Relevant bibliographies by topics / Araucaria araucana

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Academic literature on the topic 'Araucaria araucana'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Baensch, Thorsten. "Araucaria araucana." Kursbuch 55, no. 197 (2019): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0023-5652-2019-197-95.

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Medina, N., P. Vidal, R. Cifuentes, J. Torralba, and F. Keusch. "Evaluación del estado sanitario de individuos de Araucaria araucana a través de imágenes hiperespectrales." Revista de Teledetección, no. 52 (December 26, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.10916.

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<p>The <em>Araucaria araucana</em> is an endemic species from Chile and Argentina, which has a high biological, scientific and cultural value and since 2016 has shown a severe affection of leaf damage in some individuals, causing in some cases their death. The purpose of this research was to detect, from hyperspectral images, the individuals of the Araucaria species (<em>Araucaria araucana</em> (Molina and K. Koch)) and its degree of disease, by isolating its spectral signature and evaluating its physiological state through indices of vegetation and positioning techniques of the inflection point of the red edge, in a sector of the Ralco National Reserve, Biobío Region, Chile. Seven images were captured with the HYSPEX VNIR-1600 hyperspectral sensor, with 160 bands and a random sampling was carried out in the study area, where 90 samples of Araucarias were collected. In addition, from the remote sensing techniques applied, spatial data mining was used, in which Araucarias were classified without symptoms of disease and with symptoms of disease. A 55.11% overall accuracy was obtained in the classification of the image, 53.4% in the identification of healthy Araucaria and 55.96% in the identification of affected Araucaria. In relation to the evaluation of their sanitary status, the index with the best percentage of accuracy is the MSR (70.73%) and the one with the lowest value is the SAVI (35.47%). The positioning technique of the inflection point of the red edge delivered an accuracy percentage of 52.18% and an acceptable Kappa index.</p>
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Garbarino, J. A., M. Luisa Oyarzún, and Vicente Gambaro. "Labdane Diterpenes from Araucaria araucana." Journal of Natural Products 50, no. 5 (September 1987): 935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50053a029.

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Evans, Philip D., Ignacio A. Mundo, Michael C. Wiemann, Gabriela D. Chavarria, Pamela J. McClure, Doina Voin, and Edgard O. Espinoza. "Identification of selected CITES-protected Araucariaceae using DART TOFMS." IAWA Journal 38, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 266—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170171.

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Determining the species source of logs and planks suspected of being Araucaria araucana (Molina) K.Koch (CITES Appendix I) using traditional wood anatomy has been difficult, because its anatomical features are not diagnostic. Additionally, anatomical studies of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco, Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl., and Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen have reported that these taxa have similar and indistinguishable anatomical characters from A. araucana. Transnational shipments of illegal timber obscure their geographic provenance, and therefore identification using wood anatomy alone is insufficient in a criminal proceeding. In this study we examine the macroscopic appearance of selected members of the Araucariaceae and investigate whether analysis of heartwood chemotypes using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS) is useful for making species determinations. DART TOFMS data were collected from 5 species (n =75 spectra). The spectra were analyzsed statistically using supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms. Results indicate that A. araucana can be distinguished from the look-alike taxa. Another statistical inference of the data suggests that Wollemia nobilis is more similar and within the same clade as Agathis australis. We conclude that DART TOFMS spectra can help in making species determination of the Araucariaceae even when the geographic provenance is unknown.
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Hill, RS. "Araucaria (Araucariaceae) species from Australian tertiary sediments — a micromorphological study." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 2 (1990): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900203.

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The cuticular micromorphology of four existing and four new species of Araucaria from Australian Tertiary sediments is examined using scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy is very useful for distinguishing species, but less successful for determining the affinities of the fossil species within the genus. Two fossil species, A. balcombensis Selling and A. hastiensis Bigwood & Hill, are closely related to the extant South American species A. araucana (Molina) K. Koch (section Columbea). Five fossil species, A. lignitici Cookson & Duigan, A. planus R. Hill, sp. nov., A. prominens R. Hill, sp. nov., A. readiae R. Hill & Bigwood and A. uncinatus R. Hill, sp. nov., are assigned to section Eutacta, but their affinities within that section are uncertain. One fossil species, A. fimbriatus R. Hill, sp. nov., cannot be placed into a section with confidence. The presence of A. balcombensis and A. hastiensis in south-eastern Australia in the early Tertiary, along with species of Nothofagus in a subgenus now restricted to South America, suggests that there may have been early Tertiary forests in Australia similar to the Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus associations found today near the tree line in the Andes. The presence of at least three Araucaria species at the late Oligocene-early Miocene Monpeelyata deposit suggests that complex araucarian forests similar to those found today in New Caledonia may have been more widespread in the region in the past.
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Finckh, Manfred, and Axel Paulsch. "Araucaria araucana — Die ökologische Strategie einer Reliktkonifere." Flora 190, no. 4 (November 1995): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30679-5.

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Parveen, Nazneen, H. M. Taufeeq, and Nizam ud-din Khan. "Biflavones from the Leaves of Araucaria araucana." Journal of Natural Products 50, no. 2 (March 1987): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50050a061.

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Moura Nadolny, Jaqueline, Odette Best, Gabriele Netzel, Heather M. Shewan, Anh Dao Thi Phan, Heather E. Smyth, and Jason R. Stokes. "Chemical composition of bunya nuts (Araucaria bidwillii) compared to Araucaria angustifolia and Araucaria araucana species." Food Research International 163 (January 2023): 112269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112269.

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Rudolph, Roland, and Hilke Steinecke. "Araucaria araucana im Palmengarten – erstmals mit weiblichen Zapfen." Der Palmengarten 72, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/palmengarten.44.

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Chilenische Araukarien (Araucaria araucana) wachsen bei uns sehr langsam und setzen eher selten Zapfen an. Im vergangenen Sommer konnten im Palmengarten erstmals an etwa 50 Jahre alten Araukarien die Samen voll ausreifen.
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ZAPATA, MARIO, MARIA ANTONIETA PALMA, and EDUARDO PIONTELLI. "Ophiostoma pehueninum, a new species associated with Araucaria araucana in Chile." Phytotaxa 346, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.346.1.5.

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During a survey of fungi on Araucaria araucana in Chile, a species of Ophiostoma morphologically different to O. araucariae was collected in the Andean region. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α sequences confirmed that this species represents a novel taxon. This taxon is described here as Ophiostoma pehueninum sp. nov. The sexual morph of O. pehueninum was characterized by long neck and peridial hyphae around the bases, and allantoid ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. In culture a hyalorhinocladiella-like asexual morph was observed. Mating compatibility tests indicated that the species is heterothallic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Mujica, Rodrigo. "Untersuchungen zur waldbaulichen Behandlung von Araucaria-araucana-Wäldern in Südchile." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961283998.

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Penchenat, Tiphaine. "Reconstruction multi-centenaire des variations d'indicateurs hydroclimatiques en Patagonie à partir de la composition isotopique des cernes d'Araucaria araucana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ013.

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Depuis une centaine d'années, la partie Ouest de l'Amérique du Sud, de l'Altiplano à la Patagonie du Nord, connait des périodes de sécheresses de plus en plus longues et de plus en plus fréquentes. Cette tendance, qui est probablement en partie liée à l'expansion de la cellule atmosphérique de Hadley associée à une phase positive dominante de l'Oscillation Antarctique ces dernières décennies, se poursuivra d'après les modélisations climatiques. L'objectif de ma thèse est de contribuer à améliorer la compréhension des processus responsables de cette évolution en reconstituant les variations hydro-climatiques passées en Patagonie du Nord. J'utilise pour cela la composition isotopique en carbone δ13C et en oxygène δ18O de la cellulose des cernes Araucaria araucana, une espèce endémique de Patagonie dont l'aire de répartition est comprise entre 37°20'S et 40°20'S. Plusieurs résultats se dégagent de cette étude. Tout d'abord, j'ai montré que la composition isotopique de la cellulose des A. araucana reflète les conditions climatiques de la saison de croissance en cours tandis que les largeurs de cernes dépendent davantage des conditions climatiques de la saisons de croissance précédente. La remobilisation des réserves n'intervient donc pas dans la fabrication des sucres utilisés pour produire les cernes. Puis j'ai montré que les variations du δ13C et le comportement physiologique des arbres sont liés à l'humidité du milieu dans lequel ils évoluent. Il existe donc une différence entre les arbres poussant à l'Ouest des Andes, où les précipitations sont abondantes, plutôt sensible aux variations de luminosité, et ceux poussant à l'Est dans un environnement plus sec, plutôt sensibles aux variations d'humidité. Au cours de cette thèse, j'ai également mis en évidence le lien entre les variations de δ13C et de δ18O des cernes d'A. araucana évoluant dans un milieu sec et celles de la température et de l'humidité, elles-mêmes contrôlées par l'Oscillation Antarctique et la position de la branche descendante de la cellule de Hadley. Le fort potentiel du δ13C de la cellulose des cernes d'A. araucana à enregistrer les variations de température et d'aridité d'été à l'échelle régionale permet de reconstituer les variations climatiques de Patagonie sur plusieurs siècles (315 ans) et met en avant une forte augmentation des températures maximales (+1°C) à la fin du XVIIIème siècle. A l'échelle régionale, les reconstructions climatiques révèlent une uniformisation des tendances (température et humidité) sur les dernières décennies, probablement en lien avec le changement climatique global qui devient le principal facteur de contrôle de la variabilité climatique. Le δ18O de la cellulose, contrôlé par les δ18O des précipitations et du sol, a lui aussi enregistré un changement climatique à la du XVIIIème siècle qui serait imputable, du moins en partie, à l'Oscillation Antarctique. Les déplacements de la branche descendante de la cellule de Hadley seraient également enregistrés par le δ18O jusqu'au milieu des années 1990, date à laquelle la cellule se serait probablement trop étendue pour affecter les A. araucana à ces latitudes. Ces outils isotopiques s'avèrent donc prometteurs pour mieux comprendre la variabilité spatio-temporelle des phénomènes qui touchent la Patagonie, notamment la contribution de la cellule de Hadley dans le changement global actuel du climat
For the past 100 years, the western part of South America, from the Altiplano to Northern Patagonia, has experienced increasingly frequent and long periods of drought. This trend, which is probably partly related to the expansion of the Hadley atmospheric cell associated with a dominant positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode in recent decades, will continue according to climate modelling. The objective of my thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the processes responsible for this evolution by reconstructing past hydro-climatic variations in Northern Patagonia. To do so, I use the carbon δ13C and oxygen δ18O isotopic composition of the cellulose in the tree-rings of Araucaria araucana, an endemic species of Patagonia whose range is between 37°20'S and 40°20'S. Several results emerge from this study. First, I showed that the isotopic composition of cellulose in A. araucana reflects the climatic conditions of the current growing season, whereas tree-ring widths are more dependent on the climatic conditions of the previous growing season. Remobilisation of reserves is therefore not involved in the production of the sugars used to produce the rings. I then showed that the variations in δ13C and the physiological behaviour of trees are linked to the humidity of the environment in which they grow. Thus, there is a difference between trees growing in the western Andes, where rainfall is abundant, which are more sensitive to variations in luminosity, and those growing in the east in a drier environment, which are more sensitive to variations in humidity. During this thesis, I also demonstrated the link between the variations of δ13C and δ18O of the rings of A. araucana growing in a dry environment and those of temperature and humidity, themselves controlled by the Southern Annular Mode and the position of the descending branch of the Hadley cell. The high potential of the δ13C of the cellulose in the tree-rings of A. araucana to record variations in temperature and summer aridity on a regional scale makes it possible to reconstruct climatic variations in Patagonia over several centuries (315 years) and highlights a strong increase in maximum temperatures (+1°C) at the end of the 18th century. At the regional scale, the climate reconstructions reveal a uniformity of trends (temperature and humidity) over the last few decades, probably linked to global climate change, which is becoming the main factor controlling climate variability. The cellulose δ18O, controlled by the precipitation and soil δ18O, has also shown a change in climate in the 18th century that is attributable, at least in part, to the Southern Annular Mode. Displacements of the descending branch of the Hadley cell would also be recorded by the δ18O until the mid-1990s, when the cell would probably have expanded too much to affect the A. araucana at these latitudes. These isotopic tools therefore show promise for better understanding the spatio-temporal variability of the phenomena affecting Patagonia, including the contribution of the Hadley cell to current global climate change
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Zavala, Hidalgo Jorge Ignacio. "Análisis de la producción, germinación y viabilidad de semillas de Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch, para tres años de fructificación y tres localidades de la comuna de Lonquimay, Región de la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152395.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal
La Araucaria araucana es una especie endémica de los bosques de Chile y Argentina, de gran importancia en las comunidades Mapuche-Pehuenches de la zona sur de nuestro país, que a pesar de ser declarada Monumento Natural en el año 1990, se ha visto afectada por una escasa incorporación de regeneración por falta de semillas en los bosques, peligrando su conservación. El objetivo de esta memoria es analizar si existe relación entre la producción de conos con la cantidad de semillas por cono, el peso de las semillas y la germinación de éstas. La investigación se llevó a cabo entre los años 2012 y 2014, en tres localidades de la comuna de Lonquimay, Región de la Araucanía, en las cuales se instalaron las parcelas, identificando los árboles femeninos y se contabilizaron los conos potencialmente disponibles por hectárea. En los conos colectados se midió el número y peso de las semillas. Finalmente se seleccionaron semillas al azar para realizar el ensayo de germinación. Se estableció que el año 2012 corresponde a un año de baja producción, el 2013 a un año de alta producción y el 2014 a un año de producción media de conos. Se obtiene una media de entre 150 y 83 semillas por cono, siendo el año de baja producción, el que presenta los valores más altos. Las semillas tienen un peso promedio 3,3 gramos, pero en el año de producción media esta baja a 2,8 gramos por semilla. Los valores más altos de capacidad germinativa y valor máximo corresponden al año de alta producción con un 91,7% y un 3%/día respectivamente, mientras que el año de producción media presenta valores significativamente más bajos. Los resultados muestran que existe una sincronía o “masting” a nivel regional en la producción de conos. El éxito y velocidad de germinación de las semillas tiene relación con su peso y no con la cantidad de conos producidos ese año.
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Moreno-González, Ricardo [Verfasser]. "Holocene Vegetation and Disturbance Dynamics in the Araucaria araucana Forest: a paleoecological contribution for conservation / Ricardo Moreno-González." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213974631/34.

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Herrmann, Thora Martina. "Knowledge, values, use and management of the Araucaria araucana forest by indigenous Mapuche Pewenche communities of the IX region in the Chilean Andes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288792.

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Navarro, Mena Adolfo. "Sequía en la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151086.

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Cortez, Julio. "La Araucana, ficción necesaria, ficción integradora." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39811.pdf.

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Kettle, Christopher. "Conservation genetics of New Caledonian Araucaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15163.

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The Araucaria conifers of New Caledonia are a globally significant group with 13 endemic species, eleven of which are threatened with extinction. The critically endangered conifer Araucaria nemorosa and common widespread congener A. columnaris, provide a comparative framework in which to empirically investigate the genetic consequences of fragmentation in understudied anemophilous group. A survey of the genetic diversity at nuclear microsatellite loci over the species’ total range suggests that adults of A. nemorosa are not genetically depauperate, maintaining equivalent levels of genetic diversity to A. columnaris (Ae=20.66; 14.7; He=0.715; 0.654 in A. nemorosa and A. columnaris respectively). However, quantifying genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients in seedling populations revealed a significant loss of allelic richness and a two-fold increase in the inbreeding coefficients in A. nemorosa  seedlings compared to adult populations (FIS 0.195 vs 0.096). This indicates that genetic bottlenecks and elevated inbreeding are likely consequences of fragmentation in A. nemorosa populations. Stand structure, reproductive characteristics and population genetic structure within remnant populations of A. nemorosa were assessed in order to place the genetic consequences of fragmentation in an ecological context. This indicates that in severely fragmented populations ecological and genetic factors can interact to determine population persistence. The reproductive characteristics of A. nemorosa were evaluated, which revealed that seed set is generally very low (5% seed set per cone) with a high variance among individuals. The consequences of fertility variance for the effective population size were explored using both ecological and genetic methods. This suggests that fertility variance will have few consequences for population genetics of wild seedling cohorts. However, in a single season, the number of adults contributing to the seed crop may be small and this has implications for the sampling of germplasm for forest restoration.
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Osterkamp, Isa Carla. "Inferências ambientais e taxonômicas com base em lenhos carbonizados: análise de alterações geradas pela carbonização artificial de Araucariaceae." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1724.

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CAPES
Os vegetais são organismos sensíveis às mudanças climáticas e podem ser considerados importantes testemunhos de eventos ambientais que afetaram e continuam afetando o planeta. Quando inseridos em contexto sedimentar sob a forma de fósseis, as plantas acabam por se transformar em registros confiáveis de variações paleoambientais ocorridas enquanto viviam. Por sua vez, o carvão vegetal macroscópico é amplamente aceito como indicador de ocorrência de (paleo)incêndios vegetacionais durante o seu processo de deposição. O estudo do carvão vegetal tem permitido realizar interpretações paleoambientais, taxonômicas e tafonômicas, portanto muitos trabalhos já foram publicados sobre sua ocorrência em diferentes períodos geológicos em todo o planeta. Entretanto, os processos sobre a formação do carvão vegetal, as condições ambientais no momento de sua deposição, e principalmente as variações observadas nas suas estruturas anatômicas, tem sido alvo menos frequente de estudos. Estas alterações ainda são desconhecidas para muitos táxons modernos de relevância paleobotânica. O presente estudo analisa alterações anatômicas, durante a carbonização artificial de madeira em espécies de Araucariaceae (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris e Wollemia nobilis). Os parâmetros vistos e a longa história geológica mostram o valor que as formas associadas à família Araucariaceae possuem na avaliação do clima e da geologia pretéritos, tornando seu estudo especialmente valioso para geólogos e paleobotânicos. Blocos de madeira foram submetidos ao tratamento térmico, da condição ambiente até 1000ºC, aumentando de 50-50ºC. O carvão foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As mensurações dos caracteres anatômicos da madeira e do carvão foram analisadas estatisticamente em 0,05 de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das características anatômicas analisadas é estatisticamente significativas correlacionadas com as temperaturas de carbonização. Grande parte dos caracteres mostrou uma acentuada redução dimensional com o aumento da temperatura. No entanto, em comparação com a variabilidade das características anatômicas, há pouca modificação ocasionada pela temperatura. Com relação ao carvão vegetal fóssil de Araucariaceae, o presente trabalho pode contribuir para inferências taxonômicas e paleoambientais.
Plants are organisms that are sensitive to climate change and can be considered important testimonies of environmental events that have affected and continue to affect the planet. When inserted in a sedimentary context in the form of fossils, the plants turn into reliable records of paleoenvironmental variations occurring while they lived. In turn, macroscopic charcoal is widely accepted as an indicator of occurrence of (paleo)wildfires during its deposition process. The study of charcoal has allowed to perform paleoenvironmental, taxonomic and taphonomic interpretations, so many works have already been published about their occurrence in different geological periods around the planet. However, the processes on charcoal formation, environmental conditions at the time of deposition, and especially the variations observed in their anatomical structures, have been less frequent targets of studies. These changes are still unknown to many modern taxa of paleobotanical relevance. The present study analyzes anatomical alterations during artificial carbonization of wood in Araucariaceae species (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris and Wollemia nobilis). The parameters observed and the long geological history show the value that the forms associated to the Araucariaceae family have in the evaluation of the previous climate and geology, making their study especially valuable for geologists and paleobotanists. Wood blocks were submitted to the thermal treatment, from the ambient condition up to 1000ºC, increasing from 50-50ºC. The charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements of the anatomical characters of the wood and the charcoal were statistically analyzed in 0,05 of significance. The results showed that most of the anatomical characteristics analyzed are statistically significant correlated with the carbonization temperatures. Most of the characters showed a marked dimensional reduction with increasing temperature. However, in comparison to the variability of anatomical characteristics, there is little modification caused by temperature. With regard to the fossil charcoal of Araucariaceae, the present work can contribute to taxonomic and paleoenvironmental inferences.
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Kranitz, Mai-lan. "Systematics and evolution of New Caledonian Araucaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12110.

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13 of the world’s 19 Araucaria species are endemic to New Caledonia. This thesis has investigated the evolution and systematics of this group. A molecular phylogenetic study based on sequence data from two chloroplast regions resolved all 13 New Caledonian species as a monophyletic group, sister to the Norfolk Island Pine (A. heterophylla). The relationships between the New Caledonian species was not fully resolved as little sequence variability was detected, however, three main groups were defined. The species with bigger leaves occupied a basal polytomy, whereas the vast majority of species with smaller leaves were grouped together in a clade. Within this ‘small leaved’ clade, the three New Caledonian species with a coastal distribution formed another monophyletic group. The timing of the radiation of all these species was tested via a molecular clock approach using different calibration tools (fossil data, geological events, substitution rates). The precise dating of the New Caledonian radiation remains uncertain because different calibration methods give different dates. However, it seems likely to have occurred between 10 and 43 mya. A combination of molecular and morphological approaches was used to assess species limits and population identities. This resulted in re-determination of the identity of several populations and the distributions of some species. The current state of knowledge of the taxonomy of the New Caledonian species was summarised. Finally, the distribution of chloroplast haplotypes among 468 individuals from 49 populations representing all New Caledonian Araucaria revealed strong taxonomic signal, and high genetic diversity among the species with bigger leaves, and low diversity in the coastal species. The distribution of genetic variation is discussed in the context of the evolution and conservation of the New Caledonian Araucaria spp.
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Books on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Isaías, Lerner, ed. La Araucana. Madrid: Cátedra, 1993.

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Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga. La Araucana. Madrid: Cátedra, 1993.

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Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga. La Araucana. Madrid: Cátedra, 1998.

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Marysol, Nieves, Lippard Lucy R, Phillips Patricia, and Bronx Museum of the Arts., eds. Rimer Cardillo: Araucaria. Bronx, N.Y: Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1998.

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María, Güiraldes Ana, ed. Quidora, joven araucana. Santiago de Chile: Zig-Zag, 1992.

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E, Carlos Humberto Sepúlveda. Ensayos de historia araucana. Santafé de Bogotá: [s.n.], 1992.

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Araucaria: Carnets du Chili. Paris: L'Association, 2004.

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Araucaria. Chambers book of Araucaria crosswords. Edinburgh: Chambers, 2006.

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Araucaria. Chambers book of Araucaria crosswords. Edinburgh: Chambers, 2005.

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Reyna, Aldo de la. Geodesia de la Araucanía. Temuco, Chile: Universidad de la Frontera, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Marchelli, Paula, Javier Sanguinetti, Fernanda Izquierdo, Birgit Ziegenhagen, Angela Martín, Claudia Mattioni, Leonardo A. Gallo, et al. "Araucaria araucana and Salix humboldtiana: Two Species Highly Appreciated by the Society with Domestication Potential." In Low Intensity Breeding of Native Forest Trees in Argentina, 175–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56462-9_7.

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Ladio, Ana H., and Mauricio Sedrez dos Reis. "Different Relational Models have Shaped the Biocultural Conservation over Time of Araucaria araucana Forests and Their People." In Climatic and Ecological Change in the Americas, 104–19. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316497-7.

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Hadad, Martín Ariel, Julieta Gabriela Arco Molina, and Fidel Alejandro Roig. "Dendrochronological Study of the Xeric and Mesic Araucaria araucana Forests of Northern Patagonia: Implications for Ecology and Conservation." In Latin American Dendroecology, 283–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36930-9_13.

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Sepúlveda, Bastien, and Nelson Martínez-Berríos. "Geographic Imaginaries in Dispute in Northern Patagonia: Tourism, Environmental Conservation, and Indigenous Territorial Rights in Quinquén, Chile." In Tourism and Conservation-based Development in the Periphery, 119–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38048-8_6.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we pose that tourism participates in a process of reterritorialization, in dialogue with past and present dynamics of deterritorialization, and arises from the actions of diverse powers that constrain Indigenous agency. We discuss tourism both as a window that reveals the tensions between environmentalconservation and Indigenous territorial rights and as a socio-political process that could resolve them. Methodologically, this work reflects extensive bibliographical review, document analysis, and fieldwork that has been conducted through numerous periodic stays in Quinquén and other Pewenche communities. First, we explore a theoretical perspective of the production of geographical imaginaries and its applications in Northern Patagonia. Next, we analyze the dual processes of exploitation/protection of the Araucaria, contextualizing them within the framework of the territorial dispossession that affected the Pewenche in the upper basin of the Bío-Bío River, an area of Chile located in the mountainous communes of Lonquimay, in the Araucanía Region, and Alto Bío-Bío, in the Bío-Bío Region, where 54% and 83% of the population identify themselves as Pewenche, respectively. This chapter continues with consideration of the Quinquén territory of northern Chilean Patagonia, where the Pewenche struggle for the Araucaria tree has resulted in a tourism development project.
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Maene, L., and P. Debergh. "Araucaria." In Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 176–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0992-7_14.

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Paisani, Julio César, Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos, Gabriela Goudard, Adriano Ávila Goulart, and Vitor Hugo Rosa Biffi. "Subtropical Araucaria Plateaus." In The Physical Geography of Brazil, 21–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04333-9_3.

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Ilyas, R. A., Salit Mohd Sapuan, A. Nazrin, A. S. Norfarhana, Abu Hassan Nordin, H. S. N. Hawanis, A. Khalina, et al. "9 Araucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose." In Nanocellulose-Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Composites, 173–90. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110773606-009.

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Bekessy, Sarah A., Adrian C. Newton, Julian C. Fox, Antonio Lara, Andrea Premoli, Marco Cortes, Mauro Gonzalez, et al. "Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana) in Southern Chile: Effects of Timber and Seed Harvest, Volcanic Activity, and Fire." In Species Conservation and Management, 48–63. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166460.003.0005.

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Abstract Commonly known as the monkey puzzle tree or pehuén, Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch (Araucariaceae) is an impressively large and long-lived conifer, reaching 50 m in height, 2.5 m in girth, and ages of at least 1,300 years (Montaldo 1974). Its current distribution spans only three degrees of latitude and is divided between a main area that straddles both sides of the Andean divide (in Chile and Argentina) and two disjunct populations on the Coastal Range, Chile (Figure 5.1). Its former distribution has been severely diminished by logging, human-set fires, and land clearance since European settlement (Veblen 1982). Monkey puzzle produces high-quality timber and provides a unique resource for tourism and recreation. The tree figures importantly in the religion of the native Pehuenche people and is valued for its large, edible seeds that are extensively collected for local consumption and distribution to markets across Chile and Argentina (Aagesen 1998a, Tacón 1999).
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"araucaria, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/6353762104.

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"La Araucana (Extract)." In A Critical Anthology of Spanish Verse, 227–31. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8501401.133.

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Conference papers on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Barría Catalán, Tirza, and Leonel Pérez Bustamante. "LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA CIUDAD REPUBLICANA. Estudio sobre las primeras formas y adaptaciones de la trama urbana de las ciudades de la Araucanía, Chile. 1880-1900." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12738.

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The republican cities of Araucanía, a region located in the south of Chile, emerged after the end of the "pacification of Araucanía" (1862-1883). Following the presidential decrees of 1885 and 1889, which established provisions for the founding of towns, plans were drawn up and executed by the engineers in charge of colonization. These cities were projected according to the checkerboard grid, whose general outlines are defined in their first urban plans. Early on, variations and formal adaptations were generated in the layout of streets and blocks due to the geographical conditions of the location and variations in the distribution of state and civil enclosures. However, buildings such as the Fire Station, the Social Club, the Theater, and the Municipality, together formed a new urban facade of the main square, which contributed to the urban identity through its architecture. Keywords: founding of cities, urban plans, architecture, Araucania, Araucanía Las ciudades republicanas de la Araucanía, región ubicada al sur de Chile, surgen tras el término de la “pacificación de La Araucanía” (1862-1883). A partir de los decretos presidenciales de 1885 y 1889 que establecieron disposiciones para la fundación de poblaciones, se llevaron a cabo sus planos siendo ejecutados por los ingenieros a cargo de la colonización. Estas ciudades se proyectaron en función de la retícula de damero, cuyos lineamientos generales se definen en sus primeros planos urbanos. Tempranamente se generaron variaciones y adaptaciones formales en el trazado de calles y manzanas por las condiciones geográficas del emplazamiento y variaciones en la distribución de los recintos estatales y civiles. Sin embargo, edificios como el Cuartel del Bomberos, el Club Social, el Teatro, y el Municipio, conformaron en conjunto una nueva fachada urbana de la plaza principal, los cuales contribuyeron a la identidad urbana mediante su arquitectura. Palabras clave: fundación de ciudades, planos urbanos, arquitectura, Araucanía
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Fuentes, Pablo, and Leonel Pérez. "LA CONSTRUCCIÓN CONTEMPORÁNEA DE UN IMAGINARIO IDENTITARIO. Espacio público en La Araucanía, Chile." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12742.

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Urban and geographical imaginaries seem to be bearers of the local elite’s cultural ideologies in their search to organize territories. During the 19th century, the Chilean state began a territorial occupation process in Araucania under a civilizing ideal and an empty conception of space, using a group of actions linked by the railroad. These matters were at the base of the Nation-State’s consolidation (Pinto, 2003). The research questions the insistence to evoke railroad elements in the design of public spaces during different temporalities, and in return, to reflect on remembering the elements of Mapuche culture as a response to the imposition of hegemonic urban imaginaries. This work, from a quantitative approach, has the purpose of comparatively analyzing public spaces in Araucania’s coastal and mountain cities and examining their contextual imaginaries. Keywords: Public space, urban imagery, squares, La Araucanía
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Fuentes Hernández, Pablo. "MODELOS Y TIPOS EN LA ARAUCANÍA, CHILE. Estrategias y políticas de estandarización arquitectónica para una ocupación situada,1886-1931." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12739.

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The Araucania, in southern Chile, which divided the country in two, was a territory inhabited by the Mapuche people since ancient times. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the State launched a military and civil occupation policy that would expand Republican ideals under capitalist concepts. In this way, the occupation strategies tried to consolidate modernizing processes. In the state approach of some of the Presidents of the time, there were several relevant actions: railroad expansion, land division, city creation, colonization, and the displacement of the Mapuche people to indigenous reservations. Among the architectural events that reveal the willingness to consolidate the nation-state, the construction of modern school establishments is seen as a civilizing trigger. This work aims to present the architectural alternatives chosen by the State to impose its official presence, while new languages of political aestheticization spread. Keywords: Araucanía, nation state, school buildings, standardization. La Araucanía, en el sur de Chile, era un territorio habitado desde tiempos ancestrales por el pueblo mapuche que dividía al país en dos. A fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX el Estado emprendió una política de ocupación militar y cívica que expandía ideales republicanos amparado en conceptos capitalistas. Así, las estrategias de ocupación intentaban consolidar procesos modernizadores. En el enfoque estatal de algunos presidentes de la época se advierten algunos hechos relevantes: la expansión ferroviaria, la hijuelación del territorio, la creación de ciudades, la colonización y el desplazamiento de mapuches a reducciones indígenas. Entre los hechos arquitectónicos que revelan la voluntad por consolidar el estado nación se aprecia la construcción de establecimientos escolares modernos como detonadores civilizatorios. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar las alternativas arquitectónicas escogidas por el Estado para imponer su presencia oficial, al tiempo que expande nuevos lenguajes propios de una estetización política. Palabras clave: Araucanía, estado nación, construcciones escolares, estandarización.
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Christo, Maraliz de Castro Vieira. "Monvoisin no Salon de 1859: índios, mestiçagem e pessimismo." In Encontro da História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.6.2010.3832.

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A escassa biografia de Monvoisin salienta a trajetória de um pintor de sólida formação que, embora tenha conseguido prêmios e certa notoriedade na corte de Luís XVIII e Luís Felipe I, não se sentia suficientemente reconhecido, a ponto de abandonar Paris e buscar fama na América Latina. No Chile, Monvoisin estabeleceu ótimo relacionamento com a elite local, ávida de ser representada, realizando mais de 300 retratos entre 1843 e 1857, a começar pelo retrato do General D. Manuel Bulnes, presidente do país. Em 1858, Monvoisin retornou definitivamente à França e participou do Salon de Paris de 1859. Na publicação explicativa das obras do Salon, constam as telas: Casal paraguaio; Caupolican, chefe dos araucanos, prisioneiro dos espanhóis e Uma chilena prisioneira dos índios nas costas da Araucania.
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Barría Catalán, Tirza, and Leonel Pérez Bustamante. "LA FORMA URBANA DE LAS CIUDADES DE NUEVA FUNDACIÓN. Revisión a las cartografías históricas de la Araucanía, Chile, 1880-1940." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12003.

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After the pacification of La Frontera, the military forts were the starting point for the new towns in Araucanía. These places were populated as a function of the provision of sites together with the implementation of communication and urbanisation routes provided by the Chilean state. The gradual industrial and agricultural development associated with these first cities of Araucanía, together with the increase in population, led to the occupation of the areas immediately surrounding the original layout of the town. After the analysis of the first plans drawn up for the cities of Temuco and Nueva Imperial, we recognise the framework of a city project that defines and anticipates its form. In this sense, the cartography is analysed as a source of the project, from which the necessary actions for urban development are materialised. Keywords: historical cartographies, Araucanía, Temuco, Nueva Imperial Tras la pacificación de La Frontera, los fuertes militares fueron el punto de inicio de las nuevas ciudades de la Araucanía. Estos lugares se fueron poblando en función de la entrega de sitios junto a la implementación de vías de comunicación y urbanización provistas por el Estado chileno. El paulatino desarrollo industrial y agrícola asociado a estas primeras ciudades de la Araucanía, sumado al incremento de la población, dio curso a la ocupación de las áreas inmediatas al trazado original de la población. Tras los análisis de los primeros planos levantados para las ciudades de Temuco y Nueva Imperial, se reconoce el entramado de un proyecto de ciudad que define y anticipa la forma de esta, En este sentido la cartografía es analizada como fuente de proyecto, desde el cual se materializaran las acciones necesarias para el desarrollo urbano. Palabras clave: cartografía histórica, Araucanía, Temuco, Nueva Imperial
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Sepulveda, Samuel, and Ricardo Fuentes. "Process improvement experience at SERVIU Araucanía." In 2021 40th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sccc54552.2021.9650404.

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Batista da Silveira Araujo, Marielle, Etiene Valéria de Aguiar, Vitória Alves de Araújo, Letícia Faggian, and Vanessa Dias Capriles. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PÃO À BASE DE PINHÃO (ARAUCARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA)." In CBCP - Congresso On-line Brasileiro de Tecnologia de Cereais e Panificação. ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/cbcp2020.277557.

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Basyuni, Mohammad, Irma Deni, Bejo Slamet, Yuntha Bimantara, Rahmah Hayati, Rizka Amelia, Hirosuke Oku, and Hiroshi Sagami. "Polyisoprenoids Composition from Araucaria heterophylla and Casuarina equisetifolia leaves." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008526201080111.

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Takahashi, Yohsuke, Hajime Sawamura, and Jing Zhang. "Transforming Natural Arguments in Araucaria to Formal Arguments in LMA." In 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iat.2006.126.

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Faustino, Luciane, Marcos de Freitas, and Fernando C. de Albuquerque. "All Volatile Treatment – AVT(O) for HRSGs – Araucaria Power Station." In 1st International Seminar on Industrial Innovation in Electrochemistry. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-s3ie-10.

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Reports on the topic "Araucaria araucana"

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Salas, Humberto. Confianza del empresariado en La Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9771202159.

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La confianza empresarial en La Araucanía desde mediados de 2019 muestra un punto de inflexión negativo y toca fondo el primer semestre de 2020. Si bien, existe un cambio de tendencia al cierre del año, preocupa la caída en la disposición a contratar trabajadores en la mayoría de los sectores. Se ratifica que enfrentamos una crisis de confianza nunca vista que paraliza la toma de decisiones, detonada por el estallido social y la propa= gación del Covid-19, dando origen a la peor crisis económica de los últimos cuarenta años.
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Salas, Humberto. La Araucanía y las 40 horas. El Austral de la Araucanía, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9804201972.

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Salas, Humberto. La piedra de tope de nuestra Araucanía. El Austral de la Araucanía, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/9832202183.

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Salas, Humberto, and Víctor Venegas. Confianza empresarial del sector agrícola en La Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9759202156.

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Es sabido que los indicadores de confianza poseen poder de pronóstico para las economías y sectores productivos. La Araucanía es privilegiada al disponer de este tipo de medición, el cual es un valioso insumo a la hora de proyectar ciclos económicos, pronosticar el comportamiento del mercado laboral, establecer puntos de inflexión y detectar cambios en las fluctuaciones por medio de datos representativos que permitan la toma de decisiones empresariales fundamentadas. Según la propia Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, estas mediciones exponen valiosa capacidad predictiva por su criterio de información, no obstante, lo que puede variar en diferentes latitudes y sectores económicos es el rezago con que estos indicadores impactan en la economía real. El Índice de Confianza Empresarial de La Araucanía, elaborado por la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, mide desde el 2017 la confianza de los empresarios en distintos sectores como Agropecuario y Forestal, Comercio, Construcción, Financiero, Industrial y Transporte. A su vez, analiza la evolución mensual de las percepciones respecto a variables de interés de cada rubro en distintos ámbitos, para poder así pronosticar si la confianza de los empresarios será neutral, pesimista u optimista en distintos niveles. Se usa la metodología del ICE Nacional elaborado por la Universidad del Desarrollo, que es el indicador de confianza empresarial más completo y confiable en Chile para medir percepciones pasadas, presentes y futuras.
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Salas, Humberto. Los desafíos del comercio detallista en La Araucanía. El Austral de la Araucanía, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9783201864.

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Salas, Humberto. Confianza empresarial, midiendo la temperatura de La Araucanía. El Austral de la Araucanía, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/9810201974.

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Durán Toledo, Diego. La política de la “mano dura “en La Araucanía y la crónica de un fracaso anunciado. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/9045202014.

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Salas, Humberto. Medición de la confianza empresarial: un enfoque regional desde la Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/975520193.

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Toloza et al. (2018) describen una dificultad contingente al indicar que en nuestro país no se cuenta con “información robusta” a nivel regional y sectorial para el uso de los distintos agentes económicos. El autor resalta la insuficiente información para la toma de decisiones a nivel territorial y señala que esta es una limitante y un desafío país, por lo que es necesaria la “creación de sistemas regionales integrados de información territorial” (p. 194) para estos fines. El problema anterior, sumado al dilema de comprender el mecanismo bajo el cual estos agentes (empresas, familias y gobierno) forman sus expectativas, representa uno de los desafíos más importantes de la macroeconomía moderna, fundamentalmente en lo que refiere a los ciclos de negocios. Esto, dado que la gran dificultad para estudiar este fenómeno con mayor nivel de desagregación se centra en la disponibilidad de información (Borraz y Gianelli, 2011). Considerando el carácter social que tiene la economía, su comportamiento se ve influenciado por las percepciones de los agentes económicos, respecto de los escenarios futuros. Estas percepciones guardan relación con la coyuntura económica, la política, el resto del mundo y el marco jurídico en un país, entre otros elementos. Es en este contexto en que los gobiernos y el sector privado deben alcanzar un consenso sobre políticas económicas y sociales que produzcan un entorno estable para las regiones (Después de la crisis, 2010). La experiencia internacional indica que una consolidación y un buen manejo de la política fiscal influye fuertemente en el corto plazo en el “sentimiento empresarial” (Michail, et al., 2018). Esta tesis la refuerzan Bachmann y Sims (2012), quienes plantean que una política económica orientada a la consolidación tiene un impacto potente en la economía, a través del canal de confianza empresarial, con efectos que no deben ser subestimados. Considerando que en la Araucanía este componente es importante, la política fiscal juega entonces un papel relevante en las expectativas del empresariado. Es así como en la región, las empresas, gremios, consumidores, comerciantes, agricultores e inversionistas poseen visiones relativas de lo que podría acontecer, considerando su experiencia y apreciaciones, que son muchas veces subjetivas. Se formulan así, período a período, supuestos sobre acontecimientos que buscan explicar escenarios futuros; a este proceso mental colectivo lo llamamos expectativas. No cabe duda de que estas determinan el comportamiento futuro del consumo, del ahorro y la inversión, e incluso de la orientación de la política pública, al impactar directamente en la actividad económica y, más importante, en la generación de empleo e ingresos de la fuerza de trabajo. En consecuencia la situación en la Araucanía no es difiere del problema de cómo los agentes económicos se forman expectativas y cómo logran interactuar con la estructura institucional de la economía, habiendo históricamente interés de los investigadores por incursionar en estas temáticas (Rosser, 2001). La utilización de indicadores que reflejan las expectativas de agentes económicos levantados por medio de encuestas es desarrollada en muchos países que cuentan con un sistema de estadísticas avanzado. Lanzilotta (2014) establece que los indicadores de este tipo son ampliamente utilizados en investigación aplicada, con el fin de capturar y anticipar los movimientos de numerosas variables, para así dar cuenta de la formación de expectativas y los planes de las empresas. El autor plantea que los indicadores de expectativas elaborados a partir tanto de encuestas a empresarios como a consumidores son ampliamente divulgados, principalmente con dos objetivos: explorar los mecanismos de formación de expectativas e identificar su poder predictivo. Es válido, entonces, examinar la forma en que las expectativas locales tienen efectos concretos para la comunidad y los mecanismos en que estas perspectivas afectan realmente el desempeño económico de un territorio. Es en este contexto que según lo expuesto por Salas (2018), la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile —con metodología de la Universidad del Desarrollo y el apoyo de la Multigremial de la Araucanía, representante de SOFOFA en la zona— ha aunado esfuerzos para medir la confianza empresarial en la región, desde junio de 2017, creando así el primer Índice de Confianza Empresarial de la Araucanía (ICE Araucanía). Esta iniciativa es relevante, considerando la escasa información para la toma de decisiones del empresariado local en la zona y que la disposición de esta permite a los distintos sectores competir en entornos cambiantes. Así se busca contribuir y hacernos cargo en parte de un problema general que dejó la última crisis económica mundial. Esta manifestó la debilidad de América Latina y de las regiones para competir en una economía global y compleja, debido a la poca información disponible para la toma de decisiones empresariales (Después de la crisis, 2010).
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Salas, Humberto. Confianza empresarial en La Araucanía: Después de un año complejo ¿Cómo seguimos? Tiempo 21, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/9831202182.

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