Journal articles: 'Arachis hypogaea L'

1

Krishna, T. G., and R. Mitra. "Arachin polymorphism in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.)." Phytochemistry 26, no. 4 (1987): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82313-4.

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Stalker, H. T. "Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Field Crops Research 53, no. 1-3 (1997): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00032-4.

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Kraus, Teresa A., Monica A. Grosso, Sara Del C. Basconsuelo, and César A. Bianco. "Wuchsformen bei Arachis hypogaea L." Flora 191, no. 3 (1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30715-6.

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Chen, Ao, Jingyan Li, Heping Wang, and Puyan Zhao. "Identification and Expression Profile of NCED Genes in Arachis hypogaea L. during Drought Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (2024): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105564.

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop that provides essential proteins and oils for human and animal consumption. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) have been found can play a vital role in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and may be a response to drought stress. Until now, in Arachis hypogaea, no information about the NCED gene family has been reported and the importance of NCED-related drought tolerance is unclear. In this study, eight NCED genes in Arachis hypogaea, referred to as AhNCEDs, are distributed across eight chromosomes, with duplication events in AhNCED1 and AhNCED2, AhNCED3 and AhNCED4, and AhNCED6 and AhNCED7. Comparative analysis revealed that NCED genes are highly conserved among plant species, including Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, and Oryza sativa. Further promoter analysis showed AhNCEDs have ABA-related and drought-inducible elements. The phenotyping of Arachis hypogaea cultivars NH5 and FH18 demonstrated that NH5 is drought-tolerant and FH18 is drought-sensitive. Transcriptome expression analysis revealed the differential regulation of AhNCEDs expression in both NH5 and FH18 cultivars under drought stress. Furthermore, compared to the Arachis hypogaea cultivar FH18, the NH5 exhibited a significant upregulation of AhNCED1/2 expression under drought. To sum up, this study provides an insight into the drought-related AhNCED genes, screened out the potential candidates to regulate drought tolerance and ABA biosynthesis in Arachis hypogaea.

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Khairunnisa, Amalia, Pratika Viogenta, Nani Kartinah, Fathur Rahman, and Mulia Mulia. "Peel-off Kefir Mask Arachi (Arachis hypogaea L.): Characterization and Antioxidant Activity." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 1 (2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i1.2597.

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This study aims to determine the best formulation for the peel-off mask Arachi or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Arachis hypogaea kefir as an active ingredient is added with variations in the concentration of F1 (0.5%) and F2 (2%) (w/v). Organoleptic tests, homogeneity, dry time, and pH were carried out on the peel-off mask that had been made. Antioxidant test (DPPH methods) was performed on masks F1 and F2. The results showed that the peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir had the best antioxidant activity at a concentration of 2% (F2) kefir with an IC50 value of 1.865 ppm and was very active. The characteristics of the peel-off mask have good physical stability, proven by not experiencing a change in color, odor, being homogeneous, having good dispersion power, and having a dry time ranging from 10-23 minutes. The pH value of the peel-off mask preparation is 4.52, and it is appropriate with SNI and the pH balance of normal human skin. The peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir can be produced because has good physical stability and antioxidant activity.

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Radhakrishnan, T., T. G. K. Murthy, K. Chandran, and A. Bandyopadhyay. "Micropropagation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Biologia plantarum 43, no. 3 (2000): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026743822546.

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Purnomo, Purnomo, and Nurul Khotimah. "Variations and Phenetic Analysis of Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Based on Morphological Characteristics." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.39390.

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a food commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. At present there has been no analysis of the relationship between peanut cultivars with phenetic methods based on the morphological properties of the plants. Four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. Tuban, Talam 1, Talam 2, and Talam 3 used in this research. Morphological characters data was analyzed by description to construct identification key. Similarity index was counted by Simple Matching Coefficient (SSm) formula based on morphological scoring. Cluster analysis was conducted by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Averages) method to construct dendrogram. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) were performed to defined role of each morphological character in grouping of accessions with MVSP (Multivariate Statistical Program) v. 3.1 software. The dendrogram showed that four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. divided into two main clusters, 4 sub-clusters. The similarity index of clusters is 0.85%.

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Baltensperger, D. D., G. M. Prine, and R. A. Dunn. "Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Arachis Glabrata1." Peanut Science 13, no. 2 (1986): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-13-2-9.

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Abstract Peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria race 1) is an important pest of cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Experimental data do not exist, however, to indicate whether this nematode might be a potential pest of peanuts grown for forage production. Florigraze and Arbrook, two recently released cultivars of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) and P.I. 446898 (Arachis spp.) with perennial forage potential, were evaluated for their interaction with M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. incognita races I and III. Individual plants, grown in 150 cm3 ConetainersR, were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of one of the four Meloidogyne spp. populations. After three months gall and egg mass scores and soil-nematode counts were determined for each plant sample. A second long-term experiment evaluated Florigraze that was repeatedly inoculated with high levels of root-knot nematodes. Both rhizoma peanut cultivars were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested; Florigraze appeared to be immune. P.I. 446898 was intermediate between the rhizoma peanuts and the susceptible alyceclover check. This is the first known report of such high levels of Meloidogyne arenaria resistance in Arachis spp. Further screending of A. hypogaea material can be justified based on these results and Vavilov's “Law of homologous series”. If no resistance is found in A. hypogaea, A. glabrata may provide a source of resistance that may be transferred to A. hypogea through hybridization.

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9

Haryoto, Haryoto. "EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 11, no. 1 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v11i1.63.

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Kulit kacang tanah mengandung luteolin yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi secara in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) pada tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi karagenin Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kontrol negatif menggunakan CMC-Na 0,5% 2,5 mL/200 gBB, kontrol positif menggunakan Na-diklofenak 6,75 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak etanol kulit kacang tanah yang diujikan yaitu dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Larutan uji diberikan secara peroral dengan volume pemberian 2,5 mL/200 gBB 1 jam sebelum kaki hewan uji diradangkan dengan karagenin 1% secara subplantar. Pengukuran volume kaki tikus dilakukan tiap 0,5 jam selama 6 jam. Data volume udem dihitung nilai AUC (Area Under the Curve) rata-rata volume udem terhadap waktu dan persen daya antiinflamasi. Data dianalisis dengan anava satu jalan dan dilanjutkan uji LSD (Least Significant Difference) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol etanol kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogae L.) dengan dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB mempunyai persen daya antiinflamasi berturut-turut sebesar 16,33%; 26,39% dan 31,70%, sedangkan Na-diklofenak 6,75 mg/kgBB sebesar 32,24%.Kata kunci: kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.), ekstrak etanol, antiinflamasi

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10

Medina-Juárez, L. A., M. G. Campos-Mondragón, A. M. Calderón De La Barca, et al. "Nutritional composition of new Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars." Grasas y Aceites 60, no. 2 (2009): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.075008.

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11

Sathiyabama, M., та R. Balasubramanian. "Partial purification and properties of apoplastic β-1,3 glucanases of groundnut leaves treated with glucan isolated from a biocontrol agent, Acremonium obclavatum". Canadian Journal of Botany 78, № 2 (2000): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-174.

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Apoplastic β-1,3 glucanases (G1, G2) of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) leaves treated with glucan have been partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, sephadex G-100, CM-Sephadex, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and preparative native PAGE electrophoretic techniques. The pI values of purified enzymes G1 and G2 were near 8 and 4, respectively. The apparent molecular masses of purified glucanases G1 and G2 from glucan-treated peanut leaves were 36 and 34 kDa, respectively. Both isoforms (G1 and G2) showed their pH optimum of 5.0 and temperature optimum of 40°C. The partially purified enzymes hydrolysed laminarin better than other substrates and inhibited uredospore germination of Puccinia arachidis. Both isoforms (G1 and G2) inhibited spore germination of some biocontrol agents such as Acremonium obclavatum W. Gams, Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. Schw.) Ditmer, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai.Key words: Acremonium obclavatum, Arachis hypogaea, β-1,3 glucanase, glucan, inhibition, Puccinia arachidis.

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12

Simpson, Charles E. "Pathways for Introgression of Pest Resistance into Arachis hypogaea L.1." Peanut Science 18, no. 1 (1991): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-1-8.

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Abstract Four pathways for gene introgression into Arachis hypogaea L. were studied. Two “hexaploid routes” involved direct crosses of diploid Arachis species and diploid species hybrids with A. hypogaea (Pathways 1 and 2, respectively) and were followed by chromosome doubling with colchicine. A third pathway, a tetraploid route, involved chromosome doubling of a diploid hybrid before crossing with A. hypogaea. These first three routes involved only the A genome species, and all were unsuccessful because of lack of fertility. The fourth pathway, also a tetraploid route, utilized the B genome A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. as a bridge species and brought about a successful (fertile) introgression. Genes from A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. and A. chacoensis Krap et Greg. nom. nud. were combined into a hybrid and incorporated into A. hypogaea by using the B genome bridge species. Introgression of additional characters from these and other species through this pathway should be possible.

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13

Chavadhari, R. M., V. H. Kachhadia, J. H. Vachhani, and Sureshkumar Sharma. "Genetic divergence in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 8, no. 3 (2017): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2017.00145.4.

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14

Richburg, John S., John W. Wilcut, and William K. Vencill. "Imazethapyr Systems for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Peanut Science 23, no. 1 (1996): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-23-1-2.

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Abstract Field studies conducted in 1992 at Tifton and Midville, GA and in 1993 at Attapulgus, GA evaluated imazethapyr systems for weed control, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury, and yield. The standard of imazethapyr + paraquat early postemergence (EPOST) followed by paraquat + 2,4-DB + bentazon postemergence (POST) controlled at least 87% of bristly starbur, prickly sida, smallflower morningglory, and yellow nutsedge and the peanut crop yielded 3310 kg/ha. This standard controlled Florida beggarweed (46 and 83% control) and sicklepod (74 and 88% control) in 1992 and 1993; respectively. Imazethapyr PPI at 36 and 72 g/ha controlled bristly starbur 78 and 100%, respectively, and controlled prickly sida and smallflower morningglory at least 90%. Imazethapyr PPI at 36 and 72 g/ha controlled yellow nutsedge 83 and 80%, respectively. Imazethapyr did not control sicklepod or Florida beggarweed. Control of these two species and high peanut yields required a POST application of a paraquat mixture.

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15

Murty, U. R., and M. R. Jahnavi. "The "A" genome of Arachis hypogaea L." CYTOLOGIA 51, no. 2 (1986): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.51.241.

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16

Sankaran, V. M., and G. Kuppuswamy. "Intercropping Studies in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 168, no. 1 (1992): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1992.tb00974.x.

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17

Konsaeng, Sawika, Bernard Dell, and Benjavan Rerkasem. "Boron mobility in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Plant and Soil 330, no. 1-2 (2009): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0199-3.

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18

Raghuwanshi, Satyendra Singh, V. H. Kachadia, J. H. Vachhani, L. L. Jivani, Ashok Kumar Malav, and Shakti Singh Bhati. "Selection indices in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 7, no. 1 (2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2016.00019.3.

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19

TAHIR, A., R. AKHTAR, M. LATEEF, et al. "In-vitro efficacy of Arachis hypogaea (Peanut) peels extract against Haemonchus contortus." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 71, no. 2 (2020): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.24082.

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Synthetic anthelmintics are becoming ineffective due to development of parasitic resistance. For this reason, traditional medicinal plants are being explored for their anthelmintic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) peels against Haemonchus contortus. To assess the anthelmintic effect of Arachis hypogaea L. on 3 life cycles of Haemonchus contortus, egg hatch assay (EHA), larval developmental assay (LDA) and adult motility assay (AMA) were conducted. In these tests, methanol and n-hexane extracts of the plant were used in three concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml. Levamisole and PBS were used as positive and negative control groups respectively. Results of these tests showed that methanol extract of Arachis hypogaea L. had higher anthelmintic effect than that of n-hexane extract. Overall both extracts exhibited a significant (p<0.05) dose and a time dependent anthelmintic effect. At 20 mg/ml, methanol extract and n-hexane extract showed 87% and 80% egg hatching inhibition respectively. Methanol and n-hexane extracts at 20 mg/ml showed 83.3% and 76.6% larval mortality respectively. Adult motility test with both extracts showed maximum immobilization of worms after 6 hours of treatment at 20 mg/ml concentration. It is concluded that peels of Arachis hypogaea possess significant anthelmintic potential against nematodes. It may be suggested that the plant can be used further to investigate the in-vivo activity.

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Nidianti, Ersalina, Devyana Dyah Wulandari, and Chika Nur Azizah. "Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah pada Mencit (Mus musculus L)." Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech 7, no. 1 (2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51817/bjp.v7i1.433.

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Diabetes mellitus merupakan kelompok penyakit terkait metabolik dengan ciri hiperglikemia kronis yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Prevalensi diabetes diperkirakan meningkat seiring penambahan umur penduduk dari 111,2 juta orang pada umur 65-79 tahun. Angka tersebut diprediksi terus meningkat hingga mencapai 578 juta di tahun 2030 dan 700 juta di tahun 2045. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek pemberian ekstrak kacang tanah (Arachise hypogaea L) terhadap kadar gula darah pada mencit (Mus musculus L). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental, dengan desain Pre-post test only control group. Sampel yang digunakan darah mencit.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata jumlah kadar gula darah kelompok tanpa perlakuan yaitu (69,91 mg/dL), aquades (189,60 mg/dL), ekstrak kacang tanah dosis 25% (156,93 mg/dL), ekstrak kacang tanah dosis 50% (88,25 mg/dL) dan ekstrak kacang tanah dosis 75% (80,07 mg/dL). Kesimpulan diperoleh bahwa terdapat efek Pemberian Ekstrak Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Mencit (Mus musculus L).

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Suradkar, Dr Santosh W., and Prof R. A. Satpute Prof. R. A. Satpute. "Biochemical Investigation of 24 Prominent Mutants of Arachis Hypogaea (L.)." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/209.

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22

Nautiyal, P. C. "Seed and seedling vigour traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Seed Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (2009): 721–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2009.37.3.19.

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23

Grimm, D. T., T. H. Sanders, H. E. Pattee, D. E. Williams, and S. Sanchez-Dominguez. "Chemical Composition of Arachis hypogaea L. Subsp. hypogaea Var. hirsuta Peanuts1." Peanut Science 23, no. 2 (1996): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-23-2-9.

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Abstract The biochemical composition of seed collected from six landrace accessions of Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hirsuta was investigated. Florida-grown runner- (cv. Florunner) and virginia-type (cv. NC 7) seed were used as comparative controls. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from hexane-extracted oil and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Oil stability was determined using oxidative stability instrumentation. Tocopherols, free amino acids, and free sugars were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total oil content ranged from 36-45% for var. hirsuta seed as compared to 46 and 45% for Florunner and NC 7, respectively. Oleic acid/linoleic acid ratios ranged from 0.76-0.95 for the var. hirsuta peanuts as compared to runner (1.71) and virginia (2.1) controls. Tocopherol levels for var. hirsuta (295-377 ppm in oil) were similar to NC 7 (30 ppm) and lower than Florunner (425 ppm). Oil quality characteristics were reflected in much shorter oil stability index times for var. hirsuta seed (5.9-8.0 hr) compared to Florunner (11.6 hr) and NC 7 (12.9 hr). In general, var. hirsuta peanuts contained more free sugars (141-178 μmol/g defatted meal) and free amino acids (18.5-37.2 μmol/g defatted meal) than Florunner (127 and 20.2 μmol/g defatted meal free sugars and free amino acids, respectively) or NC 7 (122 and 20.3 μmol/g defatted meal).

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Grichar, W. James, and Thurman E. Boswell. "Herbicide Combinations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)." Weed Technology 1, no. 4 (1987): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029766.

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When tank mixed with certain boadleaf-selective herbicides, fluazifop {(+)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid}, and fluazifop-P {(R)-2-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} were less effective in controlling two annual grasses, Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. #3PANTE) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA]. These herbicides were applied alone or were combined with the broadleaf-selective herbicides bentazon {3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,l,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide} and/or 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid]. The herbicide combinations controlled smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. #CYPES). Increasing the rates of the grass-selective herbicides in the mixture reduced the adverse effects of 2,4-DB or bentazon.

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Lyerly, J. H., H. T. Stalker, J. W. Moyer, and K. Hoffman. "Evaluation of Arachis Species for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus." Peanut Science 29, no. 2 (2002): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.29.2.0001.

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Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important plant pathogen with a wide host range, including the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). After initial outbreaks on peanut during the 1980s, the virus has spread to all peanut-producing states in the U.S. TSWV is transmitted by several species of thrips which are difficult to control with insecticides; therefore, control of TSWV most likely will come from selecting resistant genotypes in breeding programs. Although moderate levels of resistance have been discovered in A. hypogaea, complete virus resistance has not been found. Several Arachis species have desirable genes for plant resistances and tolerate many disease and insect pests better than the cultivated species. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate TSWV disease incidence and severity in accessions of Arachis species, and (b) compare levels of TSWV resistance in diploid species to selected A. hypogaea genotypes. In this study, 46 diploid Arachis spp. accessions were evaluated in the greenhouse by artificial inoculation tests for resistance to TSWV. Nine Arachis accessions were observed with no disease symptoms when TSWV isolate 10 was used as opposed to A. hypogaea lines that ranged from moderately to highly susceptible. Additional testing with more virulent isolates identified A. diogoi accession GKP 10602 and A. correntina accession GKP 9530 as highly resistant to the virus. These two accessions are being used as parents in crossing programs to incorporate TSWV resistance genes into A. hypogaea.

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Rizal, Syamsul, Yunita Panca Putri, and Ima Santika. "Inventarisasi Gulma Pada Pertanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Sumatera Selatan." Indobiosains 5, no. 1 (2023): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/indobiosains.v5i1.9215.

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Research on the inventory of weeds on peanuts crops (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the village of Tanjung Merindu sub district Tanjung Lubuk Ogan Komering Ilir, has been carried out paper March to April 2019. This study aims to determine what kind of weed found in peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the village of Tanjung Merindu sub district Tanjung Lubuk Ogan Komering Ilir. The research used descriptive survey method with exploring technique. Weeds that can be made key determination, identification, and made herbarium. Result of research got 2 Division, 3 Class, 7 Ordo, 7 Familia, 9 Genus, and 9 Species weeds are: Cyperus rotundus L., Axonopus compressus Swartz., Imperata cylindrica L., Brachiaria mutica Forsk., Euphorbia hirta L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Mimosa pudica Duchass., Cleome rutidosperma Backer., dan Neprholepis exaltata Schott.Â Keywords: Inventory, Weeds, Peanuts.Â

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Simpson, C. E., A. Krapovickas, and J. F. M. Valls. "History of Arachis Including Evidence of A. hypogaea L. Progenitors." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (2001): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-7.

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Abstract The genus Arachis L. probably originated as a geocarpic form of Stylosanthes Sw. on the old Brazilian Shield in what is now southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil or northeastern Paraguay. Several mid-Tertiary uplifts followed, raising the penaplain and the ancient Arachis with it. The two most ancient species are still found in the area today, comprising the taxonomic section Trierectoides Krapov. and W.C. Gregory. From this beginning the other species and sections evolved as the shield was uplifted and eroded by the tributaries. The more advanced species, but still quite ancient, are in sections Extranervosae Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, Triseminatae Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, Heteranthae Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, and Erectoides Krapov. and W.C. Gregory. The evolution and distribution of these species was a slow process because of the geocarpic fruit, which would have limited movement to an estimated 1 m/yr. However, after several geologic uplifts, flowing water likely played a large part in the distribution of the Arachis species. From the early materials evolved the more advanced species in sections Caulorrhizae Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, Procumbentes Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, and Rhizomatosae Krapov. and W.C. Gregory. The evolution of species in the most advanced section Arachis, which includes the cultivated peanut, has overlapped the distribution of other sections, and the distribution of some members of section Arachis has been strongly affected by man. There is evidence that development of the major domesticated species, A. hypogaea L., did not occur in the wild, and extensive supportive data now exist on two other cultivated Arachis species still grown in Brazil for food and medicinal use—A. villosulicarpa Hoehne and A. stenosperma Krapov. and W.C. Gregory. Arachis hypogaea seeds likely moved to China and Africa with ancient mariners well before the time of Columbus. After discovery of the Western Hemisphere and the conquests, many forms of A. hypogaea spread to Africa and Asia. Later the cultivated peanut traveled in slave ships from Africa into the southeastern U.S., Central America, and northeast South America, thus returning modified germplasm to the Americas. No evidence has been found that native Americans brought the peanut, along with corn (Zea mays L), to the east coast of North America in pre-Columbian times.

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Garcia, G. M., H. T. Stalker, and G. Kochert. "Introgression analysis of an interspecific hybrid population in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) using RFLP and RAPD markers." Genome 38, no. 1 (1995): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-021.

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Forty-six introgression lines (F10C9) from a cross between Arachis hypogaea L. (2n = 4x = 40) and A. cardenasii Krapov. &W.C. Gregory (2n = 2x = 20) were analyzed for the introgression of A. cardenasii chromosome segments. Seventy-three RFLP probes and 70 RAPD primers, expressing from one to four A. cardenasii-specific bands, were used to evaluate the set of introgression lines. Thirty-four RFLP probes and 45 RAPD primers identified putative A. cardenasii introgressed chromosome segments in one or more lines. Introgressed segments were detected by RFLP analysis in 10 of the 11 linkage groups; the smallest introgressed fragments were detected by single RFLP markers and the largest were detected by three or four adjacent markers and represented introgressed segments of 30–40 cM. Similar results were obtained with RAPD markers, although markers detecting introgressed fragments could not be placed on the peanut linkage map. Introgression into both A. hypogaea genomes was detected and its implication in breeding for disease resistance is discussed.Key words: peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Arachis cardenasii, RFLPs, RAPDs, introgression, reciprocal recombination, translocation, alien gene transfer, wide cross.

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Soave, J. H., C. A. Bianco, and T. A. Kraus. "Descripción de dos nuevos cultivares de maní (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea)." AgriScientia 21, no. 2 (2004): 85–88. https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v21.n2.2671.

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Córdoba es la principal provincia productora de maní (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) de la Argentina, con más del 90 % del área sembrada. Para satisfacer la demanda de los mercados surge la necesidad de la creación permanente de nuevos cultivares, mejorados por la calidad, tamaño y contenidos grasos de sus semillas. En esta comunicación se presentan los cultivares “Manigran” (origen genético: R.C. 382 y J.S. 286) y “Granoleico” (origen genético: “Tegua” e I.J.S. 95-1-línea alto oleico). Los ensayos comparativos de rendimiento se realizaron en las instalaciones del Criadero “El Carmen”, ubicado en General Cabrera (Córdoba, Argentina), y en distintas localidades (Huinca Renancó y Tartagal) durante tres años consecutivos. El diseño empleado fue el de bloques completos aleatorizados con cinco repeticiones. El cultivar “Manigran” produce un 78 % más de semillas grandes con respecto a otros que se siembran en la región manisera (2 mm más largas y 3 mm más anchas comparado al cultivar “Tegua”), siendo por ello recomendable para su comercialización como “maní confitería”. El cultivar “Granoleico” presenta una relación oleico/linoleico alta (18,95) con respecto al “Tegua” (1,35) y al “M-458” (11,2). Esta característica le confiere una menor susceptibilidad a la oxidación atmosférica

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Krishna, T. G., S. E. Pawar, and R. Mitra. "Variation and inheritance of the arachin polypeptides of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 73, no. 1 (1986): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00273723.

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Niranjana, Niranjana J., Kandasamy Arun Gandhi, D. Sunmathi, and P. Nanthavanan. "Extraction, Characterization and Partial Purification of L-Asparaginase from the Leaves of Arachis Hypogaea L." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 3 (2019): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2783.

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L-asparaginase has been a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. In recent times, due to the side effects of commercially available bacterial L-asparaginase and its unavoidable importance, plants are being explored as the source of L-asparaginase. The enzyme L-asparaginase was partially purified from Arachis hypogaea L. The crude enzyme extract was subjected to different purification steps including ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis followed by separation on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration (size exclusion chromatography) to obtain partially pure form of L - asparaginase. The enzyme was partially purified to 118 folds and contained specific activity of 4686.86 U/mg with 9.85% yield. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the partially purified enzyme revealed that it was a single protein with molecular weight of 70 kDa. The study on physiochemical properties showed that L - asparaginase from Arachis hypogaea L. was potassium-dependent in nature, where its optimum pH of enzyme activity was found to be 8.0 and temperature as 40°/50°C with reaction time of 15 - 20 minutes. Also it was observed that the L-asparaginase activity increased with the presence of metal ions such as Na+, Mg++, making it an enzyme dependent on metal ions for its reaction. In addition to this, it was revealed that the enzyme was partially inhibited in presence of certain chelators. The specificity of L-asparaginase obtained from Arachis hypogaea L. with lack of urease activity and minimal glutaminase activity along with less cytotoxicity on human blood indicated it as an efficient chemotherapeutic agent that could be investigated further in future studies.

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Krapovickas, Antonio, and Ricardo O. Vanni. "EL MANÍ DE LLULLAILLACO." Bonplandia 18, no. 1 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.1811347.

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<div>El maní arqueológico hallado a 6715 m de altura en el cerro Llullaillaco (24º45’S-68º30’W) se</div><div>identifica como Arachis hypogaea L. var. hypogaea, raza ‘Guaycurú’, cultivo de las tierras</div><div>bajas de Sudamérica</div>

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Rampa, Ester, Beatrice Patiung, and Herlando Sinaga. "IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR Aspergillus sp. PADA KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L) YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR YOUTEFA KOTA JAYAPURA PAPUA." Jurnal Biogenerasi 7, no. 1 (2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v7i1.1693.

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Research has been carried out with the title "Identification of Aspergillus sp. On Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L) which are sold in Youtefa Market, Jayapura City”. The research was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cendrawasih University, from January 9, 2021 to April 9, 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was contamination of the fungus Aspergillus sp. on peanuts circulating in Youtefa Market, Jayapura city. This type of research is descriptive research with laboratory experiments. The population in this study were all peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L) which were sold at Youtefa Market, Jayapura city. The samples used in this study were peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L) in 5 different places each weighing 100 grams which were sold at the Youtefa market, and the samples were taken randomly. Isolation of Aspergillus sp. It was carried out by pouring cup method on PDA media, then macroscopic identification and microscopic identification were carried out. The results showed that samples of peanuts from 2 different types, namely 5 samples of dark brown peanuts were positive for contamination with the fungus Aspergillus sp. and 5 samples of brownish white peanuts were positive for Aspergillus sp. And Penicillium sp.

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Santos, Andressa Alves Cabreira dos, Altacis Junior de Oliveira, Taniele Carvalho de Oliveira, Anny Karoline Neves da Cruz, and Mirian da Silva Almici. "A cultura do Arachis hypogaea L.: Uma revisão." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (2021): e24910212719. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12719.

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O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) é uma das oleaginosas mais cultivadas no mundo, originária da América do Sul e pertencente à família Fabaceae. É uma cultura que se desenvolve bem em diferentes condições de temperaturas, clima e solo, de maneira que, é considerada uma planta rústica, porém, requer cuidados específicos para se obter uma boa produtividade. A cultura tem grande importância econômica por estar ligada diretamente com a indústria, por possuir alto valor nutricional, com uma composição rica em óleo e proteínas. Logo é utilizada com diversas finalidades, desde consumo in natura, torrado, confeitaria, como na indústria alimentícia onde se faz pastas, extração de óleo ou ainda para produção de farelo, destinada a alimentação animal. O cultivo do amendoim é feito em todo o Brasil. A região sudeste se destaca por ser a maior produtora, tendo São Paulo como o maior estado produtor. Desta forma, a concentração de estudos é voltada para estas áreas, bem como na região Nordeste, em que o cultivo é feito em condições de sequeiro. Tendo em vista os aspectos observados o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de apresentar uma revisão de literatura, pois, é fundamental para auxiliar leitores com informações apropriadas, para consequente melhoria na produção desta cultura.

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Chavadhari, R. M., V. H. Kachhadia, J. H. Vachhani, and M. B. Virani. "Genetic variability studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 8, no. 4 (2017): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2017.00184.3.

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P. Prasanthi, K. John, and P. Latha. "Nutritional Variability Studies in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2021): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1006.057.

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Nisfi Ramdhini, Rizki, Isna Mulyani, and Syaikhul Aziz. "TELAAH FITOKIMIA KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea, L)." JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung 10, no. 1 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jfl.v10i1.498.

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Peanut peel are a waste product of the peanut processing industry with little commercial value. Some of studies have been conducted indicating peanut peel can be beneficial as a source for traditional medicinal products since it is also rich of antioxidants. The aim of this research was to identify the content of secondary metabolites on the peanut peel. The method used was maseration with 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening and assaying were performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results of TLC analysis showed that the secondary metabolites in peanut peel were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and quinon. Keywords: Peanut peel, Phytochemical, Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC)

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Wilcut, John W., John S. Richburg, Gerald Wiley, F. Robert Walls, Stan R. Jones, and Maynard J. Iverson. "Imidazolinone Herbicide Systems for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Peanut Science 21, no. 1 (1994): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-21-1-7.

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Abstract Field studies conducted in 1990 and 1991 at five locations in Georgia and one location in Virginia in 1991 evaluated imazethapyr [2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] and AC 263,222 [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%. Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%. AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed greater than 92% when applied EPOST and from 54 to 100% when applied postemergence (POST). Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI) controlled bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium DC.) 89% and imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%. Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI and 93% as an EPOST application. AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%. Peanut yields were higher with AC 263,222 than with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr systems that included alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), lactofen ([(±)2-ethoxy-l-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid], paraquat [1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion] + 2,4-DB, pyridate [O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazinyl)-S-octyl carbonothioate] + 2,4-DB, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], or 2,4-DB provided yields equivalent to AC 263,222.

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Ozias-Akins, Peggy, William F. Anderson, and C. Corley Holbrook. "Somatic embryogenesis in Arachis hypogaea L.: genotype comparison." Plant Science 83, no. 1 (1992): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(92)90067-v.

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Raghuwanshi, Satyenrda Singh, V. H. Kachhadia, J. H. Vachhani, L. L. Jivani, and M. B. Patel. "Genetic divergence in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 7, no. 1 (2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2016.00020.x.

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V, MANOHARAN, VINDHIYA VARMAN P, and SETHUPATHI RAMALINGAM R. "CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) HYBRIDS." Madras Agricultural Journal 77, september December (1990): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02010.

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The F1 generation of 21 cross combinations of groundnut was studied. Pod number was positively associated with pod yield while plant height was negatively correlated with yield. Pod number and plant height were also negatively correlated. Pod number and 100 pod weight had higher positive direct effect on yield. Plant height had negative indirect influence through pod number. Therefore selection for pod number and weight will be helpful for yield improvement in groundnut.

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42

Berhanu, Habte, Fikadu Tadesse, and Hussein Abro. "Registration of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Variety, ‘Burree’." Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology 15, no. 3 (2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2023/v15i38477.

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Burree (19748) is a new groundnut variety released by Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fadis Agricultural Research Center in 2022 after being evaluated by the Technical Committee of the National Variety Release Committee (NVRC) at Fadis, Babile (Erer), and Mechara in the previous three consecutive years (2018-2021). In the Regional Variety Trial, the Burree variety was compared to ten other groundnut genotypes and one standard check, Babile-2. During the Verification Trial, Burree was compared against the standard check - Babile-2 and Milkaye - in a variety of Verification. On average, the variety Burree produced grain yields of 2.3-2.8 t ha-1 in the research field and 1.8-2.1 t ha-1 on the farmers' field. The variety also demonstrated an 18% yield advantage over the standard check, Babile-2. The GGE - plot analysis also revealed that the Burree variety was a high yielder and disease resistant/tolerant. As a result, the Burree variety was formally released for use in Eastern Oromia and other comparable agro-ecologies, and it is being managed by the Fadis Agricultural Research Center.

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Pattee, H. E., H. T. Stalker, and F. G. Giesbrecht. "Reproductive Efficiency in Reciprocal Crosses of Arachis monticola with A. hypogaea Subspecies1." Peanut Science 25, no. 1 (1998): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-3.

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Abstract Wild species of Arachis encompass a large number of species which can provide valuable genetic resources for improving A. hypogaea L., the domesticated peanut. Arachis monticola Krapov. and Rig. is the only species which is both cross compatible with A. hypogaea and at the same ploidy level. An evaluation of reproductive efficiency in crosses between A. hypogaea and A. monticola was conducted to better understand the potential for utilization of this germplasm. This study documents the reproductive efficiency of A. monticola in reciprocal crosses with A. hypogaea subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea cvs. Florunner and NC 6; A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris cv. Argentine; and A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata cv. New Mexico Valencia C by using selfs as controls. A significant maternal effect was observed among selfs and hybrids for timing of fertilization. Selfs of Florunner and New Mexico Valencia C initiated fertilization by 1 d after pollination, whereas syngamy did not occur in selfs of NC 6, Argentine or A. monticola until after day 1. Fertilization approached 100% in A. monticola and A. hypogaea genotypes except for New Mexico Valencia C, which only had 70% of the eggs fertilized. Embryo abortion was observed in both selfs and interspecific hybrids, with the highest rates in selfs after the pegs entered the soil; but in hybrids abortion also occurred as the peg elongated. Crosses were generally more successful when A. hypogaea was the female parent, and developing cultivars with A. monticola cytoplasm will be difficult. Sixty to more than 90% of growing ovules aborted in different interspecific crosses. Arachis monticola selfs and hybrids most closely followed the pattern of reproductive development of A. hypogaea cv. Argentine, which lends support to the theory that A. monticola is a weedy derivative of the cultivated peanut.

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Basha, Sheikh M. "Accumulation Pattern of Arachin in Maturing Peanut Seed1." Peanut Science 16, no. 2 (1989): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-16-2-3.

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Abstract Accumulation pattern and compositional changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Florunner) arachin were determined by monitoring arachin from seeds of different maturities by gel filtration, two dimensional gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The results indicated that arachin deposition was maximum between Immature and Intermediate stages, and that the arachin monomer increased more than the polymer during seed maturation. Arachin polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 70,000: 32,000 and 29,000 increased in abundance with increasing maturity while a 50,000 molecular weight polypeptide decreased during seed maturation. In addition, amino acid composition of arachin differed in seeds of different maturities. These data suggest that arachin polypeptides are not deposited in equal amounts but individual polypeptides accumulate in different proportions during peanut seed maturation.

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Stalker, H. T., and L. G. Mozingo. "Molecular Markers of Arachis and Marker-Assisted Selection." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (2001): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-13.

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Abstract Many agronomic traits are difficult to select in Arachis hypogaea L. by conventional selection techniques, and marker-assisted selection offers an additional tool for obtaining improved germplasm lines. Molecular markers allow more efficient selection and offer a mechanism to eliminate undesirable traits associated with hybridizing diverse genotypes. The cultivated peanut has been analyzed by several marker systems, including RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, and SSRs. Variation has been observed among diverse genotypes in approximately 5% of the markers analyzed, but the number is much lower between pairs of A. hypogaea lines. Conversely, a large amount of variation has been observed among Arachis species. Molecular maps have been constructed independently in two laboratories by utilizing Arachis species; however, a map of the cultivated peanut will be very difficult and costly to produce. Studies of advanced-generation inter-specific hybrids have shown that A. cardenasii genes can be incorporatead into most linkage groups of A. hypogaea, indicating that A. hypogaea is not an allotetraploid in the classical sense where chromosomes from donor species are nonhomologous. Other molecular studies have identified A. duranensis and A. ipaensis as likely progenitor species of A. hypogaea. Associations of molecular markers with genes conditioning disease and insect resistances have been detected, and these investigations are beginning to be productive for selecting improved breeding lines and cultivars of peanut.

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Grosso, Nelson R., and Carlos A. Guzmán. "Lipid, Protein, and Ash Contents, and Fatty Acid and Sterol Compositions of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds from Ecuador." Peanut Science 22, no. 2 (1995): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-22-2-2.

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Abstract Oil and protein percentages, ash, iodine value, fatty acid and sterol compositions were studied in 28 Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars originating from Ecuador. Results showed lower protein percentages in the varieties hypogaea (27.3%) and hirsuta (25.9%) than in the varieties fastigiata (29.4%), peruviana (29.4%), and aequatoriana (31.3%). The principal fatty acids were linoleic and oleic. The variety hypogaea exhibited higher concentrations of oleic acid (45.1%). The sterol composition showed higher concentration of β-sitosterol following by campesterol, stigmasterol, and Δ5-avenasterol.

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Rui, Mengmeng, Chuanxin Ma, Jason C. White, et al. "Metal oxide nanoparticles alter peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) physiological response and reduce nutritional quality: a life cycle study." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 9 (2018): 2088–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en00436f.

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G. Amalan Robert and R. Kalaikandhan, S. Mathivanan, AL A. Chidambaram,. "Impact of PGPR inoculation on photosynthetic pigment and protein contents in Arachis hypogaea L." Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1 (May 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1i0.24.

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The impact of microbial consortium comprising plant development advancing rhizobacteria (PGPR) like Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Bacillus were tried independently and in blend of Arachis hypogaea. The mixes of previously mentioned PGPR strains essentially expanded photosynthetic color (chlorophyll an and b, add up to chlorophyll and carotenoid) and protein content in A. hypogaea, when contrasted with the un-inoculated control. The consequences of this study propose that PGPR connected in mix can possibly build the photosynthetic colors and protein substance of A. hypogaea which can be a potential tool in increasing the yield in this economically important crop in sustainable way.

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Radhakrishnan, T., T. G. K. Murthy, K. Chandran, and A. Bandyopadhyay. "Somatic embryogenesis in Arachis hypogaea: revisited." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 6 (2001): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99072.

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Direct somatic embryogenesis is an efficient method of plant regeneration, allowing rapid multiplication of plants in a short period. Six experiments were conducted to study the influence of auxin level on somatic embryogenesis and to optimise the concentration of auxins. Immature embryo axis was the ideal explant and 20–40 mg L–1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was the best concentration range for obtaining the maximum number of free somatic embryos. Significant differences were observed between the genotypes for induction and the number of somatic embryos per explant. The cv. Girnar 1 produced the maximum number of somatic embryos per explant, the number of secondary somatic embryos ranging from 1.5 to 9.4. The overall germination of somatic embryos was 42.8%, and 65% of the plantlets transferred to the field survived. The development of somatic embryos was from the apical region of the embryo axes without undergoing dedifferentiation. The initial cell divided to form a tier of four cells and subsequent anticlinal and periclinal division resulted in the development of globular somatic embryos with small suspensors, followed by heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped and ‘cotyledonary’ stages.

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Zahran, Hamdy A., and Hesham Z. Tawfeuk. "Physicochemical properties of new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties." OCL 26 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019018.

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Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the major oilseed crops of the world and are an important source of protein in many countries. In this study, some nutrients and characteristics of the seeds’ oil extracted from four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties: Line 27r (Israel), Line 9 (Malawi), Line 4 (Brazil) and Line 18 (Israel) cultivated, for first time, in Upper Egypt were subjected to the comparative assessment with control NC variety (USA). Peanut seeds are a rich source of oil content (50.45 to 52.12 g 100 g−1 dry weight “DW”). The physicochemical properties of extracted oil were investigated in this study. The obtained data showed that the ratios of saturated fatty acids ranged from 14.24 to 17.23%, and the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 82.77 to 85.76%. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) of oil content, saponification value, oleic/linoleic (O/L), and oil characteristics were found. Line 9 was found to be high in oil content, while Line 27r was said to have a high O/L ratio (3.22%) and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (85.76%).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Arachis hypogaea L'

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