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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabic into English'
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1
Allen, Roger, and Ernest Kay. "Arabic Computer Dictionary: English/Arabic, Arabic/English." Modern Language Journal 72, no. 1 (1988): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327582.
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Hashim, Azirah, Gerhard Leitner, and Mohammed Al Aqad. "Arabic in contact with English in Asia." English Today 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000377.
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Arabic has a long history of contact with languages outside the Middle East (Lapidus, 2015; Beg, 1979). In Asia, the spread of Arabic began with the trade network that connected the Middle East with South Asia, South-East, East Asia and East Africa from the fifth century. It intensified with the rise of Islam from the seventh century onwards (Morgan & Reid, 2010; Azirah & Leitner, 2016). In this paper we investigate the impact of Arabic on today's English in the context of Asian Englishes. More specifically we ask if the contact of Arabic with English in Asia has led to the creation of an Arabic-Islamic layer of English in countries that have a majority or a significant minority of Muslims. Would such a layer add a new dimension to the texture of English and be integrative across national Englishes? Or would it be divisive inside individual countries? In order to explore such issues we created a corpus of Arabic loanwords in Asian Englishes. Such a database will contribute to a better coverage of the impact of Arabic in dictionaries and to the study of English as a (multiple) national, regional and global language.
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Al-Ageel, Hessah. "Requests in Saudi Pidgin Arabic." Business Management and Strategy 6, no. 1 (July 11, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7682.
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<p>This study aims to investigate Saudi Pidgin Arabic (SPA) as one of the linguistic varieties that has emerged as a result of the interaction between Saudis and Asian workers. Linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis has been conducted for requestive expressions made by two generations of Saudi female speakers to female Asian workers in the cafeteria of a governmental institute in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study shows that the use of SPA is largely limited to the simplest forms of verb and noun phrases that are used in Najdi Arabic (the variety that is used in the middle region of Arabian Peninsula), the lexifier language of SPA. The impact of English on the younger generation is shown by the tendency of younger participants to employ English expressions. A sociolinguistic analysis also shows the impact of the social variables of power, status, social distance and the age of the requester. </p>
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Zughoul, Muhammad Raji, and Awatef Miz’il Abu-Alshaar. "English/Arabic/English Machine Translation: A Historical Perspective." Meta 50, no. 3 (November 2, 2005): 1022–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011612ar.
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Abstract This paper examines the history and development of Machine Translation (MT) applications for the Arabic language in the context of the history and machine translation in general. It starts with a discussion of the beginnings of MT in the US and then, depending on the work of MT historians, surveys the decline of the work on MT and drying up of funding; then the revival with globalization, development of information technology and the rising needs for breaking the language barriers in the world; and last on the dramatic developments that came with the advances in computer technology. The paper also examined some of the major approaches for MT within a historical perspective. The case of Arabic is treated along the same lines focusing on the work that was done on Arabic by Western research institutes and Western profit motivated companies. Special attention is given to the work of the one Arab company, Sakr of Al-Alamiyya Group, which was established in 1982 and has seriously since then worked on developing software applications for Arabic under the umbrella of natural language processing for the Arabic language. Major available software applications for Arabic/English Arabic MT as well as MT related software were surveyed within a historical framework.
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Schwanitz, Wolfgang, and George Dimitri Selim. "Arabic-English and English-Arabic Dictionaries in the Library of Congress." Die Welt des Islams 34, no. 1 (April 1994): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1570860.
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Ahmed, Elawad Yagoub. "Using Arabic in Teaching English to Arabic-Speaking Learners (From Teachers’ and Students’ Point of View)." Education and Linguistics Research 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v6i1.16424.
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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse teachers’ and students’ views towards using Arabic in teaching English in secondary schools in Oneizah Province, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of two questionnaires: one for teachers and the other for students. The subjects were 43 teachers of English, 12 were female. 120 male students from four different secondary schools in Oneizah. The results of the study showed that Arabic language (The students’ mother tongue) could be used during English language lessons although teachers’ responses gave less support for using Arabic. Also, the results revealed that Arabic has positive roles to play in teaching English besides facilitating learning process. The recommendations emphasize and encourage teachers and supervisors to pay attention to their learners need in using their mother tongue. Moreover, Arabic language can be a means of facilitation not a hindrance so it can be used in many activities inside the classroom without affecting students’ exposure to English language. Also, there should be a place for learners’ mother tongue in the syllabus, e.g. in translation exercises and bilingual dictionaries.
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Omar, Abdulfattah A. "THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUAL FRANCA ON THE LINGUISTIC CHANGES OF THE COLLOQUIAL DIALECTS OF ARABIC." Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v19i2.16894.
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With the development of globalization and the emergence of global English, numerous studies have been concerned with the ways Arabic is influenced by English, the adoption of many English loanwords by Arab speakers and the dominance of English as a lingua franca in different Arab countries including Saudi Arabia. These studies generally investigate the effects of global English on the Arab linguistic and cultural identity. The majority of these studies tend to list what they refer to as risks of the dominance of English loanwords in Arabic and assert the importance of keeping Arabic pure from these words which are described asدخيل dakhil (literally meaning strange and outsider). Very few studies have been done on exploring the ways English loanwords are used in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA) and the relationship between the use of English loanwords and some sociolinguistic variables such as sex, age, geographic location, and education. In the face of this, this article is concerned with exploring the relationship between sex and the use of English loanwords in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA). In order to do this, the study is based on a corpus of English loanwords in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA) with the purpose of investigating the frequency of English loanwords in the speeches of male and female speakers and describing the morphological adaptations used by male and female speakers. Results indicate that there are significant differences between Saudi male and female speakers in the use of English loanwords in terms of frequency, topics, and morphological adaptations. The sex or gender of the speaker is an important factor in determining the frequency, distribution, and the morphological adaptations of English loanwords in SCA.
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Fox, Andrew, and Alan S. Kaye. "Nigerian Arabic-English Dictionary." Language 64, no. 4 (December 1988): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414603.
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Woidich, Manfred, and Alan S. Kaye. "Nigerian Arabic-English Dictionary." Journal of the American Oriental Society 108, no. 4 (October 1988): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603172.
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Ismail, Sherif H. "Arabic Literature into English." Interventions 17, no. 6 (January 6, 2015): 916–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2014.994546.
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Comrie, Bernard. "Nigerian Arabic-English Dictionary." Lingua 83, no. 4 (April 1991): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90062-a.
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Akki, Fouad, and Mohammed Larouz. "A Comparative Study of English-Arabic-English Translation Constraints among EFL Students." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v2i3.163.
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Because most of the previous research on translation constraints in English-Arabic-English translation has separately investigated English-Arabic and Arabic-English translation problems, the current study is meant to compare the constraints that EFL students face across the two translation types. To attain this objective, English-Arabic and Arabic-English tests were administered to forty-seven (N= 47) EFL students in two Moroccan university educational settings to measure their abilities in the two translation domains. The results reveal that the participants' scores in both versions are not at the expected ability level due to the obstacles they encounter in the translation process. The study also shows that having a good ability in the English-Arabic version cannot strongly predict a similar good ability in Arabic-English translation because of the different natures of the two languages, which suggests taking more care of the student’s proficiency in English and Arabic languages and exposing students to their distinctive aspects for the sake of coming up with accurate and appropriate translations. The study ends with implications for pedagogy and recommendations for future researchers.
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Wakin, Jeanette, and Wilson B. Bishai. "A Computer Dictionary of Literary Arabic: Arabic-English." Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, no. 4 (October 1990): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/602934.
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Al-Rawi, Maather. "Four grammatical features of Saudi English." English Today 28, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000132.
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Saudi English (also called ‘Arabicised-English’ by Al-Shurafa, 2009) is probably one of the least studied varieties among the ‘New Englishes’. This paper aims to provide an introduction to the main syntactic features of the variety. In order to do this I will use the list of features discernible in varieties of English world-wide as ascertained by two scholars working actively on the typology of the different Englishes, Kortmann & Szmrecsanyi (2004). They use the term ‘angloversals’ for recurrent non-standard features widely found in English across the globe. This paper investigates three such ‘angloversal’ features which I believe to be widespread in Saudi Arabia: (a) #57: deletion ofbe; (b) #17: irregular use of articles; and (c) #53: invariant present tense forms due to zero marking for the third person singular (Kortmann & Szmrecsanyi 2004: 1146–7). This article also aims to study the effects of the Arabic substrate on the variety of English spoken in Saudi Arabia. The occurrence of the features is investigated among different strata in the society.
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Dickins, James. "The pervasiveness of coordination in Arabic, with reference to Arabic>English translation." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.2.04dic.
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Abstract This article analyses aspects of the greater use of coordination in Modern Standard Arabic as compared to English, illustrating this through Arabic>English translation. It argues that Arabic ‘favours’ coordination linguistically, textually and rhetorically, as follows: 1. The linguistic resources of Arabic favour coordination while those of English favour subordination – whether these are lexical (Arabic و wa- and ف fa- vs. English ‘and’), or semantic (the possibility of backgrounding coordinated clauses in Arabic compared to the marginality of backgrounded coordinated clauses in English); 2. Accompanying Arabic textual norms, e.g. (near-)synonym repetition and chained coordination, favour coordination while those of English favour subordination; 3. Further associated ‘rhetorical semantic’ uses of coordination are found in Arabic, e.g. hyperonym-hyponym repetition and associative repetition, which do not exist in English; 4. These extended usages further entrench coordination as a norm in Arabic as compared to English.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "Translation of English idioms into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.2.03abu.
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Abstract This paper consists of three parts; the first part examines the definition of “idiom” as a technical term, primarily from a translational perspective, and the strategies usually employed by Arab translators when translating English idioms. The second part analyses the Arabic translations given in a sample of two hundred and fifty-three English idioms in terms of strategies and the significance of their frequency. This analysis reveals four important things: 1. Statistically, the most common strategy applied is paraphrasing, followed closely by literal translations and semantic equivalence, with omission, compensation and other strategies being of significantly less importance; 2. Literal translation has allowed certain English idioms to become part of Arabic lexis; 3. A disproportionately large number of the translations are literal and, therefore, sound “foreign” or are deemed void of sense to the Arab reader, 4. Literal (and therefore erroneous) translations in the target language arise primarily from the failure of the translator to decipher the meaning of the idiom in question. The last part revisits literal translation in order to understand its nature, reasons for its prevalence, its effect on the translated text and its impact on the Arabic language. Résumé Cet article comprend trois parties. La première partie examine la définition de «l’idiome » comme terme technique, essentiellement du point de vue de la traduction, et les stratégies généralement utilisées par les traducteurs arabes quand ils traduisent des idiomes anglais. La seconde partie analyse les traductions arabes données dans un échantillon de deux cent cinquante-trois idiomes anglais, en fonction des stratégies et de la signification de leur fréquence. Cette analyse révèle quatre éléments importants: 1. Statistiquement, la stratégie la plus couramment utilisée est la paraphrase, suivie de près par les traductions littérales et l’équivalence sémantique, l’omission, la compensation et autres stratégies étant d’une importance moins significative. 2. La traduction littérale a permis à certains idiomes anglais d’entrer dans le lexique arabe. 3. Un nombre disproportionné de traductions sont littérales et, par conséquent, elles ont une consonance «étrangère» ou elles sont jugées vides de sens par le lecteur arabe. 4. Les traductions littérales (et donc erronées) dans la langue cible viennent principalement de l’incapacité du traducteur à déchiffrer la signification de l’idiome en question.La dernière partie réexamine la traduction littérale afin de comprendre sa nature, les raisons de sa fréquence, son effet sur le texte traduit et son impact sur la langue arabe.
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Zribi, Chiraz Ben Othmane. "English–Arabic collocation extraction to enhance Arabic collocation identification." Knowledge and Information Systems 62, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 2439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-019-01428-0.
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Al-Jarf, Reima Saado. "Multiple Arabic Equivalents to English Medical Terms." International Linguistics Research 1, no. 1 (June 24, 2018): p102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v1n1p102.
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Translation of medical texts poses several challenges to undergraduate student-translators due to multiple Arabic equivalents to English medical terms. For medical terms such as clinical, intensive care, polyp, and osteoporosis several Arabic equivalents exist. A sample of English medical terms with multiple Arabic equivalents was collected from several English-Arabic medical dictionaries to find out the types of multiple Arabic equivalents given, the shortcomings of Arabic equivalents, and the difficulties that students have with multiple Arabic equivalents. Two lists of categories with definitions and examples were developed and used in classifying and evaluating the equivalents. In addition, students answered an Arabic medical terminology test and responded to a questionnaire-survey to find out their difficulties. Results of the analysis and evaluation of the Arabic equivalents, medical terminology test, and responses to the questionnaire-survey are reported in detail. Recommendations for translation instruction are also given.
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Al-Shaer, Ibrahim. "Arabic and English genitive constructions." Languages in Contrast 14, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.2.01als.
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It is well documented that there is a one-to-many relationship between Arabic and English genitival constructions. However, it is unclear whether, given this syntactic variation, such constructions show equivalence in semantic function. For this purpose, a corpus-based contrastive analysis of these genitive constructions in a bilingual novel is carried out. As a prelude to a quantitative and qualitative inspection of the data, the (non)interchangeability of the alternative English genitives is determined by eliciting intuitive judgments from 10 linguistically naïve native speakers of British English. Quantitatively, the study shows that the Arabic genitive almost covers the semantic functions expressed by the various English genitives found in the corpus. Qualitatively, the study reveals that the flexibility derived from the English genitive variation, as opposed to the fixed word order of the Arabic genitive, allows the speaker to convey additional meaning. However, the Arabic genitive which employs various formal devices such as overt markers of case, gender, number, definiteness and person can express the same semantic functions. These features render Arabic functional with one genitive and require English to vary its genitive relative to certain phonological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic conditions.
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Omar, Abdulfattah, and Mohammed Ilyas. "The Sociolinguistic Significance of the Attitudes towards Code-Switching in Saudi Arabia Academia." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p79.
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Code-switching between Arabic and English marks a significant linguistic change in the history and use of Arabic in Saudi Arabia. Any kind of language change, which is an inevitable process in almost every world language, has always been resisted in Saudi Arabia mostly due to a national identity and religious factors. The current study investigated the attitude of the Saudi academia comprising English language instructors and English major students towards code-switching between Arabic and English. The study examined the perceptions of the academia towards the use of varying languages and the attitude that resulted from a perception. A sample size of 10 instructors and 40 students from four universities in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia was taken for the purpose of carrying out this qualitative study. Focus Group and interview methods were used to collect data and a content analysis technique was adopted to analyze their transcripts. Findings and Results indicated that there was a close relationship between education and age on one side and the acceptability of code-switching on the other. Positive attitudes towards code-switching were found among the younger participants in their tertiary level of education. The results also revealed that such an attitude affected learners' academic performance since the learners attitude towards each language contributed to their learning and knowledge acquisition.
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Nasser Alnasser, Suliman Mohammed. "Exploring Saudi English Departments’ Beliefs on Language Use at Department Level: When and Why?" Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.128.
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In Saudi Arabia, staff members in higher educational English departments communicate with one another and with students outside the domain of the classroom on a daily basis using English (L2) and/or Arabic (L1) languages in different departmental encounters. The existence of English Language Policies (henceforth ELPs) in Saudi English departments is expected because of the nature of the work and the likelihood of the presence of non-Arabic-speaking members. The literature does not offer any account of the existing beliefs of staff members in Saudi English departments regarding the reasons for the timing and contexts in which English and/or Arabic should be used. This serves as the purpose of the current study. This study adopted a mixed method approach. The total number of participants comprised 216 staff members affiliated to the Saudi higher educational English departments. They were of different specialties, ranks, genders, ages, and from different regions. A total of 208 participants responded to an online survey, which was composed of a background section and five questions. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews comprising two questions were conducted with eight interviewees (seven male department chairpersons and one female vice chair). The main conclusions of the study include that majority of staff members prefer to use English on every possible occasion. However, they also believe Arabic should not be banned from use at department level. Other findings, implications, and recommendations for future research are provided.
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M Alhamdan, Alaa Hamdan. "Structural Patterns of Multilingual Codeswitching between Arabic and English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.3p.93.
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As multilingualism is increasingly embraced in Saudi Arabia, the inevitable practice of codeswitching is a topic of heated debate. While it has been the subject of strong-held beliefs and opinions, established scholarly work is needed to enlighten the understanding of this use of languages. Hence, this study explored naturally occurring data of the codeswitching use of Arabic and English by multilingual Arab students as they attend Arabic weekly cultural seminar sessions during their temporary stay and study in the US. It captures their codeswitching use via video recordings and subjected to linguistic analyses on three levels: whole text-level, sentence-level and morpheme-level, with the implementation of the mixed-method approach. The findings revealed that the linguistic analysis of 523 codeswitching occurrences found in the data revealed the structural complexity and variety of codeswitching as a linguistic resource available to multilinguals fluent in Arabic and English. Occurring spontaneously and rather unpredictably in multilingual interactions, it disproved common Saudi and other perceptions of it as a form of language offense and careless linguistic behavior.
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Anderson, Roger. "Rocket Arabic for English Speakers." CALICO Journal 33, no. 3 (January 28, 2016): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v33i3.29172.
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Aljlayl, M., O. Frieder, and D. Grossman. "On bidirectional English-Arabic search." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 53, no. 13 (2002): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.10143.
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Gorshunov, Yu V. "IMPRINTS OF ARABIC IN ENGLISH." Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta 7, no. 2 (2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/bulletin-bsu-2018.2.34.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "An Arabic-English collocational dictionary." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.1.03abu.
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Les efforts que consacre actuellement l'auteur de cet article à la confection d'un dictionnaire de collocation bilingue arabe-anglais se heurtent à de nombreux obstacles théoriques et méthodologiques. Au niveau théorique, l'auteur se voit contraint de fournir une définition de travail pour la collocation mais aussi une analyse raisonnée du procédé de compilation. Au niveau méthodologique, il s'agit d'établir comment seront organisées les entrées lexicologiques et quelles seront leur nature et leur nombre. Et puisque ce type de dictionnaire est assez récent, l'auteur ne peut qu'espérer que la recherche effectuée dans ce domaine particulier de la lexicologie permettra de mieux comprendre et d'encourager de nouvelles recherches en vue d'améliorer la contribution du phénomène de collocation à l'enseignement de la traduction.
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Salih, Mahmud Husein, and Naser Al-Hassan Athamneh. "Silence in Arabic-English Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.4.04sal.
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La traduction -le processus de communication qui s'opère entre des langues différentes - doit délivrer un message donné tant du point de vue linguistique que paralinguistique. Le traducteur doit maîtriser le code linguistique mais aussi la signification des moyens paralinguistiques mis en oeuvre, comme le silence, qui, très souvent, accompagne les signes linguistiques. Le silence exprime une série de fonctions dont l'insuffisance des expressions verbales, la politesse, l'hésitation, la réflexion, la triste obligation d'accepter l'autorité, et le refus de coopérer. Le présent article aborde donc la traduction arabe-anglais du silence dans le roman de Salih, Season of Migration to the North. L'auteur y démontre le rendu erroné, par le traducteur, Johnson-Davies, du silence et de tout ce qu'il reflète: l'incapacité à trouver des termes appropriés, la confusion d'esprit, l'amertume et le mystère. De plus, la traduction de Johnson-Davies semble porter atteinte à une fonction rhétorique que de Waard et Nida (1986:83) intitulent la "progression logique". Celle-ci traite de conséquences et de relations, telles que les rapports de cause à effet et de condition à effet. Par conséquent, la traduction sépare plutôt qu'elle ne relie les événements du roman et déforme leur signification. Enfin, l'auteur de l'article présente plusieurs aspects théoriques ayant une incidence sur la science de la traduction; tout traducteur devrait être conscient que l'usage de points de suspension ou que l'absence de mots pour marquer le silence n'impliquent pas nécessairement l'absence de discours ou de pensées. Les significations exprimées par le biais de la paralinguistique ne peuvent donc pas être considérées comme périphériques ni être négligées dans la traduction. D'autre part, en traduction, la maîtrise du système de la langue d'origine ne suffit pas, elle doit être accompagnée d'une connaissance parallèle des fonctions des mécanismes paralinguistiques, comme le silence.
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Bahumaid, Showqi. "Collocation in English-Arabic Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.03bah.
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Abstract Collocation is considered one of the major ‘trouble spots’ for translators. This may be ascribed to the relative difficulty in predicting the constituent elements of a collocation, the considerag ble variation in collocability across languages and the lack of adequate resources on collocation. However, few empirical studies have been made so far on the types of collocations that are parg ticularly problematic to the translator, the specific sources of the problem and the procedures that translators actually resort to in handling such collocations. This paper investigates the areas just defined with special reference to collocation in English and Arabic. A translation test involving thirty sentencegcontextualized collocations of different types was designed. The test was administered to four Arab university instructors who taught translation and did translation work for different periods of time. The participants’ performance in the test was considerably low. A detailed analysis of the problem was conducted and the findg ings were then reported. It is hoped that a study of this kind would provide essential feedback for translation teachers and syllabus designers. Résumé La collocation est considérée comme un des principaux «points névralgiques » pour les traducg teurs. Cela peut s’expliquer par la difficulté relative qu’il y a à prévoir les éléments constitutifs d’une collocation, aux variations considérables de collocabilité entre langues et au manque de ressources adéquates en matière de collocation. Toutefois, peu d’études empiriques ont été efg fectuées jusqu’à présent en ce qui concerne les types de collocations qui s’avèrent particulièreg ment problématiques pour le traducteur, les sources spécifiques du problème et les procédures auxquelles les traducteurs ont effectivement recours pour les traiter. Cet article étudie les domaines que nous venons de définir et se réfère en particulier à la colg location en anglais et en arabe. Un test de traduction a été élaboré, comprenant trente collocag tions de différents types, replacées dans un contexte de phrases. Nous avons fait passer ce test à quatre assistants d’université arabes qui enseignaient la traduction et effectuaient des travaux de traduction à différentes époques. Les résultats obtenus par les participants au test étaient exg trêmement faibles. Une analyse détaillée du problème a été effectuée et les conclusions ont fait l’objet d’un rapport. Nous espérons qu’une étude de ce type fournira des informations esseng tielles aux professeurs de traduction et aux concepteurs de programmes d’ enseignement.
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Ehrensvärd, Martin. "Reference in English-Arabic translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.4.05ehr.
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Thawabteh, Mohammad Ahmad. "Censorship in English-Arabic subtitling." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 556–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.05tha.
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This article draws on three American movies to illustrate censorship in English-Arabic subtitling. The paper argues that in translating languages of little cultural affinity, censorship serves as a remedy that can narrow the potential cultural gap. However, the paper shows that the films have been exposed to excessive censorship in the Arabic subtitles, although not in the original film. Therefore, the subtitles, usually viewed as a verbal-visual channel, work to restrict the flow of communication, depriving the target audience of much information existing in the Source Language (SL) dialogue. The fact that the shots help us understand what is being said is not fully taken into consideration by the satellite channels. The study finally reveals that two major strategies are employed in the translation, namely the omission of obscene utterances in the SL and the rendition of the SL obscenity into a less offensive equivalent in the Target Language (TL).
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Rasul, Sabir H. "Shift from Arabic to English." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp190-198.
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Language is a living phenomenon; languages change, evolve and develop over time. One of the ways that languages change is through the influence of foreign languages, which is mainly reflected in loanwords. This paper addresses a new trend in translations produced in the Kurdish media, which is a shift from using Arabic loanwords to using English loanwords. Through a research questionnaire, this paper aims to attest whether the new observed trend is a mere perception or a factual phenomenon. The questionnaire aims at journalist-translators working between English and Kurdish. They are required to translate 40 fairly short English sentences (from journalistic genre) into Kurdish, each sentence containing one or more unmarked words that are thought to represent the aforementioned trend when translated into Kurdish. The results show that the use of Arabic loanwords in Kurdish journalistic translations is disproportionately low compared to English loanwords. Strikingly, the use of Kurdish equivalents is considerably high, given the fact that the chosen words are perceived to be normally translated as loanwords. Finally, over ten per cent of the translation occurrences demonstrate exceptional cases whereby the chosen words are translated by procedures such as near-synonymy, generalization and expansion.
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Sayer, Inaad Mutlib. "Adverbial Infinitive in English and its Counterpart in Arabic with Reference to Translation." Journal of University of Human Development 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n3y2017.pp562-569.
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This paper tackles adverbial infinitive in English and its counterpart in Arabic with reference to translation. The aim of the paper is to highlight the points of similarity and diffirence between English and Arabic as far as adverbial infinitive is concerned. The paper also aims at giving suggestions for translating English adverbial infinitive into Arabic and vice versa. The procedure followed in the present paper is to directly compare between the uses of the English infinitive as adverbial and their Arabic equivalent uses to find out in what aspects they are similar and in what aspects they are different. Syntactically, the results show that infinitive in both English and Arabic can be used as adjunct; however, only in English the infinitive can be disjunct or conjunct. Semantically, the infinitive in both languages can express purpose, result, time, reason, condition, exception, and preference. However, there are differences in the details of the uses of the infinitive in each language. Yet, only English has infinitive as comparison, and only Arabic has infinitive as similarity. The study has provided suggestions for translating English adverbial infinitive into Arabic and for translating the Arabic counterpart of English adverbial infinitive into English.
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AL-JARF, Reima. "Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.1.
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This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.
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Handoko, Handoko. "HELPING STUDENTS OF ARABIC DEPARTMENT OR PESANTREN LEARN THE ENGLISH DERIVATION." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 10, no. 1 (August 13, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v10i1.3031.
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Presenting the comparative description of English derivation and Arabic derivatives, this paper is intentionally purposed to help students to understand the English derivation. Most of students, especially the students of Arabic department or students who are familiar with Arabic as they have learned before, regard that English language is difficult to learn. To solve this problem, the writer provides a comparative study by using Arabic as another language that he knows. This paper constitutes an exploratory study of derivatives in both English and Arabic, provides procedures in teaching English derivation to the students who have basic knowledge<strong> </strong>in Arabic, and then gives reflection and conclusion.
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Muhammad, Zulfikri. "التقابل اللغوي بين اللغة العربية و الإنجليزية." Imtiyaz : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Bahasa Arab 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/im.v2i1.1258.
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Although Arabic and English comes from a different clumps, Arabic is included in the Semitic language family and still related to the Hebrew language, while English is included in Germanic or better known as Anglo Saxons, but there are also points of similarity between Arabic and English. The comparison between Arabic and English is more famous in the world and interested to discuss in order to facilitate Language Learning. In this article the author discusses the similarities and differences between Arabic and English in terms of pattern or structure of sentence formation
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Alwreikat, Emad Abedalaziz, and Kamariah Yunus. "THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS IN ARABIC AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 35 (June 5, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.535004.
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Arabic and English are derived from different language families. While Arabic belongs to the Semitic family, English belongs to Germanic languages (Alhaj, 2015). Consequently, these two languages are supposed to have dissimilar prepositional structures. The methodology used in this study to comprehend these variances and resemblances regarding prepositions in Arabic and English, the researcher conducted a comparative study among these two prepositional systems. The objective of this paper is not to prove or disprove this claim. Its main focus is finding out how this syntactic feature is dealt with in English and Arabic in general and the contrast in the use of prepositions in both languages. To achieve this aim, the research makes use of the English categories of prepositions and gives the Arabic equivalents, in some cases, there is no Arabic equivalent because English prepositions are more than Arabic ones.
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Dewey, Dan P., R. Kirk Belnap, and Rebecca Hillstrom. "Social Network Development, Language Use, and Language Acquisition during Study Abroad: Arabic Language Learners’ Perspectives." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 84–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v22i1.320.
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In this paper, we explore language use, social network development, and language acquisition by second learners of Arabic in Jordan and Morocco. Students in these programs reported speaking, listening to, and writing as much English as Arabic during study abroad, but they reported reading more Arabic than English. While patterns indicated similar levels of use of English and Arabic in general, questions focusing on learners' use of language with more familiar friends and acquaintances indicated learners thought they used Arabic more than English with these native friends. Regarding English language use, learners felt that speaking English with natives often created opportunities to interact in Arabic as well. Students’ Arab social networks tended to be small, but there was considerable variation in these networks. The closer their friendships with natives, the more likely students were to report gains in Arabic. English proficiency of friends and acquaintances in one’s social network, degree of friendship, and time spent speaking with people outside of this network predicted language proficiency development.
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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Arabic and English Loan Words in Bahasa: Implications for Foreign Language Pedagogy." Journal La Edusci 2, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallaedusci.v2i4.445.
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Many Arab students are currently pursuing their education at Malaysian institutions, and they have to study Bahasa Malaysia as a university requirement to be able to communicate with people in the local community. Therefore, this study aims to help Arab students learn Bahasa easily as Bahasa contains many loan words from Arabic and English. This article gives Arab students examples of Arabic and English loan words with which they are familiar and shows them the different phonological adaptations of Arabic and English loan words in Bahasa as the Arabic, English and Bahasa sound systems are different. A corpus of non-technical Malay words that are commonly encountered in public places in Malaysia was collected and analyzed. A contrastive analysis of Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay phonological systems was performed. Different homogenization processes are applied to Arabic and English loan words depending on the differences between Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay. Examples of Arabic loan words in Malay are: menara, Sabtu, Ahad, Akhir, tahniya. Examples of English loan words in Bahasa are: stesen, kelab, tren, kompleks, imigresen, destinasi. Further implications for learning Bahasa Malaysia by Arab students are given.
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Roig-Marín, Amanda. "Spanish Arabic loanwords in late Middle and early Modern English." SELIM. Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature. 25, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/selim.25.2020.173-185.
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The influx of Arabic vocabulary into English has received relatively scarce attention in the past: Taylor (1934) and Cannon Kaye (1994) remain classic lexicographical works, but few subsequent investigations have monographically tackled the Arabic lexical legacy in English. This article concentrates on the Spanish Arabic influence on English, that is, on Arabic-origin lexis specifically used in the Iberian Peninsula as well as on the vocabulary which was mediated by Spanish at some point in its history from Arabic to its adoption into the English language. It assesses two sets of data retrieved from the Oxford English Dictionary and examines the most frequent routes of entry into the English language (e.g. Arabic Spanish French English) and the larger networks of transmissions of these borrowings throughout the history of the language, with particular attention to the late medieval and early modern periods.
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Farghal, Mohammed, and Mohammed O. Al-Shorafat. "The Translation of English Passives into Arabic." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.8.1.06far.
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Abstract The study aims to check the intuitions reported in studies on the translation of English passives into Arabic against empirical data that consist of translations of English passive utterances as they naturally occur in an English text. It inquires into the linguistic strategies and resources that translators from English into Arabic fall back on when encountering passive utterances. It is shown that translators employ many strategies with this order of frequency: nominalization, adjectivalization, passivization, activization and pseudo-activization. It is also shown that the claim that Arabic does not tolerate agentive passives is inadequate, since Arabic translators use a variety offormal markers in translating English agentive passives. Thus, the study demonstrates that English passivization is predominantly structure-based, whereas Arabic passivization is predominantly semantics-based.
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Marranci, Gabriele. "“We Speak English”." Ethnologies 25, no. 2 (April 13, 2004): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008048ar.
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Abstract Language is an important identity marker and is often a symbol of immigrants’ resistance to assimilation within the host societies. Indeed, by speaking their own languages, immigrants in Europe develop their transnational identities and set up defensive boundaries against possible cultural homogenisations. This is particularly relevant for Muslim immigrants, since Arabic is both an identity and a religious symbol. In many European mosques, Muslims consider Arabic as the only acceptable language. In particular the khutbat [Friday sermon] should be written and read in Arabic. In contrast, Muslims in Northern Ireland, who have developed their ummah [community of believers] in the only mosque and cultural centre they have (located in the Northern Ireland’s capital, Belfast), have selected English as their main community language. In this article, the author analyzes the reasons that have brought this Muslim community to use English as a complex metaphor of their peculiar social-cultural position within Northern Irish society.
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Menacere, M. "Translating Arabic Into English: Basic Considerations in Word Order." Meta 40, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003628ar.
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Abstract This paper attempts to discuss the potential difficulties in translating Arabic into English with regard to word order. Arabic has a richer morphology than English and this enables morphological discrimination of surface grammatical relations in a way that is usually impossible in English. As a result, Arabic word order is freer than English with Arabic in general allowing any permutation of the major constituents without loss of grammatically or change in the basic cognitive meaning of the sentence. This paper looks at whether this flexibility in Arabic word order constitutes a translating problem.
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Dickins, James. "List restructuring in Arabic–English translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.4.04dic.
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This paper deals with the translation from Arabic to English of lists, i.e. phrases consisting of at least two, and typically three or more, noun phrases, adjective phrases, etc. which belong to a relatively coherent semantic field. Section 1 considers four standard techniques for translating Arabic semantic repetition into English: maintenance of repetition, merging, grammatical transposition, and semantic distancing. Section 2 defines listing as an extension of semantic repetition, and identifies basic listing structures in English and Arabic. Sections 3–3.5 look at techniques for translating Arabic lists into English on the basis of the first three translation techniques for semantic repetition discussed in Section 2. Section 3.1 looks at list retention (cf. maintenance of repetition), considering where this is and is not acceptable. Section 3.2 looks at list reduction/merging (cf. semantic merging). Sections 3.3–3.5 look at techniques which parallel grammatical transposition as a technique for translation semantic repetition: embedded coordination, as a form of subordination (Section 3.3), standard subordination (Section 3.4), and the combination of embedded coordination with standard subordination (Section 3.5). Section 3.6 considers summary definition, as a translation technique which goes beyond merging. Section 4 considers the significance of listing patterns in Arabic and English in the context of the more general preference in Arabic for coordination and in English for subordination. Section 5 raises the possibility that the preference for coordination in Arabic may correlate with a larger textual preference for ostensive presentation, while the preference for subordination in English may correlate with a larger textual preference for analytical summary. I suggest that, if true, this may give rise to translation issues which are effectively intractable.
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Jamal Mohammad Al-ZOUBI, Shatha. "PROBLEMS OF ARABIC WRITING FOR ENGLISH-SPEAKING LEARNERS OF ARABIC." Route Educational and Social Science Journal 7, no. 49 (January 1, 2020): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.2687.
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Alsudais, Abdulkareem. "Image Classification in Arabic: Exploring Direct English to Arabic Translations." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 122730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926924.
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Ahmed Almijrab, Ramadan. "The Essence of Arabic Rhetoric Contributions from Arabic-English Translation." International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijlll/rqpncnrn.
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In translation, the target text in general displays fewer linguistic variations than the source text, and its lexical and syntactic patterns incline to be copied, creating interference and standardization of the ST. Is a translation meant for audiences who are unable to comprehend the original text? Or is it saying the same thing again? These questions demonstrate the divergence of the audience in the domain of art. Yet any rendition, which tries to convey the function, cannot transmit anything but essential information. Does this mean that conveying the essential information represents the cause of inferior translation? Does the inferiority come as a result of the transfer of inaccurate content? This is the trademark of translationese. Is it true that traduttore, traditore? Does this really mean a translator is born not made? However, scholars engaged in a heated debate about what is generally regarded as the essential material of a literary work, what it contains in addition to information. Does it mean that we admit that literary work is profound and mysterious? Do we admit that literary work is poetic to the extent that it can only be reproduced by a translator only if he is also a poet? This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve its readerships. However, do we blame the translator if the original culture does not exist in the reader’s language and culture? In the present paper, we will attempt to lay a finger on the significance of achieving equivalence in literary translation within cultural implications that may block the translator. A primary of the place is assigned to البلاغة (Arabic rhetoric) as one of the cornerstones of Arabic.
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Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M. "Internal Consistency of an Arabic Adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory in Four Arab Countries." Psychological Reports 82, no. 1 (February 1998): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.1.264.
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An Arabic version of the revised edition of the Beck Depression Inventory in its complete form was developed. Back translation indicated the translation into modern standard Arabic was adequate. The cross-language equivalence of scores on the Arabic and English forms was .96, denoting high equivalence in meaning. Coefficients alpha were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Lebanon ( ns = 100, 80, 100, 100, respectively). Values of alpha were .77, .82, .89, and .67, respectively. By and large, the inventory seems viable in the Arabic context so its use in cross-cultural research may be explored.
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Mohammad, Saif M., Mohammad Salameh, and Svetlana Kiritchenko. "How Translation Alters Sentiment." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (January 20, 2016): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4787.
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Sentiment analysis research has predominantly been on English texts. Thus there exist many sentiment resources for English, but less so for other languages. Approaches to improve sentiment analysis in a resource-poor focus language include: (a) translate the focus language text into a resource-rich language such as English, and apply a powerful English sentiment analysis system on the text, and (b) translate resources such as sentiment labeled corpora and sentiment lexicons from English into the focus language, and use them as additional resources in the focus-language sentiment analysis system. In this paper we systematically examine both options. We use Arabic social media posts as stand-in for the focus language text. We show that sentiment analysis of English translations of Arabic texts produces competitive results, w.r.t. Arabic sentiment analysis. We show that Arabic sentiment analysis systems benefit from the use of automatically translated English sentiment lexicons. We also conduct manual annotation studies to examine why the sentiment of a translation is different from the sentiment of the source word or text. This is especially relevant for building better automatic translation systems. In the process, we create a state-of-the-art Arabic sentiment analysis system, a new dialectal Arabic sentiment lexicon, and the first Arabic-English parallel corpus that is independently annotated for sentiment by Arabic and English speakers.
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Adel Almahameed, Nusaiba, Renad Mohammad Abbadi, and Atef Adel Almahameed. "Between Languages and Cultures: Arabic into English Transliteration in English Travel Literature." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.6p.235.
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This essay aspires to examine the use of transliteration of some words and phrases from Arabic to English in travel literature books. This has been conducted by exploring the transliterated Arabic words and phrases, and comparing the different transliterations of the same words and phrases by different writers. It investigates the way that the travel writers employ in making plural nouns, the use of the definite article (Al) (ال), and Al-tashdid (the duplication of a letter). The conclusion drawn is that travel literature writers resort to transliteration for three reasons; one of the main reasons is that sometimes there is no one-to-one correspondence; the second main reason suggests that transliteration avoids the loss of meaning; and the third one stems from the fact that transliteration helps to find transculturation between cultures. The contributions of this essay would be of concern to scholars, who are interested in Arabic into English transliteration, specifically in English travel literature. According to the researchers’ knowledge, this essay can be considered a leading pioneer study in the field that deals with transliteration from Arabic into English in English travel literature.
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AlMurshidi, Ghadah. "The expression and conceptualization of motion through space and manner of motion in Arabic and English: A comparative analysis." International Journal of Literacy, Culture, and Language Education 2 (January 1, 2013): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijlcle.v2i0.26890.
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This paper is a comparative analysis of English and Arabic expressions of motion events using narratives of Chafe’s (1980) Pear Story elicited from native speakers of both languages. The native‐speaker English narratives were elicited by Feiz (2007). A discourse analytic approach is used to examine how speakers of Arabic and English indicate motion through path, manner, and ground. The data consist of 45 elicited oral narratives. The narratives are all based on Chafe’s (1990) Pear Film, which is a 6‐minute film with many characters, but no dialogue. Fifteen of these are in Arabic, fifteen in English by Arabic speakers, and fifteen in English by native English speakers. The findings of this study indicate that Arabic is a verb‐framed language (Talmy, 2007). It has a variety of path verbs such as yadheh “fall,” yamer “pass,” and yenzel “descend.” Furthermore, the stative verb is used frequently in Arabic by all the Arabic speakers to describe a static location (Feiz, 2007). The total number of uses of the stative verb in Arabic is 71 tokens. In addition, the verb yati “come” is used in Arabic to introduce newcomers, as it is in English (Feiz, 2007). However, the use of the manner verbs in Arabic, such as etkhardhaf “tumbles,” is rare. English is considered a typical satellite‐framed language. It has a large number of manner verbs (Slobin, 2003). Some deictic verbs are used with path satellites (e.g., comes along). Manner verbs are also used with path satellites (e.g., climb down and walk back). Multiple path satellites also appear in English (e.g., came down off and climbed back up in).