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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabic in Pakistan'
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1
Jameel, Mahir, and Shafeeq ur Rahaman. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/101-110." Habibia Islamicus 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2020.0402a07.
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Arabic is the language of the holy Qura’n which was sent for the guidance of the entire humanity. Thus, Arabic has become the language of Islam. Since arrival of Islam in the Subcontinent, the Muslims in this region played a significant role in maintaining the language of the Qura’n. They learned this language to understand the holy Qura’n, Hadith and the religious sciences. As a result, religious consciousness spread far and wide in the Subcontinent. The study covers Pakistani institutions that affiliated with Wifaq-ul-Madaris Alarabiah Pakistan(A Board of Islamic and Arabic educational institutes in Pakistan) and offer Arabic as language, it measures effectiveness of such offering, outlines the issues of such offering and finally covers the learning outcomes of individual and as well as in group. The method used for conducting study is through survey and interview based quantitative methods.
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Alansari, Bader M. "BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY (BDI-II) ITEMS CHARACTERISTICS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF NINETEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.7.675.
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An Arabic version of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in its complete form was developed by Ghareeb (2000). The BDI-II was administered to 18 Islamic groups and the English version of the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was administered to an additional Pakistani group. Co-efficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from 19 Islamic countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco and Pakistan (n=600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706 and 532 respectively). The corrected item-total scale correlations of the BDI-II ranged between .21 and 89, the inventory seems viable in the Arabic context. Its use in cross-cultural studies would be suitable.
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Alansari, Bader M. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SIXTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.651.
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This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scale: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan, Algiers, Yemen and Syria, while there was no significant difference in anxiety between the genders in the following five countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Sudan, Emirates and Palestine. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Raees Uddin, Umair. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/198." Habibia Islamicus 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0502u09.
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Prof. Dr. Ihsan-ul-Haq was a prominent scholars of Arabic and Islamic studies who played a vital role in the promotion of Arabic language and literature and awaking of Muslim nation in in Pakistan. Dr. Ihsan was a great Islamic preacher, good writer, eloquent speaker, compassionate and exemplary teacher, an excellent researcher, good mentor and reformer as well. He always strived for the understanding of the Qur'an and the teaching of the Arabic language in Pakistan. He loved Arabic language very much. Listening, speaking, reading and writing Arabic was his favorite pastime. He edited various textbooks in Arabic to develop the expertise of the students in Arabic language. He was also a great admirer of Urdu language. His sermons, speeches, lectures, articles and scholarly writings published in Urdu language were very easy, simple and neat. He speaks in a common sense according to the mental level of the listener and the reader so that the right of communication can be exercised. In this study, I have viewed the impact of Arabic language in his literary services. I adopted the method of description, analytics and historical criticism which covers all the aspects.
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Alansari, Bader M. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SEVENTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.729.
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This study investigated gender differences in depression among volunteer undergraduates (N = 8,538) recruited from 17 Islamic countries. The Beck Depression Inventory II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, which used the English version. Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in 9 of the Islamic countries in which females tended to be higher in depression namely, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Kuwait. However, males scored significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there are no significant gender differences in depression in Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, U.A. Emirates, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Asiyah, Nur. "Pakistani-American Muslim women identity negotiation as reflected in diaspora literature." Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya 14, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/lks.v14i2.7594.
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Identity is significant issue in the world. Pakistani-American Muslim women faced the problems of identity because they got different treatment in the society. This study reveals how do Pakistani-American Muslim women negotiate their identity and the result of negotiation? This research was done under descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research are the words, phrases, and sentences from diasporic literature entitled Saffron Dreams by Shaila Abdullah that published in 2009. To analyze the data, this study used postcolonial theory based on Bhabha’s hybridity and Tomey’s identity negotiation concept. Based on the research, it is found that Pakistan American Muslim women negotiate their identity by mindful negotiation namely adapting American culture and shaping hybrid identity. They change their fashion style by putting off their veils. They replace Arabic name into American style to hide their religious identity. In building the house they American building with Arabian nuance. On the other hand, in assimilating the culture to get a job, Pakistani American Muslim women must fight harder because of the striking differences in culture and the idealism they believe in.
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Alansari, B. M. "Gender differences in anxiety among undergraduates from twenty two countries." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71846-6.
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ObjectiveThe aim of the current investigation was to explore gender related differences in anxiety among undergraduates from 22 countries.MethodStandard Arabic Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety scale (comprised of 20 brief statements, answered on a 4-point intensity scale, anchored by 1: Rarely and 4: Always) was administered to Arabic undergraduates, recruited from the following countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudis Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, U.A. Emirate, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, and Morocco. (n = 608, 271, 879, 842, 948, 780, 782, 435, 154, 393, 342, 833, 1185, 275, 291, 295, 375, & 706. While the English Version was administered to American (n = 273) and Pakistan (n = 462) samples, the Germen version was administered to the Germen subjects (n = 157), Moreover the Spanish version was administered to the Spanish sample (n = 312).ResultsIt was found that females significantly had higher mean anxiety scores than did their male counterparts in 15 countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, Pakistan, American, & Spain.ConclusionFemale preponderance of anxiety has been a consistent finding. In the present researcher opinion, the anxiety score of any given person is the end product of both biological and psychosocial factors and their interaction. Furthermore, the response styles, especially social desirability and the tendency to hyperbole had an impact on anxiety score.
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Moulet, Pierre. "Nouveaux Reduvius Fabricius, 1775, de la péninsule Arabique et du Pakistan, et synonymies nouvelles (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Reduviinae)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 125, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2087.
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New Reduvius Fabricius, 1775, from Arabic Peninsula and Pakistan, and new synonymies (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Reduviinae). Three new species are described: Reduvius pulcher n. sp. from Yemen, R. fragilis n sp. from United Arab Emirates, R. amabilis n. sp. from Pakistan, and one brachypterous specimen of R. varipes Linnavuori, 1964. The following new synomynies are proposed: Reduvius infirmus Miller, 1956, n. syn. of Reduvius osiris Kirkaldy, 1909, and Reduvius thesigeri Miller, 1956, n. syn. of Reduvius osiris Kirkaldy, 1909. The holotypes of R. thesigeri and R. insularis Linnavuori, 1964, are redescribed.
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Iyengar, Arvind. "Variation in Perso-Arabic and Devanāgarī Sindhī orthographies." Written Language and Literacy 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00014.iye.
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Abstract The Sindhī language has been written in numerous scripts throughout its history. However, in the twentieth century, Perso-Arabic and Devanāgarī emerged as the dominant scripts for the language. Today, Perso-Arabic is the sole official script for Sindhī in Pakistan, while both Perso-Arabic and Devanāgarī are in concurrent use for the language in India. This paper identifies and analyses areas of orthographic standardisation and variation in the Perso-Arabic and Devanāgarī scripts for Sindhī, focusing primarily on practices in the Indian context. It first classifies orthographic variation into that stemming from phonological ambiguity, and that which is purely graphematic. The former includes the representation of reduced vowels, gemination, vocalic endings, loanwords, consonant clusters and sounds of unclear phonemic status. The latter includes the shapes and positioning of diacritics, allographs, derivative graphemes and collation orders. The paper concludes by summarising the possible pedagogical implications of such orthographic standardisation and variation.
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Da-Sheng, Chen. "A Brunei Sultan in the Early 14th Century: Study of an Arabic Gravestone." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011267.
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I joined the Maritime Silk Route Expedition organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a member of the International Team of Scholars. We sailed on the Fulk-al-Salamah, the expedition ship, from Oman to China, stopping in the following countries: Oman, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines. International seminars were held in each one of these countries during the expedition.
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Halabi, Abdel, and Ashraf Kazi. "The Influence of Quran and Islamic Financial Transactions and Banking." Arab Law Quarterly 20, no. 3 (2006): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/026805506778388836.
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AbstractThe Quran is the holy book of the followers of Islam, where simple solutions to the day-to-day problems of life are discussed in detail. Whatever the nationality of a Muslim, the Quran and Islamic prayers remain in a single universal language called "Arabic". Thus, uniformity has been maintained throughout the world from the days of the Prophet Mohammed, in the seventh century to the twenty-first century. Financial transactions and banking based upon Shariah are growing rapidly today. Islamic banking has been widely accepted in many countries such as Pakistan, Malaysia, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia, and are an increasing presence in Canada and Australia. Islamic banking and financial transactions are different from conventional banks, and this has led to some criticisms. After tracing the history of Islamic Banking some of these criticisms are discussed. While Islamic Banking does face some challenges, it continues to grow, and this growth reflects the desire for social, political and economic systems based on Islamic principles.
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Habib-ur-Rehman, Hafiz, Haroon Idrees, and Ahsan Ullah. "Organization and usage of information resources at Deeni Madaris libraries in Pakistan." Library Review 66, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-02-2016-0016.
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Purpose Deeni Madaris of Pakistan and their libraries are playing an important role in educating the large fraction of society. They have always been engaged in the development of social and cultural values of the Pakistani society. This study aims to investigate the organization of information resources and their utilization at Deeni Madaris libraries in the central Punjab, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research approach was adopted for this study. A questionnaire was developed on the bases of related literature and discussions with experts of librarianship as well as Islamic studies in Pakistan. The questionnaire was sent to 49 Deeni Madaris, of which five did not have libraries and four did not respond. Forty (81.6 per cent) Deeni Madaris responded and provided the relevant data about their libraries. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 22. Mostly descriptive statistics were applied to calculate the frequencies, percentage, means and standard deviations. A two-tailed t-test was applied to check the impact of cataloguing and automation on the use of information resources. Findings It was found that majority of the respondents developed their own classification and cataloguing methods for the organization of information resources and did not have a proper retrieval system. Majority of the respondents were providing lending services to readers. Teachers and final-year students were the key users of the libraries. They mostly referred to books, theses and serials written in Urdu and Arabic language. The situation of library computerization was very weak; only 19 libraries had computers and 11 of them have partially automated the library activities. Library automation and catalogue put positive effects on the use of library resources. Originality/value The exploration of the literature showed that libraries of Madaris in Pakistan have always been a priority, but these libraries did not get a position in the library literature as they deserve. This study will fill this gap.
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Sedgwick, Mark. "Eclectic Sufism in the Contemporary Arab World." Tidsskrift for Islamforskning 11, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v11i1.102873.
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Eclectic Sufism that might be interpreted as a modern form of subjectivity construction has been observed in Morocco and Pakistan. This article reports comparable phenomena elsewhere, using the case of the Arabic translation of Elif Shafak’s novel The Forty Rules of Love. The article argues that, in the wider Arab world as in Morocco and Pakistan, the localization of eclectic Sufism is an instance of the reinterpretation of Islamic traditions to incorporate globally relevant social imaginaries. It questions, however, the association between eclectic Sufism and individualism, and argues that there is also a further form of localization: the application of eclectic Sufism to contemporary political conditions, notably the problem of sectarianism.Eklektisk sufisme, som kan fortolkes som et udtryk for moderne subjektivitetskonstruktion, kan observeres i Marokko og Pakistan. Denne artikel beskriver og diskuterer fænomener fra andre egne med udgangspunkt i den arabiske oversættelse af Elif Shafaks roman The Forty Rules of Love. Artiklen argumenterer for at den lokalt forankrede eklektiske sufisme, man finder i den arabiske verden såvel som i Marokko og Pakistan, bygger på en genfortolkning af islamiske traditioner, som inkorporerer globalt relevante sociale forestillinger. Samtidig rejses spørgsmål om forbindelsen mellem den eklektiske sufisme og individualismen og muligheden for lokal forankring på et yderligere niveau, nemlig samtidige politiske forhold og problemstillinger knyttet til sekularisme.
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Ibrahim, H. "REFORMASI PENDIDIKAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ABU AL-A’LA AL-MAUDUDI." POTENSIA: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v2i2.2541.
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Looking at the various phenomena and human social status is not clear, especially in the state of Pakistan, the amount of depravity and nuances unsightly, and the vagueness of the law in the life of the application, push Abul A'la al-Maududi moved to reform legal education in Pakistan. Education reform law made Maududi can be seen in several steps: (1) master the Arabic language as a pre-condition for entering the legal academy; (2) study the Qur'an and hadith before beginning their education in the field of law; (3) The curriculum emphasizes the legal academy to three main subjects: the fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence, the history of Islamic jurisprudence, and fiqh (neutral assessment on all the major schools of fiqh); and (4) together with the legal education curriculum reform, followed by upgrading the moral and character development of students.
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Asif, Manan Ahmed. "A Demon with Ruby Eyes." Medieval History Journal 16, no. 2 (October 2013): 335–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945813514901.
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This essay takes a longitudinal look at how different communities dealt with political and theological difference in the same space. It examines accounts of Uch Sharif, in contemporary Pakistan, from the thirteenth century to the present. It specifically traces a motif of ‘ruby eyes’ in Arabic and Persian historiography in an effort to delineate how difference was represented and assimilated. It argues that until the late colonial period, religious difference was mutually comprehensible, even if incommensurate. The rupture of meaning in recognising difference continued in different ways in the post-colonial state of Pakistan. The study provides a methodological argument for reshaping the ways in which we look at landscape, built environment and community, in contemporary South Asia. By situating the textual production of the past alongside the material remnants of the past, this essay reads simultaneously ethnographic and textual understandings of difference in Uch Sharif.
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Ferris, Jesse. "Soviet Support for Egypt's Intervention in Yemen, 1962–1963." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 4 (October 2008): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.5.
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Drawing on documents and memoirs in Russian and Arabic, this article tells the unknown story of Soviet-Egyptian cooperation in the early phases of the Yemeni Civil War, a war that broke out while much of the world's attention was focused on the Cuban missile crisis and the war between India and Pakistan. Egypt's fateful decision to intervene in the conflict was dependent on substantial Soviet backing, which strengthened the relationship between the USSR and Gamal Abdel Nasser's government in Egypt. In response to a plea from Nasser, Nikita Khrushchev authorized the military transport branch of the Soviet Air Force to embark on a clandestine airlift operation ferrying Egyptian troops into Yemen to shore up the new government there.
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Jawad, Saqib, Barkat Ali, Muhammad Assad, and Muhammad Sohail. "Urdu as Official Language: A Constitutional Mandate Compliance; Challenges; Prospective." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i1.120.
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Though Urdu language has no religious background, it is inspired by Arabic a mother-tongue of Islam. However, after its development, Urdu was exclusively attributed to be the language of Muslims of the Sub-continent. They faced many challenges for the survival of Urdu during the Movement of Independence. For the same reason, after independence, Urdu was declared to be the National Language of Pakistan. Afterward, certain bodies were established for its proper implementation as official language of the country. This aspect is recognized as constitutional obligation in term of Article 251 of Constitution, 1973. Though, the government was given sufficient time for the compliance of the same, this task could not have been accomplished despite of lapse of almost fifty years. Even, the judicial verdicts could not make the concerned institutions mindful. Instead, English is the official language of Pakistan since independence. Of course, there is difference of opinion on the matter of Official Language. Among others, the medium of education and legislation including policy papers are the major issues which are on English pattern. However, if these issues are addressed, the constitutional obligation of implementing Urdu as official language may be ensured.
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Alam, Shaista, Qazi Masood Ahmed, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Pakistan’s Bilateral Exports to Major Recipients." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713539.
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The dynamic relationship between bilateral exports demand for Pakistan and exchange rate volatility as well as some selected explanatory variables with six major trading partners’ countries, namely, USA, UK, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany and UAE, has been examined during 1982Q1 to 2013Q2. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach suggests a stable long-run relationship among selected explanatory variables over the sample period from Pakistan’s bilateral exports to each of its chosen trading partner except Japan. The result suggests that exchange rate volatility adversely affects the demand for Pakistani exports to USA but it positively affects demand for Pakistani exports to Germany in the long run. The short-run causality analysis of ARDL demonstrates that exchange rate volatility causes demand for Pakistani exports in USA and UK adversely, while in case of Germany it causes positively. For Saudi Arabia and UAE, real effective exchange rate volatility does not affect demand for Pakistani exports in the short run as well as in the long run. The study concludes that different export elasticities for different export recipient countries derived in the present study suggest that a single trade policy will not provide a solution to improve country’s external trade sector.
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Ghazi, Inam ul Haq. "Women of the Subcontinent." Hawwa 13, no. 1 (May 6, 2015): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341270.
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Recorded Arabic travel logs about Asia in general, and in particular the Subcontinent during the Golden Era, contain interesting narratives about women of the region. This paper surveys narratives by Arab travellers regarding woman and tries to constitute a portrayal that may emerge from their writings. The selected writings for this paper cover 8 centuries (7th to 14th centuries ad) and the Subcontinent including modern-day countries of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Maldives and Sri Lanka. The picture that emerges from this study depicts various aspects about the women of Sub-Continent during these centuries. The most important aspects are: the role of women in society, their legal status and marriage, descriptions of beauty, women’s festivals, slavery, fashion and dresses for various occasions, and women from different classes, castes and religions. An attempt has been made to compare and contrast these narratives among themselves.
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Bokhari, Imtiaz H. "Pakistan and West Asia." American Journal of Islam and Society 3, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i1.2761.
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State to state relations between Pakistan and Southwest Asian states dateback to the birth of Pakistan in 1947, but the ideological bonds are much older.In 1946, it was late king (then prince) Faisal who chaperoned the PakistanMovement delegation headed by Mr. Isphahani that visited the United Nationsand got sympathetic ears to its pleas? Again, the Saudi king was thefirst head of state to felicitate Mohammad Ali Jinnah after learning of theViceroy’s decision to grant independence to Pakistan and India. Equally warmand sincere support came from Iran.Pakistan and West Asia: Evolution of RelationsImmediately on achieving independence, Pakistan displayed notable enthusiasmin advocating the cause of Islam and Islamic states but soon learntto be more patient. Pakistan’s call for Islamic unity was seen by the Arabsas a move to stifle nascent Arab nationalism at the instigation of the West.These developments corresponded to the early 50s when Pakistan, under intensethreat from India, signed the Mutual Defense Aid pact with the UnitedStates and became a suspect in the eyes of the Arabs who thought of Pakistanas an instrument of the West. Pakistan's joining of the Baghdad Pact in 1954along with Iraq was also interpreted by the Arab nationalist leaders as a neocolonialmove to divide the Arab world. Saudis even called it a stab in theheart of the Arab and Muslim states. In 1956, Indian Prime Minister JawaharLal Nehru’s warm welcome in Saudi Arabia followed by the Suez Crisis putPakistan’s relations with those important Islamic states at their lowest level.During that period the Arabs viewed the region mostly in the Arab and non-Arab context ...
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Tahir, Pervez. "Introducing Iqbal the Economist." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (December 1, 2001): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.1167-1176.
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The Iqbal Memorial Lecture was instituted in 1994 when the Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) celebrated the completion of a decade of steady progress. A brief announcement stated: “The Iqbal Memorial Lecture attributed to the national poet [Emphasis added], Allama Muhammad Iqbal has been included in the programme for the first time. Professor Ian M. D. Little is delivering that lecture” [Secretary’s Report (1994), p. 1472]. Iqbal, the poet and philosopher par excellence, has made incisive remarks or comments on economic and social issues in his poetry, philosophical writings, and in the course of his discourses as well as some famous letters, particularly those written to the Quaid-i-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. But these do not make Iqbal an economist. The Secretary of the PSDE was, therefore, careful in observing that the lecture commemorates our “national poet”. However, it will be of great interest to this largest national congregation of economists and other scholars concerned with development to know that the very first published book of Iqbal related neither to poetry nor philosophy, but economics. It was written in Urdu. He also taught the subject at undergraduate and Master’s level, even though he had not studied it as a student. At the Government College, Lahore, Iqbal studied English, Philosophy and Arabic for his B.A. and then completed the M.A. in Philosophy.
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KURZON, DENNIS. "Romanisation of Bengali and Other Indian Scripts." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 20, no. 1 (November 30, 2009): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186309990319.
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AbstractThis article will discuss two attempts at the romanisation of Indian languages in the twentieth century, one in pre-independence India and the second in Pakistan before the Bangladesh war of 1971. By way of background, an overview of the status of writing in the subcontinent will be presented in the second section, followed by a discussion of various earlier attempts in India to change writing systems, relating mainly to the situation in Bengal, which has one language and one script used by two large religious groups – Muslims and Hindus (in modern-day Bangladesh and West Bengal, respectively). The fourth section will look at the language/script policy of the Indian National Congress in pre-independence days, and attempts to introduce romanisation, especially the work of the Bengali linguist S. K. Chatterji. The penultimate section deals with attempts to change the writing system in East Pakistan, i.e. East Bengal, to (a) the Perso-Arabic script, and (b) the roman script.In all cases, the attempt to romanise any of the Indian scripts failed at the national – official – level, although Indian languages do have a conventional transliteration. Reasons for the failure will be presented, in the final section, in terms of İlker Aytürk's model (see this issue), which proposes factors that may allow – or may not lead to – the implementation of romanisation.
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Batool, Asma. "Pakistan's State Sovereignty in the Light of Saudi Arab's Overt Dictation." Global Pakistan Studies Research Review II, no. I (December 30, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2019(ii-i).03.
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Historically Pakistan's relations with Saudi Arab have been concerted and coordinated on the basis of calculated strategy, except for the few exceptions. Pakistan had maintained friendly ties with Saudi Arab but with time Saudi Arab started playing more assertive role in relation to Pakistan. Since inception Pakistan tends to look towards the Saudi Arab due to cultural orientation of its public. The unprecedented transition in paradigm of Pak-Saudi relations came when Saudi Arab assumed the role of major economic aid donor. Today, the role of Pakistan can be described as 'shatter belt' vis-à-vis major powers. Pakistani an attempt to pull itself out of Western influence relied on Saudi Aid which resulted in explicit dictation of Saudi Arab.The internal weakness of Pakistan extended the opportunity for accepting external pressure which compromised the sovereignty of state directly and placed Pakistan in compliant position in relation to Saudi Arab. This paper will divulge the unique relations of Saudi Arab and Pakistan by dissecting the dimensions of Saudi Arab's political, economic and cultural influence on Pakistan. It will also illume the Saudi hegemonic policies in which Pakistan adjusts and influenced to revise its own policy choices. This paper will dwell on the way forward in Pak-Saudi relations in order to restore balance and maintain sovereignty of the state.
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Fuchs, Simon Wolfgang. "Faded networks: the overestimated Saudi Legacy of anti-Shi‘i sectarianism in Pakistan." Global Discourse 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204378919x15718899714223.
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This article questions the often-assumed centrality of Saudi Arabia for the development of anti-Shi‘i sectarianism in Pakistan. I argue that those groups and individuals who have been most vocal about the Shi‘i ‘threat’ since the 1980s lacked (and continue to lack) any strong lineages with the Kingdom. Instead, their local polemics in Urdu foregrounded Pakistan as a political idea and global promise for Islam. This status of Pakistan’s self-view was acutely threatened by the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent establishment of a religious state under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini. Consequently, Pakistani sectarian scholars transcended earlier Salafi-inspired arguments and tried to render Sunni Islam ‘fit’ to compete with powerful Shi‘i symbols. In doing so, they displayed a remarkable willingness to appropriate and rework Shi‘i concepts, something that is far from the mind of Saudi clerics.
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Quartermaine, Angela, and Angela Quartermaine. "Conversations with...Mona Siddiqui." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2014): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v1i2.82.
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The renowned Islamic theologian, Professor Mona Siddiqui OBE, is Professor of Islamic and Interreligious Studies at the University of Edinburgh. Born in Karachi, Pakistan, the family moved to the UK in 1968 and she currently resides in Scotland. She earned her BA in Arabic and French at the University of Leeds, and her MA in Middle-Eastern Studies and PhD in Classical Islamic Law from the University of Manchester. In addition to being the first Muslim woman to be appointed the Head of Theology and Religious Studies Department at University of Glasgow, her academic work includes texts on the Qur’an (2007), Islam (2010) and Islamic Law (2012a). Professor Siddiqui has also worked extensively on promoting interfaith relations, for which she was awarded an OBE in 2011. She currently holds a visiting professorship at the universities of Utrecht and Tilburg and is an associate scholar at Georgetown University’s Berkley Centre for Religion, Peace and World Affairs.
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Khan, Muzammil Ahmad. "CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF AN EXTENDED CONSANGUINEOUS FAMILY INHERITING WOOLLY HAIR HYPOTRICHOSIS." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/16.01.1895.
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Hypotrichosis is a hair-loss condition that is characterized by sparse hair on scalp, reduced to absent eyebrows and eyelashes. This report is presented of a D.I.Khan, Pakistan based family with multiple patients showing typical phenotype of Woolly Hair Hypotrichosis. All patients in the current family had fragile, thin, brown coloured wooly hair on the head scalp. They had sparse eyebrows but revealed normal eyelashes. Apart from hair phenotype, patients did not exhibit any abnormal features of skin and nail. Herein the shown family tree, each square and circle represent male and female person, respectively. Blacked filled symbols of male and female represent patients, while unfilled square and circle depict normal individuals. Double line, across the square and circle, shows the consanguineous marriage. Roman numbers designate generation ID, while Arabic numbers within the generation indicate” individual ID. Pedigree analysis indicate that parents of all patients have first degree consanguinity, and segregation disease in autosomal recessive fashion.
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Top, Cemil, and Bayad Jamal Ali. "Customer satisfaction in online meeting platforms: Impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 38 (April 12, 2021): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.38.02.7.
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As it is known business rely on the customers, which means the profitability of any company change depending on customer demand. Due to that, it is necessary to treat customers as the central factor of the market. In another meaning, Customer satisfaction is very important issue to a company’s business performance. In this regard, the purpose of this project was to determine the Impact of service quality on the customer satisfaction in the online meeting platforms. By means of service quality, we tested the impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy on the customer satisfaction. Though conducting a survey data was collected. Different nationalities from various universities participated in this study including Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic, Turkmen, Indian, Pakistan, Uzbek, Nigerian and British with having different position such as head of the faculty, instructor, academic staff, head of the department and etc. in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Based on the result fulfillment, privacy issues were affected the customer satisfaction mostly.
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Джалилова, Б. Т. "ЧЕТ ӨЛКӨЛҮК (ПАКИСТАНДЫК, ИНДИЯЛЫК) СТУДЕНТТЕРГЕ КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИНИН АЛФАВИТИН ҮЙРӨТҮҮНҮН УСУЛДАРЫ." Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University, Issue 52-53 (October 21, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu.2021.52.14.
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Аннотация: Азыркы учурда Кыргызстанга келип, медициналык билим алууга кызыккан студенттердин көбүн Пакистан менен Индиялыктар түзөт. Тилдердин ар түрдүү тайпасына таандык болгон кыргыз тилин окуп-үйрөтүү бир топ кыйынчылыктарды жаратат. Урду тили тилдердин индия тобуна, ал эми кыргыз тили түрк тилдеринин тобуна кирет. Студенттерге кыргыз тилинин алфавитин үйрөтүүдө алар түшүнгөн араб тилинен алынып, бизде да колдонулуп жүргөн сөздөрдү мисалга келтирсек, кыргыз тилди кабыл алуусу жана биздин тилге болгон кызыгуусу артат. Аннотация: В настоящее время заметна тенденция увеличения количества иностранных студентов, которые хотят обучаться медицине в Кыргызстане. Это в основном жители Пакистана и Индии. Их обучение кыргызскому языку порождает определенные трудности, так как данные языки являются разносистемными (язык урду относится к индийской группе языков, кыргызский язык- к тюркской группе языков) индоевропейской семьи. В связи с этим, при изучении алфавита, мы предлагаем методику преподавания кыргызского языка в сравнении с родным языком студентов, находя в их языке схожие слова арабского происхождения. Annotation: Currently, there is a tendency to increase the number of foreign students who want to study medicine in Kyrgyzstan. These are mainly residents of Pakistan and India. Teaching the Kyrgyz language poses certain difficulties, as these languages are in different language groups (Urdu belongs to the Indian language group, Kyrgyz to the Turkic language group) of the Indo-European family. In this regard, when studying the alphabet, we offer teaching methods Kyrgyz language in comparison with the native language of students, finding in their language similar words of Arabic origin. Keywords: Alphabet, Urdu, Arabic, Farsi, dialect, methodology, language competence, comparative training, history of language, group of language.
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Hashmi, Fariha Ahmad. "Saudi Influence on Pakistan's Policy Choices: Causes and Effects." Global Pakistan Studies Research Review IV, no. I (June 30, 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2021(iv-i).02.
Full textAbstract:
The long standing friendly ties between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have been demanding. Pakistan's state sovereignty has been under deficit while during its engagements with Riyadh, as Riyadh provided lucrative incentive to Pakistan, thus respective dependence demanded Pakistan for modelling its diplomatic engagements as per former's inclinations and bringing state sovereignty under threat, thus bringing challenges for Pakistan too. This particular research tends to analyze the Saudi interests in Pakistan and also how Saudi Arabia has managed to win Pakistan in a way where it can influence Islamabad's policy choices. The article would assess and analyze the challenges that Pakistan faces in the backdrop of Saudi influenced policy choices along with the recommendation how Pakistan can trespass this dependence on Kingdom and its subsequent challenges.
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Rizvi, Syed Zohaib Abbas, Sobia Jamil, and Ali Imran Shaikh. "Diaspora, Remittances and Dependence on Arab Countries: A Case of Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 3, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/3.2.10.
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This paper has formulated a model by the name of DRADM i.e. Diaspora-Remittances-Arab Dependency Model while studying the literature pertinent to the modes of remittance, sectarianism and the Pakistani diaspora in the Middle-East. Pakistan is home of a large Shi’a population second only to Iran and this community regularly visits the holy shrines in Iran, Syria and Iraq forming a heartily connection with these countries. Contrarily, the Sunni Arab world hosts a huge number of Pakistani workers who send a significant part of their salaries back to Pakistan. These remittances act as a viable source of foreign exchange and help in balance of payments each year. Since the former group (Shi’a) is influenced by Iran and the latter (Sunni) by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan finds itself in a flux. In its bid to make a balance between Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), how Pakistan would manage its staggering economy with headship of Islamic military coalition, is a big question mark. With the help of published secondary data from governmental and other institutions this study examines the co-relation between remittances from Arab World and sectarianism (inside Pakistan and in Middle East) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan.
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Sarwar, Kamran, and Dr. Muhammad Alam. "The Offence of Abetment under the Islamic Criminal law." Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture 3, no. 01 (July 17, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46896/jicc.v3i01.103.
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A person may be said to commit a crime, although, he does not directly be a part of it. To encourage, order, assist another person for the commission of a crime is considered an offence as the act or omission of principal offender is considered. To encourage, order, assist another person for the commission of a crime in legal terminology is called Abetment. Abetment in criminal law specifies distinguish between an abettor and the principal offender. Under the Pakistan Penal Code, in many cases an abettor is not awarded the same punishment as awarded to the principal offender. There are few cases in which the abettor is awarded the same Punishment as awarded to the principal offender. Under Islamic Criminal law majority of Jurists are on the opinion that Hudood punishments will be awarded only in cases where Hudood offences are committed by Participant by Action (Arabic: الاشتراك بالمباشر) in case where these are committed by Participant by abetment (Arabic: الاشتراك بالتسبب), Hudood punishments shall not be awarded to them rather Tazir Punishment may be awarded to them. Thus, Participation in crime is either directly or indirectly. Participation by action (الاشتراك بالمباشر) and Participation by abetment (الاشتراك بالتسبب). Ingredients of Participation by abetment are Consensus (الاتفاق), Instigation:(التحريض and An Assistance (الاعانة). Causes for the commission of abetment are Causeof Shariat(السبب الشرعي), Causeof usages forabetment (السبب العرفي) and Cause of common sense forabetment (السبب الحسي). Further division of Participation by action and participation by abetment: It is further divided into two forms:Tawafuqتوافق)) and Tamalo (تمالؤ). In this reaserach article The Offence of Abetment under the Islamic Criminal law is discussed in detail.
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Gul, Asha, and Mahreen Mahmud. "Remittances from Saudi Arabia: A Community Phenomenon." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (December 1, 2012): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.245-258.
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Remittances are increasingly becoming an essential source of foreign exchange in developing countries, in some cases, even more than official development assistance. Recent estimates from the World Bank indicate that global remittances are expected to exceed $590 billion, with almost 75 percent of these remittances flowing to the developing countries. Pakistan became the fifth largest remittance-recipient nation in the developing world in 2011,1 registering a strong growth of 25.8 percent, relative to a 10.1 percent growth in remittances to South Asia. According to an IMF research paper, workers’ remittances contribute almost 4 percent to the country’s GDP, and are equivalent to almost 22 percent of annual exports of goods and services.2 Remittances to Pakistan have shown a strong rising trend; from being less than $2 billion dollars in 1997 to reaching almost $10 billion in 2010. In fact, the total remittances sent home by overseas Pakistani workers have more than quadrupled in the last eight years to more than $13.186 billion,3 the highest-ever amount received in a year by the country in the last fiscal year, which ended in June 2012. Interestingly, the almost 1.5 million Pakistani expatriates residing in Saudi Arabia send more remittances to Pakistan than from expatriates working and residing in other countries
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Khan, Sulaiman, Habib Ullah Khan, and Shah Nazir. "Offline Pashto Characters Dataset for OCR Systems." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (July 27, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3543816.
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In computer vision and artificial intelligence, text recognition and analysis based on images play a key role in the text retrieving process. Enabling a machine learning technique to recognize handwritten characters of a specific language requires a standard dataset. Acceptable handwritten character datasets are available in many languages including English, Arabic, and many more. However, the lack of datasets for handwritten Pashto characters hinders the application of a suitable machine learning algorithm for recognizing useful insights. In order to address this issue, this study presents the first handwritten Pashto characters image dataset (HPCID) for the scientific research work. This dataset consists of fourteen thousand, seven hundred, and eighty-four samples—336 samples for each of the 44 characters in the Pashto character dataset. Such samples of handwritten characters are collected on an A4-sized paper from different students of Pashto Department in University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. On total, 336 students and faculty members contributed in developing the proposed database accumulation phase. This dataset contains multisize, multifont, and multistyle characters and of varying structures.
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Wachid, Fatchul, and Danis Nurul Yunita. "The Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Performance via Narrative Communication: Islamic Bank Annual Report." Sebelas Maret Business Review 4, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/smbr.v4i2.36042.
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<p>The main aim of this study is to compare and analyses the financial performance and non-financial analyses related to the corporate governance of Islamic banks, as reported in narrative communication. It also examines the presence of board impression management in leading the company through level optimism, positive emotion, and so on. The data is obtained from the annual report of two Islamic banks, which are BankIslami Pakistan Limited (BIP) from Pakistan and Warba Bank (WB) from Kuwait during 2012-2016. However, the analyses excluding 2014 because WB only provides a report in the Arabic language. Financial and other non-financial aspects comprising of country analysis, company-level analysis and narrative quality analysis are conducted to investigate the effect of how social system covers nation and company culture, governance structure, and management quality influence the performance of Islamic banks. The comprehensive content analysis method is used to measure the suitability of Islamic value and the impact of the non-financial institution; therefore, it can be the main contribution of this paper. The study found, in the financial aspects, WB has better performance that contributes to IFDI indicators and able to provide information about the source and disbursement zakat fund. Further, in non-financial performance found both Islamic banks still lack information in delivering detail contracts via <em>uqud</em>, environmental aspect, and code ethic of the employee. However, BIP poses bad political affairs in corruption level and role-duality within board structure that can contribute to the lack of transparency and the absence of independence.</p><p> </p>
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Anwar, Muhammad. "Islamic Justice In A Monetary System." American Journal of Islam and Society 4, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v4i1.2743.
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Dr. M. Umer Chapra. Towards a Just Monetary System. Leicester:The Islamic Foundation. 1985. 292p.Extensive literature on the institutional aspects of monetary economics includespioneering studies by Muhammad Uzair, Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi,Ziauddin Ahmed, Anwar Iqbal Qureshi, Afzalur Rahman, and theCouncil of Islamic Ideology in Pakistan among many others. Scores ofresearch papers have elaborated the functioning of Islamic banking in theoryand practice. A fresh study on Islamic banking in Iran and Pakistan by ZubairIqbal and Abbass Mirakhor has been released by the International MonetaryFund. In the voluminous literature on issues dealing with money and bankingin Islam, Towards Q Just Monetary System is outstanding in many respects.The study is tightly knit, thoroughly documented, and the ideas are carekllyanalyzed. These qualities are lacking in most works on Islamic economics.Competence in ecnomics and command of Arabic for access to originalsources in Islam is essential for a scholarly integration of shari'ah and modemeconomic analysis in order to address ContempOrary economic problems.There is no doubt that Dr. Umer Chapra, Economic Adviser to the Saudi ArabianMonetary Agency, has all the necessary background.Towards a Just Monetary System introduces a perspective on the interestbearingsystem before outlining various socio-economic goals and strategiesin chapter one. Islamic views on the nature of riba are discussed in chaptertwo supported by a comprehensive appendix based on the Qur'an, Ahadith,and Fiqh literature on riba. Equity-based financing as an alternative tointerest-based financing is proposed in chapter three, for which necessaryreforms are outlined in chapter four. A vigorous comparison is drawn inchapter five between interest-bearing and interest-free systems in terms ofallocation of resources, saving and capital formation, stability, economicgrowth, and fulfilment of various types of credit needs. Some necessary ...
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Ali, Nadir, Bashir Ahmed, Humaira Akram, Junaid Akhtar, Ross Williams, and Ron Dixon. "HFE GENE MUTATIONS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 01 (January 10, 2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.01.551.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of two common HFE Gene Mutations(C282Y & H63D) in an immigrant population (British Pakistanis) in UK. Study Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: University of Lincoln UK. Duration: Duration of study was 12 monthsfrom 01/09/2012 to 31/08/2013. Material and Methods: Two hundred immigrant Pakistani (BP)chromosomes (100 samples; 50 male and 50 female) from major cities of UK and 200 ancestralorigin Pakistani chromosomes (100 samples; 50 male and 50 female) were analysed by PCRRFLPfor the presence of the H63D and C282Y mutations. Results: Eight individuals were foundto be heterozygous for the H63D mutation and one individual was found to be homozygousfor the H63D mutation, therefore, the H63D mutation was observed to have a frequency of 8%in immigrant Pakistani (BP) population sample and similar results were observed in ancestralorigin population from Pakistan. The C282Y mutation was not detected at all. Conclusion: Wefound that our results are close to Saudi-Arabian and Indian population (8.5% & 9.1% H63Dmutation, respectively) and in accordance with the global spread of the H63D mutation.
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Koderi, Koderi Koderi. "PRODUCT IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ARABIC ACHIEVEMENT AT MADRASAH ALIYAH IN LAMPUNG INDONESIA." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.654.
Full textAbstract:
Koderi*
Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty
Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung
Indonesia
Achmad Maulana
Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty
Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung
Indonesia
Dwi Prasetyo
Science & Engineering Faculty
Nusa Cenada University of Kupang
Indonesia
*Corresponding author’s Email: koderi@radenintan.ac.id
Author’s Biography (optional)
Name : Dr. Koderi, S.Ag,. M.Pd
For elementary school, he went to Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Poncokresno Indonesia and finished in 1985, while for secondary school he took it at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Pringsewu Indonesia and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tanjung Karang Indonesia accomplished in 1988 and 1993 respectively. He got his Bachelor’s degree from IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung in 1998 concentrating in Arabic education, his Master’s degree from Lampung University in 2008 majoring in Instructional Technology, and his Doctorate degree from Universitas Negeri Jakarta Indonesia in 2018 with similar concentration.
He has been a lecturer since 2003 as well as an assessor of teacher sertification (PLPG) program since 2010 both at Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty of Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung.
Peer-review under responsibility of 3rd Asia International Multidisciplanry Conference 2019 editorial board
(http://www.utm.my/asia/our-team/)
© 2019 Published by Readers Insight Publisher,
lat 306 Savoy Residencia, Block 3 F11/1,44000 Islamabad. Pakistan,
info@readersinsight.net
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
_________________________________________________________
Research Highlights
The study is dealing with the product implementation of mobile learning media for Arabic lesson by utilizing android communication tool with offline operational system. This is to explore the effectiveness of mobile learning media towards students’ Arabic lesson achievement. Data collection was carried out using pre-test and post-test with multiple choice test instrument. To analyze the data, the paired samples t-test was employed and it was obtained that the value of tcritical= 14.342 while the value of ttable = 2.086 at a significant level of α = 0.05. This means that tcritical = 14.342 > ttable = 2.086. Thus, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. As such, it can be concluded that the implementation of mobile learning media for Arabic lesson is highly effective to improve students’ achievement at Madrasah Aliyah (Islamic senior high school) in Lampung, Indonesia.
Research Objectives
This study is aimed at finding out the effectiveness of mobile learning media towards students’ achievement of Arabic lesson at Madrasah Aliyah in Lampung, Indonesia. The findings are expected to theoretically and practically bring benefits to researchers, teachers, students and readers in terms of 1) contributing mobile learning media for a more effective Arabic lesson, 2) providing an independent learning source for students in line with technology advancement, 3) assisting teachers to create effective, efficient and innovative instruction, 4) being researchers’ valuable experience to contribute to education by optimizing the instructional media for Arabic lesson in the era of industry revolution 4.0. Instructional media is a communication tool to make the learning process more effective (Yetri, Koderi, Amirudin, S Latifah, 2019).
The benefits of using mobile learning in general are: 1) more affordable than buying PCs and laptops, 2) more diverse and varied in delivering the learning material, 3) encouraging the teachers to carry out continuous learning because students always have their smartphones on them, 4) lowering the cost of the learning process because it does not have to be conducted in class, 5) having a better potential in providing experiential learning, 6) increasing literacy, 7) increasing the number of participants in education, and 8) having more communication features because they are able to send text, audio, and audio-visuals between mobile phones (Mehdipour, 2013).
Materials and Methods
The study belongs to implementation research (Experimental Research). The independent variable is mobile learning media, while the dependent one is students’ achievement of Arabic lesson at Madrasah Aliyah in Lampung, Indonesia. The sample, a group of 35 students in class IX IPA as the experimental class, was taken using purposive random sampling technique. The study was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung for 5 sessions in the odd semester of 2018/2019 academic year. Data were collected using test, observation, documentation and interview. Before implemented, the instruments had been validated by the experts of content and language to assure the content and construct validity.
Data analysis was executed by comparing the scores of pre-test and post-test using the paired samples t-test. Prior to the use of t-test analysis, the normality test and homogeneity test were carried out as a prerequisite for conducting the t-test analysis. The normality test is a prerequisite test to find out whether the data used in the study is normally distributed or not so that it can be used to test the hypothesis. The normality testing technique of this study was the Liliefors test. The homogeneity test used in this study was the F-test. The results of the normality and homogeneity tests calculation showed that the data of pre-test and post-test was normally distributed and homogeneous.
Results
The implementation of mobile learning media for Arabic lesson at Madrasah Aliyah in Lampung, Indonesia shows high effectiveness to improve students’ achievement. It is in agreement with a previous study conducted by Halawani (2008) entitled “Arabic Sign Language Translation System (ArSL-TS) on Mobile Devicesâ€, and its result is: “we proposed the ArSL-TS for the text translating into sign language animations on mobile devices. Since ArSL-TS is intended for mobile deaf users (Arab people), we based it on a standard Arabic sign language and provide animation and instant feedback about the meaning of the arabic textâ€. Another study entitled “E-learning modules supported by cooperative learning: Impact on Arabic language achievement among Qatar University students†which found out that the overall achievement of university level students improved with the implementation of a cost-free cooperative e-learning approach (Hassan and Fook, 2012).
The relevant previous studies indicate that mobile learning instructional model affected positively upon the Arabic lesson achievement. In fact, with proper design mobile learning media may facilitate effective learning as students may find it easy to 1) attain expected competency, 2) explore knowledge and skills, 3) have longer retention of the learning materials, and 4) apply the lesson into practice (Koderi, 2014).
Findings
This research findings include 1) mobile learning media for Arabic lesson is characterized by the interesting and practical auditory visualization as well as variative questions for assessment; 2) mobile learning everywhere which means that students and teacher may use it anywhere and any time; 3) mobile learning friendly meaning that close relationship between teacher and students appear as they use the media together; 4) students can be concentrated to study by focusing on their personal small smartphonr screen; and 5) process of instruction will run more comfortably as with the use of mobile phone learning may take place more rapidly, and time of learning is adjustable to the activities and times of day.
Acknowledgement
The study was a collaboration of lecturer and student of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty at Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung Indonesia, and the lecturer of Science & Engineering Faculty at Nusa Cenada University of Kupang Indonesia with a shared fund scheme.
References
Halawani, S., 2008. Arabic Sign Language Translation System On Mobile Devices. IJCSNS Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 8, 251–256.
Hassan, M.A., Fook, F.S., 2012. E-learning modules supported by cooperative learning : Impact on Arabic language achievement among Qatar University students 1–16.
Koderi, 2014. Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Media iPAD. Al-Bayan 6, 1–18.
Yetri, Koderi, Amirudin, S Latifah, M.D.A., 2019. The Effectiveness of Physics Demonstration Kit : The Effect on The Science Process Skills Through Students ’ Critical Thinking The Effectiveness of Physics Demonstration Kit : The Effect on The Science Process Skills Through Students ’ Critical Thinking. IOP Conf. Ser. J. Phys. Conf. 1155, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012061
Yousef Mehdipour, 2, H.Z., 2013. Mobile Learning for Education: Benefits and Challenges. Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res. 3, 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2011.604802
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Tijjani, Bashir, Murtaza Ashiq, Nadeem Siddique, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, and Aamir Rasul. "A bibliometric analysis of quality research papers in Islamic finance: evidence from Web of Science." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-03-2020-0056.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative information on the growth of Islamic finance literature. The study focused on publishing trends, countries producing research on Islamic finance, key authors, major contributing organizations, authorship patterns, keywords and articles with the highest citations. Design/methodology/approach Bibliometric analysis is applied to analyse the growth and publishing trends in Islamic finance literature. The Web of Science (WoS) database was used to extract bibliometric data covering the period 1939–2019 for Islamic finance literature. Findings The study finds that Islamic finance research has gained remarkable momentum in the literature. However, such growth is largely manifested in Malaysia because of a conducive atmosphere for this type of research. Interestingly, the study finds that the three most productive journals are located in the UK and Malaysia, while Professor M. Kabir Hassan from the University of New Orleans, the USA appears to head the list of authors with 23 publications on Islamic finance. Practical implications This study provides up-to-date literature on the current state of Islamic finance in the world; as a result, it supports the development of policies by the Islamic finance industry. The findings of the study also serve as a reference point for Islamic finance training and educational institutions. Originality/value Islamic finance is an emerging financial discipline; as such, there is a need for more awareness of this financial system in the world. Muslim-majority countries, especially Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Pakistan and Bahrain, have to include Islamic finance in their curriculum and establish research institutions and research journals. In addition, Arabic language journals should be indexed in WoS and/or Scopus to provide a high-quality publication platform. This study provides a more comprehensive bibliometric analysis on the growth of Islamic finance literature (1939–2019) in the WoS database; most of the prior studies have covered relatively few areas of focus and a lower range of years in some cases.
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M. Khalaf, Raja, and Ayad A. Abdulkader. "The Efficiency of the Parasitoids Bracon hebetor and B. brevicornis in the Control of Date Palm Moth Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 32 (December 22, 2019): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.282.
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Adams, J.M. (1976). A guide to the objective and reliable estimation of food losses in small scale farmer storage. Tropical stored Products Information, 32: 5-12.
Abdulrahman, S.H.; Khawaja, G.R.; Abdullah, A.S.; Mureed, K.D. & Mahammad, T. (2013). Effects of tempertuer on the development of Ephestia cautella (walker) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) a case study for its possible control under storage conditions. Pakistan J. Zool., 45(6): 1573-1576.
Al-Abdullah, B.; Al-Hamada, J.; Celtie, M.N. & Aslan, L. (2001). The effect of host and temperatures on some biological processes efficiency of larval parasite Bracon brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) under laboratory conditions. Damascus Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 25(1): 345-365.
Al-Ramahi, R.S. & Ali, M.H. (1983). Effect of diets on the longevity of the adult parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say. Yearbook Plant Pro. Res., 3(1): 29-38.
Al-Rawi, Kh.M. & Khalfalla, A.M. (1980). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Directorate of residence House Print. Publ., Univ. Mosul: 488pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Zadjali, T.S.; Abdallal, F.F. & El-Haidari, H.S. (2006). Insect pests attacking date palms and dates in Sultanate of Oman. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 84: 51-59.
Horak, M. (1994). A review of Cadra walker in Australia: five new native species and the tow introduced pest species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae). Aust. J. Entomol., 33(3): 245-262.
Gupta, A. & Lokhande, S.A. (2013). A new host record and a new combination in Cotesia cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India. J. Threatened Taxa, 5(2): 3678-3681.
Mohsen, A.A. (2001). Control of Ephestia cautella: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae using parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) gamma ray. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Educ. Women, Univ. Baghdad: 96pp. (In Arabic).
Saray, M.H. (2010). Effect of laser in some aspects of the life performance of the insect mite Ephestia cautella: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Biotechnol. Res. Cent. Coll. Sci. Univ. Baghdad, 4(2): 62-66.
Tarek, M.A.; Mohamed, H.A. & Al-Jalely, B.H. (2014). Bioprotective evaluation of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill on the different stages of fig moth Ephestia cautella: (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in vitro. J. Kerbala Univ., 12(1): 190-196. (In Arabic).
Sharma, H.C.; Ashok-Aluv, S.; Ravinder-Reddy, C.H.; Jayaraj, K.; Varaprasad, V.J.; Varaprasad-Reddy, K.M.; Belum, V.S. & Reddy-Rai, K.N. (2007). Management of sorghum and pearl millet pestin Bulk storage. Global theme on crop Improvement. International crops Research Institute for the Arid Tropics. Patan Cheru 502-324, Andra Pradesh, India: 20pp.
Shawkit, M.A.; Hamad, B.S.; MassehKhder, N.A.; Hamed, A.A. & Al-Tweel, A.A. (2014). Searching capacity of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenopetra: Braconidae) for its host larvae in simulated date store. J. Madenat Alelem Univ. Coll., 6(1): 30-38.
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Gul, Shahnawaz, André Carrara Morandini, Vreni Häussermann, and Ulrich Pörschmann. "Checklist of cnidarians from Pakistani waters." Check List 11, no. 2 (March 25, 2015): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1609.
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We present a species list of the marine cnidarians recorded from the Pakistani waters, northern Arabian Sea. It comprises a total of 119 species distributed in 41 families, 14 orders and 4 classes. With 44 species, the order Scleractinia (class Anthozoa) is the best-represented cnidarian taxon. Cnidarians from Pakistan are a poorly studied group which is mentioned in few occasional papers; no new species have been described from the region. The present paper will provide baseline information for future studies in Pakistan.
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Rafique, Muhammad Umair, and Sayed Amir Hussain Shah. "Environmental Degradation in Indian Ocean." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 1, no. 01 (March 3, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol1.iss01.12.
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Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world spanning over an area of 73,556,000 Square. kilometers, that covers three continents, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Pakistan is an emerging strategic and geopolitical significant state of the South Asia; it has 1046 kilometers of coastline across the Arabian Sea, a region of Northern Indian Ocean. The country’s largest province ‘Baluchistan’ possesses 800 kilometers of coastline, whereas remaining 246 kilometers is in ‘Sindh’ province. The level of marine pollution is extremely high in Karachi, an economic hub and populous port city of the Sindh. The Karachi Port harbour area is full of toxic pollutants until they are evaporated or settle down at the bottom. The objective of this paper is to highlight the dilemma of marine pollution in Pakistan's coastline especially in the port city of Karachi. The study is aimed to provide remedial measures to preserve endanger rare marine species of Pakistan’s territorial waters. The paper will also provide an empirical and theoretical overview of coastal governance in Pakistan.
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Asad, Muhammad Mujtaba, Razali Bin Hassan, Fahad Sherwani, Irfan Ahmed Rind, and Yaser Maiji. "Development of a novel safety and health educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) for oil and gas production operation." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 5 (November 25, 2019): 959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2019-0109.
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Purpose This proposed research study aims to focus on the development and implementation of a new safety and health educational management information system (hazard-free production operation [HAZ-PRO]) based on effective hazards controlling factors and mitigating measures for safe onshore and offshore oil and gas drilling operation in Saudi Arabian, Malaysian and Pakistani industries. According to previous studies, there is a sheer industrial need of an effective management information system for decision-making to prevent life-threatening accidents at oil and gas production sites based on innovative hazard controlling strategies from different production origins. Similarly, that safety and health management information system will also enhance the decision-making skills of oil and gas production crew through effective accident prevention strategies. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 100 drilling crew are randomly selected for quantitative research phase. Similarly, 3 safety experts are purposively selected for qualitative research from each drilling domain from Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Pakistan, whereas for the identification of hazard controlling measures, what-if analysis and thematic analysis approaches are adopted. Furthermore, the educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) for safety and health has been developed by using ADDIE Model based. Whereas, Visual Studio (2017) and MySQL software are used for the database and user interface development of the safety and health management information system for the safety and health of production crew. Findings This study proposes the research framework for the development and implementation of a new safety and health educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) based on identified effective hazard controls and mitigating measures in support of accident prevention and effective decision-making in hazardous events at Saudi Arabian and Pakistani onshore and offshore production domains. Whereas, this proposed safety and health management information system will assist and facilitate the safety professionals and production crew to prevent the injuries in hazardous work environments of onshore and offshore oil and gas industries according to international safety standards. Practical implications This safety and health management information system can be utilized by oil and gas industries (oil and gas production crew) in Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Pakistan for accident prevention and suitable decision-making prior to the actual onshore and offshore operations. Also, the proposed system development framework will be useful as an effective source for the elimination of life-threatening drilling hazards associated with its activities in oil and gas industries. Similarly, the proposed framework can also be implemented in other oil and gas work-based accident prevention and effective decision-making designs. Originality/value This proposed safety and health management information system will be the first system for oil and gas production operation that covers all onshore and offshore operations for Saudi Arabian, Malaysian and Pakistani oil and gas industrial settings. Also, the system development methodology and design framework, which will be used, is novel and unique based on their characteristics and functionalities.
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Green, Nile. "The View from the Edge: The Indian Ocean's Middle East." International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 4 (September 30, 2016): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000866.
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I first encountered the Indian Ocean on the shores of Makran. I thought I was at land's end, Asia's edge. The ocean hadn't entered my thoughts except as non plus ultra, an ending void. The map said Baluchistan, and I had come to find the Baluch. But I soon found Africans and Zikris, palm-frond huts and Omani passports, old soldiers (or mercenaries) from an overseas foreign legion and smugglers of whiskey, opium, and pharmaceuticals. Now China has built a port there; then, less than twenty years ago, they were still making dhows, subtle smuggling ships. Yet it was far from romantic. It was a rough and hard place where traders and fishers eked a marginal existence from the watery edge of a dust-powder desert. Karachi was thirty-six hours by bus then truck. But Pakistan was an abstract and suspect idea; locals talked more of Muscat. A year or two later, in the Tihama of Yemen, I watched as boatloads of Africans (refugees? job hunters? all men at any rate) ran ashore through the surf. My Arab colleagues, all from the highlands, said they arrived every day, and spoke ill of them. A while after that, in Muscat, I listened with curiosity to Arabic laced with Urdu (or was it Hindi, or Gujarati? They were just nouns, Wanderwörter: terms that travel). In Iran, it was different sounds of the ocean I heard when urban friends gave me tapes of bandarī, the music of the ports.
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Valipour, Mohammad, Rodney Briscoe, Luigi Falletti, Petri S. Juuti, Tapio S. Katko, Riikka P. Rajala, Rohitashw Kumar, Saifullah Khan, Maria Chnaraki, and Andreas Angelakis. "Water-Driven Music Technologies through Centuries." J 4, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4010001.
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Water-driven music technology has been one of the primary sources of human leisure from prehistoric times up until the present. Water powered, along with air pressure organs, have been used throughout history. One of them was an organ of fountains located inside a formal garden. Throughout ancient mythology, several different gods have been linked to music in many civilizations, in particular, Minoa, Mehrgarh, and Gandhara. Water deities were usually significant amid civilizations located next to a sea or an ocean, or even a great river like the Indus River in Pakistan, the Nile River in the Middle East or the Ganga River in India. These fountains performed a wide range of songs from Classical to contemporary Arabic, and even included other worldly music. The study of water-driven music technology demonstrates the diachronic evolution and the revelation that ancient people had impressive knowledge of the engineering needed for water exploitation and manipulation. This revelation is still both fascinating and intriguing for today’s water engineers. This paper also shows the relationship between water in nature and music, and furthermore, how nature has inspired composers throughout history. This research shows the sustainability of different kinds of water-driven musical instruments, not only through their use in past centuries, but their relevance in music therapy and other purposes of today. This study is useful for researchers in the fields of history, music, engineering and sustainable development.
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Cambon, Pierre, and Gonzague Quivron. "Pakistan." Arts asiatiques 70, no. 1 (2015): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arasi.2015.1892.
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Cambon, Pierre. "Pakistan." Arts asiatiques 71, no. 1 (2016): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arasi.2016.1933.
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Cambon, Pierre. "Pakistan." Arts asiatiques 72, no. 1 (2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arasi.2017.1971.
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Faheem, Farrukh, Sajjad Hussain, and Wang Xingang. "SECTARIAN WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST: IRAN, SAUDI ARABIA, PAKISTAN AND AN UNENDING WAR FOR REGIONAL HEGEMONY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 1230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93121.
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Purpose: This paper aims to explore the current chaotic condition of the Middle East that was fueled by the traditional competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran. s state and society in every field of life.
Principal Findings: The paper argues that the Saudi-Iran’s sectarian proxy warfare in the Middle East is a means to counter each other’s regional influence that has adverse implications for the internal security of Pakistan that can destroy its economy as well.
Methodology: This research is based on a qualitative approach and deductive method. The paper answers four main queries: To what extent the Iran–Saudi Rivalry a result of sectarian aspirations? How are both countries using proxy warfare methods in the region to realize their interests vis a vis each other? What is the role of external powers like the United States or Russia in proxy warfare? How does the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia impact Pakistan?
Applications: The study concludes that the outcome of the predicament in the Middle East has produced policy challenges for Pakistan vis-à- vis its relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran. The growing threats of sectarianism, violent extremism, domestic Polarization, and danger to the economic development of Pakistan make it an important player in this competition.
Novelty: The traditional Conflict between Saudi and Iran affects the entire region of the Middle East. Sectarianism is one of the serious concerns of all Muslim countries today. It truly has both internal and external sources in other neighbouring Muslim states. Thus, this research provides an understanding to comprehend Pakistan’s internal and as well as external problems.
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Rafique, Abu Bakr. "Towards an Integrated Islamic Curriculum for Bangladesh in line with the Recommendations of OIC Conference'77." IIUC Studies 9 (July 10, 2015): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v9i0.24012.
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Education holds very high position in Islam, the 1st revelation to the Prophet (s.a.w.) contains especial emphasis on knowledge and has been identified as an especial favour of the Creator. The four point objectives behind sending the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) with the mission of prophethood are all related to recitation, teaching and purification of soul through continuous training and guidance. Seeking knowledge has been made an obligatory duty on every Muslim - male and female - by the Prophet (s.a.w.). The Muslim wherever had ruled they had patronized education and established educational Institutions. These were open to all the peoples regardless of race, religion and caste. The Muslim rulers who ruled Bengal for more than 500 years had established many educational institutions, introduced a very advanced education system in Bengal, which was Islamic in nature and an integrated policy based on Arabic and Persian. After the British took over the rule of Bengal from the hands of the Muslims, they introduced an English medium secular education policy replacing the prevailing education system introduced by the Muslims. But the majority of the Muslims could not accept that policy, knowing that the main objective behind introducing that policy was degrading the Muslim society. The paper is a historical overview of prevailing Curriculum of the Islamic Education System in Bengal and the then East Pakistan in general, and the present Bangaldesh in particular in one hand, and a recommendation for introducing an integrated Islalmic Education Policy on the other.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 17-38
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Hashim, Rosnani. "Secularism and Spirituality." American Journal of Islam and Society 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i3.1531.
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This compilation provides a systematic overview of the development andchallenges of Islamic education in Singapore. After the introduction by NoorAishah and Lai Ah Eng, Chee Min Fui focuses on the historical evolution ofmadrasah education (chapter 1) and Mukhlis Abu Bakar highlights the tensionbetween the state’s interest and the citizens’ right to an Islamic education(chapter 2). In chapter 3, Noor Aishah elaborates on the fundamental problemof the madrasah’s attempt to lay the educational foundation of both traditionaland rational sciences. Azhar Ibrahim surveys madrasah reforms inIndonesia, Egypt, India, and Pakistan in chapter 4, while Afiza Hashim andLai Ah Eng narrate a case study of Madrasah Ma`arif in chapter 5. Tan TayKeong (chapter 6) examines the debate on the national policy of compulsoryeducation in the context of the madrasah, and Syed Farid Alatas (chapter 7)clarifies the concept of knowledge and Islam’s philosophy of education,which can be used to assess contemporary madrasah education.Formal madrasah education in Singapore began with the establishmentof Madrasah Iqbal in 1908, which drew inspiration from Egypt’sreformist movement. This madrasah was a departure from traditionalIslamic education, which was informal and focused only on the traditionalsciences and Arabic. The madrasah’s importance and popularity in Singaporewas attested to by the fact that at one point, Madrasah al-Junied was“the school of choice for students from the Malay states, Indonesia and thePhilippines” (p. 10). After the Second World War, there were about 50-60such schools, mostly primary, with about 6,000 students using Malay asthe medium of instruction. The number declined with the introduction ofMalay-language secondary schools in the 1960s ...