Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Araucaria araucana'
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Mujica, Rodrigo. "Untersuchungen zur waldbaulichen Behandlung von Araucaria-araucana-Wäldern in Südchile." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961283998.
Full textPenchenat, Tiphaine. "Reconstruction multi-centenaire des variations d'indicateurs hydroclimatiques en Patagonie à partir de la composition isotopique des cernes d'Araucaria araucana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ013.
Full textFor the past 100 years, the western part of South America, from the Altiplano to Northern Patagonia, has experienced increasingly frequent and long periods of drought. This trend, which is probably partly related to the expansion of the Hadley atmospheric cell associated with a dominant positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode in recent decades, will continue according to climate modelling. The objective of my thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the processes responsible for this evolution by reconstructing past hydro-climatic variations in Northern Patagonia. To do so, I use the carbon δ13C and oxygen δ18O isotopic composition of the cellulose in the tree-rings of Araucaria araucana, an endemic species of Patagonia whose range is between 37°20'S and 40°20'S. Several results emerge from this study. First, I showed that the isotopic composition of cellulose in A. araucana reflects the climatic conditions of the current growing season, whereas tree-ring widths are more dependent on the climatic conditions of the previous growing season. Remobilisation of reserves is therefore not involved in the production of the sugars used to produce the rings. I then showed that the variations in δ13C and the physiological behaviour of trees are linked to the humidity of the environment in which they grow. Thus, there is a difference between trees growing in the western Andes, where rainfall is abundant, which are more sensitive to variations in luminosity, and those growing in the east in a drier environment, which are more sensitive to variations in humidity. During this thesis, I also demonstrated the link between the variations of δ13C and δ18O of the rings of A. araucana growing in a dry environment and those of temperature and humidity, themselves controlled by the Southern Annular Mode and the position of the descending branch of the Hadley cell. The high potential of the δ13C of the cellulose in the tree-rings of A. araucana to record variations in temperature and summer aridity on a regional scale makes it possible to reconstruct climatic variations in Patagonia over several centuries (315 years) and highlights a strong increase in maximum temperatures (+1°C) at the end of the 18th century. At the regional scale, the climate reconstructions reveal a uniformity of trends (temperature and humidity) over the last few decades, probably linked to global climate change, which is becoming the main factor controlling climate variability. The cellulose δ18O, controlled by the precipitation and soil δ18O, has also shown a change in climate in the 18th century that is attributable, at least in part, to the Southern Annular Mode. Displacements of the descending branch of the Hadley cell would also be recorded by the δ18O until the mid-1990s, when the cell would probably have expanded too much to affect the A. araucana at these latitudes. These isotopic tools therefore show promise for better understanding the spatio-temporal variability of the phenomena affecting Patagonia, including the contribution of the Hadley cell to current global climate change
Zavala, Hidalgo Jorge Ignacio. "Análisis de la producción, germinación y viabilidad de semillas de Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch, para tres años de fructificación y tres localidades de la comuna de Lonquimay, Región de la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152395.
Full textLa Araucaria araucana es una especie endémica de los bosques de Chile y Argentina, de gran importancia en las comunidades Mapuche-Pehuenches de la zona sur de nuestro país, que a pesar de ser declarada Monumento Natural en el año 1990, se ha visto afectada por una escasa incorporación de regeneración por falta de semillas en los bosques, peligrando su conservación. El objetivo de esta memoria es analizar si existe relación entre la producción de conos con la cantidad de semillas por cono, el peso de las semillas y la germinación de éstas. La investigación se llevó a cabo entre los años 2012 y 2014, en tres localidades de la comuna de Lonquimay, Región de la Araucanía, en las cuales se instalaron las parcelas, identificando los árboles femeninos y se contabilizaron los conos potencialmente disponibles por hectárea. En los conos colectados se midió el número y peso de las semillas. Finalmente se seleccionaron semillas al azar para realizar el ensayo de germinación. Se estableció que el año 2012 corresponde a un año de baja producción, el 2013 a un año de alta producción y el 2014 a un año de producción media de conos. Se obtiene una media de entre 150 y 83 semillas por cono, siendo el año de baja producción, el que presenta los valores más altos. Las semillas tienen un peso promedio 3,3 gramos, pero en el año de producción media esta baja a 2,8 gramos por semilla. Los valores más altos de capacidad germinativa y valor máximo corresponden al año de alta producción con un 91,7% y un 3%/día respectivamente, mientras que el año de producción media presenta valores significativamente más bajos. Los resultados muestran que existe una sincronía o “masting” a nivel regional en la producción de conos. El éxito y velocidad de germinación de las semillas tiene relación con su peso y no con la cantidad de conos producidos ese año.
Moreno-González, Ricardo [Verfasser]. "Holocene Vegetation and Disturbance Dynamics in the Araucaria araucana Forest: a paleoecological contribution for conservation / Ricardo Moreno-González." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213974631/34.
Full textHerrmann, Thora Martina. "Knowledge, values, use and management of the Araucaria araucana forest by indigenous Mapuche Pewenche communities of the IX region in the Chilean Andes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288792.
Full textNavarro, Mena Adolfo. "Sequía en la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151086.
Full textCortez, Julio. "La Araucana, ficción necesaria, ficción integradora." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39811.pdf.
Full textKettle, Christopher. "Conservation genetics of New Caledonian Araucaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15163.
Full textOsterkamp, Isa Carla. "Inferências ambientais e taxonômicas com base em lenhos carbonizados: análise de alterações geradas pela carbonização artificial de Araucariaceae." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1724.
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CAPES
Os vegetais são organismos sensíveis às mudanças climáticas e podem ser considerados importantes testemunhos de eventos ambientais que afetaram e continuam afetando o planeta. Quando inseridos em contexto sedimentar sob a forma de fósseis, as plantas acabam por se transformar em registros confiáveis de variações paleoambientais ocorridas enquanto viviam. Por sua vez, o carvão vegetal macroscópico é amplamente aceito como indicador de ocorrência de (paleo)incêndios vegetacionais durante o seu processo de deposição. O estudo do carvão vegetal tem permitido realizar interpretações paleoambientais, taxonômicas e tafonômicas, portanto muitos trabalhos já foram publicados sobre sua ocorrência em diferentes períodos geológicos em todo o planeta. Entretanto, os processos sobre a formação do carvão vegetal, as condições ambientais no momento de sua deposição, e principalmente as variações observadas nas suas estruturas anatômicas, tem sido alvo menos frequente de estudos. Estas alterações ainda são desconhecidas para muitos táxons modernos de relevância paleobotânica. O presente estudo analisa alterações anatômicas, durante a carbonização artificial de madeira em espécies de Araucariaceae (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris e Wollemia nobilis). Os parâmetros vistos e a longa história geológica mostram o valor que as formas associadas à família Araucariaceae possuem na avaliação do clima e da geologia pretéritos, tornando seu estudo especialmente valioso para geólogos e paleobotânicos. Blocos de madeira foram submetidos ao tratamento térmico, da condição ambiente até 1000ºC, aumentando de 50-50ºC. O carvão foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As mensurações dos caracteres anatômicos da madeira e do carvão foram analisadas estatisticamente em 0,05 de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das características anatômicas analisadas é estatisticamente significativas correlacionadas com as temperaturas de carbonização. Grande parte dos caracteres mostrou uma acentuada redução dimensional com o aumento da temperatura. No entanto, em comparação com a variabilidade das características anatômicas, há pouca modificação ocasionada pela temperatura. Com relação ao carvão vegetal fóssil de Araucariaceae, o presente trabalho pode contribuir para inferências taxonômicas e paleoambientais.
Plants are organisms that are sensitive to climate change and can be considered important testimonies of environmental events that have affected and continue to affect the planet. When inserted in a sedimentary context in the form of fossils, the plants turn into reliable records of paleoenvironmental variations occurring while they lived. In turn, macroscopic charcoal is widely accepted as an indicator of occurrence of (paleo)wildfires during its deposition process. The study of charcoal has allowed to perform paleoenvironmental, taxonomic and taphonomic interpretations, so many works have already been published about their occurrence in different geological periods around the planet. However, the processes on charcoal formation, environmental conditions at the time of deposition, and especially the variations observed in their anatomical structures, have been less frequent targets of studies. These changes are still unknown to many modern taxa of paleobotanical relevance. The present study analyzes anatomical alterations during artificial carbonization of wood in Araucariaceae species (Araucaria angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. columnaris and Wollemia nobilis). The parameters observed and the long geological history show the value that the forms associated to the Araucariaceae family have in the evaluation of the previous climate and geology, making their study especially valuable for geologists and paleobotanists. Wood blocks were submitted to the thermal treatment, from the ambient condition up to 1000ºC, increasing from 50-50ºC. The charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements of the anatomical characters of the wood and the charcoal were statistically analyzed in 0,05 of significance. The results showed that most of the anatomical characteristics analyzed are statistically significant correlated with the carbonization temperatures. Most of the characters showed a marked dimensional reduction with increasing temperature. However, in comparison to the variability of anatomical characteristics, there is little modification caused by temperature. With regard to the fossil charcoal of Araucariaceae, the present work can contribute to taxonomic and paleoenvironmental inferences.
Kranitz, Mai-lan. "Systematics and evolution of New Caledonian Araucaria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12110.
Full textSetiawati, Yetty G. B. "Environmental and biological control of flowering in hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait.ex. D. Don) /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16241.pdf.
Full textBalbuena, Tiago Santana. "Proteômica do desenvolvimento da semente de Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-13072009-115553/.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to characterize the seed development of Araucaria angustifolia through proteomics in order to understand the physiological and biochemical changes during this process. For that, initially, three different protein extraction methods were evaluated. The extraction based on protein solubilization in 7 M urea, 2 M thiourea, 1% dithiothreitol, 2% Triton-100, 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, 5 µM pepstatin, followed by 20% trichloroacetic acid precipitation showed the highest gel resolution and reprodutivity and, thus, was chosen to be used in the analysis of the proteome of A. angustifolia seeds. One aspect that hampers the proteome study of unsequenced species is the low protein representativity in databases. So, protein identification is usually carried out through homology. Strategies based on 2-DE result in high keratin contamination. In the present work a spectra filtering software was developed and evaluated for use in homology driven proteomics. The software reduced the time of search, improved alignment quality and did not result in lost of positive identifications. Finally, using the described strategies, the changes in the proteome of A. angustifolia seeds were studied. Ninety six proteins were identified and classified according to their biological functions and expression profiles during seed development. The identified proteins may be used as protein markers of early and late embryogenesis. Proteins involved in the control of oxidative metabolism were highly expressed during the early stages of seed development; while, carbon metabolism and storage proteins were highly expressed in late stages. Considerations on the improvement and control of somatic embryogenesis through medium manipulation and protein markers screening using data generated are also discussed.
Fonseca, Fabiana Novais. "Metabólitos Secundários de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-26102015-152022/.
Full textPhytochemical investigations carried out on ethanolic extract from woods of Araucaria angustifolia resulted on the isolation and identification of vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, coniferaldehyde; two isoflavones (cabreuvine and irisolidone); four lignans (pinoresinol, eudesmine, lariciresinol and 9\'-O-lariciresinolacetate), and β-sitosterol. Its callus culture was showed to accumulate mixtures of isomers E and Z of octadecyl p-cumarate and of octadecyl ferulate.
Santos, André Luis Wendt dos. "Embriogênese somática em Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78183.
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Durante grande parte do século XX a Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze, (Araucariaceae), foi a espécie madeireira nativa mais importante do sul do Brasil. Em coníferas, a embriogênese somática destaca-se como uma alternativa viável para a conservação e melhoramento genético de espécies florestais. No presente trabalho, estudaram-se alguns pontos de controle do desenvolvimento embrionário em A. angustifolia, visando o estabelecimento de um protocolo para a obtenção de embriões somáticos. Culturas embriogênicas foram induzidas a partir de embriões zigóticos de sementes provenientes de três diferentes genótipos. Análises histoquímicas das culturas embriogênicas evidenciaram pró-embriões somáticos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. Na fase de maturação, foram testados fontes e níveis de fitorreguladores: ABA, BAP e Kin ; agentes osmóticos PEG 3350, PEG 8000, BSA e inositol; maltose. Durante a fase de manutenção, foram realizados estudos sobre alguns parâmetros de crescimento de suspensões celulares de linhagens celulares embriogênicas. Analisou-se o crescimento das linhagens celulares, determinação dos valores de pH e concentração de glucose no meio de cultura e quantificação de proteínas extracelulares. Além disso, foi determinado o perfil protéico das linhagens celulares, e de embriões zigóticos e megagametófitos através de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida.
Andrade, Julia Bolanho da Rosa. "Efeito dos agentes de maturação, ABA, PEG e maltose, na produção de óxido nítrico e de espécies reativas de oxigênio em culturas embriogênicas de Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-11112010-145259/.
Full textAraucaria angustifolia is a native conifer of economic importance in Brazil. Due its massive deforestation, this species is now limited to only 3% of the original area. A. angustifolia is currently on the list of endangered species in the category of critically endangered according to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Somatic embryogenesis is a process that, through the technique of in vitro culture, isolated cells or a small group of somatic cells gives rise to embryos. This is a system with potential application in conservation, reforestation, large-scale propagation and breeding of tree species . A limiting factor in the systems of somatic embryogenesis in trees is the low frequency of embryo maturation and conversion into plantlets. During the maturation, somatic embryos accumulate storage substances, reduce metabolic activity and acquire tolerance to dehydration. The water stress is made by supplementation of culture medium with growth regulators and osmotic agents, which allow the normal development of somatic embryos. This situation mimics that occurs during development of the seed. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules that act in plant responses to various environmental stresses and are involved in developmental processes such as embryogenesis and seed germination, gravitropism, root formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of promoters of maturation, ABA and osmotic agents, PEG and maltose in the generation of NO and ROS in embryogenic cultures of A. angustifolia. It was observed that the promoters of maturation reduces the endogenous synthesis of NO and ROS. We investigated two cell lines with different maturation capacities. For responsive cell line these promoters induce maturation and for blocked cell line, promote programmed cell death.
Souza, Márcia Denize Oliveira. "Caracterização química, atividade antioxidante e antigenotóxica de extrato de brácteas de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Kuntze." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2013. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/663.
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Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is a dioecious species, with male and female flowers found on separate trees. The A. angustifolia female cone consists of fully developed edible seeds and non-developed seeds called bracts. These bracts have high concentration of phenolic compounds, which have the potential to prevent oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and decreasing the incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical characterization and antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of the extract of A. angustifolia bracts. In this work the polyphenols total of A. angustifolia extract was determinate by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and its chemical composition was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extract potential to neutralize reactive species was evaluated by 2,2- diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) method and by the ability to mimic the activities of superoxide antioxidants like dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In human cell line of lung fibroblast (MRC5), we evaluated the protective effect of the extract on cell viability by reduction of 3 - (4,5 dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) -2,5 diphenyl tetrazolina bromide (MTT), in the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (enzymatic and alkaline comet assay) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The total phenolic content of the A. angustifolia extract was 670.93 ± 17.79 mg catechin / 100 g bracts, and catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and apigenin the main polyphenol found. The A. angustifolia extract was able to reduce DPPH● and presented like activity of SOD and CAT enzymes. Furthermore, the A. angustifolia extract at the concentrations studied (25 and 50 mg/mL) reduced cell death , oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, and decreased depletion of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT induced by H2O2 in MRC5 cells . Although, no correlation between polyphenols and bookmarks of oxidative injury have been observed. There was a negative correlation between damage to lipids, proteins and DNA with enzymes SOD and CAT, suggesting that these enzymes play a role in the regulation of cellular redox metabolism. These results showed that the A. angustifolia has potential as a source of phytochemical compounds with relevant bioactivities.
Silva, Adriana Schüler da. "Dinâmica de colonização de Araucaria angustifolia em campos e sua influência na expansão florestal no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26614.
Full textThe natural expansion of woody vegetation over grassland has been observed worldwide, but the expansion dynamics is influenced by the disturbance regimes. Two patterns of forest expansion are well documented: gradual expansion from the forest borders and by the process of nucleation, which consists in the colonization of the grassland matrix by isolated trees. Once established, these colonizing species can facilitate the dispersion process by acting as perches, and/or as nurse plants by facilitating the recruitment of new colonizers. Araucaria angustifolia is an example of colonizer species in open areas contributing to forest expansion. Besides, A. angustifolia presents tree rings that reflect annual cycles of growth and dormancy, allowing us to study dynamics and population age structures using dendrochronological methods. In this dissertation, we evaluate the age structure of A. angustifolia in grasslands excluded from disturbance for 34 years and relate it to the expansion process. As well, we evaluate the role of A. angustifolia as perch (by facilitating seed dispersal) and as a nurse plant (by facilitating the establishment of other species under the crown). Our results point out to an inverse relationship between age structure and distance from the border and indicate that the role of A. angustifolia is more important as a perch than facilitating the establishment of other species.
Toma, Tiago Shizen Pacheco. "Efeito de borda e de distúrbio antrópico sobre a fauna de insetos galhadores em transições floresta-campo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60542.
Full textThe edge effect on forests is widely studied, however little is known about species interactions responses to this effect. The same is true for anthropogenic disturbances, many times present after the fragmentation process. Despite not originated by this process, forest-grassland boundaries of Araucaria forests in southern Brazil are under disturbance by cattle grazing and fire, presenting characteristics similar to forest edges maintained at their point of creation. In Chapter 1, edge and anthropogenic disturbance effects on the galling insect fauna were tested in forest-grassland boundaries, in terms of richness and composition of this organisms, comparing both forest edges and interiors as degrees of disturbance (disturbed and recovering), and additional comparisons were performed between natural forest patches and a continuous forest. Considering hypotheses proposed to distribution patterns of the galling insects, it is expected that forest edges would harbor more species compared to forest interior, and that disturbances would affect the outcome. Although edges in general did not present higher species richness than forest interiors, the pattern was opposite to the expected in disturbed sites, with forest interiors richer than edges. Species composition differed between habitats and disturbance degrees, and portions of continuous forest were richer than forest patches. Furthermore, the galling fauna of forest patches was a subset of the continuous forest. Results strengthen the relation between vegetation distribution patterns and galling insects, which indirectly responded to edge and disturbance effects acting on their host plants. In Chapter 2 it is pioneering presented an inventory of insect galls from Araucaria forest, referring to the galls collected to the study presented in first chapter. Galling insect species and their host plants are listed, with information about gall morphology and occurrence in sites sampled. Fifty seven galling insect species were found (mostly Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in 43 host plants belonging to 18 plant families. Galls were predominantly induced on stem or buds, glabrous, isolated, fusiform and green. Myrtaceae, Asteraceae e Melastomataceae were the most representative plant families. Total raw values of galls per habitat or site were similar between forest edge and interior, but were relatively higher in the recovering area and in continuous forests, the latter embracing a great number of galls occurring on forest patches. The existence of areas without disturbance by cattle grazing and fire management was important to the conservation of galling insect fauna, which can establish and keep their populations. Knowledge of the diversity of these organisms is a key factor to the development of clearer actions seeking its preservation.
Jiménez, Messina Camila. "Biblioteca Regional de La Araucanía : Temuco, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169803.
Full textSEIXLACK, ALESSANDRA GONZALEZ DE CARVALHO. "THE DEVIL ARAUCANIA AND THE UNTAMED DESERT: DEBATES ABOUT THE ARAUCANIA PACIFICATION IN CHILE AND THE CONQUEST OF THE ARGENTINEAN SOUTHERN DESERT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32653@1.
Full textCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Na experiência histórica chilena e argentina, a Araucania, os Pampas e a Patagônia eram comumente descritos pelas autoridades criollas como regiões desérticas ou situadas à margem da civilização, já que, ainda em meados do século XIX, constituíam espaços de exercício de soberania de diferentes grupos indígenas. O objetivo da tese é analisar os discursos políticos elaborados pela intelectualidade criolla nesse contexto, no intuito de legitimar os movimentos expansionistas e os projetos modernizadores que pretendiam incorporar essas regiões à órbita do poder público, civilizando os seus habitantes ou extinguindo-os se necessário. Busca-se também identificar as respostas dos nativos frente à nova modalidade de contato que se impunha, ressaltando o seu papel como sujeitos capazes de se adaptar e resistir às políticas criollas. A partir de uma abordagem comparativa, transcende-se o objetivo de identificar os traços semelhantes e contrastantes entre esses espaços fronteiriços e as formas de relacionamento neles estabelecidas entre as diferentes populações de criollos e indígenas, visando destacar também os pontos de interconexão e condicionamento mútuo entre as experiências de expansão territorial ocorridas no Chile e na Argentina.
In the Argentinean and Chilean historical experiences, the Araucania, the Pampas and the Patagonia were usually described by criollos authorities as desert regions, placed out of civilization, once during the XIXth century, those places constituted spaces of sovereignty exercise from different indigenous groups. The thesis purpose is to analyze the political speeches made by intellectuals criollos in this context, in order to legitimize expansionist movements, and modernizing projects that intended to incorporate those regions to the public power orbit, civilizing their habitants or extinguishing them if necessary. Although, it attempts to identify the natives answers faced to the new imposing contact modality, accentuating their roles as capable subjects to adapt and resist to the criollos politics. With a comparative approach, this thesis transcends the purpose to identity similar and different traces between the frontier spaces, and the ways of interaction established between criollos and indigenous groups, but also is considered highlight the interconnection points between the experiences in the territorial expansion occurred in Chile and Argentina.
Zanon, Magda Lea Bolzan. "Crescimento da Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze diferenciado por dioicia." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3799.
Full textThis study was conducted at São Francisco de Paula National Forest, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze implanted stands, aiming to study the growth periodicity from male and female trees having 40 and 60 years and to correlate this growth with meteorological, morphometric and environmental variables. The growth behavior was obtained through a biweekly inspection based on the diametric tapes positioned at diameter at breast height in 96 trees, evaluated from August 2003 to August 2006. The results allowed to conclude that the beginning of the annual growth happens in September, having its peak in January, starting to decrease since March, being influenced by the competition conditions, vitality and canopy area, not having statistical difference of trees growth between male and female trees, even so it is verified a tendency that female trees develop more than male trees. The meteorological variables, like temperature and precipitation, are directly correlated with the increment. The temperature and precipitation increase influences positively in increment. The precipitation occurrence followed by low temperatures reduces the growth. There was no inclination level difference for increment curves in male and female trees for basal area, allowing to use a unique model to describe the trees growth.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em povoamentos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze implantados na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, Município de São Francisco de Paula, RS, com o objetivo de estudar a periodicidade de crescimento de árvores masculinas e femininas, dominantes e dominadas, com idades de 40 e 60 anos, e correlacionar esse crescimento com as variações meteorológicas, morfométricas e ambientais. O comportamento do crescimento foi obtido partindo do acompanhamento quinzenal de periodicidade por meio da instalação de fitas dendrométricas no diâmetro a altura do peito de 96 árvores, avaliadas durante o período de agosto de 2003 a agosto de 2006. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir que o início do crescimento anual das árvores ocorre em setembro, tendo seu pico de crescimento no mês de janeiro, começando a decrescer a partir de março, sendo influenciado pelas condições de competição, vitalidade e área de copa das árvores, não havendo diferença estatística de crescimento entre árvores femininas e masculinas, embora se verifique uma tendência das árvores femininas se desenvolverem mais do que as masculinas. As variáveis meteorológicas, como temperatura e precipitação, estão diretamente correlacionada com o incremento. O aumento da temperatura e da precipitação influi positivamente no incremento. A ocorrência de precipitação acompanhada de temperaturas baixas reduz o crescimento. Não houve diferença de inclinação e nível para as curvas de incremento em área basal de árvores do sexo masculino e feminino, permitindo ser utilizado um modelo único para descrever o crescimento das árvores.
Chodur, Nelson Luiz 1954. "Caracterização de solos na Região de Araucaria-Contenda-PR." [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27486.
Full textBaretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche. "Diversidade microbiana em solos sob florestas de Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-06032008-163038/.
Full textThe Ombrophilic Mixed Forest, also called Araucaria Forest, represents one of the richest remainders of subtropical pluvial forests in Brazil. Its main representative species is the endangered Araucaria angustifolia. The microbial diversity plays an important role in functioning of forest ecosystems. However, the microbial diversity in soils with araucaria forests is mostly unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity, structure of microbial communities in their possible functions in a natural preserved araucaria forest (FN), a planted araucaria forest (RF) and a planted araucaria forest impacted by accidental fire (RQ). The study was carried out at the State Park of Campos of Jordão (SP). For each area, ten araucaria trees were randomly selected and a sample composed of three sub-samples was collected at approximately one meter from the trunk of each tree. Chemical and microbiological attributes, as well as structures of bacterial and archaeal communities were evaluated using PCR-DGGE and the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from Bacteria, community level physiological profiles using Biolog, the phospholipid fatty acids profiles (PLFAs). The studied areas were characterized by acidic soils, with high content of organic matter (OM) and low availability of basic metallic cations. The area FN presented the highest contents of carbon in the microbial biomass (CBM), higher basal respiration activity (C-CO2) and higher microbial biomass carbon: total organic carbon ratio (CBM:TOC), compared to RF and RQ. The highest values of metabolic quotient (qCO2) were observed in RQ, when compared to FN and RF. Using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), qCO2, Mg concentration and pH were identified as the main attributes responsible for the discrimination of the areas, followed by the P concentration. The PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the bacterial community structures in FN and RQ share higher levels of similarity, as compared to RF. Non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS) and ANOSIM based on the profiles of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed that the all three areas had different bacterial communities, whereas archaeal communities were similar, based on 16S rRNA genes amplicon profiles. The phylogenetic affiliation of 16S rRNA gene clone sequences showed that soil from FN presents higher taxa diversity, as compared to RF and RQ. The phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most frequent in the three areas studied. Higher Shannon index was observed in RQ soil than FN and RF soils. Biolog analysis showed that FN has the highest substrate utilization rates, when compared to RF and RQ, which did not show significant differences. In general, PLFAs profiles did not show differences for the areas studied. Estimated bacterial biomass was higher than fugal biomass, with predominance of Gram-positive bacteria. Integration of chemical and microbial attributes through multivariate analyses is essential for identifying the factors determining microbial community structure in forest soils.
Vasconcellos, Rafael Leandro de Figueiredo. "Actinobactérias da rizosfera de Araucaria angustifolia com potencial biotecnológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-18112008-150538/.
Full textThe tree Araucaria angustifolia, belonging to the endangered Atlantic Forest biome, for many decades was the source of Brazilian wood. This species is also very important in providing food and feed, as well as raw material for joinery, cellulose pulp and varnish. Due to the economic and environmental importance of A. angustifolia, research projects involving the preservation and management of this species are becoming more urgent and necessary. The aim of this work was to isolate Araucaria rhizosphere actinobacteria with antagonic effects against the plant pathogens Fusarium sp. and Armillaria sp. These fungi cause root rot and seed damage, with the consequent loss of seedlings. Moreover, the effect of these actinobacteria on Gigaspora rosea spore germination was studied. After the selection of the best pathogen inhibitors, we also tested the effect of these microorganisms on Pinus taeda growth, in the presence or absence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus brevipes. The production of protease, chitinase, lipase, phosphatase, cellulase and amylase of these bacteria in culture media was also investigated. For the isolation of rhizosphere bacteria, we collected roots of 15 adult trees in a native forest. Ten grams of fresh roots with soil residues adhered to the surface were shaken in 0,85 % salt solution for 30 minutes. Two techniques were used, the dilution plate method and the coverage of the medium, utilizing a 0,45 µm membrane to separate these filamentous bacteria. About 33 actinobacteria were isolated. After isolation the actinobacteria were tested against the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium spp., utilizing dual culture techniques and ISP2 medium. The inhibition halo was measured after 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. Six of our isolates maintained an inhibition zone measuring at least 4 mm against Fusarium sp. isolated from corn seed and 2 mm against the Fusarium, which causes root root of Pine trees. For the inhibition test of Armillaria, in liquid medium with the addition of culture extracts of actinobacteria, the growth in mg/day was measured after thirty days growth, and the number of rizomorphs produced in culture dishes after twenty days in dual culture with the actinobacteria was counted. Six bacteria proved to be antagonistic (A43, A43b, A64, PNA, A93 e A75), and only one had no effect. Possibly the elevation of the pH value played also a role in this situation. About 24 of 28 isolates inhibited the rizomorph production, especially the isolate A43 that showed a double antagonism against Fusarium and Armillaria. The dual layer test was used to investigate the reaction of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea spore germination to the presence of actinobacteria. All the six actinobacteria stimulated the germination, but the germ tube did not grow straight forward as in the control. This result may indicate a negative effect against this arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. None of the six isolates tested (A43, A43b, PNA, A64, A75 and A93) produced phosphatases and lipases, but A93, A75, A64 and PNA produced protease, amylase and chitinase. Isolates A43 and A43b did not produce any of the enzymes tested. This fact suggests that there is production of an antibiotic acting against the pathogenic fungi. Pinus taeda seedlings were grown under green-house conditions. After three months the stem diameter, shoot height, root and shoot dry weight and shoot phosphorus content were evaluated. Plants with ectomycorrhiza presented a significant growth promotion in comparison with the nonmycorrhizal ones. Among the actinobacteria in the absence of mycorrhiza only the isolate A43 produced a 100% growth enhancement in comparison with the control plant without ectomycorrhiza. The results presented in this dissertation could lead to the development of new technologies and new management techniques, with regard to the control of plant diseases, especially in tree species.
Oliveira, Joanna Rebelo de 1989, Karin Esemann de 1957 Quadros, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. "Análise dendrocronológica de Araucaria angustifolia em Santa Catarina, Brasil /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2015. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2015/360478_1_1.pdf.
Full textDissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.
Pires, Victória Campos Monteiro [UNESP]. "Caracterização biométrica de pinhas e sementes de Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144377.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A Araucaria angustifolia é a única conífera do gênero Araucaria com ocorrência natural no Brasil. Pertencente ao bioma Mata Atlântica, ocorre na floresta Ombrófila Mista com características ecológicas, econômicas e culturais importantes para a região de ocorrência. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a variação biométrica de pinhas e sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de diferentes matrizes de uma população de Araucaria angustifolia no município de Palma Sola- SC. Foram determinadas a largura, comprimento e massa fresca das pinhas, além de contabilizados o número de sementes intactas, número de sementes vazias e número de escamas estéreis presentes em cada estróbilo avaliado. As sementes intactas tiveram mensuração da largura, espessura, comprimento e massa fresca. Avaliou-se o teor de água das sementes e a massa de cem sementes. Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de emergência de plântulas em casa de sombra com semeadura em bandejas plásticas, com quatro repetições de 20 sementes por matriz, com avaliações da porcentagem de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas. As plântulas passaram por avaliações de crescimento e massa seca. Houve predomínio de pinhas com largura entre 150 e 156 mm (25%), comprimento variando entre 146 e 150 mm (32,29%) e massa fresca entre 1757 e 2042 gramas (23,96%). A análise de agrupamento das características biométricas das pinhas mostrou a formação de nove grupos, com maior similaridade entre as matrizes 19, 6 e 3, seguidas pelas matrizes 4 e 18. As matrizes 4 e 41 apresentaram o maior número de pinhões viáveis, a matriz 41 também foi a que apresentou o menor número de sementes vazias, enquanto a matriz 35 apresentou a maior variação dos2 dados para o número de escamas estéreis. As sementes tiveram maiores frequências entre os valores de 18 a 20 mm (37,59%) para largura, 15 a 17 mm (35,72%) para espessura, 53 a 57 mm (27,50%) para comprimento e 5 a 6 gramas (22,85%) para massa fresca. O dendrograma do índice de similaridade para as características biométricas das sementes também indicou a formação de nove grupos, com maior similaridade entre as matrizes 18 e 19, seguidas pelas matrizes 1 e 5, com a formação de um grupo isolado com baixa similaridade com as demais matrizes, formado pela matriz 4. A biometria das plântulas mostrou diferença significativa entre as matrizes. Para o diâmetro do coleto (DC), as matrizes 3 e 35 diferiram, sendo a 35 com o maior valor médio e a matriz 3 com o menor valor médio para a variável. Já o comprimento da parte aérea formou dois grupos que diferiram entre si em virtude de maiores valores médio (matrizes 1, 5, 18, 19 e 35) e menores valores médio (matrizes 3, 4, 6, 27 e 41). Enquanto que para o comprimento radicular as matrizes 4, 5, 6 e 35 diferiram da matriz 41, a qual apresentou o menor comprimento radicular. Também foi possível observar diferença significativa entre a biomassa seca das plântulas. A matriz 35 apresentou maior biomassa radicular, diferindo das matrizes 1, 3, 4, 18 e 19. A maior produção de massa seca da parte aérea foi obtida pela matriz 5 que diferiu significativamente das matrizes 1, 3, 4, 6 18, 27 e 41. Foi observado diferenças para massa seca das sementes remanescentes entre as matrizes 1 e 27 com as matrizes 3 e 4. Concluiu-se que houve variação para as características biométricas entre as pinhas e sementes de Araucaria angustifolia, com diferença entre as matrizes no desenvolvimento das plântulas, onde as matrizes 1, 5 e 18 se destacaram positivamente para as características avaliadas entre as demais.
The Araucaria angustifolia is the only conifer of the genus with natural occurrence in Brazil, endangered and essential component of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, with ecological, economic and cultural importance. The objective of the present study was to verify the biometric variation of pine cones and seeds and seedling development of different matrices of a population of Araucaria angustifolia in the county Palma Sola, in the State of Santa Catarina-Brazil. Thus, it was assessed the width, length and fresh weight of the cones. In addition we measured the number of viable, empty and failure seeds at each strobilus collected. Following, the viable seeds were measured its width, thickness, length and fresh weight. We also evaluated the seedling emergency, percentage of emergence and speed of seedlings emergence index by sowing the seeds in plastic trays with four replicates of 20 seeds for each matrices. We also evaluated growth parameters and dry mass of the seedlings. There was a predominance of pine cones with width between 150 and 156 mm (25%), length between 146 and 150 mm (32.29%) and fresh weight between 1757 and 2042 grams (23.96%). Cluster Analysis of the biometric characteristics of the cones showed a formation of nine groups, with greater similarity between matrices 19, 6 and 3, followed by matrices 4 and 18. The matrices 4 and 41 had the greatest number of viable pine and the matrice 41 showed the lowest number of empty seeds, while matrice 35 presented a greater range of data for the number of sterile leaves. The seeds obtained major frequencies between the values 18-20 mm (37.59%) for width, 15-17 mm (35.72%) for thickness, 53-57 mm (27.50%) for length and 5 to 6 grams (22.85%) for fresh weight. The dendrogram of similarity index for biometric characteristics of the seeds also showed a formation of nine groups, with greater similarity between like matrices 18 and 19, followed by the matrices 1 and 5, however the matrices 4 formed one isolated group with low similarity compared to other matrices. For the whole characteristics evaluated there was a significant difference between the matrices. Biometrics of the seedling also showed a significant difference between the matrices. The stem diameter of the matrices 3 and 35 differed, with 35 being the matrice with highest average value and the matrice 3 with the lowest average value. The length of aerial part formed two groups that differed from each other due to higher mean values (matrices 1, 5, 18, 19 and 35) and lower average values (matrices 3, 4, 6, 27 and 41). While for root length of the matrices 4, 5, 6 e 35 differed from matrice 41, which had the lowest root length. It was observed significant difference between the dry mass of seedlings. The matrice 35 showed higher root biomass, differing from matrices 1, 3, 4, 18 and 19. The matrice 5 showed the higher dry matter production of the aerial part which differed significantly from the matrices 1, 3, 4, 6 18, 27 and 41. The dry weight of the remaining seeds showed differences between the matrices 1 and 27 with the matrices 3 and 4. It was concluded that there was differences in the biometric parameters of the pine cones and seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, with the difference between the matrices in the development of the seedlings, where the matrices 1, 5 e18 positively highlighted for the characteristics evaluated than the others.
CNPq: 133777/2014-6
Garbin, Mário Luis. "Caracterização das relações entre Araucaria angustifolia e nitrogênio inorgânico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6534.
Full textSousa, Valderês Aparecida de. "Population genetic studies in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012909852&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textFarias, Francine Lunardi. "Embriogênese zigótica e somática em Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106960.
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A Araucaria angustifolia é uma conífera da família Araucariaceae, com ocorrência na floresta ombrófila mista, tipologia do bioma Mata Atlântica do Brasil que atualmente, encontra-se ameaçada de extinção, Esta condição reforça a necessidade de aplicação de medidas para a conservação desta espécie. Para que isto ocorra de forma eficaz é necessário o emprego conjunto de manejos convencionais para conservação dos remanescentes florestais e ferramentas biotecnológicas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho propõe avanços na área de fisiologia, bioquímica e morfogenética que podem ser aplicados em técnicas de conservação de sementes e a propagação in vitro via embriogênese somática desta espécie. Anaálises de western blot em sementes de araucária detectaram a presença de dehidrinas nos extratos termoestáveis e termosensíves de eixos e cotiolédones de embriões zigóticos dessa espécie, e um possível mecanismos de defosforilação dessas proteínas. Além disso, imunolocalizações in situ por microscopia de luz (ML) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) mostraram que estas proteínas estão presentes em todos os tecidos dos eixo embrionário e cotilédones, e a nível subcelular elas foram associadas aos corpos proteicos, microcorpos e a cromatina no núcleo. Os padrões desenvolvimento de embriões somáticos desta espécie foram acompanhados por ML, microscopia confocal (MC), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e MET. Os resultados mostraram que culturas embrionárias de A. angustifólia proliferam através de massas pró-embrionároas (MPE) em três estágios de desenvolvimento, I, II e III, e que somente o estágio III é capaz de dar origem aos embriões somáticos (ES) iniciais. ES iniciais foram caracterizados pela presença de massa embrionária (ME) composta pelas células embriogênicas (CE), a qual é ligada a região do suspensor. O suspensor foi composto inicialmente pelas células do embrionárias do tubo (CT), seguidas pelas células de suspensor (SC), sendo que estes dois tipos celulares se diferem pelo diferente grau de vacualização e desorganizaçãoo celular. Além disso, por análise de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi possível verificar que o desenvolvimento inicia dos embriões somáticos de A. angustifolia foram relacionados com uma redução do ABA endógeno e da poliamina putrescina na etapa de proliferação das MPE, seguido de aumento de ABA endógeno e das poliaminas spermidina e espermina, durante a embriogênese inicial.
Abstract : Araucaria angustifolia is an endangered conifer of the South of Brazil. This condition reinforces the need to implement measures for the conservation of this species. For this to happen effectively requires the combined use of conventional managements for conservation of forest remnants and biotechnological tools. Therefore, this work proposes advances in physiology, biochemistry and morphogenetic that can be applied in seed conservation techniques and in vitro propagation via somatic embryogenesis of this species. Western blot analysis of Brazilian pine seeds detected the presence of dehydrins in the total proteins and heat-stable extracts from axis and cotyledons from zygotic embryos, and a possible mechanisms for dephosphorylation of these proteins. Furthermore, immunolocalization in situ of dehydrins by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of these proteins in all tissues of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. At the subcellular level they were associated with protein bodies, microbodies and chromatin in the nucleus. The standards development of somatic embryos of this species were followed by LM, confocal microscopy (CM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM. The results showed that embryogenci cultures of A. angustifolia proliferate by proembryogenic masses (PEM) in three developmental stages I, II and III and, only the PEM III are able to give rise to early somatic embryos (ES). Early ES were characterized by the presence of embryonal mass (EM) composed of embryogenic cells (EC), which is connected to the region of the suspensor. The suspensor was composed by embryonal tube cells (CT) followed by suspensor-like cells (SC), and these two cell types differ by degree of vacuolation and dismantling cell. Furthermore, by analysis of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was verified that the development of early somatic embryos of A. angustifolia were associated with a decrease in endogenous contentes of ABA and polyamine putrescine in the proliferation step of MPE, followed by an increase of endogenous contentes of ABA and polyamines spermine and spermidina during the early embryogenesis.
Shibata, Marília. "Maturidade de semestres de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni) Otto Kuntze." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107175.
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Para estabelecer as condições adequadas para a conservação de Araucaria angustifolia, uma espécie criticamente em perigo de extinção, há a necessidade de estudos sobre o comportamento das sementes durante a maturidade, para evitar coletas imaturas e/ou inviáveis e obter sementes com máxima viabilidade e vigor. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as alterações fisiológicas associadas ao período de maturidade das sementes e relaciona-las às alterações bioquímicas e a conservação pós-colheita. Pinhas de A. angustifolia foram coletadas no município de Curitibanos ? SC, em março, abril, maio, junho e julho de 2011 e 2012, classificando em estádio cotiledonar e I, II, III e IV conforme o mês de coleta. Avaliou-se a viabilidade, o vigor, os principais compostos de reservas e a conservação da qualidade fisiológica na pós-colheita. No ano de 2011, verificou-se que o grau de umidade decresceu do estádio I (56,26 %) até o estádio II (48,23 %), mantendo-se estáveis nos demais estádios. Maiores porcentagens de germinação (98%), índice de velocidade de germinação (0,88), primeira contagem (70%), condutividade elétrica (81,35 µS/cm/g) e comprimento da parte aérea (21,8 cm) e raiz (28,2) foram observados no estádio IV. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos na coleta de 2012, com decréscimos no grau de umidade até o estádio II (49,13%) e valores superiores na germinação (95%), índice de velocidade de germinação (0,66), primeira contagem (79%), condutividade elétrica (81,2 µS/cm/g) e comprimento da parte aérea (21,39 cm) e raiz (28,30) no estádio IV. Também se observou acréscimos no teor de carboidratos (2,1 %, no embrião, e 1,7 %, no megagametófito) e amido (10 %, embrião, e 16,7%, no megagametófito) do estádio cotiledonar para o estádio IV. E decréscimos no teor proteico (11,78 mg.g-1 e 5,51 mg.g-1, no embrião e no megagametófito, respectivamente) e baixos teores de lipídios (2,1%, no megagametófito). O contínuo acúmulo de amido parece estar relacionado ao aumento na qualidade fisiológica no estádio IV. Observaram-se baixos teores de carboidratos e lipídios em todos os estádios que podem estar relacionados ao comportamento recalcitrante da espécie. Em relação ao teor proteíco, observaram-se decréscimos de 28,1 mg.g-1 para 16,3 mg.g-1 no embrião do estádio cotiledonar até o estádio IV. No estádio cotiledonar e I, após o armazenamento por 60 e 120 dias, observou-se ± 89% de germinação. Por outro lado, nos estádios II e III observaram-se decréscimos em 28% e 20% na germinação, após o armazenamento por 120 dias. Concluiu-se que o máximo acúmulo de massa seca ocorre no estádio II, não coincidindo com a máxima qualidade fisiológica. As sementes apresentaram acúmulo de carboidratos e amido durante a maturidade, contribuindo para o aumento da viabilidade e do vigor. Os teores de proteínas e lipídios decresceram do estádio cotiledonar até o IV podendo ter desfavorecido a integridade das membranas celulares com o avanço da maturidade. A conservação da qualidade fisiológica na pós colheita foi mantida durante o armazenamento por 60 e 120 dias quando coletadas nos estádios cotiledonar e I.
Pires, Victória Campos Monteiro 1985. "Caracterização biométrica de pinhas e sementes de Araucaria angustifolia /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144377.
Full textCoorientador: Cristiano Bueno de Moraes
Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Banca: Camila de Aquino Tomaz
Resumo: A Araucaria angustifolia é a única conífera do gênero Araucaria com ocorrência natural no Brasil. Pertencente ao bioma Mata Atlântica, ocorre na floresta Ombrófila Mista com características ecológicas, econômicas e culturais importantes para a região de ocorrência. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a variação biométrica de pinhas e sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de diferentes matrizes de uma população de Araucaria angustifolia no município de Palma Sola- SC. Foram determinadas a largura, comprimento e massa fresca das pinhas, além de contabilizados o número de sementes intactas, número de sementes vazias e número de escamas estéreis presentes em cada estróbilo avaliado. As sementes intactas tiveram mensuração da largura, espessura, comprimento e massa fresca. Avaliou-se o teor de água das sementes e a massa de cem sementes. Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de emergência de plântulas em casa de sombra com semeadura em bandejas plásticas, com quatro repetições de 20 sementes por matriz, com avaliações da porcentagem de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas. As plântulas passaram por avaliações de crescimento e massa seca. Houve predomínio de pinhas com largura entre 150 e 156 mm (25%), comprimento variando entre 146 e 150 mm (32,29%) e massa fresca entre 1757 e 2042 gramas (23,96%). A análise de agrupamento das características biométricas das pinhas mostrou a formação de nove grupos, com maior similaridade entre ...
Abstract: The Araucaria angustifolia is the only conifer of the genus with natural occurrence in Brazil, endangered and essential component of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, with ecological, economic and cultural importance. The objective of the present study was to verify the biometric variation of pine cones and seeds and seedling development of different matrices of a population of Araucaria angustifolia in the county Palma Sola, in the State of Santa Catarina-Brazil. Thus, it was assessed the width, length and fresh weight of the cones. In addition we measured the number of viable, empty and failure seeds at each strobilus collected. Following, the viable seeds were measured its width, thickness, length and fresh weight. We also evaluated the seedling emergency, percentage of emergence and speed of seedlings emergence index by sowing the seeds in plastic trays with four replicates of 20 seeds for each matrices. We also evaluated growth parameters and dry mass of the seedlings. There was a predominance of pine cones with width between 150 and 156 mm (25%), length between 146 and 150 mm (32.29%) and fresh weight between 1757 and 2042 grams (23.96%). Cluster Analysis of the biometric characteristics of the cones showed a formation of nine groups, with greater similarity between matrices 19, 6 and 3, followed by matrices 4 and 18. The matrices 4 and 41 had the greatest number of viable pine and the matrice 41 showed the lowest number of empty seeds, while matrice 35 presented a greater range of data for the number of sterile leaves. The seeds obtained major frequencies between the values 18-20 mm (37.59%) for width, 15-17 mm (35.72%) for thickness, 53-57 mm (27.50%) for length and 5 to 6 grams (22.85%) for fresh weight. The dendrogram of similarity index for biometric characteristics of the seeds also showed a formation of nine groups, with greater similarity between like matrices 18 and 19, followed by the ...
Mestre
Silva, Eça Pereira da. "Araucaria de Chile (1978-1990): a intelectualidade chilena no exílio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-30112009-150205/.
Full textIn this research, I analise the cultural and political ideas published in Araucária de Chile Magazine, printed in the period between 1978 and 1990 by a group of intellectual Chileans in exile, or else by people next to the Chilean Communist Party. Araucaria de Chile was a cultural magazine, which purpose was being a way to circulate cultural ideas among Chileans in exile.The containment of the emergence of this publication, the Chilean coup d\'état, the persecution and the exile of thousands of Chileans made Araucaria a magazine involved in defense of democracy in Chile and the other latin-american countries, which were under similar dictatorships during the twelve years it was printed.
Jo, Leonardo. "Estabelecimento de marcadores bioquímicos para embriogênese somática em Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-26112012-084700/.
Full textThe Araucaria angustifolia is the only native conifer species with economical importance in Brazil. Recently, the species was included in the official list of endangered plant species. Somatic embryogenesis, i.e., in vitro asexual production of embryos is considered one of the most promising biotechnological tools in the area of plant biotechnology. Since the development of somatic embryos is dependent of the genotype, the identification of markers that could be used in the selection of genotypes which can develop somatic embryos is highly desirable. The main objective of the present work is to study and identify biochemical and molecular markers associated with competence for somatic embryogenesis in A. angustifolia. The evaluation of biochemical and molecular aspects (Polyamines, AaSERK1 and AaPP2C gene expression and proteome) indicated differences between embryogenic cultures of genotypes with different embryogenic potential. This work proposes the utilization of these parameters as possible markers of embryogenic potential in the system A. angustifolia.
Batista, Raquel de Almeida. "Produção e avaliação sensorial de cerveja com Pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97132/tde-24032015-160430/.
Full textBeer is all beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation of brewery wort provided of barley malt and water, with addiction of hop, may also the barley malt used in the elaboration of beer and of hop were substituted by your respective extracts. Part of the barley malt can be substituted by malted cereals or not, and for carbohydrates of vegetal origin transformed or not. This possibilities that the last two decades a phenomenon in the brewery universe, the growth of the beer markets that uses adjuncts besides them the most common as corn and wheat, and the nonconventional, as banana, cinnamon, black rice. Aiming to an addiction of different sensorial characteristics acquired by tasters more exigent, and to the reduction of costs by de diminution of use of barley malt, the \"pinhão\" surges as alternative of adjunct for the beer production. This adjunct besides have an appropriate content of starch, have a barley with phenolic compounds that can contribute for a differentially color to the product. The main objective of this search was produce a beer using different proportions of barley malt and of \"pinhão\" in order to obtain a differentiate alcoholic beverage that attends the expectation of consumer. Initially, preliminary tests were performed to determine the proportion of malt with respect to the pinion would be sufficient to sacarifice all sugars during mashing steps. After this, it was formulated 6 different proportions of \"pinhão\" and malt (10:90, 45:55 e 80:20 with and without bark),in bench scale in Erlenmeyer flasks with capacity 2L, 1,2L of wort containing 10.9 ° P and those two are more acceptable in acceptance test (sensory) (10% \"pinhão\" with bark and 45% \"pinhão\" without bark) were reproduced in pilot scale (in reactor with a capacity of 120L, containing 50L of wort). The results showed that those with higher levels of \"pinhão\" with and without bark had the lowest alcohol content results, probably because of the higher concentration of phenolic compounds that are present in the \"pinhão\" bark that are less assimilable by yeast, having the beer with 10% \"pinhão\" (in stand scale) that obtained the best results in ethanol conversion. The best attenuation degree was when utilized the proportion 10% of \"pinhão\" with barley (0.60). The increase of scale of stand scale for pilot scale results in diminution of value of extracts and alcoholic content, due to an necessity of more utilization of washing water (diminution of content of extracts), having the beer with 10% of \"pinhão\" with barley obtained superiors results compared with 45% without bark, that was shown in stand scale. For the sensorial analysis, in relation to stand scale, the samples that presented statistical differences in level of 5% of probability by the t of Student and was chosen to make in pilot scale was 10% of pinhão with bark and 45% \"pinhão\" without bark.For the pilot scale, the commercial beer was more accepted in relation to the sample containing pinhão (for both cases, with 10% with bark and 45% without bark), for all evaluated attributes (color, aroma, flavor, global impression and intention of buy).However, comparing the stand with pilot scale, it has noticed an increase of the value of global evaluation during sensorial analysis. However, the beer produced in pilot scale was so or more accepted than the same proportions produced in bench scale, in relation to the parameter global impression.
Leite, Danielle Melo da Costa. "Avaliação nutricional da semente do Pinheiro-do-Paraná(Araucaria angustifolia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27838.
Full textThe seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, namely “pinhão”, are consumed in South and Southeast of Brazil, like flour in regional dishes or baked. There is relatively few information about the chemical composition and nutritional value of the seed and its flour. In this work, “pinhão” flour obtained by different heat treatments was evaluated as an additive in biological experiment for growing rats. Wistar rats were fed five experimental diets (n=6) containing different protein sources: only casein (CAS), diet with 80% casein supplemented with 20% (w/w) “pinhão” flour (PF) protein without heat treatment (NATPIN), considering 33.1 ± 1.4 g of protein/kg of this flour, diet with 80% casein and 20% PF dried at 50°C for 16 hours (PF 50), considering 49.2 ± 0.6 g of protein/kg of this flour and diet with 80% casein and diet with 20% PF dried at 80°C for 16 hours (PF80), considering 50.5 ± 0.8 g of protein/kg of this flour and one aproteic diet (APROT). Values for weight gain, feed ingest, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Net Protein Ratio (NPR) were similar for diets CAS and PF80, and acoording to this, the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino acid Score (PDCAAS) of PF80 was the highest of all the “pinhão” flours tested. The Chemical Score (CS) of “pinhão” flour showed similarity to the results found for other cereals, being lysine the limiting amino acid, folowed by histidine. Lowest values for all nutritional parameters were observed for diets complemented with “pinhão” flour. “Pinhão” flour heated at 80°C for 16 hours and used as supplementary in diet had the most similar results in all nutritional parameters to casein-based diets, and can be used as complementary source, substituting until 20% of a high biological value protein in food formulations.
Ferrari, Andressa Maria Woytowicz. "A utilização de madeira nativa para exploração comercial sustentável no setor de construção civil: a possibilidade da Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/194.
Full textThis research presents an approach on the use of wood as a renewable material in the construction sector, which is derived from sustainable plantations that encourage the use of the native species Araucaria angustifolia. Discusses concepts of minimization of construction materials impacts and of sustainable architecture. Brings references on certification and legalization of wood. Displays forestry and sustainable forest management as alternatives to supply raw materials to the construction sector, providing income to farmers and rescuing the cultivation of a species of environmental and cultural importance very relevant to the south of Brazil. Problematizes legal issues which discourage commercial exploitation of the species, as well as issues related to recovery of legal reserve areas that encourage the use of the species and enable their sustainable management. With the help of technological tools it was possible to confirm the hypothesis of obtaining Araucaria wood in conducted plantings, testing their financial viability and their ability in sequester and store carbon. The softwares used for this purpose promoted the comparison of plantations with the same management plan for the species of pine and Araucaria. These comparison was done because the pine is one of the major exotic cultures found in forest plantations in southern Brazil. The study found, through the use of such softwares, that the Araucaria is a species capable of economic exploitation through their timber products. The results show that the volume of production of Araucaria does not outweigh the pine, but the financial analysis shows that the Araucaria becomes higher than the pine in revenue generation by adding wood products to the estimates of income earned through the sale of its seeds. The results also confirm that the Araucaria has a higher capacity than the pine trees in carbon stock per m3 of timber.
Coutinho, André Luis da Cunha. "Estudo comparativo do crescimento inicial de plantas obtidas de pinhões de duas procedências e três variedades de pinheiro brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10909.
Full textAraucaria angustifolia is a long-lived, very tall tree, which dominates the physiognomy of the Mixed Ombrophyllous Forests of southern Brazil. In the fall and winter, the pine seeds (pinhões) are the main food resources for local mammals and birds. Regarding genetic aspects, recent studies have shown that the species has a greater intrathan inter-population variability; however, the former is being reduced due to the unstoppable processes of landscape fragmentation and destruction. Unfortunately, the legal measurements for the protection of the species are not ensuring its conservation, and in the past 15 years we have seen it being included in the list of threatened species, first as a vulnerable, and more recently as a critically endangered species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the pattern of initial growth of plants grown from seeds collected from different regions of natural occurrence of the species’ typical variety (São Francisco de Paula and Passo Fundo, RS), and from three co-occurring varieties – angustifolia (typical), caiova e indehiscens. A pot, green-house experiment was conducted between August 2005 and April 2006 in Porto Alegre, RS. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, with 24 plants per block, representing six mother-trees of each of the four groups of plants, totaling 240 experimental units. The results indicated a significant greater growth of the angustifolia variety from São Francisco de Paula when compared to the other two, caiova e indehiscens, and to the other provenance – angustifolia from Passo Fundo. We suggest that the superior growth of that group may help explain itsvisible greater proportion in the forest fragments, since a faster growth can potentially increase the recruitment and survival of its seedlings.
Moreno, Crossley Juan Cristóbal. "Vulnerabilidad sociodemográfica, desarrollo humano y ruralidad. Investigación empírica y exploratoria focalizada en comunidades rurales de la Provincia de Malleco, IX Región de la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106483.
Full textL'Huillier, Nicole. "Sala Antu Quillém: — Galvarino IX región de la Araucanía." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100272.
Full textTorres, Cuevas Héctor. "La educacion intercultural bilingüe en Chile : experiencias cotidianas en las escuelas de la region mapuche de La Araucania." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28092.
Full textThe paradigm of the so-called «intercultural bilingual education» (IBE) is an educational approach that has been spread to several Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru. Historically associated with the indigenist approaches of linguistic assimilation, in which it was considered as a first step towards unilingual teaching in the national language, the IBE is now being presented, at least in the official speeches, as a tool for the acknowledgment and promotion of the native languages and cultures. This thesis offers documentary evidence and analysis of the specific dynamics of an IBE program, as applied in the mapuche communities of the Araucanía region of Chile. In this research, we describe the daily experience created by the participation in a program of this kind. This implies that we have been interested in the actors who are in charge of dispensing this program. We also consider the experience of actors who are more or less directly the receivers of these programs. Due to the ethical complexities of working with minors, students have not been included as part of the present research. In short, the point is to have an understanding of how the IBE is locally delivered and, especially, to see how this practice intervenes in the relationship between Mapuche people and the Chilean State, which now considers itself as multicultural. The thesis has been organized in three parts; in the first part, we cover the theoretical, contextual and methodological groundwork of the research, which we have located within the anthropology of education, especially as it pertains to IBE in Indigenous contexts. In the second part, we describe and discuss the daily experience of the IBE in schools of the Araucanía region, using ethnographic documentary evidence from two schools with predominantly Mapuche students. In the third and final part, which we call «the IBE Regional Coordination experience: the actions of the multicultural State», we analyze the processes of implementing IBE by looking at the articulations between the Chilean Ministry of Education and lower administrative levels. Keywords: intercultural bilingual education, multiculturalism, everyday experience, school, La Araucanía
Pieruzzi, Fernanda Piccolo. "Criopreservação de Araucaria angustifolia (BERT.) O. Kuntze: aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-14052014-144925/.
Full textThe aim of this work was the study of cryopreservation A. angustifolia plant systems. A protocol for cryopreservation of A. angustifolia cell cultures was developed based on optimum DMSO concentration. It was observed that cells exposed to cryoprotectants showed lower levels of PAs, ABA and ROS compared to cells that were not exposed to them. Two low molecular weight bands could be observed more intensely stained only in the cells that were exposed to the cryoprotectant. The zygotic embryos were used as a model to study different aspects of the biophysical process of cryopreservation such as the permeability of cryoprotectants, osmotic and response characteristics of water freezing in tissue. The results of this work led to a better understanding of different physiological, biochemical and biophysical factors during cryopreservation in recalcitrant species and open perspective to the establishment of the ex situ conservation of A. angustifolia.
Renner, Gladys Daniela Rogge. "Origem e desenvolvimento de embriões zigóticos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128604.
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Araucaria angustifolia é conhecida como pinheiro brasileiro. Faz parte da floresta ombrófila mista, e ocupou originalmente uma área coberta de 20 milhões de hectares no Brasil e atualmente restam apenas 2% da área inicial. Em função da exploração comercial, foi classificada como criticamente ameaçada pela União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (UICN) e aparece na Lista Oficial de Espécies Brasileiras Ameaçadas de Extinção. Para se estabelecer programas de recuperação das áreas degradadas, entre outras ações, seria necessário produzir mudas a partir de sementes de A. angustifólia. Mas as sementes perdem a viabilidade ao serem desidratadas, não sobrevivendo à conservação por longos períodos. Para se tentar resolver o problema da perda da viabilidade das sementes é necessário estabelecer tecnologias para a conservação da espécie, que utilizam conhecimentos básicos sobre o ciclo reprodutivo e a o desenvolvimento o embrião zigótico. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o desenvolvimento do embrião zigótico de araucária e sobre etapas que ocorrem entre a polinização e a formação da semente madura. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas análises morfológicas, ultraestruturais e histoquímicas para se conhecer a organização morfológica do desenvolvimento embrionário em A. angustifolia. O material vegetal para as análises foi obtido dos megaestróbilos coletados periodicamente a partir de plantas femininas selecionadas e dos microestróbilos, coletados aleatoriamente em uma propriedade rural na região de Curitibanos-SC. Os megaestróbilos foram mensalmente fotografados e das escamas férteis foram obtidos nucelos, megagametófitos, proembriões e embriões dominantes para retirada dos meristemas. Os grãos de pólen foram obtidos de microestróbilos. Os materiais vegetais foram processados para as técnicas de microscopias de luz, confocal e fluorescência, análises histoquímicas, além das microscopias eletrônicas de varredura e de transmissão. Observou-se que a polinização ocorreu em agosto e setembro e os grãos de pólen de A. angustifolia apresentaram superfície granulosa, parede espessa, com compostos de reserva como grãos de amido, vacúolos e núcleos. Nas escamas férteis coletadas a partir de janeiro do primeiro ano do ciclo reprodutivo, pode ser observada a formação de núcleos livres na região central dos nucelos em desenvolvimento, permanecendo esta formação até julho do primeiro ano do ciclo reprodutivo. Entre julho e setembro do mesmo ano, os núcleos livres dão lugar a células em arranjo elipsóide, evoluindo para a formação de um tecido protalial. A partir de setembro foram identificadas as primeiras arquegônias no tecido16protalial, já no segundo ano do ciclo reprodutivo. Em novembro os proembriões estavam formados, concluindo-se que a fertilização ocorreu em outubro. Como ocorre em outras coníferas, nos proembriões de A. angustifolia são identificados três tipos celulares: células da capa, embrionárias e do suspensor. Observou-se que as células da capa apresentaram núcleos compactados e muitos vacúolos no citoplasma. As células embrionárias apresentam formato poliédrico, núcleo grande, ativo e central, enquanto as células do suspensor apresentam formato alongado, raramente eram nucleadas e apresentaram grandes vacúolos. O embrião dominante foi identificado em fevereiro de 2012, no segundo ano do ciclo reprodutivo. Nos meristemas do embrião dominante de A. Angustifolia na fase cotiledonar, foi observado que as células exibem características pluripotentes, como mecanismos de comunicação intercelular e de diferenciação - parede celular fina e irregular com plasmodesmos. No interior das células, mitocôndrias, vacúolos, muitos corpos lipídicos, corpos de Golgi, muitos amiloplastos, retículo endoplasmático e grandes núcleos foram observados. Os resultados ampliam o conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento reprodutivo de A. angustifolia, fornecendo informações científicas iniciais para o aprofundamento em estudos evolutivos, biotecnológicos, de melhoramento genético e programas de conservação da espécie.
Abstract : Araucaria angustifolia is known as Brazilian pine. Part of the Araucaria forest, and originally occupied a covered area of 20 million hectares in Brazil and currently there are only 2 % of the initial area. Depending on the commercial exploitation has been classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and appears in the official list of Brazilian endangered species. To establish the recovery of degraded areas, among other actions, would be necessary to produce seedlings from seeds of A. angustifolia. But the seeds lose viability when they are dehydrated, not surviving the conservation for long periods. To solve the problem of the loss of seed viability is necessary to establish technologies for the conservation of the species , using basic knowledge about the reproductive cycle eao the zygotic embryo development. However, little is known about the development of zygotic embryos of Araucaria and on steps that occur between pollination and formation of the mature seed. In this work morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyzes to know the morphological organization of embryonic development in A. angustifolia were used. The plant material for analysis was obtained from megastrobili collected periodically from selected female plants and microstrobili randomly collected from a farm in the region of Curitibanos - SC. The monthly megastrobili collected were photographed and from fertile scales nucellus, megagametophytes, proembryos and dominant embryos for withdrawal of meristems were obtained. The pollen grains were obtained from microstrobili. The plant materials were processed for light microscopy techniques, confocal and fluorescence histochemical analyzes, besides the electronic scanning microscopy and transmission. It was observed that pollination occurred from August to September and the pollen grains of A. angustifolia showed granular surface, thick-walled, with reserve compounds such as starch grains, vacuoles and nuclei. In the fertile scales collected from January of the first year of the reproductive cycle, the formation of free nuclei in the central region of the nucellus in development can be observed, remaining this training until July of the first year of the reproductive cycle. Between July and September of the same reproductive year, free nuclei give rise to cells ellipsoid arrangement, progressing to the formation of a protalial tissue. From September to October, the first arquegonia were identified, in the second year of the reproductive cycle in protalial tissue. In November the proembruos were already formed, concluding that fertilization occurred in October. Cap,18embryonic and suspensor cells: in coniferous proembryos these three cell types are identified. It was observed that the cells of the compressed nuclei and cover have vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Embryonic cells have polyhedral shape, large, active and central nucleus, while cells of the hanger feature elongated, nucleated and were rarely showed large vacuoles. The dominant embryo was identified in February 2012, the second year of the reproductive cycle. Meristems of dominant A. angustifolia embryo on cotyledon stage was observed that cells exhibit pluripotent characteristics, such as intercellular communication mechanisms and differentiation - irregular and thin cell wall with plasmodesmata. Inside the cells, mitochondria, vacuoles, many lipid bodies, Golgi bodies, many amyloplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and large nuclei were observed. The results extend the knowledge on the reproductive development of A. angustifolia, providing early scientific information to deepen in, biotechnology, evolutionary studies of breeding programs and conservation of the species.
Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas. "Biotecnologias para o uso e conservação de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/160749.
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A conífera brasileira Araucaria angustifolia encontra-se dispersa no bioma Mata Atlântica e é conhecida popularmente como araucária ou pinheiro-brasileiro. Segundo a IUCN, a A. angustifolia encontra-se em perigo crítico de extinção, reforçando a necessidade de mais estudos que visem sua conservação e propagação. A cultura de tecidos vegetais engloba um conjunto de ferramentas biotecnológicas que possibilitam a conservação e melhoramento genético de plantas. A rota morfogenética in vitro de embriogênese somática (ES) pode ser empregada para a propagação massal clonal de genótipos de interesse, para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas de extinção ou para o estudo de processos fisiológicos, genéticos e bioquímicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento embrionário. O protocolo de ES para a A. angustifolia tem sido extensivamente estudado ao longo dos anos e encontra-se parcialmente desenvolvido, sendo seu principal limitante o processo de diferenciação e maturação das culturas embriogênicas (CE). Por outro lado, estudos envolvendo a criopreservação de CE desta espécie são ainda incipientes, apesar de toda sua importância estratégica na conservação de germoplasma in vitro de espécies recalcitrantes. Paralelamente, o cultivo in vitro e a suplementação do meio de cultura com reguladores de crescimento de plantas são conhecidos por afetar a metilação do DNA e os perfis de expressão de proteínas, modulando o fenótipo e/ou o potencial embriogênico. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi aprofundar os conhecimentos a respeito da ES e da criopreservação de CE de A. angustifolia visando à identificação e elucidação dos seus pontos de controle, por meio de estudos ultraestruturais e bioquímicos. Os resultados alcançados permitiram: a obtenção de um mapa de destino da ES de A. angustifolia através da técnica de time-lapse cell tracking, fornecendo informações relevantes a respeito da morfologia das CE durante as etapas de micropropagação e análises ultraestruturais dos tipos celulares que as compõem; a obtenção de um protocolo de criopreservação eficiente para as CE de A. angustifolia, aliado a análises morfológicas e ultraestruturais durante as etapas do protocolo; a análise dos níveis de metilação do DNA global das CE de A. angustifolia durante sucessivos ciclos de multiplicação em presença ou ausência de fitorreguladores, bem como a identificação de uma vasta gama de proteínas expressas diferencialmente nesses tratamentos através da técnica de proteômica shotgun revelou diferenças relevantes nos perfis de expressão protéica. Um maior detalhamento destes resultados e suas implicações encontra-se nos capítulos desta tese.
Abstract : The Brazilian conifer Araucaria angustifolia naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest Biome, and is popularly known as araucaria or Brazilian-pine. According to the IUCN, this species is critically endangered, reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant tissue culture encompasses a range of biotechnology tools that enable the conservation and plant breeding. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) morphogenetic route can be employed for mass clonal propagation of elite genotypes, conservation of endangered species, and for the study of physiological, genetic and biochemical processes involved in embryonic development. The SE protocol for A. angustifolia has been extensively studied over the past years and is partially developed. The differentiation process and embryogenic cultures (EC) maturation is this protocol limiting fator. Otherwise, studies involving the EC cryopreservation of this species are still incipient, in spite of its strategic importance in the in vitro germplasm conservation of recalcitrant species. In addition, in vitro tissue culture and culture médium supplementation with plant growth regulators are known to affect DNA methylation and protein expression profiles, modulating the phenotype and/or the embryogenic potential. In this context, the aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge about SE and EC cryopreservation of A. angustifolia, aiming at the identification and elucidation of its control points by means of ultrastructural and biochemical studies. The results achieved allow: obtaining a SE fate map of A. angustifolia by time-lapse cell tracking technique, providing relevant information about the EC morphology during the micropropagation stages and ultrastructural charaterization of cell types which constitute them; obtaining an efficient protocol for A. angustifolia EC cryopreservation, combined with morphological and ultrastructural analyses during steps of the protocol; analysis of global DNA methylation of A. angustifolia EC during successive multiplication cycles in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators as well as the identification of a wide range of proteins differentially expressed in these treatments by shotgun proteomics technique, revealing significant differences in protein expression profiles. More detailed results and their implicatins are presented in the specific section of this thesis.
Uribe, Herrera Soraya del Carmen. "Fortalecer el rol social de la Caja de Compensación La Araucana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168193.
Full textLa Caja de Compensación La Araucana es una corporación privada sin fines de lucro, que opera en el ámbito de la Seguridad Social. La industria está compuesta por cinco Cajas, que administran prestaciones de Seguridad Social y entregan beneficios a sus afiliados, financiados por utilidades provenientes de créditos de consumo. Su crecimiento, está directamente relacionado al tamaño en afiliados y al volumen de créditos que puedan colocar. No obstante ser una industria competitiva, durante la última década, las Cajas han mantenido la misma posición relativa en cuanto a tamaño y crecimiento. Mantienen una oferta de servicios similar, difusión a través de medios de comunicación masiva y relacionamiento con clientes basado en una fuerza de ventas que opera mayoritariamente en forma presencial, alcanzando alrededor del 3% de sus afiliados. En este escenario, La Araucana visualiza la oportunidad de diferenciarse de la industria mediante una estrategia innovadora que, utilizando la potencia de las redes sociales, le permita aumentar en forma explosiva el nivel de relacionamiento con sus afiliados y de esa manera apalancar sus objetivos de crecimiento. Esta estrategia se concretó a través de un proyecto que contempló el desarrollo de una red social que motivara la participación de empresas y sus trabajadores, en torno a los intereses de estos últimos. El proyecto contempló una experiencia piloto con tres empresas, lo que permitió validar en forma real la efectividad del enfoque de relacionamiento digital en el ámbito de la Seguridad Social. En efecto, los resultados de este proyecto permitieron mejorar la atención, focalizar la oferta de beneficios, difundir noticias de interés social y captar el interés de la personas, lo que se tradujo en un aumento significativo en la cantidad de personas con las que se interactuó. Las inversiones realizadas para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos corresponden al desarrollo de la red social, en tanto que el costo recurrente corresponde al valor del Hosting del software así como su mantención. La evaluación del proyecto, en un escenario pesimista, arroja un TIR de 66% y un VAN de MM$ 156, lo que además de su valor social, hace de este un proyecto rentable.
Vendruscolo, Rafael. "DINÂMICA FITOSSOCIOLÓGICA E DE CRESCIMENTO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL MANEJADO EM 1993, NO NOROESTE DO RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4945.
Full textPassadas duas décadas de proibição do uso comercial das florestas nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, iniciam-se os primeiros estudos sobre o efeito dos Planos de Manejo Florestal em Regime Sustentado (PMFS). Estes trabalhos irão mostrar, principalmente, qual foi o real efeito dos PMFS em nossas florestas naturais e, subsidiar a alteração da atual legislação em favor do retorno do uso sustentável de nosso patrimônio florestal. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar um fragmento de floresta localizado em área de transição entre a Floresta Ombrófila Mista e Floresta Estacional Decidual onde foi desenvolvido um PMFS no ano de 1993. A área de 52 ha se localiza no município de Erval Seco na região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, foram instaladas 31 unidades amostrais de 20 x 50 m em uma grade sistemática e 125 x 125 m. Nas unidades foram levantadas as informações de diâmetro, ponto de inversão morfológica, altura comercial, altura total, qualidade, sanidade e posição fitossociológica de todos os indivíduos com mais de 10 cm de diâmetro além da identificação botânica a nível de família, gênero e espécie. Também foram coletados rolos de incremento foram coletados dos indivíduos com DAP médio, DAP máximo, DAP mínimo, DAP médio máximo e DAP médio mínimo de cada parcela. As informações de crescimento foram relacionadas com os dados climáticos obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e da estação automática de Frederico Westphalen - RS no banco de dados do Laboratório de Agroclimatologia (LAGRO). Os resultados indicaram a diversidade de espécies em 2013 é maior do que em 1993, hoje a área comporta 81 espécies de 66 gêneros e 33 famílias botânicas. O inventário de 2013 propôs a divisão da área em dois estratos em função da grande diferença no estoque de madeira, sendo: Estrato1 com 152 m³.ha-1 e o Estrato 2 com 43 m³.ha-1. Nenhum dos estratos atingiu os 155 m³.ha-1, que deveria ser o estoque remanescente após o PMFS em 1993. A Araucaria angustifólia, considerada isoladamente, respondeu de forma positiva ao PMFS e aumentou tanto o número quanto o volume médio das árvores, quando comparado com 1993. O incremento médio anual nos últimos vinte anos para a Araucaria angustifolia foi de 0,81 cm, variando de 0,26 cm a 1,39 cm. Os anéis anuais de crescimento da Araucaria angustifolia apresentaram correlação linear com a temperatura média anual. A equação resultante da interação foi Inc = - 0,09249+0,044913.Tmed, com R² de 0,28, Syx de 5,42% e CV de 5,57. De modo geral o fragmento ainda não recuperou o estoque de 1993, porém aumentou sua biodiversidade. Considerando exclusivamente a Araucaria angustifólia a intervenção mostrou-se muito favorável ao crescimento e perpetuação da espécie.
Brum, Fernanda Thiesen. "Padrões espaciais de ocorrência de tiranídeos (Aves: Tyrannidae) nas florestas com araucária : aspectos filogenéticos e funcionais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29985.
Full textGradients of richness and diversity were extensively addressed by ecologists studying the interactions between organisms and the environment in local scales, and by biogeographers seeking to understand the current and past distribution of organisms in relation to extinction, speciation and dispersal dynamics. Besides untangling the drivers of species richness in a certain site, it is also important to understand what species occur in that site, i.e. species composition. Recently, ecologists have recognized that community assembly is not only influenced by current environment and biological interactions, but also by the evolutionary history of clades in the community and by the biogeographical history of the region. The evolutionary path of each lineage within the species pool is now considered important to explain the current richness and diversity patterns. I evaluated how environmental and spatial factors drive Tyrannidae phylogenetic assembly in sites distributed along Araucaria forest range and how phylogenetic gradients, together with resource availability, spatial and environmental variables, affect the frugivorous Tyrannidae in that biome. The results showed that historical factors are the main determinants of phylogenetic assembly and of spatial variation in frugivory by Tyrannidae in the distribution range of the Araucaria forests. The results indicated that ecological processes that structure community assemblies in the Araucaria forests are, in a general way, determined by the historical dynamic of expansion and contraction of Araucaria forest as a hole. The use of phylogenetic information helped us to elucidate some historical mechanisms behind the variation pattern of frugivory, which indicated possible phylogenetic niche conservatism.
Scott, Leon. "Implications of evolutionary history and population structure for the analysis of quantitative trait loci in the ancient conifer Araucaria cunninghamii." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/52/.
Full textLowe, Tatiana Raquel. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos da alocação das reservas das sementes para as plântulas de Araucaria Angustifolia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29626.
Full textCassana, Francine Ferreira. "Ecofisiologia da absorção de água por folhas do Pinheiro Brasileiro(Araucauria angustifolia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49934.
Full textAlabarce, Fernanda da Silva. "Influência do tamanho da semente e da ontogenia na resistência á herbívoria em plantas de Araucaria Angustifolia (Araucariaceae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55906.
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