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Books on the topic 'ARC filters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Quinn, Patrick J., and Arthur H. M. Van Roermund. Switched-Capacitor Techniques For High-Accuracy Filter And ADC Design. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6258-2.

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2

Olmo, Kike del. Barcelona sin filtro. Lunwerg Editores, 2013.

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3

Sherstnev, Nikolay. Maintenance and repair of ship pipelines, valves and filters. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048799.

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The tutorial shows the design features of ship pipelines, valves and filters that affect the conditions of their operation and methods of maintenance and repair. Recommendations for external inspection and control of their elements are given. The features of disassembly and Assembly of various types of valves and filters are shown. With examples from ship practice typical defects of the specified elements, ways of their definition and elimination are considered. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions (specialization in the specialty "Operation of ship power plants

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4

Gulliksen, Marte. Constructing a formbild: An inquiry into the dynamical and hierarchical aspects of the hermeneutical filters controlling the formbild construction in design education situations. Arkitektur- og designhøyskolen i Oslo, 2006.

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5

Scappini, Chiara E., and David Boffa. The Fonte Gaia from Renaissance to Modern Times. Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984592.

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The Fonte Gaia from Renaissance to Modern Times examines the history of Siena's famous public fountain, from its fifteenth-century origins to its eventual replacement by a copy in the nineteenth century (and the modern fate of both). The book explores how both the Risorgimento and the Symbolist movements have shaped our perceptions of the Italian Renaissance, as the Quattrocento was filtered through the lens of contemporary art and politics.

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6

Heinz, Schmidt-Walter, ed. Electrical engineering: A pocket reference. Springer-Verlag, 2003.

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7

Patel, Mikin V., and Steven Zangan. Femoral Retrieval of Conical Filters. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0056.

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Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are a safe, effective treatment option for the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients who either have contraindication to or fail anticoagulation. However, filters pose long-term risks, such as IVC thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, penetration of the IVC wall, filter fracture, and filter migration. IVC filters should be retrieved once the indication for placement has passed. However, cervical access frequently becomes compromised. This chapter reviews strategies for retrieving IVC filters from a femoral approach. Various techniques are discussed, includin

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8

Mustapha, Nazir Mohamad. Reactive filtered arc evaporation. 1993.

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9

Quinn, Patrick J., and Arthur H. M. Roermund. Switched-Capacitor Techniques for High-Accuracy Filter and ADC Design. Springer, 2008.

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10

Switched Capacitor Techniques For High Accuracy Filter And Adc Design. Springer, 2010.

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11

Stier, Hubert J. Design of a 80/250-Msample/s FIR-filter for a pipelined ADC-FIR interface. 1995.

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12

Stier, Hubert J. Design of a 80/250-Msample/s FIR-filter for a pipelined ADC-FIR interface. 1995.

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13

Bockenhauer, Detlef, and Robert Kleta. Approach to the patient with salt-wasting tubulopathies. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0031_update_001.

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Sodium is the main ion of the extracellular compartments, and it is through control of sodium reabsorption that the kidneys maintain volume homoeostasis and systemic blood pressure. The amount of sodium that is first filtered by the glomerulus and then reabsorbed in the tubule is quite staggering: assuming a glomerular filtration rate of 100 mL/min and a serum sodium concentration of 140 mmol/L, an average-sized person filters about 20,000 mmol of sodium per day, equivalent to the amount in 1.2 kg of cooking salt. In the steady state, the amount of sodium excreted is equal to the amount ingest

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14

Martin, Graham R. The Sensory Ecology of Birds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694532.001.0001.

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The natural world contains a huge amount of constantly changing information. Limitations on, and specializations within, sensory systems mean that each species receives only a small part of that information. In essence, information is filtered by sensory systems. Sensory ecology aims to understand the nature and functions of those filters for each species and sensory system. Fluxes of information, and the perceptual challenges posed by different natural environments, are so large that sensory and behavioural specializations have been inevitable. There have been many trade-offs in the evolution

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15

Renovation filter: Recent past and near future. Arnolfini, 2000.

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16

Switched-Capacitor Techniques for High-Accuracy Filter and ADC Design (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing). Springer, 2007.

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17

Let's Burn This Moment to the Filter: Art and Other Novelties. Cameron Books, 2018.

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18

Kockelman, Paul. Algorithms, Agents, and Ontologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.003.0007.

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This chapter details the inner workings of spam filters, algorithmic devices that separate desirable messages from undesirable messages. It argues that such filters are a particularly important kind of sieve insofar as they readily exhibit key features of sieving devices in general, and algorithmic sieving in particular. More broadly, it describes the relation between ontology (assumptions that drive interpretations) and inference (interpretations that alter assumptions) as it plays out in the classification and transformation of identities, types, or kinds. Focusing on the unstable processes

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19

Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Data modeling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0016.

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A variety of techniques for extracting information from data are presented, from pedestrian approaches such as the centuries old linear least-squares fit, to elegant binned and unbinned likelihood fits. A treatment of statistical combination of data leads to an introduction to the powerful Kalman filter approach, used to determine optimal estimates of deterministic-stochastic systems. In experimental physics the Kalman filter is used estimate trajectories from data, but it also finds applications in industrial process control, and in the aeronautics and robots industries. These techniques typi

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20

Mahoney, James, Khairunnisa Mohamedali, and Christoph Nguyen. Causality and Time in Historical Institutionalism. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.4.

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This chapter explores the dual concern with causality and time in historical-institutionalism using a graphical approach. Conceptualizing causes as filters, the chapter analyses three concepts that are central to this field: critical junctures, gradual change, and path dependence. The analysis makes explicit and formal the logic underlying studies that use these “causal-temporal” concepts. The chapter shows visually how causality and temporality are linked to one another in varying ways depending on the particular pattern of change. Through this unifying visual grammar, the chapter also outlin

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21

Wright, A. G. Collection and counting efficiency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0010.

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Standards laboratories can provide a photocathode calibration for quantum efficiency, as a function of wavelength, but their measurements are performed with the photomultiplier operating as a photodiode. Each photoelectron released makes a contribution to the photocathode current but, if it is lost or fails to create secondary electrons at d1, it makes no contribution to anode current. This is the basis of collection efficiency, F. The anode detection efficiency, ε‎, allied to F, refers to the counting efficiency of output pulses. The standard method for determining F involves photocurrent, an

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22

Menon, Ashok, Olga Lavryk, Haris A. Khwaja, John R. Bartholomew, and Zubaidah Nor Hanipah. Thromboembolic Complications after Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0012.

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of early death after bariatric surgery, even in the laparoscopic era, accounting for up to a third of early deaths. While risk factors associated with the development of postoperative VTE in nonbariatric surgery are relevant in bariatric patients, it is now clear that both obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, pose an additional risk. Attempts have been made to standardize VTE prophylaxis for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and early ambulation, mechanical compression devices, chemoprophylaxis, and i

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23

Fermüller, Cornelia. Motion Illusions in Man and Machine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0006.

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At the level of mathematical abstraction, computing image motion amounts to an estimation problem and can be analyzed using the tools of statistics and signal processing. As shown in this chapter, intrinsic limitations to the estimation processes make it impossible to derive veridical estimates for all images. Image motion is estimated erroneously, and as a result higher level processes compute erroneous three-dimensional motion and moving scenes. Specifically, two limitations are discussed: (a) due to noise in image data, there is statistical bias that affects anisotropic patterns and (2) the

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24

Clift, Ben. Ideational Change at the IMF after the Crash. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.003.0002.

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This chapter advances the case for a Constructivist Institutionalist (CI) approach to the analysis of ideational change, making the case for ‘bricolage’ rather than paradigm shifts. It foregrounds actors’ cognitive and ideational filters, underlining the importance of how Fund staff see themselves and their role. The analysis charts key facets of the Fund’s internal workings, including its hierarchical nature, internal review processes, and how internal interactions are evolving. The complexities of institutional mediation leads to the sedimented but ongoing influence of multiple economic idea

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25

O’Callaghan, Chris A. Renal function. Edited by Rutger Ploeg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0126.

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The kidneys play a central role in homeostasis by maintaining extracellular fluid composition and volume. They do this by continuous filtration of plasma in the renal glomeruli and then subsequent modification of the filtered fluid as it passes along the nephron. The filtration process excludes large molecules, but most small molecules and ions are freely filtered. The filtrate that is produced in the glomeruli has a similar composition to plasma with respect to small molecules and ions. Most of the water and solutes are reabsorbed along the tubules and this process requires high levels of met

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26

James, Philip. Temporal patterns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0007.

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Beginning in the Far East over 2000 years ago the discussion in this chapter charts the movement of species found in contemporary urban environments around the globe. A city is dependent on trade for the resources required by the inhabitants to live and work. Some items of trade are plants and animals, and over time, many species have been introduced intentionally, and many others unintentionally (perhaps as a result of hitching a lift in or on items being traded between countries and continents) to become part of the urban flora and fauna. All the time that such global dispersal has been occu

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27

Schomer, Donald L., Charles M. Epstein, Susan T. Herman, Douglas Maus, and Bruce J. Fisch. Recording Principles. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0005.

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This chapter reviews the technical aspects of recording and reviewing clinical electroencephalograms (EEGs) and related biopotentials. While advances in engineering technology have revolutionized EEG machines, the basic principles underlying accurate representation of brain activity are largely unchanged. The first section reviews the analog EEG components, and the second section discusses analog-to-digital conversion, digital filters, and display and storage parameters. Digital EEG machines are now less expensive and their capabilities far surpass those of analog machines. The third section r

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28

Fagan, Garrett G. Social Life in Town and Country. Edited by Christer Bruun and Jonathan Edmondson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.023.

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Epigraphy reveals important aspects of the social life of ordinary people and slaves in the Roman world, habitually overlooked by elite literary authors. Inscriptions dealing with the lower orders might appear to have no overt social filter but are often influenced by the epigraphic culture of the elite. The chapter argues that through public documents, such as the statutes of collegia, the commemoration of benefactions, gravestones, and graffiti, some commoners gain a voice. Inscriptions give scholars a better understanding of life in the countryside and among the urban plebs .

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29

Back, Kerry E. Learning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0023.

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Continuous‐time filtering is explained, including the Kalman filter and filtering for a Markov chain with hidden states. Filtering theory is applied to analyze portfolio choice and equilibrium asset prices. When the expected return of an asset is unknown and is estimated from past returns, the myopic demand is a momentum strategy. When investors learn expected consumption growth from realized consumption growth, equilibrium prices are more sensitive to consumption shocks and the equity premium is higher. When the consumption growth rate follows a Markov chain with hidden states, return volatil

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30

Ellam, Rob. 4. Measuring isotopes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723622.003.0004.

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‘Measuring isotopes: counting the atoms’ explores how isotopes are measured. For stable isotopes, atoms of each isotope are counted using a mass spectrometer. This turns atoms into charged ions and separates them into the different isotopic species using a mass filter. Precise measurements of isotopic abundance can be achieved in a few minutes or hours. Mass spectrometry could be used for radioactive isotopes, but for short-lived isotopes, their low abundance often makes them difficult to detect. The alternative is to use nuclear spectroscopy or counting methods to detect the characteristic en

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31

Fuchs, Judith, and Andreas Altenburger. Brachiopoda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0036.

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This chapter describes the taxonomy of Brachiopoda, a phylum of exclusively marine, sessile, filter-feeding invertebrates. Brachiopods are meroplanktonik with a biphasic life cycle including planktonic larvae and sessile benthic adults. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible

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32

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Parameter Estimation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the estimation of permanent magnetic synchronous (PMS) motor parameters, including stator winding resistance, motor inductances, and magnitude of permanent magnet flux linage, is presented in two main categories, i.e., offline and online. Several offline schemes, including DC and AC standstill tests, no-load test, load test, and vector control schemes, are presented for estimation of all the motor parameters. Major online schemes used in the estimation of PMS motor parameters are also presented in this chapter. They include closed-loop observer-based estimation, model referenc

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33

Peterson, Martin. The Precautionary Principle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652265.003.0005.

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This chapter identifies two very different paradigm cases for the Precautionary Principle that define two separate versions of the principle: the deliberative and the epistemic. I argue that the deliberative version should not be identified with the maximin principle but rather be interpreted as an output filter that transforms the original description of a case into a new case in which all options that may lead to outcomes below a certain threshold are omitted. The epistemic version is a cluster of at least three different epistemic principles, which are introduced and defined by matching par

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34

Tasse, Jordan C., and Bulent Arslan. Management of Acute Iliocaval Thrombosis. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0035.

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Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately 300,000 people per year in the United States. Iliocaval thrombosis is most commonly related to the progression of lower extremity DVT. Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis occurs in approximately 4–15% of patients with acute DVT. Vena cava thrombosis is frequently associated with neoplastic disease. Foreign body placement such as an IVC filter or a venous catheter is a frequently reported cause of iliocaval thrombosis. External compression due to right common iliac artery mass effect (May–Thurner syndrome), tumor, lymphadenopathy, or aort

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35

Ellam, Rob. 6. Measuring isotopes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723622.003.0006.

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Mass spectrometers have become routine laboratory instruments in many disciplines. ‘Measuring isotopes: mass spectrometers’ concentrates on those used to quantify the abundance of different isotopes—gas source isotope ratio, thermal ionization, inductively coupled plasma, and secondary ion mass spectrometers. A mass spectrometer can be used to quantify the concentration of a particular element by monitoring an isotope of that element not overlapped by isotopes of other elements. All mass spectrometers have three essential components: an ion source, a mass filter, and a detector. There are two

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36

Turner, Neil, and Stewart Cameron. Proteinuria. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0050.

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Excess protein in the urine almost always comes from the kidney. Proteinuria up to 150 mg/day in an adult (protein:creatinine ratio (PCR) up to 15 mg/mmol) is considered normal. Daily average excretion is 80 mg, of which about 30 mg is albumin that has been filtered and not reabsorbed. Other components comprise low-molecular-weight filtered proteins that have escaped reabsorption, and proteins secreted or lost into urine from cells of the nephron. Increased permeability of the glomerulus to high-molecular-weight proteins is the most common cause of the clinically detected proteinuria, and albu

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37

Sheppard, Charles. 5. Microbial and planktonic engines of the reef. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0005.

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Symbiotic algae are a crucial source of fuel for the reef, via corals and others, but how is the food and energy from the corals transferred to other parts of the ecosystem to support the huge abundance and diversity seen there? ‘Microbial and planktonic engines of the reef’ describes the filter feeding—extracting particles from the water—of the large proportion of reef animals. These particles consist of plankton, microbes, bacteria, viruses, and zooplankton. Sponges also display microbial symbiotic connections with algae and cyanobacteria that is a key component of material and energy transf

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38

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Rotor Position and Speed Estimation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0006.

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The ultimate importance of rotor position and speed information in permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) machines control, and the industry interest to the rotor and speed sensorless systems as a cost-saving and practical alternative to the motor control with mechanical sensors are emphasized. Major position and speed estimation schemes are then presented in detail. These are the: back electromotive force (EMF)-based method; flux linkage method; hypothesis rotor position method; saliency-based method, including high frequency signal injection and inverter switching harmonics schemes; and finally,

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39

Lei, Yuan. Humidification, Nebulization, and Gas Filtering. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784975.003.0006.

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‘Humidification, Nebulization, and Gas Filtering’ describes the therapies, which, while not essential to ventilation, are frequently applied together with it. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of these devices, including the clinical needs for them and their operating principles, options, and common complications. It describes the composition and operating principle of active heated humidifiers. Artificial humidification brings with it the additional issue of circuit rainout, which may require that heated wires be added to the breathing circuit. The chapter includes a table for

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40

Peet, Deborah J., Patrick Horton, Colin J. Martin, and David G. Sutton. Radiotherapy: external beam radiotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0019.

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Design principles for radiotherapy facilities using X-ray, γ‎-ray, and electron beams are described, especially the requirements for primary and secondary shielding and maze and door entrances. These features are illustrated with reference to the shielded rooms (bunkers) required for linear accelerators, and example calculations are included for shielding and maze design to achieve required dose constraints. The impact of new clinical practices with intensity modulated radiation fields and flattening filter-free operation is also considered. Engineering controls and features for safe operation

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41

Pitt, Matthew. Techniques used to test the neuromuscular junction in children. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0009.

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The tests used to measure the neuromuscular junction function in children are repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and single-fibre electromyography (SFEMG). The physiological changes which explain abnormalities in RNS are covered in this chapter as are those affecting jitter measurement when measured by SFEMG. Practical considerations of how to perform RNS in children are discussed, along with the reasons for using SFEMG in preference to RNS and the need to use stimulation techniques. Controversies concerning so-called stimulated SFEMG including needle selection, filter settings, and the origin

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42

Goodin, Robert E., and Kai Spiekermann. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823452.003.0021.

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This chapter reflects on the election of Donald Trump and the vote of the British electorate in favour of ‘Brexit’ from the European Union. While we refrain from judging the outcomes of these votes, we do discuss concerns pertaining to the lack of truthfulness in both campaigns. After rehearsing the lies on which the Trump and Brexit campaigns were based, we consider different explanations as to why these campaigns were nevertheless successful, and where this leaves the argument for epistemic democracy. Particularly worrisome are tendencies towards ‘epistemic insouciance’, ‘epistemic malevolen

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43

Pitt, Matthew. Motor unit anatomy and physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the signals recorded with needle electromyography (EMG) and the measurement of their specific parameters. These parameters include duration, amplitude, number of phases, and stability. The concept of the electrophysiologic biopsy and the explanation of unusual findings seen on EMG are introduced. In relation to the interference pattern, discussions of the firing rate, recruitment order, and interference pattern are given. Moving from the theoretical explanation of the findings, the problems of the accurate quantitative analysis of the motor unit potential are discussed

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44

Korsgaard, Christine M. Kant against the Animals, Part 1. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753858.003.0006.

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Kant argued for an “indirect duty view,” which has two independent parts. First, it holds that although we do have duties regarding the treatment of the other animals, we do not owe those duties to the other animals themselves but rather to ourselves. Second, it holds that the reason for these duties is that treating the other animals badly will lead us to treat human beings badly. Chapter 7 will argue against the first thesis. This chapter argues that the second thesis makes our relationship to the other animals incoherent. Kant’s argument requires that responses like kindness and gratitude a

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45

Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Strategies and adaptations to aquatic life at high altitude. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 is focused on how organisms cope with the environmental conditions that are a direct result of high altitude. Organisms reveal a number of fascinating ways of dealing with a life at high altitude; for example, avoidance and pigmentation as protection against damaging high levels of ultraviolet radiation, accumulation of antifreeze proteins, and metabolic cold adaptation among species encountering low temperatures with the risk of freezing, oxy-regulatory capacity in animals due to low availability of oxygen, and root uptake from the sediment of inorganic carbon by plants living in wa

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46

Kleespies, Phillip M. Training for Decision Making under the Stress of Emergency Conditions. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.3.

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When under time or procedure pressure, people change their decision-making strategies. They may accelerate information processing and filter the information they will process. In this chapter, the author presents several models for decision making under pressure and compares them to more traditional models. The naturalistic decision-making models are proposed as more appropriate for decision making when working with high-risk patients under emergency conditions. Given that it is often stressful for clinicians to evaluate and manage patients or clients who are considered at acute risk to themse

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47

Haddad, Youssef A. Attitude Datives in Social Context – The Analytic Tools. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434072.003.0002.

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This chapter defines attitude datives as evaluative and relational pragmatic markers that allow the speaker to present material from a specific perspective and to invite the hearer to view the material from the same perspective. It identifies three types of context that are pertinent to the analysis of these datives. These are the sociocultural context (e.g., values, beliefs), the situational context (i.e., identities, activity types), and the co-textual context (e.g., contextualization cues). The chapter draws on Cognitive Grammar and Theory of Stance and puts forth a sociocognitive model cal

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48

Garrett, Merrill F. Exploring the Limits of Modularity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0003.

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Psycholinguistic studies of language processing have revolved historically around “modular” and “interactive” accounts of language use. Experimental reports diverge in claims for the penetration of non-linguistic background information on processing for sentence comprehension. Syntactic processing effects can persist despite available contextual constraints that are sufficient to resolve temporary ambiguity or garden path errors. Nevertheless, there are multiple reports of interactive effects between basic sentence processing and both semantic and non-linguistic contextual information. The cha

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49

Nielsen, Claus, ed. Origin and Diversity of Marine Larvae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0001.

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The origin of larvae has been much discussed, but the most plausible theory is the “terminal addition theory,” which proposes that the larvae originated when a benthic stage was added to the ancestral holoplanktonic life cycle, with the planktonic stage retained as the larva. Marine larvae show an astonishing morphological and ecological variation. Planktotrophic larvae are found in many smaller or larger lineages, and characteristic types—such as the trochophore of many annelids and molluscs, the cyphonautes of some bryozoans, the actinotrocha of most phoronids, the pluteus larvae of most ech

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50

Wan, Wilfred, and Etel Solingen. International Security: Nuclear Proliferation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.121.

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Abstract:

Since the advent of the nuclear age, scholars have sought to provide rationales behind decisions to pursue, forgo, or relinquish nuclear weapons programs. Security, status, cost, technical capabilities, and domestic considerations have played central roles in explaining those choices. Classical neorealism was once the conventional wisdom, advancing that relative power and the logic of self-help in an anarchic world drove states to nuclear weapons. Yet, the analysis of nuclear proliferation has evolved in accordance with broader debates in international relations theory in recent decades, inclu

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