Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arbovirus disease

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Arbovirus disease'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

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Koh, Cassandra, Annabelle Henrion-Lacritick, Lionel Frangeul, and Maria-Carla Saleh. "Interactions of the Insect-Specific Palm Creek Virus with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Aedes Mosquitoes." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081652.

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Palm Creek virus (PCV) is an insect-specific flavivirus that can interfere with the replication of mosquito-borne flaviviruses in Culex mosquitoes, thereby potentially reducing disease transmission. We examined whether PCV could interfere with arbovirus replication in Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, major vectors for many prominent mosquito-borne viral diseases. We infected laboratory colonies of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with PCV to evaluate infection dynamics. PCV infection was found to persist to at least 21 days post-infection and could be detected in the midguts and ovaries. We then assayed for PCV–arbovirus interference by orally challenging PCV-infected mosquitoes with Zika and chikungunya viruses. For both arboviruses, PCV infection had no effect on infection and transmission rates, indicating limited potential as a method of intervention for Aedes-transmitted arboviruses. We also explored the hypothesis that PCV–arbovirus interference is mediated by the small interfering RNA pathway in silico. Our findings indicate that RNA interference is unlikely to underlie the mechanism of arbovirus inhibition and emphasise the need for empirical examination of individual pairs of insect-specific viruses and arboviruses to fully understand their impact on arbovirus transmission.
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Almire, Floriane, Selim Terhzaz, Sandra Terry, Melanie McFarlane, Rommel J. Gestuveo, Agnieszka M. Szemiel, Margus Varjak, Alma McDonald, Alain Kohl, and Emilie Pondeville. "Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e1009870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009870.

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As mosquito females require a blood meal to reproduce, they can act as vectors of numerous pathogens, such as arboviruses (e.g. Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses), which constitute a substantial worldwide public health burden. In addition to blood meals, mosquito females can also take sugar meals to get carbohydrates for their energy reserves. It is now recognised that diet is a key regulator of health and disease outcome through interactions with the immune system. However, this has been mostly studied in humans and model organisms. So far, the impact of sugar feeding on mosquito immunity and in turn, how this could affect vector competence for arboviruses has not been explored. Here, we show that sugar feeding increases and maintains antiviral immunity in the digestive tract of the main arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti. Our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota does not mediate the sugar-induced immunity but partly inhibits it. Importantly, sugar intake prior to an arbovirus-infected blood meal further protects females against infection with arboviruses from different families. Sugar feeding blocks arbovirus initial infection and dissemination from the gut and lowers infection prevalence and intensity, thereby decreasing the transmission potential of female mosquitoes. Finally, we show that the antiviral role of sugar is mediated by sugar-induced immunity. Overall, our findings uncover a crucial role of sugar feeding in mosquito antiviral immunity which in turn decreases vector competence for arboviruses. Since Ae. aegypti almost exclusively feed on blood in some natural settings, our findings suggest that this lack of sugar intake could increase the spread of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases.
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Schneider, Christine A., Eric Calvo, and Karin E. Peterson. "Arboviruses: How Saliva Impacts the Journey from Vector to Host." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179173.

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Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are predominately transmitted to humans through blood-feeding behavior of three main groups of biting arthropods: ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies. The pathogens harbored by these blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) are transferred to animal hosts through deposition of virus-rich saliva into the skin. Sometimes these infections become systemic and can lead to neuro-invasion and life-threatening viral encephalitis. Factors intrinsic to the arboviral vectors can greatly influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infections, with mounting evidence that BFA saliva and salivary proteins can shift the trajectory of viral infection in the host. This review provides an overview of arbovirus infection and ways in which vectors influence viral pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on how saliva and salivary gland extracts from the three dominant arbovirus vectors impact the trajectory of the cellular immune response to arbovirus infection in the skin.
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Byers, Nathaniel, Amy Fleshman, Rushika Perera, and Claudia Molins. "Metabolomic Insights into Human Arboviral Infections: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses." Viruses 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030225.

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The global burden of arboviral diseases and the limited success in controlling them calls for innovative methods to understand arbovirus infections. Metabolomics has been applied to detect alterations in host physiology during infection. This approach relies on mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate how perturbations in biological systems alter metabolic pathways, allowing for differentiation of closely related conditions. Because viruses heavily depend on host resources and pathways, they present unique challenges for characterizing metabolic changes. Here, we review the literature on metabolomics of arboviruses and focus on the interpretation of identified molecular features. Metabolomics has revealed biomarkers that differentiate disease states and outcomes, and has shown similarities in metabolic alterations caused by different viruses (e.g., lipid metabolism). Researchers investigating such metabolomic alterations aim to better understand host–virus dynamics, identify diagnostically useful molecular features, discern perturbed pathways for therapeutics, and guide further biochemical research. This review focuses on lessons derived from metabolomics studies on samples from arbovirus-infected humans.
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Argondizzo, Ana Paula Corrêa, Dilson Silva, and Sotiris Missailidis. "Application of Aptamer-Based Assays to the Diagnosis of Arboviruses Important for Public Health in Brazil." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010159.

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Arbovirus infections represent a global public health problem, and recent epidemics of yellow fever, dengue, and Zika have shown their critical importance in Brazil and worldwide. Whilst a major effort for vaccination programs has been in the spotlight, a number of aptamer approaches have been proposed in a complementary manner, offering the possibility of differential diagnosis between these arboviruses, which often present similar clinical symptoms, as well as the potential for a treatment option when no other alternative is available. In this review, we aim to provide a background on arbovirus, with a basic description of the main viral classes and the disease they cause, using the Brazilian context to build a comprehensive understanding of their role on a global scale. Subsequently, we offer an exhaustive revision of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches offered by aptamers against arboviruses. We demonstrate how these promising reagents could help in the clinical diagnosis of this group of viruses, their use in a range of diagnostic formats, from biosensors to serological testing, and we give a short review on the potential approaches for novel aptamer-based antiviral treatment options against different arboviral diseases.
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Estofolete, Cássia F., Bruno H. G. A. Milhim, Nathalia Zini, Samuel N. Scamardi, Joana D’Arc Selvante, Nikos Vasilakis, and Maurício L. Nogueira. "Flavivirus Infection Associated with Cerebrovascular Events." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060671.

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Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus Flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. Flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. Herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and Zika viruses in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for arbovirus circulation, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Our findings highlight the potential threat that unusual clinical manifestations may pose to arbovirus disease management and recovery.
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Stokes, Samuel, Floriane Almire, Michael H. Tatham, Steven McFarlane, Peter Mertens, Emilie Pondeville, and Chris Boutell. "The SUMOylation pathway suppresses arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti cells." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 12 (December 22, 2020): e1009134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009134.

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Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many clinically important arboviruses that cause significant levels of annual mortality and socioeconomic health burden worldwide. Deciphering the mechanisms by which mosquitoes modulate arbovirus infection is crucial to understand how viral-host interactions promote vector transmission and human disease. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that leads to the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) protein to host factors, which in turn can modulate their stability, interaction networks, sub-cellular localisation, and biochemical function. While the SUMOylation pathway is known to play a key role in the regulation of host immune defences to virus infection in humans, the importance of this pathway during arbovirus infection in mosquito vectors, such as Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), remains unknown. Here we characterise the sequence, structure, biochemical properties, and tissue-specific expression profiles of component proteins of the Ae. aegypti SUMOylation pathway. We demonstrate significant biochemical differences between Ae. aegypti and Homo sapiens SUMOylation pathways and identify cell-type specific patterns of SUMO expression in Ae. aegypti tissues known to support arbovirus replication. Importantly, depletion of core SUMOylation effector proteins (SUMO, Ubc9 and PIAS) in Ae. aegypti cells led to enhanced levels of arbovirus replication from three different families; Zika (Flaviviridae), Semliki Forest (Togaviridae), and Bunyamwera (Bunyaviridae) viruses. Our findings identify an important role for mosquito SUMOylation in the cellular restriction of arboviruses that may directly influence vector competence and transmission of clinically important arboviruses.
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Olson, Mark F., Jose G. Juarez, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Jane P. Messina, and Gabriel L. Hamer. "Global patterns of aegyptism without arbovirus." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0009397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009397.

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The world’s most important mosquito vector of viruses, Aedes aegypti, is found around the world in tropical, subtropical and even some temperate locations. While climate change may limit populations of Ae. aegypti in some regions, increasing temperatures will likely expand its territory thus increasing risk of human exposure to arboviruses in places like Europe, Northern Australia and North America, among many others. Most studies of Ae. aegypti biology and virus transmission focus on locations with high endemicity or severe outbreaks of human amplified urban arboviruses, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, but rarely on areas at the margins of endemicity. The objective in this study is to explore previously published global patterns in the environmental suitability for Ae. aegypti and dengue virus to reveal deviations in the probability of the vector and human disease occurring. We developed a map showing one end of the gradient being higher suitability of Ae. aegypti with low suitability of dengue and the other end of the spectrum being equal and higher environmental suitability for both Ae. aegypti and dengue. The regions of the world with Ae. aegypti environmental suitability and no endemic dengue transmission exhibits a phenomenon we term ‘aegyptism without arbovirus’. We then tested what environmental and socioeconomic variables influence this deviation map revealing a significant association with human population density, suggesting that locations with lower human population density were more likely to have a higher probability of aegyptism without arbovirus. Characterizing regions of the world with established populations of Ae. aegypti but little to no autochthonous transmission of human-amplified arboviruses is an important step in understanding and achieving aegyptism without arbovirus.
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Srinivasan, Krithika, Beatriz Tapia, Arturo Rodriguez, Robert Wood, and Jennifer J. Salinas. "Species abundance and temporal variation of arbovirus vectors in Brownsville, Texas." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (March 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.28.

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The recent outbreaks of the dengue fever and West Nile viruses and the looming threats of the Zika and chikungunya viruses highlight the importance of establishing effective, proactive arboviral surveillance in communities at high risk of transmission, such as those on the Texas–Mexico border. Currently, there are no approved human vaccines available for these mosquito-borne diseases, so entomological control and case management are the only known methods for decreasing disease incidence. The principal vectors, which include Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. Albopictus, all have an established presence in South Texas. The public health response to most arbovirus outbreaks in the region has been reactionary rather than proactive. However, after the 2005 dengue outbreak and subsequent fatality, the City of Brownsville Public Health Department began collecting data on mosquito vector abundance and incidence. The objective of this study was to describe the various species of mosquitoes found in vector surveillance in Brownsville, Texas, during 2009–2013; quantify their prevalence; and identify any associations with temporal or weather-related variations. The results confirm a significant mosquito population in Brownsville in late winter months, indicating a high risk of arbovirus transmission in South Texas year-round, and not just until November, previously considered the end date of arbovirus season by state health services. The data from Brownsville’s surveillance program can help characterize local vector ecology and facilitate more proactive mitigation of future arboviral threats in South Texas.
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Filippone, Claudia, Vincent Legros, Patricia Jeannin, Valérie Choumet, Gillian Butler-Browne, Jim Zoladek, Vincent Mouly, Antoine Gessain, and Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi. "Arboviruses and Muscle Disorders: From Disease to Cell Biology." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060616.

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Infections due to arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) have dramatically increased worldwide during the last few years. In humans, symptoms associated with acute infection of most arboviruses are often described as “dengue-like syndrome”, including fever, rash, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, and muscular symptoms such as myalgia, myositis, or rhabdomyolysis. In some cases, muscular symptoms may persist over months, especially following flavivirus and alphavirus infections. However, in humans the cellular targets of infection in muscle have been rarely identified. Animal models provide insights to elucidate pathological mechanisms through studying viral tropism, viral-induced inflammation, or potential viral persistence in the muscle compartment. The tropism of arboviruses for muscle cells as well as the viral-induced cytopathic effect and cellular alterations can be confirmed in vitro using cellular models. This review describes the link between muscle alterations and arbovirus infection, and the underlying mechanisms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

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Ahmadnejad, Farzaneh. "Circulation du virus West-Nile dans les populations équines d'Iran : impact épidémiologique de l'environnement et du climat." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683646.

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L'épidémie de West-Nile en Amérique du Nord en 2002, qui a touché plus de quarante états aux Etats-Unis, a conduit les Agences de santé à s'interroger sur le risque d'émergence, à l'extérieur de la zone intertropicale, de zoonoses vectorielles. Cette épidémie associée au changement climatique, a bien mis en évidence le rôle central de l'avifaune migratrice dans la diffusion du virus. La biologie des oiseaux, tout particulièrement le phénomène migratoire, permet un transport des virus sur de longues distances et entre espèces très diversifiées. Le Moyen-Orient, qui est situé au carrefour de différents continents, est extrêmement propice à la propagation des virus émergents dans les pays du Nord. La circulation du virus West Nile a été rapportée dans différents pays de la région, tels que l'Egypte, Israël, Liban, Irak, Emirats Arabes Unis et Iran. Saidi et al. (1970) ont montré la présence d'anticorps anti-virus du Nil occidental au sein de la population de la côte caspienne (Nord de l'Iran), des provinces du Khorassan (Nord-Est) et du Khuzestan (Sud-Ouest). Notre étude, conduite dans le cadre d'un programme associant TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 UJF CNRS VetAgroSup, le Réseau International des Instituts Pasteurs et le Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, vise: (i) à caractériser la circulation du virus de West-Nile au sein des populations équines d'Iran ; et (ii) et à modéliser l'impact sanitaire de l'environnement et du climat sur la transmission. Les résultats acquis permettent d'apprécier le risque associé à la dissémination spatio-temporelle du virus par les oiseaux migrateurs. Une attention toute particulière est portée à l'étude des déterminants environnementaux et climatiques susceptibles d'accroitre le potentiel de transmission du virus.
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Boyd, Ann Marie. "Interactions between common vertebrate hosts and the mosquito vectors of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses in urban Brisbane, South East Queensland, Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18059.pdf.

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Prow, Natalie A. "Epidemiology of Ross River virus in the south-west of Western Australia and an assessment of genotype involvement in Ross River virus pathogenesis." University of Western Australia. Microbiology and Immunology Discipline Group, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0132.

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[Truncated abstract] Ross River virus (RRV) causes the most common arboviral disease in Australia, with approximately 5000 new cases reported each year, making this virus a major public health concern. The aim of this thesis was to link results from virological, pathogenesis and epidemiological studies to further define RRV disease in the south-west (SW) of Western Australia (WA), a region of endemic and epizootic RRV activity. A crosssectional seroprevalence study was used to show that 7.8 percent of SW communities were seropositive to RRV, comparable to other regions of Australia with similar temperate climates to the SW . . . RRV-specific IgM antibodies were found to persist for at least two years following RRV infection. A murine model was used to conclusively show differences in pathogenesis between RRV genotypes, the SW and northern-eastern (NE) genotypes, which are known to circulate throughout Australia. The SW genotype, unique to the SW of WA induced only poor neutralising antibody production and nonneutralising antibodies after the acute phase of infection. In comparison, the NE genotype which currently predominates in mosquito populations in the SW of WA, induced the most efficient neutralising antibody response and consequently produced the mildest disease in the mouse. These data in the mouse suggest that the infecting genotype will mostly likely influence disease outcome in humans and could at least partially explain why more severe and persistent disease has been reported from the SW of WA. Collectively, results from this thesis provide an important benchmark against which future investigations into BFV and RRV diseases can be measured.
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Johnson, Todd. "Population composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquito communities across landscape gradients in southern Africa, with emphasis on selected arbovirus vector species and their role in disease transmission." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73323.

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Mosquito-borne arboviruses are of considerable public health importance as they cause some of the most important emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases affecting humans and animals in many parts of the world including southern Africa. The threat of large epidemics of mosquito-borne arboviruses are often associated with climatic conditions, global warming, animal migrations, surface water, wind, topography, harbourage, vegetation, food supply and abundance of competent mosquito vectors. The goal of this project is to provide an in depth understanding of mosquito community dynamics and the importance of mosquito vector populations in the maintenance and transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in southern Africa. Firstly, a review of past and current literature was conducted to highlight: (a) the current state of knowledge regarding the most important mosquito-borne viruses of medical significance in southern Africa (b) lesser known mosquito-borne arboviruses with the potential of causing zoonotic health threats for humans in southern Africa. (c) key aspects of the ecology of mosquito vectors of medically significant mosquito-borne viruses in southern Africa. d) gaps in knowledge regarding southern African arbovirus mosquito vectors. Most of the studies on mosquito-borne viruses in southern Africa can be clustered into specific programmes led by Kokernot and Smithburn in the 1950s, McIntosh in the 1970s and 1980s, Swanepoel in the 1970s, Venter and others in more recent years, and have largely been restricted to South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Twenty-six (26) arboviruses have been isolated from mosquitoes in southern Africa. Of these, Chikungunya (CHIK), Sindbis (SIN), West Nile (WN), Wesselsbron (WES), Spondweni (SPO), Banzi (BAN), Dengue (DEN), Bunyamwera (BUN), Germiston (GER) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) viruses are known to cause human illness. Middelburg (MID) and Shuni (SHUN) viruses are also important, causing neurological symptoms in animals with zoonotic potential for humans in South Africa. There are eight mosquito-borne arboviral infections most likely to impact humans in southern Africa (CHIK, MID, SIN, DEN, WES, WN, SHUN and RVF viruses). Mosquitoes in the subfamily Culicinae (mostly Aedes and Culex mosquitoes) are the most frequently associated with arbovirus transmission (115 and 105 types of arbovirus, respectively). Understanding the role of mosquito vector species in arbovirus transmission is vital for the development of new strategies to control the spread of arboviral diseases. In southern Africa, a few species in the genera Anopheles, Coquillettidia and Mansonia have also been implicated as vectors of arboviruses. Surveys over multiple decades across southern Africa have provided an insight regarding which species of mosquitoes are involved in the transmission of at least the most common of the mosquito-borne zoonotic arboviruses. These cluster within the genera Aedes and Culex, each representing a different transmission strategy. Aedes-borne viruses such as CHIK, DEN and WES tend to have primate or human reservoir hosts (McIntosh, 1986), while Culex-borne viruses often use birds as reservoir hosts, and these factors influence the distribution and epidemiology of the diseases they cause in humans and animals. Aedes and Culex have different breeding strategies and preferences which also represent fundamental differences. These mosquitoes are Aedes aegypti, Aedes furcifer/cordellieri, Aedes circumluteolus, Aedes unidentatus, Aedes mcintoshi, Aedes caballus, Aedes juppi, Culex theileri, Culex zombaensis, Culex univittatus, Culex neavei and Culex rubinotus. To determine mosquito community dynamics and mosquito vector distributions, sampling mosquito vectors at six sentinel sites in three provinces in the northern part of South Africa where recent cases had been detected in animals. Adult mosquitoes were collected from two horse properties in Gauteng Province; two wildlife reserves in Limpopo Province and at Orpen Gate in Kruger National Park and Mnisi Area in Mpumalanga Province between 2014–2017, using carbon dioxide-baited light and tent traps. Culex poicilipes, was the most abundant species caught during the study period. Highest diversity and species richness were found at Lapalala Wilderness Reserve, while the lowest diversity and abundances were at Orpen in Kruger National Park. Aedes aegypti, Ae. mcintoshi, Ae. metallicus, Ae. vittatus, Cx. pipiens sensu lato, Cx. theileri and Cx. univittatus, which are potential arbovirus vectors, had the widest geographical distribution in northern South Africa. Also collected were Anopheles arabiensis and An. vaneedeni, both known malaria vectors in South Africa. Therefore, arbovirus surveillance and vector control programs should be augmented in peri-urban and mixed rural settings where there is greater risk for arbovirus transmission to humans and domestic stock. Since climate has reportedly been associated with disease transmission, it’s important to understand the extent of its influence on mosquito abundance and distribution in northern South Africa. Thus, population composition, abundance and diversity of mosquitoes collected over a three-year period were determined and correlated to diverse climatic conditions during those years in order to determine seasonal trends in occurrence, abundance and distribution. Marked differences in the temporal distribution and seasonal abundances of the seven medically important mosquito vectors encountered from the two distinct geographic regions and climates. Statistical models have shown that climatic factors play a crucial role in shaping the population dynamics of Ae. mcintoshi, Ae. vittatus, An. arabiensis, Cx. pipiens s.l., Cx. poicilipes, Cx. theileri and Cx. univittatus both in Highveld Grassland and Middleveld Bushveld regions of northern South Africa. High summer temperatures and rainfall lead to increased vector density which might trigger outbreaks of RVF, SIN and WN viruses on the inland plateau of South Africa. This study also showed that abundances of RVF and WN virus vectors are related to elevation. These findings will be important in predicting the timing of onset and spread of future epidemics such as WN and RVF viruses, in southern Africa and other geographical settings with similar climates.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
University of Pretoria US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Medical Virology
PhD
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Almeida, Marco Ant?nio Barreto de. "Dispers?o da febre amarela entre primatas n?o-humanos durante epizootia no Rio Grande do Sul : entendendo o papel de fatores abi?ticos, da paisagem e da presen?a de animais imunes para propor cen?rios futuros de reemerg?ncia da doen?a." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8237.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Nonhuman primates (NHP) are susceptible to many arboviruses, including the yellow fever (YF) virus. Although native to Africa, this virus found susceptible NHP and competent mosquito vectors for maintaining its transmission in American forests. A high sensitivity of NHP to YF led health agencies to monitor these animals as a way of monitoring the disease in Brazil. The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) began this surveillance in 2002, which has detected the arboviruses Oropouche and Saint Louis (SLEV) and a YF epizootic that killed more than 2,000 NHP (Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans) between 2008 and 2009. The objectives of this PhD thesis research were to generate models of niche suitability for YF based on that epizootic and prospect arboviruses in NHP in northwestern RS. The maximum entropy algorithm - Maxent was used to generate distribution models of Alouatta spp. and the mosquito vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Together with climatic, topographic and vegetative variables, these models served as predictor layers to model the occurrence of the disease based on the points of death of NHP of YF. The most influential variables in the YF models were the variation in air humidity, distribution of Alouatta spp. and maximum wind speed followed by mean annual rainfall and maximum temperature. Therefore, support for the influence of the rainfall regime and the ambient temperature on the cycle of jungle YF was found. Wind speed and direction can play an important role in the dispersal of infected mosquitoes and, consequently, the virus. The models based on the occurrence of dead NHP in the first months of the epizootic identified suitable areas to where the disease spread a few months later. In addition, 19 arboviruses were prospected in 40 blood (viral isolation and PCR) and serum (hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests [NT]) samples collected from 26 black howler monkeys (A. caraya) belonging to three populations in four field campaigns in the municipality of Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS, between 2014 and 2016. There was no detection of circulating virus, but antibodies to Flavivirus SLEV and Ilh?us and Phlebovirus Icoaraci was found by NT. Evidence of the contact with Ilh?us and Icoaraci are the southernmost records in Brazilian NHP. An increase in antibodies to SLEV detected between two consecutive captures of the same individual is compatible with a recent contact with the virus. An adult male captured in one of the areas presented concomitant infection by the Oropouche, SLEV and YF viruses by NT. Further studies are necessary to understand the role played by NHP and other vertebrates in the circulation of arboviruses in the region, to assess potential risks to NHP and public health, and to identify the driving forces responsible for the dispersal of the YF virus during epizootics in wildlife populations.
Os primatas n?o-humanos (PNH) s?o suscet?veis a diversos arbov?rus, incluindo o v?rus da febre amarela (FA). Embora origin?rio da ?frica, esse v?rus encontrou PNH suscet?veis e mosquitos vetores competentes para sua transmiss?o em matas nas Am?ricas. Uma alta sensibilidade dos PNH ? FA levou ?rg?os de sa?de a monitorar esses animais como forma de vigiar a doen?a no Brasil. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) iniciou essa vigil?ncia em 2002, a qual detectou os arbov?rus Oropouche e Saint Louis (SLEV) e uma epizootia de FA que matou mais de 2000 PNH (Alouatta caraya e A. guariba clamitans) entre 2008 e 2009. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivos gerar modelos de adequabilidade ambiental para FA com base nessa epizootia e prospectar arbov?rus em PNH no noroeste do RS. Foi utilizado o algoritmo de m?xima entropia ? Maxent para gerar modelos de distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e do mosquito vetor Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Esses modelos serviram como camadas preditoras para, junto a vari?veis clim?ticas, topogr?ficas e vegetacionais, modelar a ocorr?ncia da doen?a baseada nos pontos de morte de PNH por FA. As vari?veis mais influentes nos modelos da FA foram a varia??o na umidade do ar, a distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e a velocidade m?xima dos ventos, seguidas pela precipita??o m?dia anual e a temperatura m?xima. Portanto, foi confirmado suporte para a influ?ncia do regime de chuvas e da temperatura ambiente no ciclo da FA silvestre. A velocidade e a dire??o do vento devem desempenhar um importante papel na dispers?o de mosquitos infectados e, consequentemente, do v?rus. Os modelos baseados na distribui??o espacial de PNH mortos nos primeiros meses da epizootia identificaram ?reas adequadas para onde a doen?a avan?ou poucos meses mais tarde. Tamb?m foram prospectados 19 arbov?rus em 40 amostras de sangue (isolamento viral e PCR) e soro (inibi??o da hemaglutina??o e testes de neutraliza??o [NT]) coletadas em quatro campanhas de campo entre 2014 e 2016 de 26 bugios-pretos (A. caraya) de tr?s popula??es no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS. N?o houve detec??o de v?rus circulante, mas sim de anticorpos para os Flavivirus SLEV e Ilh?us e o Phlebovirus Icoaraci por NT. As evid?ncias de contato com Ilh?us e Icoaraci s?o as primeiras em PNH no extremo sul do Brasil. Um aumento de anticorpos para SLEV detectado entre duas capturas consecutivas do mesmo indiv?duo ? compat?vel com um contato recente com o v?rus. Um macho adulto capturado em uma das ?reas apresentou infec??o concomitante pelos v?rus Oropouche, SLEV e FA por NT. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para compreender o papel de PNH e outros vertebrados na circula??o de arbov?rus na regi?o, avaliar poss?veis riscos para PNH e a sa?de humana e identificar as for?as motrizes respons?veis pela dispers?o do v?rus da FA durante epizootias em popula??es selvagens.
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Hambrick, Bethany Lynn. "Population Dynamics and Community Structure of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Recorded in Denton, Texas from 2005 to 2015." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157552/.

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A population survey was conducted on the mosquito species recorded in Denton, Texas for the years of 2005 to 2015. Data used in this project were obtained from an ongoing, long-term surveillance program led by the City of Denton and conducted through the University of North Texas. Research focused on the population dynamics and community structure of mosquitoes collected within urban areas of Denton, Texas in relation to certain environmental variables. A total of 80,837 female mosquitoes were captured and represented 38 species found under the following genera: Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Culiseta, Mansonia, Orthopodomyia, Psorophora, Toxorhynchites, and Uranotaenia. Culex quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species followed by Aedes vexans. Seasonal patterns of the most abundant species revealed high variability throughout the study. Container breeders were most abundant in August and those that breed in floodwaters were most abundant in the months of May and September. Samples were tested for arbovirus presence through the Texas Department of State Health Services in Austin, Texas and multiple pools tested positive for West Nile virus throughout the study. Stepwise multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the mosquito community and environmental variables. Data revealed that temperature, precipitation, and dew point were the most important variables influencing the mosquito population in the City of Denton.
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Neira, Oviedo Marco. "Arboviral infection in mosquito vectors : survey and pathogenesis studies /." View abstract, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3203335.

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Jardine, Andrew. "The impact of dryland salinity on Ross River virus in south-western Australia : an ecosystem health perspective." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0182.

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[Truncated abstract] A functional ecosystem is increasingly being recognised as a requirement for health and well being of resident human populations. Clearing of native vegetation for agriculture has left 1.047 million hectares of south-west Western Australia affected by a severe form of environmental degradation, dryland salinity, characterised by secondary soil salinisation and waterlogging. This area may expand by a further 1.7-3.4 million hectares if current trends continue. Ecosystems in saline affected regions display many of the classic characteristics of Ecosystem Distress Syndrome (EDS). One outcome of EDS that has not yet been investigated in relation to dryland salinity is adverse human health implications. This thesis focuses on one such potential adverse health outcome: increased incidence of Ross River virus (RRV), the most common mosquito-borne disease in Australia. Spatial analysis of RRV notifications did not reveal a significant association with dryland salinity. To overcome inherent limitations with notification data, serological RRV antibody prevalence was also investigated, and again no significant association with dryland salinity was detected. However, the spatial scale imposed limited the sensitivity of both studies. ... This thesis represents the first attempt to prospectively investigate the influence of secondary soil salinity on mosquito-borne disease by combining entomological, environmental and epidemiological data. The evidence collected indicates that RRV disease incidence is not currently a significant population health priority in areas affected by dryland salinity despite the dominant presence of Ae. camptorhynchus. Potential limiting factors include; local climatic impact on the seasonal mosquito population dynamics; vertebrate host distribution and feeding behaviour of Ae. camptorhynchus; and the scarce and uneven human population distribution across the region. However, the potential for increased disease risk in dryland salinity affected areas to become apparent in the future cannot be discounted, particularly in light of the increasing extent predicted to develop over coming decades before any benefits of amelioration strategies are observed. Finally, it is important to note that both dryland salinity and salinity induced by irrigation are important forms of environmental degradation in arid and semi-arid worldwide, with a total population of over 400 million people. Potential health risks will of course vary widely across different regions depending on a range of factors specific to the local region and the complex interactions between them. It is therefore not possible to make broad generalisations. The need is highlighted for similar research in other regions and it is contended that an ecosystem health framework provides the necessary basis for such investigations.
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Boykin, Jasmine. "Validation of Chimeric Viruses in Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test in Arboviral Disease Diagnostics." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7001.

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The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a confirmatory diagnostic assay that is used to confirm a variety of diseases. The performance of PRNT requires the use of infectious wild type viruses, which increases the risk of laboratory acquired infections. For instance, eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV) is a highly virulent pathogen used in PRNT that can result in potentially fatal neurological diseases among humans and equines. Therefore, arboviral PRNT must be performed in Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment facilities and may require select agent approved scientists, like in the case of EEEV. These stringent requirements restrict the ability of public health laboratories to conduct PRNTs. Chimera viruses, recombinant constructs that have been bio-engineered to express the immunogenic structural proteins from the wild type virus in an attenuated form, can serve as a substitution for infectious viruses when performing PRNT. Since chimera viruses do not require the use of a BSL-3 facility and are not classified as select agents, their use offers advantages over wild type viruses. This study aimed at validating the use of EEE and West Nile chimera viruses as an alternative to the corresponding wild type viruses for diagnostic purposes at the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) Bureau of Public Health Laboratories (BPHL). These evaluations were conducted using human and avian sera. The results illustrate that chimera virus-based PRNT portrays specificity comparable to that of the wild type virus, while a slight reduction in sensitivity was observed when human sera was used. Considering their benefits in increasing safety and reducing regulatory requirements, these chimera viruses are an important alternative to the virulent wild type viruses and could be highly beneficial for diagnostic laboratories.
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Pereira, Dos Santos Taissa. "Invasion d’Aedes albopictus dans les milieux forestiers tropicaux et potentiel pour l’émergence de virus zoonotiques au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG012/document.

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Les zoonoses émergentes sont en augmentation au cours des dernières décennies. Ainsi, il y est urgent de comprendre les mécanismes de cette émergence, en particulier d’étudier les facteurs écologiques sous-jacents qui déterminent les transferts de ces maladies de l’animal à l’homme.Originaire d’Asie, le moustique tigre Aedes albopictus est arrivé au Brésil dans les années 80 et s’est établi dans 60% des villes brésiliennes. Les forêts brésiliennes sont considérées comme un point chaud de la biodiversité mondiale, abritant des centaines d'arbovirus zoonotiques. Ces forêts que, par fois, cercles des grandes agglomérations urbaines, souffrent de la transformation du paysage réalisé par l’homme, un terreau idéal pour l'apparition de zoonoses. Cette espèce représente une préoccupation majeure pour la transmission d’arbovirus épidémiques (Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika) mais également une menace potentielle pour l’émergence de maladies zoonotiques en raison de sa présence dans les interfaces ville / forêt, de son comportement alimentaire opportuniste et de sa compétence vectorielle pour nombreux virus. Ainsi, Ae. albopictus pourrait potentiellement jouer le rôle de vecteur pont pour le transfert en milieu urbain de arbovirus zoonotiques qui circulent dans les forêts brésiliennes. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons le potentiel de cette espèce à servir de vecteur de pont entre la faune et l'homme. Pour cette proposition (i) Nous avons effectué une recherche et une analyse bibliographiques portant sur trois éléments clés permettant d’évaluer la capacité de ce moustique à assurer le transfert interspécifique des arbovirus dans les zones sylvatiques : 1) la capacité à exploiter les sites de reproduction larvaire naturels, 2) le comportement alimentaire et 3) la compétence vectorielle pour les dif férentes arbovirus. (ii) Nous avons étudié sur le terrain la colonisation, la dispersion, le comportement trophic et l'impact sur la biodiversité d'Ae. albopictus dans l'interface ville / forêt au Brésil. Ce travail de terrain a été réalisé à partir de dix écosystèmes de fragments de forêts dans trois Biomes au Brésil: 1) Biome Amazonia dans la réserve forestière d'Adolpho Ducke à Manaus; 2) Biome Mata Atlantica dans la réserve forestière de Pedra Branca à Rio de Janeiro, dans les fragments de forêt urbaine à Salvador, Serra, Belo Horizonte et dans les fragments de forêt rurale à Domingos Martins, Simonésia, Casimiro de Abreu, Marica-RJ; Biome Cerrado dans la forêt de Morro dos Macacos à Goiania. Dans cette thèse nous avons confirmé qu’Ae. albopictus a la capacité de coloniser des sites de reproduction naturels avec un comportement alimentaire opportuniste et une claire préférence pour les sources de sang humain, suivi par d'autres mammifères et oiseaux. Nous observons que le processus de colonisation et de dispersion est limité à la bordure de la forêt avec un impact sur la composition des espèces dans ces environnements. Nous avons observé également que ce moustique est capable de transmettre 13 arbovirus dans notre recherche bibliografic, mais aucun arbovirus n’a été détecté chez des moustiques prélevés lors du travail de terrain. Globalement, nos résultats confirment et estiment le rôle potentiel d’Ae. albopictus comme vecteur pont des maladies zoonotiques aux interfaces forêt / ville au Brésil. Ces travaux ouvrent un domaine de recherche dans lequel de nouvelles investigations pourraient évaluer le risque potentiel de propagation des maladies zoonotiques des zones forestières aux zones urbaines, dans le but de limiter les futures émergences virales
Zoonotic emerging diseases are increasing during the last decades. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of this emergence, in particular to study the underlying ecological factors determining spill-over events, the transfer from animals to humans. Being native from Asia, the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus arrived to Brazil in the 80’s being nowadays established in 60% of brazilian cities. Brazilian forests are considered a hotspot of wildlife biodiversity, harbouring hundreds of zoonotic arboviruses, suffering human landscape transformation and surrounding large urban cities, an optimal breeding ground for the emergence of zoonotic diseases. This species represents a major concern for the transmission of epidemic arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, Zika) but also a potential threat for the emergence of zoonotic diseases due to its presence in urban/forest interfaces, its opportunistic feeding behavior and its vector competence to transmit numerous viruses. Thus, Ae. albopictus might potentially participate as a bridge vector for the transfer to urban environments of zoonotic arboviruses that are circulating on Brazilian forests. In this study we evaluate the potential of this species to act as a bridge vector between wildlife and humans. For this propose (i) we performed a bibliographic research and analysis focusing on three key components for assessing the ability of a mosquito to ensure interspecies transfer of arboviruses in sylvatic areas: 1) the capacity to exploit natural larval breeding sites, 2) blood-feeding behaviour and 3) the vector competence for arboviruses. (ii) We investigated from fieldwork the colonization, dispersion, host feeding and potential impact of biodiversity patterns of Ae. albopictus in the urban/forest interface in Brasil. This field work was realized from ten forest-fragments ecosystems in tree Brazilians Biome: Biome Amazonia in Adolpho Ducke forest reserve-Manaus; Biome Mata Atlantica in Pedra Branca forest reserve- Rio de Janeiro, in the urban forest fragment Salvador, Serra, Belo Horizonte and in the rural forest fragment Domingos Martins, Simonésia, Casimiro de Abreu, Marica-RJ; Biome Cerrado in Morro dos Macacos forest – Goiania. This work confirmed that Ae. albopictus has the capacity to colonize natural breeding sites with the opportunistic feeding behavior with a preference for human blood sources, followed by other mammals and birds. We observe that the colonization and dispersion process is limited to the edge forest with an impact in species composition in this environments. We observed that this mosquitos is vector competence for 13 arbovirus from bibliographic recherché, but no arbovirus was detected from fildework collected mosquitos. Globally our results confirm and estimates the potential role of Ae. albopictus to act as a bridge vector of zoonotic diseases at the forest/urban interfaces in Brazil. This work opens a research area in which further investigations may assess the potential spill-over risk of zoonotic disease from forested to urban areas with the aim to mitigate potential future viral emergences
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Books on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

1

Infectious disease and arthropods. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2000.

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Mandurah, Mosquito Control Course (1996 Mandurah W. A. ). Mandurah Mosquito Control Course: All Seasons Atrium Hotel, Mandurah, 29 August-1 September 1994. [Perth?]: Health Dept. of Western Australia, 1996.

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Reeves, William C. Epidemiology and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses in California, 1943-1987. Sacramento, Calif. (197 Otto Circle, Sacramento 95822): California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 1990.

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Crosby, Molly Caldwell. Asleep: The forgotten epidemic that remains one of medicine's greatest mysteries. New York: Berkley Books, 2010.

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Crosby, Molly Caldwell. Asleep: The forgotten epidemic that remains one of medicine's greatest mysteries. New York: Berkley Books, 2010.

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Goddard, Jerome. Infectious diseases and arthropods. 2nd ed. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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Infectious diseases and arthropods. 2nd ed. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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Wiwanitkit, Viroj. Focus on arbovirus infections. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Asleep: The forgotten epidemic that remains one of medicine's greatest mysteries. New York: Berkley Books, 2010.

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Working Conference on Dengue and Other Arboviruses, Viral Gastroenteritis, and Rabies (19th 1985 National Institutes of Health and United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases). Viral diseases panels, United States-Japan Cooperative Medical Sciences Program: October 28, 29, and 30, 1985. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

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Nuttall, Patricia A., Linda D. Jones, and Clive R. Davies. "The Role of Arthropod Vectors in Arbovirus Evolution." In Advances in Disease Vector Research, 15–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3110-3_2.

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Eldridge, Bruce F. "Diapause and Related Phenomena in Culex Mosquitoes: Their Relation to Arbovirus Disease Ecology." In Advances in Soil Science, 1–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4712-8_1.

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Eldridge, Bruce F., Thomas W. Scott, Jonathan F. Day, and Walter J. Tabachnick. "Arbovirus Diseases." In Medical Entomology, 415–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6_11.

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Eldridge, Bruce F., Thomas W. Scott, Jonathan F. Day, and Walter J. Tabachnick. "Arbovirus Diseases." In Medical Entomology, 415–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1009-2_11.

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Romero, José R. "Arboviruses." In The Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Syndromes, 83–104. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-391-2_4.

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van den Hurk, Andrew F., and Cassie C. Jansen. "Arboviruses of Oceania." In Neglected Tropical Diseases, 193–235. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_8.

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Contigiani, Marta S., Luis A. Diaz, and Lorena I. Spinsanti. "General Aspects on Arboviruses." In Arthropod Borne Diseases, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13884-8_5.

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Weaver, S. C. "Evolutionary Influences in Arboviral Disease." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 285–314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26397-7_10.

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Villamor, Eduardo, and Luis A. Villar. "Nutrition and Arboviral Infections." In Nutrition and Infectious Diseases, 283–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56913-6_10.

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Tabachnick, Walter J. "Genetics of Insect Vector Competence for Arboviruses." In Advances in Disease Vector Research, 93–108. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2590-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

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Britch, Seth. "Climate-population analysis of potential mosquito vectors of emerging arbovirus disease threats to the US." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95299.

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Kluiters, Georgette. "Nematode parasitism of arbovirus vectors: Effects of mermithids (Nematoda: Mermithidae) onCulicoidesbiting midges and their potential use for disease and vector control." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109410.

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Vargas, C., L. Esteva, and G. Cruz-Pacheco. "Mathematical modelling of arbovirus diseases." In 2010 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE 2010) (Formerly known as ICEEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5608601.

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ZELLER, HERVÉ. "SURVEILLANCE AND PREVENTION OF ARBOVIRAL DISEASES: A CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE." In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 40th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814289139_0035.

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Fathima, S., and N. Hundewale. "Comparison of classification techniques-SVM and naives bayes to predict the Arboviral disease-Dengue." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibmw.2011.6112426.

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Choumet, Valerie. "Host-vector-pathogen interaction studies provide new data to block transmission of arboviral diseases." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93276.

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Kunhipurayil, Hasna, Muna Ahmed, and Gheyath Nasrallah. "West Nile Virus Seroprevalence among Qatari and Immigrant Populations within Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0197.

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Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely spread arboviruses worldwide and a highly significant pathogen in humans and animals. Despite frequent outbreaks and endemic transmission being reported in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), seroprevalence studies of WNV in Qatar are highly lacking. Aim: This study aims to investigate the actual prevalence of WNV among local and expatriate communities in the Qatar using a large sample size of seemingly healthy donors. Method: A total of 1992 serum samples were collected from donors of age 18 or older and were tested for the presence of WNV antibodies. Serion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial microplate kits were used to detect the presence of the WNV IgM and IgG. The seropositivity was statistically analyzed using SPSS software with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgG and IgM in Qatar was 10.3% and 3.4%, respectively. The country-specific seroprevalence according to nationality for WNV IgG and IgM, respectively, were Sudan (37.0%, 10.0%), Egypt (31.6%, 4.4%), India (13.4%, 3.2%), Yemen(10.2%, 7.0%), Pakistan (8.6%, 2.7%), Iran (10.6%, 0.0%), Philippines (5.4%, 0.0%), Jordan(6.8%, 1.1%), Syria (2.6%, 9.6%), Palestine (2.6%, 0.6%), Qatar (1.6%, 1.7%), and Lebanon (0.9%, 0.0%). The prevalence of both IgM and IgG was significantly correlated with the nationality (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Among these tested nationalities, Qatar national has a relatively low burden of WNV disease. The highest prevalence of WNV was found in the Sub Saharan African nationalities like Sudan and Egypt. The seroprevalence of WNV is different from the previously reported arboviruses such as CHIKV and DENV, which was highest among Asian countries (India and Philippines). Further confirmatory tests such as viral neutralization assays are needed to confirm the IgM seropositivity in these samples since these samples could be a source of viral transmission through blood donation.
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Reports on the topic "Arbovirus disease"

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Shope, Robert E. Production of Antigens and Antibodies for Diagnosis of Arbovirus Diseases. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280200.

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