Journal articles: 'Araucaria araucana'

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Baensch, Thorsten. "Araucaria araucana." Kursbuch 55, no. 197 (2019): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0023-5652-2019-197-95.

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Medina, N., P. Vidal, R. Cifuentes, J. Torralba, and F. Keusch. "Evaluación del estado sanitario de individuos de Araucaria araucana a través de imágenes hiperespectrales." Revista de Teledetección, no. 52 (December 26, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.10916.

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The Araucaria araucana is an endemic species from Chile and Argentina, which has a high biological, scientific and cultural value and since 2016 has shown a severe affection of leaf damage in some individuals, causing in some cases their death. The purpose of this research was to detect, from hyperspectral images, the individuals of the Araucaria species (Araucaria araucana (Molina and K. Koch)) and its degree of disease, by isolating its spectral signature and evaluating its physiological state through indices of vegetation and positioning techniques of the inflection point of the red edge, in a sector of the Ralco National Reserve, Biobío Region, Chile. Seven images were captured with the HYSPEX VNIR-1600 hyperspectral sensor, with 160 bands and a random sampling was carried out in the study area, where 90 samples of Araucarias were collected. In addition, from the remote sensing techniques applied, spatial data mining was used, in which Araucarias were classified without symptoms of disease and with symptoms of disease. A 55.11% overall accuracy was obtained in the classification of the image, 53.4% in the identification of healthy Araucaria and 55.96% in the identification of affected Araucaria. In relation to the evaluation of their sanitary status, the index with the best percentage of accuracy is the MSR (70.73%) and the one with the lowest value is the SAVI (35.47%). The positioning technique of the inflection point of the red edge delivered an accuracy percentage of 52.18% and an acceptable Kappa index.

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Garbarino, J. A., M. Luisa Oyarzún, and Vicente Gambaro. "Labdane Diterpenes from Araucaria araucana." Journal of Natural Products 50, no. 5 (September 1987): 935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50053a029.

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Evans, Philip D., Ignacio A. Mundo, Michael C. Wiemann, Gabriela D. Chavarria, Pamela J. McClure, Doina Voin, and Edgard O. Espinoza. "Identification of selected CITES-protected Araucariaceae using DART TOFMS." IAWA Journal 38, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 266—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170171.

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Determining the species source of logs and planks suspected of being Araucaria araucana (Molina) K.Koch (CITES Appendix I) using traditional wood anatomy has been difficult, because its anatomical features are not diagnostic. Additionally, anatomical studies of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco, Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl., and Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen have reported that these taxa have similar and indistinguishable anatomical characters from A. araucana. Transnational shipments of illegal timber obscure their geographic provenance, and therefore identification using wood anatomy alone is insufficient in a criminal proceeding. In this study we examine the macroscopic appearance of selected members of the Araucariaceae and investigate whether analysis of heartwood chemotypes using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS) is useful for making species determinations. DART TOFMS data were collected from 5 species (n =75 spectra). The spectra were analyzsed statistically using supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms. Results indicate that A. araucana can be distinguished from the look-alike taxa. Another statistical inference of the data suggests that Wollemia nobilis is more similar and within the same clade as Agathis australis. We conclude that DART TOFMS spectra can help in making species determination of the Araucariaceae even when the geographic provenance is unknown.

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Hill, RS. "Araucaria (Araucariaceae) species from Australian tertiary sediments — a micromorphological study." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 2 (1990): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900203.

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The cuticular micromorphology of four existing and four new species of Araucaria from Australian Tertiary sediments is examined using scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy is very useful for distinguishing species, but less successful for determining the affinities of the fossil species within the genus. Two fossil species, A. balcombensis Selling and A. hastiensis Bigwood & Hill, are closely related to the extant South American species A. araucana (Molina) K. Koch (section Columbea). Five fossil species, A. lignitici Cookson & Duigan, A. planus R. Hill, sp. nov., A. prominens R. Hill, sp. nov., A. readiae R. Hill & Bigwood and A. uncinatus R. Hill, sp. nov., are assigned to section Eutacta, but their affinities within that section are uncertain. One fossil species, A. fimbriatus R. Hill, sp. nov., cannot be placed into a section with confidence. The presence of A. balcombensis and A. hastiensis in south-eastern Australia in the early Tertiary, along with species of Nothofagus in a subgenus now restricted to South America, suggests that there may have been early Tertiary forests in Australia similar to the Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus associations found today near the tree line in the Andes. The presence of at least three Araucaria species at the late Oligocene-early Miocene Monpeelyata deposit suggests that complex araucarian forests similar to those found today in New Caledonia may have been more widespread in the region in the past.

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Finckh, Manfred, and Axel Paulsch. "Araucaria araucana — Die ökologische Strategie einer Reliktkonifere." Flora 190, no. 4 (November 1995): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30679-5.

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Parveen, Nazneen, H. M. Taufeeq, and Nizam ud-din Khan. "Biflavones from the Leaves of Araucaria araucana." Journal of Natural Products 50, no. 2 (March 1987): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50050a061.

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Moura Nadolny, Jaqueline, Odette Best, Gabriele Netzel, Heather M. Shewan, Anh Dao Thi Phan, Heather E. Smyth, and Jason R. Stokes. "Chemical composition of bunya nuts (Araucaria bidwillii) compared to Araucaria angustifolia and Araucaria araucana species." Food Research International 163 (January 2023): 112269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112269.

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Rudolph, Roland, and Hilke Steinecke. "Araucaria araucana im Palmengarten – erstmals mit weiblichen Zapfen." Der Palmengarten 72, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/palmengarten.44.

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Chilenische Araukarien (Araucaria araucana) wachsen bei uns sehr langsam und setzen eher selten Zapfen an. Im vergangenen Sommer konnten im Palmengarten erstmals an etwa 50 Jahre alten Araukarien die Samen voll ausreifen.

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ZAPATA, MARIO, MARIA ANTONIETA PALMA, and EDUARDO PIONTELLI. "Ophiostoma pehueninum, a new species associated with Araucaria araucana in Chile." Phytotaxa 346, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.346.1.5.

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During a survey of fungi on Araucaria araucana in Chile, a species of Ophiostoma morphologically different to O. araucariae was collected in the Andean region. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α sequences confirmed that this species represents a novel taxon. This taxon is described here as Ophiostoma pehueninum sp. nov. The sexual morph of O. pehueninum was characterized by long neck and peridial hyphae around the bases, and allantoid ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. In culture a hyalorhinocladiella-like asexual morph was observed. Mating compatibility tests indicated that the species is heterothallic.

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Cortés, Josefina, Isabel Ugalde, Julián Caviedes, and José Tomás Ibarra. "Semillas de montaña: recolección, usos y comercialización del piñón de la araucaria (Araucaria araucana) por comunidades Mapuche-Pewenche del sur de los Andes." Pirineos 174 (September 26, 2019): 048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2019.174008.

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La araucaria (Araucaria araucana), o pewen en lengua mapuche, es un árbol nativo de Chile y Argentina con fuerte importancia cultural para las comunidades mapuche-pewenche del sur de los Andes. Mediante el uso de metodologías cualitativas y técnicas etnográficas, se evaluaron los distintos usos actuales y los aspectos económicos y comerciales asociados al piñón, semilla de la araucaria, en una comuna cordillerana del centro-sur de Chile. Las prácticas locales relacionadas con el piñón dan cuenta de la importancia intrínseca y material de esta semilla, tanto para actores pewenche como para colonos. Nuestros resultados indican que estas prácticas incluyen desde la recolección, pasando por la venta a granel de las semillas, hasta la comercialización de productos elaborados (con valor añadido) de piñón y una creciente oferta de experiencias turísticas que integran piñones, araucarias, cultura y paisajes locales. Concluimos que los procesos de recolección, uso y comercialización del piñón tienen dos componentes fundamentales que dialogan constantemente entre sí: un componente económico, en el sentido comercial y de subsistencia, y un componente biocultural, en el sentido espiritual, social, ecológico y alimentario.

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Drake, Fernando, Juan Ramón Molina, and Miguel Ángel Herrera. "An ecophysiographic approach for Araucaria araucana regeneration management." Ciencia e investigación agraria 39, no. 1 (April 2012): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-16202012000100013.

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Marconi, G., M. A. Martín, M. Cherubini, L. Raggi, F. Drake, F. Villani, E. Albertini, and C. Mattioni. "Primer Note: Microsatellite-AFLP development for Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch, an endangered conifer of Chilean and Argentinean native forests." Silvae Genetica 60, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2011): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2011-0037.

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Abstract Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch is one of the most important native species of Chile and Argentina, and also one of the most endangered. In this study, we report the development and characterization of a set of microsatellite markers in the species by means of the microsatellite-AFLP (M-AFLP) technique. A total of 25 M-AFLP derived bands, showing a typical microsatellite pattern, were selected and sequenced. Of these, 12 that contained microsatellite sequences, were used for primer extension. Six of the resulting SSR markers provided easily interpretable patterns and were used to investigate the level of genetic diversity in two populations of A. araucana. A total of 43 alleles were amplified. The mean overall loci of observed and expected heterozygosities for the Conguillio and Villa Araucaria populations were 0.322 and 0.443, respectively. The primers presented in this study may provide useful information for the establishment of a conservation strategy in the species.

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PENNECKAMP, DIEGO N. "Valeriana nahuelbutae sp. nov. (Caprifoliaceae), a new endemic plant from Nahuelbuta mountain range in central-south Chile." Phytotaxa 441, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.9.

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A new species of Valeriana (Caprifoliaceae) is described based on morphological characters. This new species is endemic from Nahuelbuta mountain range (37º 30’ and 38º 30’ S latitude approx.) in central-south Chile, associated to Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus spp. forest. This new species have an isolated distribution with specific riparian habitat.

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Nin, Stefania, Maurizio Antonetti, Gianluca Burchi, Massimo Gori, and Lorenzo Bini. "Validation by SSRs of Morphometric Markers for Genetic Variability in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch." Forests 14, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030466.

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Araucaria araucana is an important seed and timber-yielding tree that grows naturally in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Andes in Argentina and Chile, and has also been introduced as an ornamental species in Europe. Genetic diversity has been observed in A. araucana native populations, but there have been no prior studies on the genetic diversity estimates of this species introduced in Europe. On the other hand, assessment of the genetic variation in Araucaria populations occurring in Europe might be an important tool in the selection of appropriate germplasms for ornamental nursery production and breeding strategies. In this study, morphological and genetic diversity was analysed using a previously defined descriptor list and SSR molecular markers in four putative populations of A. araucana, individuated in the Pistoia Nursery District (Tuscany, Italy). In total, 26 morphological descriptors and 28 SSR primer pairs were used for a diversity assessment of specimens. Results provide evidence for genetic and morphological correspondence among the four putative Araucaria populations. PCA and cluster analyses based on morphological traits clearly revealed three distinct clusters of specimens. SSR primers yielded 68% polymorphic loci among the considered populations, and 18 of them displayed informativeness for population genetics, according to a Polymorphic Information Content value larger than 0.25. This marker set revealed significant genetic differentiation, and UPGMA analysis enabled separation of these populations on the basis of their genetic distances into three main groups, which largely overlapped with clusters in the dendrogram obtained from the morphological data. In particular, in both cluster diagrams, all accessions belonging to a specific population were well separated from all the others due to matrix distances and differences in the canopy density that are more similar to conifers such as spruce, pine, or fir. ANOVA analysis and the FST value indicated a large between-population genetic variation. The Mantel test suggested that genetic differentiation between the four studied populations was positively correlated with morphological distance (r = 0.141, p < 0.05). Thus, both morphological and genetic markers showed applicability across populations of different seed origins and proved suitable for the identification and characterization of A. araucana accessions.

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Piraino, Sergio, Julieta Arco Molina, Martín Ariel Hadad, and Fidel Alejandro Roig Juñent. "Resilience capacity of Araucaria araucana to extreme drought events." Dendrochronologia 75 (October 2022): 125996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2022.125996.

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Ipinza Carmona, Roberto, Braulio Gutiérrez Caro, Sabine Müller-Using, María Paz Molina Brand, and Jorge Mauricio González Campos. "La migración asistida de la araucaria araucana. Plan operacional." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 25, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2019.517.

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Este documento muestra los avances en hitos operacionales considerados para establecer el primer ensayo demostrativo de progenie y procedencia de Araucaria araucana en 2019 en la Reserva Nacional de Coyhaique y otro ensayo de conservación más amplio en 2020 en otro lugar de la región. Sin lugar a dudas el modelo de migración asistida se convertirá en un mecanismo público – privado de adaptación al cambio climático para salvaguardar el potencial evolutivo de las especies afectadas.

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Villagra, Johana, Leopoldo G. Sancho, and David Alors. "Macrolichen Communities Depend on Phorophyte in Conguillío National Park, Chile." Plants 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132452.

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The community composition of epiphytic macrolichens from two tree species (Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus antarctica) was conducted in temperate forests in the Conguillío National Park, Chile. The composition of lichen biota is influenced by phorophyte species, bark pH, and microclimatic conditions. A total of 31 species of macrolichens were found on A. araucana and N. antarctica. Most of the species showed phorophyte preference, with nine being exclusive to A. araucana and 10 to N. antarctica. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated the formation of three communities: one representing macrolichens growing on N. antarctica and two others growing chiefly on A. araucana, either with north or south exposure. More work is needed to study the lichen biota of the forests of the Chilean Andes, which are under multiple threats, including clearing and climate change. In order to counteract such risks to native forests and to the biodiversity of the associated epiphytic lichens, conservation plans should be established that consider the factors that influence the composition of the lichen community.

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Cisternas Mandujano, Juan Carlos. "Forestación multipropósito para la Región de Aysén." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 16, no. 3 (July 11, 2010): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2010.352.

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A través de una exhaustiva identificación, basada en atributos autoecológicos y homologaciones edafoclimáticas se seleccionaron dos especies nativas para forestar en Aysén con objetivos multipropósito dados por que efectivamente constituyan masa forestal, que puedan conciliar la producción ganadera y forestal sin necesidad de exclusión animal y que cumplan funciones ambientales en suelos que carecen de cobertura forestal. La selección de especies fue contrastada con la evaluación de procesos de colonización natural que se ha estado produciendo en algunos sectores de transición hacia estepa patagónica, con experiencias de plantaciones pilotos y forestaciones tradicionales en el marco del DL 701. Las especies seleccionadas son araucaria (Araucaria araucana) y radal (Lomatia hirsuta).

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Stefenon, V. M., O. Gailing, and R. Finkeldey. "Phylogenetic Relationship Within Genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) Assessed by Means of AFLP Fingerprints." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0007.

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Abstract Highly polymorphic AFLP markers were applied to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of seven species from three sections within genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) with cladistic and phenetic approaches. The objectives of the study were to compare the intrageneric relationships within Araucaria assessed by AFLP markers with the classification according to chloroplast DNA sequences and morphological characters. The AMOVA revealed 48% of the variation among species. The results of the principal coordinate analysis revealed three distinct groups: (1) A. angustifolia and A. araucana (= section Araucaria), (2) A. bidwillii (= section Bunya) and (3) A. cunninghamii, A. heterophylla, A. rulei and A. scopulorum (= section Eutacta). In the cladistic and phenetic analyses, phylogenetic trees were subdivided into two sister clades, one comprising the samples from section Eutacta, the other one was divided again into two sister clades corresponding to sections Araucaria and Bunya. These results are congruent with a previous phylogenetic study of the family Araucariaceae based on rbcL sequences and with the classification of genus Araucaria based on morphological characters. Both rbcL sequence data and AFLP analyses do not support section Bunya as one of the oldest sections within genus Araucaria, as suggested by the fossil record. The utility of AFLP markers for phylogenetic analyses is discussed.

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Aguirre, M. Gabriela, and Alberto E. Pérez. "Araucaria araucana y sus múltiples usos en el Sitio Lago Meliquina, Patagonia Noroccidental." Mundo de Antes 9 (April 1, 2016): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59516/mda.v9.175.

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El sitio Lago Meliquina presenta un importante registro de vestigios de origen vegetal con cronologías entre 920 y 750 años AP. En este trabajo describimos y discutimos las implicancias arqueológicas de la presencia de la especie Araucaria araucana identificada en el sitio a partir de estudios antracológicos realizados sobre vestigios leñosos utilizados para la combustión y la construcción de estructuras de reparo.

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Beéche C., Marcos A. "Yanara, nuevo género de Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera) asociado a Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) del Sur de Chile." Boletín Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 66, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54830/bmnhn.v66.n1.2017.69.

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Basándose en caracteres de la morfología externa y de la genitalia del macho y de la hembra se describe a Yanara nov. gen. de Oecophoridae de Chile. Este género incluye una especie, Yanara kasungen nov. sp., asociada a hojas jóvenes de pehuén (Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch). Con este descubrimiento aumenta a 63 el número de especies nativas de esta familia en Chile.

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Muñoz, Ariel A., Mauro E. González, Isadora Schneider-Valenzuela, Karin Klock-Barría, Marcelo Madariaga-Burgos, Carmen Gloria Rodríguez, Ana M. Abarzúa, et al. "Multiproxy Approach to Reconstruct the Fire History of Araucaria araucana Forests in the Nahuelbuta Coastal Range, Chile." Forests 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2023): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061082.

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Multiproxy reconstructions of fire regimes in forest ecosystems can provide a clearer understanding of past fire activity and circumvent some limitations of single proxy reconstructions. While inferring fire history from scars in trees is the most precise method to reconstruct temporal fire patterns, this method is limited in Araucaria araucana forests by rot after fire injuries, successive fires that destroy the evidence and the prohibition of sample extraction from living Araucaria trees. In this context, dendrochemical studies in Araucaria trees and charcoal analysis from sediment cores can complement and extend the time perspective of the fire history in the relictual Araucaria-Nothofagus forests of the coastal range. We used dendrochemical, fire scar and charcoal records from the Nahuelbuta Coastal Range (37.8° S; 73° W) spanning the last 1000 years to reconstruct the fire history. The results indicate that periods with higher fire activity occurred between 1400 and 1650 AD. Long-term changes in the fire regime are related to increased climate variability over the last 1000 years, and especially with the arrival of settlers to the area after 1860 CE. The most severe fire events in the Nothofagus and Araucaria forests occurred when suitable fire-prone conditions were superimposed with high human densities.

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Dragota, Simona, and Markus Riederer. "Comparative study on epicuticular leaf waxes of Araucaria araucana, Agathis robusta and Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 8 (2008): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08047.

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The present study describes fine structure and chemical composition of the epicuticular leaf waxes of three Araucariaceae species. The leaf surfaces of samples from greenhouse-grown juvenile trees of Araucaria araucana K.Koch and Agathis robusta F.Muell. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with data for a young greenhouse-grown Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen cutting characterised earlier. The chemical compositions of the epicuticular waxes selectively removed from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of A. araucana, A. robusta and W. nobilis were studied by gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The main components of the leaf cuticular waxes of A. araucana, A. robusta and W. nobilis are members of the following three major compound classes: n-alkanes, secondary alcohols and alkane diols. It was shown earlier that the latter two classes contribute to the formation of the tubular epicuticular-wax crystals on the leaf surfaces. The present comparative study also revealed differences in the crystalline microstructure and chemical composition of the epicuticular leaf waxes among the three species.

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Vélez, María L., Jorge A. Marfetán, María E. Salgado Salomón, and Leonardo E. Taccari. "Mortierella species from declining Araucaria araucana trees in Patagonia, Argentina." Forest Pathology 50, no. 3 (April 11, 2020): e12591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12591.

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Riquelme, Alejandro, and Liliana Cardemil. "Two cationic peroxidases from cell walls of Araucaria araucana seeds." Phytochemistry 39, no. 1 (May 1995): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00665-g.

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Gutiérrez Caro, Braulio. "Análisis de la emergencia de plántulas durante la viverización de una colección de semillas de 418 familias de Araucaria araucana." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 25, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2019.508.

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Se evalúa la emergencia de plántulas durante la viverización operacional de semillas de 418 familias de Araucaria araucana, clasificadas en 5 estratos ecológico-genéticos y caracterizadas en función de la incidencia de la enfermedad “daño foliar de la araucaria” en las madres desde donde se obtuvo las semillas. Se observa que la emergencia de plántulas de las familias andinas es más lenta, pero alcanza valores mayores que en las familias costeras (81,4 y 77,9%, respectivamente). Tanto en los distintos estratos por separado, como a nivel conjunto, la emergencia de plántulas exhibe relación directa con el tamaño de las semillas. Respecto a las variables que caracterizan el daño foliar de los árboles semilleros, no se observan tendencias evidentes que las relacionen con la emergencia de plántulas.

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Castro, M. A., N. M. Apóstolo, and L. E. Navarro. "Bark anatomy of three indigenous conifers from southern South America." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 1 (2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04065.

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This paper describes the bark anatomy of three native conifers from southern South America, Podocarpus nubigena Lindl., Saxegothaea conspicua Lindl. (Podocarpaceae) and Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K.Koch. (Araucariaceae). The bark colours of these three conifers are greyish-brown, reddish-brown and true brown, respectively. Morphologically, the bark of S. conspicua is scaly whereas it is fissured in A. araucana and P. nubigena. Fissures are relatively shallow in P. nubigena and relatively deep in A. araucana. The latter two species have elongated stripes and polygonal to irregular plates, respectively. Anatomically, P. nubigena shows a gradual transition between non-collapsed and collapsed phloem. This species shows secondary phloem cells regularly arranged in continuous tangential bands composed of alternating sieve cells, axial parenchyma and fibres. In A. araucana the ordered pattern observed in the non-collapsed secondary phloem is lost in the collapsed phloem. All three species show homocellular and uniseriate rays exhibiting a sinuous trajectory in the collapsed phloem and into the rhytidome. Fibres in P. nubigena are arranged in narrow, tangentially uniseriate lines. Sclereids are observed in S. conspicua whereas ramified sclereids and fibres are present in A. araucana. Minute cell-wall crystals in the fibres are exhibited in all species. The persistent rhytidome occupies a variable proportion of the bark. A. araucana shows thick periderms and rhytidome, with indistinct rays in dead phloem. Starch, tannins and resins are frequent in parenchyma. Secretory canals are present only in A. araucana. In summary, the external morphology, arrangement of axial parenchyma, type of the sclerenchymatous tissue, presence of secretory canals and cell-wall crystals are the most important features that can be used for identification when other diagnostic plant parts are missing.

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Durán, Angélica, José Reyes-De-Corcuera, Gustavo Garay, Pedro Valencia, and Alejandra Urtubia. "Development of an Araucaria araucana Beer-like Beverage: Process and Product." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030170.

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The seed from the Araucaria araucana (in Spanish, piñon) tree, native to Chile and Argentina, is sold mainly as raw seed. Engineering a process to add value to piñon has the potential to positively impact local indigenous communities with very little ecological impact because it is routinely harvested in the wild. This study evaluated the feasibility of using 100% piñon, or as a blend with barley malt, to produce a beer-like beverage, while also evaluating consumer acceptance of the beverage’s piñon characteristics. Prototypes generated based on 93% piñon and 7% oat (enzymatic treatment of α-amylase, glucoamylase, protease and β-glucanase), as well as 50% piñon and 50% barley (no external enzymatic treatment), were evaluated. Overall acceptability by a consumer acceptance panel (21 consumers) rated the 100% piñon and the piñon–barley malt blend 5/9 and 7/9, respectively. The piñon–barley malt blend prototype stood out for its low level of carbohydrates, high potassium content and banana and clove aromas.

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Acevedo, Elba, and Liliana Cardemil. "Biochemical and immunological characterization of alpha-amylase isoenzymes of Araucaria araucana." Physiologia Plantarum 92, no. 1 (September 1994): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb06666.x.

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Acevedo, Elba, and Liliana Cardemil. "Biochemical and immunological characterization of alpha-amylase isoenzymes of Araucaria araucana." Physiologia Plantarum 92, no. 1 (September 1994): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.920120.x.

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Hizume, Masahiro, and Mayumi Kan. "Fluorescent Banding Pattern of Chromosomes in Araucaria araucana, Araucariaceae." CYTOLOGIA 80, no. 4 (2015): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.80.399.

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Ariel, Hadad Martín, and Roig Juñent Fidel Alejandro. "Sex-related climate sensitivity of Araucaria araucana Patagonian forest-steppe ecotone." Forest Ecology and Management 362 (February 2016): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.049.

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Cabrera Perramón, Jorge, and Marco Antonio Rubilar González. "Pago por servicios ambientales. El caso de la belleza escénica de Araucaria Araucana Mol. Koch." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 14, no. 3 (July 11, 2008): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2008.302.

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Los bosques de Araucaria araucana se encuentran declarados Monumento Natural que prohíbe su corta y comercialización, razón por la cual muchos de estos bosques,principlamente privados y en manos de pequeños propietarios, se encuentran abandonados y en proceso de degradación. Como una forma de buscar nuevos sistemas de protección de la especie, el presente estudio diseña un sistema de pago por servicios ambientales, basado en el servicio de la belleza escénica de la especie que en pequeños parques puede brindar

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35

Mundo, I. A., T. Kitzberger, F. A. Roig Juñent, R. Villalba, and M. D. Barrera. "Fire history in the Araucaria araucana forests of Argentina: human and climate influences." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 2 (2013): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11164.

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Little is known about drivers and trends of historic fire regimes in the Araucaria araucana forests of south-western Argentina. Fire history in these forests was reconstructed by the analysis of 246 fire-scarred partial cross-sections from this fire-resistant tree collected at 10 sites in Neuquén, northern Patagonia. Fire chronologies showed an increase in fire occurrence during the nineteenth century and a sharp decrease since the early twentieth century. The creation of Lanín National Park in 1937, the change in human activities, and the active suppression of wildfires led to a significant increase in mean fire intervals since 1930. In addition to these multidecadal to centennial scale drives of fire frequency, interannual variability in wildfire activity was associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Years of widespread fire are related to negative departures of both Niño 3.4 and Pacific Decadal Oscillation indexes (i.e. La Niña conditions), as well as coincident phases of positive Southern Annular Mode and La Niña events. Temporal variations in the Araucaria fire history in Argentina clearly show the combined effect of human and climate influences on fire regimes. A comparison with previous fire history studies in the Araucaria forests of Chile reveals substantial differences related to differences in human activities on both sides of the Andes and the earlier implementation of protected areas in Argentina.

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Chetverikov, Philipp E., and Radmila U. Petanović. "New observations on early-derivative mite Pentasetacus araucariae (Schliesske) (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) infesting relict gymnosperm Araucaria araucana." Systematic and Applied Acarology 21, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.8.15.

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Chávez, Daniel, Gustavo Rivas, Ángela Machuca, Cledir Santos, Christian Deramond, Ricardo Aroca, and Pablo Cornejo. "Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi to Drought Tolerance in Araucaria araucana Seedlings." Plants 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2023): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12112116.

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In its natural distribution, Araucaria araucana is a plant species usually exposed to extreme environmental constraints such as wind, volcanism, fires, and low rainfall. This plant is subjected to long periods of drought, accentuated by the current climate emergency, causing plant death, especially in its early growth stages. Understanding the benefits that both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and endophytic fungi (EF) could provide plants under different water regimes would generate inputs to address the above-mentioned issues. Here, the effect of AMF and EF inoculation (individually and combined) on the morphophysiological variables of A. araucana seedlings subjected to different water regimes was evaluated. Both the AMF and EF inocula were obtained from A. araucana roots growing in natural conditions. The inoculated seedlings were kept for 5 months under standard greenhouse conditions and subsequently subjected to three different irrigation levels for 2 months: 100, 75, and 25% of field capacity (FC). Morphophysiological variables were evaluated over time. Applying AMF and EF + AMF yielded a noticeable survival rate in the most extreme drought conditions (25% FC). Moreover, both the AMF and the EF + AMF treatments promoted an increase in height growth between 6.1 and 16.1%, in the production of aerial biomass between 54.3 and 62.6%, and in root biomass between 42.5 and 65.4%. These treatments also kept the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm 0.71 for AMF and 0.64 for EF + AMF) stable, as well as high foliar water content (>60%) and stable CO2 assimilation under drought stress. In addition, the EF + AMF treatment at 25% FC increased the total chlorophyll content. In conclusion, using indigenous strains of AMF, alone or in combination with EF, is a beneficial strategy to produce A. araucana seedlings with an enhanced ability to tolerate prolonged drought periods, which could be of great relevance for the survival of these native species under the current climate change.

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Zapata, Mario, María Antonieta Palma, María José Aninat, and Eduardo Piontelli. "Polyphasic studies of new species of Diaporthe from native forest in Chile, with descriptions of Diaporthe araucanorum sp. nov., Diaporthe foikelawen sp. nov. and Diaporthe patagonica sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004183.

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During a survey of fungi in native forests in Chile, several unidentified isolates of Diaporthe were collected from different hosts. The isolates were characterized based on DNA comparisons, morphology, culture characteristics and host affiliation, in accordance with previous descriptions. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region, combined with partial tub2 and tef1 genes, showed that the isolates formed three distinct groups representing three new taxa. The three new species of Diaporthe, Diaporthe araucanorum on Araucaria araucana, Diaporthe foikelawen on Drimys winteri and Diaporthe patagonica on Aristotelia chilensis are described and illustrated in the present study.

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Salinas Valero, Joaquín. "Del Pewén a la Araucaria araucana: fsiología vegetal, ftofarmacología, etnomedicina y ecosistema." Cuadernos Médico Sociales 61, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56116/cms.v61.n1.2021.33.

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40

Céspedes, Carlos L., J. Guillermo Avila, Ana M. Garcıá, José Becerra, Cristian Flores, Pedro Aqueveque, Magalis Bittner, Maritza Hoeneisen, Miguel Martinez, and Mario Silva. "Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch Heartwood Lignans." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2006): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-1-207.

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Abstract Five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4- methyl ether) were isolated from an MeOH extract from Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria Citrobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the white rooting and staining fungi Mucor miehei, Paecilomyces variotii, Ceratocystis pilifera, Trametes versicolor, and Penicillium notatum, and in addition, the MeOH extract was evaluated against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme, F. sporotrichum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most sensitive bacteria against pinoresinol were the Gram-positive. However, secoisolariciresinol exhibited a significant antifungal activity on fungi of white rooting and wood staining and this compound completely inhibited the mycelial growth of T. versicolor and C. pilifera at 300 and 400 μg per disc, respectively, whereas pinoresinol showed a moderate inhibitory activity. On the other hand, the MeOH extract had the highest activity against rooting and staining and pathogenic fungi as well as T. versicolor, Fusarium spp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, inhibiting completely the growth at 400 μg per disc

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41

Riquelme, Alejandro, and Liliana Cardemil. "Peroxidases in the cell walls of seeds and seedlings of Araucaria araucana." Phytochemistry 32, no. 1 (December 1992): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80098-y.

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42

RODRIGUEZ-FLAKUS, PAMELA. "Palicella lueckingii (Lecanorales, Ascomycota), a new lichen species inhabiting Araucaria from the extratropical South America." Phytotaxa 344, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.3.

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Palicella lueckingii is a newly described corticolous lecideoid lichen from the Malalcahuelo National Reserve growing on the bark of Araucaria araucana in Chile. Detailed morphological studies and inference from molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of single gene locus (ITS), clearly indicate that the new species is a member of the recently introduced genus Palicella. Palicella lueckingii is most closely related to P. glaucopa, but clearly differs in having smaller ascospores, comparatively thicker thallus, epruinose apothecia, lack of oil droplets inside of exciple and presence of thiophanic acid as a major metabolite.

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43

Ambreen, Komal, and Anjum Faraz. "Molecular identification of Fusarium spp causing wilt on Araucaria araucana and its management." Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control. 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/pdc/2.30.

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Five sampling sites of evergreen conifer Araucaria araucana subjected to decline symptoms were randomly selected across the Punjab province, Pakistan. The declined plants with needle discoloration, chlorosis, drying, and partial to complete shoot wilt symptoms were sampled. The estimated highest disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) was 51.8% and 70%, respectively. The most frequently obtained fungal isolates were identified as Fusarium sp. on a morphological basis and Koch's postulates were fulfilled. Once after the confirmation of the pathogen, one representative isolate was selected and sequenced for accurate identification. The characterized isolate showed 100% similarity with F. solani. Different bio-control agents, Systemic acquired resistance, and antifungal chemicals were integrated to manage the diseases effectively. The fungal antagonists, including Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum, were evaluated for their antifungal potential. A. niger and T. harzianum showed 71.1% and 55.2% mycelial inhibition, respectively. Among four tested fungicides (Aliette, Topsin M, Tiger, and Amistar), Tiger proved to be the most effective, with 88.8% mycelial suppression over control. For SAR, Salicylic acid (SA) was sprayed @ 1mM, and treated plants showed disease severity of up to 10% compared to fungicide-treated plants. This is 1st comprehensive study on Fusarium solani as the etiological agent of A. araucana and its management from Punjab, Pakistan. Keywords: Evergreen conifer, dioecious, disease assessment, morphogenic, fungal antagonists, antifungal

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44

Moreno-Gonzalez, Ricardo, Thomas Giesecke, and Sonia L. Fontana. "The impact of recent land-use change in the Araucaria araucana forest in northern Patagonia." Holocene 30, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620913918.

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Land-use change in the form of extensive Pinus plantations is currently altering the natural vegetation cover at the forest–steppe ecotone in northern Patagonia. Providing recommendations for conservation efforts, with respect to this recent and earlier land-use changes, requires a longer time perspective. Using pollen analysis, we investigated to what degree the colonization of the area by Euro-American settlers changed the forest composition and the vegetation cover, and to explore the spread of the European weed Rumex acetosella. This study is based on short sediment cores from six lakes in the Araucaria araucana forest region, across the vegetation gradient from the forest to the steppe. Results document that although Araucaria araucana has been extensively logged elsewhere, near the investigated sites, populations were rather stable and other elements of the vegetation changed little with the initiation of Euro-American settlements. A reduction of Nothofagus dombeyi-type pollen occurred at some sites presumably due to logging Nothofagus dombeyi trees, while toward the steppe, Nothofagus antarctica shrubs may have been removed for pasture. The appearance of Rumex acetosella pollen is consistent with the initiation of land use by Euro-American settlers in all cores, probably indicating the onset of animal farming. The rise of the Rumex acetosella pollen curve during the 1950s marks more recent land-use change. These observations indicate that the spread and local expansion of the weed requires disturbance. Overall, the study shows that the initial colonization of the area by Euro-American settlers had little effect on the natural vegetation structure, while developments since the 1950s are strongly altering the natural vegetation cover.

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Barrera, Elizabeth, and Inés Meza. "Características de la epidermis foliar de las Gimnospermas chilena." Boletín Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 42 (December 28, 1991): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54830/bmnhn.v42.1991.408.

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Se describe las características de la epidermis foliar de las especies chilenas de Gimnospe rmas: Araucaria araucana (M o l.) K. Koch; Austrocednis chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizz., Fitzroya cupressoides (Mol.) Jo h n s t., Pilgerodendron uviferun (D. Don) Florin ; Ephedra andina Poepp . ex C.A. Mey., Lepidothanvms fonckii Phil., Podocarpus nubigena Lindl., Podocarpus saligna D. Don , Pnimnopitys andina (Poepp. Ex Endl.) de Laub . y Saxegothaea conspicua Lindl. El tamaño y ubicación de los estomas en la hoja, su distribución en la superficie foliar y la forma como están ordenados, resultan ser los elementos de mayor valor diagnóstico para diferenciar las especies estudiadas.

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Molina, JR, A. Martín, F. Drake, LM Martín, and MA Herrera. "Fragmentation of Araucaria araucana forests in Chile: quantification and correlation with structural variables." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1399-008.

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47

Martín, M. Angela, Claudia Mattioni, Ilaria Lusini, Fernando Drake, Marcello Cherubini, M. Angel Herrera, Fiorella Villani, and Luis M. Martín. "Microsatellite development for the relictual conifer Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) using next-generation sequencing." American Journal of Botany 99, no. 5 (May 2012): e213-e215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100519.

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Papú, S., F. Berli, P. Piccoli, D. Patón, D. R. Ortega Rodriguez, and F. A. Roig. "Physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of Araucaria araucana seedlings to controlled water restriction." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 165 (August 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.005.

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49

Burns, Bruce R. "Fire-Induced Dynamics of Araucaria araucana-Nothofagus antarctica Forest in the Southern Andes." Journal of Biogeography 20, no. 6 (November 1993): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845522.

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50

Butin, H. "Rhizothyrium paraskicum sp. nov. (Coelomycetes), ein Blattparasit auf Araucaria araucana (Mol.) C. Koch." Journal of Phytopathology 115, no. 4 (April 1986): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1986.tb04343.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Araucaria araucana'

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