Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ArcGIS Pro'

This thesis deals with the issues of locating and marking both metalic and optical transmission network. The choice of an appropriate program for creation and management of map document is discussed. In the following chapter some necessary adjustments to the ArcGIS ArcView program are made so that it is applicable to the field of telecommunication networks. The last chapter addresses the design of documentation options in optical transmission network. For metalic cables the possibilities of attaching transmitter to a cable and locating the induced magnetic field is covered. Among the methods for finding optical cables we list ways of locating through the use of markers, GPS location and added metalic conductors. Fundamentals of markers and their types are thoroughly analysed. In the chapter on GPS we examine how this system works and evaluate its accuracy. The next chapter enumerates requirements that a program should meet. We analyse properties of considered programs and evaluate them with respect to these requirements. For a chosen program the possibilities of enriching it with selected map document are discussed. For these map document, information about their applicability and source is presented. We also quote the cost for these maps wherever possible. The last chapter treats ways of documenting optical networks.

This project is about studying geographic information system ArcGIS. It focuses on possibilities of extending ArcGIS by custom extensions and method of their programming. Furthermore some basic tools of raster analysis are ilustrated. This project's main objective is to design and implement custom implementation of ArcGIS extension, which provides a set of tools for raster analysis. Design is inspired by an existing extension - Spatial Analyst developed by ESRI.

Vid framställning av småskaliga kartor från storskaliga kartor behöver de kartografiska objekt som kartan utgörs av generaliseras för att den ska förbli läsbar. Historiskt har generaliseringen och urvalet vid skapandet av kartor utförts av kartografen när kartan ritats, men i dag kan generaliseringen göras automatiskt för att effektivisera generaliseringsprocessen. Automatisk generalisering är en avancerad process där flera algoritmer behöver användas för att generaliseringen ska efterlikna den en kartograf gör vid ritandet av en karta. Flera olika geografiska informationssystem och andra programvaror erbjuder möjligheten att automatiskt generalisera kartobjekt vid kartframställning, vilket är nödvändigt när stora datamängder ska generaliseras, men få jämförelser har gjorts mellan olika programvarors generaliseringsverktyg. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att jämföra och utvärdera verktyg för automatisk generalisering av kartobjekt i programvarorna ArcGIS Pro och FME Desktop. Det som undersöks och jämförs är hur verktygen i de båda programvarorna skiljer sig, om tidsåtgången vid användningen av verktygen är olika och hur resultatet efter generalisering av byggnader och vägar ser ut i de båda programvarorna. Resultatet från jämförelsen kan användas av kommuner eller olika länders nationella lantmäterier och kartverk vid valet av programvara för generalisering, eller vid generalisering av webbkartor. Tre typer av generaliseringsmetoder som kan användas på kartobjekt och som undersöktes vid jämförelsen av de två programvarorna i denna studie är förenkling, utjämning och sammanslagning. Vid digital och automatisk förenkling av linjer används förenklingsalgoritmer, vilka tar bort brytpunkter från linjens geometri för att förenkla den. Vid utjämning används utjämningsalgoritmer, vilka flyttar på brytpunkter i linjens geometri för att göra den mjukare. När sammanslagning av polygoner görs vid digital och automatisk generalisering grupperas först flera mindre polygoner ihop baserat på avståndet mellan dem, för att sedan ersättas av en enda större polygon. De data som i jämförelsen generaliserades i de båda programvarorna var vektordata från GSD-Fastighetskartan och från Karlstads kommuns baskarta. Resultatet från generaliseringen sammanställdes genom att antal brytpunkter, väglinjer och byggnadspolygoner samt byggnadsarea före och efter generalisering beräknades. Tidtagning gjordes på processerna i de båda programvarorna och programvarornas olika verktyg och respektive verktygs parametrar sammanställdes och jämfördes. Resultatet från jämförelsen visar att FME Desktop saknar möjligheter att tunna ut vägnätverk. Förenkling av väglinjer tar längre tid att genomföra i ArcGIS Pro och skillnaderna mellan det kvantitativa resultatet i båda programvarorna är liten, medan det finns några betydande skillnader i det grafiska resultatet, där topologin förändras efter förenkling i FME Desktop. De grafiska skillnaderna mellan utjämning av vägarna i de båda programvarorna anses vara obetydliga, men eftersom de utjämnade väglinjerna i ArcGIS Pro följer originallinjen närmre kan det medföra färre spatiala konflikter med kartobjekt i andra kartlager. Förenkling av byggnader anses inte lämpligt att göra med de verktyg som finns tillgängliga i FME Desktop. Det finns både för- och nackdelar med att göra sammanslagning av byggnader i FME Desktop istället för i ArcGIS Pro.

This theses reports on facts about pumped storage power plants. The first part of the theses introduces us to the importace of hydropower, consists of a description of historical development of pumping sets, and also defines limitations for its potential suitable localization. The research is processed via ArcGIS software and it´s methodologically divided into three phases. The first phase is searching for the minimum suitable terrain gradient on the whole Czech landscape and it defines local insterests for the next phase of research. The second phase is based on limited factors and assesses the chosen location of interest. The final phase provides detail on the most potentially suitable destinations with specific locations of pumped storage power plants. The study resulted in map outputs of final destinations and locations of interest across the Czech landscape. The distinction of source data and the importace of classification of enviromental factors are included in the discussion.

The transition to geographical data in 3D is facing big challenges regarding the creation of common standards for a functioning global spatial data infrastructure. The need for such data in planning processes has recently increased. Creating 3D-buildings in LOD1 is rather uncomplicated but creating buildings with a higher level of detail, that provide a better illustration of reality, are expensive and time consuming. The resources and efforts to establish geographical data in 3D differ in Sweden's municipalities, where some rural areas often do not have the same opportunities as urban areas. Therefore, a cost-effective and time-efficient method of creating 3D models for, e.g. municipal planning and civil dialogue would be well received. In this thesis project, the method of creating 3D buildings in ArcGIS Pro using the ExtractRoofForm tool is evaluated. Different data sources used as inputs were analyzed by comparing the outcome of successfully created buildings. In ArcGIS Pro, the calculation of root mean square error was used as measure to distinguish successful and unsuccessful buildings. The result of the ArcGIS Pro process was compared to 3D buildings in LOD2 produced by stereo mapping as reference data. The comparison was done by volume calculation, where the result indicates the significance of different inputs to the extraction of 3D buildings, and how well the evaluation of the process works. It could be shown that input data quality largely affects the process. Data with the highest quality gave the best results in the extraction process. The result of the volume calculation shows that successful buildings in ArcGIS Pro also had a high accuracy. Volume calculation and calculation of root mean square error show no correlation. A reason for this could be that there may be some problems evaluating the process of extracted 3D buildings resulting in more time-consuming work with editing after the extraction process. Still, the process of creating 3D buildings shows great potential for a successful outcome.
Övergången till geografisk information i 3D innebär ett stort arbete med att skapa gemensamma standarder för en fungerande GIS-samverkan världen över. Efterfrågan på presentation av geografisk information i 3D som en del i planeringsprocesser eller att utöva medborgardialog har på senare tid ökat. Att skapa 3D-byggnader i LOD1 är relativt enkelt men att kartera byggnader med en högre detaljnivå som ger en mer realistisk bild av verkligheten kan vara både dyrt och tidskrävande. Resurserna varierar mellan olika områden runt om i landet och vissa glesbygdsområden inte har samma möjlighet att erbjuda utbud av t.ex. medborgardialog som i mer urbana områden. Därför skulle en kostnad- och tidseffektiv metod att skapa 3D-modeller för exempelvis kommunal planeringsprocess och medborgardialog vara välkommen. I detta examensarbete utvärderas metoden att skapa 3D-byggnader i ArcGIS Pro med verktyget ”ExtractRoofForm”. Olika datakällor som används som indata analyserades genom att jämföra utfallet av lyckade byggnader. I ArcGIS Pro användes beräkning av medelfel som utvärdering för att skilja lyckade och mindre lyckade byggnader åt. Resultatet av processen i ArcGIS Pro jämfördes med 3D-byggnader i LOD2 framställda av stereokartering som referensdata. Jämförelsen gjordes med volymberäkning där resultatet avser att ge en fingervisning om betydelsen av indatakvalitet vid skapandet av 3D-byggnader samt om hur väl utvärderingen efter processen fungerar. Kvaliteten på indata visade sig efter analys ha betydelse där data med högst kvalitet också gav bäst utfall av lyckade 3D-byggnader. Resultatet av volymberäkning visade att byggnader med lyckat utfall i extraheringsprocessen också uppvisade en hög noggrannhet. Resultaten från volym-beräkning och beräkning av medelfelet visar ingen korrelation vilket tyder på att det kan finnas vissa problem med att utvärdera processen av skapade 3D-byggnader. Detta medför mer tidskrävande efterarbete än nödvändigt. Dock visar processen att skapa 3D-byggnader stora möjligheter till ett gott resultat.

Myndigheten Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning (SGU) har ett nationellt ansvar för att övervaka Sveriges grundvattennivåer. Eftersom det inte är möjligt att få ett heltäckande mätstationssystem måste grundvattennivån beräknas på vissa platser. Därför är det intressant att undersöka sambandet mellan grundvattennivån och utvald geografisk information, så kallade miljövariabler. På sikt kan maskininlärning komma att användas inom SGU för att beräkna grundvattennivån och då kan en förstudie vara till stor hjälp. Examensarbetets syfte är att genomföra en sådan förstudie genom att undersöka vilka miljövariabler som har störst betydelse för grundvattennivån och kartlägga modellosäkerheter vid grundvattenprediktering. Förstudien genomförs på sju områden inom SGUs grundvattennät där mätstationerna finns i grupper likt kluster. I förstudien används övervakad maskininlärning som i detta examensarbete innebär att medianvärden på grundvattennivån och miljövariablerna används för att träna modellerna. Med hjälp av statistisk data från modellerna kan prestandan utvärderas och justeringar göras. Algoritmen som används heter Random Forest som skapar ett klassifikations- och regressionsträd, vilket lär modellen att utifrån given indata fatta beslut som liknar männiksans beslutfattande. Modellerna ställs upp i ArcGIS Pros verktyg Forest-based Classification and Regression. På grund av områdenas geografiska spridning sätts flera separata modeller upp. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att prediktera grundvattennivån men betydelsen av de olika miljövariablerna varierar mellan de sju undersökta områdena. Orsaken till detta lär vara geografiska skillnader. Oftast har den absoluta höjden och markens lutningsriktning mycket stor betydelse. Höjd- och avståndsskillnad till låg och hög genomsläpplig jord har större betydelse än vad höjd- och avståndsskillnad har till medelhög genomsläpplig jord. Höjd- och avståndsskillnad har större betydelse till större vattendrag än till mindre vattendrag. Modellernas r2-värde är något låga men inom rimliga gränser för att vara hydrologiska modeller. Standardfelen är oftast inom rimliga gränser. Osäkerheten har visats genom ett     90 %-igt konfidensintervall. Osäkerheterna ökar med ökat avstånd till mätstationerna och är som högst vid hög altitud. Orsaken lär vara för få ingående observationer och för få observationer på hög höjd. Nära mätstationer, bebyggelse och i dalgångar är osäkerheterna i de flesta fallen inom rimliga gränser.
The Swedish authority Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) has a national responsibility to oversee the groundwater levels. A national network of measurement stations has been established to facilitate this. The density of measurement stations varies considerably. Since it will never be feasible to cover the entire country with measurement stations, the groundwater levels need to be computed in areas that are not in the near vicinity of a measurement station. For that reason, it is of interest to investigate the correlation between the groundwater levels and selected geographical information, so called environmental variables. In the future, SGU may use machine learning to compute the groundwater levels. The focus of this master's thesis is to study the importance of the environmental variables and model uncertainties in order to determine if this is a feasible option for implementation on a national basis. The study uses data from seven areas of the Groundwater network of SGU, where the measuring stations are in clusters. The pilot study uses a supervised machine learning method which in this case means that the median groundwater levels and the environmental variables train the models. By evaluating the model's statistical data output the performance can gradually be improved. The algorithm used is called “Random Forest” and uses a classification and regression tree to learn how to make decisions throughout a network of nodes, branches and leaves due to the input data. The models are set up by the prediction tool “Forest-based Classification and Regression” in ArcGIS Pro. Because the areas are geographically spread out, eight unique models are set up. The results show that it’s possible to predict groundwater levels by using this method but that the importance of the environmental variables varies between the different areas used in this study. The cause of this may be due to geographical and topographical differences. Most often, the absolute level over mean sea level and slope direction are the most important variables. Planar and height distance differences to low and high permeable soils have medium high importance while the distance differences to medium high permeable soils have lower importance. Planar and height distance differences are more important to lakes and large watercourses than to small watercourses and ditches.  The model’s r2-values are slightly low in theory but within reasonable limits to be a hydrological model. The Standard Errors Estimate (SSE) are also in most cases within reasonable limits. The uncertainty is displayed by a 90 % confidence interval. The uncertainties increase with increased distance to measuring stations and become greatest at high altitude. The cause of this may be due to having too few observations, especially in areas with high altitude. The uncertainties are smaller close to the stations and in valleys.
SGUs grundvattennät

The thesis deals with the question of using available sources of elevation data for the evaluation of topographic factor in estimating the amount of water erosion in the area. Work compares the results with consideration to the origin of the data, the accuracy and resolution of the digital terrain model, which is interpolated from the source data. The calculation of topographic factor in ArcGIS will be confronted with the results of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The frequency of compliance will tell us which data source and digital terrain model resolution is the most suitable for determining the topographic factor.

Det har blivit mer populärt att skapa 3D-modeller bland kommuner och företag idag. Det går att visualisera de flesta föremål i 3D, vilket kan skapa större tydlighet och därmed ökad förståelse. Lidköpings kommun vill kunna använda sin LiDAR-data till att visualisera byggnader samt kunna kombinera flera datalager med 3D-visualiseringar för att kunna skapa användbara karttjänster. I dagsläget finns det ingen programvara som kan skapa 3D-modeller av LiDAR-data i kommunen. Lidköpings kommun är intresserade av vilka alternativ för GIS-programvaror som finns. De programvaror som valts ut för att skapa 3D-modeller i studien är ArcGIS Pro och QGIS. ArcGIS Pro är en erkänd GIS-programvara på marknaden. Den är licensierad och kostsam. QGIS däremot är en GIS-programvara som är gratis och uppbyggd på fri källkod, vilket gör det möjligt att själv skapa algoritmer som sedan kan användas i programmet. Studien är en jämförelse mellan en programvara som är kostsam och en som är gratis. Metoden som används för att jämföra de båda programvarorna består av tre steg. Steg 1 är en programvarujämförelse, där olika påståenden ställer programvarornas kapacitet mot varandra. Steg 2 är en kontroll av lägesosäkerhet där koordinaterna av 3D-modellernas byggnadshörn jämförs med koordinater inmätta med totalstation. RMSE används för att jämföra lägesosäkerheten. Steg 3 är en visualiseringsanalys som sker igenom ett frågeformulär, vilket går ut till personer som är bekanta med GIS och 3D. Frågeformuläret ställer bilder med 3D-modeller från båda programvarorna mot varandra. Resultatet av samtliga tre steg visar, enligt metoden som har utförts, att ArcGIS Pro är den bättre programvaran. I steg 1 hade ArcGIS Pro fördelar på fem av åtta påståenden jämfört med QGIS. QGIS hade dock mindre tidsåtgång än ArcGIS Pro. I steg 2 hade ArcGIS Pro RMSE för höjd värdet; 1,617, vilket var lägre än RMSE-värdet; 1,961 i QGIS. Enligt svaren från enkäten i steg 3 bedömde ca 90 % av de svarande att ArcGIS Pro var det bättre programmet i de flesta avseenden för de avsedda ändamålen. Vissa jämförelser blev inte helt jämna. QGIS hade minst tidsåtgång för att det inte blev lika mycket felkoder som behövde undersökas som i ArcGIS Pro, även om processen för skapandet av 3D-modeller gick snabbare i ArcGIS Pro. Lägesosäkerhetsjämförelsen på höjd i ArcGIS pro var närmare de inmätta punkterna, då takmodellen skapade större tydlighet. Det blev lättare att se var taket började. I QGIS fanns det ingen takmodell, vilket gjorde det svårare att få höjden exakt.
It has become more popular to create 3D models among local governments and companies today. Now it´s possible to visualize most objects in 3D, which can give an increased understanding. The local government in Lidköping wants to be able to use their LiDAR data to visualize buildings and to combine several data layers with 3D visualizations to create useful web map services. At the present, there is no software that are able create 3D models of LiDAR data at the Local government. The local government in Lidköping is interested in testing different options for modelling in 3D. Two software packages were chosen; ArcGIS Pro and QGIS. ArcGIS Pro is a GIS software that is highly acknowledged in the market. It´s licensed and can be considered expensive. QGIS is a software that is completely free to use and uses open source code, which makes it possible to create algorithms that can then be used in the program. In this view, there will be comparison between a software that is expensive and a software that is completely free. The method used to compare the two software consists of three stages. Stage 1 is a software comparison, where the software capabilities are set against each other in different scenarios. Stage 2 is an investigation of positional accuracy where the coordinates of the 3D model's building corners are compared with coordinates measured with Total Station as reference. RMSE is used to compare positional accuracy. Stage 3 is a visualization analysis that takes place through a questionnaire answered by people who are familiar with GIS and 3D. The result of all three stages, according to the method performed, shows that ArcGIS Pro is the better software. At stage 1, ArcGIS Pro won five out of eight scenarios against QGIS, though QGIS was more time efficient than ArcGIS Pro. At stage 2, ArcGIS Pro had a RMSE value for height of 1,617, which is lower than the 1,961 RMSE value that was on QGIS. At stage 3, ArcGIS Pro had over 90% of the reply rate for most of the questions, representing that ArcGIS Pro’s images were better to visualize the different scenarios. Some comparisons were not completely even though. QGIS had better time accuracy because it did not get as much errors which needed further investigations as in ArcGIS Pro. Although ArcGIS Pro’s processes for creating 3D models were faster. The positional accuracy comparison for the building’s height shows higher accuracy between ArcGIS Pro and the Total Station’s measurements. In QGIS the 3D-modell had no roof model, which made it harder to get accurate height of the building.

In recent times the demand of high resolution 3D data has seen a rise, and the applications of airborne LiDAR data are increasing. Automatic extraction of building roofs is important in many of these applications such as city modelling. In 2018, Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) is planning a new flight to collect airborne LiDAR data. This data may become useful in extracting roof planes. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate automatic methods for extracting buildings from airborne LiDAR data, and to perform a quality assessment of the footprints.This thesis proposes specific methods of extraction in using software called ArcGIS Pro and FME. The method was to process raw LiDAR points by separating the ground points, and finding building points through plane detection of points in clusters. Vegetation was removed using height difference of the points and the area. Polygons were created from the building points and a quality assessment was then carried out concerning completeness, accuracy and RMSE. The result on four different data sets shows a more appropriate extraction in FME. Lower point density sometimes leads to better extraction of buildings because of less vegetation. Higher point density has the advantage of higher accuracy and can extract smaller buildings, but includes more vegetation. The proposed method is recommended for larger buildings (>25 m2) and a LiDAR point density around 12 points/m2.

Master thesis is focused on formation of digital terrain model. The aim of work is to become acquainted with a dilemma in regard to terrain formation theory from the very beginning of data gathering process up to landscape digital model creation of interested area. The result of thesis is to compare advantages and disadvantages of particular programs destined for 3D modelling (ArcGIS, AutoCAD, Atlas DMT, Microstation, Catia, SolidWorks) in relation to geodetics and geoinformatics.

Teknisk utveckling och ökad användning av GIS har ökat behovet av data som snabbt kan insamlas över stora geografiska områden. Behovet är internationellt samtidigt som det också kräver samarbete mellan alla berörda parter då systemet har förmågan att presentera geografisk information med ett brett användningsområde. Höjdförhållanden i terräng erhålls genom flygburen laserskanning och presenteras i 3D med olika klassningar för att bemöta variation i signalens reflektion. Behovet av sådan information har använts för produkter baserat på data erhållen från laserskanning. I examensarbetet användes laserdata från två skanningsomgångar beställda av Lantmäteriet. Den första laserskanningen (2011) utfördes i syfte att skapa en noggrann nationell höjdmodell innehållande klassificering av de laserpunkter som representerar mark och vatten. Den senare (2019) i syfte att uppnå en punkttäthet >1 punkt/m2 utan kriterier för vad som skall klassificeras. Syftet med examensarbetet är att testa och utvärdera olika metoder i ArcGIS Pro, QGIS samt FME för att kvalitetssäkra kartering av hustak. Målet är att visa om extraheringen kan utföras med en tillräcklig kvalitet för att metoden ska rekommenderas. Tidigare studier har fokuserat på att skapa tre olika typer höjdmodeller DEM/DTM, DSM och nDSM, samt hur man kan skapa en markyta med objekten över marken. Examensarbetet fokuserade på att klassificera oklassificerade punkter som byggnader finns inom. Detta utfördes med olika metoder i de program som användes med samma parametrar. Klassificering, extrahering och skapande av polygoner var de tre steg som användes för att extrahera hustak. Extrahering av hustak gav ett bättre resultat med ArcGIS Pro med 97 % från båda skanningsomgångarna. Detta värde berodde på cellstorlek som användes och hur buffertzoner omkring varje punkt påverkas på polygoner som i sin tur påverkades av hustakens areal. En enkät utfördes för att svara på en fråga och resultatet gav att ArcGIS Pro är bäst med 93,5 %. De problem som uppstod berodde främst på att vegetation inte kunde tas bort. Extrahering av byggnader från laserdata rekommenderas för ett punktmoln med den senare laserskanningen som har mer än 1 punkt/m². Vidare rekommenderas att använda ArcGIS Pro för att extrahera hustak från laserpunktmoln. ESRI’s ArcGIS Pro är ett komplett program som har alla verktyg som behövs.
The development of technology within GIS has increased the need for the data that being quickly added while covering large geographical areas. Such need is at the international level, while requiring a willingness to cooperate for all parties involved, as the system can present geographical information with a wide range of applications. The need for such information has been used for products based on data obtained from laser scanning. In this thesis, laser data from two scanning sessions ordered by the Swedish Land Survey were used. The first laser scan (2011) was carried out with the aim of creating an accurate national elevation model (RH 2000) containing a classification of the laser points representing soil and water. The latter (2019) was done to achieve a spot density >1 point/m2 without criteria for classification. The purpose of the current thesis is to test and evaluate the available methods in ArcGIS Pro, QGIS and FME to ensure quality mapping of roofs. The aim was to investigate whether the extraction of roofs? can be carried out with an adequate quality so that the method can be recommended for the future works. Previous studies have focused on creating three types of elevation models DEM / DTM, DSM and nDSM. So, one can create an earth surface with the objects above the ground. In this thesis, the focus was on classifying point clouds for unassigned points (unassigned == 1) in which the buildings are located. This was done by testing different methods on different programs while keeping the parameters same. Classification, extraction and creation of polygons are the three steps used to extract roofs. Extraction of rooftops showed better results using ArcGIS Pro with 97 % from both scanning sessions. This was due to the cell size used in the study and that the buffer zones around each point were affected by polygons, which in turn were affected by the rooftop area. A survey was conducted to answer a question and the result showed that ArcGIS Pro is the best with 93,5 %. Problems that arose the study were mainly caused by the vegetation cover that could not be removed. As a conclusion, extraction of buildings from LiDAR-data is recommended for a point cloud with the latter laser scan with more than 1 point/m². Furthermore, it is recommended to use ArcGIS Pro to extract rooftops from laser scanning which is a comprehensive program i.e. that all the tools used in this thesis were freely downloaded from ESRI's ArcGIS Pro.

The goal of this thesis is to explore existing solutions of closed and open data sharing, propose options of sharing non-public data, implement selected solution and demonstrate the functionality of the system for sharing closed data. Implementation output consist of a catalog of non-public datasets, web application for administration of non-public datasets, application interface gateway and demonstration application.

This thesis presents the design concepts and development of an interface (Pre- Pro2004) utilizing geodatabases for the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) of the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC). HMS is a rainfall-runoff model which supports lumped-parameter as well as distributed-parameter based modeling. PrePro2004 uses the spatial-analysis as well as data handling capabilities of ArcGIS. The spatial data are processed to create input files for HMS. These input files and the output from HMS are stored in two geodatabases which were developed using data model concepts. The tools are provided to reproduce an HMS model from the data inside these geodatabases. The interface is developed based on the DataCentric approach which brings different hydrologic and hydraulic models together. This approach aims to attain a long-term goal of utilizing the same data for different hydrologic or hydraulic models with additional model specific requirements. Two case studies are presented to show the applications of the tools developed. The first case study details the creation of HMS input files for Salado Creek watershed with Digital Elevation Model as input. It includes the importation of an existing HMS model for Salado Creek watershed as Appendix C. The second case study details the creation of HMS input files for the Bull Creek watershed, with land use and soil type data as inputs. It describes the capabilities of tools developed in detail.

Doutoramento em Literatura
Este estudo pretende, num primeiro momento, identificar as traduções portuguesas do discurso de Cícero Pro Archia , os seus autores e o contexto histórico e cultural em que foram produzidas. As traduções inéditas encontram- -se aqui editadas e as edições impressas com mais de uma edição têm uma edição crítica. Há ainda lugar a uma reflexão sobre as possíveis edições latinas do Pro Archia consultadas pelos tradutores. O segundo momento é dedicado à análise comparativa destas traduções, que assenta quer em aspectos linguísticos e lexicais específicos quer nos processos de tradução de cada texto, relacionando-os com o contexto de produção de cada uma.
First, this study aims at identifying Portuguese translations of Cicero's speech Pro Archia , their authors and the historical and cultural context where they were produced. Unpublished translations are edited in this work and translations published more than once have now a critical edition. I also indicate possible Latin editions of the Pro Archia consulted by Portuguese translators. In the second part of this thesis, there is a comparative analysis of those translations that includes linguistic and lexical items and a study of translation processes of each text interrelating them to the production context of each one.

This thesis deals with identification, analysis and critical assessment of challenges for international relations arising in the Arctic in connection with global climate change, which results mainly into decrease of the sea ice. Copenhagen School forms the primary theoretical bedrock of the thesis. The thesis maps the approach of different theoretical paradigms to the Arctic region throughout the history and on this basis it justifies the relevance of application of the concept of security sectors defined by Copenhagen School on the region. The thesis also maps the current governance mechanisms of the Arctic region as far as international law and institutional arrangements are concerned. The analysis of concrete challenges for international relations is structured according to the sectors of security defined by Copenhagen School. Thus, challenges in the environmental, societal, economic, political and military sectors are examined.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as áreas de tensões produzidas por arcos ortodônticos expandidos associados a diferentes tipos de bráquetes durante a fase de alinhamento e nivelamento ortodôntico. A partir de modelos de gesso adquiridos durante a fase de nivelamento ortodôntico do arco dentário inferior de um mesmo paciente, obteve-se 3 modelos fotoelásticos que receberam 3 diferentes tipos de bráquetes: convencional (Ovation®, GAC International, New York, EUA), autoligável ativo (In-Ovation®, GAC International, New York, EUA) e autoligável passivo (Damom 3MX®, Ormco, Califórnia, EUA), associados a arcos de liga de níquel-titânio 0.014\" e 0.014\" x 0.025\" e de liga de aço 0.019\" x 0.025\". Os modelos fotoelásticos com os respectivos arcos e bráquetes ortodônticos foram observados em polariscópio circular, e as imagens fotográficas das regiões dos incisivos, pré-molares e molares foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. A análise qualitativa foi realizada pela identificação da ordem e coloração das franjas nos locais onde ocorreram, e a quantitativa foi realizada utilizando o software Matlab® para a identificação dos padrões de cores RGB nas áreas dos terços médio-apicais dos dentes de cada região. Os dados obtidos das diferentes associações arcos/bráquetes ortodônticos foram comparados estatisticamente pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Pode-se concluir que, na região dos incisivos, as maiores tensões ocorreram quando os arcos ortodônticos foram associados aos bráquetes autoligados passivos. Na região dos pré-molares, as maiores tensões ocorreram quando o arco 0.014\" foi associado ao bráquete convencional, em movimentos de segunda ordem (extrusão) e de angulação, e quando os arcos retangulares foram associados aos bráquetes autoligados passivos. Na região dos molares, as maiores tensões ocorreram quando os arcos retangulares foram associados aos tubos ortodônticos com maior prescrição de inclinação (Ovation® e In-Ovation®).
The aim of this research was to evaluate the areas of tension produced by expanded orthodontic arches associated with different types of brackets during the orthodontic leveling phase. From plaster models of a single patient lower dental arch obtained during the orthodontic alignment and leveling phase, three photoelastic models were developed that received three different types of brackets: convencional (Ovation®, GAC International, New York, EUA); active self ligation bracktes (In-Ovation®, GAC International, New York, EUA) e passive self ligation bracktes (Damom 3MX®, Ormco, Califórnia, EUA), associated with 0.014\" and 0.014\" ? 0.025\" titanium-nickel alloy arches and 0.019\" ? 0.025\" alloy steel arches. These models were analyzed in a circular polariscope; photographic images of the incisor, premolar, and molar regions were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The first analysis was obtained by identifying the photoelastic fringe order at sites where they occurred, and the second one was obtained using Matlab® software to identify RGB color patterns in middle apical tooth areas of each region. Data from the different orthodontic arches and brackets were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Our results showed that in the incisors region the greatest tensions occurred when the orthodontic arches were associated to the self-ligating passive brackets; in the premolars region, by the association of the 0.014\" arch and conventional bracket in second order (extrusion) and angulation movements and when the rectangular arches were associated with the passive self-ligating brackets. The greatest tensions in the molar regions occurred by association of rectangular arches and inclination high prescriptions orthodontics tubes (Ovation® and In-Ovation®).

Thesis deal with tuning of database Oracle, which is used by digital archive SAFE. In the concrete deal with setting parameters of database. It is divided to three parts. In first part it characterizes factors that influence performance of database. In second part it describes possibilities of tuning and setting Oracle database. In third part it is first introduced digital archive SAFE, after that it is chosen suitable testing tool for workload generation and described test scenarios and last are performed tests and compared results at different database database settings. Goal of thesis is description and trial tuning of Oracle database, which is used by digital archive SAFE. Other goal is test of files inserting into digital archive at different settings (saving to the database, on file system). These goals are achieved by testing tool workload generation and compare response time at different settings. Contribution of this thesis is above all trial of tuning Oracle database, which is used by digital archive SAFE. Document can be used like handbook for implementatory of tested implementation of digital archive SAFE.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias Tavares
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O comprimento do arco elétrico é um parâmetro importante para a modelagem matem ática do arco elétrico. O perfil da variação do comprimento do arco atualmente é estimado pela análise da tensão medida entre os terminais do arco e da corrente do arco. Porém esses resultados não são conclusivos, pois não apresentam uma medição (escala métrica) do eixo-médio tridimensional do arco elétrico. Por outro lado, as imagens da evolução do arco podem fornecer informação suficiente à reconstrução do seu eixo tridimensional e à estimativa do comprimento do arco a cada instante, determinando uma curva de variação do comprimento. A principal contribuição deste trabalho, portanto, reside na obtenção da estimativa do comprimento do arco e, por conseguinte, do alongamento de arcos elétricos baseada na aplicação do modelo snake-3D na reconstrução tridimensional dos eixos longitudinais de arcos elétricos gerados artificialmente. Foram realizados diferentes experimentos para avaliar a proposta de aplicação da snake-3D. Inicialmente, algumas características geométricas dos arcos foram reproduzidas em curvas paramétricas cujas projeções, sobre seções de planos, formaram as sequências de pares de imagens e determinaram os conjuntos de casos experimentais. Em seguida os resultados obtidos através da aplicação da snake-3D foram analisados comparativamente a outros métodos de reconstrução 3D frente aos valores verdadeiros dos comprimentos das curvas. Também foram realizados experimentos com um objeto concreto, nesse caso, um neon flexível manipulado defronte a um par de câmeras reais. As matrizes de calibração foram determinadas por meio de procedimento específico, o comprimento verdadeiro do objeto foi estimado por meio de medição direta e comparado aos resultados obtidos através da aplicação da snake-3D e outro método de reconstrução 3D. Em seguida a snake-3D foi aplicada a imagens de arcos elétricos reais cuja evolução foi capturada utilizando câmeras reais. Nesses casos as estimativas dos comprimentos por meio de snake-3D foram contrapostas aos estudos baseados na análise dos sinais de tensão e de corrente medidos nas extremidades do arco em evolução. Os comprimentos obtidos com a abordagem proposta foram semelhantes aos obtidos através de medidas elétricas, o que valida o uso da metodologia desenvolvida para este tipo de aplicação
Abstract: The electrical arc length is an important parameter for the arc mathematical modeling. Nowadays the profile of the arc length variation is estimated by the analysis of the voltage measured at the extremities of the arc and the current of the arc. But these results are not conclusive because they do not present a metrical measurement of the three-dimensional medial-axis of the arc. On the other hand, the images of the spatial evolution of the arc can provide enough resources for recovering the 3D longitudinal axis for estimation of the arc length as well as for obtaining the curve of length variation along the time. The main contribution of this work therefore lies in the estimation of the arc length, and consequently the elongation of electric arcs based on the application of the model (3D-snake) for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the longitudinal axes of artificially generated electrical arcs. Different experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed application of the 3D-snake. Initially, some geometrical characteristics of the arcs were reproduced in parametric curves whose projections formed sequences of image pairs and determined the sets of test cases. Then the results obtained by applying the 3D-snake were analyzed in comparison to other 3D reconstruction methods against the true values of the lengths of curves. Also experiments were performed with a concrete object, in this case, a flexible neon manipulated in front of a pair of real cameras. The calibration matrices were determined by specific procedure, the length of the real object was estimated by direct measurement and compared to results obtained by applying the 3D-snake and other 3D reconstruction method. Next the 3D-snake was applied to real images of arcs whose evolutions were captured using real cameras. In these cases the estimation of measurement through 3D-snake were opposed to results based on arc current and arc voltage measured at arc terminals. The lengths obtained with the proposed model were similar to those obtained through electrical measurements, which validates the use of the method developed for this type of application
Doutorado
Engenharia de Computação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

In the Arctic Ocean, almost 50% of the seafloor is underlain by continental shelf. However, the geology of the pre-rift continental crust that makes up the basement of the shelf is poorly constrained because it is overlain by thick Cenozoic sedimentary cover. This study explores the available data and methods for mapping the continental bedrock geology beneath the sediments. In a GIS framework, extrapolation of geological map units to the shelf edge was guided by onshore structure and offshore bathymetry. The compilation involved identification of data sources, development of a common legend for pre-rift basement geology, building attributes tables for analysis, and extrapolating geological contacts. As a first-order assessment of mineral resource potential of the continental shelf, permissive tracts for certain mineral deposit types were also identified. The analysis includes a case study of permissive geology for magmatic Ni-Cu deposits in the Taimyr Peninsula in northern Russia.

This master's thesis describes possibilities of Oracle Database 10g and 11g monitoring. It let the reader know about practical tools for monitoring and describes the database's internal catalogs preserving statistics and the information about running database instances within history. Next, it describes design of an Oracle database monitoring tool, describtion of its implementation and at the end its evaluation and comparison with other similar applications.

Since a few decades ago, the cold-formed steel industry has developed a press-forming procedure to bend trapezoidal commercial steel sheeting into an arched shape. The main quality of these arches is to be self-supporting, so these curved panels are usually placed between the primary frames of a structure to make the roof. Their spans range, commonly, between three and six meters. Moreover the higher the span of the curved panels, the lower the number frames, which also reduces the cost of the structure. For this reason, it seems that in the future the trend will be to increase the span. In fact, panels whose span ranges between six and nine meters are beginning to be used in Spain. The manufacturing procedure to create an arch from a trapezoidal steel sheet is very simple. The profile is introduced between two dies that create a small and localized bent. The press forming work allows to curve the profile, but at the same time introduces a large number of transverse corrugations, or embossments, that modifies the load bearing capacity of the panel. As a consequence, the effective properties of the flat profile cannot be used to design the curved panel. The main problem is to know how to take in account the effect of these corrugations. Nowadays, there is not any design code giving guidelines on this subject. There is neither calculation method for the corrugated panels, nor a standardized experimental tests procedure from which to obtain their effective properties or their strength. The present investigation is focused on how the corrugation affects to the behavior of the original ribbed panel. The behavior of the original ribbed panel and the corrugated profile were investigated separately, and afterwards compared. The analysis of both profiles was carried out under positive pure bending, negative pure bending and pure compression. In the future this procedure will allow using the expressions commonly applied in the design codes that evaluate the interaction between pure internal forces. Analytically, the research is based on simulations by the Finite Element Method (FEM), and on the Generalized Yield Line Theory. Both approaches are complementary. The first one allows to quantify more rigorously the effect of the corrugation. The second one, allows to analyze in depth the behavior of the corrugated profile. Experimentally, the original and the corrugated profile are tested under positive pure bending to corroborate the results obtained analytically. The present work provides a simple, fast, and effective hand method that allows to "predict", approximately, the behavior of the original profile, the behavior of the corrugated profile, and the lost of strength and plastic capacity of the profile after the press-forming. This investigation also provides the basis to analyze the effect of different depths of corrugations.
Los arcos estructurales conformados por embutición a partir de paneles nervados en frío han comenzado a emplearse en la construcción recientemente. Este nuevo elemento estructural posee la cualidad de ser auto-portante, por lo que una vez obtenido en fábrica, se transporta hasta obra y se coloca directamente sobre las vigas principales de una estructura a modo de cubrición. Estos arcos, que comenzaron cubriendo luces de pequeñas a moderadas, entre tres y seis metros, han ido ganando confianza en el mercado, y en España, comienza a ser común ver arcos salvando luces entre seis y nueve metros. La ventaja económica es indudable, dado que las luces que cubren son equiparables a un sistema de cubrición convencional. No necesita disponer vigas, ni viguetas, y su ejecución es sencilla y rápida de acometer. La problemática que presenta esta tipología estructural es que el curvado de paneles nervados conformados en frío con el fin de generar un arco se realiza mediante un proceso de estampación reiterada. Dicho proceso induce en el perfil embuticiones transversales cuyo efecto sobre el comportamiento del perfil es desconocido. Los parámetros mecánicos del panel nervado con embuticiones, tales como el área efectiva y el módulo resistente efectivo, necesarios para proceder al cálculo del arco, han sido afectados por el proceso de conformado. El presente trabajo de investigación se ha focalizado en determinar en qué medida, y cómo, la embutición afecta al comportamiento del panel nervado original. A modo de comparativa, se investiga por separado el comportamiento del perfil nervado original y el del perfil con embutición. Ambos perfiles han sido analizados ante las solicitaciones de flexión pura positiva, flexión pura negativa y compresión pura. Se procede así de forma similar a las metodologías de diseño que recogen las normas, donde se emplean expresiones que evalúan la interacción entre esfuerzos puros. Analíticamente, la investigación se enfoca mediante la realización de simulaciones por el Método de los Elementos Finitos, (MEF), y mediante la Teoría Generalizada de las Líneas de Plastificación, (TGLP) Experimentalmente, se procede a la realización de ensayos con el fin de corroborar los resultados alcanzados mediante vía analítica. El presente trabajo de investigación aporta un método manual sencillo, rápido y eficaz que permite “predecir”, de forma aproximativa, el comportamiento del perfil original, el comportamiento del perfil con embutición, la reducción de resistencia de un perfil respecto a otro y la pérdida de capacidad plástica del perfil debida al proceso de conformado de la embutición. Este procedimiento establece también las bases para analizar el efecto de las diferentes profundidades de embutición que la máquina de estampación es capaz de realizar.

Según estudios estadísticos a nivel mundial, una de las principales causas de fallos en puentes corresponde a problemas relacionados con la interacción entre estructura e hidráulica produciendo altos costos humanos y económicos. La mayoría de las patologías se relacionan con procesos de socavación y erosión en pilas y estribos, específicamente en las cimentaciones de las pilas, siendo necesario tomar medidas para su refuerzo. Las dificultades en la inspección y mantenimiento de la infraestructura, junto con la ineficiencia y elevados costos en la implementación de los refuerzos convencionales (pilotajes, recrecidos, entre otros) ha motivado al Departamento de Puentes, Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile, el desarrollo de una nueva técnica de refuerzo con el objetivo de eliminar la causa de la patología: las pilas y sus cimentaciones, focalizándose el estudio en puentes con tipología de viga continua de varios vanos de hormigón armado. La metodología propuesta considera el cambio estructural del puente incorporando arcos superiores atirantados con configuración de péndolas network y vertical encargados de levantar tablero y esfuerzos en el arco. A partir de ello, se verifica el comportamiento del refuerzo en etapas de construcción y posteriormente en estado de servicio mediante un análisis de las cargas de tráfico y accidentales (capítulo 5). Los resultados dan lugar a la sistematización del método de refuerzo alternativo propuesto, incluyendo la propuesta estructural y tecnológica, la factibilidad del proceso constructivo y, finalmente, un conjunto de criterios básicos de diseño para este tipo de refuerzos (capítulo 6). Finalmente, la validación estructural del método y un primer estudio económico de costes comparado respecto a otros métodos convencionales de refuerzo, entregan para futuros ingenieros un conjunto de criterios y recomendaciones básicas para la implementación de esta técnica. el tablero del puente original, el cuál, gracias a la aplicación de un pretensado exterior, actúa como tirante del sistema del arco, contrarrestando los empujes horizontales del mismo en los arranques. El levantamiento del tablero desde los soportes permite la demolición de éstos, reduciendo los riesgos relacionados con la interacción de la estructura con el flujo del cauce; además de reutilizar parte del puente original y entregar un nuevo concepto estético. Para determinar la factibilidad del método, se pone énfasis en el estudio del método constructivo a partir del proceso de tesado de las péndolas así como en su comportamiento en servicio posterior, teniendo en cuenta las solicitaciones sísmicas, de gran importancia en Chile. El proceso constructivo a plantear debe satisfacer dos requisitos fundamentales: evitar tensiones excesivas en el tablero para no superar las solicitaciones existentes en el puente original; y permitir un levantamiento total de la superestructura desde las pilas dañadas. El tener que mantener unos determinados niveles de tensión en el tablero original supone una complejidad adicional respecto a lo que sería el diseño y construcción de un puente arco tipo network totalmente nuevo. Nos encontramos pues ante un problema de optimización (orden y magnitud de las fuerzas de tesado para levantar el tablero) con fuertes condiciones de contorno (no superar los niveles máximos de esfuerzos en el tablero original). Frente a la complejidad del proceso de optimización multiobjetivo del proceso de tesado, se descarta el uso de una optimización manual (prueba y error), en favor de una metodología que combina el uso automatizado de programas de elementos finitos y métodos de optimización meta-heurísticos (algoritmos genéticos). Esta herramienta, desarrollada, calibrada y validada (capítulo 3), proporciona todo un conjunto de soluciones factibles del proceso constructivo. El algoritmo desarrollado se utiliza como herramienta para el estudio e implementación de esta metodología en dos puentes carreteros ubicados en la zona central de Chile, con tipología original de viga continua y con importantes problemas de socavación: San Luis (60 metros de longitud total distribuidos en cuatro vanos) y Puangue (72 metros de longitud total distribuidos en cuatro vanos). Mediante la aplicación práctica a estos dos puentes carreteros, se desarrolla un estudio paramétrico en etapa constructiva (capítulo 4), considerando como variables: el tipo de perfil del arco, la configuración de las péndolas network, entre otros, entregándose la influencia que tiene cada una de ellas en relación a la capacidad de levantamiento, admisibilidad de tensiones en el
According to statistical studies worldwide, one of the main causes of damages in bridges correspond to problems related to the interaction between structure and hydraulic provoking high human and economic costs. Most pathology is related to processes of scour and erosion in piers and abutments, specifically in the foundations of the piers, being necessary to take strengthening measures. The difficulties in inspection and maintenance of infrastructure, and the inefficiency related to the high costs in the implementation of conventional strengthening methods (pile driving, screeds, etc.) has prompted the Department of Bridges, Ministry of Public Works of Chile, the development of a new method of strengthening in order to eliminate the cause of the pathology: the piers and its foundations, focusing the study on continuous bridges with several spans and cross-section of built up reinforced concrete beams plus an upper slab. The proposed methodology considers a structural change of bridge by the incorporation of upper arches with a network and vertical hangers arrangement, which, through the application of external prestressing, allows the system to behave as a bow tied, balancing the horizontal thrusts in its edges. The lifting of the deck from the supports via the vertical hangers allows their demolition, reducing the risks associated with the interaction of the structure with the river flow (scour), in addition to reuse the original bridge and deliver a new aesthetic. To determine the feasibility of the method, the study emphasizes on the construction method, specially on the process of tensioning of the hangers and their behaviour in service, considering the seismic loads, relevant in Chile. The construction process proposed must satisfy two fundamental requirements: to avoid excessive stress on the deck not to exceed the stresses existing in the original bridge or the maximum material strength and allowing a total lift of the superstructure from the damaged piers. Maintain certain level of stress on the original deck is an additional significant complexity, compared with the design and construction of a new network arch bridge. This derives on an optimization problem (order and magnitude of tensioning forces to lift the deck) with strong boundary conditions (not to exceed the maximum internal forces in the original deck). Given the complexity of multi-objective optimization of the tensioning process, the use of manual optimization (trial and error) is rejected, for a methodology that combines the use of automated finite element programs and methods of optimization meta-heuristics (genetic algorithms). This tool, developed, calibrated and validated (Chapter 3) provides a whole set of feasible solutions of the construction process. The algorithm developed is used as a tool for the study and implementation of this methodology on two highway bridges located in central Chile, with a original typology of continuous beam and important problems of scour: San Luis (60 meters total length in four spans) and Puangue (72 meters total length in four spans). Through the practical application of these two road bridges, a parametric study of the constructive stages is developed (Chapter 4), considering as variables: the arch profile, the network hangers arrangement, among others, giving the influence of each in relation to the lifting capacity, admissibility of stresses in the deck and internal forces in the arch. From this, the performance in construction and service stages is studied through an analysis of traffic and accidental loads (chapter 5). The results, lead to the systematization of the strengthening proposed method, including structural and technological proposals, the feasibility of the construction process and finally, a set of basic design criteria for this type of strengthening (Chapter 6). Finally, the structural validation of the method and a first economic study of costs compared to other conventional strengthening methods give a set of criteria and recommendations for the implementation of this technique.
Segons estudis estadístics a nivell mundial, una de les principals causes de fallades en ponts correspon a problemes relacionats amb la interacció entre estructura i hidràulica produint alts costos humans i econòmics. La majoria de les patologies es relacionen amb processos de soscavació i erosió en piles i estreps, específicament en les fonamentacions de les piles, i caldrà prendre mesures per reforç. Les dificultats en la inspecció i manteniment de la infraestructura, juntament amb la ineficiència i elevats costos en la implementació dels reforços convencionals (pilotatges, recrescuts, entre altres) ha motivat al Departament de Ponts, Ministeri d'Obres Públiques de Xile, el desenvolupament de una nova tècnica de reforç amb l'objectiu d'eliminar la causa de la patologia: les piles i els seus fonaments, focalitzant l'estudi en ponts amb tipologia de biga contínua de diversos trams de formigó armat. La metodologia proposada considera el canvi estructural del pont incorporant arcs superiors atirantats amb configuració de pèndoles network i vertical encarregats d'aixecar el tauler del pont original, el qual, gràcies a l'aplicació d'un pretensat exterior, actua com tirant del sistema de l'arc, contrarestant les empentes horitzontals de la mateixa en les arrencades. L'aixecament del tauler des dels supports permet la demolició d'aquests, reduint els riscos relacionats amb la interacció de l'estructura amb el flux de la llera, a més de reutilitzar part del pont original i donar un nou concepte estètic. Per determinar la factibilitat del mètode, es posa èmfasi en l'estudi del mètode constructiu a partir del procés de tesat de les pèndoles així com en el seu comportament en servei posterior, tenint en compte les sol·licitacions sísmiques, de gran importància a Xile. El procés constructiu a plantejar ha de satisfer dos requisits fonamentals: evitar tensions excessives en el tauler per no superar les sol·licitacions existents en el pont original, i permetre un aixecament total de la superestructura des de les piles danyades. El haver de mantenir uns determinats nivells de tensió en el tauler original suposa una complexitat addicional respecte al que seria el disseny i construcció d'un pont arc tipus network totalment nou. Ens trobem doncs davant d'un problema d'optimització (ordre i magnitud de les forces de tesat per aixecar el tauler) amb fortes condicions de contorn (no superar els nivells màxims d'esforços en el tauler original). Davant la complexitat del procés d'optimització multiobjectiu del procés de tesat, es descarta l'ús d'una optimització manual (prova i error), a favor d'una metodologia que combina l'ús automatitzat de programes d'elements finits i mètodes d'optimització meta-heurístics (algorismes genètics). Aquesta eina, desenvolupada, calibrada i validada (capítol 3), proporciona tot un conjunt de solucions factibles del procés constructiu. El algorisme desenvolupat s'utilitza com a eina per a l'estudi i implementació d'aquesta metodologia en dos ponts carreters ubicats a la zona central de Xile, amb tipologia original de biga contínua i amb importants problemes de soscavació: Sant Lluís (60 metres de longitud total distribuïts en quatre obertures) i Puangue (72 metres de longitud total distribuïts en quatre obertures). Mitjançant l'aplicació pràctica a aquests dos ponts carreters, es desenvolupa un estudi paramètric en etapa constructiva (capítol 4), considerant com a variables: el tipus de perfil del arc, la configuració de les pèndoles network, entre altres, lliurant la influència que té cada una d'elles en relació a la capacitat d'aixecament, admissibilitat de tensions en el tauler i esforços en l'arc. A partir d'això, es verifica el comportament del reforç en etapes de construcció i posteriorment en estat de servei mitjançant una anàlisi de les càrregues de trànsit i accidentals (capítol 5). Els resultats donen lloc a la sistematització del mètode de reforç alternatiu proposat, inclosa la proposta estructural i tecnològica, la factibilitat del procés constructiu i, finalment, un conjunt de criteris bàsics de disseny per a aquest tipus de reforços (capítol 6). Finalment, la validació estructural del mètode i un primer estudi econòmic de costos comparat respecte a altres mètodes convencionals de reforç, lliuren per a futurs enginyers un conjunt de criteris i recomanacions bàsiques per a la implementació d'aquesta tècnica.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias da Saude
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Com propósito de verificar se os conceitos sobre o triângulo equilátero infantil de Carrea podem ser aplicados à amostra selecionada, o autor examinou modelos de arcadas dentárias de 100 crianças leucodermas de Curitiba (PR), com idades de 4 anos completos a 6 anos incompletos, portadoras de características oclusais dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Concluiu que não houve relação entre o perímetro do segundo molar decíduo e a distância entre os segundos molares decíduos, em ambos os arcos e em ambos os sexos; que com as médias das distâncias entre os pontos médios cérvico-palatinos dos segundos molares decíduos, entre estes e o ponto dentário superior, na maxila e entre os pontos mais distantes dos segundos molares inferiores decíduos e entre estes e o ponto dentário de Bonwill, na mandíbula, foi possível traçar um triângulo equilátero para cada arco dentário; que em ambos os sexos as bissetrizes dos ângulos da base do triângulo equilátero traçado passaram pelo ápice da cúspide dos caninos ou muito próximo deste, no arco superior e, em sua maioria, pela crista marginal mesial do primeiro molar inferior decidonal, no arco inferior; que a circunferência traçada a partir da determinação do centro do triângulo equilátero, em ambos os sexos, tangencia as faces vestibulares dos incisivos e caninos, passa pelas cúspides vestibulares dos primeiros molares, e pelo ápice da cúspide mesio-palatina dos segundos molares, no arco superior e tangencia as faces vestibulares de incisivos, caninos e primeiros molares e passa pelo sulco principal dos segundos molares, no arco inferior.

This thesis explores the ecology of a pre-contact Western Alaskan faunal assemblage, through a combination of zooarchaeological and stable isotope techniques. The permafrost-preserved assemblage was excavated in 2009/10 at Nunalleq (c. AD 1350-1700) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta by the University of Aberdeen, in collaboration with Qanirtuuq Inc. and the Native village of Quinhagak. Zooarchaeological analysis was conducted to identify the species present at Nunalleq. Analysis of butchery marks suggested patterns of human utilization of faunal resources and data on the age profile of the assemblage provided information on the seasonality of hunting and site occupation. A wide range of marine, freshwater and terrestrial species was observed, with pinnipeds, dogs and caribou particularly frequent. Subsequently, stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) was carried out on 20 species identified at Nunalleq. The application of carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis enabled investigation of the diets and habitats of the various species and their relative positions in the food-web. These data were compared with data from contemporaneous Alaskan sites and modern studies, allowing investigation of diachronic and geographical variability. The dogs, as the only domestic species found in the prehistoric North American Arctic with a unique role between the domestic and the wild, were the focus of an in-depth zooarchaeological and isotopic case study. The comparison of stable isotope data from humans and dogs revealed a similarity in diet and, together with osteological evidence for butchery, indicated the complex role of dogs in human subsistence strategies. Sulphur isotope analysis provided a complementary tool with which to explore isotope variability, and facilitated a consideration of its potential benefits in enhancing the more commonly-used combination of carbon and nitrogen analysis in the interpretation of faunal isotope ecology. The advantages of integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotope data are discussed and future research directions are explored.

El objetivo del estudio es determinar las dimensiones transversales de los arcos maxilar y mandibular en modelos digitales de pacientes adultos en la ciudad de lima, periodo 2016 – 2018. Respecto a metodología el enfoque es cuantitativo, el diseño es observacional, el tipo de estudio es prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. La población estará constituida por 150 modelos de estudio digitales. Asimismo, los criterios de inclusión serán modelos de yeso digitalizados de pacientes previos al tratamiento de ortodoncia fija, pacientes adultos de 14 años a 60 años, dentición completa hasta los primeros molares en ambas arcadas, sin problemas transversales como (mordida cruzada posterior, mordida en tijera, etc.), piezas dentarias sin restauraciones amplias ni coronas. Se procederá a realizar la recolección de los modelos digitalizados que han llegado a la empresa (LDO- 3D), utilizando el programa Free CAD, para lo cual se ubicarán los modelos superior e inferior, en vista oclusal y se realizarán las mediciones transversales, de canino a canino y de primera molar a primera molar tanto en maxilar superior como en maxilar inferior. La información que se obtenga será registrad en una ficha de recolección de datos y luego serán analizados utilizando pruebas estadísticas de acuerdo al tipo de variable y objetivos del estudio.
Trabajo académico

Verificando a importância da morfologia dos arcos dentários no tratamento ortodôntico, a proposta deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar as formas e dimensões de arcos de 30 indivíduos com oclusão normal e 30 com má-oclusão de Classe IIdivisão 1ª, geradas a partir de três categorias de pontos de referência. Foram demarcados nos modelos de estudo: os pontos médios das faces vestibulares dos dentes (1ª categoria de pontos); pontos no rebordo alveolar, perpendiculares aos anteriores e sobre a junção muco-gengival (2ª categoria de pontos); e pontos mesiais e distais das superfícies oclusais dos dentes. Todos os pontos foram digitalizados e convertidos automaticamente para o sistema de coordenadas x, y e z pela máquina de medidas tridimensional da Mitutoyo (modelo Crysta-Apex/C). Um software, especialmente desenvolvido para este trabalho, criou um conjunto de pontos de referência virtuais (3ª categoria de pontos) a partir dos pontos mesiais e distais das superfícies oclusais previamente demarcados nos modelos, que representou o fundo dos canais de encaixe de braquetes. Além disso, gerou curvaturas por meio de equações matemáticas (parábola, elipse, catenária e função beta) que se ajustaram, pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, às 3 diferentes categorias de pontos de referência, e mediu as dimensões transversais dentárias e dos rebordos alveolares. A seleção da equação matemática que melhor descreveu cada categoria de pontos de referência foi realizada por meio de avaliação do menor valor do erro médio. A curvatura do rebordo selecionada foi deslocada sobre o eixo y até tangenciar o ponto médio virtual do incisivo central mais anterior, simulando a inserção de um arco ortodôntico, e foram medidas as distâncias entre esta curvatura e os pontos médios virtuais dos outros dentes. Todos os dados foram organizados em tabelas de acordo com a categoria dos pontos de referência, os arcos (superior ou inferior) e o tipo de oclusão. Verificou-se que todas as dimensões transversais dentárias e dos rebordos superiores, e posteriores inferiores são estatisticamente maiores nos indivíduos com oclusão normal do que nos indivíduos com má-oclusão de Classe II; e que as distâncias transversais dos rebordos alveolares são estatisticamente maiores do que as dentárias. Quanto às formas dos arcos, a catenária, seguida da elipse, foram as que melhor descreveram as suas curvaturas, independentemente da categoria de pontos e do tipo de oclusão. As outras formas, como a parábola e a gerada pela função beta, foram observadas com baixo percentual de ocorrência. As formas dos arcos não caracterizaram diferencialmente os tipos de oclusão e as 3 categorias de pontos de referência estudadas. Praticamente todos os pontos médios virtuais apresentaram-se internamente posicionados em relação à curvatura do rebordo alveolar quando esta foi deslocada até o ponto médio virtual do incisivo central mais vestibularizado, sendo encontrados valores estatisticamente maiores no arco superior dos indivíduos com má-oclusão de Classe II-divisão 1ª. Este dado revela maior tendência a vestibularização dos dentes superiores nestes indivíduos, quando o rebordo alveolar é utilizado como guia para a construção do arco ortodôntico, embora as diferenças entre os grupos não nos pareçam clinicamente importantes.
Given the importance of dental arch morphology in orthodontic treatment, we have evaluated and compared, based on three categories of reference points, the shapes and dimensions of the arches of 30 subjects with normal occlusion and 30 subjects with Class II, division 1 malocclusions. .The points marked on the study casts were: the middle points of the buccal surfaces of teeth (first category of points); points on the alveolar ridge, perpendicular to those of the first category and on the mucogingival junction (second category of points); and mesial and distal points of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. All points were digitized and automatically converted to the x, y and z system of coordinates by a three-dimensional measurement machine (Mitutoyo - Crysta-Apex/C model). A computer software program especially developed for our study created a set of virtual reference points (third category of points) based on the distal and mesial points on the occlusal surfaces previously marked on the casts, which represented the most inner point of the bracket slot. In addition, the software generated curvatures using mathematical equations that were adjusted to the three categories of reference points by the method of minimum squares, and measured the transversal dimensions of teeth and alveolar ridges. Selection of the mathematical equation that best described each category of reference points was performed by evaluating the smallest value for the mean error. The selected ridge curvature was shifted on the y-axis until it became tangential to the virtual middle point of the most anterior central incisor, simulating the insertion of an orthodontic arch, and the distances between this curvature and the virtual middle point on the other teeth were measured. All data were tabulated according to reference point category, arch (upper or lower), and type of occlusion. We observed that all transversal dimensions of teeth, upper ridges and lower posterior ridges were statistically greater in subjects with normal occlusion than in subjects with Class II malocclusions; and that the transversal distances of the alveolar ridges were statistically greater than those of the teeth. As to arch shape, the catenary, followed by the ellipse, were the shapes that best described the arch curvatures, regardless of reference point category and occlusion type. The other shapes, such as the parabola and the shape generated by the Beta function, were observed at lower frequencies. The arch shapes did not differentially characterize the several types of occlusion or the 3 reference point categories studied. Practically all virtual middle points were located internally to the curvature of the alveolar ridge when this curvature was shifted up to the virtual middle point of the most buccaly projected central incisor, and the subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion were found to have statistically greater values for the upper arch. This observation reveals a greater trend for buccally projected upper teeth in these subjects when the alveolar ridge is used as a guide to construct the orthodontic arch, although the differences observed between the groups do not seem to be clinically important.

Avaliação dos efeitos do Sistema Damon nas inclinações dentárias, dimensões dos arcos e suporte ósseo por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico Este estudo objetivou analisar as alterações nas inclinações vestibulolinguais dos dentes, nas dimensões dos arcos e nas espessuras das tábuas ósseas vestibulares durante o alinhamento com Sistema Damon, como também identificar fatores pré-tratamento (espessura óssea inicial, larguras dos arcos, apinhamento) e alterações do tratamento (expansão dos arcos, vestibularização dos dentes) possivelmente associados. Vinte e dois adolescentes com dentadura permanente completa até primeiros molares, tratados sem extrações e apinhamento inicial mínimo de 4mm superior: -6,71mm (DP 2,99), inferior: -5,12mm (DP 2,03) foram escaneados por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) antes (T0) e após (T1) o alinhamento com o Sistema Damon. As dimensões dos arcos e as inclinações vestibulolinguais dos dentes foram avaliadas a partir das TCFC (T0 e T1) em modelos 3D e cortes multiplanares, enquanto o apinhamento foi mensurado nos modelos de estudo (T0). A spessura das tábuas ósseas vestibulares nos ¾ coronais e ¼ apical da raiz dentária foram mensuradas por meio de imagens de tomográficas parassagitais (0,3mm de espessura) das duas fases T0 e T1, nas áreas de incisivos centrais superiores e de segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares superiores e inferiores. As variáveis foram submetidas ao teste de de Shapiro-Wilk para testar sua distribuição. As alterações de todas as variáveis de T0 para T1 foram comparadas por meio dos testes t pareado ou de Wilcoxon. A correlação entre as alterações das espessuras ósseas com os possíveis fatores associados foi verificada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou teste de correlação de Spearman. O alinhamento com o Sistema Damon produziu expansões dos arcos associados à proclinação dos dentes e à redução na espessura óssea vestibular. As tábuas ósseas vestibulares tornaram-se não mensuráveis com o alinhamento em 25% das raízes mesiovestibulares dos primeiros molares superiores. A redução nas espessuras ósseas vestibulares mensuráveis, recobrindo os ¾ coronais da raiz, foi significante nas áreas de incisivo central superior (-13,22%), raiz mesiovestibular do primeiro molar superior (-20,54%) e raízes mesial e distal do primeiro molar inferior (-15,58% e -11,38%, respectivamente). Houve tendência ao aumento da espessura óssea vestibular da raiz distovestibular do primeiro molar superior (p= 0,051), provavelmente devido à rotação do molar com o alinhamento. A redução na espessura óssea vestibular durante o alinhamento dentário mostrou correlação positiva com a espessura óssea e apinhamento iniciais no arco superior, bem como com a distância inter-segundos-prémolares pré-tratamento no arco inferior. Os arcos mais expandidos durante a fase de alinhamento tenderam a sofrer maior redução nas espessuras ósseas vestibulares. Conclui-se que o Sistema Damon produz expansões dos arcos associados à redução óssea vestibular durante a fase de alinhamento. Dentes com ossos mais finos e apinhamentos mais severos antes do tratamento apresentam maior risco para redução na tábua óssea vestibular e a quantidade de expansão durante o tratamento pode potencializar esse efeito.
This study aimed first to assess the changes in teeth buccolingual inclinations, arch dimensions, and buccal bony plate thicknesses occurred during the alignment phase using a self-ligating brackets system (Damon MX). Secondly, to identify pre-treatment (initial bone thickness, initial arch widths, initial crowding) or treatment parameters (amount of expansion, amount of buccal tipping) that could act as risk predictors for buccal bone reduction during orthodontic treatment. Twenty-two adolescents with complete permanent dentition until first molars, minimum initial crowding of 4mm - maxillary: -6.71 mm (SD 2.99), mandibular: - 5.12 mm (SD 2.03) - treated without extractions were scanned by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) before (T0) and after (T1) alignment using Damon System. Arch dimensions and teeth buccolingual inclinations were evaluated by means of digital models and multiplanar reconstructed images both obtained from CBCT (T0 and T1), crowding was measured on study casts (T0). Alveolar buccal bone thickness overlying the ¾ coronal and the ¼ apical of the root were measured in the areas of maxillary central incisors, as well as maxillary and mandibular premolars and first molars by means of cross-sectional images reconstructed with 0.3 mm thickness at T0 and T1, Distribution of the variables was verified by Shapiro-Wilks test. Changes in all variables from T0 to T1 were compared using paired t test or Wilcoxon test. The correlation between changes in bone thickness with its possible associated factors was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman correlation test. Alignment using Damon System produced substantial arch expansion associated with proclination of teeth and reduction in buccal bone thickness. The buccal bone plates overlying 25% of the mesiobuccal roots of the maxillary first molars became unmeasurable during the alignment phase. The reduction in the measurable buccal bone thickness, overlying the ¾ coronal root length, was significant in the areas of maxillary central incisor (-13.2%), mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar (-20.5%), mesial and distal roots of mandibular first molar (-15.6% and -11.4%, respectively). There was a tendency for increasing buccal bone thickness root overlying the distobuccal root of maxillary first molar (p = 0.051), probably due to molar rotation during the alignment phase. The reduction in buccal bone thickness during alignment with Damon System showed a positive correlation with initial bone thickness and initial crowding in the maxillary arch, and the pre-treatment inter-secondpremolar width in the mandibular arch. The more expanded the arch during the alignment phase, the greater reduction in buccal thickness bone. It is concluded that the Damon system produces arch expansion associated with decrease in buccal bone thickness during the alignment phase. Thinner buccal bony plates and more severe crowding before treatment increase the risk for buccal bone reduction and the amount of expansion during treatment may further enhance this effect.

Mestrado em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Este relatório resulta de um estágio realizado na Empresa Municipal de Mobilidade e Estacionamento de Lisboa (EMEL). O estágio teve como foco a área da fiscalização de estacionamento sendo o objetivo a otimização de percursos para os agentes apeados. Apesar de o aumento verificado no número de lugares a fiscalizar estar a ser acompanhado com um aumento no número de agentes de fiscalização de estacionamento existe a preocupação de conseguir otimizar os procedimentos nesta área de operação da empresa. Este trabalho encontra-se dividido em três partes: A primeira consiste na análise do fenómeno a ser estudado, a fiscalização de estacionamento. A segunda consiste numa abordagem teórica às componentes necessárias para a elaboração de uma proposta de resolução do problema, nesta parte foi aplicada a teoria de grafos e desenvolvido um método heurístico que constrói, em paralelo, percursos para vários agentes de fiscalização de estacionamento. A terceira trata-se da fase experimental, onde foram recolhidos e tratados os dados necessários relativos às componentes referidas anteriormente para aplicar a uma zona de atuação da empresa, com a apresentação de propostas de percursos para essa zona.
This report is the result of an internship in Empresa Municipal de Mobilidade e Estacionamento de Lisboa (EMEL), a company that manages parking in Lisbon along other activities. EMEL is in a tremendous expansion and wants to better manage the available resources. This report focuses on parking enforcement officers (traffic wardens) routes. The report is divided into 3 parts: The first part is about searching and analyzing information about parking enforcement. The second part consists of a theoretical approach to the components needed to prepare a proposal for solving the problem. In this part, the graph theory was applied and a heuristic method was developed that simultaneously constructs routes for several parking enforcement agents. The third part is the experimental phase where the necessary data were collected and processed on the components referred to above to apply to a zone of activity of the company with the presentation of routes proposals for this zone.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Orientadores: Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão, Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O titânio (Ti) e suas ligas são comumente utilizados em aplicações odontológicas. Na cavidade bucal, os implantes dentários são submetidos a tribocorrosão (interação sinérgica entre desgaste e corrosão), o que pode levar a falhas dos implantes. Como alternativa para superar esse problema, tratamentos de superfície têm sido aplicados para produzir superfícies resistentes à tribocorrosão e, ao mesmo tempo, melhorar as propriedades biológicas dos implantes dentários. Os objetivos neste estudo foram: (i) avaliar a biofuncionalização de superfícies de titânio comercialmente puro (Ticp) produzida por oxidação por micro-arcos (MAO) com incorporação de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), prata (Ag) e silício (Si), (ii) investigar a corrosão e tribocorrosão sobre essas superfícies modificadas e (iii) avaliar as respostas antibacterianas e celulares dos filmes produzidos. Após o tratamento, testes de corrosão, tribocorrosão e biológicos foram realizados. As amostras foram divididas em função de diferentes concentrações de Ca/P (0,3 M/0,02 M ou 0,1 M/0,03 M) incorporadas ou não com Ag (0,62 g/L) ou Si (0,04 M) e diferentes durações de tratamento (5 e 10 min). MAO foi realizado a 290 V e 250 Hz por meio de uma fonte de alimentação DC. Superfícies polidas e superfícies jateadas foram utilizadas como controles. Caracterizações de superfície foram realizadas para compreender as propriedades dos filmes. Análise de variância (ANOVA) e testes de Tukey HSD foram utilizados (? = 0,05). Superfícies porosas enriquecidas com elementos bioativos foram obtidas. Os grupos com maior Ca/P produziram camadas de óxido porosas com maior espessura (5 a 6.26 µm) e dureza (? 325 VHN) quando comparados com os outros grupos (p<0,001), devido à presença de rutilo. MAO melhorou o comportamento eletroquímico do Ticp quando comparado aos controles (p<0,05). Com relação à tribocorrosão, menores potenciais foram obtidos durante os teste de potencial livre (-0,6 V) e ainda maior sobrevida do filme anódico (5 e 7 minutos) durante o deslizamento para os grupos com maior Ca/P, enquanto que os grupos com menor Ca/P promoveram maiores quedas de potencial (-0,8 V), semelhantes àquelas obtidas nos grupos controle, em que a queda ocorreu imediatamente após o início do movimento. A perda de massa devido ao desgaste (Kw), perda de massa devido à corrosão (Kc) e perda total de massa (Kwc) foram determinados. O mecanismo dominante de desgaste foi encontrado para grupos com maior Ca/P (Kc/Kw ? 0,05) e um mecanismo de desgaste-corrosão para os grupos controle e aqueles com menor Ca/P (Kc/Kw ? 0,11). O grupo tratado durante 10 min e enriquecido com Ag apresentou o menor Kwc (p<0,05). Além disso, superfícies enriquecidas com Ag apresentaram efeito antibacteriano em células planctônicas de Streptococcus sanguinis, com redução de 53% a 70% de células viáveis quando comparado com os outros grupos (p<0,001). As superfícies tratadas por MAO melhoraram a adsorção, adesão e espalhamento das células mesenquimais e ainda aumentaram os níveis de expressão gênica (ALP, BMP-2, OC, Col-1, RUNX2, TGF-?1) relacionados à osteogênese. Considerando a biofuncionalização das superfícies de titânio, aquelas com maior Ca/P apresentaram melhores características de superfície, com melhoria também no comportamento corrosivo, tribocorrosivo e biológico
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are commonly used in dental applications. Into the oral cavity, dental implants are submitted to a synergistic interaction of wear and corrosion (tribocorrosion), which may lead to implant failures. As an alternative to overcome this problem, surface treatments have been applied targeting new tribocorrosion resistant surfaces, while enhancing the biological properties of Ti dental implants. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the biofunctionalization of commercially pure titanium surfaces (cpTi) produced by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) with incorporation of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), silver (Ag) and silicon (Si), (ii) to investigate the phenomenon of corrosion and tribocorrosion on these modified surfaces and (iii) to assess the antibacterial and cellular responses on cultured on the produced anodic films. After MAO treatment, corrosion, tribocorrosion and biological experiments were performed. The samples were divided according to different Ca/P concentrations (0.3 M/0.02 M or 0.1 M/0.03 M) incorporated or not with Ag (0.62 g/L) or Si (0.04 M) and different treatment durations (5 and 10 min). MAO was performed at 290 V and 250 Hz using a DC power supply. Polished and sandblasted surfaces were used as controls. Surface characterization was performed to understand the properties of the produced anodic films. ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were used (? = 0.05). Porous TiO2 surfaces enriched with bioactive elements were obtained. Groups with higher Ca/P produced thicker (5 to 6.26 µm) and harder (? 325 VHN) porous surfaces compared to the other groups (p < .001), due to the presence of rutile crystalline structure. MAO process improved electrochemical behavior of cpTi when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Regarding tribocorrosion, free potentials experiments showed lower drops (-0.6 V) and higher coating lifetime during sliding (5 and 7 minutes) for higher Ca concentration, whereas lower Ca concentrations presented similar drops (-0.8 V) in comparison to untreated group wherein the drop occurred immediately after the sliding started. The mass loss due to wear (Kw), the mass loss due to corrosion (Kc) and total mass loss (Kwc) were determined. The dominant wear regime was found for higher Ca/P groups (Kc/Kw ? 0.05) and a mechanism of wear-corrosion for controls and lower Ca/P groups (Kc/Kw ? 0.11). The group treated for 10 min and enriched with Ag presented the lowest Kwc (p < .05). In addition, Ag-rich surfaces presented antibacterial effect on planktonic Streptococcus sanguinis, reducing approximately from 53% to 70% of viable cells when compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Surfaces treated by MAO improved the spreading, attachment and osteogenic gene expression levels (ALP, BMP-2, OC, Col-1, RUNX2 and TGF-?1) of hMSCs. Considering the biofunctionalization of titanium surfaces, those with higher Ca/P presented enhanced surface features, with an improved corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior and biological responses
Doutorado
Protese Dental
Doutora em Clínica Odontológica

The goal of this doctoral thesis is to map and evaluate the current situation of folk architecture in the region around the city of Uherské Hradiště on the example of selected villages. Later, these findings will be compared with the archive of prof. Antonin Kurial. The text has been extended to include currently listed buildings and output of this work is a new catalogue of buildings of folk architecture in the above mentioned region.

L'oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO) ou oxydation micro-arcs (OMA) est un procédé propre permettant d'élaborer en une seule étape des couches d'oxyde d'aluminium épaisses et mécaniquement très intéressantes sur alliage d'aluminium. La caractérisation optique des décharges, (caméra vidéo rapide et spectroscopie d'émission optique), permet de mettre en évidence deux types de traitement, selon la forme du courant et en particulier du rapport des quantités de charges positives et négatives imposées au système. Les caractéristiques (morphologie, épaisseur, résistancece à la corrosion) et les cinétiques de croissance des couches élaborées sont étudiées et des mécanismes de croissance des différentes sous-couches sont proposées pour chaque type de traitement. A partir de mesures électriques, la modélisation électrique du système électrolyte/couche d'oxyde/substrat est abordée. Des critères permettant de réaliser des couches présentant les propriétés requises sont déduits de ces études
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) or micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a process through which aluminium oxide layer may be grown onto aluminium substrate. Optical characterization of discharges is carried out using fast video imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, allowing us to distinguish between two different kinds of treatment, depending on the current waveform zand especially on the ratio of positive to negative charge quantity applied to the systeme. The characteristics (morphology, thickness, corrosion resistance) and growth kinetics of the coatings are studied. Growth mechanisms for the different sublayers are proposed for each type of treatment. Electric measurements are carried out allowing us to propose an electric modelling of the system. From these studies, criteria are established that enable coatings with the required properties (in terms of thickness and corrosion resistance) to be grown

Los bocetos de ingeniería son un tipo importante de gráficos, porque ayudan a los diseñadores de productos industriales durante la fase más creativa del diseño conceptual. A tal fin, las aplicaciones informáticas de bocetado asistido por ordenador (CAS, por Computer-Aided Sketching) deberían proveer a los usuarios del entorno de bocetado que éstos necesitan para sacar el máximo provecho a su talento natural para el diseño y la innovación. Dichas aplicaciones deberían proveer, además, una integración completa con las fases subsiguientes del proceso de diseño asistido por ordenador.

Los métodos propuestos en esta tesis para interpretar bocetos se enmarcan en el modelado basado en bocetos (SBM, por su acrónimo en inglés). Obtener modelos 3D a partir de bocetos requiere completar diversas etapas: La etapa de reconocimiento del boceto, dirigida a obtener dibujos lineales a partir de bocetos; la etapa de reconocimiento de indicios en la que se extrae información del dibujo lineal 2D (tal como vértices, líneas paralelas, caras, etc.), y la etapa de reconstrucción, dirigida a producir las formas 3D representadas en el boceto a partir de la información extraída en la etapa anterior.

En todo este proceso de modelado basado en bocetos hay diferentes problemas abiertos, alguno de los cuales se han abordado en esta tesis.

Primero, en la sub-etapa del reconocimiento de bocetos que denominamos vectorización, que consiste en reconocer líneas (primitivas geométricas 2D) a partir de los trazos del boceto. La información de salida de esta sub-etapa es un dibujo lineal representado internamente como un grafo, donde los nodos representan los vértices del boceto y las líneas que unen dichos nodos, representan las aristas del boceto. La contribución de esta tesis en la sub-etapa de vectorización ha consistido en desarrollar e implementar un método para ajustar líneas rectas y arcos de elipse mediante criterios perceptuales.

El segundo problema abordado está en la etapa de reconocimiento de indicios. Se ha comprobado que los métodos existentes para determinar los grupos de líneas del dibujo que representan grupos de aristas paralelas en el modelo 3D no resuelven parte de los casos más comunes. Se ha desarrollado e implementado un método, también mediante criterios perceptuales, para agrupar líneas que representan aristas paralelas que es tolerante a errores de bocetado y que detecta el paralelismo de las aristas incluso cuando las líneas que los representan convergen a puntos de fuga.

Tercero, en el proceso de reconstrucción, asumiendo las limitaciones conocidas del método dominante de inflado (que es poco tolerante a las imperfecciones de los bocetos, y que sólo permite obtener modelos B-Rep), se ha propuesto un método de reconstrucción alternativo basado en obtener el árbol CSG (Geometría constructiva de sólidos, en sus siglas en inglés), para ello una de las sub-etapas críticas es el reconocimiento de elementos característicos 2D. En la tesis se han desarrollado algoritmos de reconocimiento para diferentes elementos característicos, y se ha propuesto un método para ordenar los elementos característicos reconocidos en un árbol del modelo.

Por último, pero no menos importante, hay que destacar que todos los métodos propuestos están basados en criterios perceptuales. Hasta ahora, los métodos empleados en SBM están basados generalmente en consideraciones puramente geométricas, aunque algunas de ellas emplean criterios perceptuales de manera aislada y como estrategia secundaria para desambiguar información geométrica contradictoria. Esta tesis plantea que, puesto que los humanos son capaces de interpretar bocetos a pesar de sus imperfecciones geométricas, la mejor estrategia a seguir es tratar de replicar la percepción humana desde el principio y de forma sistemática. Esta estrategia no es evidente, ya que los mecanismos de la percepción humana no se conocen en su totalidad. Por ello, un objetivo general de la presente tesis es explorar y desarrollar métodos basados en criterios perceptuales.

L’étude présentée ici a pour but d’analyser la manière d’utiliser l’arc outrepassé, en plan et en élévation, et l’arc en retrait sur ses piliers, dans une région et dans un temps pragmatiquement défini du monde méditerranéen particulièrement riche en éléments architecturaux de ce type. L’arc en retrait n’est pas inconnu dans la recherche mais, faute d’identification précise et donc de terminologie adaptée, il a été confondu avec l’arc outrepassé sous des dénominations différentes. Faisant l’objet de diverses théories dans l’historiographie, ces deux types d’arcs ont été utilisés comme arguments majeurs dans la datation et dans la filiation stylistique des édifices dans lesquels ils se trouvent. L’objectif de cette approche consiste à confronter ces courants historiographiques, inscrivant un monument donné comme relevant du monde wisigothique, mozarabe ou carolingienne, à l’analyse des monuments in situ dans les régions catalano-roussillonnaises et languedociennes où ces formes présentent une concentration considérable. Dans ces théories tenaces, souvent assimilables à des idées reçues sans discernement, l’abbaye de Saint-Michel de Cuxa a occupé une place particulière de sorte que son attribution s’est répercutée sur de nombreux édifices, surtout des chapelles rurales, gravitant dans son orbite. Les monuments situés sur les deux versants des Pyrénées possédant ces formes en élévation ou dans la planimétrie constituent un corpus de 98 édifices. Ils ne révèlent pas seulement une certaine uniformité pour l’ensemble du territoire mais, au-delà, permettent également de définir des microrégions homogènes. L’étude de ce territoire est intégrée dans une analyse historiographique plus vaste de ces deux types d’arcs qui cherche la réponse à leur origine, à leur propagation géographique au fil de temps et présente les différentes réflexions sur la raison d’être de leur emploi. A côté des théories pragmatiques qui considèrent ces formes comme des procédés techniques offrant des avantages constructifs et des mesures techniques qui cherchent à établir une typologie séparant les arcs de différentes époques et de différentes aires géographiques, une attention particulière est apportée aux dimensions idéologiques, liturgiques et symboliques liées à ces tracés
This study focusses, in façade and in plan, on the horseshoe arch, the hallmark of architecture in the first flowering of the Middle Ages, and on the recessed arch on piers, its more or less unrecognised contemporary. The geographical extent of the occurrence of these two types of arch has been defined by the periodic enlargement of the area where they are really concentrated: Spanish Catalonia and French Languedoc-Roussillon. Applied often to dating a building, and becoming involved as a result in a stylistic epistemology, as well as being the targets of the entrenched dogmas of a vast historiography, these pieces of evidence are here studied on the ground in their architectural context so as to juxtapose fieldwork with the theories on their deployment developed a century ago. Given the spread of developed mediaeval arches, this work endeavours to place their corpus in a wider general study which clearly cannot depend on an exhaustive survey, but which is able to suggest, nevertheless, that the realm of the Moorish arch transcends the territorial and chronological limits of Visigothic, Mozarabic, Carolingian or Islamic culture. The origin of the recessed arch on its piers, for which we propose the term «mushroom shape» displays an undeniable origin in antiquity. Its diffusion in time and space coincides with the horse-shoe throughout the vast Mediterranean ambit. The corpus of the area studied brings together 98 buildings which preserve in their structure the Moorish arch and/or the recessed arch on piers. An analysis of arch assembly, incorporated in the overall study of a building’s construction, confirms that the Moorish design or that of the recessed arch on piers concerned not only arches but was inherent in a general building process observable in the raising of the vault, or of any transverse arches or in openings, doorways or windows. The endurance of these same building procedures for centuries, for minor works such as small country chapels, as for the great abbey church of Saint- Michel de Cuxa, testifies to a conservative art associated with basic techniques

This master thesis focuses on the design and implementation of software component for manipulating 3D objects. Work includes a general description of hand,hand gestures aspects of distribution, basic image preprocessing methods, detailed description of the classification methods, description of Kinect device and libraries for image processing. The practical part deals with the design and implementation of software component named Tool into ArcScene application, design and implementation of gestures that emulate a 3D mouse functionality. The component is implemented in C# programming language with Kinect SDK library. This gesture recognition system is based on the FSM method with success 80--97%.

This thesis deals with the calculation of the potential of the solar energy using the data from airborne laser scanning and the digital surface modelling. The situational model has been set up for Vrbno pod Pradědem town lying at foothills of Jeseníky mountains in Moravian-Silesian Region. The aims of the thesis are by ArcGis measure the surface of the roofs suitable for installation of solar panels, our value of solar radiation and calculate the potential nominal power of that installation .Then find out how much of the surface of the agricultural land would take up a solar power plant with the same nominal power.

The diploma thesis deals with online map sources and the ability of using them in the Geography education on the 2nd grade of primary schools. The main goal is to create two map applications in the ArcGIS and worksheets and the possibility of applying them into the Geaography education in primary schools. The theoretical parts deals mainly with the issue of teaching Geography in primary schools and making of didactic tools, with focus on digital ones. In the practical part the author focuses on map applications, creating worksheets and their integration into the educational process. The practical part includes also a brief analysis of free accesible map sources and their usage in the educational process. At the end, there is an evaluation of the ability of using the ArcGIS applications in the education.

This diploma thesis deals with the optimization of collection routes of separated waste in Velké Meziříčí. This waste is collected by the Technical Services VM s.r.o. The solution is designed using the well-known Traveling salesman problem method and the proposed algorithm is a combination of these methods. The algorithm is designed to work in the Maple algebraic system and the data were analysed using ArcGIS and Statistica. Gradual development and functionality of the algorithm is represented by resulting separate waste collection routes.

This thesis deals with geoinformation analysis of comprehensive landscaping. The thesis compares calculations of the long-term soil loss using different digital terrain models and topographical factors. Subsequently the thesis focuses on the rating of the drain and erosive ratio on the basis of the analysis of the current status of the examined area, that is the circumference of the outcoming comprehensive landscaping in Kunovice cadastral area under the conditions of the conventional agriculture scenario. These resource materials helped the diploma thesis to design anti-erosion measures including the main agricultural roads and the system of ecological stability that was extended with the interactive elements for the needs of these measures. Afterwards their efectivity was succesfully measured. Results of plans are designed in the next part of the thesis to the form of map outputs and in the discussion were debated contributions of the plan from the perspetcive of the opening the water regime of the landscape, the danger of erosion and the ecological stability.

The aim of the thesis was the creation and interpretation of thematic layers for the Ostřice stream catchment. First step was collecting all the available maps and comparing them with the actual state. The documents were digitized, and the thematic layers were created. The map outputs were created from these layers and their combinations and were analyzed. The output of this work is a set of GIS layers for the Ostřice stream catchment. This work was processed with the ArcGIS Desktop 9.1 software.

Tábor region and the town Tábor offer many attractions, spanning cultural, social, sport and natural beauty. Area investigation using program ArcGIS, questionnaire research and analysis of tourism products showed that the region is of great interest to visitors and tourists mainly for his rich history and heritage, culture, scenic attractions and many sporting events. Analysis of maps created in program ArcGIS found tourism potential not only in the town Tábor, but in other towns and areas across the Tábor region. This analysis, supported by the results of the questionnaire research, recommend ways of improving tourism products, for example compiling a complete package of tourism products into a catalogue or into product packets.

The aim of the thesis is localization and interpretation of paths of concentration runoff in digital terrain model. Digital terrain model(DTM) is processed for the catchment of the Jenín stream, where The Faculty of Agriculture has held the research since the year 2004. For creation of DTM following software programs were used for comparison: Erdas and ArcGIS. Digitalized maps of contour lines for this catchment were the backgrounds for creation of the DTM. Localization of paths of concentration runoff and natural thalwegs was made on created DTM. Then was the comparison of models and the real topography of the catchment realized. Possible reasons of differences were discussed in discussion. Different (in colours and resolution) variations of DTM with localized paths of concentration runoff are the result, with the view of better legibility and more truly representation of real topography of the landscape.