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Laceb, Ferhat. "La diplomatie américaine et le conflit israélo-arabe de 1967 à 1979." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30008.
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Tous les présidents américains depuis Lyndon Johnson sont devenus profondément impliqués dans la diplomatie entourant le conflit israélo-arabe,car si les Etats-Unis jouent son rôle de médiateur habile, peut également contribuer à la résolution du différend entre Israël et ses voisins arabes.Compte tenu de la complexité du défi, la politique américaine a montré une remarquable constance et succès surprenants. L’Égypte et Israël sont en paix avec l'autre et sont à la fois ami proche des Etats-Unis.Plus récemment, d'autres partis arabes ont commencé à négocier avec Israël sous égide américaine. L'un des points sur lesquels les présidents des deux partis politiques ont convenu, c'est que d'un rôle américain en faveur de la paix israélo-arabe est compatible avec les intérêts nationaux américains.Nous fournissons une étude détaillée de la politique américaine à l'égard du conflit israélo-arabe de la crise qui a abouti à la guerre de Juin 1967 jusqu'à la signature du traité de paix en 1979 à Camp DavidElle évalue l'approche initiale de chaque administration pour le problème de la paix, ainsi que l'évolution de la politique comme il a affronté les réalités tenaces de la région et les champs de mines de la controverse politique intérieureAll US presidents since Lyndon Johnson became deeply involved in the diplomacy surrounding the Arab-Israeli conflict.In view of the complexity of the challenge, US policy has shown remarkable consistency and surprising success. Egypt and Israel are at peace with each other and are both close friends of the United States.More recently, other Arab parties began to negotiate with Israel under US auspices. One of the points on which the presidents of both political parties agreed was that of an American role for the Arab-Israeli peace is consistent with US national interests.We provide a detailed study of American policy toward the Arab-Israeli conflict from the June 1967 war to the peace treaty of Camp David in 1979 .It assesses the initial approach of each administration to the problem of peace, and the evolution of politics as it faced the tough realities of the region and the minefield of domestic political controversy.Suggérer une modification
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Silva, Miguel Machado da. "An?lise clad?stica e revis?o taxon?mica de Tobias Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6658.
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Since the original proposition of Thomisidae, much has been discussed about its taxonomy and intra-family relations. The subfamily Stephanopinae comprises individuals characterized by the presence of cheliceral teeth and by the anterior legs stronger and larger than the posterior ones, however, the monophyly of this group has not been corroborated due their dubious diagnostic characters and by the lack of revisional studies on several of its component genera. A phylogenetic analysis followed by a morphological revision of the spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895 are performed. The analysis is based on a matrix with 29 terminal taxa (7 in ingroup and 22 in outgroup) scored for 87 morphological characters. The implied weighting analysis resulted in one most parcimonious tree with 294 steps obtained in 16 distortion groups, which support that Tobias is paraphyletic with Epicadus Simon, 1895, and considered its junior synonym. Onocolus Simon, 1895 emerge as the sister group of Epicadus. Epicadus pulcher Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus epicadoides Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1944 and Epicadus regius Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov., Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909 is proposed as senior synonym of Epicadus inermis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus martinezi Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov. and Epicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus paraguayensis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. and Epicadus planus Mello-Leit?o, 1932. New distribution records and redescriptions are provided. The species latter described in Tobias, Epicadus caudatus Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus pustulosus Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1929, and also the original species Epicadus heterogaster (Gu?rin, 1829) and Epicadus rubripes Mello-Leit?o, 1924 were recently revised, thus, they were not described in the present study. After the cladistics analysis, Epicadus now comprises 9 species.
Desde a proposi??o original de Thomisidae, muito se tem discutido a respeito de sua taxonomia e rela??es intrafamiliares. A subfam?lia Stephanopinae ? formada por indiv?duos caracterizados pela presen?a de dentes nas quel?ceras e pernas anteriores maiores e mais robustas que as posteriores, no entanto, a monofilia deste grupamento n?o tem sido corroborada em fator dos caracteres diagn?sticos d?bios e pelo grande n?mero de g?neros que ainda n?o foram submetidos a estudos revisivos. No presente trabalho s?o apresentadas uma an?lise clad?stica e uma revis?o taxonomica do g?nero Tobias Simon, 1895. A an?lise ? baseada em uma matriz com 29 t?xons terminais (7 no grupo interno e 22 no grupo externo) e 87 caracteres morfol?gicos. A an?lise de pesagem impl?cita resultou em uma ?rvore mais parcimoniosa obtida em 16 grupos de distor??o e com 294 passos, que suportam Tobias como um grupo parafil?tico com Epicadus Simon, 1895, e seu sin?nimo j?nior. Onocolus Simon, 1895 surgiu como grupo irm?o de Epicadus. Epicadus pulcher Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus epicadoides Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1944 e Epicadus regius Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov., Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909 ? proposto como sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus inermis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus martinezi Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov. e Epicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus paraguayensis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. e Epicadus planus Mello-Leit?o, 1932. Novos registros de distribui??o e redescri??es s?o apresentados para as esp?cies supracitadas. As esp?cies anteriormente descritas em Tobias, Epicadus caudatus Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1929 e Epicadus pustulosus Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., juntamente com Epicadus heterogaster (Gu?rin, 1829) e Epicadus rubripes Mello-Leit?o, 1929 foram redescritas recentemente e portanto n?o foram inclu?das no presente estudo. Ap?s a an?lise clad?stica, Epicadus agora compreende 9 esp?cies.
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Braul, J?nior Augusto. "Revis?o sistem?tica das esp?cies de Vinnius Simon, 1902 e a proposi??o de dois novos g?neros (Araneae, Salticidae)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/268.
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Previous issue date: 1998-12-28The genus Vinnius was proposed by Simon in 1902. The species included in it up to now are: Vinnius subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902, Vinnius carinatus Simon, 1902, Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902, Vinnius lartiguei Simon, 1903, Vinnius petropolis (MeIlo-Leit?o, 1943), Vinnius reticulatus Mello-Leit?o, 1943 and Vinnius paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947, all from the Neotropical Region. After the examen of the types of all species it was possible to evidence that Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902 and Vinnius carinatus Simon, 1902 are not congeneric with Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, the type-species selected by him for the new proposed genus. Supported by this fact, two new genera are proposed. The genus Arnoliseus, with two species, A. caicarifer (Simon, 1902), a new combination and A. graciosa sp.n. and the genus Frespera also with two species, F. carinata (Simon, 1902), new combination and F. meridionalis sp.n. Vinnius maculaticeps is consideres a junior synonym of Vinnius subfasciatus (C.L.Koch, 1846), Vinnius Iartiguei Simon, 1903 of Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902 and Vinnius paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947 of Vinnius calcarifer. Vinnius reticulatus Mello-Leit?o, 1942 is transfered to the genus Chira. Vinnius petropolis is considered a species Inquirenda. After this study the genus Vinnius remains with only four species: Vinnius subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902, and the two new ones herein proposed Vinnius buzius sp.n. and Vinnius camacan sp.n. The females of Arnoliseus calcarifer (Simon, 1902) and, F. carinata (Simon, 1902) are described for the first time.
O g?nero Vinnius Simon, 1902, apresenta nove esp?cies: V. subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, V. Uncatus Simon, 1902, V. carinatus Simon, 1902, V. calcarifer Simon, 1902, V. Iartiguei Simon, 1903, V. petropolis (Mello-Leit?o, 1943), V. reticulatus Meio-Leit?o, 1943, V. paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947 todas Neotropicais. Com o estudo dos tipos, p?de- se comprovar que Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902 e V. carinatus Simon, 1902 n?o s?o congen?ricas com V. maculaticeps Simon, 1902, esp?cie-tipo do g?nero, o que torna possivel a proposi??o de dois novos g?neros. Prop?e-se o g?nero Arnoliseus para abrigar A. calcarifer (Simon, 1902) comb. nov, e mais uma nova esp?cie; A. graciosa sp.n e o g?nero Frespera para abrigar F. carinata (Simon, 1902) comb. nov e Frespera meridionalis sp.n. Vinnius maculaticeps ? considerado sin?nimo j?nior de Vinnius subfasciatus; V. lartiguei de V. Uncatus, V. paranaensis Mello-Leit?o de A. calcarifer, e V. reticulatus ? transferido para Chira. Vinnius petropolis ? considerado species Inquirenda. O g?nero Vinnius fica restrito ? apenas quatro esp?cies; V. subfasciatus, V. uncatus e duas novas; V. buzius sp.n. e V. camacan sp.n. Descreve-se pela primeira vez, as f?meas de A. calcarifer (Simon, 1902) e Frespera carinata (Simon, 1902).
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Décobert, Christian. "Phonologies arabes du Tchad /." Paris : P. Geuthner, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34839200n.
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Labdaoui, Abdellah. "Les nouveaux intellectuels arabes." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21022.
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Le colontarisme national de modernisation et l'exemplarite occidentale constituent un double parainage de l'emergence du muthqqaf et impose un double detour: l'islam medieval et l'occident sont constitutif de la memoire de l'intellectuel seculier arabe. L'enquete historique permet de recenser des elements de reponse a la question de savoir pourquoi l'intellectualisme seculier ne s'est pas epanoui dans la culture arabo-islamique. D'autres elements sont observables a travers les differentes strategies qu'adoptent les intellectuels arabes depuis le debut de ce siecle. Le cas des intellectuels egyptiens montre comment l'inscription de la culture politique dans le siecle se traduit en une opposition individu-collectivite. Nous consacrons la suite de ce travail a l'analyse de trois strategies secularistes dues a mohammed a. Jabri, fatima mernissi et abdallah laroui. Tous trois posent le probleme du changement et chacun formule a sa maniere la culture politique arabe. Le comparatisme que nous pratiquons s' autorise d'une definition de l'intellectuel comme objet d'une science politique comprehensive et interpretative (chap. 1). Pour conclure nous interrogeons chaque individualite historique sur sa singularite et chaque demarche intellectuelle sur son originalite. En fonction du contexte historique et en tenant compte de l'heritage nous soulignons la singularite marocaineThe secularisation of the arab thought is a project born from the national volon tarism of modernisation and the exemplarity of the occident. This double patronage prompt the social scientist to make a double "detour" because the islamic medieval and the occidental intellectuals are constituent of the memory of the secularist arab intellectual. The investigation allows to find a response to this question: why the secularist intellectulism didn't come out in the arab islamic culture?. The case of the egyptians and their strategys for to put the arab political culture in the century allow to note how it's a opposition individual-collectivity. The rest of this dissertation is dedicated to analyse three secularist strategys through the production of m. A. Jabri, mr. Mermissi and a. Laroui. Allof them are faced with the oroblem of changing and each of them get his own way to formulate the arab political culture. The comparatism that we use during the conclusion permit us to examine each individuality upon his singularity and to understand the originality of the thougt processes of each of here studied actors in accordance to the historical context and the inhertance
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Samimi, Mehrdad. "Démocratie et pays arabes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD018.
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La modernisation politique et juridique dans la région arabe a abouti à l’émergence des États modernes, des constitutions et des concepts constitutionnels modernes de liberté individuelle,souveraineté du peuple et séparation des pouvoirs. Malgré la consécration des principes démocratiques et libéraux, les constitutions arabes n’ont pas réussi à établir un équilibre entre les pouvoirs. L’incompatibilité des principes traditionnels avec les principes démocratiques modernes est la cause de l’effectivité atténuée des droits et libertés fondamentaux dans ces pays. Pourtant, il existe toujours une tentative de la part des juristes arabes pour renforcer le constitutionnalisme démocratique dans les pays arabes. La consolidation du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois par la création de la justice constitutionnelle a permis une affirmation de l’autonomie et de l’indépendance du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois pour protéger des principes démocratiques consacrés par les constitutions arabesPolitical and legal modernization in the arab region has resulted in the emergence of modern states, constitutions and modern constitutional concepts of individual freedom, people's sovereignty and the separation of powers. Despite the dedication of democratic and liberal principles,arab constitutions have failed to strike a balance between powers. The incompatibility of traditional principles with modern democratic principles is the cause of the diminished effectiveness of fundamental rights and freedoms in these countries. Yet, there is still an attempt on the part of arab jurists to strengthen democratic constitutionalism in the arab countries. The consolidation of the constitutionality control of the laws by the creation of the constitutional justice allowed an affirmation of the autonomy and the independence of the control of constitutionality of the laws to protect democratic principles in the arab constitutions
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Kassem, Jamil. "L'imitation chez trois écrivains arabes." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010543.
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La recherche intitulée " l'imitation chez trois écrivains arabes " représente un essai qui a pour but de restituer l'histoire de la pensée arabe moderne, fondée sur le mouvement d'acculturation au 19 ème siècle (en Égypte notamment) à l'époque appelée la renaissance arabe et, simultanément de déconstruire cette notion elle-même. Les trois écrivains représentent un échantillon de la tendance libérale-humaniste dans leurs courants respectifs : 1) Chebli Chumayyil : l'évolutionnisme. 2) Farah Antoun : Averroès et l'averroïsme (étude philologique comparée entre le livre de l'écrivain (Averroès et sa philosophie) - 1903 - et celui de Renan (Averroès l’averroïsme) - 1863 -). 3) Salama Musa : le socialisme démocrate (le fabianisme )The "imitation in the works of three Arab authors" represent an essay of the restitution to the history of the modern Arabic thought, founded on the movement of acculturation in the nineteenth century ( especially in Egypt ) during the period so- called ( the Arabic renaissance ). The notion «imitation " has a function of " deconstruction " of the idea «renaissance " , and simultaneously to elaborate a comparative philosophical critic of Arabic texts. Our authors are the representatives of three principal cur- rents in the liberal humanist tradition : Chebli Chumayyil : the evolutionnism. Farah Antoun : Averroes and his philosophy : a comparative philological study between his book " Averroes and his philosophy (1903) & E. Renan's "Averroes and the Averroes (1863). Salama Musa : the democratic socialism ( fabianism )
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Nabri, Hussein Ismail Amin. "L'Internationalisation des capitaux pétroliers arabes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375943225.
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Assaf, Laure. "Jeunesses arabes d’Abou Dhabi (Émirats arabes unis) : catégories statutaires, sociabilités urbaines et modes de subjectivation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100008/document.
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L’anticipation de l’après-pétrole est, depuis le milieu des années 2000, le leitmotiv du gouvernement des Émirats arabes unis. Au-delà de l’objectif de diversification économique, ce projet passe par des politiques de développement urbain et le contrôle des populations étrangères qui représentent 88 % des résidents. Souvent considérés comme la génération ayant bénéficié des revenus pétroliers, les jeunes adultes nés aux Émirats sont les premiers à subir les effets de ces politiques. Fondée sur une ethnographie des jeunes Émiriens et expatriés arabes ayant grandi à Abou Dhabi, cette thèse prend le contrepied d’analyses souvent centrées sur la division entre citoyens et non-citoyens. Une telle approche permet d’explorer la complexité des hiérarchies statutaires et de leur traduction dans l’espace public. Elle permet surtout de les confronter avec les identifications en termes d’âge et de génération qui se dessinent à travers les sociabilités urbaines de ces jeunesses arabes. Du cosmopolitisme consumériste mis en scène dans les shopping malls, à l’investissement des marges urbaines, en passant par des formes spécifiques d’anonymat, ces jeunes adultes investissent des temporalités et des territoires qui leur sont propres. Ils y façonnent des subjectivités singulières s’exprimant à travers des répertoires communs, notamment une langue arabe réinventée et les usages d’internet. Parmi les imaginaires ainsi partagés, la nostalgie pour les espaces urbains dans lesquels ils ont grandi participe à l’élaboration de leur sentiment commun d’appartenance à la société urbaine. L’étude des pratiques sociales et des processus de subjectivation des jeunesses arabes d’Abou Dhabi ouvre ainsi la voie à l’analyse anthropologique des modes de structuration sociale et de l’urbanité spécifique de la société émirienne contemporaineSince the mid-2000s, anticipating the post-oil era has been the leitmotiv of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government. Beyond the project of economic diversification, it has translated to policies of urban development and to the control of foreign residents, who constitute 88 % of the country’s population. Although seen as the generation who benefitted from oil revenues, the young adults who were born in the UAE are subjected first-hand to the consequences of these policies. Based on the ethnographic study of young Emiratis and Arab expatriates who grew up in Abu Dhabi, this thesis detracts from analyses often focused on the divide between citizens and non-citizens. Through an in-depth exploration of the complexities of status hierarchies, it shows how these are translated to public space, but most of all how they are confronted to identifications in terms of age or generation emerging from young adults’ urban sociabilities. From a consumerist cosmopolitanism played out in shopping malls to the appropriation of urban margins and particular forms of anonymity, the Arab youths of Abu Dhabi indeed appropriate specific temporalities and territories. Within them, they model idiosyncratic subjectivities which are expressed through shared practices and modes of communication, including a reinvented Arab language and Internet uses. Among the imaginaries which are thus produced, nostalgia for the urban spaces in which they grew up contributes to shaping their feeling of belonging to urban society. The analysis of social practices and the shaping of subjectivities of the Arab youths in Abu Dhabi thus brings about an anthropological understanding of the specific urbanity of contemporary Emirati society, as well as it sheds light on the processes which shape its social structure
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Maguilnik, Samara. "Proteinograma de araras mantidas em cativeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12923.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, 2013.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-04-25T13:54:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_SamaraMaguilnik.pdf: 9025516 bytes, checksum: 981c46a828462e9a1b79c086f94c55bd (MD5)
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O sucesso na criação e conservação das araras depende de boas práticas de manejo e da identificação e tratamento de doenças, o que pode ser desafiador, pois as aves tendem a mascarar os sinais de enfermidade. Sendo assim, a utilização de ferramentas diagnósticas como o proteinograma é imperativo, pois são capazes de avaliar de forma abrangente o estado de saúde desses indivíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o proteinograma de araras mantidas em cativeiro por meio da eletroforese de proteínas, correlacionando a espécie, sexo e ambiente com possíveis variações no perfil eletroforético, assim como buscou averiguar se infecções por hematozoários hemosporídeos se prestam como modelo de resposta de fase aguda, acarretando modificações no padrão proteico. Ademais, pretendeu avaliar a eletroforese de proteínas como ferramenta diagnóstica. A eletroforese em gel de agarose das proteínas séricas foi realizada em diferentes espécies de araras, fêmeas e machos, positivas e negativas para hemosporidioses e alocadas em três grupos distintos conforme o ambiente de origem no Distrito Federal ou Goiás. Não foram evidenciadas alterações significativas nas frações proteicas entre indivíduos positivos e negativos. O sexo interferiu nas concentrações de pré-albumina, as quais foram inferiores nas fêmeas. O fator ambiente resultou em mudanças nas frações β e γ globulinas. Concluiu-se que a variável ambiente é a maior responsável pelas discrepâncias observadas e atribuiu-se a isto a presença de uma possível enfermidade crônica. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que a eletroforese de proteínas é uma ferramenta diagnóstica muito sensível, porém, inespecífica. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Success in breeding and conservation of macaws depends on good management practices and the identification and treatment of diseases, which can be challenging, because the birds tend to mask the signs of illness. Thus, the use of diagnostic tools such as proteinogram is imperative, as they are able to assess widely the health status of these individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the proteinogram of macaws kept in captivity with protein electrophoresis, correlating the species, gender, and environment with possible changes in the electrophoretic profile, and to establish whether infections by blood hemosporidian parasites may be used as a model of acute phase response and modify the protein pattern. In addition, this study intended to evaluate the protein electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool. The agarose gel electrophoresis of serum proteins was carried out in different species of macaws, male and female, positive and negative for hemosporidiosis, and allocated into three distinct groups depending on the original environment in Distrito Federal or Goias. There were no significant changes in protein fractions between positive and negative individuals. Gender has interfered in prealbumin levels, which were lower in females. The environment has led to alterations in β- and γ-globulins fractions. It was concluded that environment is the most responsible for the observed differences and this is probably attributed to the presence of a chronic illness. Finally, the protein electrophoresis is a highly sensitive, but non-specific, diagnostic tool.
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Duyrat, Frédérique. "Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040022.
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Arados, arwad en phenicien, principale cite de phenicie du nord, est moins bien connue que ses voisines du sud, faute de sources litteraires et de fouilles archeologiques. La seule source abondante est la monnaie, regulierement frappee durant l'epoque hellenistique (333/2-10/9 avant notre ere). Nous avons rassemble un corpus de plus de 5000 monnaies qui sont datees a partir de 243/2. Elles permettent une evaluation annuelle de la production de l'atelier. Confrontee aux evenements politiques et militaires qui agitent le royaume seleucide, celle-ci conduit a retracer l'histoire de la cite hellenistique. Notre etude debute par un chapitre de geographie historique presentant arados et sa peree a la veille de la conquete macedonienne. Celle-ci intervient en 333/2 et marque le debut de la domination grecque sur l'orient ou elle provoque de profonds changements. La situation se stabilise ensuite lorsqu'arados entre dans l'empire seleucide. Elle joue durant un siecle le role de frontiere avec les etats lagides. Cette periode est favorable a la cite qui tire profit de son role strategique et obtient des privileges des rois de syrie. La conquete des etats lagides par antiochos iii, en 200, lui fait perdre cette situation mais se marque aussi par le developpement des ambitions regionales des aradiens. La mainmise de la cite insulaire sur la cote se durcit, facilitee par l'affaiblissement du pouvoir seleucide. Mais les dissensions au sein de la dynastie plongent l'orient dans des troubles graves. De l'intervention de tigrane d'armenie au developpement des guerres civiles romaines, la position d'arados se fragilise et se solde par un siege desastreux en 37. Il marque la fin de l'histoire d'arados hellenistique, la cite perdant son rayonnement regional. Notre etude s'acheve sur une conclusion mettant en perspective les acquis historiques degages par l'etude de la production monetaire aradienne durant ces trois siecles.
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Al, @Sayed Murshid. "La sécurité collective des pays arabes." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10050.
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L'analyse de la securite collective des pays arabes montre qu'elle s'expose a des defis exterieurs militaires et a d'autres interieurs, qui concernent le social et l'economique. Ces defis ensemble empechent la realisation de la securite arabe, laissant ainsi la region vivre dans une situation d'instabilite et de sous developpement. En depit de l'existence de facteurs materiels positifs, les arabes n'ont pas su les exploiter a leur profit. L'existence d'une organisation de la securite collective au niveau politique, militaire et economique n'a pas pour autant rendu l'effectivite a cette organisation. Et ce, a cause de l'absence de la volonte commune des etats membres et le nonrespect des accords et resolutions de l'organisation de la securite collective arabe. Au terme de cette etude, nous tenterons de donner au lecteur une reponse sur les efforts de la ligue arabe en vue de constituer une strategie de la securite arabe, les resultats auxquels elle a abouti et d'autre part, la portee de la securite arabe de maniere objective a travers les facteurs et les limites de la securite arabe, c'est-a-dire les points positifs (les points forts) et les points negatifs (points faibles) dans le corps arabe. Enfin, nous essaierons - a partir de multiples donnees dans la patrie arabe - de propo- ser des principes elementaires pour une strategie de la securite arabe d'avenir et du present.
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Abou, Diab Khattar. "Une politique libanaise des états arabes?" Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA02Z123.
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Au fil des ans, le liban est devenu un espace conflictuel ayant une fonction geopolitique tres importante dans le proche-orient arabe. Durant la premiere periode de la guerre (1975-1976), les etats arabes ont elabore leurs politiques libanaises en tenant compte tout d'abord du facteur palestinien, l'une des causes de la destabilisation du liban a la fin des annees 60 et ils ont mis en evidence les elements de la crise israelo-arabe a travers le prisme libanais. Parmi eux, la syrie a pu jouer le role de l'acteur arabe principal ; elle a change d'allie et de tactique a maintes reprises afin de maintenir la carte libanaise. Ainsi, face aux changements regionaux intervenus entre 1977 et 1980 (accords de camp david, "revolution" iranienne et guerre iran-irak), les pays arabes ont conduit leurs politiques libanaises en tant qu'acteurs independants et en tant que membres d'un axe donne. La defection du caire et la guerre du golfe ont permis a damas et a ryad de diriger a leur gre les blocs arabes au liban. Mais ne negligeons pas le role de certains acteurs tels la libye, l'algerie et le koweit. L'intervention israelienne au liban en 1982 et les grands bouleversements qui l'ont suivie ont montre la faiblesse et l'incoherence des politiques arabes au liban. En somme, les politiques libanaises des etats arabes ont ete elaborees en fonction du parametre palestinien, des positions d'autres pays arabes, des conflits regionaux et ensuite seulement en fonction des composantes internes du probleme libanaisWithin the passing years, lebanon became a space full of conflicts having an important geopolitical role in the arabic middle east. During the first period of the war (1975-1976), the arabic countries elaborated their lebanian politics taking into consideration the palestinian element, one of the causes of the destabilisation of lebanon at the end of the sixties. Henceforth, the arabic countries mainly wiewed the lebanese scene through the aspects of the israeli-arabic crisis. Among them, syria played the role of the principal arabic actor. This country changed several times its allies and its tactics in order to keep the control of the lebanese card. Facing the regional changes that occured between 1977 and 1980 (agreement of camp david, iranian "revolution", iran-irak war), the arabic countries conducted their politics in lebanon as independant actors or as members of a particular bloc. The israeli intervention in lebanon in 1982 and the drastic changes that followed it, highlighted the weakness and the lack of coherence of the arab policies in lebanon. In short, the policies of the arab countries in lebanon have been wowed according to the palestinian factor, the positions of other arabic countries, the regional conflicts, and lastly the internal aspects of the lebanese problem
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IRAQUI, (ép SINACEUR) ZAKIA. "Etude lexicale des parlers arabes marocains." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030068.
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Etude lexicale des parlers arabes marocains a partir d'un important corpus, le fichier de g. S. Colin, qui contient plus de 5000 racines, et d'enquetes orales. La structure de l'arabe marocain repose sur le croisement scheme-racine et l'utilisation d'un ensemble de suffixes generatifs de formes nouvelles. Examen de la racine trilitere avec tous les schemes qui se sont degages du depouillement systematique de onze lettres du fichier. L'etude de chaque scheme se refere aux structures de l'arabe classique considere comme norme. Le lexique de l'arabe marocain est constitue de mots classiques qui ont obei a certaines lois d'evolution linguistique. Les contacts de ce parler avec d'autres langues ont entraine l'apparition de nombreux termes etrangers. Les emprunts berberes, turcs, espagnols et francais ont ete parfaitement assimiles, coules dans des moules arabes et plies aux lois morphologiques de la langue d'accueil: derivation, formation de pluriels et de diminutifs. Ils ont parfois donne naissance a de nouvelles racines. On peut degager du lexique des ensembles de schemes correspondants a des categories determinees: masdars, adjectifs, noms de metiers, pluriels, diminutifs. L'arabe marocain est en pleine evolution lexicale et meme phonologique sous l'influence des mass-media et de l'enseignement arabiseLexical study of moroccan arabic on the basis of an important corpus, the g. S. Colin's file containing more than 5000 roots and some oral research. The structure of moroccan arabic is based on the root-pattern intercrossing and the use of a set of suffixes generating new forms. Examination of triliteral roots with all the patterns that have been detected by the systematic analysis of the eleven letters of the file. The study of each pattern refers to classical arabic considered as a standard. The lexicon of moroccan arabic consists of classical words which have followed some of laws of linguistic evolution. The contact of the dialect with other languages have resulted in the appearance of many foreign terms. Berber, turkish, spanish and french borrowings have been perfectly assimilated, cast into arabic moulds and submitted to the morphological laws of the receiving language: derivation, formation of plurals, diminutives. They have sometimes given birth to new roots. Sets of patterns corresponding to specific categories: masdars, adjectives, participles, trade nouns, plurals and diminutives can be brought to light in the lexicon. Moroccan arabic is undergoing a major change, not only lexical, but also phonological under the influence of mass media and arabicized education
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Zemirli, Zouhir. "Synthèse vocale de textes arabes voyellés." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30262.
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Nous nous intéressons à l’utilité et l’utilisabilité de la structure visuelle des textes, pour leur transposition à l’oral par des systèmes de synthèse de parole (TTS). Nous proposons la synoptique d’un système qui conduit à une représentation du texte interprétable par un TTS. Nous avons partiellement réalisé le module spécifique aux stratégies d’oralisation, afin de rendre articulables la part signifiante des textes, souvent oubliée. Des spécifications ont été précisées et partiellement intégrées par un partenaire industriel. Des hypothèses prédictives quant à l’impact sur la mémorisation/compréhension de deux stratégies issues de notre modèle d’oralisation par reformulation des textes écrits pour être lus silencieusement, ont été formulées et testées. Ce travail a montré que des fonctions cognitives étaient perdues. Des prototypes, exploitant la notion d’image de page, ont été imaginés à travers des interfaces dans lesquelles la multimodalité a pour rôle de combler cette lacuneThe text to speech synthesis consists in creating speech by analysis of a text which is subjected to no restriction. The object of this thesis is to describe the modeling and the taking into account of knowledge in phonetic, phonological, morpho-lexical and syntactic necessary to the development of a complete system of voice synthesis starting from diacritized arab texts. The automatic generation of the prosodico-phonetics sequence required the development of several components. The morphosyntaxic labelling "TAGGAR" carries out grammatical labelling, a marking and a syntactic grouping and the automatic insertion of the pauses. Graphemes to phonemes conversion is ensured by using lexicons, syntactic grammars, morpho-orthographical and phonological rules. A multiplicative model of prediction of the duration of the phonemes is described and a model of generation of the prosodic contours based on the accents of the words and the syntactic group is presented
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Iraqui-Sinaceur, Zakia. "Etude lexicale des parlers arabes marocains." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601180c.
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Abou, Diab Khattar. "Une Politique libanaise des états arabes?" Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602071c.
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Zeng, Wei. "Glucurono(Arabino)Xylan Biosynthesis in Wheat." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3372366.
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Guaaybess, Tourya Tétu Jean-François. "La dynamique des medias audiovisuels arabes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/guaaybess_t.
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Duyrat, Frédérique. "Arados hellénistique : étude historique et monétaire /." Beyrouth : Institut français du Proche-Orient, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40000210b.
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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris--Paris 4-Sorbonne, 2000.Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Arwād al-hillīniyyaẗ : dirāsaẗ tārīh̲iyyaẗ wa nuqūdiyyaẗ / biqalam Frīdīrīk Duwīrā. Bibliogr. p. 323-331. Résumé en arabe en fin de vol.
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Alsalamah, Abdulaziz Saleh. "Histoire de la presse écrite des pays arabes du Golfe de 1946 à 1981 : Arabie Saoudite, Koweit, Bahrein, Emirats arabes unis, Qatar et Oman." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020013.
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La presse des pays arabes du Golfe n'a fait son apparition que pendant ce siècle. D'abord en Arabie Saoudite, au Koweit et au Bahrein avant la deuxième Guerre mondiale puis au Qatar, aux Emirats arabes unis et en Oman à partir des années soixante. Les quelques journaux paraissant avant la deuxième Guerre Mondiale ont été crées grâce à l'initiative des reformateurs et intellectuels autochtones. Leurs moyens modestes ont été compensés par l'enthousiasme de leurs responsables de rédaction et par la collaboration des écrivains bénévoles qui percevaient la presse en tant que mission. Ces journaux ont également servi d'école pour les journalistes futurs. Pendant les années cinquante les journaux tant privés qu'officiels et qu'institutionnels, se sont multipliés en Arabie Saoudite, au Koweit et au Bahrein. Un développement qui a coincidé avec l'accroissement des revenus pétroliers, le début de la phase de modernisation de la zone et la montée du nationalisme arabe. Dans ce contexte relativement instable, les journaux de ces trois pays, crées et édités par des journalistes autochtones, n'ont pas échappé aux répercussions de cette situation politico-économique. La presse du Koweit et du Barhein a du en subir les conséquences. Différente est la situation de la presse entre 1961 et 1981. Cette période où les Emirats sous contrôle britannique ont accédé à l'indépendance a vu naître les premiers journaux des Emirats Arabes Unis, du Qatar et d'Oman. Elle a vu également la multiplication des quotidiens en Arabie Saoudite et au Koweit. La presse est devenue une industrie et son essor a été facilité par l'accroissement de l'aide étatique. Par rapport à la période antérieure, c'est l'âge des journaux d'information. Cependant, l'un des handicaps majeurs reste la lenteur du processur de la professionnellation des journalistes autochtones.
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Halpéryn, Léon. "La bande dessinée hébraïque entre médium transnational et singularité locale : la représentation de l'Arabe palestinien de 1934 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030043.
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La bande dessinée hébraïque, entre médium transnational et singularité locale : la représentation de l’Arabe palestinien de 1934 à nos jours.La bande dessinée hébraïque émerge au milieu des années 1930 dans la Palestine mandataire. Les rares artistes travaillant dans ce domaine servent le projet national juif (sioniste) par conviction, notamment le premier bédéiste, Arié Navon et l’auteure de textes pour enfants,la poétesse Léah Goldberg. La bande dessinée locale se réapproprie les codes narratifs du genre, importés d’Europe et des États-Unis, regroupant des composantes graphiques universelles et singulières juives hébraïques. D’un statut marginal avant 1948, elle s’affiche dans la presse israélienne des années 1970 et alimente vingt ans plus tard un marché rentable.Jusqu’alors un ou deux artistes - Ouri Fink - vivent de leur art seul sans recourir à des activités annexes (caricature, illustration, enseignement). La bande dessinée s’institutionnalise dans les années 2000 (expositions, festival, prix). Le parcours humain et professionnel de l’artiste impacte directement sur les choix esthétiques et idéologiques privilégiés dans le contenu de sa série. La bande dessinée hébraïque est à l’image de la société où il vit et qui, par ses normes,autorise (ou non) sa diffusion. Y étudier la représentation de l’Arabe, c’est repérer les contours d’un stéréotype visuel. L’Arabe imaginaire résulte d’une transposition graphique de la projection artistique que s’en fait l’artiste. Essentiellement faire-valoir du héros juif israélien,dans un récit où il met le plus souvent en valeur ce dernier, le personnage de l’Arabe est catégorisé positif, neutre, négatif selon les images auxquelles il est associé. La déformation physique est le plus souvent absente, n’excédant pas certaines conventions caricaturales, à l’exception notable de Dry Bones (Ya‘aqov Kirschen) et Tsoutiq ou le secret du château d’Ismaïl El-Badr (Élichéva / Yariv Amatsiah). Dans un contexte de guerre, ce personnage échappe difficilement à une catégorisation négative car il symbolise souvent l’ennemi réel (ou imaginaire) du paysThe Hebrew comic strip emerged in the mid-1930s in Mandate Palestine. The few graphic artists who worked in this field serves by conviction the Jewish national project (Zionist). Among them the first cartoonist, Arié Navon and the author of children's texts, the poet Léah Goldberg. The local comic strips follow the genre's narrative codes imported from Europe and from the United States and bring together universal graphical components and singular Jewish-Hebrew ones.Initially considered marginal, criticized before 1948, by comparison with the supposedly noble and beautiful Hebrew letters, the comic strips display in the Israeli press of the seventies and nourishes twenty years later a profitable market. Till then, one or two artists (Ouri Fink) live off their art without having to resort to other side activities (caricature, illustration, teaching). The comic strip becomes institutionalize in the years 2000 (exhibitions, festival, awards). The artist's human and professional career has a direct impact on the aesthetic and ideological choices he puts forward in the content of his series. The Hebrew cartoon reflects the society the authors live in, whose standards authorize (or not) art's dissemination. The imaginary Arab results from a transposition of the artist's artistic projection. Essentially confined to a role of the Israeli Jewish hero's stooge, in the context of a story where its participation aims to highlight the latter, the Arab character is categorized as positive, neutral or negative accordingto the images associated with it. The physical deformation is mostly absent, other than through the caricatural conventions, with the significant exception of Dry Bones (Ya‘aqovKirschen) and Tsutsiq or the secret of the castle of Ismail El-Kaader (Élichéva / Yariv Amatsiah).In a war context, this character avoids the negative categorization because it often symbolizesthe real enemy (or an imaginary one) of the country
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Mohammed, Zidan. "État et tribu dans le monde arabe : deux systèmes pour une seule société." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D006.
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La thèse étudie le mécanisme du pouvoir dans les sociétés arabes contemporaines. Sans négliger le rôle de la religion, qui constitue le troisième pôle d'influence de la société, Zidan Mohammed, son auteur, met en lumière le rapport entre l'Etat et la tribu et ouvre ainsi un nouveau mode de compréhension des sociétés arabes. La recherche se fonde sur une approche sociopolitique desdites sociétés, "partagées" entre la tribu, phénomène naturel et l'Etat, phénomène importé. Elle s'attache par ce biais à l'analyse des éléments récurrents ou novateurs de la relation tribalo-étatique au niveaux politique économique et socioculturel. En conclusion, l'auteur retient deux options possiblies : tribaliser l'Etat ou étatiser la tribuThis thesis analyses the power mechanism in Arabic societies. Without forgetting the role of religion, the third element of influence of society, Zidan Mohammed, the author, puts the light on the relationship between the state and the tribe and by this way, he opens up a new direction in the understanding of Arabic societies. This study is funding on socio-political analyses of Arabic societeis, "divided" between the tribe, as natural phenomenon and the state, as imported phenomenon. In this way, he analyses the current and innovative factors of the relationship between state and tribe on political, economical socio-cultural levels. In conclusion, the author brings out two possible options : "tribalize" the state or "statefy" the tribe (that means to establish state control over the tribe)
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Silva, Arnaldo da [UNESP]. "Garimpo do Araras/RO depois do Eldorado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92814.
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silva_a_me_rcla.pdf: 1274358 bytes, checksum: b3f6961b2bbd042e20136cd01486373a (MD5)Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no garimpo do Araras, localizado na margem direita do rio Madeira, no Km 40 da BR 425, em Nova Mamoré, Rondônia, e originado a partir de uma ocupação, por garimpeiros, de uma área que estava sendo pesquisada para ouro por uma empresa mineradora. A partir da disseminação da notícia de que havia muito ouro no referido local, formou-se uma currutela, hoje Vila do Araras, que teve seu auge de produção aurífera e crescimento demográfico em 1992, quando havia aproximadamente três mil habitantes e cerca de trezentas dragas e balsas. A partir desta data, começou a fase de esgotamento dos depósitos auríferos aluvionares, dando início à saída da população para outras áreas de trabalho. Porém, uma parte dessas pessoas permanecem até hoje na vila do Araras, motivo pelo qual escolhemos o lugar para realizar a presente pesquisa, que objetiva detectar os níveis de impacto ambiental e em que condições sócio-econômicas vivem essas pessoas, propondo medidas visando reduzir os efeitos negativos produzidos durante mais de dez anos pela lavra do ouro.
This study was developed in the Araras gold garimpo, located along the right margin of the the Madeira River, km 40 of BR 425, in Nova Mamoré, Rondônia. This city was originally founded by prospectors and the locale was also investigated by a mining company. After word got out that there was alot of gold in this area, it quickly turned into a mining camp, today known as Vila do Araras. This town reached it's peak production in 1992 when there were approximately 3000 inhabitants and ca. 300 dredges and mining boats functioning. After this date, the alluvial gold deposits began to give out, thus the population of the region also decreased as many workers sought employment elsewhere. However, some of the original prospectors still remain in Vila do Araras. For this reason, we selected this place to carry out this study. The objective of this study has been to determine the levels of environmental impact and what the current socio-economic conditions of the remaining populace is. By doing this, we propose measures with the intention of reducing the negative effects created during more than ten years of alluvial gold mining.
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Appleton, Robert, Jose Casillas, Gregory Scales, Robert Green, Mellissa Niehoff, David Fitzgerald, and David Ouellette. "Advanced Restricted Area Entry Control System (ARAECS)." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42720.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe Navy requires a capability for effective and efficient entry control for restricted areas that house critical assets. This thesis describes an Advanced Restricted Area Entry Control System (ARAECS) to meet this requirement. System requirements were obtained from existing governing documentation as well as stakeholder inputs. A functional architecture was developed and then modeled using the Imagine That Inc. ExtendSim tool. Factors affecting ARAECS operation were binned into physical, technology, Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and noise. An Overall Measure of Effectiveness was developed and a Design of Experiments (DOE) was conducted to measure the affects of these factors on ARAECS performance. The two main drivers were minimizing security violations while also maximizing personnel and vehicle throughput. Based on the modeling, an architecture was selected that best met system objectives—this architecture relied on the ability to pre-screen 40% of the workforce based on security clearance and thus subject them to reduced random screening. The architecture was documented using the Vitech CORE tool, and use cases were developed and documented. A test and evaluation plan was developed and discussed. Risk was then examined, including technical, schedule, and cost risks.
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Sousa, Raquel Rodrigues da Costa Gomes de. "Distância : (lendo Aracne, de António Franco Alexandre)." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55235.
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Silva, Arnaldo da. "Garimpo do Araras/RO depois do Eldorado /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92814.
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Orientador: Gilda Carneiro FerreiraBanca: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton
Banca: Ene Glória da Silveira
Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no garimpo do Araras, localizado na margem direita do rio Madeira, no Km 40 da BR 425, em Nova Mamoré, Rondônia, e originado a partir de uma ocupação, por garimpeiros, de uma área que estava sendo pesquisada para ouro por uma empresa mineradora. A partir da disseminação da notícia de que havia muito ouro no referido local, formou-se uma "currutela", hoje Vila do Araras, que teve seu auge de produção aurífera e crescimento demográfico em 1992, quando havia aproximadamente três mil habitantes e cerca de trezentas dragas e balsas. A partir desta data, começou a fase de esgotamento dos depósitos auríferos aluvionares, dando início à saída da população para outras áreas de trabalho. Porém, uma parte dessas pessoas permanecem até hoje na vila do Araras, motivo pelo qual escolhemos o lugar para realizar a presente pesquisa, que objetiva detectar os níveis de impacto ambiental e em que condições sócio-econômicas vivem essas pessoas, propondo medidas visando reduzir os efeitos negativos produzidos durante mais de dez anos pela lavra do ouro.
Abstract: This study was developed in the Araras gold garimpo, located along the right margin of the the Madeira River, km 40 of BR 425, in Nova Mamoré, Rondônia. This city was originally founded by prospectors and the locale was also investigated by a mining company. After word got out that there was alot of gold in this area, it quickly turned into a mining camp, today known as Vila do Araras. This town reached it's peak production in 1992 when there were approximately 3000 inhabitants and ca. 300 dredges and mining boats functioning. After this date, the alluvial gold deposits began to give out, thus the population of the region also decreased as many workers sought employment elsewhere. However, some of the original prospectors still remain in Vila do Araras. For this reason, we selected this place to carry out this study. The objective of this study has been to determine the levels of environmental impact and what the current socio-economic conditions of the remaining populace is. By doing this, we propose measures with the intention of reducing the negative effects created during more than ten years of alluvial gold mining.
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El, Halfa Yahya. "Les banques arabes : dimensions internationales et perspectives." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR1002.
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Le developpement des economies arabes dans le cadre d'une integration regionale ne cesse d'etre un objectif declare, alors que chaque pays s'insere de plus en plus dans le marche mondial. Cette interdependance des economies concerne aussi bien les marchandises, le capital physique que la finance, d'ou la necessite d'une reconsideration theorique des relations economiques auxquelles participent d'une facon active les societes multinationales. Les excedents financiers des pays arabes, semblaient etre un atout qui permetterait au monde arabe de se positionner sur la scene internationale a travers des multinationales bancaires arabes. Plusieurs institutions bancaires (consortiales, inter-arabes, islamiques ou de developpent) ont ete crees pour renforcer ce role en s'implantant sur toutes les places financieres de la planete, mais leur participation a la transformation financiere sur l'euro-marche est limitee, et leur contribution aux efforts de developpent des pays arabes est marginale. L'absence de structures economiques solides et integrees, l'instabilite sociopolitique et la dependance vis-a-vis du petrole et des recommandations des organismes internationaux, sont autant d'elements qui conditionnent et conditionneront, directement ou indirectement, la banque arabe dont la structure internationale reste sous-utiliseeThe arab economies development in the regional integration context is always a declared target, when each coutry is inserting in the world market. The economic's interdependance concernes as well marchandises, capital goods as finance, from where, as theoric's reconsideration of economic relationship to which participes the multinational firmes activly, is necessary. Financial surplus will permit to the arab world to have a position through multinational arab banks on the international scene. Many banking institutions (consortium, inter-arab, islamic or development) have been implanted world financial centers, but their participation to the financial transformation on the euro-market is limited and their contribution to the arab countries development endeavours is marginal. The absence of solid and integred economic structure, the socio-politic stability and the depedance towards the oil and internationa organisations recommandations, are so much elements who will condition, directly or indirectly, the arab banking which international structure is sub-used
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Abdelli, Abdelmajid. "Les États Arabes et le non-alignement." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10011.
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Le non-alignement est une doctrine a dimension internationale dont nous avons pu demontrer les fondements juridiques. Elle consiste a instaurer un nouvel ordre international dans tous ses aspects : politique, economique, culturel, etc. . . Fonde sur la paix, l'egalite et la justice sociale. Cette doctrine a comme source principale trois affluents de pensees : indienne, yougoslave et arabe. Ce dernier y occupe une place importante. En effet, aujourd'hui tous les membres de la ligue des etats arabes sont des membres de plein droit du mouvement des pays nonalignes. Mais en l'etat actuel du monde arabe, devenu un enjeu majeur des puissances etrangeres a cause notamment de sa position geostrategique, des matieres premieres que renferme son sol, les etats arabes ne concoivent pas tous le non-alignement de la meme facon. Les uns deploient des efforts pour que celui-ci s'impose comme element determinant dans les rapports internationaux ; les autres s'alignent sur l'un des blocs, ce qui constitue une menace pour la paix mondiale. Comment peut-on depasser ces contradictions au niveau des etats arabes et par la au niveau du mouvement ? il ne fait pas de doute qu'il y a une interpenetration des interets des etats arabes. Un lien impose par les facteurs communs d'integration qui renforcent la mise en place d'institutions communautaires afin de depasser les oppositions nefastes en s'attachant reellement aux principes du non-alignement. Pour cela nous avons mis en oeu vre l'idee du comite arabe de non-alignement. Une fois l'organisation acquise au niveau regional, le mouvement des pays non-alignes en me on a voulu le laisser entendre a la fin des annees 1960. Aujourd'hui le non-alignement souffre aussi du comportement de certains adherents, une attitude qui lui porte prejudice et facilitee par la definition negative des criteres d'adhesion, devenus desuets. Pour y remedier, nous avons propose : - une definition positive des criteres du non-alignement ; un statut du mouvement qui le distingue des autres notions voisines en particuler la neutralite ; - un siege permanent. Une telle institutionnalisation a cote de la reorganisa- tion a l'echelle des etats arabes qui influencent positivement comme negativement le mouvement, evitent a celui-ci une hypertrophie dangereuse ou il commence a sombrer puisque actuellement ses membres depassent les 2 3 de la communaute internationaleNon-alignement is an internationally dimentional doctrine whose judicial foundations we tried to demonstrate in this work. It consists in instituting a new political, economic and cultural order based on peace, equality and social justice. This doctrine has three streams of thought as a principle source : indian, yugoslavian and arab. The arab stream is of great importance in this doctrine. Actually, all the members of the arab league are full members of the non-alignement movement. But, a present, the arab world has become a major stake for foreign powers due to its geostrategic position and to the raw metarial that its soil contains. Arab states, therefore, have a different conception of non-alignment. On the one hand some states struggle to impose nonalignment as a determinant factor in international relations. On the other hand, other arab states align themselves with one or the other with the two blocs, which constitues a threat to world peace. How to avoid these contradictions first at the level of the arab states, then at the level of the movement itself ? there is undoubtedly an interpenetration in the interests of the arab states. There is a link imposed by common factors of integration which reinforces the etablishment of community institutions in order to overcome the tragic oppositions by remaining faithful to non-alignment. This is why we applied the idea of an arab non-alignment committee. Once the organization at the regional level is fulfilled, non-alignment will take benefit from it. It must in its turn, be organized to stop being an ephemeral philosophy as the last sixties suggested it would be. At present, non-alignment also suffers from the attitude of some of its members which is all the more harmful as it is rendered possible by the negative definition of the admission criteria, which is not actually practised. As a remedy for this we suggest : - a positive definition of non-alignment criteria ; - a status which distinguishes it as a movement different from other approximate concept, parti- cularly that of neutrality ; - permanent headquarters. Such an institutionalisation, along with the reorganization at the level of the arab states which negatively as well as positively influence the movement, prevents it from the dangerous hypertrophy in which it started to sink since its members constitue more than two thirds (2 3) of the whole international community
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Abdul-Hay, Hana. "Les pays arabes et les régimes monarchiques." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10050.
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Apres des siecles de floraison et de prosperite generale de la civilisation arabe enrichie par l'islam, le monde arabe fut dechire en fiefs et regions separes, que l'expansion colonialiste reussit en plus a modeler en petits etats et emirats independants. Ainsi, des regimes monarchiques furent implantes dans certaines regions, d'autres furent ruines, notamment dans la periode entre 1952 et 1969. Actuellement, huit regimes monarchiques subsistent encore dans le monde arabe. Certains de ces regimes (arabie saoudite, oman, bahrein, qatar et les emirats arabes unis), ne trouvent leur maintien au pouvoir et la conservation de leurs interets que dans le respect perpetuel des traditions qui, selon eux, sont les mieux adaptes a la nature et a la mentalite de la societe arabe. Les autres (maroc, jordanie et koweit), essayent d'imiter l'occident en s'inspirant de ses constitutions ecrites et en se lancant quelque peu dans la voie de la representation populaire. En effet, la vie politique dans tous ces regimes monarchiques, traditionnels ou parmementaires, se ressemble enormement. Le plus souvent, on trouve les constitutions suspendues et les parlements dissouts. La constitution proclame la garantie des libertes publiques, mais generalement, les lois qui les organisent, en limitent l'application ou bien les ignorent completement, ce qui ne fait guere distinguer les regimes constitutionnels parlementaires des autres traditionnels. Les deux se vantent d'ailleurs d'appliquer la tradition arabo-musulmane et de respecter la "shoura" (consultation). Mais la consultation est limitee, dans sa realite, a la famille regnante et a certains de ses allies fiAfter many centuries of flourishment and general prosperity of the arab civilisation which was enriched by islam - the arab world was torn into divided regions that the colonial expansion succeeded in modeling them into independing small states and emirats. So monarchic systems were implanted in certain regions ; others were destroyed, especially between 1952 and 1969. Actually, eight monarchic regimes still subsist in the arab world ; some of them (saudia arabia, oman, bahrain, qatar, united arab emirats) find their keeping and the conservation of their advantages in the ever lasting respect of traditions which fit the most, the nature and the mentality of the arab society. The others try to imitate the occident by getting inspired of their constitutions, and embarking in the way of popular representation. In fact, the political system, in all these countries traditionnelor parliamentary look like enormly. Most of the time, we find suspended constitutions and dissolved parliaments. The constitutions proclame the warranty of the public liberties, but generally, the laws that organized them, either restrict their application or totally ignore them, which make no difference between the parliamentary and the traditionnel systems. Both of them boast of applying the arab moslem tradition and respecting the "shoura" (consultation). But tje consultation is restricted, in its reality to the reigning family
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Achour, Fatiha. "Les adaptations arabes du mythe de pygmalion." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040448.
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Le but de cette these, c'est de faire une etude comparative sur le theme de pygmalion qui a inspire nos ecrivains contemporains : khalil hindaoui, tawfiq al hakim et fouad al mouhandis qui ont retraces cette legende differemment suivant l'experience personnelle de ses trois ecrivains qui sont au fond des incurables romantiques, ainsi ce chef d'oeuvre reflete leurs blessures interieures et leur souffranceTo have seen leading an existance doomed to crimes full of horrors for the vice that nature has extravagantly offered the woman to the point of living without spouses. Bachelor with a marvellous art he sculpted on ivory a splendid body. Pygmalion was lost in wonder and his hart inflamed for this body appearance. The gods apollon and venus realise that he was so sad they send a sould to the statue and became alive. They got married and had a son named galatee. The writer now days are inspired by this mith and that is what i am intending to develop in this project
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Louër, Laurence. "Les citoyens arabes d'Israël̈ : analyse d'une communautarisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0022.
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Halouani, M'hamed-Ali. "Cause et loi dans les sciences arabes." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010559.
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Riert, Johanna Lee. "Medeltidsborgen Aranäs : När ting och text samverkar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447803.
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This study examines how the archaeological finds from the medieval fortress Aranæs in Västergötland can confirm, change, add to, or contradict written sources regarding Aranæs and medieval fortresses in general. The study will focus on comparing medieval archaeological finds from Aranæs with written sources concerning medieval fortresses and Aranæs in order to find similarities or differences in the materials. The purpose of this essay is primarily to find out how archaeological finds can be linked to written sources to confirm potential events that may have taken place at Aranæs. This study also focuses on the role of archaeology in relation to written sources in order to study the everyday lives of our previous generations at medieval fortresses through the field of Medieval Archaeology. The primary historical written sources regarding Aranæs are the chronicle of Duke Erik and History of the Nordic peoples by Olaus Magnus which will be compared to three available archaeological reports concerning Aranæs. The various finds from Aranæs can together with written sources contribute with knowledge regarding a potential fire, military functions, care of animals, diet, religion, trade and economy, as well as remains of a previous fortress on the site.
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Méred, Zoulikha. "Contes arabes de Tlemcen : essai d'analyse textuelle /." [S.l.] : Entreprise algérienne de presse, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35775826t.
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Abdelli, Abdelmajid. "Les Etats arabes et le non-alignement." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376020465.
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Sousa, Raquel Rodrigues da Costa Gomes de. "Distância : (lendo Aracne, de António Franco Alexandre)." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2010. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000206090.
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Lebboss, Georges. "Contribution à l’analyse sémantique des textes arabes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080046/document.
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La langue arabe est pauvre en ressources sémantiques électroniques. Il y a bien la ressource Arabic WordNet, mais il est pauvre en mots et en relations. Cette thèse porte sur l’enrichissement d’Arabic WordNet par des synsets (un synset est un ensemble de mots synonymes) à partir d’un corpus général de grande taille. Ce type de corpus n’existe pas en arabe, il a donc fallu le construire, avant de lui faire subir un certain nombre de prétraitements.Nous avons élaboré, Gilles Bernard et moi-même, une méthode de vectorisation des mots, GraPaVec, qui puisse servir ici. J’ai donc construit un système incluant un module Add2Corpus, des prétraitements, une vectorisation des mots à l’aide de patterns fréquentiels générés automatiquement, qui aboutit à une matrice de données avec en ligne les mots et en colonne les patterns, chaque composante représente la fréquence du mot dans le pattern.Les vecteurs de mots sont soumis au modèle neuronal Self Organizing Map SOM ; la classification produite par SOM construit des synsets. Pour validation, il a fallu créer un corpus de référence (il n’en existe pas en arabe pour ce domaine) à partir d’Arabic WordNet, puis comparer la méthode GraPaVec avec Word2Vec et Glove. Le résultat montre que GraPaVec donne pour ce problème les meilleurs résultats avec une F-mesure supérieure de 25 % aux deux autres. Les classes produites seront utilisées pour créer de nouveaux synsets intégrés à Arabic WordNetThe Arabic language is poor in electronic semantic resources. Among those resources there is Arabic WordNet which is also poor in words and relationships.This thesis focuses on enriching Arabic WordNet by synsets (a synset is a set of synonymous words) taken from a large general corpus. This type of corpus does not exist in Arabic, so we had to build it, before subjecting it to a number of pretreatments.We developed, Gilles Bernard and myself, a method of word vectorization called GraPaVec which can be used here. I built a system which includes a module Add2Corpus, pretreatments, word vectorization using automatically generated frequency patterns, which yields a data matrix whose rows are the words and columns the patterns, each component representing the frequency of a word in a pattern.The word vectors are fed to the neural model Self Organizing Map (SOM) ;the classification produced constructs synsets. In order to validate the method, we had to create a gold standard corpus (there are none in Arabic for this area) from Arabic WordNet, and then compare the GraPaVec method with Word2Vec and Glove ones. The result shows that GraPaVec gives for this problem the best results with a F-measure 25 % higher than the others. The generated classes will be used to create new synsets to be included in Arabic WordNet
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Silva, Simone da. "Cenários do MOBRAL : caso de Araras/SP /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183413.
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Orientador: Arlete de Jesus BritoResumo: A presente pesquisa foi nominada “Cenários do MOBRAL: caso de Araras/SP”. Esta é uma continuidade da nossa dissertação de Mestrado “Panorama Histórico do MOBRAL: operacionalização no município de Araras”. Em Cenários do MOBRAL: caso de Araras/SP, o objetivo foi verificar algumas práticas de professores que lecionaram no MOBRAL em Araras, interior de São Paulo. Os cenários aqui apresentados foram se formando por meio dos relatos que continham as vivências e experiências de nossos colaboradores aliados aos sons emitidos dos documentos escritos. Nesses, foram incluídos documentos oficiais elaborados pelos organizadores do Movimento, documentações cedidas pelo Arquivo da Prefeitura Municipal de Araras, jornais arquivados na Câmara Municipal do Município e também alguns livros de Matemática utilizados no MOBRAL, localizados na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, além do diário de campo e as canções que fizeram parte da composição do trabalho. Dentre tantos autores escolhidos para o aprofundamento de leituras, sendo todos os outros não menos importantes, estão: Elias (1998), Hobsbawn (2005), Freire (1983), Freire (1987), Freire (1996), Alberti (2004), Adorno (1995), Freitas (2006), Paiva (1987) e Romanelli (1983). Por meio do aporte teórico metodológico História Oral, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco professores e duas alunas partícipes do MOBRAL no Município de Araras nas décadas de 1960-1980. A análise foi realizada por meio da triangulação de dados, em que pude... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present research was named "Scenarios of MOBRAL: Araras/SP case". This is a continuation of our master dissertation "Historical Background of MOBRAL: operationalization in the municipality of Araras". In MOBRAL Scenarios: the case of Araras/SP, the objective was to verify how some practices of teachers who taught at MOBRAL in Araras, interior of São Paulo, developed. The scenarios presented here were formed through the reports that contained the experiences and experiences of our collaborators allied to the sounds emitted from the written documents. These included the official documents prepared by the organizers of the Movement, documentation provided by the Archive of the Municipality of Araras, newspapers filed in the city council and also some books of Mathematics used in MOBRAL, located in the National Library Foundation of Rio de Janeiro. of the field diary and the songs that were part of the composition of the work. Among the many authors chosen to deepen the reading, all others being no less important, we can cite: Elias (1998), Hobsbawn (2005), Freire (1983), Freire (1987), Freire, Adorno (1995), Freitas (206), Paiva (1987), and Romanelli (1983). Through the methodological oral history methodological contribution, interviews were conducted with five teachers and two female students of MOBRAL in the Municipality of Araras in the 1960-1980. The analysis was performed through data triangulation, in which we could perceive the repercussion of another MOBRAL in this s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hamdi, Rym. "La variation rythmique dans les dialectes arabes." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/hamdi_r.
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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la phonétique acoustique expérimentale. À partir de la description des structures syllabiques observées en parole, nous proposons une analyse contrastive de l’organisation temporelle et rythmique de différents parlers arabes. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire le continuum linguistique de l'espace arabophone à partir d’éléments prosodiques relatifs à la structuration temporelle et rythmique propre à chaque parler. Les travaux de recherches antérieurs qui se sont intéressés au rythme de la parole en arabe, ont toujours catégorisés les parlers arabes comme accentuels (stress-timed) par opposition à d’autres langues et/ou dialectes décrits comme syllabiques (syllable-timed) ou moraïques (mora-timed). Ces classifications, qui découlent essentiellement d'expériences psycho-acoustiques, soulignent le fait que la perception des différents types de rythme correspond à certaines propriétés phonologiques des langues telles que la structure syllabique, la réduction vocalique et le type d'accent. Plusieurs modèles ont tenté de trouver les corrélats acoustiques pour quantifier ces propriétés phonologiques et, par la suite, pour mesurer le rythme des langues. Ramus & al. (1999) et Grabe & al. (2000, 2002) ont montré que les classes du rythme perçu, peuvent être appréhendées à partir de certaines mesures instrumentales réalisées sur le signal (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). Nous avons appliqué le modèle de Ramus et celui de Grabe sur un corpus de parole spontanée représentant six variétés dialectales arabes : marocain, algérien, tunisien, égyptien, libanais et jordaniens. Trois autres langues appartenant à des catégories rythmiques différentes ont également été étudiées : l’anglais, le français et le catalan. Les résultats obtenus à l’issue de cette étude comparative révèlent d’une part que les parlers arabes peuvent être discriminés sur la base de leurs propriétés rythmiques, ce qui va dans le sens de la notion de continuum rythmique ; et d’autre part qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre réduction vocalique et poids syllabique. Les valeurs observées permettent ainsi d’établir une distinction entre trois grandes zones dialectales : le Maghreb, le Moyen-Orient et une zone intermédiaire regroupant la Tunisie et l’Égypte. Enfin, bien que les résultats obtenus pour les trois autres langues, semblent rendre compte des classes de rythme décrites dans la littérature, les valeurs observées pour les différents parlers arabes semblent constituer une remise en question pertinente aux approches considérant les catégories rythmiques comme des ensembles discrets et absolus. Par ailleurs, l'approche phonologique du rythme prédit qu'une analyse de la complexité syllabique d'une langue devrait permettre de déterminer sa classe rythmique. Nous avons donc mis en place une étude typologique préliminaire visant à décrire les différentes structures syllabiques dans trois variétés dialectales arabes à partir d’un corpus de parole spontanée. Les résultats confirment une opposition pertinente entre les parlers maghrébins (i. E. Arabe marocain) privilégiant les structures syllabiques complexes et les parlers orientaux (i. E. Arabe libanais) préférant des structures simples et une syllabation ouverte. L'existence des valeurs intermédiaires pour le parler tunisien soutient l'idée que les dialectes arabes forment un continuum. Ces derniers résultats corroborent la notion de sous-classes rythmiquesThis work, based on experimental phonetics (i. E. Acoustics), aims at addressing the Arabic linguistic continuum in the light of prosodic parameters. More precisely, we put forward a comparative analysis of temporal and rhythmic organization in several Arabic dialects. Previous studies dealing with speech rhythm consistently categorized Arabic dialects as stress-timed languages as opposed to syllable-timed and/or mora-timed languages. These classifications, developed on the basis of perceptual experiments, consider that the perception of these different rhythms rests on the treatment of some phonological properties such as syllabic structure, vowel reduction and/or stress pattern. Several models tried to find out acoustic correlates for rhythm in order to quantify these phonological properties and thus, to measure the rhythm of language. Within this frame, Ramus (1999) and Grabe (2000, 2002) suggested different variables (i. E. ΔC, ΔV, %V, rPVI, nPVI). In this work, we applied these two models to a corpus of spontaneous speech in six different Arabic dialects (i. E. Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Egyptian, Lebanese and Jordanian) as well as in three non-Afro-Asiatic languages that are: French, English and Catalan. Our results show that syllable structures, syllabic weight and vocalic reduction can be used as reliable cues to elaborate a typology of Arabic dialects on the basis of their prosodic characteristics and to discriminate between different varieties of Arabic. We were thus able to distinguish between three different dialectal areas: Western vs. Eastern vs. Intermediate. The fact that geographically intermediate dialects such as Tunisian and/or Egyptian Arabic exhibit intermediate values for the parameters investigated provides further support for the suggestion that Arabic dialects form a continuum with regard to rhythmic patterns. Finally, though the distribution of French, English and Catalan along the rhythmic continuum confirms the existence of different rhythmic categories, the differentiated distribution of our six Arabic dialects along the same scale brings into question the notion of discrete and absolute categories for rhythm
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Fargues, Philippe. "Démographie arabe." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA141.
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Flores, Azola Valentina Daniela. "Comportamiento de elección de la araña Scytodes globula expuesta a refugios con o sin rastros de Loxoceles laeta (araña de rincón)." Tesis, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151106.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas AnimalesLas arañas son organismos capaces de aprovechar los nuevos microhábitats ofrecidos por las áreas urbanizadas, adquiriendo de este modo hábitos sinantrópicos. Entre las arañas con hábitos sinantrópicos en nuestro país, se puede destacar a la araña Loxosceles laeta o araña de rincón, ampliamente conocida por generar un importante problema de salud pública, denominado loxoscelismo, y la araña Scytodes globula o araña tigre, considerada depredadora natural de L. laeta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la presencia de rastros de una araña heterospecífica, la araña de rincón, en la conducta de elección de refugio de la araña tigre, Scytodes globula. El diseño experimental generado permitió cuantificar experimentalmente la preferencia por refugios con o sin rastros de tela, a través del registro y observación diario. Se pudo determinar que no existen diferencias significativas en la elección por uno u otro tipo de refugio, tanto para el primer día como para el total de observación. Además, se pudo constatar que la mayoría de los individuos muestreados desarrolló cierto grado de exploración durante el periodo de experimentación. No obstante, se determinó que S. globula presentó un alto grado de fidelidad, en relación con la elección inicial de un refugio, ya que la mayoría de los individuos fueron observados en el mismo lugar que escogieron por primera vez, al finalizar la experimentación. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, sugieren que presencia de tela de un ejemplar de L. laeta no inhibe la ocupación de un mismo sitio por parte de las arañas de S. globula.
ABSTRACT Spiders are organisms capable of taking advantage of new microhabitats offered by urbanized areas, thus acquiring synanthropic habits. Among the spiders with synanthropic habits in our country we can highlight the Loxosceles laeta spider, widely known for generating an important public health problem called loxoscelism. For years it has been reported that the Scytodes globula spider is a predator of the Loxosceles laeta spider, but it has not been determined the spatial interaction between these species. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the presence of a heterospecific spider on the refuge-choosing behavior of the Spitting spider, Scytodes globula. The experimental design generated allowed us to quantify the preference for refuge with or without traits of L. laeta´s web, through daily recording and observation. It was determined that there were no significant differences in the election for one refuge or another. Also, was observed that sampled individuals developed a certain degree of exploration throughout experimental period. However, they showed fidelity for the initial choice of a refuge, since most individuals were found in that place at the end of the experimentation. The results obtained in this study suggest that the presence of rest of web from a L. laeta spider does not inhibit the occupation of the same site by S. globula spiders.
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Chenguelly, Paul. "La répression financière : un test de l'hypothèse : le cas des pays arabes." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100137.
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Ismail, Ramia. "Les réseaux de sens issus des racines dans les dictionnaires arabes et arabes-français : une question de traductologie appliquée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20113.
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La présente thèse, d’une manière générale relève des Etudes arabes. Elle est située, au sein de ces dernières, au croisement de deux disciplines relevant des sciences du langage : la traductologie et la lexicographie bilingue. Cette dernière est elle-même liée à la traduction, et de l’autre aux problématiques du sens, et notamment dans la langue de départ. C’est l’écheveau des relations complexes entre traductologie et lexicographie que nous allons chercher à dénouer dans le présent travail, consacré en propre à la traduction de l’arabe vers le français et à l’analyse des réseaux de sens au sein de la langue de départ qu’est ici l’arabe. Le problème que nous cherchons à traiter dans cette thèse est celui des dictionnaires bilingues arabes-français. Pour cela nous avons réfléchi à la nécessité que la langue de départ, soit confrontée à elle-même, selon ce que Jakobson (1963) a appelé « traduction intralinguale». Nous avons donc tenté d’étudier les données lexicales de la langue dans la langue arabe elle-même en nous appuyant sur les informations que contiennent les dictionnaires monolingues que nous avons choisis pour notre recherche. Il est bien connu que le dictionnaire bilingue est en ce qui concerne l’arabe postérieur au dictionnaire monolingue. L’arabe, en tant que langue à forte tradition normative, a d’abord connu des dictionnaires monolingues. La lexicographie arabe se caractérise aussi par la richesse et la variété de sa production médiévale entre les 8e et l8e siècles. Toutefois si l’on dispose de beaucoup de dictionnaires monolingues, la lexicographie arabe bilingue demeure en comparaison moins explorée. La première partie de ce travail a pour but d’utiliser la perspective traductologique d’une part, et lexicographique de l’autre. Elle a pour objet d’introduire en la situant dans un cadre théorique général, la démarche lexicographique bilingue, allant de l’analyse sémantique du dictionnaire monolingue à l’élaboration du dictionnaire bilingue. La deuxième partie porte sur une étude de la lexicographie arabe monolingue pour déterminer son rapport avec la lexicographie arabe bilingue. La troisième et dernière partie porte sur les dictionnaires bilingues reconsidérés dans le cas des dictionnaires arabes. Ces dictionnaires sont en effet amenés par nécessité à tenir compte de deux grandes caractéristiques du vocabulaire de cette langue, qui est structuré en fonction de deux grands domaines de familles sémantiques « entrecroisées » : Les racines formelles et leurs sous-racines, et les sens grammaticaux associés aux patrons morpho syllabiquesThe thesis in general is relevant to Arabic studies. It is related to an intersection of two disciplines of the science of language: translation studies and bilingual lexicography. The last mentioned is linked to the translation itself also the meaning issue, more particular, the original text. It represents the crossing point of complex relations between science of translation and lexicography, this issue that we’ll try to solve in the actual work, it will be more about the translation of the Arabic language to the French language and the analyzing of semantic relations of the original text which is the Arabic language in this case. The problem of the bilingual dictionaries Arabic-French is the problem that we’ll look into during all the work of the thesis. That is why we gave a lot of thinking about the necessity of the original language to be confronted by itself according to what Jacobson (1963) has called “intralingual translation”. So we tried to study the lexical data of the language, by analyzing the data of the Arabic language itself while counting on the information given by the monolingual dictionaries that we have chosen. It is known that the bilingual dictionary related to Arabic language has appeared a while after the monolingual dictionary. The Arabic lexicography also known by its richness and its medieval production diversity between the 8th and the 18th centuries. Plus, the Arabic lexicography was not used as it should be and there was not a lot of studies of the subject. The goal of the first part is to use the translation perspective in a hand, and the lexicography from another hand, the object is to introduce the theoretical part in general, the bilingual lexicographical approach, from the semantic analysis of monolingual dictionary in developing the bilingual dictionary. The second part focuses on a study of the monolingual lexicography Arabic to determine its relationship with the bilingual Arabic lexicography. The third and final part focuses on bilingual dictionaries reconsidered in the case of Arabic dictionaries. These dictionaries are indeed led by the necessity to consider two major characteristics of the vocabulary of the language, which is structured around two major areas of semantic families "crossed": Formal roots and their by-roots and grammatical senses associated with morphological syllabic patterns
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Jari, Mostafa. "La question de la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde arabe." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40028.
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La premiere raison d'etre de cette recherche est d'essayer de comprendre pourquoi la region arabe est devenue l'un des plus grands points noirs de la carte mondiale des deficits alimentaires. Deux statistiques traduisent la gravite de cette situation ; la moitie des calories consommees dans les pays arabes sont importees ; les habitants de ces pays consomment 15 a 30 % des importations alimentaires mondiales, alors qu'ils ne representent que 4 % de la population de la planete. Les deux approches centrales choisies par l'auteur pour traiter ce probleme sont l'analyse des politiques publiques et la cooperation strategique. Ainsi, notre hypothese fondamentale sur le systeme regional arabe de securite alimentaire est que les possibilites effectives de son existence, de son fonctionnement et de sa reussite dependent en derniere analyse de la volonte politique des etats arabes a conduire, individuellement, des politiques publiques rationnelles et adaptees et, collectivement, une strategie de cooperation mutuelle et synergique. Autrement dit, la concretisation de la securite alimentaire arabe doit engager une double dynamique, celle de reactivation des solidarites complementarites entre les etats arabes (dynamique d'association) ; et puis, celle d'une convergence des politiques publiques nationales vers l'objectif de la securite alimentaire (dynamique de rationalisation). Ce parallelisme dans l'action s'impose d'autant plus que l'incoherence des politiques de securite alimentaire au niveau national s'oppose a la mise en place d'une strategie globale sur le plan regionalThis thesis explores the question of arab food gap from different perspectives, and examines the distabilizing effects of systematic food import on both agricultural rural development and decision making process in the arab world. It gives a general account of the basic factors affecting agriculture and food in most arab countries and of the application of existing knowledge of the principles of food security planning to its improvement. In general the study deals with principles rather than with specific detail. It does not set out to give a comprehensive treatment of any arab food policies. Nor does it cover in detail those aspects of food security such as, poverty and malnutrition, where acces to information is very difficult. However the reader is referred in the text to be guided by books and documents dealing with these later subjects, all giving specialized accounts of particular aspects or facets of food security. The author set tree focal points for the research, summurized as follows : 1. To identify the major constraints hindering or inhibiting the progress, the development, and the implementation of agricultural and food policies in the arab world ; ii. To review the latest developments concerning the concept of food security ; iii. To discuss the mesures needed to initiate global cooperation between arab states, in strategic fields such as food security. Given the complexity of those focal points, and given the varied obstacles which block the course of scientific research in the arab world, the issue of arab food gap is rather questionned than totally answered ; in others words, the problematic of arab food security remainds open for furthers empiricals investigations
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Silva, Gustavo Pereira da. "Companhia Ararense de Leiteria (1909-1921) : o empreendedorismo de Louiz Nougues e a diversificação na economia cafeeira." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285592.
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Orientador: Ligia Maria Osorio SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_GustavoPereirada_M.pdf: 1362505 bytes, checksum: f1f5582e5db7e29000ca7aa10bab40cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é elucidar a formação da Companhia Ararense de Leiteria e, para tanto, será preciso entender que o capital cafeeiro tem diversas faces, que a relação café-indústria não é uma via de mão única ¿ nem sempre dificuldades na lavoura cafeeira implicam em adversidades ou diminuição de inversões de capitais à indústria ¿ e que a economia cafeeira no Oeste Paulista, região em que se insere o município paulista de Araras, é caracterizada pela formação de um complexo, o complexo cafeeiro paulista. Nele, a atividade principal, o café, está em conexão com as atividades componentes, estimulandoas através da demanda de infra-estrutura necessária ao bom andamento da atividade principal. Dessa forma, bancos, serviços de iluminação pública, de água e esgoto entre outros são impulsionados pela expansão do café e, ao mesmo tempo, são uma necessidade para tal expansão. A indústria é uma destas atividades componentes. Apreender as nuances do grande capital cafeeiro, sua ligação com os elementos externos e como se dava as decisões de investimento por parte do mesmo é o que pretendemos e almejamos com a análise da trajetória do francês Louiz Nougués e da Companhia Ararense de Leiteria
Abstract: The objective of this work is to elucidate the formation of Companhia Ararense de Leiteria, and to this, it must understand that the capital coffee has several faces, that the coffee-industry relationship is not only one-way street - not always imply difficulties in coffee crop in adversity or decrease in capital investments to the industry - and that the economy coffee in the West Paulista, a region in which the paulista municipality of Araras is located, is characterized by the formation of a complex, the paulista cofee complex. Here, the main activity, coffee, is in connection with the activities components, encouraging them through the demand for infrastructure necessary for the smooth running of the core business. Thus, banks, services of public lighting, water and sanitation among others are driven by the expansion of coffee and at the same time, are necessaries for such expansion. The industry is a component of these activities. Capturing the nuances of big coffee capital, its connection with the external elements and how they gave the orders for investment from the same is what we want and desire with the analysis of the trajectory of the french Louiz Nougués and of the Companhia Ararense de Leiteria
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Allam, Hiba. "L' assurance dans les pays arabes du Moyen-Orient : entre Chari'a et droit positif." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020072.
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La licéité de l'assurance conventionnelle au regard du droit musulman est controversée. Certains prohibent cette opération où usure et aléa se conjuguent et d'autres la justifient par la théorie de la nécessité et par l'ijtihad. Suite à ces polémiques, une assurance fondée sur les préceptes de l'Islam (takaful) a été envisagée. Les techniques du takaful sont tirées des procédés commerciaux -mudaraba et musharaka - ayant reçu l'assentiment du Prophète. Parce qu'elles fournissent des alternatives aux moyens de financement basés sur l'intérêt, la mudaraba et la musharaka permettent de surmonter les objections faites à l'assurance. Mais, le takaful ne se substitue pas à l'assurance conventionnelle qui, dans la plupart des pays arabes du Moyen Orient, demeure régie par le droit positif. Malgré sa prédominance sur ces marchés, l'assurance conventionnelle ne les a toutefois pas complètement conquis. Cela laisse au takaful une perspective de développement certaine
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El-Souefi, Sameh. "Challenging complex realities : the paradiplomacy of the Palestinian minority citizens of the State of Israel? /." Helsinki : Dept. of Political Science / Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0612/2006402063.html.
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Roesch, Alexander. "Glycopeptidliganden von Zelladhäsionsrezeptoren mit sulfatierter Arabino-Lewisa-Struktur." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975973606.
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Khoury, Marielle. "Dictionnaires arabes bilingues : présentation historique et étude comparative." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9916.
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Bilingual Arabic lexicography came into being at the end of the 9th century. Unlike monolingual lexicography, bilingual lexicography in the Arab world advanced little during the Muslim empire, and lay dormant under the Ottoman occupation. It was not until the beginning of the 19th century, when European interest in the Arab world coupled with communication needs arising out of its colonization and the growing realization among Arabs themselves that terminological development had been sadly neglected for centuries, that bilingual lexicography was spurred into activity. Thanks to this renewed interest, bilingual lexicography is today in a state of full expansion and is characterized by an evergrowing of number of dictionaries. Bilingual Arabic dictionaries produced since the Renaissance are not only numerous, but varied. Nonetheless, most of them share the trait of following traditional lexographic methods. An indepth study of four dictionaries reveals the most significant characteristics of modern French-Arabic lexicography. Although these dictionaries provide a great deal of generally valuable information, their presentation of this information is disorganized and hampers easy consultation. This organizational aspect needs to be improved in French-Arabic bilingual dictionaries. Such improvement may be brought about by the application of computerized methods in dictionary production.