholars as well as learners of Standard Arabic.
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Shittu, S. A., and I. A. S. Adebolu. "Semantic Connotation of Hadith and the Emergence of Arabic Schools of Grammar." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 20 (2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n20p186.
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Scholars focused the contributions of the Qur’ān to the evolution of Arabic Grammar, but few of them focused on the effect of prophetic tradition on the area. This paper, therefore, focuses on semantic connotation of prophetic traditions: “Guide your brother, he has gone astray” and “Divergent opinion of my followers is a blessing” These sayings of the prophet led to the evolution of Arabic grammatical studies and the establishment of its schools that enriched Arabic grammar. It opens with the grammarians’ contribution to the development of Arabic grammar such as Abul-Aswad Addu’alī (d.69 A.H), Seyyid ‘Ali b. Abī Talib, al-Khalīl ibn Ahmad al-Farāhidī and so on. Although, There were five major schools of Arabic grammar namely: al-Madhhab al-Basra, al-Madhhab al- Kūfa, alMadhhab al-Bagdād, al-Madhhab al- Andalusī and al-Madhhab al- Misrī but this paper, mainly focuses on the two prominent schools - Basran and Kūfan. It analyses the conflict of theory in Arabic grammar on some topics and other terms, grammatical debates between notable scholars of the two schools with their divergent opinions. The discussion ends with the justification of analogical deduction employed by the two schools in their analysis as a commendable exercise.
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Ghomri, Tedj, and Mounya Souadkia. "An analytical study of word-order patterns in Standard Arabic simple sentence." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 1 (2020): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-1-78-91.
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The main focus of the study is to analyze the simple sentence structure and its word-order patterns of Standard Arabic syntactically. Main methods concern description and comparison of word-order patterns observed. Primarily the current study deals with some differentiations of the terms on sentence types and word-order patterns described by both medieval grammarians and modern linguists. Moreover, the so called Sībawayhian theory of ʿamil’ also provides some explanations of sentence structures and word-order patterns in Standard Arabic. Simple sentences are highlighted to examine the occasions for using different patterns and where they are commonly found, along with examples to facilitate the explanation and use of these patterns. It is essential to point out that Standard Arabic is considered to be a language with a flexible word-order, which is why there exist word-order patterns of both VOS and SVO languages, though the latter is more frequently used.
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Anwar, Syamsul. "The Relation between Arabic Linguistics and Islamic Legal Reasoning: Islamic Legal Theory Perspective." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 55, no. 2 (2017): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2017.552.463-492.
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In this article, the writer studies the relation between Arabic linguistics and the process of Islamic legal reasoning from an Islamic legal theory perspective. The question raised regards how Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians perceive the importance of Arabic linguistics as a part of the methodological tool in extracting Islamic legal norms from their sources, the connection of the two disciplines in theoretical level, and their mutual influences. The study shows that Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians agree unanimously that Arabic language mastering is an indispensable condition for a mujtahid to be valid. Further, Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians rely heavily in many cases on the grammatical rules set by the Arab grammarians and integrate these rules into the construction of their legal theory. Nevertheless, they do not merely transfer these rules as such into uṣūl al-fiqh but develop them to the extent to which the grammarians themselves do not attain.[Dalam artikel ini, penulis menelaah hubungan antara ilmu bahasa Arab dengan proses penetapan hukum Islam dari perspektif ilmu uṣūl al-fiqh. Pertanyaan yang dibahas berkisar pada bagaimana para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum memahami pentingnya bahasa Arab sebagai bagian dari metodologi dalam menetapkan norma-norma hukum Islam dari sumbernya, hubungan antara ilmu bahasa Arab dan ilmu uṣūl al-fiqh dalam tataran teoretis, serta pengaruh timbal balik antara dua disiplin ilmu tersebut. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum sepakat bahwa penguasaan bahasa Arab merupakan syarat mutlak bagi seorang mujtahid agar ijtihadnya sahih. Lebih jauh, dalam banyak kasus, para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum sangat bergantung pada aturan-aturan gramatika yang ditetapkan oleh para ahli tata bahasa Arab dan mengintegrasikan aturan-aturan ini ke dalam konstruksi teori hukum mereka. Namun demikian, mereka tidak hanya mengalihkan aturan-aturan ini ke dalam teori uṣūlal-fiqh tetapi mengembangkannya lebih jauh sesuai yang keperluan.]
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TAHER, Mohamed Mohamed. "COMPOUND WORD FORMATION IN ARABIC LANGUAGE." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (2022): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.17.37.
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The primary aim of this study was to describe compounding structures as they exist in Arabic (CA), something to which traditional Arab grammarians have made only vague reference. The Arabic Compounds (ACs) were selected as one area of study because as far as I know, previous research on this topic has not been sufficient. It was therefore decided to examine the understanding of the scope and the flow of the Arabic language specifically from this angle. The methods employed in the collection and analysis of data were imported from research done in the field of theoretical linguistics mainly in Arabic, English and in few occasions in German. The data on which the research was based required the survey of the most important references in both Arabic and English. This study will therefore examine the variety of ACs and it will suggest, that the phenomenon of (نحت ,(a grammatical process which has its roots in Standard Arabic (SA) is also a type of compounding, (compounding by omission). It will also suggest that the frequency of usage of different compounds in Arabic will continue to increase as a result of the importation and consumption of words from other languages for example technical jargon, product names and media terminology. Examples of the above will be provided. It is hoped that this will help to establish cross-linguistic similarity/diversity rules which may possibly serve the broad influence of the Universal Grammar (UG(. Keywords: Compound Word, Arabic Language, Media Terminology.
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Shah, Mustafa. "Exploring the Genesis of Early Arabic Linguistic Thought: Qur'anic Readers and Grammarians of the Kūfan Tradition (Part I)." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 5, no. 1 (2003): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2003.5.1.47.
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The Qur'anic reading tradition's approach to Arabic linguistic thought was largely prefigured by the desire to preserve physically the oral language of scripture, ensuring its textual integrity was never compromised. Qur'anic readers evolved rudimentary models of linguistic thought which were purposefully anchored to the service of scripture. These readers devised improvements in orthography; they devoted treatises to the articulation of scripture, defining the conventions therein; and they collated with precision the stock of readings enshrined within the Qur'anic canon. These functional linguistic procedures were designed to project meticulously the liturgical and spiritual value of scripture; moreover, they were governed by the pre-eminent ascendancy of precedents. This linguistic activity served as a catalyst for Arabic linguistic thought. Emerging from the ranks of these readers are figures who sought to relate the linguistic phenomena inherent in the corpus of Qur'anic readings to a theory of language; paradoxically, the very models of grammar and philology which were discerningly formulated for the service of scripture become the standard by which the linguistic configurations of the Qur'anic diction are appraised and justified. The strictures of authentication adhered to by readers predicated an implicit rejection of the abstract inquisitiveness practised by these linguists. And therein lies the history of the genesis of Arabic linguistic thought which this article will attempt to expound upon.
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Hassan, Tammam. "Grammatical Correctness and Stylistic Beauty in the Qur'an." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 1, no. 1 (1999): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.1999.1.1.270.
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Arab grammarians sought to construct a system in which rules are universal. They relied on classification, observing conformity and difference in the language material they collected, and made conformity the basis of a given class, while disagreement distinguished one category from another. They thereby derived rules which they declared to be universal. When there were found to be restrictions on universality in a particular rule, they created a subsidiary rule, on condition that it did not entail ambiguity. However, conformity and similarity may result in multiple possibilities, which can in fact lead to ambiguity, while disagreement and difference provide distinct forms with unequivocal meanings. The grammarians had to discover indicators (qarā 'in) that point to the appropriate grammatical function in every category. They were able to isolate the following: 1. Conjoining (taḍāmm) 2. Word Order (al-rutba), whether fixed or changeable 3. Connectivity (rabṭ), by co-referencing or by concordance 4. Inflection signs (calāmāt al-icrāb) 5. Morphological patterns (al-binya) 6. Particles (al-adawāt) 7. Context (al-siyāq) It was in the light of all these, that grammarians ruled a structure to be correct or incorrect. Language, however, is much wider than grammar, and usage is not only concerned with grammatical correctness but also with stylistic considerations which can lead to departure from the grammatical rule, for instance by addition, omission, relaxation of the rule or metaphorical usage, and other features of stylistic boldness which challenge the universality of grammatical rules. The Qur'an was revealed 'in a clear Arabic tongue' before the existence of the study of grammar (naḥw). It thus embodied the force of the language, which is shown in many types of departure from the normal rules for stylistic considerations. This article considers where the Qur'an stands with regard to grammatical correctness and stylistic beauty. The article explains that the assumed universality of the rules that grammarians needed for their system is much narrower than the rich usage of the Qur'an, which does not submit to strict universality or analogy. Grammarians themselves when faced with a usage that differed from their rules were forced to overlook these or resort to reinterpretation in order to maintain universality for their rules. Such differences from the rules are seen in three important areas: 1) Features such as omission, addition, preponderance, separation or parenthesis, which do not lead to ambiguity in the statement. 2) Subsidiary rules, many of which are listed in the article. 3) Making concession in the indicators of meaning when there was no fear of ambiguity (the article lists many examples for each indicator). Such explanations show grammar to be much narrower than the language because grammar concentrated, from the beginning, on what followed the rules and avoided listing features of stylistic boldness which belong to the aesthetic aspect of the text and hence do submit to general grammatical rules. It is not surprising that quarrels often occurred between grammarians and poets, where the grammarian was armed with his universal rules, and the poet retorted with his artistic freedom, saying, ‘Our task is to say, and yours is to find suitable interpretations for what we say.’ The article then goes on to trace elements of beauty in the Qur'anic style at the level of sounds and patterns and choices of words as well as through imagery, descriptions, etc. Under each of these the author examines many examples from the Qur'an to illustrate its stylistic beauty.
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Arifuddin, Arifuddin. "PEMBENTUKAN DERIVATIF KATA BAHASA ARAB DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAZHAB KUFFAH." Jurnal CMES 9, no. 2 (2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.9.2.15152.
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The construction of word in Arabic language had been done by the process of derivation, by looking into this process, the lexicon of Arabic language can be reached and also it can be developed by the period. This research will investigate the construction of Arabic derivative word in the perspective of Kufah Scholar. The data in this research was divided into certain theories and facts of language collected from the primary and secondary references. The primary reference included the main opus work from the Kufah scholars, such as: Al-Farra‟, and also some works from Al-Anbari who had been collected and noted many opinions belong to Kufah scholar during the confrontation with the Basrah scholar. An amount of the research results and some works of contemporary Arabic Grammarians had been become the secondary reference of this research. This research had been concluded that the process of derivation in Arabic word in the Kufah Scholar had many variants of patterns and the high forms. This condition was caused by the data of language which had been recognized wider range of Basrah scholar. The opinion of Kufah Scholar about the root or radical had the strong basis in the development of contemporary of linguistics, especially in the Semitic Language.
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Ghersetti, Antonella. "Classes of Grammarians East and West: Ṭabaqāt al-naḥwiyyīn wa-l-lughawiyyīn of al-Zubaydī and Marātib al-naḥwiyyīn of Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Lughawī". Journal of Abbasid Studies 7, № 2 (2020): 145–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340063.
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Abstract This article focuses on the internal organization of two biographical works about grammarians of Arabic: al-Zubaydī’s Ṭabaqāt and Abū l-Ṭayyib’s Marātib. An analysis of the macrostructure — the overall arrangement of the material in chapters or sections — and of the microstructure — the selection of information given in single entries — makes it possible to identify the criteria the authors used to organize their information and to highlight differences in their arrangement. This also allows us to understand the intended function of these works, as well as the aims and motives of their authors.
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Heselwood, Barry, Janet C. E. Watson та Reem Maghrabi. "The Ancient Greek ψιλά – δασέα Distinction as a Possible Source for the maǧhūr – mahmūs Distinction in Sībawayhi’s Kitāb". Historiographia Linguistica 41, № 2-3 (2014): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.2-3.01hes.
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Summary This paper explores conceptual and descriptive parallels between the Ancient Greek ψιλά–δασέα distinction as found in the Peripatetic text De Audibilibus, and the gˇahr–hams distinction in the medieval Arabic writings of Al-Ḫalīl (d. c.786 A.D.) and Sībawayhi (d. c.796 A.D.). In both cases there is a focus on the absence versus presence of audible breath, and a belief that audible breath is a cause of lack of clarity in speech. There is no historical evidence that the De Audibilibus was available to the Arab grammarians either directly or through Syriac sources, but the striking similarities suggest that ideas expressed in it did make their way into Arabic phonetic thinking. The fact that Sībawayhi applied the distinction to all the sounds of Arabic, and did not introduce a third term equivalent to the later Greek μέσα category found in the Technē Grammatikē (2nd cent. B.C.) and in Jacob of Edessa’s (c.640–708 A.D.) Syriac grammar based on it, suggests that it was the μέσαdistinction in its original form which influenced his division of Arabic sounds into the magˇhūr and mahmūs classes.
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Yaacob, Solehah binti. "Counter Argumentation against the Theory of Discrediting Hadith as Linguistic Evidence while Accepting the Authenticity of Anomalous Qiraʾat and Unknown Poetry (أوهام نظرية رفض الاحتجاج بالأحاديث النبوية الصحيحة بقبول القراءات الشاذة والشعر المجهول في الاحتجاج اللغوي)". Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 14, № 2 (2016): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340040.
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Linguistic argumentation is defined by Arab grammarians to mean a formulation of grammatical rules from primary sources using anomaly, consensus, measurement, an argumentation based on circumstances and other rules. The anomaly sources are considered the most authentic references which are the holy Quran, Hadith al-Nabawi and Arabic poetry. This research aims to highlight the different views of Arab grammarians in devising the grammatical rules of the hadith. The authenticity of the Quran is indisputable as its verses are reliable and consistent. However, is there a difference between reliable reading and anomalous reading? Why are grammatical rules which are derived from anomalous Qiraʾat accepted, while the linguistic argumentations resulting from Hadith al-Nabawi are refuted? Why it is accepted in unknown poetry? And why are the argumentation from Quran and Arab poetry not merited and taken as evidence in linguistic argumentation? These questions are answered thoroughly by presenting the evidences and arguments from scholars in the field. An analytical study is being used as an approach to discuss the topic.
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Alamiri, Zaid, and Peter Mickan. "ELLIPSIS IN THE QURANIC STORY OF JOSEPH: A TEXTUAL VIEW." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 6 (November 12, 2013): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v6i0.800.
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This paper describes the phenomenon of ellipsis in the story of Joseph, analysing the original Arabic text, at the structural level from a textual viewpoint. It is limited to an examination of the role of the ellipsis as a grammatical cohesive element. The textual approach to ellipsis is new to Arabic linguistic scholarship whose focus was exclusively on the formal relations, dictated by the syntactic rules, between the elements of the sentence. Ellipsis in Arabic is a multi-faceted topic elaborated under, and diffused through, different categories of grammar and rhetoric. As to the Qur’an it has been described by both grammarians & rhetoricians. Theoretical and applied considerations of the ellipsis topic are, therefore, highly interwoven. The results show that this story made use of ellipsis, as well as other devices, in particular the concealed subject pronouns and the narrative techniques, in building up cohesiveness. Further studies, both of this story and other stories, are required to shed more light on other elements involved in the text making.
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Okasha, Omar Yousef. "The latent soul illusion in the causative object ( الْمَفْعول لَِجْلِه ) section the controllers in purposeful causative object coming as a treatment infinitive ( مَصْدَر عِلاجِيّ ) in Arabic". Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 6, № 2 (2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol7iss1pp179-200.
Full textAbstract:
The current study debates some of the traditional granted issues among Arab grammar scholars in Al-ManSubat section ( باب†الْمَنْصوبات†) in general, and in the Causative Object ( الْمَفْعول†لَِجْلِه†) in particular. As such, the current study is based on a preliminary exploration for what is to be truly called ( الْمَفْعولِ†لَِجْلِه†). The study then turns to negate the attribute of the Objectivity ( الْمَفْعولِيَّة†) on the Causative Object ( الْمَفْعول†لَِجْلِه†) or other than the Direct Object ( المفعول†به†). Then, the study examines, using the available evidences, the accuracy of the grammarians claims of the psychological condition that have been stipulated by them for الْمَفْعول†لَِجْلِه†. In doing so, the study presents some opinions of the early and contemporary grammarians in this matter. The study clarifies that the Causal Causative Object ( الْمَفْعول†لَِجْلِه†السَّبَبِيّ†) is the only type that the psychological condition applies to. As for the Purposeful Causative Object ( الْمَفْعولِ†لَِجْلِه†الْغَرَضِيّ†), it must be a Treatment Infinitive not a psychological one.
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Talmon, Rafael. "An eighth-century grammatical school in Medina: the collection and evaluation of the available material." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, no. 2 (1985): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00033322.
Full textAbstract:
Modern scholarship dealing with the history of Arabic grammar has almost entirely neglected serious consideration of the possibility that during the very early period of the Iraqi grammatical schools, a Medinese centre of that science was a living fact. I believe that the data collected by some scholars, including myself, will now allow the conclusion that such a school really existed and probably disappeared during the first century of the 'Abbāsid regime. First, the few accounts of eighth-century Medinese grammarians in modern works will be surveyed, then the available material will be carefully studied and evaluated.
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Dror, Yehudit. "The adverbial function of qurʾānic verbal nouns taking the position of ḥāl". Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, № 3 (2019): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Of Arabic verbal nouns’ various functions, this article focuses on their taking the position of ḥāl ‘circumstantial accusative’. Arab grammarians claim that a plain infinitive may replace a participle in the accusative, assuming the same meaning as the participle. I argue, however, that from the point of view of modern linguistics, these verbal nouns might be interpreted as having an adverbial function; more precisely, they perform the semantic-aspectual features of two types of adverbs: manner adverbs, which specify the mode of action, and state-of-mind adverbs, which describe a state of mind experienced by the agent of the action.
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Mohamed Bashir Harba, Zamri Arifin, Hakim Zainal, Mohamed Bashir Harba, Zamri Arifin, Hakim Zainal. "Description sentence between nominative and verbal and different grammarians in it: جملة الوصف بين الاسمية والفعلية واختلاف النحاة فيها". المجلة العربية للعلوم و نشر الأبحاث 7, № 3 (2021): 49–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h160221.
Full textAbstract:
Arabic language is one of the richest languages in its grammatical rules. Linguistic research, in its broad sense, has no limit. The grammatical dispute is nothing but a kind of different views, and the task of the grammatical researcher when examining a sentence is to classify it and explain how it is constructed. The research aims to identify the reality of the adjectival sentence, and its position in the Arabic sentence. The research problem here is to identify the adjectival phrase either as nominative or verbal, or is it something else, as it has a double character represented in the difference in its pronunciation from its meaning. In pronunciation, it is a noun, but in the meaning it is a verb-like. The paper also examines the views of both the Basris and the Kufis in the issue, and their arguments. The paper provides what is permissible and what is not in the i’rab, the similarity between adjective and verb, and the difference of grammarians in the adjectival predicate. The paper executes the descriptive analytical method. The research findings are: 1- There are three types of sentences in Arabic language: the nominative sentence, verbal sentence, and the adjectival sentence. 2- The study manages to reconcile between the different views in the adjectival sentence in terms of both verbal and nominative sentences. 3- The study also justifies this division. 4- These findings help to make grammar easier for the learners to avoid the interpretation that weighed heavily on grammar.