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1
Sahib Mehdi Ali, Abdul. "A study of antonymous and synonymous couplings in Arabic with reference to translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2004): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.4.05sah.
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Abstract This paper discusses a particular type of Arabic word combinations, where basically two words, either antonyms or synonyms, are coordinated in fixed phrases or ‘coup lings’ that are of frequent occurrence in the language. Depending on whether the semantic relationship between the component parts of a given coupling is one of antonymy or synonymy, the study identifies two subtypes of these phrases, namely ‘Antonymous Couplings’ and ‘Synonymous Couplings’, respectively. Both types of couplings are here subjected to a close examination with a view to pointing out their main characteristics and identifying the various types of constraints governing the positioning of their components in relation to each other. The study also sheds light on some cross-linguistic similarities and differences of these couplings, their relevance to human experience, and their translatability from one language into another. It is concluded: (i) that both types of couplings are characterized by brevity, forcefulness, symbolism, and structural harmony; (ii) that the particular order in which the two components of a given coupling are arranged is not haphazard; rather it is governed by one or more of a number of considerations; (iii) that both types of couplings lend themselves well to functional and dynamic translation due to the fact that the pairing of words in such couplings is a linguistic universal, which in turn is attributable to the similarity of human experience. Résumé Cet article traite d’un type particulier de combinaisons de mots en arabe, dans lesquelles deux mots, soit antonymes, soit synonymes, sont associes dans des phrases fixes ou jonctions., qui apparaissent frequemment dans la langue. Selon que la relation semantique entre les composants d’une jonction donnee est du type antonyme ou synonyme, l’etude identifie deux sous-types de phrases, a savoir respectivement, les jonctions d’antonymes. et les .jonctions de synonymes. Les deux types de jonctions font ici l’objet d’un examen approfondi, en vue de montrer leurs caracteristiques principales et d’identifier les differents types de contraintes qui regissent la position de leurs composants les uns par rapport aux autres. L’etude eclaire egalement certaines similitudes et differences inter-linguistiques de ces jonctions, leur rapport avec l’experience humaine et leur traductibilite d’une langue a l’autre. Elle conclut en disant que: (i) les deux types de jonctions se caracterisent par la concision, la vigueur, le symbolisme et l’harmonie structurelle ; (ii) l’ordre particulier dans lequel se trouvent les deux composants d’une jonction donnee n’est pas du au hasard, mais il est plutot determine par une ou plusieurs considerations; (iii) les deux types de jonctions se pretent bien a la traduction fonctionnelle et dynamique, en raison du fait que le groupement de mots dans ces jonctions est un univers linguistique qui, a son tour, est attribuable a la similitude de l’experience humaine.
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Al- Farra, Amaal Kamal. "Lexemes and Semantic Relations in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.10.4.
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Communicating via language is an important property of human beings. Usually one does not think of the relations between words. But from linguistic perspective, the words are not single units. They are linked to each other by semantic and formal relations. The focus of this paper is on different lexemes in English and Arabic. So, this research aims to investigate the major errors which EFL students encounter by the misuse of different lexemes. This is achieved through using the elicitation instrument by implementing two tests. A pretest and a posttest for the sixth-grade students. First the students face problems in dealing with homonyms, synonyms, antonyms and homophones as a result of negative interference between the two languages, Arabic and English. After extensive training the students get good results. They are able to overcome the ambiguity of these lexemes. This shows the importance of learning lexemes in both languages as this simplifies the communication and identifies the areas of ambiguity.
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Al-Ghazalli, Mehdi Falih. "Translation Assessment of Temporal Succession of Events in Narrative Discourse from Arabic into English." Studies in English Language Teaching 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2014): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v2n4p367.
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<em>The present paper aims at investigating the lexical and grammatical means by which events in written texts are temporally sequenced in standard Arabic and Standard English. Temporal succession refers to the chronological order of events which is signalled typically by conjunctions, tense, aspect, synonyms, antonyms, time adverbials and prepositions. The researcher built his study on two hypotheses: firstly, both languages tend to use the same lexico-grammatical devices to achieve the succession concerned. Secondly, translating Arabic temporal connectives, found in narrative texts, into English seems to pose rendition difficulties which can be attributed to grammatical and discoursal differences between the two languages. The results of the contrastive analysis conducted by the researcher have proved that the two languages partially employ the same lexico-grammatical connectives to maintain the temporal sequence of actions and events. However, unlike English, Arabic employs some coordinators as time connectives. As for the translation assessment, it has been found out that in Arabic literary texts, time connectives have not been accurately translated. This has been particularly in evidence as far as Arabic coordinators (as time connectives) are concerned.</em>
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Jaeni, Muhamad. "ILM AL DALALAH WA DAURUHU FI FAHM AL NUSHUSH AL ARABIYYAH." ALSINATUNA 1, no. 2 (March 7, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/alsinatuna.v1i2.796.
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One of the most difficult things in learning Arabic language is understanding the structure of the text. It may caused by the complication of its structure and also the complex meaning of each word. Consequently, knowing the meaning of a word is very important in understanding an Arabic language text. Therefore, there is a branch of Arabic language which specifically discusses about meaning, called semantics. One of the discussions is about the field of meaning such as synonym, antonym, polysemy, etc. They have important role in understanding sentence structure of a text. Therefore, learning semantics is an obligation for those who want to be able to understand Arabic language text well.
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Charles, Walter G., Marjorie A. Reed, and Douglas Derryberry. "Conceptual and associative processing in antonymy and synonymy." Applied Psycholinguistics 15, no. 3 (July 1994): 329–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400065929.
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AbstractRecent models of antonymy differ over the involvement of associative and conceptual connections in the representation of direct and indirect antonyms. To assess these models, subjects were presented with two sequential adjectives. In the first study they made relatedness judgments, and in the second study they made antonym and synonym judgments. Conceptual processes were manipulated by varying semantic distance, and associative processes were manipulated by varying lexical markedness. Judgments were fastest for direct antonyms, even when compared to synonyms of similar relatedness. Although judgments for synonyms were faster than for indirect antonyms, semantic distance and markedness had similar effects on these word classes. These results suggest that direct antonymy may utilize associative connections, but that indirect antonymy, like synonymy, relies primarily on conceptual connections.
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Masterson, Julie J., Lea Helen Evans, and Mark Aloia. "Verbal Analogical Reasoning in Children With Language-Learning Disabilities." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 1 (February 1993): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3601.76.
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This study was designed to explore the influences of both cognitive and linguistic abilities on verbal analogy completion. School-age children classified as language-learning disabled were administered five types of verbal analogies: synonyms, antonyms, linear order, category membership, and functional relationship. The performance of the children with language-learning disabilities was compared with one group of normally developing children matched for mental age and another group matched for language age. Results indicated that the group matched for mental age performed better than the other two groups on all types of analogies. Although they had significantly higher mental ages, the children with language-learning disabilities did no better than the language-matched group on any analogy type except antonyms.
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Hassanein, Hamada, and Mohammad Mahzari. "A taxonomy of antonymy in Arabic: Egyptian and Saudi proverbs in comparison." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0013.
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Abstract This study has set out to identify, quantify, typify, and exemplify the discourse functions of canonical antonymy in Arabic paremiography by comparing two manually collected datasets from Egyptian and Saudi (Najdi) dialects. Building upon Jones’s (2002) most extensive and often-cited classification of the discourse functions of antonyms as they co-occur within syntactic frames in news discourse, the study has substantially revised this classification and developed a provisional and dynamic typology thereof. Two major textual functions are found to be quantitatively significant and qualitatively preponderant: ancillarity (wherein an A-pair of canonical antonyms project their antonymicity onto a more important B-pair) and coordination (wherein one antonym holds an inclusive or exhaustive relation to another antonym). Three new functions have been developed and added to the retrieved classification: subordination (wherein one antonym occurs in a subordinate clause while the other occurs in a main clause), case-marking (wherein two opposite cases are served by two antonyms), and replacement (wherein one antonym is substituted with another). Semicanonical and noncanonical guises of antonymy are left and recommended for future research.
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Motina, O. P., and A. S. Titlova. "DIFFICULTIES OF INTRODUCING PARONYMIC UNITS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING." Main problems of modern linguistics 12, no. 12 (2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2075-535x-2020.02.29-068-071.
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The article reveals the difficulties concerning mixing cognate paronymic units in students studying a foreign language. The causes of the erroneous use of consonant words are considered and the examples of such false associations are given. Criteria of distinguishing between paronymy and related semasiological phenomena of homonymy, synonymy and antonymy are defined; this enables us to conclude the practicability of introducing paronyms semanticizing them through synonyms and antonyms.
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Boeva-Omelechko, Natalya B. "Antonymy in an Advertising Slogan." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-2-21-28.
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The relevance of this work is due to the priority of such research areas as pragmalinguistics, the theory of persuasion, the theory of antonymy and the linguistics of creativity, as well as the need of further investigation of expressive potential of antonymy in extremely popular advertising texts. The purpose of this work is to analyze the types of lexical, morphological, syntactic and text-based antonyms involved in creating advertising slogans in Russian and English linguistic cultures. According to the results of the analysis of empirical material, these types include lexical systemic and individual author’s antonyms, antonymic postpositions, prepositions, grammatical forms representing categorical oppositions, inter-part-ofspeech antonyms, utterances based on antonymic models, words and phrases semantically equivalent to antonyms that form oppositions in a coherent text. Special attention is paid to the pragmatics of slogans with antonyms and to the language game performed with the help of antonyms of different types, as well as to the sources of creating individual author’s antonyms (words with peripheral antonymic semes, words with different spheres of use and emotional and expressive coloring, synonyms that turn into antonyms, precedent phenomena). The author comes to the conclusion that the creators of slogans try in every possible way to make unusual antonymic oppositions filled with a new meaning.
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Kotova, Marina Yu, and Olga V. Raina. "Towards a linguistic vision of the world at the paremiological level of language." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 3 (2020): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.309.
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This article examines the thematic groups of the Russian paremiological minimum of Grigoriy Permyakov, and its reflection in various foreign paremiological corpora, to support the idea of the specifics of a linguistic picture of the world at the paremiological level of language. The authors’ collections of Slavonic proverbs from 2000–2019 are utilized. The work applies the approach of contrastive paremiological studies promulgated by Valeriy Mokienko, in order to demonstrate the systematic characteristics of the paremiological level of expression: polysemantic, currently synonymous (70 groups) and antonymous (30 groups) Russian proverbs. Some proverbs are found in several synonymous and/or antonymous pairs: from our database, the total number of proverbial synonyms is 195 out of 500 proverbs, and of proverbial antonyms 83 out of 500 (as a result, approximately 39% of our Russian paremiological minimum are in a synonymous relationship and approximately 17% of proverbs are in an antonymous relationship). The authors conclude that the synonymous proverbs appear in all 12 groups of our thematic classification of Russian proverbs and the antonymous Russian proverbs appear in 10 thematic chapters out of 12. It is proposed that the thematic subgroups, containing synonyms or/and antonyms, are the dominating segments of the Russian proverbial representation of the world, which highlight the most important sides of the Russian conception of life embodied in proverbs.
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Khalilova, T. "Integration Teaching the Kyrgyz Language in the Kyrgyz Literature." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/55.
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The article provides an example of the integration of antonyms, synonyms, homonyms in the Kyrgyz language. The novel The White Steamboat is analyzed. It has been established that many topics in Kyrgyz literature coincide with those of the Kyrgyz language and can be integrated. Any topic in the Kyrgyz language can be carried out by linking them to topics in Kyrgyz literature. If you teach students, comprehensively educating and guiding them into the future, through the integration of works of art, there will be an opportunity not only to interest students in learning, but also the possibility of education.
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Mendesheva, Meerim. "Systemic Lexicosemantic Connections of the Adjective Rich in English." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v116.
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The purpose of this article is to describe the meaning of the adjective rich and its systemic connections in the linguocultural aspect. Tasks: 1) determine the lexicosemantic variants of the adjective rich; 2) identify its synonyms and antonyms; 3) compare the semes of the adjective rich presented in different dictionaries. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that the English linguistic worldview includes a certain area associated with linguocultural ideas about wealth that is represented by the adjective rich and its synonyms and antonyms. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the semes of the adjective rich are considered in terms of linguistic worldview and the theory of mentality. The research material was selected from modern authoritative English dictionaries. The main methods used here are the method of component analysis of vocabulary definitions, descriptive method using interpretation and generalization techniques, comparative method, and elements of the linguocultural method. The analysis showed that the adjective rich in the English language has 34 semes, which can be combined into 8 thematic groups: 1) person: ‘someone/person/people’, ‘endowed’, ‘have’, ‘possessions’, ‘contain’; ‘entertainment’, ‘(highly) amusing’, ‘(highly) developed’; 2) material wealth: ‘(a lot of) money/material wealth/property’, ‘(financially) profitable’, ‘remunerative’, ‘valuable/high value’; 3) abundance: ‘lush/abounding/abundant’, ‘a high standard of living’, ‘supplied’; 4) perception: ‘colour’, smell/fragrance’, ‘sound/tone’, ‘taste’; 5) something material: ‘(natural) substance’, ‘food (with fat/oil/eggs/sugar)’, ‘plant/nutrients’; 6) resources: ‘combustion’, ‘source’; 7) evaluation: ‘attractive/magnificently impressive/pleasant’, ‘beautiful’, ‘good’, ‘(highly) productive’, ‘(highly) varied’, ‘useful’; 8) quality: ‘complex’, ‘pure/nearly pure’, ‘percentage’, ‘quality’. In addition, 26 synonyms and 4 antonyms of the adjective rich were identified.
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Shoaei, Mojtaba. "A Review of Shahriar's Persian Divan Words." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0706.07.
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The main objective of this study is to review the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Divan linguistically. He has spent a lot of time on creating literary style. His works still maintain its artistic effects. His literary speech still interests every reader to be curious about the history of the evolution of literary form of Persian language. As this is the first study that has been done in the field of the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Persian Divan, Persian Philology categories have been fully presented, the verbal and semantic characteristics of Persian vocabulary reservoir are reflected. Throughout the divan, synonyms have a distinctive feature. Other categories of words such as antonyms, kinds of figures of speech, allusions, simile, metaphor, bilingualism are of important subjects. Selection of the appropriate rhymes is evident in Divan. Shahriar's Divan has also been reviewed linguistically by studying its meaningful examples of poetry. In this study, the volumes published in 2006 have been used. Selecting proper rhymes is evident in Divan. Using antonyms creates various positions and occasions in stylistics.
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Lubis, Torkis. "الترادف عند اللغويين و الأصوليين." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v5i1.6144.
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Synonyms are words that have the same meaning in other words the same language. The language and the ushul fiqh have a view memorize the phenomenon of synonyms. The reality is that synonyms are found in Arabic, Al-Qur 'an and Al-hadith. Some experts view that it can be a word in the order of sentences replaced by synonyms, except da! am case of Al-Qur'an. Hi it's because the Qur'an, pronunciation and its meaning are Allah's revelations, read it worship.
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Rutkovska, Kristina. "NAMAS ‘house’ and NAMAI ‘home’ in the Lithuanian Language and Culture." Lietuvių kalba, no. 10 (December 15, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2016.22594.
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The Lithuanian picture of house/home is deeply rooted in folk tradition – the ideal home is the rural home of a person’s childhood. In Lithuanian, there are two expressions that are used to designate the concept, the singular namas – which dictionaries tersely define as a building – and the plural namai, which stands for a broader space and a family staying together. The author discusses synonyms (and quasi-synonyms), antonyms (accenting the opposition between familiarity and strangeness), derivatives and collocations of these words. She reports the results of a questionnarie, which show that namas/namai is often mythicised as a paradise on earth, with the important motif of returning home. Proverbs keep guard over patriarchal relations in the family and portray home as a stronghold. Journalistic texts introduce the concept of a cosmopolitan home, open to the world. The features of the Lithuanian base picture of namas/namai are discussed according to the basic semantic aspects: social, psychosocial (sacralisation of home), mental, physical and functional (home as a shelter protecting individuals from the strange world they fear). Two profiles of the Lithuanian home are identified in the study: a romantic rustic profile grounded in the lasting relationship with the family, and a European, intelligentsia profile located wherever there are (any) people.
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Akbar, Sadeeq, Shams ul Islam, and Muhammad Uzair Yousaf. "Test Phobia of IELTS and its Remedy." Global Language Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2017(ii-i).07.
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English acquisition as a second language (ESL) has been a Herculean task for students generally. When it comes specifically to IELTS, it seems to be the most difficult assessment of life because students’ level of English do not meet the IELTS requirements due to incorrect local practices; either due to unconducive environment or social factors for which the best way out is rephrasing the text, getting used to standard English, majoring appropriate use of tense, lack of familiarity with standard accents. Hence, presentation of opinions and variety of vocabulary with it aspects of synonyms and antonyms produce a better result in scoring respectable bands in IELTS.
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Salamucha, Agnieszka. "The Concept of Inclusion in the Context of Sustainable Development." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.2.08.
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The article presents a semantic analysis of the concept of inclusion, which – treated as the central category for Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations) – requires further definition. Initially, I outline the history and etymology of the word inclusion, provide various contexts of its use in Polish common language and in the academic area, take a closer look at the word family as well as synonyms and antonyms of the term inclusion (especially exclusion). Next, I explore functions of the concept of inclusion (descriptive, explanatory, normative) and problems regarding the concept. The conclusion contains four types of referents of the term inclusion.
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Raszewska-Żurek, Beata. "O dwóch znaczeniach i jednym wartościowaniu leksemu czystość (na tle niektórych wyrazów pokrewnych i antonimów)." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (September 25, 2015): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.005.
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On the double meaning and single evaluation of the Polish lexeme czystość as compared with selected synonyms and antonyms This article is dedicated to evolution of both meanings of lexeme czystość – physical, meaning cleanness and ethical meaning purity with its’ evaluation. Both of them orginate from Praslavic language. For better understanding of its’ meanings adjective czysty, antonyms nieczystość, nieczysty, brud and brudny were taken into analysis.Ethical meaning of czystość as morality, righteousness was used commonly in Praslavic language and widely documented during the XVIth Century. It described wide range of positive meanings including sexual purity which became a dominant one. Despite of that fact czystość had great value and was described by positive epithets. It resulted from religious terminology and was one of the importancies in human life. Positive valuing of czystość in ethical meaning (purity) has not changed during next centuries but the way of expressing it has. Czystość described commonly known virtues like czystość serca, czystość zamiarów, czystość intencji, czystość obyczajów. Wide spectrum of understanding it as a virtue resulted in describing other accepted and positive values. Nowadays czystość as a virtue is used less common probably because of it’s pathetic overtone. Throughout the polish language history positive evaluation of purity was strongly underlined by its’ antonyms like nieczystość and transforming into ethical meaning brud.Physical meaning of czystość, rarely recorded because of the saced character of first documents (dominant ones) has not changed over the centuries. Nowadays this meaning become dominant. It resultes from cultural changes and orientation on hygienic style of life – physical czystość (hygiene) is connected with comfort, wellness and health. Unchengable positive meaning of physical czystość resultes from it’s strong antonym brud (dirt) which highly evokes sickness and repulsion.
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Frolova, O. E. "About the language of scientific research." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.78.2.147-154.
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The article examines the relationship between the words foundation, purpose, truthfulness, reliability, truth, falsehood, which make up the logical-verbal framework of scientific research. In order to avoid misunderstandings between the author and the addressee, they must obey the convention that the words of the literary language and the highly specialized and logical terms have the same meanings. The author and addressee must also agree on how the chain of reasoning is constructed and understood. The word foundation is the basis, the support of reasoning, the word goal is the image of the result. The adjective reliable can only refer to verified information, proven fact. The words truthful and reliable are not synonyms and cannot be used interchangeably without prejudice to the meaning of the statement. The concept of truth is interpreted as the correspondence of the statement to extralinguistic reality. The article shows the difference between the meanings of the words truth and falsehood in everyday and scientific discourses, these words in everyday language are antonyms, and in the language of logic they include an intermediate link when the truth is not proven.
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Harrán, Don. "Elegance as a Concept in Sixteenth-Century Music Criticism*." Renaissance Quarterly 41, no. 3 (1988): 413–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861755.
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”… et vere sciunt cantilenas ornare, in ipsis omnes omnium affectus exprimere, et quod in Musico summum est, et elegantissimum vident … “Adrian Coclico, Compendium musices (1552)The notion of music as a form of speech is a commonplace. Without arguing the difficult questions whether music is patterned after speech or itself constitutes its own language, it should be remembered that the main vocabulary for describing the structure and content of music has been drawn from the artes dicendi. The present report deals with a small, but significant part of this vocabulary: the term elegance along with various synonyms and antonyms borrowed from grammar and rhetoric and applied to music, in a number of writings, from classical times onwards.
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Abu Alrob, Hassan. "The phenomenon of the multiplicity of synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v7i1.69.
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The prevalence of the colloquial dialect today is a serious phenomenon that affects the entity of the classical language and makes it a difficult foreign system even within its Arab borders. Therefore, this study comes to examine an important issue, namely, the reluctance to use the Arabic pronunciation, and the use of colloquial synonyms. Therefore, this study is entitled: "The multiple linguistic synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language". The first study discusses the efforts of modern researchers in the case of colloquialism and philology, and the second one clarifies the terms of language and dialect. The third is the phenomenon of the multiplicity of the colloquial synonyms of the literal term, which is the main goal of this study, and the conclusion of the research within the descriptive methodology.
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Abu Alrob, Hassan. "The phenomenon of the multiplicity of synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v7i1.69.
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The prevalence of the colloquial dialect today is a serious phenomenon that affects the entity of the classical language and makes it a difficult foreign system even within its Arab borders. Therefore, this study comes to examine an important issue, namely, the reluctance to use the Arabic pronunciation, and the use of colloquial synonyms. Therefore, this study is entitled: "The multiple linguistic synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language". The first study discusses the efforts of modern researchers in the case of colloquialism and philology, and the second one clarifies the terms of language and dialect. The third is the phenomenon of the multiplicity of the colloquial synonyms of the literal term, which is the main goal of this study, and the conclusion of the research within the descriptive methodology.
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Elsayed, Eman Karam. "Enhancement Electronic evaluation for Semantic Arabic Oral Exam." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 4 (January 29, 2015): 5607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v14i4.1961.
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From the importance of knowledge in the speech, we knew the importance of oral exam. So in this paper we integrated BOW (Bag of Word), LSA(Latin Semantic Analysis), ASR (automatic speech recognition), zero crossing rate, and Ontology based approach to automate the online oral exam especially in Arabic language with take into consideration the authentication problem. Our proposal method faced many challenges in Arabic language because there isn't semantic dictionary like WordNet in English and HowNet in Chinese. Also Arabic language has complicated synonyms. Our proposal can help improving meaningfulness. Finally, the proposed method in this paper didn't forget automation the feedback for determining learning disability
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Kaczmarek, Hanna. "Similaritäts- und Kontrastrelationen in einem Lernerwörterbuch. Lemmatisierungsschwierigkeiten." Germanica Wratislaviensia 142 (January 11, 2018): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0435-5865.142.15.
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Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, aufgrund der kontrastierenden Analyse der gewählten Wörterbuchartikel aufzuzeigen, welche Lexeme in den gängigen deutschen Lernerwörterbüchern als Synonyme bzw. Antonyme fungieren und wie diese lemmatisiert werden. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die bei den paradigmatischen Austauschklassen stehenden Informationen dem potentiellen fremdsprachigen Wörterbuchbenutzer bei möglichen Fragestellungen weiterhelfen können.Similarity and Contrast in Learner’s DictionariesThe author carries out a contrastive analysis of some entries selected from monolingual learner’s dictionaries. The analysis shows which linguistic items function as synonyms and antonyms in commonly used dictionaries and how they are lemmatized. Moreover, the corpus analysis indicates the extent to which the definitions of paradigmatically related entries may help foreign language learners to correctly choose and use appropriate lexemes.
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Kuzina, Viktorija. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHILD LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2016): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1407.
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Childhood is the basis for both life and language acquisition. The child language is greatly influenced by the language environment – parents and other family members, teachers, as well as movies, TV and radio broadcasting, theatre performances, books. Meanwhile exploring the world and characterizing it, the child gradually acquires the skill to use in its language synonyms, antonyms, phraseology, comparisons, learns to understand foreign origin words used on daily basis, etc.In order to establish, which factors are influencing positively the child language development, a questionnaire was worked out. Students, general education school teachers, as well as the preschool education teachers completed the questionnaire. The research on the factors influencing the children's language development was accomplished in the framework of the Norwegian project in 2015. The results of the questionnaire and opinion polls prove, the childhood stage is very significant in the child language development, and really great is the responsibility of adults (parents and teachers), to ensure that this process develops as valid, interesting and exciting for the child. One of the conditions for successful acquisition of the Latvian language vocabulary stock is the example shown by the speech of adults. The use of illiterate language must also be eliminated from schools, mass media, etc.
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Malinova, Anna, and Olga Rahneva. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST QUESTIONS USING MATHEMATICA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 17, 2017): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.794.
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This paper describes a computer algebra-aided generation of two types of English language tests, which further develops our recent work in this domain. The computer algebra system Wolfram Mathematica significantly advances the process of English language testing and assessment. The automatic generation of questions allows us to create a large set of equivalent questions of a certain topic based on a small amount of input values. This reduces authoring time during test creation, avails application of equal criteria and a fair assessment, and decreases the influence of subjective factors. In our previous work, we proposed methods for automatic generation of English language test questions. These were aimed at evaluating the students’ knowledge of lexical and grammatical structures found in the text using test questions that involved matching words and their meaning, matching parts of the whole, and finding synonyms, antonyms, and generalizations or specializations of words. This paper provides new methods for the automatic generation of English language test questions. This includes generating questions for testing the students’ knowledge of adverbs and adjectives, as well as word formation, especially with negative forms of adjectives.
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Asakr, Ali. "An English -Arabic Real Time System (EARS)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2016): 6898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v15i7.1533.
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Researchers, international traders, and politicians necessitate a common interactive language to deal and keep their work secure. Using a direct language translator enables customers to deal with others, each one uses his own mother languages. This machine fulfills security, and confidence. The translation machines include in their memories, databases for synonyms, and vocabularies for the bi- languages. This system may be used in teleconferences and international political committees. This paper presents a modular system that translates Arabic to English and English to Arabic (AE-EA) via a real time interactive system. This necessitates standard references for Speech to Text (ST) , Text to Speech (TS) and Text to Text Translators (TTT). The paper test statistically, the accuracy of transformation, it gave encourageous results. Â
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Jiménez Jiménez, Antonio F. "A Comparative Study on Second Language Vocabulary Development: Study Abroad vs. Classroom Settings." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 19, no. 1 (November 15, 2010): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.276.
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This paper aims to achieve a better understanding of the process of vocabulary acquisition in both classroom and study abroad contexts. For this purpose, a three-word association test was developed in order to assess both learners’ vocabulary size and depth of lexical knowledge (that is, synonyms, antonyms, metaphors, collocates, frequency of use, metonyms, etc.). The test was distributed among six groups, three of which were comprised of students of Spanish at different university levels, without any experience abroad. The fourth group consisted of L2 learners who had been in study abroad programs in Spanish speaking countries for a period time of five months. A cluster of high proficiency L2 speakers of Spanish formed the fifth group. The sixth group, the control group, was comprised by native speakers of Spanish. The results suggest that classroom instruction does not offer the appropriate language experience to foster lexicon development either in size or in-depth of vocabulary knowledge. In contrast, study abroad students experiences an increase in both levels of vocabulary knowledge.
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Huang, Chun‐Che, and Chia‐Ming Kuo. "The transformation and search of semi‐structured knowledge in organizations." Journal of Knowledge Management 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673270310492985.
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Knowledge is perceived as very important asset for organizations and knowledge management is critical for organization competitiveness. Because the nature of knowledge is always represented as complex and varied, it is difficult to extend effectiveness of knowledge re‐use in organizations. In this article, an approach based on the Zachman’s Framework to externalize organizational knowledge into semi‐structured knowledge is developed, and eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is applied to transform the knowledge into documents. In addition, latent semantic indexing (LSI), which is capable of solving problems of synonyms and antonyms, as well as improving accuracy of document searches, is incorporated to facilitate search of semi‐structured knowledge (SSK) documents based on user demands. The SSK approach shows great promise for organizations to acquire, store, disseminate, and reuse knowledge.
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Stevanovic, Jelena, and Emilija Lazarevic. "On certain aspects of the semantic development of younger primary school-age children." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 46, no. 2 (2014): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1402299s.
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The ability to understand the meaning of words and sentences is an important determinant of the language development, which also indicates the development of the ability to learn. Bearing this in mind, the research was aimed at studying the level of semantic development of younger primary school-age children. Semantic development was studied from the aspect of understanding the meaning of words and their use in the following lexical relations: homonyms, antonyms, synonyms and metonyms. The research was conducted in three Belgrade primary schools during the school year 2013/2014. The sample was convenient and included 431 second- and third-grade pupils. The Semantic test (by S. Vladisavljevic) was used in the study. Research results showed that none of the pupils had provided the correct answer to all administered tasks. The best scores were achieved on the part of the test referring to antonyms, while the pupils were least successful on the tasks referring to metonyms. Additionally, third-grade pupils were more successful than younger participants, while there were no differences according to gender. The results indicated that it was necessary to devote more attention to different lexical and semantic exercises at preschool and early school age, considering the link between semantic development, the acquisition of reading and writing skills and the (un)successful mastering of the school curriculum in the majority of subjects.
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Pirverdieva, Julia, Karina Neganova, and Nonna Pelevina. "Computer-Based Teaching of Lexis in Primary School." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001116.
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The article deals with the use of modern computer technologies in the lexical skills formation in primary school students at the foreign language lessons. The work describes the author’s computer-based methods, which include a developed website with a various list of exercises and tasks at the stage of using vocabulary (variant-situational stage): exercises for controlling of vocabulary (correlate words with translation, connect pairs of synonyms or antonyms, and find a definition of a foreign word), thematic crosswords and interactive testing. Also within the framework of the website, we developed a descriptive electronic dictionary with hyperlinks to the context. Various children’s fairy tales were offered as contexts in English. In order to confirm the research hypothesis, an experiment was conducted. The results of the experiment allowed the authors to justify the use of modern ICT at foreign language lessons in order to increase the level of lexical skills of primary school students.
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Lemghari, El Mustapha. "Metaphorical blending in complex proverbs." Metaphor and the Social World 11, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.19004.lem.
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Abstract Metaphor-based accounts of expressions involving a set of metaphors do not indicate how complex meaning is generated. For instance, meaning of the expression ‘this surgeon is a butcher’ is taken to arise from one metaphor: a person who performs actions with certain characteristics is a member of a profession known for those characteristics (Lakoff, 2008). But this metaphor does not explain its negative meaning. Blending Theory, in contrast, offers a convincing solution to this issue. Notwithstanding, it regards the expression as nonmetaphorical. I aim to combine Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory into a broad approach that best describes complex metaphorical expressions. I will apply it, first, to ‘this surgeon is a butcher’ and, second, to a pair of related proverbs: ‘God is in the details’ and ‘the devil is in the details’. Meanings of these proverbs will be assumed to emerge from three integration networks. Each operation uses two metaphors as inputs and yields a blend, comprising a new metaphor and a coded illocutionary force. The new metaphor structures their meanings, whereas the illocutionary force determines their conditions of use. The proverbs will be shown to behave, paradoxically, both as synonyms and antonyms.
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Nahar, Khalid, Ra’ed Al-Khatib, Moy'awiah Al-Shannaq, Mohammad Daradkeh, and Rami Malkawi. "Direct Text Classifier for Thematic Arabic Discourse Documents." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/3/13.
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Maintaining the topical coherence while writing a discourse is a major challenge confronting novice and non-novice writers alike. This challenge is even more intense with Arabic discourse because of the complex morphology and the widespread of synonyms in Arabic language. In this research, we present a direct classification of Arabic discourse document while writing. This prescriptive proposed framework consists of the following stages: data collection, pre-processing, construction of Language Model (LM), topics identification, topics classification, and topic notification. To prove and demonstrate our proposed framework, we designed a system and applied it on a corpus of 2800 Arabic discourse documents synthesized into four predefined topics related to: Culture, Economy, Sport, and Religion. System performance was analysed, in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure. The results demonstrated that the proposed topic modeling-based decision framework is able to classify topics while writing a discourse with accuracy of 91.0%.
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Al-Abbas, Linda, and Rajai Al-Khanji. "Near-Synonyms Within the Same Qur’anic Verse: A Contrastive English-Arabic Lexical Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (October 13, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p125.
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The Holy Qur’an has features that are difficult for translators to transfer into another language, and they face problems in conveying the different shades of meaning of the verses. From a wide variety of these problems is synonymy. Synonymy refers to words that mean the same or show semantic resemblance to one another. This study examines the translation of two root-sharing synonymous Arabic words, namely استطاع and اسطاع in five well-known English translations. These include Pickthall (1930), Ali (1982), Arberry (1996), Abdel Haleem (2004), and Al-Hilali and Khan (2018). These translations are selected because they are popular in the Muslim World in addition to the fact that the translators belong to different linguistic, religious and cultural backgrounds. The analysis shows that the translators were inconsistent in their selections of the English equivalents for the words under study. Furthermore, they did not convey the slight differences between the words and translated them similarly and interchangeably. The study concludes that some Qur’anic words are untranslatable, and cannot be rendered into another language, and therefore, translators are recommended to include explanatory notes between brackets or as footnotes in order to acknowledge the non-Arab readers that repetition of the words was not haphazard but intended for specific purposes.
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Grudeva, E. "Basic Paradigmatic Correlations in the Semantic Field of the Concept Summer." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/61.
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Article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. Study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.
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Permata Raharjo, Resdianto, and Ahmad Sudali. "ANALISIS KOHESI DAN KOHORENSI DALAM WACANA BERITA KEMISKINAN DAN RAMADHAN DALAM KORAN REPUBLIKA." Jurnal Disastri (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) 1, no. 01 (August 26, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/disastri.v1i01.497.
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This journal explains the results of cohesion and coherence analysis in the current new news discourse in Indonesia published by Republika, Thursday 16 May 2019. The research uses descriptive methods by describing and explaining the results of the analysis found in the study. This research is a type of qualitative research because the results tend to be released and descriptive. the technique used in this study is to take data, data collection is done in two ways, namely listening and taking notes. This study found the results of the use of cohesion and and the use of coherence. Cohesion is the integration between the parts that are characterized by the use of language elements. Cohesion is divided into two parts, lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion includes conjunction, reference, release, substitution. Lexical cohesion includes antonyms, synonyms, repetitions, metonymy, and hypomini. Whereas, cohorence is the relationship between elements one with the other elements so that it has an integrated meaning.
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Rini, Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia. "KATA MAJEMUK VERBA BAHASA JEPANG." KIRYOKU 2, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i4.9-14.
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(Title: Japanese verb compound words) As an agglutinative language, the formation of the word in Japanese is done morphologically. The word joins Japanese consists of compound words (複合 語), words reduplication (畳 語), and derivative words (派生 語). This study aims to describe the structure and relationship of the meaning of verb compound words. The method used is the descriptive method. As a result of the study, it was found that verb compound words have patterns (N + V), (V + V), (A + V), and (AD + V). The relation of the meaning of the pattern (N + V) is A subject B, object B, and A tool or material B. The relation of the meaning of the pattern (V + V) is the first/second element to lose its substantive meaning, the first and second elements cannot be described again, parallel relations (synonyms and antonyms). There is not much pattern (A + V) found. The pattern (AD + V) expresses the description of the situation with onomatopoeia.
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Patriani, Yenni. "أوجه الشبه والاختلاف بين العربية والإندونيسية في ظاهرة الترادف – وكيفية التعامل مع هذه الظاهرة عند تدريس العربية للإندونيسيين." Imtiyaz : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Bahasa Arab 2, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/im.v2i2.1757.
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Abstract This research is about "similarities and differences between Arabic and Indonesian in the phenomenon of tandem - and how to deal with this phenomenon in teaching Arabic to Indonesians." The importance of Arabic is also reflected in the fact that is the key of Islamic and Arab culture. It allows learner to learn about the cultural and intellectual dimensions of a nation that has been crowned on the throne for centuries. It has left a great cultural heritage in various arts and sciences.The importance of Arabic stems from the fact that it is one of the strongest links and links between Muslims. Language is one of the most important elements of unity among Islamic societies. Arabic is no longer a language specific to Arabians, but has become a universal language for millions of Muslims in the world today demand for their connection to their religion and Islamic culture. We also see a desire to learn the arabic language for non-Muslims to communicate with the people of the language on the one hand and to communicate with the Arab and Islamic heritage on the other.Features of Arabic Tandem. It is an important factor in the growth of language, two words or more that indicate one meaning. We can use it without separating them. The speaker observes the exact order in the choice of the word of the synonyms corresponding to the sentence.It is interesting that Arabic is the only language that gives citizenship to anyone who speaks it. "Whoever learns Arabic is an Arabian."There is almost unanimous agreement that tandem is one of the reasons for the richness of language in vocabulary, whether it is Arabic, Indonesian, or other languages. And its privilege with a wealth of words. There have been many works that collected the vocabulary of this phenomenon in the ancients in particular, which reinforces this statement to the extent that it is surprising, such as the names of one thing to thousands of words.
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COLEMAN, A. RAND, and J. MICHAEL WILLIAMS. "The attenuation of auditory neglect by implicit cues." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617706060760.
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This study examined implicit semantic and rhyming cues on perception of auditory stimuli among nonaphasic participants who suffered a lesion of the right cerebral hemisphere and auditory neglect of sound perceived by the left ear. Because language represents an elaborate processing of auditory stimuli and the language centers were intact among these patients, it was hypothesized that interactive verbal stimuli presented in a dichotic manner would attenuate neglect. The selected participants were administered an experimental dichotic listening test composed of six types of word pairs: unrelated words, synonyms, antonyms, categorically related words, compound words, and rhyming words. Presentation of word pairs that were semantically related resulted in a dramatic reduction of auditory neglect. Dichotic presentations of rhyming words exacerbated auditory neglect. These findings suggest that the perception of auditory information is strongly affected by the specific content conveyed by the auditory system. Language centers will process a degraded stimulus that contains salient language content. A degraded auditory stimulus is neglected if it is devoid of content that activates the language centers or other cognitive systems. In general, these findings suggest that auditory neglect involves a complex interaction of intact and impaired cerebral processing centers with content that is selectively processed by these centers (JINS, 2006, 12, 649–656.)
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Syafe'i, Isop. "IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA BAHASA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MAHĀRAT AL-KALĀM BERDASARKAN FUNGSI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENURUT KEMP DAN DAYTON." TSAQOFIYA Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Ponorogo 2, no. 2 (October 5, 2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/tsaqofiya.v2i2.19.
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The purpose of this study was (1) to find out the language media in Mahārat al-Kalām learning (2) to find out the function of learning media according to Kemp and Dayton (3) to find out the language media in learning Mahārat al-Kalām Tsanawiyah Madrasah based on the function of instructional media according to Kemp and Dayton. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the researcher as a key instrument, data analysis is inductive, and the results of the study emphasize the meaning rather than the generalization of objects. Data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study are: First, the language media that can be used by teachers in learning Mahārat al-Kalām are: Analogy, Antonyms, Synonyms, Give examples, Direct instruction, repeating words and sentences, and question and answer. Second, the function of learning media according to Kemp and Dayton, namely: motivating interests and actions, presenting information, and giving instructions. Third, there is a significant relationship between language media and the function of learning media according to Kemp and Dayton, so that it can be known the steps of learning by using language media in learning Mahārat al-Kalām.
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Saraireh, Muhammad A. "Inconsistency in Technical Terminology." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.1.03sar.
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Standardization is one of the basic elements of technical translation for proper communication among the users of the target language text. Consistency in signifier-signified correspondence is vital to maintain proper tandardization. However, there are many instances (in translation) in which stylistic variation and inconsistency in using lexical items are confused. The problem arises and becomes serious when inconsistency is mistakenly considered as stylistic variation. Stylistic variation is a very well known literary device to avoid repetition in texts by employing synonyms. Inconsistency arises when a signifier which has been employed in the target language to signify a new borrowed concept is alternately used with any of its synonyms. The translator may create a kind of confusion when he uses a synonym to signify the same concept rather than the assigned lexical item. Therefore, the reader may not be able to follow the progress of the text assuming that there is a different meaning for each synonym. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the different types of this phenomenon in English-Arabic translation.
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Al-Abbas, Linda S., and Rajai Khanji. "Lexical Analysis of Arabic Near-Synonyms in the Holy Qur'an: A Case Study ofسنةsanah and عام‘aam." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 5 (October 15, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i5.15241.
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Translation is a process that enables communication between different cultures and breaks barriers between languages. Synonymy is equivalence of sense (Griffiths, 2006). It refers to words that mean the same or show semantic resemblance to one another. Words in synonymous pairs can replace each other in sentences with no change of the literal meaning, and therefore, the substitutability test is used to determine whether or not words are synonyms. Translators face many problems in conveying the intended semantic message and finding the exact lexical equivalents in the target language, in addition to the cultural aspects that they need to overcome in the source language. The present study is an attempt to explore the strategies used by different Qur'an translators in rendering an Arabic synonymous pair, namely سنةsanah and عام ‘aam (year) into English, and to find out which translations could be more proper than others. The findings proved that some Qur'anic terms are untranslatable, and choosing an accurate equivalent in the target language is not possible because of the differences in the lexical items available in each language. This study concludes that the Holy Qur'an has distinctive aspects that cannot be delivered in other languages and it impresses the readers with the deep and expressive terms that were used for certain purposes.
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Maharaj, Ameerchund (Ashraf). "Speeding up Vocabulary Acquisition through Action Research." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.245.
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Gaining a wider vocabulary is fundamental to language learning. It follows then that the faster students engage and learn new words, the faster will be their proficiency with the target language. Multi-Dimensional Vocabulary Acquisition (or MDVA) means approaching new terms / concepts from a variety of perspectives so that the target word is thoroughly analysed, giving students access to all dimensions of the word. There are many dimensions or elements that will help elucidate and unlock meaning, but for the purposes of this chapter new words will be looked at in terms of their antonyms, synonyms and associated words, rhyming counterparts, idiomatic usage, gender considerations, diminutive implications, proverbial usage and likely confusion with other words. In this study the author employs an Action Research methodology where practical classroom exercises involving students’ writing efforts pre- and post MDVA are closely examined. Using the familiar “spiral of cycles” approach, it becomes clear that “unpacking” the target word means that the meaning of many other words associated with the target word becomes explicit. A workshop with faculty is included as part of the practical application of MDVA.
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Walidah, Ziana, Muslim Yanuar, Dyah Nurul Azizah, and Syihabuddin Qalyubi. "Stylistic Analysis in Surah Al-Najm." Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v3i2.11624.
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Stylistic is a multidisciplinary approach that aims to foreground the peculiar properties of texts on the basis of language and derive hidden and in-depth meaning to figure out major and minor themes. The evident fact that makes Stylistic a multidisciplinary approach is its retrievable, rigorous, and replicable principles. With Stylistic science, someone can reveal the secrets of the Qur’an as a whole by analyzing all aspects of the Qur’anic linguistics. This article aimed to analyze Surah al-Najm with the Stylistic theory. The research was qualitative research with library research or literature study. The analysis was carried out using an objective approach and descriptive analysis method by reading Surah al-Najm repeatedly then collecting relevant data. So, the data that has been found was analyzed with the two terms of Stylistics, they are semantics and imagery. From this study, it was concluded that in Surah al-Najm there were (1) nouns and verb preferences, various sentence structures and sentence confirmation in syntactic aspects, synonyms and antonyms in semantic aspects, and (2) several kinds of language styles such as isti'arah, majaz, and kinayah in imagery.
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Altalhab, Sultan. "L1 versus Multiple Vocabulary Teaching Techniques." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 702709. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1004.05.
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This study compares the effect of using different vocabulary teaching techniques and L1 (Arabic) on vocabulary retention. The participants were 162 Saudi intermediate school students who were divided into two groups. The first group was taught the target words using L1 whilst the second group was taught using multiples teaching techniques (synonyms, body language and pictures). A pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test based on meaning recall were utilised. The findings show that the multiple group achieved superiority over the L1 group in both post-test and delayed post-test. Also, pictures were found to be the most effective teaching technique while body language was the least.
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Muhammad Yunus, M. Ridha Anwari. "RELASI SEMANTIK BAHASA BANJAR DIALEK HULU." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v10i1.8398.
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Abstract Semantic Relations of the Hulu Banjar Dialect Language. Semantic relations are semantic relations that exist between one language unit with another language unit. The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the semantic relation of the words synonym, antonym, hominim, hyponym, and polysemy of the Banjar dialect language upstream? This study aims to describe the semantic relations of words in BBDH so that they can be known by their speakers. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. The results of this study are the forms of semantic relations found in the communication patterns of the Banjar upstream dialect community in the form of Synonyms, Antonyms, Homonyms, Polisemi, and Hyponyms. Key words: semantic relations, banjar language, hulu dialect Abstrak Relasi Semantik Bahasa Banjar Dialek Hulu. Relasi semantik adalah hubungan semantik yang terdapat antara satuan bahasa yang satu dengan satuan bahasa yang lainnya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimanakah relasi semantik kata sinonim, antonim, hominim, hiponim, dan polisemi bahasa Banjar dialek hulu? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relasi semantik kata dalam BBDH agar dapat diketahui oleh penuturnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah motode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini ialah bentuk-bentuk relasi semantik yang ditemukan dalam pola komunikasi masyarakat Banjar dialek hulu berupa Sinonim, Antonim, Homonim, Polisemi, dan Hiponim. Kata-kata kunci: relasi semantik, bahasa banjar, dialek hulu
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Al-Matham, Rawan N., and Hend S. Al-Khalifa. "SynoExtractor: A Novel Pipeline for Arabic Synonym Extraction Using Word2Vec Word Embeddings." Complexity 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627434.
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Automatic synonym extraction plays an important role in many natural language processing systems, such as those involving information retrieval and question answering. Recently, research has focused on extracting semantic relations from word embeddings since they capture relatedness and similarity between words. However, using word embeddings alone poses problems for synonym extraction because it cannot determine whether the relation between words is synonymy or some other semantic relation. In this paper, we present a novel solution for this problem by proposing the SynoExtractor pipeline, which can be used to filter similar word embeddings to retain synonyms based on specified linguistic rules. Our experiments were conducted using KSUCCA and Gigaword embeddings and trained with CBOW and SG models. We evaluated automatically extracted synonyms by comparing them with Alma’any Arabic synonym thesauri. We also arranged for a manual evaluation by two Arabic linguists. The results of experiments we conducted show that using the SynoExtractor pipeline enhances the precision of synonym extraction compared to using the cosine similarity measure alone. SynoExtractor obtained a 0.605 mean average precision (MAP) for the King Saud University Corpus of Classical Arabic with 21% improvement over the baseline and a 0.748 MAP for the Gigaword corpus with 25% improvement. SynoExtractor outperformed the Sketch Engine thesaurus for synonym extraction by 32% in terms of MAP. Our work shows promising results for synonym extraction suggesting that our method can also be used with other languages.
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Akhmetzyanova, Dilyara R., and Aysilu G. Gilemshina. "Synonyms Reflecting Objects and Phenomena of the Metaphysical World in the Translations of Sacred Texts from Arabic into English and Tatar." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 5 (November 28, 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i5.1249.
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<p>This paper analyzes the phenomenon of synonymy in translated texts in Russian and Tatar, with various existing and published translations of the Quran used as the main source. The primary goal of the study is to reveal the main regularities of the way synonyms function in the diachronic translations of the Quran into Russian and Tatar, as well as to follow the alterations in the vocabulary and stylistic norms of Russian and Tatar. Comparison between various translations allows shedding light on many of the peculiarities of the target language at the time the translation was completed and establishing the chronologic sequence of certain changes in the languages. The primary methods used in the study are the analysis of academic literature on the problem, consolidation of the prior research of synonyms in Russian and Tatar, studying text sources and dictionaries and comparison between the lexical units. The study shows that synonymic units found in the diachronic translations can be of varying degrees of equivalence. The most frequent in the diachronic translations of the Quran are the so-called partial synonyms, and this reflects the translators’ attempts to single out one specific lexical-semantic variant or a certain seme.</p>
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Sanati, Zahra. "The Effects of Visualization Training Techniques on Reading Comprehension Ability of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1101.09.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of visualization on reading comprehension ability of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 40 out of 100 intermediate learners of an English language institute were chosen by means of administering a PET Test. Based on the results of the homogenizing test, two groups were formed, and learners were not randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control one. Then, both groups were provided with seven teaching sessions. A pretest was given to all examinees to capture the initial differences. Learners in the experimental group were taught to visualize the words using a variety of visualization strategies before, during, and after reading the text in class. However, students in the control group were provided with a conventional instruction in traditional classes like reading the text aloud, translating the text, and providing synonyms and antonyms, if it was needed. After teaching sessions, a posttest was given to students of both groups. The statistical analysis of obtained results using paired t-test and ANCOVA revealed that the participants in the experimental group outperformed the participants in the control group. The findings of this study showed that the effect of visualization as an instructional technology on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension was extremely noticeable. The findings of the present study may have some theoretical and practical implications for both Iranian EFL teachers and students, as well as for curriculum designers and developers.
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Al-Abbas, Linda S., and Ahmad S. Haider. "Evaluating the Accuracy and Consistency in Rendering Qurʾanic Terms with Overlapping Meanings into English." Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies 18, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340083.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Holy Qurʾan has many terms that exhibit a great similarity in meaning and may not be easily rendered into another language. The present study attempts to explore the accuracy of the lexical choices used to render the Arabic near-synonyms ʿfawa, ṣafaḥa, and ġafara into English in three Translations of the Holy Qurʾan; namely, Pickthall (1999), Ali (2001), and Al-Hilali and Khan (2018). The researchers carried out a componential analysis for the Arabic words under study and their English equivalents based on their explanation in different Arabic and English dictionaries and exegeses. The study also investigates whether the translators maintain consistency in translating these words when they occur within the same verse and elsewhere. The findings show that the translators tended to use different English equivalents to the three Arabic words especially when they occur within the same verse, and sometimes failed to reflect the slight differences between them in their translations that they use them interchangeably. With regard to consistency, the study found that the three translators used various English equivalents to refer to the same Arabic word, but Al-Hilali & Khan and Ali were more consistent than Pickthall.