Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arabic language – Morphology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Arabic language – Morphology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Arabic language – Morphology"

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Badi, Rudayna Mohammed. "ENGLISH and ARABIC SIGN LANGUAGE PHONOLOGY and MORPHOLOGY." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 28, no. 9 (September 29, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.28.9.2021.24.

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This visual-manual modality is used in sign language to transfer meaning. Sign language is strongly related to manual groups of deaf people.Sign language is used by deaf people for a very long time, most written records about sign language trace based to the fifth century. Sign languages are seen as complex as many spoken language besides they are not real language as most people think. Sign languages are thought to be mime in some words, typical and arbitrary. It is not important for this type of language to have a visual relationship to their references. Spoken language is quite different from iconicity while the first is not onomatopoetic, the second is more systematic and more common use in sign language.
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Asli-Badarneh, Abeer, and Mark Leikin. "Morphological ability among monolingual and bilingual speakers in early childhood: The case of two Semitic languages." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 1087–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918781079.

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This study examines the possible effects of bilingualism, mother tongue and type of morphology on morphological awareness of Arabic- and Hebrew-speaking preschoolers (mean age – 5:4). Four groups of children participated in the study: (1) 50 Arabic-speaking monolingual speakers; (2) 50 Hebrew-speaking monolingual speakers; (3) 50 Arabic/Hebrew bilingual speakers; and (4) 50 Hebrew/Arabic bilingual speakers. Participants from the bilingual groups were sequential non-balanced bilingual speakers who started learning a second language at ages 3–4 in a bilingual Arabic/Hebrew kindergarten. All children performed two tasks on inflectional morphology and three tasks on derivational morphology in one or both languages. To examine inflectional morphology, domain plural nouns were chosen because of their linear nature in both Hebrew and Arabic and because inflectional plural-noun morphology is acquired very early. In derivational morphology, the focus was on the verbs because of their high token frequency, early acquisition compared to nominal morphology, and its importance for Semitic languages. The results demonstrate significant effects of mother tongue, bilingualism and type of morphology on the children’s performance. The better results were obtained in Hebrew-speaking monolinguals and in Arabic-speaking bilinguals. Monolingual Hebrew speakers performed better in Hebrew than Arabic-speakers did in Arabic. At the same time, Arabic-speaking bilingual children demonstrated significantly better results in Hebrew (second language) than Hebrew speakers did in Arabic (second language). Analysis of the findings also shows that differences in performance among the bilingual and monolingual groups seem to relate not only to psycholinguistic factors such as linguistic complexity but also to sociolinguistic factors (e.g. diglossia in Arabic).
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Boudelaa, Sami, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Olaf Hauk, Yury Shtyrov, and William Marslen-Wilson. "Arabic Morphology in the Neural Language System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (May 2010): 998–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21273.

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There are two views about morphology, the aspect of language concerned with the internal structure of words. One view holds that morphology is a domain of knowledge with a specific type of neurocognitive representation supported by specific brain mechanisms lateralized to left fronto-temporal cortex. The alternate view characterizes morphological effects as being a by-product of the correlation between form and meaning and where no brain area is predicted to subserve morphological processing per se. Here we provided evidence from Arabic that morphemes do have specific memory traces, which differ as a function of their functional properties. In an MMN study, we showed that the abstract consonantal root, which conveys semantic meaning (similarly to monomorphemic content words in English), elicits an MMN starting from 160 msec after the deviation point, whereas the abstract vocalic word pattern, which plays a range of grammatical roles, elicits an MMN response starting from 250 msec after the deviation point. Topographically, the root MMN has a symmetric fronto-central distribution, whereas the word pattern MMN lateralizes significantly to the left, indicating stronger involvement of left peri-sylvian areas. In languages with rich morphologies, morphemic processing seems to be supported by distinct neural networks, thereby providing evidence for a specific neuronal basis for morphology as part of the cerebral language machinery.
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Kasim, Amrah, Kamaluddin Abu Nawas, Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir, Yusriadi Yusriadi, and Asma Gheisari. "Bugis and Arabic Morphology: A Contrastive Analysis." Education Research International 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9031458.

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This study is aimed at (1) describing the process of word formation using al-ziyaadah and affixation in Bugis and Arabic, (2) revealing the meaning of al-ziyaadah and affixation in forming a word in Bugis and Arabic, and (3) analyzing the similarities and differences in substances produced by al-ziyaadah and affixations in Bugis and Arabic. The research applied the library research using a linguistic approach. The primary data was collected and identified through a textbook; then, the types of al-ziyaadah and the affixes in both languages were analyzed. The word forms that adhere to and have an affix were compared, and the final step is to make conclusions based on comparisons and explore some similarities and differences. This study results indicated that the process of word formation in Arabic through al-ziyaadah, namely, al-sawaabiq, al-hasyw, al-lawaahiq, and al-muzdawijah. Meanwhile, in the Bugis language, the process of word formation is through affixation. The types of affixes in the Buginese language are prefixes, infixes, suffixes, confixes, and affixes. The word formation process with al-ziyaadah and affixation is the same as al-sawaabiq and prefixes, al-hasyw and infix, al-lawaahiq and suffixes, and al-muzdawijah and confixes. Meanwhile, the combination of affixes only exists in the Buginese language. The formation of words through al-ziyaadah in Arabic and affixation in Bugis contain similarities and differences. The overall meaning produced by al-ziyaadah and affixation is ninety-eight meanings, al-ziyaadah generates thirty-six meanings, and affixations generate sixty-two meanings. This research could be a valuable reference for further researchers who want to study languages and prevent regional languages extinction in the modern era.
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Furoidah, Asni. "خَصَائِصُ الُلغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْفُصْحَى وَمَكَانَتُهَا فِيْ الدِّيْنِ الْإِسْلَامِيْ." Al-Fusha : Arabic Language Education Journal 1, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/alfusha.v1i2.348.

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Arabic is the best language and its name. It has characteristics that distinguish it from other language. The Arabic language has unique features and characteristics that are unique to other languages ​​in the historical, religious and cultural aspects, as well as the linguistic aspects of sounds, morphology, grammar, significance and rhetoric. Historically speaking, Arabic is one of the oldest and most ancient languages. It is the mother of the oldest languages. Religiously and culturally, Arabic is a sacred language in the heavenly religions that preceded Islam. Linguistic features such as phonetic, morphological, grammatical, lexical and semantic characteristics are many linguistic features. Classical Arabic has been distinguished from the language generated by expression. Classical Arabic becomes the language of literature and culture. Classical Arabic is the language of the Holy Qur›an that was revealed to our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and blessings and peace of Huda for the people. Arabic is the means of preserving the ideological and cultural heritage of the Arab Islamic nation.
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Dawood, Mohamed. "ATSAR AL-QUR’AN AL-KARIM FI AL-LUGHAH AL-‘ARABIYYAH FI DAU ‘ILM AL-LUGHAH AL-HADIS." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society 4, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/islimus.v4i1.1541.

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This article discussed the influence of the Quran on Arabic in the perspective of modern linguistics. With a linguistic approach, this article finds seven aspects of language that occur in the impact of the Quran on Arabic, namely: preservation of Arabic, the stability of Arabic, the unification of Arabic dialects, enrichment and development of Arabic, refinement of Arabic and the spread of Arabic. These seven linguistics aspects certainly make Arabic the only language in the world whose linguistic rules do not change, both in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax or semantics, which does not occur in any word in the world. In this world, there have been many languages that have died because of the death of their owners, or languages that are weak because of the weakness of their owners. This condition is different from Arabic, which is the language of the Quran. The language relations between Arabic and the Qur'an have made this language sustainable until then.
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Muthi Mufidah, Hasna, and Nofa Isman. "الزوائد في الأفعال في اللغة العربية واللغة الإندونيسية دراسة تقابلية تطبيقية." Rayah Al-Islam 4, no. 01 (April 28, 2020): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/rais.v4i01.318.

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This study aims to determine the affixes of verbs in arabic and indonesian language to find out the similiarates of two language from morphological, grammatical, and semantic aspects. And predict the diffuculties that faced by students. And prepare the learning materials that are appropriate for arabic language student in affixing araic and indonesia verbs based on the result of research. Thus study has reached the following results: first; they are 17 similarities and 69 differences between the arabic and indonesian language interms of morphology, grammatical and semantic, including changing the letters of the increase to six forms in the indonesian language, the triple verb that may be necessary exceeds its object, the terms have no special terms in the indonesian language, secondly; the existence of the expected obstacles due to the difference between the two languages, and the third; the application of a reciprocal study at the level of verbs plus in preparing an educational subject for indonesian learnes.
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Maabid, Abdelmawgoud Mohamed, and Tarek Elghazaly. "Theoretical and Computational Perspectives of Arabic Morphological Analyzers and Generators : Theoretical Survey." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 11 (November 30, 2014): 5126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i11.2782.

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Morphology analysis is an essential part of most applications of natural language processing (NLP) which included different applications like Machine Translation (MT) and language rule based Information Retrieval (IR). Many Arabic morphological systems had built for different purposes with different algorithms and approaches; this paper is considered a survey of Arabic Morphological system from researchers’ perspectives and approaches used to build them. Based on this survey; in the first part of this paper; the perspective of Arabic morphological systems had been classified into two major issues; one of them is the theoretical perspective and the second is the computational perspective of Arabic morphology. While the second part of this paper deals with approaches used to build the Arabic Morphology systems itself which are Table Lookup Approach, Combinatorial Approach, Linguistic Approach, Traditional Approaches, Finite-state Automata and Two-Level Morphology Approach and Pattern-Based Approach.
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Saipuddin and Abdurrahman Hilabi. "دراسة تقابولية بين اللغة العربية واللغة الإندونيسية على مستوى النعت والاستفادة منها في تعليم اللغة العربية للمبتدئين الإندونيسيين." Rayah Al-Islam 2, no. 01 (April 28, 2018): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/rais.v2i01.32.

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This study is aimed to know the adjectives between the Arabic language and Indonesian language in order to determine the similarities and differences among them in terms of morphology, syntax, and semantics, and then to predict the difficulties that will be faced by Indonesian students during the teaching activities, and then to propose a method of teaching based on the result of the contrastive study to teach Arabic language at the level of adjectives for beginner Students of Indonesian. This study uses the methodology of descriptive analysis to identify the characteristics of adjectives in Arabic and Indonesian, and then using the method of comparative analysis to compare Arabic and Indonesian language at the level of adjectives in order to obtain the similarities and differences between these both languages. The results of this research are: the first is there are similarities and differences of adjectives in Arabic and Indonesian in terms of morphology, syntax, and semantics, and the second is by this research can be used in preparing lessons and methods for teaching the Arabic language at the level of adjectives for the beginner students of Indonesian.
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Freynik, Suzanne, Kira Gor, and Polly O’Rourke. "L2 processing of Arabic derivational morphology." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2017): 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.12.1.02fre.

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Abstract The current study examined how non-native speakers process the highly productive derivational morphology of Arabic in which, in contrast to Indo-European languages, word formation involves interleaving a root and template structure. Previous research shows that native speakers of Arabic decompose morphologically complex words in lexical processing. Using cross-modal priming, the current study shows that non-native speakers of Arabic (L1 English) also decompose derived forms such that there is priming between words that share a common root which is not due to semantic or phonological overlap. In spite of the typological distance, native English speakers organize their L2 Arabic lexicons in a manner similar to native Arabic speakers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arabic language – Morphology"

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Ibn, Mas'ūd Aḥmad ibn 'Alī Åkesson Joyce. "Aḥmad b. ʻAlī b. Masʻūd on Arabic morphology, Marāḥ al-arwāḥ /." Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35562734w.

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McCarthy, John J. "Formal problems in Semitic phonology and morphology." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12106907.html.

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Hoffiz, Benjamin Theodore III. "Morphology of United Arab Emirates Arabic, Dubai dialect." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187179.

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This study is a synchronic descriptive analysis of the morphology of the Arabic dialect spoken by natives of the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Hereafter, the dialect will be abbreviated 'DD' and also referred to as 'the dialect' or 'this dialect'. The central focus of this study is the morphological component of DD as it interplays with phonological processes. Definitions of words are provided in the form of English glosses and translations, and are elaborated upon when the need calls for it. Layout of Chapters. This dissertation is presented in the following order. Chapter one is introductory. The historical background of the Arabic language and Arabic diglossia are discussed in this chapter. In the same vein, four descriptive models that treat the development of the Arabic dialects are discussed. The present linguistic situation in the U. A. E. is also touched upon. The aim of this research process and the methodology followed in it are also explained in it. Additionally, chapter one contains a review of the literature on Gulf Arabic, of which DD is a dialect, or subdialect, and a review of related literature. Chapter two deals with the phonological system of DD. It covers consonants and vowels and their distribution, in addition to anaptyxis, assimilation, elision, emphasis, etc. Morphology is treated in chapters three through six. The morphology of DD verbs, including inflection for tense, number and gender, is dealt with in the third chapter. Because DD morphology is root-based, the triliteral root system, which is extremely productive, is explained in some detail. Chapter four deals with the morphology of DD nouns, including verbal nouns, occupational nouns, nouns of location, etc. Noun inflection for number and gender is also discussed in this chapter. The morphology of noun modifiers is treated in chapter five. This includes participles, relative adjectives, positive adjectives and the construct phrase. Pronoun morphology, and the processes associated with it, are covered in chapter six. The seventh chapter is the conclusion. It delineates the limitations of this study and contains specific comments on observations made in the process of this research. The contributions of this dissertation and suggestions for further investigation and research are also discussed in chapter seven.
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Harrama, Abdulgialil Mohamed. "Libyan Arabic morphology: Al-Jabal dialect." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186157.

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This study deals with the morphological structure of one of Libyan Arabic varieties called al-Jabal Dialect of Libyan Arabic (JDLA). The main concern of this study is the morphological component of JDLA though a general overview of the phonological system along with major phonological processes have been presented and accounted for. Such a presentation of the phonological processes is justified by the fact that phonology and morphology do interplay greatly in many points in the grammar. This dissertation is the first study of JDLA. The presentation of this dissertation is conducted in the following way. Chapter I is an introduction. Chapter II deals in brief with the phonological system of the dialect. This includes the consonants and vowels, syllable structure, stress rules and the major phonological processes of JDLA. Phonological processes include syncope, epenthesis, assimilation, metathesis, vowel length, vowel harmony, etc. Chapter III introduces the morphology of verbs where the derivation and inflection of triliteral and quadriliteral verbs are presented in detail. This includes the derivational and inflectional processes of sound, doubled, hollow and defective verbs ... etc. JDLA morphology is a root-based morphology where different morphological categories are produced through the interdigitation of roots and vowels which might be accompanied by affixes. Such a process is a very productive method in word creation as has been pointed out in the main body of this work. Chapter IV is devoted to the morphology of nouns. The derivation and inflection of verbal nouns, instance nouns, unit nouns, feminine nouns, instrumental nouns, locative nouns, etc. are elaborated upon. Chapter V concerns with the morphology of adjectives. The derivational and inflectional processes of verbal adjectives, positive adjectives, elative adjectives and adjectives of color and defect are introduced and accounted for. Chapter VI deals with pronouns where independent and suffixed personal pronouns along with other pronouns have been dealt with. Chapter VII concludes the study by presenting the salient features of JDLA as well as recommendations for future research.
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Khaliq, Bilal. "Unsupervised learning of Arabic non-concatenative morphology." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53865/.

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Unsupervised approaches to learning the morphology of a language play an important role in computer processing of language from a practical and theoretical perspective, due their minimal reliance on manually produced linguistic resources and human annotation. Such approaches have been widely researched for the problem of concatenative affixation, but less attention has been paid to the intercalated (non-concatenative) morphology exhibited by Arabic and other Semitic languages. The aim of this research is to learn the root and pattern morphology of Arabic, with accuracy comparable to manually built morphological analysis systems. The approach is kept free from human supervision or manual parameter settings, assuming only that roots and patterns intertwine to form a word. Promising results were obtained by applying a technique adapted from previous work in concatenative morphology learning, which uses machine learning to determine relatedness between words. The output, with probabilistic relatedness values between words, was then used to rank all possible roots and patterns to form a lexicon. Analysis using trilateral roots resulted in correct root identification accuracy of approximately 86% for inflected words. Although the machine learning-based approach is effective, it is conceptually complex. So an alternative, simpler and computationally efficient approach was then devised to obtain morpheme scores based on comparative counts of roots and patterns. In this approach, root and pattern scores are defined in terms of each other in a mutually recursive relationship, converging to an optimized morpheme ranking. This technique gives slightly better accuracy while being conceptually simpler and more efficient. The approach, after further enhancements, was evaluated on a version of the Quranic Arabic Corpus, attaining a final accuracy of approximately 93%. A comparative evaluation shows this to be superior to two existing, well used manually built Arabic stemmers, thus demonstrating the practical feasibility of unsupervised learning of non-concatenative morphology.
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Sitrak, Sami J. "A description of 'aspectual' phenomena in Arabic." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2976.

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The present work is mainly concerned with a description of the morphological and syntactic analyses of the predicative aspectual phenomena in Modern Standard Arabic using Axiomatic Functionalism as its theoretical framework. The thesis consists of an introduction, three major parts, and a conclusion. The introduction deals with a brief overview of the Axiomatic Functionalist theory. Part one, which comprises four chapters, offers a brief account of the theoretical background of this work as well as presenting the predicative (verbal and non-verbal) aspectual phenomena in MSA. Chapter I discusses the term 'aspect', and the relation between lexical and grammatical aspect. Chapter II discusses the Arabic language, particularly the category of 'aspect'. Chapter III discusses the interaction between punctuality and aspect. Chapter IV is exclusively devoted to methodology; it explains an explanation of the essential and relevant theoretical notions in grammar, uniting the description to the theory. It also provides a step-by-step application of successive criteria for discriminating between morphological complexes and syntactic complexes. The second part (Chaps. V & VI), deals with morphological analysis. Chapter V analyses the category of verb in Arabic. For this purpose the following paradigms are set up: Verb-root, Aspect, Voice, Person, Gender, and Number. Each of these contains monemes which which are constituents of the verbal entity. These monemes commute with each other yielding a difference in the message conveyed. The chapter concludes that entities of the verb category in Arabic may contain the constituent monemes verb-root, perfective, imperfective, active, passive, first person, second person, third person, masculine, feminine, singular, dual, and plural. Chapter VI deals with the realisational as pect of the constituent monemes of the complex pleremes in chapter V. It also deals with the distribution of the allomorphs of the constituent monemes in question. Part three (Chaps. VII - IX), deals with the syntactic description of the aspectual phenomena in MSA. Chapter VII sets up the distributional unit (model) which accounts for the relations within the VPB syntagm. This chapter tests the adequacy of the model by establishing all the VPB syntagms which map onto it. These syntagms vary according to the type of the verbal nucleus in each of them, (transitive or intransitive and of what kind). It further deals with types of non-verbal nucleus I and the realisations of the predicative based syntagms (verbal and non-verbal). Chapter VIII deals in detail with the syntactic relations within the predicative syntagms. It also deals with the syntactic structures of various as pectual phenomena in MSA. Chapter IX discusses the syntactic relation within the functional syntagm in MSA which may form an immediate constituent in a predicative based syntagm. A final brief 'Conclusion' points out the need for further research and development in Axiomatic Functionalism in the field of "semantic syntagm-analysis".
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Neme, Alexis. "An arabic language resource for computational morphology based on the semitic model." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2013.

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La morphologie de la langue arabe est riche, complexe, et hautement flexionnelle. Nous avons développé une nouvelle approche pour la morphologie traditionnelle arabe destinés aux traitements automatiques de l’arabe écrit. Cette approche permet de formaliser plus simplement la morphologie sémitique en utilisant Unitex, une suite logicielle fondée sur des ressources lexicales pour l'analyse de corpus. Pour les verbes (Neme, 2011), j’ai proposé une taxonomie flexionnelle qui accroît la lisibilité du lexique et facilite l’encodage, la correction et la mise-à-jour par les locuteurs et linguistes arabes. La grammaire traditionnelle définit les classes verbales par des schèmes et des sous-classes par la nature des lettres de la racine. Dans ma taxonomie, les classes traditionnelles sont réutilisées, et les sous-classes sont redéfinies plus simplement. La couverture lexicale de cette ressource pour les verbes dans un corpus test est de 99 %. Pour les noms et les adjectifs (Neme, 2013) et leurs pluriels brisés, nous sommes allés plus loin dans l’adaptation de la morphologie traditionnelle. Tout d’abord, bien que cette tradition soit basée sur des règles dérivationnelles, nous nous sommes restreints aux règles exclusivement flexionnelles. Ensuite, nous avons gardé les concepts de racine et de schème, essentiels au modèle sémitique. Pourtant, notre innovation réside dans l’inversion du modèle traditionnel de racine-et-schème au modèle schème-et-racine, qui maintient concis et ordonné l’ensemble des classes de modèle et de sous-classes de racine. Ainsi, nous avons élaboré une taxonomie pour le pluriel brisé contenant 160 classes flexionnelles, ce qui simplifie dix fois l’encodage du pluriel brisé. Depuis, j’ai élaboré des ressources complètes pour l’arabe écrit. Ces ressources sont décrites dans Neme et Paumier (2019). Ainsi, nous avons complété ces taxonomies par des classes suffixées pour les pluriels réguliers, adverbes, et d’autres catégories grammaticales afin de couvrir l’ensemble du lexique. En tout, nous obtenons environ 1000 classes de flexion implémentées au moyen de transducteurs concatenatifs et non-concatenatifs. A partir de zéro, j’ai créé 76000 lemmes entièrement voyellisés, et chacun est associé à une classe flexionnelle. Ces lemmes sont fléchis en utilisant ces 1000 FST, produisant un lexique entièrement fléchi de plus 6 millions de formes. J’ai étendu cette ressource entièrement fléchie à l’aide de grammaires d’agglutination pour identifier les mots composés jusqu’à 5 segments, agglutinés autour d’un verbe, d’un nom, d’un adjectif ou d’une particule. Les grammaires d’agglutination étendent la reconnaissance à plus de 500 millions de formes de mots valides, partiellement ou entièrement voyelles. La taille de fichier texte généré est de 340 mégaoctets (UTF-16). Il est compressé en 11 mégaoctets avant d’être chargé en mémoire pour la recherche rapide (fast lookup). La génération, la compression et la minimisation du lexique prennent moins d’une minute sur un MacBook. Le taux de couverture lexical d’un corpus est supérieur à 99 %. La vitesse de tagger est de plus de 200 000 mots/s, si les ressources ont été pré-chargées en mémoire RAM. La précision et la rapidité de nos outils résultent de notre approche linguistique systématique et de l’adoption des meilleurs choix pratiques en matière de méthodes mathématiques et informatiques. La procédure de recherche est rapide parce que nous utilisons l’algorithme de minimisation d’automate déterministique acyclique (Revuz, 1992) pour comprimer le dictionnaire complet, et parce qu’il n’a que des chaînes constantes. La performance du tagger est le résultat des bons choix pratiques dans les technologies automates finis (FSA/FST) car toutes les formes fléchies calculées à l’avance pour une identification précise et pour tirer le meilleur parti de la compression et une recherche des mots déterministes et efficace
We developed an original approach to Arabic traditional morphology, involving new concepts in Semitic lexicology, morphology, and grammar for standard written Arabic. This new methodology for handling the rich and complex Semitic languages is based on good practices in Finite-State technologies (FSA/FST) by using Unitex, a lexicon-based corpus processing suite. For verbs (Neme, 2011), I proposed an inflectional taxonomy that increases the lexicon readability and makes it easier for Arabic speakers and linguists to encode, correct, and update it. Traditional grammar defines inflectional verbal classes by using verbal pattern-classes and root-classes. In our taxonomy, traditional pattern-classes are reused, and root-classes are redefined into a simpler system. The lexicon of verbs covered more than 99% of an evaluation corpus. For nouns and adjectives (Neme, 2013), we went one step further in the adaptation of traditional morphology. First, while this tradition is based on derivational rules, we found our description on inflectional ones. Next, we keep the concepts of root and pattern, which is the backbone of the traditional Semitic model. Still, our breakthrough lies in the reversal of the traditional root-and-pattern Semitic model into a pattern-and-root model, which keeps small and orderly the set of pattern classes and root sub-classes. I elaborated a taxonomy for broken plural containing 160 inflectional classes, which simplifies ten times the encoding of broken plural. Since then, I elaborated comprehensive resources for Arabic. These resources are described in Neme and Paumier (2019). To take into account all aspects of the rich morphology of Arabic, I have completed our taxonomy with suffixal inflexional classes for regular plurals, adverbs, and other parts of speech (POS) to cover all the lexicon. In all, I identified around 1000 Semitic and suffixal inflectional classes implemented with concatenative and non-concatenative FST devices.From scratch, I created 76000 fully vowelized lemmas, and each one is associated with an inflectional class. These lemmas are inflected by using these 1000 FSTs, producing a fully inflected lexicon with more than 6 million forms. I extended this fully inflected resource using agglutination grammars to identify words composed of up to 5 segments, agglutinated around a core inflected verb, noun, adjective, or particle. The agglutination grammars extend the recognition to more than 500 million valid delimited word forms, partially or fully vowelized. The flat file size of 6 million forms is 340 megabytes (UTF-16). It is compressed then into 11 Mbytes before loading to memory for fast retrieval. The generation, compression, and minimization of the full-form lexicon take less than one minute on a common Unix laptop. The lexical coverage rate is more than 99%. The tagger speed is 5000 words/second, and more than 200 000 words/s, if the resources are preloaded/resident in the RAM. The accuracy and speed of our tools result from our systematic linguistic approach and from our choice to embrace the best practices in mathematical and computational methods. The lookup procedure is fast because we use Minimal Acyclic Deterministic Finite Automaton (Revuz, 1992) to compress the full-form dictionary, and because it has only constant strings and no embedded rules. The breakthrough of our linguistic approach remains principally on the reversal of the traditional root-and-pattern Semitic model into a pattern-and-root model.Nonetheless, our computational approach is based on good practices in Finite-State technologies (FSA/FST) as all the full-forms were computed in advance for accurate identification and to get the best from the FSA compression for fast and efficient lookups
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AlQahtani, Saleh Jarallah. "The Structure and Distribution of Determiner Phrases in Arabic: Standard Arabic and Saudi Dialects." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35081.

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This thesis investigates the syntactic structure of determiner phrases (DP) and their distribution in pre- and postverbal subject positions in Standard Arabic (SA) and Saudi dialects (SUD). It argues that indefinite DPs cannot occupy preverbal subject positions unless they are licensed by modification. Working within the theory of syntactic visibility conditions (visibility of the specifier and/or the determiner) put forth by Giusti (2002) and Landau (2007), I propose that adjectives, diminutives or construct states (CS) together with nunation can license indefinite DPs in preverbal subject positions. The syntactic derivation of the licensed indefinite DP depends on its complexity. In other words, in the case of simple DPs (e.g., a noun followed by an adjective), the correct linear word order is achieved by the syntactic N-to-D movement which takes place in the syntax proper. By contrast, if the DP is complex as in diminutives or CSs, the narrow syntax may not be able to derive the correct linear order. Therefore, I propose a novel analysis that accounts for the mismatches between the spell out of the syntax and the phonological form. I argue that the derivation of diminutives and CSs is a shared process between the narrow syntax and the phonological component (PF). I show that movement operations after-syntax (Lowering and Local-dislocation) proposed by Embick and Noyer (1999, 2001, 2007), in the sense of Distributed Morphology (DM), can account for the mismatch. The last theoretical chapter of the thesis investigates the linguistic status of nunation. I argue that nunation is an indefinite marker that performs half of determination with a full lexical item satisfying the other half. As far as the subject position is concerned, the current thesis includes two experimental studies that investigate processing of syntactic subjects in different word orders (SVO/VSO) by two groups: Native speakers (NSs) and Heritage speakers (HSs) of Arabic whose dominant language is English. The first study aims to answer two questions: a) which word order is more preferred by NSs, SVO or VSO? and b) which word order requires more processing? The second study aims to answer the same questions but with different participants, HSs. It also aims to check whether or not the dominant language grammar affected the heritage language grammar. Results showed that VSO is more preferred than SVO by both groups. As far as processing is concerned, NSs significantly processed subjects in VSO faster the SVO; they showed no significant difference when processing postverbal subjects in definite and indefinite VSO. By contrast, HSs processed subjects in SVO faster than VSO; however, the difference was not significant. The slow processing of VSO shown by HSs might be attributed to the effect of the dominant language which has a different word order from the heritage language.
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Hamrouni, Nadia. "Structure and Processing in Tunisian Arabic: Speech Error Data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195969.

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This dissertation presents experimental research on speech errors in Tunisian Arabic (TA). The central empirical questions revolve around properties of `exchange errors'. These errors can mis-order lexical, morphological, or sound elements in a variety of patterns. TA's nonconcatenative morphology shows interesting interactions of phrasal and lexical constraints with morphological structure during language production and affords different and revealing error potentials linking the production system with linguistic knowledge.The dissertation studies expand and test generalizations based on Abd-El-Jawad and Abu-Salim's (1987) study of spontaneous speech errors in Jordanian Arabic by experimentally examining apparent regularities in data from real-time language processing perspective. The studies address alternative accounts of error phenomena that have figured prominently in accounts of production processing. Three experiments were designed and conducted based on an error elicitation paradigm used by Ferreira and Humphreys (2001). Experiment 1 tested within-phrase exchange errors focused on root versus non-root exchanges and lexical versus non-lexical outcomes for root and non-root errors. Experiments 2 and 3 addressed between-phrase exchange errors focused on violations of the Grammatical Category Constraint (GCC).The study of exchange potentials for the within-phrase items (experiment 1) contrasted lexical and non-lexical outcomes. The expectation was that these would include a significant number of root exchanges and that the lexical status of the resulting forms would not preclude error. Results show that root and vocalic pattern exchanges were very rare and that word forms rather than root forms were the dominant influence in the experimental performance. On the other hand, the study of exchange errors across phrasal boundaries of items that do or do not correspond in grammatical category (experiments 2 and 3) pursued two principal questions, one concerning the error rate and the second concerning the error elements. The expectation was that the errors predominantly come from grammatical category matches. That outcome would reinforce the interpretation that processing operations reflect the assignment of syntactically labeled elements to their location in phrasal structures. Results corroborated with the expectation. However, exchange errors involving words of different grammatical categories were also frequent. This has implications for speech monitoring models and the automaticity of the GCC.
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Heintz, Ilana. "Arabic Language Modeling with Stem-Derived Morphemes for Automatic Speech Recognition." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275053334.

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Books on the topic "Arabic language – Morphology"

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Gadalla, Hassan A. H. Comparative morphology of standard and Egyptian Arabic. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2000.

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The word in Arabic. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

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Wall, A. E. Morphology and grammar analysis program for the Arabic language. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1989.

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Formal problems in Semitic phonology and morphology. New York: Garland, 1985.

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Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed. Paradigms of Arabic verbs for Windows and Macintosh. London: MSA Publication, 1996.

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ʻIlm al-ṣarf al-mutaqaddim li-aghrāḍ ʻilmīyah: Dirāsah fī al-fiʻl wa-abniyatihi wa-dalālatihi wa-azminatihi min khilāl shawāhid al-Qurʼān. Kuwālā Lambūr: al-Jāmiʻah al-Islāmīyah al-ʻĀlamīyah bi-Mālīziyā, 2004.

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Jubūrī, ʻAbd Allāh. Min dirāsat al-ṣiyagh al-ʻArabīyah: Fāʻūl ṣīghah ʻArabīyah ṣaḥīḥah : dirāsah wa-muʻjam. Baghdād: al-Majmaʻ al-ʻIlmī, 2001.

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Yāsīn, Muḥammad Ḥasan Āl. Masāʼil lughawīyah fī mudhakkirāt majmaʻīyah. Baghdād: Maṭbaʻat al-Majmaʻ al-ʻIlmī al-ʻIrāqī, 1992.

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Dirāsāt fī ʻilm al-ṣarf. 3rd ed. al-ʻAzīzīyah, Makkah al-Mukarramah: Maktabat al-Ṭālib al-Jāmiʻī, 1987.

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Ḥafṣ, ʻUmar Ibn Abī. Fatḥ al-Laṭīf fī al-taṣrīf ʻalá al-Basṭ wa-al-taʻrīf: Kitāb nafīs fīhi abḥāth daqīqah fī fann al-ṣarf lil-ṭalabah wa-al mutakhaṣaṣṣīn. Bin ʻAknūn, al-Jazāʾir: Dīwān al-Maṭbūʻāt al-Jāmiʻīyah, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arabic language – Morphology"

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Habash, Nizar Y. "Arabic Morphology." In Introduction to Arabic Natural Language Processing, 39–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02139-8_4.

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Mansouri, Fethi. "4. Agreement morphology in Arabic as a second language." In Cross-Linguistic Aspects of Processability Theory, 117–53. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.30.06man.

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Benmamoun, Elabbas. "5. The role of the imperfective template in Arabic morphology." In Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, 99–114. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.28.05ben.

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Zhao, Helen, and Yasuhiro Shirai. "Arabic learners’ acquisition of English past tense morphology." In Tense and Aspect in Second Language Acquisition and Learner Corpus Research, 112–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.108.ijlcr.17006.zha.

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Heath, Jeffrey. "6. Arabic derivational ablaut, processing strategies, and consonantal “roots”." In Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, 115–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.28.06hea.

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Ravid, Dorit. "14. A developmental perspective on root perception in Hebrew and Palestinian Arabic." In Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, 293–319. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.28.14rav.

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Shaalan, Khaled, Marwa Magdy, and Aly Fahmy. "Morphological Analysis of Ill-Formed Arabic Verbs for Second Language Learners." In Applied Natural Language Processing, 383–97. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-741-8.ch022.

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Arabic is a language of rich and complex morphology. The nature and peculiarity of Arabic make its morphological and phonological rules confusing for second language learners (SLLs). The conjugation of Arabic verbs is central to the formulation of an Arabic sentence because of its richness of form and meaning. In this research, we address issues related to the morphological analysis of ill-formed Arabic verbs in order to identify the source of errors and provide an informative feedback to SLLs of Arabic. The edit distance and constraint relaxation techniques are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed system in generating all possible analyses of erroneous Arabic verbs written by SLLs. Filtering mechanisms are applied to exclude the irrelevant constructions and determine the target stem which is used as the base for constructing the feedback to the learner. The proposed system has been developed and effectively evaluated using real test data. It achieved satisfactory results in terms of the recall rate.
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Azmi, Aqil, and Nawaf Al Badia. "Mining and Visualizing the Narration Tree of Hadiths (Prophetic Traditions)." In Applied Natural Language Processing, 495–510. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-741-8.ch029.

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Hadiths are narrations originating from the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad. Each hadith starts with a list of narrators involved in transmitting it. A hadith scholar judges a hadith based on the narration chain along with the individual narrators in the chain. In this chapter, we report on a method that automatically extracts the transmission chains from the hadith text and graphically displays it. Computationally, this is a challenging problem. Foremost each hadith has its own peculiar way of listing narrators; and the text of hadith is in Arabic, a language rich in morphology. Our proposed solution involves parsing and annotating the hadith text and recognizing the narrators’ names. We use shallow parsing along with a domain specific grammar to parse the hadith content. Experiments on sample hadiths show our approach to have a very good success rate.
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Kornfilt, Jaklin. "Turkish and the Southwestern Turkic (Oghuz) languages." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 392–410. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0025.

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The Southwestern (Oghuz) branch of Turkic consists of languages that are largely mutually intelligible, and are similar with respect to their structural properties. Because Turkish is the most prominent member of this branch with respect to number of speakers, and because it is the best-studied language in this group, this chapter describes modern standard Turkish as the representative of that branch and limits itself to describing Turkish. The morphology of Oghuz languages is agglutinative and suffixing; their phonology has vowel harmony for the features of backness and rounding; their basic word order is SOV, but most are quite free in their word order and are wh-in-situ languages; their relative clauses exhibit gaps corresponding to the clause-external head, and most embedded clauses are nominalized. Fully verbal embedded clauses are found, too. The lexicon, while largely Turkic, also has borrowings from Arabic, Persian, French, English, and Modern Greek and Italian.
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Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A., and Karen De Clercq. "From negative cleft to external negator." In Cycles in Language Change, 228–48. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824961.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the diachronic development of the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic negator lāw, which developed from the univerbation between the sentential negator and agreement morphology in negative clefts. Whereas the semantics of negative clefts is retained in the new negator, their biclausal structure is replaced by a monoclausal one with lāw merged in the clausal left periphery. The negator then takes propositional scope and expresses the meaning of external negation (‘it is not the case’). Syntactically, it is merged in SpecFocP in the extended CP-domain, argued to host English negative DPs/PPs and wh-words. Finally, the chapter extends the analysis to Sicilian neca, opening up the route to consider the development of an external negator from a negative cleft as a path of change that has hitherto been left unexplored. This chapter also demonstrates how a similar semantic interpretation associated with two different syntactic structures can be a trigger for syntactic reanalysis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Arabic language – Morphology"

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Vergyri, Dimitra, Katrin Kirchhoff, Kevin Duh, and Andreas Stolcke. "Morphology-based language modeling for arabic speech recognition." In Interspeech 2004. ISCA: ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-495.

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Helmy, Muhammad, Dario De Nart, Dante Degl'Innocenti, and Carlo Tasso. "Leveraging Arabic morphology and syntax for achieving better keyphrase extraction." In 2016 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2016.7876001.

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Tawfik, Ahmed, Mahitab Emam, Khaled Essam, Robert Nabil, and Hany Hassan. "Morphology-aware Word-Segmentation in Dialectal Arabic Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the Fourth Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4602.

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Zollmann, Andreas, Ashish Venugopal, and Stephan Vogel. "Bridging the inflection morphology gap for Arabic statistical machine translation." In the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1614049.1614100.

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Magdy, Walid, and Kareem Darwish. "Arabic OCR error correction using character segment correction, language modeling, and shallow morphology." In the 2006 Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1610075.1610132.

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Marzi, Claudia, Ouafae Nahli, and Marcello Ferro. "Word processing for Arabic language: A reappraisal of morphology induction through adaptive memory self-organisation strategies." In 2014 Third IEEE International Colloquium in Information Science and Technology (CIST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cist.2014.7016626.

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