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Journal articles on the topic 'Arawak art'
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Ndruru, Eferoni, and Taronisokhi Zebua. "Application of Text Message Held in Image Using Combination of Least Significant Bit Method and One Time Pad." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.46401.
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Stenography and security are one of the techniques to develop art in securing data. Stenography has the most important aspect is the level of security in data hiding, which makes the third party unable to detect some information that has been secured. Usually used to hide textinformationThe (LSB) algorithm is one of the basic algorithms proposed by Arawak and Giant in 1994 to determine the frequent item set for Boolean association rules. A priory algorithm includes the type of association rules in data mining. The rule that states associations between attributes are often called affinity analysis or market basket analysis. OTP can be widely used in business. With the knowledge of text message, concealment techniques will make it easier for companies to know the number of frequencies of sales data, making it easier for companies to take an appropriate transaction action. The results of this study, hide the text message on the image (image) by using a combination of LSB and Otp methods.
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Keegan, William F. "The Ecology of Lucayan Arawak Fishing Practices." American Antiquity 51, no. 4 (October 1986): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280868.
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Fishing is a form of predator-prey interaction. As such, the behaviors of fishes can be used to define a restricted range of human behaviors that resulted in their capture. In this report, ecological evidence, fishbone analysis, ethnohistoric reports for the prehistoric Caribbean, experimental fishtrap samples, and ethnographic reports of fishing in other coral waters are brought together in the analysis of prehistoric fishing in the Bahama Archipelago. The analysis is conducted at two levels. First, general fishing strategies are distinguished on the basis of behavioral evidence; and second, specific capture techniques are identified through comparisons with experimental fishtrap samples.
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Gutman, Pamela, Bob Hudson, Kyaw Minn Htin, and Kyaw Tun Aung. "Rock art and artisans in the Lemro Valley, Arakan, Myanmar." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (September 1, 2007): 655–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095648.
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This is a story that will appeal to all scholars involved with the interpretation of rock art. Figures depicted on rock surfaces in jungle terrain patrolled by soldier ants were thought in the nineteenth century to record an otherwise unknown early episode of invasion and resistance – and were widely published as such. A recent survey by a Myanmar-Australian team has made more correct records of the earlier forms and now offers fresh interpretations: the carvings are due to fifteenth-nineteenth century artisans working at quarries producing objects for the town of Mrauk-U, and they evoke local creatures and architectural echoes of the town and temples on which they worked.
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Sari, Tika Puspita. "GAYA TILAWAH JAWI MUHAMMAD YASER ARAFAT." Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni 12, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v12i2.2530.
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ABSTRAKBakat artistik, semangat, dan dukungan sosial dari sekitarnya adalah faktor utama yang membentuk konsistensi Yaser dalam menjalani hidupnya sebagai seorang seniman - pelafalan jawi. Yaser memberikan kontribusi dengan menciptakan karya baru, yaitu membaca Al-Qur’an dengan memasukkan musik Jawa dalam bacaannya tanpa melanggar aturan tajwid. Yaser adalah seniman kreatif sebagai bentuk bentuk baru dan gaya baru dalam seni pembacaan dengan mengubah sistem maqamat arabiyah dengan laras pelog nem.Kata Kunci: Seni; Gaya musik; KreatifABSTRACTArtistic talent, passion, and social support from the surrounding are the main factors which shape Yaser’s consistency in going through his life as artist—tilawah jawi reciter. Yaser gives contribution by creating a new masterpiece, which is reciting Al-Qur’an by infusing Javanese music in his tilawah without breaking the rule of tajwid. Yaser is a creative artist as proven by the creating of new form and new style in the art of Al-Qur’an recitation by changing maqamat arabiyah system with laras pelog nem.Key Words: Artistry; Musical style; Creative
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Mihas, Elena. "El canto chamánico en el rito de curación del Alto Perené (Arawak)." Anthropos 117, no. 1 (2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2022-1-133.
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The study investigates the special characteristics of the performance of a shamanic song that was recorded in the Alto Perené area, Chanchamayo province, Peru, in 2011. The author shows that the Alto Perené Ashéninka singer manipulates ritual language in various ways to differentiate it from the everyday language of Alto Perené Arawaks. The inventory of the singer’s verbal resources includes allusions to the scheme of predation, prosodic microparallelism, and lexical and morphosyntactic manipulations. The singer uses the technique of voice masking to index the interactive character of the performance. It is shown that many characteristics that are reported in ritual discourses throughout the Amazon are implemented in the performance of the Alto Perené singer.
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Abtahian, Maya Ravindranath. "Style, identity and language shift." Language Ecology 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.00007.abt.
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Abstract This study is an examination of style-shifting in the speech of a single interviewer conducting sociolinguistic interviews in Garifuna (Arawak), an endangered language spoken in Belize and along the eastern coast of Central America. It provides a case study of intraspeaker variation in the context of language shift, exploring how the models and principles of intraspeaker variation hold in the social context of language shift scenarios, and framing language shift scenarios as particular contexts of performativity where cultural identity is highlighted. The focus of the paper is on the agentive use of a single phonetic variable in Garifuna as employed by the individual across speech events, as an example of how a linguistic form may become iconized in the context of language shift.
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Ginting, D. A. "Speech Act in Arafat Nur’s Novel Tanah Surga Merah." KnE Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1939.
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Hardt, Hanno. "Jonathan Arakaki Game, Editor." Journal of Communication Inquiry 22, no. 2 (April 1998): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859998022002002.
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Karides, Marina. "Book Review: Consuming the Caribbean: From Arawaks to Zombies." Gender & Society 19, no. 5 (October 2005): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243205276399.
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TURAN KARAOĞLAN, Seçil, and Gökhan GÖKTÜRKLER. "Inversion of Gravity Anomalies by Cuckoo Search Algorithm." Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik 24, no. 72 (September 19, 2022): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2022247210.
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Metasezgisel algoritmalar jeofizik ters çözüm çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılır duruma gelmiştir. Türev tabanlı en iyileme yöntemlerinin aksine, iyi bir başlangıç modeline ihtiyaç duymayan arama algoritmaları parametre uzayını kapsamlı tarama özelliğine sahip olduklarından jeofizikte model parametre kestirimleri için avantaj sağlamaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada, gravite anomalilerinin ters çözümünde guguk kuşu arama algoritması kullanılmıştır. Algoritmanın kullanıcı tanımlı parametre sayısının az olması ve yapılan literatür taramasında doğadan esinlenilerek oluşturulan birçok metasezgisel yönteme göre daha iyi sonuç vermesi, parametre kestirim çalışmasında guguk kuşu algoritmasının kullanılmasını teşvik etmektedir. Gravite belirtisine ait genlik katsayısı, kaynak derinliği, belirti izdüşümü ve şekil faktörleri kestirimi yapılan model parametreleridir. Algoritmaya ait kontrol parametreleri (popülasyon sayısı ve yumurtanın yuvadan atılma olasılığı) ise gürültüsüz kuramsal veri kümesi kullanılarak parametre belirleme çalışmaları (parameter tuning) ile detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmiştir. Sonrasında kontrol parametre çiftinin doğruluğu gürültü içeren veri kümesi üzerinde test edilmiştir. Ardından, Küba’da bir kromit yatağı üzerinde ölçülen arazi verisi ve Kanada’da yer alan bir sülfit cevheri üzerinde ölçülen arazi verisi değerlendirilerek, anomalilere ait model parametreleri kestirilmiştir. Kuramsal ve arazi veri kümelerine ait model parametrelerinin güvenilirliğinin belirlenmesi için, Metropolis-Hasting algoritması kullanılarak, kestirim parametreleri istatistiksel olarak da test edilmiştir. Doğası gereği iyi bir başlangıç modeline ve model parametrelerine göre kısmi türev hesabına ihtiyaç duymayan algoritma, kullanıcı tanımlı iki parametre içermesi sayesinde parametre kestirim çalışmalarında kolaylık sağlamıştır. Yapılan belirsizlik analizleri sonucunda da algoritmanın gravite verilerinin ters çözümünde uygulanabilir bir algoritma olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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Hart, W. A. "Aron Arabai: The Temne Mask of Chieftaincy." African Arts 19, no. 2 (February 1986): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336322.
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AKDENİZ, Alper. "Cinuçen Tanrıkorur'a Ait Bayâtî-Araban Âyîn-î Şerîfi'nin İlk Peşrev, Son Peşrev." Journal of Turkish Studies 13, Volume 13 Issue 10 (January 1, 2018): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.13697.
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Charney, Michael W. "Burma's Lost Kingdoms: Splendours of Arakan (review)." Asian Perspectives 42, no. 1 (2003): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2003.0013.
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Özgüdenli̇, Osman G. "İlhânlı Hükümdarı Ebû Sa'îd Hân'a Ait Dört Yarlıg." Belleten 69, no. 254 (April 1, 2005): 65–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.65.
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Tanınmış şarkiyatçı Bertold Spuler, İlhânlı Devleti siyasi ve idari tarihine dair meşhur eserini 1939 yılında yayımladığı zaman, araştırmacının istifadesinde, çoğu henüz neşredilmemiş durumda olan tarihi kaynaklar ile, İlhânlı hükümdarları Argün ve Olcâytû'nun dış muhaberatıyla ilgili iki mektubu bulunuyordu. Bugün aradan geçen yaklaşık altmış beş yıllık süre zarfında, İlhânlılar devri tarihi kaynaklarının tanıtım ve yayınından başka, inşâ' ve devlet muhasebesiyle ilgili kitaplar ile, o devre ait pek çok orijinal vesikanın varlığının ortaya çıkarılmış olması İlhânlı tarihi araştırmalarına büyük hız kazandırmıştır.
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Fadhila, Cut Hashfi, Kukuh Murtilaksono, and Khursatul Munibah. "ARAHAN PEMENUHAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KOTA BANDA ACEH." TATALOKA 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.1.180-191.
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The earthquake that occurred in Banda Aceh on December 26, 2004, followed by the tsunami along the coastline of the Indian Ocean caused a huge number of casualties and infrastructure destruction including green open space. This article presents the change of Banda Aceh green open space before and after the tsunami, the requirement of Banda Aceh green open space based on vast territory and population, and the development direction of Banda Aceh green open space. The applied method was image interpretation, and classification, analysis of green open space requirement was calculated based on vast territory in accordance with Act No. 26/2007, based on population with green open space requirement standard per capita as in PERMENPU No. 5/PRT/M/2008. Green City Development Program (P2KH) concept which was applied to arrange the development direction of Banda Aceh green open space, and integrated with the land use plan in RTRW of Banda Aceh. The result of green open space wide before and after tsunami analysis showed that even before the tsunami, Banda Aceh green open space still far from sufficient as required of spatial planning constitution (13,92 % of the city area). Right after the tsunami, Banda Aceh green open space was reduced to only remaining about 9,31 % of the city area. Five years later (2010) Banda Aceh green open space was increased to 12,83 % of the city area, and by the year of 2015 Banda Aceh has green open space about 37,51 % of the city area. The requirement of Banda Aceh green open space based on the vast territory is 1.227,18 ha public green open space, and 613,59 ha private green open space, based on total population predicted by 2029 is 687,89 ha. The development direction of Banda Aceh green open space is intensification by increasing the quality of existing green open space and extensification by the acquisition of private land for green open space.
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Barreto, Marco A., Jorge Perez-Gonzalez, Hugh M. Herr, and Joel C. Huegel. "ARACAM: A RGB-D Multi-View Photogrammetry System for Lower Limb 3D Reconstruction Applications." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072443.
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In the world, there is a growing need for lower limb prostheses due to a rising number of amputations caused primarily, by diabetic foot. Researchers enable functional and comfortable prostheses through prosthetic design by integrating new technologies applied to the traditional handcrafted method for prosthesis fabrication that is still current. That is why computer vision shows to be a promising tool for the integration of 3D reconstruction that may be useful for prosthetic design. This work has the objective to design, prototype, and test a functional system to scan plaster cast molds, which may serve as a platform for future technologies for lower limb reconstruction applications. The image capture system comprises 5 stereoscopic color and depth cameras, each with 4 DOF mountings on an enveloping frame, as well as algorithms for calibration, segmentation, registration, and surface reconstruction. The segmentation metrics of dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance (HD) show strong visual similarity with an average similarity of 87% and average error of 6.40 mm, respectively. Moving forward, the system was tested on a known 3D printed model obtained from a computer tomography scan to which comparison results via HD show an average error of ≤1.93 mm thereby making the system competitive against the systems reviewed from the state-of-the-art.
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Deleyto, Celestino. "Aquellas pequeñas cosas: una entrevista con Cesc Gay y Tomás Aragay." Hispanic Research Journal 9, no. 4 (September 2008): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174582008x325113.
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Adnan, Gunawan, Widiarto Widiarto, and Wilaela Wilaela. "THE REALISM OF AESTHETICS AS THE NEAREST IMAGE OF GOD: A Liberated Ideology in the Islamic Aesthetics." Jurnal Ushuluddin 24, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jush.v24i2.1667.
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The measurement of beauty might be a problem when a person claimed about the value of beauty. This had brought the issue of Islamic aesthetics (which was expressed in the works of art), less appreciated and mired in the stagnation for centuries. While in the West, the aesthetic value had been trapped in the dichotomy of subjectivity and objectivity and had led to the relativistic subjectivity by marginalizing metaphysical approach. Polarization of Islamic aesthetics on geometric themes, arabas and calligraphy had put the creativity of Muslim artists in the stocks, even up to the understanding of the aesthetic itself. Iconoclastic of the mainstream of Islamic artistic should have been one option only. As a product of classical thought and compliance, the iconoclastic should have no longer been representing the needs and been existing in the present context. This study was trying to make arguments both longstanding and recent findings. Realism became researchers’ choice, because realism had the richest footing both in the Qur’an and scientific findings. This study expected to break the shell of orthodoxy about the size of aesthetics in the frame of Islam and gave hope to both the perpetrators and the art connoisseur to the ultimate point
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Slomanson, William. "Waldman v. Palestine Liberation Organization (U.S. Ct. App. Second Circuit)." International Legal Materials 57, no. 3 (June 2018): 490–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.24.
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The 2000–2005 al Aqsa Intifada spawned a horrific wave of violence in and near Jerusalem. Numerous individuals and entities were sued in U.S. courts, by both foreign and American victims, relying on a variety of liability theories and statutes. The seminal Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) case was filed in 2007 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York as Sokolow v. Palestine Liberation Organization. It also named the Palestinian Authority (PA) and individuals including Yasser Arafat.
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NEWMAN, JUDIE. "Harry Goulbourne, Caribbean Transnational Experience (London: Pluto and Kingston, Jamaica: Arawak, 2002, £50.00 cloth, £15.99 paper). Pp. 246. ISBN 0 7453 17626, 0 7453 1763 4." Journal of American Studies 37, no. 2 (August 2003): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875803397129.
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Al-Tuhami, Najiya Hussein. "Aesthetics of Tashteer in the Arabian Poem between the Past and the Present." Journal of AlMaarif University College 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v31i2.202.g171.
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Survival and advancement of nations is attributed to their literatures. This is because literatures enable individuals to transcend the material life and be able to visualize the noble meanings and the world of aesthetics. Indeed, a language is the best level of describing self and others as it does not originate from the ego, but rather from the laws of the universe and existence. Moreover, it is not only a lexicon, but also a combination of words, indications, gestures, spaces, and imagery. It is, hence, possible to realize the significance of poetry as a definition of all the previous elements. Tashteer is a type of poetic art where a poet does not invent a new idea but rather adopts the idea of poetry by another poet. The poet follows the meter and rhyme set by the original poet, and thus is not allowed much space for creating a purpose apart from the original one. Therefore, a poet is confined to the predefined purpose and notion in terms of grammatical, syntactic and semantic aspects. The paper focuses on the study of the art of Tashteer of poet Ali al-Deeb who performed Tashteer on the poet of Abi Firaas (Araaka `Asaiyya al-Dam`). The study aims to introduce the art of Tashteer by addressing its practical aspect. The study also uses the descriptive analytical approach to illustrate the strength points of Mushatir (a poet performing Tashteer) and compare his poet with the original one in terms of serving the concept. The study comprises two parts; Part one is for defining the art of Tashteer in the Arabian poetry. Part two includes the analytical study of the poetry under Tashteer. The study concluded several findings including: al-Deeb clearly comprehended the purposes that Abi Firaas had in his poetry. Thus, he was able to have hold of the main notion of the text both linguistically and semantically. He was even able to penetrate into some of the lines and reveal the thoughts.
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Bienkowski, Piotr. "Tribes, Borders, Landscapes and Reciprocal Relations: The Wadi Arabah and its Meaning." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.2007.v20i1.33.
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The Wadi Arabah forms part of the modern political border between Jordan and Israel. The paper explores the polarized ways in which the wadi has been constructed and interpreted within the archaeological and geopolitical discourse. Through a phenomenological analysis of landscape, power and identity, using insights from bedouin poetry, the landscape of the wadi is revealed as emotionally meaningful in its materiality, as a sacred/symbolic, conceptual/socio-political, sensual landscape, a landscape of movement and of memory, absence, loss and abandonment. In this landscape, populated and crossed by many different groups who were not necessarily subject to shared social, institutionalized norms, different groups had different resources, abilities and knowledge which they brought to any encounter with another group, and which were integral to their identity. These encounters developed as reciprocal relationships and negotiations rather than as traditional ‘power relationships’. This helps to explain the longevity of the key aspects of the tribal kingdom model, previously proposed by the author and others; these aspects are rooted in reciprocal relationships based on different resources, ‘power’, and knowledge of the landscape.
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Yücel, Ayşe Berrin, Zeynep Sütoluk, Levent H. Yılmaz, Musin Akbaba, and Necdet Aytaç. "Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil Servisi’ne 2004 Yılında Başvuran ve Adli Vaka Olarak Kayıtlara Geçen Olguların Değerlendirilmesi." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2005103593.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil Servisine başvuran ve adli vaka olarak değerlendirilen olguların demografik özelliklerinin araştırılmasıdır. Kesitsel tanımlayıcı bu araştırma, 2004 yılına ait adli vaka dosyalarının retrospektif olarak taranması ile yapılmıştır. Çocuk acil servisine 2004 yılında toplam 7.922 başvuru olmuş, 589 (%7.4) olgu adli vaka olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Olguların 355’i (%60.3) erkek, 227’si (%38.5) kız olup, aradaki fark anlamlı olup (p < 0.001), olguların ortalama yaşı 69.0 + 45.6 ay idi (alt-üst değer: 1-196 ay). En sık beş başvuru nedeni sırası ile düşme, zehirlenme ya da zehirlenme şüphesi, trafik kazası, yanık ve yabancı cisim batması idi. Olgular en sık yaz, en az sonbahar mevsiminde ve 16:00-24:00 saatleri arasmda acil servise başvurmuştu. Olguların 177’si (%30.1) tedavileri yapıldıktan sonra taburcu edilmiş, 242’si (%41.1) bir servise yatırılmış, 25’i (%4.2) serviste yer olmadığı için başka bir hastaneye sevk edilmiş, 15’i (%2.5) kendi isteği ile, 3’ü (%0.5) ise hastane personeline haber vermeden servisten ayrılmış, 4’ü (%0.7) servise ölü duhul gelmiş, 2’si (%0.3) ise acil serviste ölmüştür. Adli vakalarm büyük kısmı önlenebilir kazalara bağlıdır. Kazaları önlemek mümkün olup, bunun için aile ve toplum eğitimi yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca hizmet verilen her kurumda kayıt tutulması zorunludur. Özellikle adli vakalarda tutulan kayıtlar daha da önemsenmelidir.Anahtar kelimeler: Çocuk acil, adli vaka.
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Wetmore, Kevin J. "World Political Theatre and Performance: Theories, Histories, Practices ed. by Mireia Aragay, Paola Botham, and José Ramón Prado-Pérez." Asian Theatre Journal 39, no. 2 (September 2022): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/atj.2022.0027.
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Massari, Catia Helena de Almeida Lima, Adriano Ferreira Silva, Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães, Dara Rúbia Souza Silva, Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara, and Maria Angélica Miglino. "Using 3D computed tomography in the anatomical description of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of a blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna Linnaeus, 1758) and of a toucan (Ramphastos toco Statius Muller, 1776)." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 14, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2020.14.4.9464.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Computed Tomography to study the anatomy of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of the wild birds. For this purpose, formaldehyde-embalmed specimens of a toucan and of a blue-and-yellow macaw were submitted to a whole-body scan by a 64 slice-Multidetector CT yielding 0,7mm-thick transversally oriented images. These were reconstructed by specific software that produced additional images in dorsal, transversal, and sagittal planes, as well as three-dimensional images, which were obtained by two techniques: Maximum Intensity Projection and Volume Rendering. Our study found that the eye bulbs in the orbit occupy a proportionally large space in the skull, highlighting the important role that vision plays in these animals. CT provided gross anatomic information about the size and shape of the eye, such as lenses and scleral rings of these birds. Regarding the vestibulocochlear organ, CT was less likely to identify the inner ear structures, especially the ones of the membranous labyrinth. The bony semicircular canals were clearly seen and in the middle ear, thecolumellawas identified. Our results demonstrate that the vestibulocochlear organ of birds is less complex than that of mammals, although, as expected, the semicircular canals are very well developed, being adapted to the accurate balance present in these animals.CT can be used as a good technique to evaluate eye and ear structures on these birds, and can be useful to study them in vivofor pathological conditions or for comparisons between different species.
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Bellés, Xavier. "Insectos y arañas en la Historia Naturale de Ferrante Imperato, impresa en Nápoles en 1599." Arbor 163, no. 643-644 (August 30, 1999): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.1999.i643-644.1612.
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Donohue, V. A. "The goddess of the Theban mountain." Antiquity 66, no. 253 (December 1992): 871–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00044793.
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The discovery of a colossal ‘statue group’ in the cliffs at Deir el-Bahri sheds new light on the ways in which pharaonic Egyptians experienced the dynamism of their physical environment, and made appeal to it in validation of royal legitimacy; suggests re-interpretation of the symbolic function of the memorial temple of Queen Hatshepsut; and defines a previously unrecognized tradition in rupestral architecture, spatially distributed from the Arabah to the Sudan.
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Wozniak, Christopher E., Changhan Lee, and Kelly T. Hughes. "T-POP Array Identifies EcnR and PefI-SrgD as Novel Regulators of Flagellar Gene Expression." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 5 (December 29, 2008): 1498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01177-08.
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ABSTRACT The T-POP transposon was employed in a general screen for tetracycline (Tet)-induced chromosomal loci that exhibited Tet-activated or Tet-repressed expression of a fliC-lac transcriptional fusion. Insertions that activated flagellar transcription were located in flagellar genes. T-POP insertions that exhibited Tet-dependent fliC-lac inhibition were isolated upstream of the ecnR, fimZ, pefI-srgD, rcsB, and ydiV genes and in the flagellar gene flgA, which is located upstream of the anti-σ28 factor gene flgM. When expressed from the chromosomal P araBAD promoter, EcnR, FimZ, PefI-SrgD, and RcsB inhibited the transcription of the flagellar class 1 flhDC operon. YdiV, which is weakly homologous to EAL domain proteins involved in cyclic-di-GMP regulation, appears to act at a step after class 1 transcription. By using a series of deletions of the regulatory genes to try to disrupt each pathway, these regulators were found to act largely independently of one another. These results identify EcnR and PefI-SrgD as additional components of the complex regulatory network controlling flagellar expression.
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Woodford, Susan. "(K. W.) Arafat Classical Zeus: a study in art and literature. (Oxford monographs on classical archaeology.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. Pp. xvii + 225, [40] plates, [9] figs. £50.00." Journal of Hellenic Studies 112 (November 1992): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632214.
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Sukesi, Sukesi. "Pemberdayaan Potensi Seni Masyarakat Desa Caruban Kecamatan Kandangan Kabupaten Temanggung Jawa Tengah." Abdi Seni 10, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/abdiseni.v10i1.3035.
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AbstrakPengembangan Potensi Seni Masyarakat Desa Caruban, Kecamatan Kandangan, Kabupaten Temanggung adalah salah satu program pengabdian pada masyarakat tematik yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi seni yang dimiliki suatu daerah. Program pengabdian ini dilatar belakangi oleh potensi desa tersebut terutama potensi seninya, dan juga sosial masyarakat yang berkembang tetapi belum ada suatu arahan yang tersetruktur. Desa Caruban, Kecamatan Kandangan Kabupaten temanggung, adalah salah satu desa yang memiliki berbagai potensi yang berkembang antara lain karawitan, tari, pedalangan dan didukung geliat sosial masyarakat dan pemuda desa. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah mengatasi permasalahan mitra yang terjadi di lapangan, diantaranya adalah kurangnya tenaga pelatih yang memiliki kemampuan praktis dan akademis, untuk menjelaskan dan menciptakan bentuk kesenian baru sebagai alternatif garapan, maupun pembangun karakter bagi siswa-siswa di sekolah dan masyarakat umum. Metode pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan dengan cara pelatihan secara langsung maupun apresiasi bentuk kesenian melalui rekaman audio-visual yang berguna sebagai penambah pengetahuan serta pemacu semangat berkesenian, sekaligus sebagai tawaran terhadap bentuk baru dalam berkesenian yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kepribadian masyarakat Desa Caruban, Kecamatan, Kandangan Kabupaten Temanggung. Adapun hasil luaran dari program pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah pementasan drama tari, karawitan, pengenalan wayang dan membuat desain bank sampah.Kata kunci: Desa Caruban Potensi Kesenian, Drama tari, Pengenalan Wayang, Bank Sampah. AbstractThe Development of Community Art Potential in Caruban Village, Kandangan, Temanggung is one of the service programs for thematic communities that aims to develop the artistic potential of an area. This service program is motivated by the potential of the village, especially its artistic potential, and also the social community that develops but there is no structured direction yet. Caruban is one of the villages that has a variety of developing potentials including karawitan, dance, puppetry and supported by social and community stretching of village youth. The purpose of this service is to overcome the problems of partners that occur in the field, including the lack of trainers who have practical and academic abilities, to explain and create new forms of art as an alternative claim, as well as character building for students in schools and the general public. This dedication method is carried out by providing training by means of hands-on training and appreciation of the art form through audio-visual recordings that are useful as an addition to knowledge and stimulating enthusiasm for the arts, as well as an offer for new forms of art in accordance with the needs and personalities of the people of Caruban . The outputs from the community service program are staging dance dramas, musical performances, introducing puppets and making garbage bank designs.Keywords: Caruban Village Artistic Potential, Dance Drama, Puppet Introduction, Garbage Bank.
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GARCÍA GARCÍA, María Jesús. "Participación ciudadana y normas europeas: un potencial por explotar." RVAP 117, no. 117 (August 1, 2020): 107–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.117.2020.03.
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LABURPENA: Legegintza-egintzen prestaketa arrazionalizatzearen alde egiten duen arautze-politikaren testuinguruan kokatu behar da Europako arauak demokratikoki legitimatzeko herritarrek izango duten parte-hartzea, kontua ez baita lege gehiago egitea, hobeto egitea baizik. Hain zuzen ere, herritarrek arau-ekoizpeneko prozesuetan parte hartzea da “bigarren belaunaldiko erregulazio” horren elementuetako bat. Izan ere, erregulazio horren bidez sortuko diren arauak aldez aurretik planifikatuta egongo dira, eraginkorrak eta efikazak izango dira Europako arauketa behar duten gaietan eragingo dutelako, proiektatzen diren sektorean izango dituzten ondorioak aurreratzen saiatuko dira, eta, indarrean dauden bitartean, etengabe ebaluatuko dira, hobetu daitezkeen edo zaharkituak edo garestiegiak izan daitezkeen edukiak hautemateko. “Legeria adimenduna” deritzona da emaitza, hau da, demokrazia parte-hartzailearen mekanismoak erabiltzen dituena eta bere behar eta helburuetara egokitzen dituena, arauak egiteko prozeduretan integratuz. Lan honetan, mekanismo horiek aztertzen dira, haien eraginkortasun praktikoa eta ordenamendu juridikoan duten eragina baloratzen da, eta agerian uzten dira mekanismo horien eraginkortasun osoa eragozten eta zailtzen duten arazoak eta gabeziak, edo mekanismo horiek sortu zireneko helburu nagusitik aldentzen dituztenak. Horrez gain, lan honetan, mekanismo horien tratamendu juridikoa birformulatzeko proposamenak egiten dira, haien jatorrizko helburura egokitzeko. ABSTRACT: Citizens collaborate with the government in the lawmaking process at an early stage and throughout the life of a legislative act by means of periodic consultations and citizens´ initiatives. This paper focuses on consultation and citizens´ initiatives as the principal mechanisms for participatory democracy in the context of smart regulation lawmaking in the European Union. A regulatory policy based on smart regulation takes the view that legislation and regulations serve the economy and, therefore, legal acts must aim to create conditions capable of boosting national economies and economic growth. Such a regulatory policy is informed by a set of principles which includes transparency, cooperation, accountability, efficiency, effectiveness, participation and openness, and is applicable to both regulatory institutions and regulations. This regulatory approach takes the view that regulations are of better quality when they have been influenced by citizens, and smart regulation results in participatory democracy. RESUMEN: El recurso a la participación ciudadana para legitimar democráticamente las normas europeas ha de situarse en el contexto de una política regulatoria que aboga por racionalizar la elaboración de actos legislativos, considerando que no se trata de legislar más, sino mejor. Precisamente, la participación de los ciudadanos en los procesos de producción normativa es uno de los elementos que caracterizan esta “regulación de segunda generación”, dirigida a la producción de normas cuya aprobación ha sido planificada de antemano, que pretenden ser efectivas y eficaces al incidir sobre cuestiones que realmente necesitan de una regulación europea, que tratan de anticipar sus efectos sobre el sector sobre el que se proyectan, y que están sometidas a un continuo proceso de evaluación durante su vigencia para detectar aquellos contendidos que pueden ser mejorados o que han devenido obsoletos o excesivamente gravosos. El resultado es la llamada “legislación inteligente”, que hace uso de los mecanismos de la democracia participativa y los remodela y adapta a sus necesidades y objetivos, integrándolos en los procedimientos de elaboración de normas. En este trabajo se analizan los citados mecanismos, se valora su eficacia práctica y su repercusión en el ordenamiento jurídico, poniendo de manifiesto los problemas y carencias que impiden y dificultan su completa efectividad o los distraen del objetivo principal para el que fueron concebidos, al tiempo que se realizan propuestas dirigidas a reformular su tratamiento jurídico para adecuarlos a su finalidad primigenia.
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Perdikaki, Katerina. "Film Adaptation as an Act of Communication: Adopting a Translation-oriented Approach to the Analysis of Adaptation Shifts." Meta 62, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040464ar.
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Contemporary theoretical trends in Adaptation Studies and Translation Studies (Aragay 2005; Catrysse 2014; Milton 2009; Venuti 2007) envisage synergies between the two areas that can contribute to the sociocultural and artistic value of adaptations. This suggests the application of theoretical insights derived from Translation Studies to the adaptation of novels for the screen (i.e., film adaptations). It is argued that the process of transposing a novel into a filmic product entails an act of bidirectional communication between the book, the novel and the involved contexts of production and reception. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that context plays in this communication. Context here is taken to include paratextual material pertinent to the adapted text and to the film. Such paratext may lead to fruitful analyses of adaptations and, thus, surpass the myopic criterion of fidelity which has traditionally dominated Adaptation Studies. The analysis uses examples of adaptation shifts (i.e., changes between the source novel and the film adaptation) from the filmP.S. I Love You(LaGravenese 2007), which are examined against interviews of the author, the director and the cast, the film trailer and one film review.
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LAZKANO BROTÓNS, Iñigo. "Los códigos de autorregulación de los contenidos audiovisuales y sus efectos jurídicos." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 1919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.081.
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LABURPENA: Ikus-entzunezko komunikazioari buruzko 7/2010 Lege Orokorrak ikus-entzunezko komunikabideen autoerregulazioa erabat aldatu du. Arau horrek ondorio juridiko esanguratsuak ditu hedabideek prestatzen dituzten autoerregulazioko kode deontologikoetan, oro har, programazioaren edukiari buruzkoak izaten direnetan. Arauak ekarri duen ondoriorik zuzenena da hedabideak administratiboki zigortu daitezkeela, kode horiek betetzen ez badituzte. Horrek askotariko arazo teorikoak eta praktikoak eragiten ditu, legeak ez baitu kode horien prestakuntza eta publizitatea behar beste erregulatzen. Lan honek arazo horiek azaldu eta balizko irtenbideak ematen ditu. RESUMEN: La Ley 7/2010 General de Comunicación Audiovisual ha supuesto un profundo cambio en la concepción de la autorregulación de los medios audiovisuales. Dicha norma atribuye importantes efectos jurídicos a los códigos deontológicos de autorregulación que dichos medios elaboren, los cuales suelen estar referidos, principalmente, al contenido de su programación. La consecuencia más directa de la norma es la posibilidad de sancionar administrativamente a un medio audiovisual por el incumplimiento de dichos códigos. Esto plantea numerosos problemas teóricos y prácticos derivados de la insuficiente regulación que la ley establece respecto a la elaboración y publicidad de dichos códigos, problemas que este trabajo propone exponer y señalar alternativas posibles de solución. ABSTRACT: The General Act 7/2010 on Audiovisual Communication has triggered a deep change in the understanding of the self-regulation of audiovisual media. That norm attributes important legal effects to the deontological codes of self-regulation drafted by those media, that are mainly referred to the content of their programmes. The most direct consequence of the norm is the possibility to impose administrative sanctions to an audiovisual media for the failure to comply with those codes. This raises many theoretical and practical problems that derive from the inadequate regulation established by the Act regarding the drafting and publicity of those codes, problems that this work tries to expose and to identify possible alternatives for a solution.
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Sparkes, B. A. "Images of Zeus K. W. Arafat: Classical Zeus: a Study in Art and Literature. (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology.) Pp. xvii + 225; 9 figs., 40 plates. ;Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. £50." Classical Review 42, no. 01 (April 1992): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00282681.
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QUINTANA LÓPEZ, Tomás. "Los derechos de realojo y retorno. Antecedentes y regulación estatal en el modelo de urbanismo sostenible." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 2517–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.106.
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LABURPENA: Ostatu emateko eta itzultzeko eskubideek badute tradiziorik Espainiako ordenamendu juridikoan, baina dimentsio berri bat eman die lurzoruari buruzko maiatzaren 28ko 8/2007 Legeak, eta batik bat ekainaren 26ko 8/2013 Lege berriagoak, hirien birgaitze, biziberritze etaberrikuntzari buruzkoak. Azken horrek hirigintza berri batean txertatu du eskubide horien araubidea, hiriaren kontserbazioari eta berrikuntzari arreta handiagoa eskainiz hirien hedapenari, hirigintzari eta eraikuntzari baino, oso sustraituak lurzoruaren legegintzan, joan den mendearen erdialdera onartutako lehen hirigintza-legetik hona. Ostatu emateko eta itzultzeko eskubideei buruzko estatu-arauak aztertzen dira lan honetan. RESUMEN: Los derechos de realojo y retorno, que cuentan con alguna tradición en el ordenamiento jurídico español, han adquirido una nueva dimensión en el marco de la renovada legislación de suelo que se pretende iniciar con la aprobación de la Ley 8/2007, de 28 de mayo, de Suelo, de la que constituye un hito fundamental la más reciente Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de Rehabilitación, Regeneración y Renovación Urbanas, ley ésta última que contribuye a insertar el régimen de los mencionados derechos en un urbanismo más atento a la conservación y renovación de la ciudad construida que a la expansión de la misma y, con ella, a los fenómenos urbanizador y edificatorio, que tan arraigados han estado en la legislación del suelo desde la primera ley urbanística española aprobada a mediados del siglo pasado. Las actuales normas estatales reguladoras de los derechos de realojo y retorno son objeto de atención en el presente estudio. ABSTRACT: Rights to rehousing and return, which enjoy some tradition in Spanish legal order, have assumed a new dimension within the updated legislation on land that tries to begin with the enactment of Act 8/2007 of May 28th on Land, a crucial milestone to the more recent Act 8/2013 of June 26th of Urban Restoration, Regeneration and Renovation, act that contributes to include the regime of the aforementioned rights onto a more focused urbanism on conservation and renovation of the built city than on its extension itself, and with it, on the urban and constructing phenomena, which have been so ingrained in the land legislation from the first spanish urban act enacted halfway the past century. The current State provisions that regulate rights to rehousing and return are object of attention by this study.
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Karak, Anirban. "Book Review: Thibaut D’hubert, In the Shade of the Golden Palace: Ālāol and Middle Bengali Poetics in Arakan." South Asia Research 39, no. 3_suppl (October 21, 2019): 96S—98S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019874536.
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FERNÁNDEZ DE GATTA SÁNCHEZ, Dionisio. "Regulación de la obtención de gas no convencional mediante la técnica de fractura hidráulica: situación en la Unión Europea y en España." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 1369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.056.
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LABURPENA: Gas ez-konbentzionalaren esplorazioa eta erauzketa, haustura hidraulikoaren bidez, eztabaida biziko gaia da gaur egun, Estatu Batuetan izandako garapena eta ingurumen-eragina oinarri hartuta. Eztabaida hori Europar Batasunera eta Espainiara heldu da, eta batzuetan debekuzko jarrerak hartu dira. Lan honetan, Europar Batasunak gai horretan egindako ekintzak aztertzen dira, bai eta aplika daitezkeen arau espezifikoak eta ingurumen-arauak ere. Halaber, horrelako eragiketei aplika dakiekeen Espainiako legedia aztertzen da, hauek nabarmentzen direla: Hidrokarburoen sektorearen Legearen aldaketako xedapen zehatza, 2013ko Ingurumen-ebaluaziori buruzko Lege berria, eta Konstituzio Auzitegiaren 2014ko epaiak (Estatuaren eskumenak berresten dira epai horietan). RESUMEN: La exploración y la extracción de gas no convencional mediante fracturación hidráulica es objeto de un intenso debate en la actualidad, sobre la base del desarrollo producido en los Estados Unidos y de su incidencia ambiental. Debate que se ha trasladado a la Unión Europea y a España, con actitudes prohibitivas en algunos casos. El trabajo analiza la actuación de la Unión Europea en la materia y las normas específicas y ambientales aplicables, así como la legislación española aplicable a tales operaciones, resaltando la previsión expresa en la modificación de la Ley del Sector de Hidrocarburos y nueva Ley de Evaluación Ambiental de 2013, así como las Sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional de 2014 reafirmando las competencias del Estado. ABSTRACT: Exploration and extraction of unconventional gas through fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is the subject of intense debate today on the basis of development produced in the United States and its environmental impact. Debate has been transferred to the European Union and Spain, with attitudes prohibitive in some cases. The paper analyzes the performance of the European Union in the field and the specific and applicable environmental standards, as well as the Spanish legislation applicable to such transactions, highlighting the express provision in the modification of the Hydrocarbons Sector Act and new Environmental Assessment Act of 2013, as well as the judgments of the Constitutional Court in 2014 reaffirming the powers of the State.
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Aziz, Azhar Abdul. "The Burden of Terrorism in Malaysia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000856.
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AbstractIn the peace-loving, moderate and progressive country of Muslim-dominated Malaysia, violence generally is alien to the culture. Terrorism initially took shape during the post-independence, communist era by jungle recalcitrant actions. In recent years, this has been superceded by a more internationally related trend of violence. Only very few incidents were based locally, while the majority were linked to international groups or organizations abroad, including the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM), Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).Kidnapping with ransom seemed to have been the most commone modus operandi, while killing and robbery accounted for very few of these incidents. The number of victims in each event so far has been small, and smaller for those physically harmed or killed. This pattern of terrorist attacks suggests that the current level of provision of emergency medical services is sufficient to handle such incidents. Recent advances in local emergency medicine also have witnessed the establishment of various teaching and training modules, a pivotal role played by university hospitals and supported by the Ministry of Health.However, the spate of ongoing events of mass destruction such as the conflict in Israel/Palestine, wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the World Trade Center and Pentagon tragedies of 11 September 2001, and the Bali bombing in Indonesia, remain as great concerns to Malaysians. Both the government and the people of Malaysia abhor such unjustified uses of terror, and take every measure to curtail them. The National Security Council policies of Arahan No. 18 and Arahan No. 20 detail specific roles and responsibilities of various agencies in managing terrorism and disasters respectively, while the use of the stern Internal Security Act that allows indefinite detention without trial, evidently has been an efficient intelligence and security apparatus.With more recent developments of terrorist events regionally and globally, Malaysia continues to face an ongoing threat from such activities. Various measures have been and will be actively undertaken both by government and non-governmental agencies in facing these challenges.
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İMAMOĞLU, İbrahim Hakkı. "Baal Kelimesinin Semantik Geçmişi ve Kur’ân’daki Yahudi Kıssalarına Dair Teklifler." Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR] 7, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 1052–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1196428.
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Baal, Tevrat’ta birçok yerde anlatılan Mezopotamya mitolojilerinde geçen paganist efsanesi olup, Kur’ân’da farklı formlarında karşılık bulmuş bir kelimedir. Kur’ân’ın mesajını üzerine inşâ ettiği kelime rezervinde yer almış ve aile hukukunu içeren âyetlerdeki anahtar kavramlar arasındadır. Saffat 125. âyeti, Hûd 72. âyeti olmak üzere Mekkî; Nisâ 128. âyeti, Nûr suresi 31. âyeti ve Bakara sûresi 228. âyeti olmak üzere Medenî âyetlerde geçmektedir. Bu âyetlerden Saffat suresi 125. âyette İsrailoğullarının inançlarındaki paganist bir kültün adı, diğer âyetlerde eş/koca anlamındadır. Bu şekilde put-koca eşleştirilmesini çağrıştıracak bir kullanım, müşkilu’l-Kur’ân’ın konusudur. Hem bir putun adı hem de aile hukuku içerisinde yer alan eş/koca olması aynı Sami dil ailesine ait olmasıyla ve dolayısıyla linguistik bir geçişle açıklanabilir. Semantik olarak eş, koca, efendi, yağmur yağmayan yer, bir hurma cinsinin ismi anlamlarında İslâm’dan önce cahiliye dönemi şiirlerinde geçen Baal, müşterek lafız kabul edilmiştir. Bütün Mezopotamya’da, Petra’da ve Mısır panteonlarındaki mitolojik kültü içinde yer alan Baal, antik tarım toplumlarında bulunmaktadır. Yağmur yağdıran, suyu kontrol eden, rüzgârın efendisi, kızdığında kuraklık veren bir imgedir. Simgesi yine tarım toplumlarında önemi büyük sığır/öküzdür. Vahyin nazil olduğu Mekke ve Medine bir tarım toplumu değildir. Bu sebepten Arabistan çöllerindeki paganist imgelerden birisi değildir. Bu sebeple Kur’ân, Sami kavimlerini kasıp kavuran Baal imgesini tevhidin karşısında doğrudan bir konu edinmemiştir. Buna karşın Baal kültü ve onun simgesi boğa, Tevrat’ta kendine geniş yer bulmuş tevhit inancının karşısındaki en büyük sorundur. Bunun sebebini İbrânilerin Mezapotamya’da yaptıkları yolculuklarında aramak gerekir. Kur’ân’da İsrailoğullarının kıssalarında bahsi geçen (الْعِجْلَ) I’cl, (بَقَرَةٌ) Bakara ve Hıtta (حِطَّةٌ) gibi kelimelerle semiyolojik bir ilgi söz konusudur. Tarihi arka planda İsrailoğullarının imtihanları Baal’e işaret etmektedir.
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Febriyanti, Igwanda Kurnia, Mitra Istiar Wardhana, and Arif Sutrisno. "Perancangan Buku Cerita Bergambar untuk Anak tentang Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kegiatan Sehari-hari." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 1291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i92021p1291-1309.
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Abstract: Picture storybooks are interesting visual media that can help provide and obtain information more easily because there are visual images and descriptions. This book is designed to invite children to recognize good and bad deeds and also to understand what its consequences are. This book presents a child who is given direction by his parents about the benefits and consequences of actions and deeds that they take. The purpose of making the book is expected for anyone who reads to understand the meaning of the message conveyed in the book and can be applied to become a good habit as the initial foundation for character development in children. In the design using the procedural method with reference to the Glass box model. The stages start from ideas and concepts, collecting the required data, then data analysis, followed by pre-production, production and post-production stages. The main media result is a color book with a size of 19x19 cm consisting of 26 pages and 2 pages as covers, using 150 gram art paper. The design also produces supporting media in the form of Instagram content feeds and GIF stickers that can be accessed on Instagram stories and direct messages. Keywords: Media, Picture Storybook, character education Abstrak: Buku Cerita Bergambar merupakan salah satu media visual yang menarik dan dapat membantu untuk memberikan dan memperoleh informasi lebih mudah karena terdapat visual gambar beserta deskripsinya. Buku ini dirancang untuk mengajak anak-anak mengenal perbuatan baik dan juga pemahaman apa akibat dan konsekuensi perbuatan tidak baik. Buku ini menyajikan seorang anak yang diberikan arahan oleh orang tuanya tentang apa manfaat dan akibat dari perbuatan, tindakan yang akan dia ambil. Tujuan pembuatan buku diharapkan bagi siapa saja yang membaca dapat mengerti maksud pesan yang disampaikan pada buku dan dapat diterapkan menjadi suatu kebiasaan baik sebagai pondasi awal pembekalan karakter pada anak. Dalam perancangan menggunakan metode prosedural dengan acuan model Glass box. Tahapan-tahapan dimulai dari ide dan konsep, pengumpulan data-data yang dibutuhkan, kemudian analisis data, dilanjutkan dengan tahap pra-produksi, produksi dan tahap pasca-produksi. Hasil media utama berupa buku berwarna dengan ukuran 19x19 cm terdiri dari 26 halaman dan 2 halaman sebagai sampul, menggunakan kertas art paper 150 gram. Pada perancangan juga menghasilkan media pendukung berupa feed konten Instagram dan stiker GIF yang dapat diakses pada instastory dan direct message Instagram. Kata kunci: media, buku cerita bergambar, pendidikan karakter
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Ghifari, Muhammad, Anni Kholilah, and Miftahun Naufa. "PENGENALAN LUKIS KACA SEBAGAI MEDIA HIAS DAN CENDERA MATA PADA SISWA-SISWI SMA N 1 KOTA JANTHO." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v10i1.21107.
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Everyone who likes beauty is beauty that is naturally created or that is created from human work. However, not everyone knows how to create beauty from the objects around them. How to turn a simple object into something that is more attractive, more beautiful and even has a sale value. The activity of introducing Glass Painting as a decorative medium and souvenirs will certainly hone the creativity of SMA N 1 Jantho City students. The introduction of glass painting trains students to be creative in processing the natural resources around them. From objects made of glass that are not used, they are given a touch of art and polished in such a way that they become works and art products that can later become souvenirs. It does not stop with the introduction and manufacture of glas painting, students are given directions and an understanding of how to make these works of art can have economic value. The products produced in this activity are expected to be marketed as a typical souvenir of the City of Jantho.Keywords: painting, glass, decorative media, souvenirs. AbstrakSetiap orang menyukai keindahan baik itu keindahan yang tercipta secara alami maupun yang diciptakan dari hasil karya manusia. Namun tidak setiap orang tahu bagaimana cara menciptakan keindahan dari benda-benda yang ada disekitarnya. Bagaiman cara menyulap sebuah benda sederhana menjadi sesuatu yang lebih menarik, lebih indah bahkan memiliki nilai jual. Kegiatan pengenalan Lukis Kaca sebagai media hias dan cendera mata tentu akan dapat mengasah kreatifitas siswa-siswi SMA N 1 Kota Jantho. Pengenalan seni lukis kaca melatih siswa-siswi untuk dapat kreatif mengolah sumber daya alam yang ada disekitar mereka. Dari benda-benda berbahan kaca yang sudah tidak terpakai diberi sentuhan seni dan dipoles sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi sebuah karya dan produk seni yang nantinya dapat menjadi cendera mata. Tidak berhenti sampai pengenalan dan pembuatan lukis kaca, siswa siswi diberikan arahan dan pemahaman bagaimana caranya menjadikan karya seni tersebut dapat memiliki nilai ekonomis. Produk yang dihasilkan pada kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat dipasarkan sebagai cendera mata khas Kota Jantho Kata Kunci: lukis, kaca, media, cendera mata. Authors: Muhammad Ghifari : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia AcehAnni Kholilah : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia AcehMiftahun Naufa : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia AcehReferenes: Azis, A. C. K. (2017). Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Karya Seni Rupa di Kecamatan Deli Tua. BAHAS, 28(3). 268-272. https://doi.org/10.24114/bhs.v28i3.10077.Ghifari, Muhammad. (2020). “Kegiatan Pengabdian Seni Rupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 2020, SMA N 1 Kota Jantho.Marchanda, Fajar. (2020). “Kegiatan Pengabdian Materi Seni Rupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 2020, SMA N 1 Kota Jantho.Naufa, Miftahun. (2020). “Kegiatan Pengabdian Seni Rupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 2020, SMA N 1 Kota Jantho.Putra, P. D., Lisyanto, L., Azis, A. C. K., & Zainal, A. (2019). Rekayasa Bahan Makanan dari Singkong Dalam Mensejahterakan Perekonomian Masyarakat di Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 25(3), 172-175. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v25i3.15396.Susanto, Mikke. (2002). Diksi Rupa Kumpulan Istilah Seni Rupa. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
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Sidebottom, Harry. "K. Arafat, Pausanias' Greece: Ancient Artists and Roman Rulers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xvi + 246, 1 map. ISBN 0-521-55340-7. £37.50." Journal of Roman Studies 90 (November 2000): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300235.
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Pattie, David. "Mireia Aragay, Hildegaard Klein, Enric Monforte, Pilar Zozaya, ed. British Theatre of the 1990s: Interviews with Directors, Playwrights, Critics, and AcademicsBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 224 p. £45.00. ISBN: 978-0-230-00509-9." New Theatre Quarterly 24, no. 2 (May 2008): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x08000201.
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Diajeng Monik Wulandari and Ika Ernawati. "PERAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING TERHADAP PERENCANAAN KARIR PADA SISWA KELAS XII SMA NEGERI 3 BANTUL." G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling 7, no. 01 (December 24, 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v7i01.4367.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru bimbingan dan konseling terhadap perencanaan karir pada siswa dan mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung terhadap perencanaan karir pada siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 3 Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari guru bimbingan dan konseling dan perwakilan siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Bantul. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara, metode observasi dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan pengecekan keabsahan data dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru bimbingan dan konseling berperan terhadap perencanaan karir pada siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 3 Bantul, melalui kegiatan bimbingan klasikal, konseling individu dan kelompok serta layanan informasi. Guru bimbingan dan konseling juga secara berkala mengamati siswa dan mendata kelanjutan studi siswa alumni sebagai rekam jejak siswa yang berguna untuk perencanaan karir, koordinasi juga dilakukan dengan pihak sekolah, Universitas, alumi siswa dan orang tua atau wali siswa. Faktor pendukung untuk perencanaan karir pada siswa, yaitu kesadaran dan semangat juang siswa, arahan dan bimbingan guru bimbingan dan konseling, sarana dan prasarana sekolah yang memadai, program sekolah seperti studi kampus, education fair dan Achievement Motivation Training (AMT) serta peran orang tua dan keluarga yang peduli dalam perencanaan karir.
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REBOLLO PUIG, Manuel. "Responsabilidad de los autores de las infracciones y de los partícipes." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 2565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.108.
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LABURPENA: Legeren batek besterik xedatu ezean, zentzu hertsian arau-hausteak egin dituztenak bakarrik dira erantzule. Mugatu egiten da egiletza-aukera in eligendo edo in vigilando errua dela-eta, bai eta bermatzailearen figura zabal erabiltzea ere. Erantzule izan daitezke beste parte-hartzaile batzuk, legeak ezarritakoa betez, eta, horri dagokionez, «eransgarritasun mugatuaren» irizpidea bete behar da. Subjektu jakin batzuk arau-hausteen erantzuletzat zerrendatzen dituzten lege-arauak onargarriak dira soilik baldin eta murriztu egiten badute erantzuleen esparrua arau-haustea egiten laguntzeko erruzko portaera izan dutenen artean. RESUMEN: Salvo que una ley disponga otra cosa, sólo son responsables de las infracciones sus autores en sentido estricto. Se restringe la posibilidad de autoría por culpa in eligendo o in vigilando, así como la utilización amplia de la figura del garante. Pueden ser responsables otros partícipes en virtud de previsión legal; y debe acogerse a este respecto el criterio de la «accesoriedad limitada». Las normas legales que enumeran una serie de sujetos como responsables de infracciones sólo son admisibles en la medida en que reduzcan el ámbito de responsables de entre los que hayan incurrido en una conducta culpable de contribución a la infracción. ABSTRACT: Save as otherwise provided by one Act, the responsibles of the infractions are only their authors. The authorship for blame in eligendo or in vigilando is restricted, together with the broad use of the institution of the guarantor. They can be responsibles other participants under legal provision and it had to be admitted in this regard the criteria of “limited accessory”. The legal norms that list series of subjects as responsibles of the infractions can only be acceptable to the extent that they reduce the ambit of responsibles among those that had engaged in a fault that contributed to the infraction.
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Rahmawati, Putri. "PERANCANGAN MOTIF PINSTRIPE DENGAN TEKNIK BATIK TULIS UNTUK ROMPI LADY BIKERS MOTOR KUSTOM." Ornamen 17, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/ornamen.v17i2.3690.
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ABSTRAKPerancangan ini dilakukan sebagai sebuah reaksi terhadap fenomena-fenomena sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Fenomena tersebut yaitu keberadaan kustom kulture sebagai suatu budaya dari luar negeri yang berkembang di Indonesia. Kustom kulture adalah subkultur gerakan kustomisasi kendaraan/ angkutan pribadi bermotor yaitu mobil dan sepeda motor.Batik dan kustom kulture pun mengalami persinggungan, salah satu bentuk persinggungan tersebut yakni motif batik dijadikan sumber ide untuk kostumisasi kendaraaan misalnya pada motor kustom bernama Kyai Perkoso milik Lulut Wahyudi.Perancangan ini hadir untuk mewarnai interaksi-interaksi serupa. Arahan produk sebagai rompi adalah sebuah stimulus untuk menarik atensi lebih banyak antara kustom kulture terhadap batik terutama sebagai busana. Bahan yang digunakan adalah baby canvas. Desain panel pola diterapkan sebagai teknis penyusunan motif untuk mendukung karakteristik pinstripe. Kata Kunci : pinstripe, kustom kulture, batik, rompi lady bikers ABSTRACTPutri Rahmawati. C0914034. 2019. Pinstripe Art as an Inspiration in Making Batik Pattern for Lady Bikers Vest.The design is carried out as a reaction to the social phenomenon that occurs in society. The phenomenon of kustomkulture existence as a subcultures that roots from abroad and its interaction with batik. Kustomkulture is a subcultures which is refers to customization of private motorized vehicle. The dynamic of its movement in Indonesia has recognized by the government as a product of creative industry sector.Kustomkulture community has interaction experienced on batik. Batik as a pattern has been seen as one of their ideas for customizing a motorcycle named Kyai Perkoso by LulutWahyudi.The design is presented to colourize similar interactions between batik and kustomkulture. By taking a form of vest, the product is a expected to become a stimulant in attracting more attention of people to kustomkulture towards batik as a fashion. Baby canvas fabric is used. Panel pattern design also used for support pinstripe characteristics. Keywords : pinstripe, kustom kulture, batik, lady bikers vest
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ENÉRIZ OLAECHEA, Francisco Javier. "La tipología de las entidades locales y las fórmulas institucionales de intermunicipalidad." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 107-II (April 28, 2017): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.2.06.
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LABURPENA: Azterlan honetan Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Lege berrian aipatutako toki-entitate motak zerrendatu eta aztertu dira. Hala, sakon aztertu dira EAEko udalerriak, Arabako kontzejuak, mankomunitateak, zerbitzuen ermandadeak, Arabako kuadrillak, udalerria baino lurralde-eremu txikiagoko erakundeak, metropolialdeak, eskualdeak, beste tokiko erakunde batzuk eta, azkenik, partzuergoak —toki-entitate gisa sailkatzen ez badira ere—. Bidenabar, lege honen ezaugarri nagusi diren notak deskribatu dira, toki-erakundeen tipologiari dagokionez: tokiko autonomia indartzea tokiko «gobernu» gisa, udalerria oinarrizko tokiko erakunde gisa, arloan lurralde historikoen foru-eskumenak errespetatzea, eta, horrenbestez, tokiko entitate historikoena (bereziki Arabakoak), aztertutako tipologiaren puntu zehatz honetan estatuko oinarrizko legedia errespetatzea, lehenagotik existitzen zen tokiko mapari eustea, zerbitzu publikoak modu bateratuan kudeatzearen aldeko apustua, erakundeen arteko lankidetza-sarean eta lankidetza-hitzarmenetan oinarritutako etorkizuna, kudeaketarako formula errazago eta eraginkorragoak diren aldetik etab. RESUMEN: En este estudio se relacionan y analizan los distintos tipos de entidades locales que menciona la reciente Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi. Así, se profundiza en el estudio de los municipios vascos, los concejos alaveses, las mancomunidades, las hermandades de servicios, las cuadrillas alavesas, las entidades locales de ámbito inferior al municipio, las áreas metropolitanas, las comarcas, otras entidades locales y, finalmente, aunque no se califiquen como tales entidades locales, los consorcios. Asimismo, se describen las notas que caracterizan esta ley en lo que se refiere a la tipología de las instituciones locales: la potenciación de la autonomía local como «gobierno» local, el municipio como entidad local básica, el respeto de las competencias forales de los territorios históricos en la materia y, por tanto, de las entidades locales históricas (en particular, las de Araba), el respeto de la legislación básica del Estado en este punto concreto estudiado de la tipología, el mantenimiento del mapa local preexistente, la apuesta por la gestión compartida de servicios públicos, el futuro basado en la red de cooperación interinstitucional y en los convenios de colaboración como fórmulas más sencillas y eficaces de gestión, etcétera. ABSTRACT: In this study the different types of local entities mentioned in the recent Act on Local Entities of Euskadi are associated and analyzed. Thus, we deep into the study of the Basque municipalities, councils from Alava, municipal associations, the brotherhoods of services, the Cuadrillas from Alava, minor local entities, the metropolitan areas, the counties, and other local entities and finally, although they are not qualified as local entities, the consortiums. Likewise, they are described the issues that characterise this act as far as the typology of local entities is concerned: the enhancement of local autonomy as local «government», the municipality as a basic local entity, the respect to foral competences by the historic territories in that area and accordingly the historic local entities (particularly in Alava), the respect by the basic State legislation in that particular point studied in the typology, the preservation of the pre-existing local map, the commitment for a shared management of public services, the future based on the inter institutional cooperation network and on the collaboration agreements as a more simple and efficient formula for management, etc...
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GUTIÉRREZ HERNÁNDEZ, MARÍA JOSÉ, and IGNACIO PÉREZ DAPENA. "LOS SUPUESTOS DE EXENCIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS TITULARES DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LA LEGISLACIÓN DEL PAÍS VASCO." RVAP 81, no. 81 (August 1, 2008): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.81.2008.12.
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El artículo analiza diversas cuestiones relativas al régimen jurídico de los suelos contaminados y en particular a los supuestos en los que sus titulares deben asumir las operaciones de limpieza y recuperación y el alcance temporal de esta obligación. Al no ser la regulación legal lo suficientemente clara, son muchas las dudas planteadas en la práctica y las opiniones doctrinales contrapuestas. Sin embargo, existen recientes normas autonómicas, como
las dictadas en el País Vasco, que han suavizado el rigor de la legislación estatal al introducir importantes matizaciones a la obligación de los propietarios de asumir las operaciones de recuperación cuando la contaminación proceda de actividades realizadas en el pasado bajo la preceptiva licencia o conforme al estado de la ciencia entonces existente. Esta tendencia se ha visto confirmada por la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental, cuyo ámbito de aplicación es parcialmente coincidente con el de la regulación de los suelos contaminados. Lan honek kutsatutako lurzoruen araubide jurudikoaren inguruko zenbait gai aztertzen du, bereziki, kutsatutako lurzoru horien titular diren pertsonek garbiketa eta berreskuraketa lanak bere gain hartu behar dituzten kasuak eta betebehar horren denbora edukia. Legezko araubidea ez denez desiragarria litzatekeen bezain argia, asko dira praktikan sortutako zalantzak eta asko ere bai doktrinaren iritzi kontrajarriak. Halaber, azkenaldian ugari dira erkidego mailako arauak, besteak beste Euskal Herrian emandakoak, arestian lizentzia baten babespean edota orduko zientziaren egoerarekin bat etorriz buruturiko jardueren ondorioz jabeek bere gain hartu behar dituzten berreskuratze lanak egiteko betebeharra ezartzen duen
estatuko araudiaren zorroztasuna leundu dutenak. Kutsatutako lurzoruen araudiarekin partzialki bat datorren Ingurugiroaren arloko Erantzunkizuna ezartzen duen Legea berriak joera hori berretsi du. The article analyzes several aspects of the regulation of contaminated land and, in particular, the situations in which owners must carry out cleaning and recovery tasks and the temporal scope of these obligations. The lack of clarity in the regulations has raised many questions and opened various debates. However, recently passed regional legislation, such as that of the Basque Country, has reduced the severity of the State legislation by introducing important modifications to owners¿ clean-up obligations when the contamination has been caused by activities that were carried out under license or were «state of the art» at that time. This tendency has been confirmed by the Environmental Liability Law, which also applies to
some of the matters regulated by the legislation on contaminated land.
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LUCAS MURILLO DE LA CUEVA, ENRIQUE. "DE NUEVO SOBRE LA IMPUGNACIÓN DE LAS DISPOSICIONES Y RESOLUCIONES AUTONÓMICAS ANTE EL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL." RVAP 78, no. 78 (August 1, 2007): 185–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.78.2007.06.
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La presunción de legitimidad de las leyes, estatales y autonómicas, que consagra la constitución implica que no puedan ser suspendidas cuando son objeto del recurso o de la cuestión de inconstitucionalidad. No obstante, la ley orgánica del tribunal constitucional ha permitido que las leyes autonómicas queden automáticamente suspendidas cuando el impugnante sea el gobierno, a través de su presidente, e invoque el artículo 161.2 Ce. Tal posibilidad carece de fundamento constitucional, fuerza las reglas sobre la legitimación activa que contiene el artículo 162.1 A) ce y es lesiva para el derecho a la autonomía. Aunque la jurisprudencia del tribunal constitucional ha moderado los negativos efectos de la suspensión, es preciso que la lotc se ajuste a la constitución y se restrinja la aplicación del artículo 161.2 Ce a las disposiciones infralegales y las resoluciones de los órganos autonómicos. Así se deduce de la interpretación sistemática de la constitución. Konstituzioak estatuko eta autonomietako legeei ematen dien legezkotasun-presuntzioaren eraginez, lege horiek ezin dira indargabetu haien aurka helegite bat aurkezten denean edo inkonstituzionalitateko auziren bat dagoenean. Dena den, konstituzio auzitegiko lege organikoak (kalo) kasu baten bide eman du autonomietako legeak automatikoki indargabetzeko, hain zuzen, aurkaratzailea gobernua denean (presidentearen bitartez) eta espainiako konstituzioko (ek) 161.2 artikuluari heltzen dionean. Aukera horrek ez du oinarri konstituzionalik, espainiako konstituzioko 162.1 A) artikuluko legezkotasun aktiboari buruzko arauak bortxatzen ditu, eta kaltegarria da autonomiaeskubidearentzat. Konstituzio auzitegiak indargabetze horren ondorio negatiboak leundu baditu ere, beharrezko da kalo konstituzioaren arabera moldatzea, eta ek 161.2 artikuluaren aplikazioa mugatzea, artikulu horri legez azpiko sailkapena emanez. Hori da konstituzioaren interpretazio sistematikotik ondorioztatzen dena. The presumption of legitimacy of state and autonomous communities¿ acts as stated by the constitution implies that they cannot be suspended when they are challenged by means of an appeal on the grounds of unconstitutionality or by means of a preliminary question brought by a judicial organ on the same grounds. Nevertheless, the constitutional court organic act allowed the automatic suspension of acts enacted by the autonomous communities when being challenged by the government, by means of its president, article 161.2 of the constitution was invoked. That option lacks of constitutional basis, it distorts the rules on legal standing as stated by article 162.1.A and it damages the right of autonomy. Although the constitutional court case law has tempered the negative effects of suspension, it is necessary that the constitutional court organic act abides to the constitution and that the application of article 161.2 is restricted to infralegal provisions and to the resolutions of the bodies of the autonomies. That is inferred from a systematic interpretation of the constitution.
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VELASCO CABALLERO, FRANCISCO. "REGLAMENTOS GUBERNATIVOS Y NORMAS MUNICIPALES." RVAP 81, no. 81 (August 1, 2008): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.81.2008.05.
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De la garantía constitucional de autonomía local deriva el poder de dictar normas por las entidades locales. Esas normas están sometidas jerárquicamente a la ley, estatal o autonómica. Pero la Constitución no determina la posición institucional de las normas locales respecto de los reglamentos gubernativos, del Estado o de cada Comunidad Autónoma. Es la ley, caso a caso, quien determina la posición de las normas locales en cada materia. De acuerdo con el Derecho positivo y la jurisprudencia, la articulación de normas locales y reglamentos gubernativos puede ser mediante criterios de jerarquía (superioridad del reglamento), competencia (asignación de un ámbito específico de regulación a cada tipo de norma infralegal) o simple primacía aplicativa (preferencia aplicativa del reglamento o norma local, en caso de concurrencia). A falta de una regulación legal expresa se puede considerar que el art. 4.1 a) LBRL ha optado por la primacía aplicativa de la norma local. Konstituzioak bermatzen duen toki-autonomiatik dator toki-erakundeek arauak emateko duten ahalmena Arau horiek, hierarkia aldetik, legearen mende daude, estatukoa edo autonomikoa. Baina Konstituzioak ez du zehazten toki-arauen maila instituzionala gobernuarautegien aldean, horiek Estatuarenak edo Autonomia Erkidegoarenak izan. Legea da kasuan kasuko toki-arauen maila zehazten duena, gai bakoitzean. Zuzenbide positiboaren eta jurisprudentziaren arabera, toki-arauen eta gobernu-arautegien arteko artikulazioa irizpide hauen bidez egin daiteke: Hierarkia (arautegiaren nagusitasuna), eskumena (arautzeko esparru espezifikoa ematea lege azpiko arau mota bakoitzari) edo aplikatzeko lehentasuna (araudia edo toki-araua aplikatzeko lehentasuna, konkurrentzia dagoenean). Berariazko araubiderik ez badago, kontuan har daiteke toki-araubidearen oinarrien Legeak toki-araua aplikatzeko lehentasuna hobesten duela. The constitutional guarantee of autonomy in local government legislation includes the passing of rules and byelaws by the local authorities. These rules are hierarchically submitted to parliamentary Acts of the State or Autonomous Communities. Yet the Constitution does not establish, in general terms, the institutional position of these rules with regard to State or regional delegated legislation. Parliamentary Acts, case by case, determine them.
Different criteria can be used in the articulation of State or regional delegated rules, on the one hand and local council byelaws on the other: Hierarchy superiority of State or regional delegated rules, competence (allocation of a specific area or regulation to each type of rule) or the simple application of primacy (preference in the application of a local byelaw in the case of concurrence). In the absence of explicit parliamentary criteria, article 4.1 of the LBRL has opted for the primary application of the local rule.