Academic literature on the topic 'Arabic language, dictionaries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arabic language, dictionaries"
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Yahya, Dhiauddin. "The Use of Dictionaries in Teaching Arabic language: A Descriptive Analytical Research paper on the Procedures of using Dictionaries in the Islamic Institutions in Aceh- Indonesia." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.3.1.16.
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This paper aims at: 1- Knowing the types of dictionaries in Arabic language, 2- Knowing the mostly used dictionarie at the Islamic institution in Aceh, and 3- showing how to use dictionaries in teaching Arabic language at the Islamic institutions in Aceh. The applied is the qualitative descriptive analytical approach is adopted.The paper concludes that dictionaries are divided according to subjects into three categories: linguistic, encyclopedic and historic dictionaries. According to the languages used, dictionaries are classified into Unilingual, bilingual and multilingual dictionaries. According to their subjects, dictionaries are classified into General, and special dictionaries and according to arrangement they are classified into alphabetic and subject dictionaries. As for form, they are classified into paper dictionaries and digital dictionaries.
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Sayyid Megawer Sakran, Megawer. "المستويات اللغوية في المعاجم الحديثة بين المحافظة والتطوّر." Jurnal CMES 11, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.11.1.25996.
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<p>Arabic scholars from the classical to the modern period paid attention to the disciplines of Arabic lexicography. A great attention was given to lexicography, which was fundamentally helpful for active users and speakers of the Arabic language since the era of Khalil bin Ahmad (786 AD) who wrote the Al-‘Ain dictionary to Ahmad Mukhtar Umar's (2003) period with his dictionary Muʻjamu al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Muʻāshirah. Modern linguistic studies then produce language levels found in Arabic dictionaries. This level of language is certainly different in the view of Arab lexicographers. Some see it from the perspective of a language level that includes syntax, morphology and phonology, mostly referred to by classical and modern dictionaries. Some others see the language levels typically a variety of languages ammiyyah (al-‘āmmī/colloquial Arabic) and various foreign languages (al-aʻjamī/foreign language). Both of these varieties have seized the attention of Arabic dictionaries through a number of explanations either explicitly or implicitly in these dictionaries. Language levels <br />additionally includes the treasure of language (turāts) literary works are assessed as the basic foundation for language users and reviewers. In addition to turāts, the level of spoken language used daily is also found in Arabic dictionaries. This language level undergoes articulation changes in a number of vocabularies in the form of changes at the vowel marks (charakat). This article outlines these four levels of language by modern Arabic dictionaries which aim to show the extent to which modern Arabic dictionaries make use of the classical Arabic lexicography paradigm and its contribution to the development of descriptions of language vocabulary for current language speakers and modern Arabic dictionary users.</p>
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Zinhom, Haithm, Mohammed Drif, and Manal Faraj Almarri. "An Arabic Lexical Platform: The Meta-linguistic Model." Migration Letters 21, S1 (December 22, 2023): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is1.5984.
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The dictionary is an essential foundation of language, as it preserves the fundamental structure of the language. However, the Arabic library in general, and the Arab world in particular, have suffered from a clear deficiency in the field of lexicography. Lexicographic studies have taken two approaches: the first focuses on revising the works of previous scholars, while the second examines the principles of modern lexicography and their availability in traditional Arabic dictionaries.
The advent of technology has exacerbated the problem, as it has facilitated the development and accessibility of many technological applications with non-Arabic languages, especially those written from left to right. This has led to the availability of linguistic dictionaries that enrich these languages. Meanwhile, the Arabic language and its lexicographers have lagged behind the goals achieved by their predecessors through their dictionaries. This has created a temporal gap that hinders the progress and adaptation of the Arabic language to advancements and technology, with the language being accused of difficulty and technological deviance.
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Patela, Rekson, and Ismail Fahri. ""إستخدام قاموس العربية العامة في ترجمة الكتب العربية "عند طلاب الجامعة الحكومية بجامبي." Al-Uslub: Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature 4, no. 02 (July 3, 2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/al-uslub.v4i02.56.
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In the Arabic language department in Jambi, there is an Arabic book translation activity that is done using Arabic dictionaries to know the meaning and Improve The Ability and Advice in using the dictionary. The activity of learning the procedure of opening a dictionary, searching for specific vocabulary and sentences by using dictionaries in the translation process. The targets/respondents of this study were students majoring in Arabic Language and Satra who were in Jambi college in The Class/Semester III and V. Data collection techniques by disseminating questionnaires, Observations, And Interviews. Data Analysis is done qualitatively. The results of this study found the difficulty and ease of Students in using Arabic dictionaries and Providing Improvement, knowledge, and advice to students on how to use dictionaries as translation tools for Arabic books. Through this research, the activity is intended as an Evaluation of The Proficiency of Arabic Language Students in Using dictionaries as translation tools. Thus, the result of the study is to know the establishment of students in using dictionaries as a translation tool for Arabic books
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Chouchen, Samed. "“Ceramic” in Arabic dictionaries and some foreign dictionaries In addition to specialized investigations." International Uni-Scientific Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.59271/s45296.024.1405.4.
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The term “ceramic” is still a problematic topic in the visual arts at the level of concept and terminology, specially at the level of what is related to the primary ceramic materials, its techniques, and its many and varied aesthetics. This requires putting some matters related to its connotations and meaning into perspective. For example, the word “porcelain” in the Arabic language needs some clarification, because of the generalizations it denotes, and what its synonyms mean in terms of similarity, difference, convergence, and contrast in meaning between the various dictionaries of the Arabic language, or between the dictionaries of neighboring languages of Greek and Latin origins. French, Italian, Greek, or even English itself. In view of the disparity in accuracy between Arabic dictionaries in particular, and the developments that have occurred in the concept of the word and its synonyms in them throughout the ages of the language, and the interaction between its systems and adjacent linguistic systems, it has become a necessity for research to monitor the differences in the uses of the word “porcelain” and its synonyms, in order to control Its connotations historically, and scrutinizing its concept linguistically and terminologically. In order to define this term, limit its meaning, and monitor the development that has occurred in the history of the Arabic language, this research relies on the most important Arabic dictionaries. By arranging them chronologically, he seeks to highlight similarities and differences historically, and the surrounding considerations that go back to the reality of employing the concept of “ceramics” and its fields and developments. To link the word to its era, this research refers to the dictionary and the history of its adoption in the language. The research seeks to monitor the diachronic contents of these dictionaries in order to clarify the similarities, differences, differences, and developments dictionary by dictionary, and chronologically according to chronological order.
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Al-Kuran, Mohammad. "Perceptions of Vowels and Consonants in Arabic and English: Implications for Translators and Dictionary Users." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1306.27.
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This paper investigates Arabic terms used as equivalents for English consonants and vowels. The Arabic terms, namely harf sakin (consonants) and harakat (vowels), are specifically tailored for the study of Arabic linguistic items. In bilingual dictionaries, Arabic terms do not truly reflect the linguistic realities represented by English vowels and consonants. The aim of the study is therefore to identify the linguistic realities that the Arabic terms represent within the Arabic linguistic environment. A sketch of contrastive analysis of vowels and consonants in English and Arabic helps in clarifying the linguistic meanings, which are absent from bilingual dictionaries. The findings of the study show that Arabic lexical equivalents are simply sense- indicators and thus not sufficient, as the totality of the conceptual meaning of the item is not provided in bilingual dictionaries. The study concludes by briefly discussing some of the study’s implications for translators and other dictionary users.
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Montanay, E. A. "History of the development ofdictionaries and dictionaries ofthe Turkic language." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 134, no. 1 (2021): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-134-1-122-129.
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The article provides a comprehensive scientific and theoretical study of the types of dictionaries and their use from the earliest times of the Turkic languages to the present day. After the adoption of Islam, Arabic and Persian became one of the most important languages. Later, with the development of science in the West, the use of Latin and Greek languages became a trend. The article describes the internal structure and features of dictionaries used in the Ottoman era and the Turkic world. It also explains the importance of dictionaries in the Chagatai language. Dictionaries ensure thepreservation ofthe country as a nation, the steady transfer ofthe spiritualriches of people to the future.The author considers that grammar books and dictionaries are two important factors that preserve the grammatical rules and system of the language. The dictionaries of a particular language are valuable historical monuments as a study of the nature of the language of that time, as evidence ofthe level ofdevelopment ofdoctrines, andauxiliarydata showing the activevocabulary ofthattime
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Mabrak, Sami. "Le dictionnaire historique arabe au service de la traduction juridique français – arabe." Traduction et Langues 21, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 246–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v21i1.886.
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The Arabic Historical Dictionary at the service of French - Arabic legal translation
Legal translation plays an important role today, especially in the context of open globalisation and intensive immigration. Translators working in the legal field increasingly require the deployment of translation tools that guarantee maximum scientific accuracy and transparency, such as dictionaries in general and legal dictionaries in particular. Through the compilation and publication of historical dictionaries, the legal translator will have access not only to the description of the language as it is used today, but also to the semantic and morphological evolution of its lexicon. Historical dictionaries are also a very important source for the cultural, social, economic, scientific and civilisational aspects of the use of the language in question in societies. Thus, lexicographers today are moving towards outsourcing the scientific tasks of compiling and deploying historical dictionaries in the various fields of human activity. Consequently, after being considered as end products for several decades, historical dictionaries are nowadays reusable and exploitable tools in many fields, such as the legal field, as our article shows. The present study analyses the added value of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language (DHLA) to French-Arabic legal translation. To do so, we applied an analytical and comparative method. We have constituted a corpus from terms related to civil status; more specifically in the field of marriage and divorce. In addition, we have used three other bilingual dictionaries of specialised language in the legal field in this study, namely The French - Arabic Legal Dictionary, Lexique des termes juridiques and Vocabulaire juridique. Thus, since our work focuses on French - Arabic legal translation, we used the online translator "Reverso" as a means of comparing the translation of civil status terms from French into Arabic. After analysing and comparing the definition and usage of these terms with their Arabic translation, we found that the French terms and their Arabic translation still do not refer to the same concepts and usages. We were able to explain this finding by the fact that the French civil status code reflects a Western culture and tradition expressed in French that is different and divergent from that expressed in Arabic via the civil status code in the Arab world. Moreover, by referring to the definitions of the Arabic translation of these terms, the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language reveals numerous elements of terminological and semantic divergence between the French terms and their Arabic translation. These elements of divergence, particularly on the semantic level, could lead to situations of injustice for the people concerned by the translation. Following this observation, the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language constitutes an indispensable tool to revise the current Arabic translation of French legal terms; to propose new lexies as translations for more terminological precision, more semantic clarity, consequently more fidelity and transparency in the field of translation of legal texts, and finally more justice in the application of these texts. Finally, the study also highlighted the possibility of exploiting the corpora of the French and Arabic historical dictionaries through the design of IT solutions ensuring interoperability between the lexicographical data of the two historical dictionaries. The online version of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic.
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H. Heliel, Mohamed. "Lexicography and Translation:The Case of Bilingual Arabic-English Dictionaries." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.3.1.5.
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The paper aims at pinpointing the defects in three unabridged Arabic English dictionaries: Modern Written Arabic (MWA) ( 1961), al-Mawrid (1988) and the latest one al-Mughni (1999). My hope is to remedy certain defects and help produce a dictionary that may assist the Arabic-English translator. It is true that the three dictionaries do not specifically set out the targeted readers or the functions they serve. MWA states that the targeted readers are not only 'English and American users but also orientalists throughout the world who are more at home with English than with German'. Al-Mawrid is totally silent about the targeted reader and the purpose it serves. Al-Mughni "aims to help in teaching Arabic through English, to help the reader through equivalents understand the Arabic language" (the preface). Though none of the compilers thinks of "translator" as a category of users, the three dictionaries, in the absence of an Arabic-English dictionary specially tailored for translators, are the only tools available for Arabic-English translators, whether native or non-native speakers. To improve the quality of these dictionaries and to benefit from the long and rich experience of their compilers, we shall illustrate different types of translation problems encountered by Arab university students as well as by translators and how these dictionaries could be used to solve them. We shall also provide suggestions for the improvement of certain lexicographic features directly related to translation..
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M. Ali al-Ubaidy, Sundus, and Mahdi I. Kareem Al-Utbi. "Approaches to Lexicography in English and Arabic." لارك 1, no. 7 (May 30, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol1.iss7.935.
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Lexicography, the art and craft of dictionary-making, is as old as writing. Since its very early stages several thousands of years ago, it has helped to serve basically the every-day needs of written communication among individuals in communities speaking different languages or different varieties of the same language. Two general approaches are distinguished in the craft of dictionary-making: the semasiological and the onomasiological. The former is represented by usually-alphabetical dictionaries as such, i.e. their being inventories of the lexicon, while the latter is manifested in thesauruses.
English and Arabic have made use of both approaches in the preparation of their dictionaries, each having a distinct aim ahead. Within the confines of each language, an approach may yield various trends as to, for instance, the arrangement of entries within a dictionary.
The present paper aims at distinguishing the various trends in writing dictionaries in both English and Arabic. By so doing, it is hoped that the bases on which variation has relied are arrived at in order to provide the appropriate explanations of how and why differences have followed. To achieve this aim, an expository critical account of the approaches to the compilation of monolingual dictionaries in English and Arabic is presented; reference to bi-lingual dictionaries is going to be made appropriately, however. These trends, or schools, within each approach followed a certain system in compiling its representative dictionaries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arabic language, dictionaries"
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Black, Kevin P. "Interactive Machine Assistance: A Case Study in Linking Corpora and Dictionaries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5620.
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Machine learning can provide assistance to humans in making decisions, including linguistic decisions such as determining the part of speech of a word. Supervised machine learning methods derive patterns indicative of possible labels (decisions) from annotated example data. For many problems, including most language analysis problems, acquiring annotated data requires human annotators who are trained to understand the problem and to disambiguate among multiple possible labels. Hence, the availability of experts can limit the scope and quantity of annotated data. Machine-learned pre-annotation assistance, which suggests probable labels for unannotated items, can enable expert annotators to work more quickly and thus to produce broader and larger annotated resources more cost-efficiently. Yet, because annotated data is required to build the pre-annotation model, bootstrapping is an obstacle to utilizing pre-annotation assistance, especially for low-resource problems where little or no annotated data exists. Interactive pre-annotation assistance can mitigate bootstrapping costs, even for low-resource problems, by continually refining the pre-annotation model with new annotated examples as the annotators work. In practice, continually refining models has seldom been done except for the simplest of models which can be trained quickly. As a case study in developing sophisticated, interactive, machine-assisted annotation, this work employs the task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL), which is to link each word token in a corpus to its correct dictionary entry. CDL resources, such as machine-readable dictionaries and concordances, are essential aids in many tasks including language learning and corpus studies. We employ a pipeline model to provide CDL pre-annotations, with one model per CDL sub-task. We evaluate different models for lemmatization, the most significant CDL sub-task since many dictionary entry headwords are usually lemmas. The best performing lemmatization model is a hybrid which uses a maximum entropy Markov model (MEMM) to handle unknown (novel) word tokens and other component models to handle known word tokens. We extend the hybrid model design to the other CDL sub-tasks in the pipeline. We develop an incremental training algorithm for the MEMM which avoids wasting previous computation as would be done by simply retraining from scratch. The incremental training algorithm facilitates the addition of new dictionary entries over time (i.e., new labels) and also facilitates learning from partially annotated sentences which allows annotators to annotate words in any order. We validate that the hybrid model attains high accuracy and can be trained sufficiently quickly to provide interactive pre-annotation assistance by simulating CDL annotation on Quranic Arabic and classical Syriac data.
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Yahiaoui, Abdelghani. "Conception et développement d'un outil d'aide à la traduction anglais/arabe basé sur des corpus parallèles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2042.
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Dans cette thèse, nous abordons la réalisation d’un outil innovant d’aide à la traduction anglais/arabe pour répondre au besoin croissant en termes d’outils en ligne d’aide à la traduction centrés sur la langue arabe. Cet outil combine des dictionnaires adaptés aux spécificités de la langue arabe et un concordancier bilingue issu des corpus parallèles. Compte tenu de sa nature agglutinante et non voyellée, le mot arabe nécessite un traitement spécifique. C’est pourquoi, et pour construire nos ressources lexicales, nous nous sommes basés sur l’analyseur morphologique de Buckwalter qui, d’une part, permet une analyse morphologique en tenant compte de la composition complexe du mot arabe (proclitique, préfixe, radical, suffixe, enclitique), et qui, d’autre part, fournit des ressources traductionnelles permettant une réadaptation au sein d’un système de traduction. Par ailleurs, cet analyseur morphologique est compatible avec l’approche définie autour de la base de données DIINAR (DIctionnaire Informatisé de l’Arabe), qui a été construite, entre autres, par des membres de notre équipe de recherche. Pour répondre à la problématique du contexte dans la traduction, un concordancier bilingue a été développé à partir des corpus parallèles Ces derniers représentent une ressource linguistique très intéressante et ayant des usages multiples, en l’occurrence l’aide à la traduction. Nous avons donc étudié de près ces corpus, leurs méthodes d’alignement, et nous avons proposé une approche mixte qui améliore significativement la qualité d’alignement sous-phrastique des corpus parallèles anglais-arabes. Plusieurs technologies informatiques ont été utilisées pour la mise en œuvre de cet outil d’aide à la traduction qui est disponible en ligne (tarjamaan.com), et qui permet à l’utilisateur de chercher la traduction de millions de mots et d’expressions tout en visualisant leurs contextes originaux. Une évaluation de cet outil a été faite en vue de son optimisation et de son élargissement pour prendre en charge d’autres paires de languesWe create an innovative English/Arabic translation aid tool to meet the growing need for online translation tools centered on the Arabic language. This tool combines dictionaries appropriate to the specificities of the Arabic language and a bilingual concordancer derived from parallel corpora. Given its agglutinative and unvoweled nature, Arabic words require specific treatment. For this reason, and to construct our dictionary resources, we base on Buckwalter's morphological analyzer which, on the one hand, allows a morphological analysis taking into account the complex composition of the Arabic word (proclitic, prefix, stem, suffix, enclitic), and on the other hand, provides translational resources enabling rehabilitation in a translation system. Furthermore, this morphological analyzer is compatible with the approach defined around the DIINAR database (DIctionnaire Informatisé de l’Arabe - Computerized Dictionary for Arabic), which was constructed, among others, by members of our research team. In response to the contextual issue in translation, a bilingual concordancer was developed from parallel corpora. The latter represent a novel linguistic resource with multiple uses, in this case aid for translation. We therefore closely analyse these corpora, their alignment methods, and we proposed a mixed approach that significantly improves the quality of sub-sentential alignment of English-Arabic corpora. Several technologies have been used for the implementation of this translation aid tool which have been made available online (tarjamaan.com) and which allow the user to search the translation of millions of words and expressions while visualizing their original contexts. An evaluation of this tool has been made with a view to its optimization and its enlargement to support other language pairs
Books on the topic "Arabic language, dictionaries"
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Koçak, Abit Yaşar. Handbook of Arabic dictionaries. Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler, 2002.
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Ernest, Kay, and Multi-Lingual International Publishers, eds. Arabic computer dictionary: English-Arabic, Arabic-English. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.
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Ernest, Kay, and Multi-lingual International Publishers, eds. Arabic military dictionary: English-Arabic, Arabic-English. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.
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Congress, Library of, ed. Arabic-English and English-Arabic dictionaries in the Library of Congress. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1992.
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Milton, Cowan J., ed. A dictionary of modern written Arabic: (Arabic-English). 4th ed. Ithaca, N.Y: Spoken Language Services, 1994.
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Adel, Ezzeldin, Leng Janet, and Lexus (Firm), eds. Arabic. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1991.
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E, Clarity Beverly, Stowasser Karl, and Wolfe Ronald G, eds. A Dictionary of Iraqi Arabic: English-Arabic. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 1991.
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R, Woodhead D., and Beene Wayne, eds. A Dictionary of Iraqi Arabic: Arabic-English. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Arabic language, dictionaries"
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Haywood, John A. "The Entry in Medieval Arabic Monolingual Dictionaries." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 107. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.12hay.
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Zayed, Omnia, Samhaa El-Beltagy, and Osama Haggag. "An Approach for Extracting and Disambiguating Arabic Persons’ Names Using Clustered Dictionaries and Scored Patterns." In Natural Language Processing and Information Systems, 201–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38824-8_17.
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Alaoui, Ahmed. "How equivalent is equivalence in Arabic‑English legal translation?" In Handbook of Terminology, 206–23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hot.3.how2.
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The objective of equivalence in translation is to assign equal meaning to legal terms in two languages, keeping the same legal effect based on the legal interpretation of the source legal culture. However, this ideal objective seems difficult to capture in Arabic-English legal translation because there are factors that mask key conceptual incongruence involved therein. This paper outlines the major factors that blind legal translators to the conceptual asymmetry between Islamic law and western law, namely historical shifts, functional approach and equivalence, the practice in the translation industry (translators, localizers and machine translation), as well as terminology resources (legal bilingual dictionaries). We will argue that a viable way to avoid masking conceptual asymmetries is to provide translators with well-organized term bases.
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Górska, Elżbieta. "Polish dictionaries of the Arabic language." In Essays in the History of Languages and Linguistics: Dedicated to Marek Stachowski on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, 279–95. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788376388618.13.
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The history of language and linguistics is based above all on material remnants and evidence contained in the literature of a given language. In this context the basic and crucial role is played by the true hoard of knowledge about this subject: dictionaries, lexica, thesauri and encyclopaedias. The development of the Arabic language and the stages of the interest in its particular layers may be traced to a great extent on the basis of the history of its lexicography. In the European context the achievements of Polish Arabists in this field remain almost unknown although they also contribute to the globally-conceived evolution of the Arabic language and are a part of its history. Therefore the author of this paper would like to present a collection of Polish dictionaries of the Arabic language, in an as comprehensive and up-to-date manner as possible, against the background of a brief outline of Arabic lexicographical thought, furnished with a concise commentary about both their content and the system of the arrangement of words. Presenting the philosophy of language that is favoured by the creators of dictionaries, the paper can be instructive for the potential users of the particular lexica. The author assumes that regardless of the ordering of information about the present state of the lexicographical achievements of Polish Arabists, it will perform the function of a sui generis guide to the resources associated with Arabic lexicography and phraseology which are available – both literary and dialectal ones – published in the Polish language. The systematic development of this kind of works indicates that there is a growing need of contact with the Arabic language, both at the basic level which enables simple communication and at the much more advanced, specialised level. The state of research in the field of Polish scholarship devoted to Arab studies in the 21st century clearly indicates a tendency to process dialectal vocabulary and phraseology that facilitates in a considerable way everyday communication in a given area whereas as far as the literary language is concerned, specialised lexica are developed that strive to take into account the issues associated with modernity – the dynamic growth of technology and globalisation. The general- purpose dictionaries of the literary language are become on-line resources, in the guise of an open formula that facilitates the running enhancement of the content with new lexemes and with new meanings of the existing ones that are attested by the context. It is also in this case that the root arrangement is no longer used – the enhancement of the resources of accessible knowledge at the expense of an in-depth analysis of structures and problems seems to be a sign of both modern times and modern Arabic lexicography.
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Considine, John. "The first printed dictionaries of English, French, and Latin." In Sixteenth-Century English Dictionaries, 27–49. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832287.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 turns from manuscripts to the first printed dictionaries: incunables and post-incunables. These include the short English-language wordlists associated with the ‘Boke of St Albans’; the first bilingual French and English wordlist, which may have been the work of William Caxton, and its successors by Giles Du Wes and others; some short early lists of legal terms and of Greek and Arabic words; the early printed editions of the Promptorium parvulorum and of a Latin dictionary with English glosses called the Ortus vocabulorum (with remarks on their circulation and their eventual obsolescence); some small schoolbooks in wordlist form; and some medical texts with lexicographical elements, notably herbals.
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Abouelgamal, Tarek. "How to create a language by describing it? Orientalists and pure colloquial Arabic." In Language Learning and Teaching in Missionary and Colonial Contexts. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728249_ch10.
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Diglossia is the framework commonly used to describe Arabic and a framework that Western universities follow to teach Arabic, despite major debates surrounding it. Native speakers of Arabic recognize the existence of two separate varieties, but they do not separate them when they effectively use the language, while the Western separation has resulted in a pedagogical product whose purpose is to help non-natives to acquire the pure dialectal language. This essay examines two colloquial Arabic textbooks: De Alcalá’s Arte (1505) and Jomier’s Manuel d’arabe égyptien (1965). The purpose is to contextualize these books (both written by members of Christian religious orders) in an attempt to understand their premises. The main finding of this research is that the grammatization process of this artificial language was built upon missionary ideology, a transcription system, and pedagogical materials like textbooks and dictionaries.
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Booth, Marilyn. "A Beckoning Compass, Circulating Lives: The Bustani Encyclopedia and Other Nineteenth-century Sources." In Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694860.003.0005.
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This chapter considers Fawwaz’s use of contemporary Arabic sources, notably the Arab world’s first modern encyclopedia (produced in the last quarter of the nineteenth century), a world history in Arabic, and contemporary magazines published in Egypt. Her use of these sources challenges scholars’ tendencies to categorise intellectuals of the time according to their origins and religious affiliations, for Fawwaz drew liberally on these works by Syrian Christian writers and reformers as well as briefly on a Turkish-language compilation. The chapter incorporates a study of the Bustani encyclopedia focusing on its treatment of biography as well as its articulated sense of readership, and its use of a modern apparatus of subject organisation and alphabetization, which Fawwaz followed to a large degree, while cleverly maintaining the sense of Islamic priority evident in early biographical dictionaries by placing Muhammad’s mother Amina at the very start of her volume. The chapter continues the analysis of the previous chapter of how Fawwaz appropriated and modified the contents and diction of her sources.
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Considine, John. "Wordlists with Hebrew, Arabic, and Armenian." In Sixteenth-Century English Dictionaries, 286–97. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832287.003.0013.
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Chapter 12 turns to the learned languages of the Mediterranean world and eastern Christianity. The first of these was produced by William Patten in 1570, in the course of his decipherment of an Armenian manuscript. Patten also produced a guide to Hebrew words in the English translation of the Bible, including many proper names. Another wordlist of biblical proper names was presented as one of the ‘concordances’ issued with an important English translation of the Bible, and a short Hebrew dictionary was published as part of John Udall’s Key of the holy tongue in 1593. The continental European book trade brought other Hebrew dictionaries to the British Isles. The Arabic dictionary of William Bedwell remained in manuscript.
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Zedan, Hussein, and Meshrif Alruily. "Crime Profiling System." In Handbook of Research on Threat Detection and Countermeasures in Network Security, 95–138. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6583-5.ch007.
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Digital forensics aims to examine a wide range of digital media in a “forensically” sound manner. This can be used either to uncover rationale for a committed crime and possible suspects, prevent a crime from taken place or to identify a threat so that it can be dealt with. The latter is firmly rooted within the domain of intelligence counter measures. The authors call the outcome of the analyses subject profiling where a subject can be a threat or a suspect. In this Chapter the authors outline a process for profiling based on Self-organizing Map (SOM) and evaluating our technique by profiling crimes using a multi-lingual corpus. The development and application of a Crime Profiling System (CPS) is also presented. The system is able to extract meaningful information (type of crime, location and nationality), from Arabic language crime news reports. The system has two unique attributes; firstly, information extraction depends on local grammar, and secondly, automatic generation of dictionaries. It is shown that the CPS improves the quality of the data through reduction where only meaningful information is retained. Moreover, when clustering, using Self Organizing Map (SOM), we gain efficiency as the data is cleansed by removing noise. The proposed system is validated through experiments using a corpus collated from different sources; Precision, Recall and F-measure are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed information extraction approach. Also, comparisons are conducted with other systems.
Conference papers on the topic "Arabic language, dictionaries"
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Alexandrova, Irina Leonidovna, and Marat Faritovich Nasrutdinov. "Service for hosting a collection of Tatar language dictionaries." In 25th Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2023”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2023-29.
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The experience of creating software for organizing and sharing Tatar language dictionaries is described. The project started in 2018 under the leadership of the Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the project is to create and develop a multifunctional electronic collection of Tatar language 4 dictionaries. The sources of the fund are language guides (previously presented only in paper form), created in previous years at the Institute of Language, Literature and Art. The fund contains dictionaries of various types: explanatory, bilingual and multilingual, general and particular, aspect. At the moment the collection contains 49 dictionaries. The article discusses the problems of organizing a search system and working with several alphabets (Cyrillic, Latin, Arabic), methods of markup in dictionaries to support end-to-end search across all sources.
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Halpern, Jack. "Applying Smartphone Technology to Compile Innovative Arabic Learner's Dictionaries." In 2012 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2012.26.
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"LMF Standardized Model for the Editorial Electronic Dictionaries of Arabic." In The 5th International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001737800640073.
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Zannrni, Imadin, Hema Hamza, and Laila Shareef. "Contemporary Arabic and English Idioms: Translating Difficulties and Strategies." In 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.932.
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Translation is prospering in Iraq in general and people have become more interested in translation due to the fact that Translation is a primary way of communication. Also, Translation has been a good business recently. Idioms are culturally specific and contain several cultural characteristics, translating idioms is difficult. The goal of this study is to have better understand the challenges faced by Translation Iraqi undergraduates while translating idioms. The researchers conducted a test to determine the problems and difficulties. 60 senior students from University of Mosul and Cihan University-Erbil in Iraq participated in the test most of them were females. The study concludes that incorrect translation resulted from lack of understanding the culture, the misuse of idioms dictionaries, and the lack of equivalence.
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Aljlayl, Mohammed, and Ophir Frieder. "Effective arabic-english cross-language information retrieval via machine-readable dictionaries and machine translation." In the tenth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/502585.502635.
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Abdul sattar DAWH, wisam, and Saad Abdul – sada SABAH. "THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATING THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL TERM FROM ARABIC INTO HEBREW." In VI. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress6-5.
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One of the important issue is that culture consist of a series and standards that acted upon by a group community who behave in the way that lies within arrange of specific issues (The source language) and logically for that is translated of the object language unless the translator has acultural and social back ground in the both languages. So that he can reformulate the text in manner compatible with the bilingualism into which the translation intended. Therefore, the aim of this research was to reveal the relationship between culture and translation and its importance in translating the Islamic cultural term Arabic into Hebrew. Research problem: Recent studies, along with the experinces of other researchers in the field of translation ,revealed that the translator possesses in not sufficient in many. times to understand the texts he is translating and Sometimes he may work to over come those difficulties. that he presents with the help of special sources for that , but at the time of translating some Islamic cultural terms, the return to those soures is not sufficient for the purpose , this is because there are no synonyms in the target language, and it remains difficult to translate, no matter how much the translator tries to search in dictionaries and encyclopedias. sti bue irottak cat bao sort fo Research importance: The importance of this research lies in revealing the benefit of the culture awareness of the translator through the reconstruction of the text from Arabic into Hebrew (The Islamic cultural term as model). Research aim: The aim of this research is to highlight the necessity of having an adequate mastery of the language into which the person is translating. In addition, this research aims to clarify the fact that culture and translation are among the most specific variations in human linguistic communications. Research methodology: The methodology of this research is based on the study of applied translation.