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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabic Weights and measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ghoniem, Alhelwa, and Shaalan. "A Novel Hybrid Genetic-Whale Optimization Model for Ontology Learning from Arabic Text." Algorithms 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12090182.

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Ontologies are used to model knowledge in several domains of interest, such as the biomedical domain. Conceptualization is the basic task for ontology building. Concepts are identified, and then they are linked through their semantic relationships. Recently, ontologies have constituted a crucial part of modern semantic webs because they can convert a web of documents into a web of things. Although ontology learning generally occupies a large space in computer science, Arabic ontology learning, in particular, is underdeveloped due to the Arabic language’s nature as well as the profundity required in this domain. The previously published research on Arabic ontology learning from text falls into three categories: developing manually hand-crafted rules, using ordinary supervised/unsupervised machine learning algorithms, or a hybrid of these two approaches. The model proposed in this work contributes to Arabic ontology learning in two ways. First, a text mining algorithm is proposed for extracting concepts and their semantic relations from text documents. The algorithm calculates the concept frequency weights using the term frequency weights. Then, it calculates the weights of concept similarity using the information of the ontology structure, involving (1) the concept’s path distance, (2) the concept’s distribution layer, and (3) the mutual parent concept’s distribution layer. Then, feature mapping is performed by assigning the concepts’ similarities to the concept features. Second, a hybrid genetic-whale optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize ontology learning from Arabic text. The operator of the G-WOA is a hybrid operator integrating GA’s mutation, crossover, and selection processes with the WOA’s processes (encircling prey, attacking of bubble-net, and searching for prey) to fulfill the balance between both exploitation and exploration, and to find the solutions that exhibit the highest fitness. For evaluating the performance of the ontology learning approach, extensive comparisons are conducted using different Arabic corpora and bio-inspired optimization algorithms. Furthermore, two publicly available non-Arabic corpora are used to compare the efficiency of the proposed approach with those of other languages. The results reveal that the proposed genetic-whale optimization algorithm outperforms the other compared algorithms across all the Arabic corpora in terms of precision, recall, and F-score measures. Moreover, the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of ontology learning from Arabic and non-Arabic texts in terms of these three measures.

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2

Walter, D. J., M. A. Eastwood, W. G. Brydon, and R. A. Elton. "Fermentation of wheat bran and gum arabic in rats fed on an elemental diet." British Journal of Nutrition 60, no. 2 (September 1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880094.

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1. Gum arabic and wheat bran were added to an elemental diet (100 g/kg) in order to study their metabolism in the caeca of adult male albino Wistar rats.2. Dry stool weight (g/d) over 12 weeks was 0.70 (SE 0.05) on the elemental control diet. Wheat bran increased mean dry stool weight to 1.09 (SE 0.08), an increase of 56 %. There was no significant difference between faecal weights (0.65 (SE 0.08)) of the gum-arabic-supplemented group and the unsupplemented group.3. Wet caecal-sac weight, dry caecal-contents weight, and faecal and caecal bacterial mass (measured by 2,6-diaminopimelic acid) all increased significantly with the gum-arabic-supplemented diet but not with the wheatbran-supplemented diet.4. Total short-chain fatty acids (mostly acetate) increased in the caecum and faeces with the gum-arabic-supplemented diet but not with the wheat-bran-supplemented diet.5. Breath hydrogen and methane production decreased to negligible amounts over the 12 weeks of the experiment.

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3

Trapp, Erich. "Greek as the receiving language in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (August 28, 2018): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0006.

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AbstractDuring its long history, the Byzantine Empire – a polity that stretched across a whole millennium – came into contact with many neighbouring cultures and languages in Europe, Asia and Africa. In addition to Latin, the most important languages that enriched the medieval Greek vocabulary were: French, Italian, Slavic, Arabic and Turkish. Loanwords occurred – to a greater or lesser extent – in the following areas: nature and landscape, household, government and administration, society, military, church and religion, law and jurisdiction, trade and traffic. Beyond that, there were certain spheres that were influenced by specific languages in particular: Italian left its mark on sailors’ language; Arabic on the natural sciences (medicine, alchemy, astrology and astronomy); and both Italian and Arabic on coins, measures, and weights.

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4

Trapp, Erich. "Greek as the receiving language in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0006.

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AbstractDuring its long history, the Byzantine Empire - a polity that stretched across a whole millennium - came into contact with many neighbouring cultures and languages in Europe, Asia and Africa. In addition to Latin, the most important languages that enriched the medieval Greek vocabulary were: French, Italian, Slavic, Arabic and Turkish. Loanwords occurred - to a greater or lesser extent - in the following areas: nature and landscape, household, government and administration, society, military, church and religion, law and jurisdiction, trade and traffic. Beyond that, there were certain spheres that were influenced by specific languages in particular: Italian left its mark on sailors’ language; Arabic on the natural sciences (medicine, alchemy, astrology and astronomy); and both Italian and Arabic on coins, measures, and weights.

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5

Brown, Peter B. "Muscovite Arithmetic in Seventeenth-Century Russian Civilization: Is It Not Time to Discard the “Backwardness” Label?" Russian History 39, no. 4 (2012): 393–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/48763316-03904001.

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Muscovite civilization utilized Byzantine-Greek alphanumerals for its mathematical symbols. Occasionally derided by historians for being retrograde in comparison to the Hindu-Arabic numerals sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe adopted, Muscovy’s alphanumerals were versatile and suitably contoured to perform a variety of computational tasks. Muscovite alphanumerals were an integral part of early Moderen Russia’s administrative culture, and played a prominent role in fostering the experiential knowledge underlying the educational achievements of the Imperial Period. Though they lacked the zero and the decimal, Muscovites still had a reasonable grasp of the base-ten system, and comprehended well basic arithmetical skills and relationship properties, less so equational ones. The Russians developed complex abaci well suited for commercial transactions, large-scale construction, military inventories and payrolls, and the land registry, to name a few. These instruments manipulated an extensive variety of weights, measures, linear distances, area dimensions, volume measurements, and currency. Muscovite arithmetic was a prominent factor assisting in the advancement of critical thinking skills in 1600’s Russia. Nonetheless, as the seventeenth century wore on, sociological, educational or pedagogical, military scientific, administrative, and cultural arguments or interactive phenomena came to bear and increasingly found the Muscovite algorithmic symbols wanting. In 1699 the government decreed that Hindu-Arabic numerals henceforth were to be used in official documents throughout the country. Directly and indirectly, the complex thought processes bound up when operating with Muscovite alphanumerals were one impetus for the further unfolding of Russian civilization after 1700.

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6

Zhukovsky, Mikhail O. "Medieval Weights with Pseudo-Arabic Inscriptions." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 26 (December 25, 2018): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2018.4.26.117.136.

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7

Buchan, James. "Weights and measures." Nursing Standard 17, no. 9 (November 13, 2002): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.9.23.s38.

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8

Deaves, Sally-Ann. "Weights and measures." Nursing Standard 18, no. 11 (November 26, 2003): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.18.11.24.s32.

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9

Ramasubramanian, Lakshmiprabha. "Weights and measures." Learning Disability Practice 10, no. 1 (February 2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.10.1.26.s17.

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10

Moore, Julie L. "Weights & Measures." Prairie Schooner 91, no. 1 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2017.0073.

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11

Sgro, Gaetan. "Weights and Measures." JAMA 315, no. 17 (May 3, 2016): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.19392.

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12

Smith, Jack. "Weights and Measures." American Book Review 30, no. 4 (2009): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2009.0091.

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13

Yilmaz, Mustafa, Mehmet Kalkan, and Hakan Demirbağ. "Seed characteristics of Amygdalus arabica in Adıyaman region of Turkey." Dendrobiology 84 (2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/denbio.084.005.

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Mountain almond (Amygdalus arabica) is a shrub with naturally distributing in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. A. arabica also known as bitter almond and can reach up to 2.5 m. The natural distribution of mountain almond is generally in the Southeast Region of Turkey. The present study carried out to determine the morphological and physiological characteristics of the seed of mountain almond. The seeds were collected from three different populations of A. arabica in Adıyaman. For different each populations seed weight, height, width, thickness, and 1000-seed weight were measured in the laboratory. Morphological characteristics of A. arabica seeds varied according to their populations. Seed germination tests were conducted at 20 °C, after prechilling for 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks at 4 °C. Prechilling treatments of 3 weeks were insufficient, but 6 and 9 weeks of prechilling were found to eliminate seed dormancy and led to the highest germination percentage. The average germination percentage after 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks of prechilling were 3.1%, 49.6%, 80.4%, and 81.1%, respectively. The average mean germination time was approximately between 8 and 10 days.

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14

Fernstål, Lotta. "A Bit Arabic: Pseudo-Arabic Inscriptions on Viking Age Weights in Sweden and Expressions of Self-image." Current Swedish Archaeology 16, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2008.04.

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There are many Viking Age weights in Scandinavia, and not least in Swedcn. A few of the sphrrical weights with flat poles, which were used for weighing silver in trading situations, display so-called pseudo-Arabic inscriptions, i.e. writing which resembles Arabic but which is mostly illegible. Why did some people put Arabic-like writing on their weights, and what did they hope to achieve by this? These questions are discussed together with positive aspects of trade, interaction and encounters with foreigners, visual aspects of weights and weighing, as well as personal choices in the presentation of self-image.

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15

Natarajan, Vasant. "Standard weights and measures." Resonance 6, no. 8 (August 2001): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02902515.

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16

Jomaa, Lamis H., Farah A. Naja, Samer A. Kharroubi, Marwa H. Diab-El-Harake, and Nahla C. Hwalla. "Food insecurity is associated with compromised dietary intake and quality among Lebanese mothers: findings from a national cross-sectional study." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 15 (July 20, 2020): 2687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020000567.

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AbstractObjective:Examine the associations between household food insecurity (HFI) with sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary intakes of mothers.Design:Cross-sectional survey (2014–2015). In addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire, data collection included the validated Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which was used to evaluate HFI. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall of a single habitual day, and maternal BMI was calculated based on weight and height measurements. Associations between HFI and maternal dietary intake (food groups, energy and macronutrients’ intake) were examined. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between HFI status with odds of maternal overweight and measures of diet quality and diversity (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W)).Setting:Lebanon.Participants:Mothers, nationally representative sample of Lebanese households with children (n 1204).Results:HFI was experienced among almost half of the study sample. Correlates of HFI were low educational attainment, unemployment and crowding. Significant inverse associations were observed between HFI and dietary HEI (OR 0·64, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·90, P = 0·011) and MDD-W (OR 0·6, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·85, P = 0·004), even after adjusting for socioeconomic correlates. No significant association was observed between HFI and odds of maternal overweight status.Conclusions:HFI was associated with compromised maternal dietary quality and diversity. Findings highlight the need for social welfare programmes and public health interventions to alleviate HFI and promote overall health and wellbeing of mothers.

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17

Eisenkopf, Gerald. "Negative Weights for Performance Measures." International Public Management Journal 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10967490903103284.

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18

Sulak, Marcela. "Sudoku, and: Weights and Measures." Colorado Review 43, no. 3 (2016): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2016.0105.

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19

Saif, Abdulgabbar, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz, and Nazlia Omar. "Evaluating Knowledge-Based Semantic Measures on Arabic." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 4, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v4i5.4248.

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20

DE ROOS, J. "Weights and Measures in Hittite Texts." Anatolica 34 (May 31, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ana.34.0.2031562.

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21

FLOOR, Willem. "Weights and Measures in Qajar Iran." Studia Iranica 37, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 57–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/si.37.1.2032298.

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22

Hegesh, Noa. "The sound of weights and measures." Nature Physics 16, no. 11 (November 2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01077-z.

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23

White, Julia, and H. Rees. "Chromosome weights and measures in Petunia." Heredity 58, no. 1 (February 1987): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1987.18.

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24

El Saghir, Nagi S., Nancy L. Keating, Robert W. Carlson, Katia E. Khoury, and Lesley Fallowfield. "Tumor Boards: Optimizing the Structure and Improving Efficiency of Multidisciplinary Management of Patients with Cancer Worldwide." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 34 (May 2014): e461-e466. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e461.

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Multidisciplinary management tumor boards are now conducted worldwide for the management of patients with cancer. Studies evaluating their influence on decision making and patient outcome are limited; however, single-center studies have reported significant changes in diagnosis and treatment plans. A survey from Arabic countries showed widespread use and reliance on tumor boards for decision making. A recent multi-institutional survey of veteran affairs (VA) hospitals in the United States found limited association between the presence of tumor boards and care and outcomes. The Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium looked at the association between tumor board features and measures of quality of care. Results of overall survival among the patients of these physicians participating in tumor boards is ongoing, but preliminary results are outlined along with a recent ASCO survey of international members on the presence, utilization, and influence of tumor boards in this article. Tumor boards allow for implementation of clinical practice guidelines and may help capture cases for clinical trials. Efforts to improve preparations, structure, and conduct of tumor boards, research methods to monitor their performance, teamwork, and outcomes are outlined also in this article. The concept of mini-tumor boards and more efficient methods for MDM in countries with limited resources are also discussed. In suboptimal settings, such as small community hospitals, rural areas, and areas with limited resources, boundaries in diagnosis and management can be overcome, or at least improved, with tumor boards, especially with the use of video-conferencing facilities. Studies from the United Kingdom showed that special training of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) led to better team dynamics and communication, improved patient satisfaction, and improved clinical outcome. The weight of the benefits versus the time and effort spent to improve efficiency, patient care, and better time management in the United States and in the international oncology community is also reviewed in this article.

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25

Walter, Deborah J., M. A. Eastwood, W. G. Brydon, and R. A. Elton. "An experimental design to study colonic fibre fermentation in the rat: the duration of feeding." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 3 (May 1986): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860054.

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1. The time-course of metabolic adaptation by rats to diets containing either wheat bran or gum arabic was studied during a 12-week period.2. Stool weight was increased with wheat bran but not with gum arabic, and had stabilized after 4 weeks.3. Bacterial mass as measured by diaminopimelic acid content had stabilized by week 4. Bacterial mass increased on feeding gum arabic but was unchanged with wheat bran.4. There was increased caecal short-chain fatty acid, hydrogen and methane production with gum arabic but not with wheat bran. The change in caecal metabolic activity was slow to stabilize (8–12 weeks at least).5. The faecal excretion of bile acids increased twofold with the wheat-bran-supplemented diet compared with the gum-arabic-supplemented and unsupplemented diets. Relatively greater amounts of muricholic acids were present in the caeca and faeces of gum-arabic-fed rats compared with the other groups.

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26

HOPPIT, JULIAN. "Reforming Britain's Weights and Measures, 1660–1824." English Historical Review CVIII, no. 426 (1993): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cviii.426.82.

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27

Tasena, Santi, and Sompong Dhompongsa. "Weighted doubling measures with remotely constant weights." Filomat 29, no. 6 (2015): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1506343t.

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28

Hockert, Carol. "Weights and Measures in the United States." NCSLI Measure 1, no. 3 (September 2006): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2006.11721334.

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29

Lemmer, Hofﬁe. "Cricket performance measures." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i1.46.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of batting and bowling performance measures that have been developed over a period of eight years. The measure of batting performance (BP) consists of three components. Firstly, an exponentially weighted average (EWA) is calculated in which recent scores have higher weights than scores further back in time in order to get a measure that adequately reﬂects the batsman’s present form. EWA is then adjusted up- or downwards depending on the batsman’s consistency and strike rate. This measure was subsequently generalized to BPW which includes weights for runs scored against speciﬁc countries in home or away matches separately. In the case of bowling, the ﬁrst challenge was to develop a single comprehensive measure of bowling performance, the combined bowling rate (CBR) for limited overs matches and the dynamic bowling rate (DBR) for unlimited overs matches. Hence, by alsotaking bowling consistency into account, the current bowling performance measure (CBP) wasdeveloped. This measure was also extended to include weights for wickets taken and runs concededagainst each international team in home or away matches. These measures contain parametersthat were based on players’ scores up to the speciﬁc date of calculation. Before using the latestavailable data for the present presentation, it is logical to update these parameters. This hasbeen done in the present study. If a player performs well at local level, it is important to be ableto compare his performance with those of players already in the national team. Weights havebeen determined for runs scored by batsmen and also for runs conceded and wickets taken bybowlers in local matches, whereby the performances of players can be compared irrespective ofthe proportion of international matches played by each player. After having used the measures onvarious occasions the need arose to revise some of them slightly. The updated measures are thenused to give rankings of South African batsmen and bowlers in First Class and List A matchesalike. Methods have also been developed to compare the batting and bowling performances ofplayers after a short series of matches. It was shown that the traditional average could haveunrealistic values in the case of a batsman who had a large percentage of not out scores in ashort series. Alternative measures have been developed and shown to give much more realisticvalues. In the case of bowling it is important not only to count the number of wickets a bowlerhas taken, but to distinguish between the wickets of top and middle order batsmen on the onehand and lower order batsmen on the other. A system has been established whereby weights areattached to the wickets according to the batting position of the batsman. Instead of just countingthe number of wickets taken, the sum of the weights of the wickets taken by the bowler is usedin the calculation of CBR* or DBR*. Finally, the latest form of the game, Twenty20 cricket, isalso discussed.

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30

El-Alami, Fatima-Zahra, Said Ouatik El Alaoui, and Noureddine En-Nahnahi. "Deep Neural Models and Retrofitting for Arabic Text Categorization." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 16, no. 2 (April 2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2020040104.

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Arabic text categorization is an important task in text mining particularly with the fast-increasing quantity of the Arabic online data. Deep neural network models have shown promising performance and indicated great data modeling capacities in managing large and substantial datasets. This article investigates convolution neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) and their combination for Arabic text categorization. This work additionally handles the morphological variety of Arabic words by exploring the word embeddings model using position weights and subword information. To guarantee the nearest vector representations for connected words, this article adopts a strategy for refining Arabic vector space representations using semantic information embedded in lexical resources. Several experiments utilizing different architectures have been conducted on the OSAC dataset. The obtained results show the effectiveness of CNN-LSTM without and with retrofitting for Arabic text categorization in comparison with major competing methods.

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31

Al-Dmour, Ayman, and Raed Abu Zitar. "Arabic writer identification based on hybrid spectral–statistical measures." Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 19, no. 4 (December 2007): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528130701228800.

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32

Hovorushchenko, Tetiana. "Method of Evaluating the Weights of Software Quality Measures and Indicators." Application and Theory of Computer Technology 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22496/atct20170128136.

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Nowadays the actual task is evaluating the mutual influences of the software quality characteristics and subcharacteristics by the measures and software quality metrics – by the indicators. The aim of this study is the development of the method of evaluating the weights of software quality measures and indicators. The first time developed method of evaluating the weights of the software quality measures and indicators differs from known methods that: considers the correlation of software quality subchcaracteristics by the measures and metrics by the indicators, calculates the weights of exactly measures and indicators, provides the conclusion about the presence of which measures and indicators in the software requirements specification (SRS) is necessary for the appropriate level of veracity of the software quality assessment. The weights of the software quality measures and indicators provide the sorting of all missing in the SRS measures and indicators in descending of their significance (in descending of their weights), i.e. the priority of their further addition in the SRS.

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KAHL, O. "'Îsâ ibn Mâssa on Medicinal Weights and Measures." Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/olp.23.1.519175.

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Dikolli, Shane S., Christian Hofmann, and Susan L. Kulp. "Interrelated Performance Measures, Interactive Effort, and Incentive Weights." Journal of Management Accounting Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2009.21.1.125.

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ABSTRACT: This study uses principal-agent analysis to investigate how the principal's use of performance measures in the agent's compensation contract are affected by (1) links between performance measures and (2) substitute and complementary characteristics of an agent's efforts. We show that the directional effect of changes in performance measure interrelations on linear incentive weights depends on how the agent's tasks interact with each other (i.e., substitute or complementary interactions). For example, increases in performance measure interrelations do not necessarily imply higher incentive weights on more sensitive and precise performance measures. If efforts are substitutes for each other, the costs of effort are relatively high and the principal induces lower levels of total effort by offering lower incentives. We also show that differences in the combination of performance measure interrelations and effort interactions affect profits in distinctly different ways. When efforts are substitutes for each other, increases in the sensitivities of profit to the other performance metrics (i.e., increased interrelations), and thus to effort, may actually lead to lower profits.

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35

Rorke, Martin. "Connor and Simpson, Weights and Measures in Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 86, no. 1 (April 2007): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.0048.

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36

SHELDON, RICHARD. "Weights and measures in Scotland: a European perspective." Economic History Review 57, no. 4 (November 2004): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00295_3.x.

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37

Bryden, D. "Weights and Measures of Scotland: A European Perspective." Journal of the History of Collections 18, no. 2 (June 29, 2006): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhl031.

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38

Oskrochi, Youssof, Azeem Majeed, and Graham Easton. "Weights and measures: are bariatric surgery guidelines realistic?" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 108, no. 7 (July 2015): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076815589107.

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39

Makambi, Kepher H., and Wenxin Lu. "Combining study outcome measures using dominance adjusted weights." Research Synthesis Methods 4, no. 2 (January 7, 2013): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1073.

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40

Krutikov, V. N., T. D. Kanishcheva, S. A. Kononogov, L. K. Isaev, and N. I. Khanov. "The 23rd General Conference on Weights and Measures." Measurement Techniques 51, no. 9 (September 2008): 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-008-9150-x.

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41

Bomsdorf, E. "Measures of Dispersion with Weights Based on Ranks." Biometrical Journal 27, no. 7 (1985): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710270706.

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42

Alturki, Hmidan A., Denise SK Brookes, and Peter SW Davies. "Comparative evidence of the consumption from fast-food restaurants between normal-weight and obese Saudi schoolchildren." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 12 (April 6, 2018): 2280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000757.

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AbstractObjectiveTo provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between obesity and fast-food consumption by comparing urban obese and normal-weight Saudi Arabian children.DesignA multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were divided into two groups (normal weight and obese) and further stratified by sex. Groups were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster-sampling technique. A self-paced questionnaire was used to collect data relating to food consumption. Weight height and waist circumference were measured and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed in all children.SettingCapital of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh.SubjectsChildren aged 9·00–11·99 years (n 1023).ResultsCompared with normal-weight groups, intake frequency of fast food/week was higher among the obese groups (P<0·001), irrespective of fast-food consumption outside (P<0·001) or inside (P<0·001) the home; and larger portion sizes were preferred in obese groups (P<0·001). Families eating fast-food meals together was a protective factor against obesity (OR; 95 % CI: 2·67; 1·44, 4·96, P<0·001), with similar results for families ordering from a ‘healthy meals menu’ for their children (1·90; 1·24, 2·90, P=0·002). Taste of fast foods (P=0·021), child-friendly menu (P=0·020) and meal cost (P<0·001) were identified as main reasons why parents took their children to fast-food restaurants; these data were replicated for parents with obese boys, but not girls.ConclusionsDevelopment of effective interventions to reduce fast-food consumption in Saudi Arabian schoolchildren requires greater research-based evidence of fast-food consumption habits and practices associated with increased childhood obesity.

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Khamis, Elias. "A Bronze Weight of Saʿîd b. ʿAbd al-Malik from Bet Shean/Baysân." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 12, no. 2 (July 2002): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186302000214.

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AbstractThis paper presents a unique bronze weight manufactured by the order of a little-known son of [ain]Abd al-Malik, who was governor of Jund Filastîn for a short period. The weight, of the Byzantine disc type, but bearing Arabic inscriptions, was found in the excavations carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1990. It is discussed here in the context of other metal weights of the period which bear Arabic inscriptions but are of Byzantine form, and which sometimes also bear Byzantine symbols and Greek inscriptions.

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Jabbour, Maysa, Raphiq Ibrahim, and Michal Shany. "The contribution of phonological awareness and naming speed to reading vowelized and unvowelized texts in Arabic." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 5, no. 2 (January 31, 2015): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v5i2.2822.

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The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of and phonological awareness and naming speed abilities to reading in the Arabic language. For this purpose, 117 third and fifth grade Arabic-speaking children with intact verbal abilities were given measures of phonological awareness and naming speed, as well as reading measures of vowelized and unvowelized texts. The results revealed a modest correlation between phonological awareness and naming speed (NS) measures. Also, as predicted, a significant relationship was found between phonological awareness measures and reading accuracy; and between naming speed measures and fluency. Following, Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that, phonological awareness measures contributed significantly to variance in reading accuracy, and naming speed measures contributed a unique variance in reading fluency. Further analysis revealed that naming speed measures explain more variance in fluency and explained more variance in third grade than in fifth grade while phonological awareness measures explained more variance in fifth grade than in third grade. These results reveal that both abilities are key components in reading acquisition in Arabic, and that their relative contribution to reading not only depends on the orthographic transparency, but to other features as well.

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Ammar, Adzfar. "URGENSI KEBIJAKAN SKRIPSI BERBAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN MUTU MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB." al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2016.022-03.

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This study aims to determine the factors that cause a student in Arabic Education of UIN Sunan Kalijaga prefer to write the their thesis are in the Indonesian language, the reason is not mandatory thesis in Arabic in the Department of Arabic Language Education of UIN Sunan Kalijaga and formulate a package of measures to improve the quality of graduates by improving the quality essay. This research is descriptive qualitative, is a research field where research in the Department of Arabic Language Education and Teaching Faculty Tarbiyah UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Methods of data collection in the form of questionnaires and interview guidelines. The source data comes from students who are or have written thesis and the leadership of the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga as stakeholders. The results showed there are eight factors that cause students of the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga prefer to write the thesis they are in the Indonesian language, there are four reasons to consider not mandatory thesis in Arabic in the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga and the third package of measures thesis Arabic for improve the quality of graduates, accompanied by step realization of each activity.

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Alghamdi, Rawan Saleem, Hoda Mohamed Nafee, Awatef El-Sayed, and Saad Mohamed Alsaadi. "A study of school bag weight and back pain among intermediate female students in Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 12 (August 23, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n12p105.

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Background: The most common cause of low back pain in children is muscle sprain and strain which can occur from carrying a heavy backpack or from activities. This study aimed to assess the relationship between school bag weight and back pain among female students in Dammam city.Methods: A total of 300 female students were included in this study both from east and west sectors of Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. Tools: Data were collected using (1) A structured questionnaire sheet including, socio-demographic data of the students, and close-ended questions about the school-bags as methods of carrying, (2) A weight scale that measured student’s body weight and weight of the school bags, (3) A self-report (Numeric pain rating scale) that assessed pain intensity. Univariate and Multivariate Statistical analysis was performed to test the relationship between the study variables.Results: A total of 288 school children (96.2% out of 300) were carrying bags of weight more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder and neck pain were reported by 40% of the female students. Statistically there is a significant relationship was found between school bags weight and severity of shoulder pain (p = .042).Conclusion and recommendation: The weights of schoolbags of Dammam city intermediate female students were higher than the internationally acceptable standards. Ministry of Education should set standards to prevent and mange problems of carrying heavy school bags in the intermediate school.

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Saguem, B., A. Ben Romdhane, and B. Ben Hadj Ali. "Linguistic Validation of a Battery for Measurement of Affirming Attitudes about Mental Illness." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S614—S615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.980.

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IntroductionStigma restrains the life opportunities of individuals with serious mental illness. This study aimed at performing a linguistic validation of a battery for measurement of affirming attitudes; a battery that might be used to test the impact of anti-stigma and socially inclusive programs.MethodsThree measures were considered: the Recovery Scale, Empowerment Scale and Self-Determination Scale. Two native Arabic speakers, bilingual in English, independently translated the original measures into Arabic. A collaborative pooled version of the questionnaires was then obtained from the two translations. The pooled version was back-translated into English by a professional translator. A draft Arabic version of the battery was obtained from the comparison between the original questionnaires and the back-translation and was tested on 30 Arabic-speaking medical students. We also discussed the existence of other wording that enables the meaning of statements to be expressed clearly.ResultsThe test of the different items allowed the detection of three typing errors. It also highlighted mistranslating two terms to one term that does not distinguish between them in term of the meaning: “Goal” and “Purpose”. Comments were reported on the wording of certain items in the questionnaire. These comments referred to the problems related to the grammatical and syntactical construction of certain expressions. The translation from English into Tunisian dialect is different from our dialect.ConclusionWe proposed an Arabic version of a battery of measures that reflect affirming attitudes. This is a step for reliable measures that assess stigma in Arabic countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Zouaghi, Anis, Mounir Zrigui, Georges Antoniadis, and Laroussi Merhbene. "Contribution to Semantic Analysis of Arabic Language." Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2012 (December 25, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/620461.

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We propose a new approach for determining the adequate sense of Arabic words. For that, we propose an algorithm based on information retrieval measures to identify the context of use that is the closest to the sentence containing the word to be disambiguated. The contexts of use represent a set of sentences that indicates a particular sense of the ambiguous word. These contexts are generated using the words that define the senses of the ambiguous words, the exact string-matching algorithm, and the corpus. We use the measures employed in the domain of information retrieval, Harman, Croft, and Okapi combined to the Lesk algorithm, to assign the correct sense of those proposed.

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Al-Dmour, Ayman, and Raed Abu Zitar. "Word Extraction from Arabic Handwritten Documents Based on Statistical Measures." International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS) 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecos.v11i5.9384.

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Du, Chan. "COMPARATIVE STATICS OF OPTIMAL WEIGHTS ON MYOPIC PERFORMANCE MEASURES." Review of Business Research 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/rbr-14-1.1.

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