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Journal articles on the topic 'Archachatina marginata'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Asagba, E. C., J. M. Omoyakhi, and O. E. Okhale. "Biophysical, aestivation, Archachatina marginata, Archachatina papyracae, Achatina fulica." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.5.

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The experiment was conducted to determine the changes in the biophysical parameters during starvation in three common species of land snails identified in Edo and Delta States. A total of 252 matured healthy snails comprising three species (Archachatina marginata, Archachatina papyracae and Achatina fulica) were used. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement. At the end of two weeks acclimation period, feed and water were withdrawn for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Result shows that A. marginata has significantly (P<0.05) highest initial liveweight. A. papyracae had the least weight but was not significantly (P>0.05) different from the weight of A. fulica used in the study. During the 12 weeks of starvation, A. papyracae recorded the highest mortality rate of 24.58 %. A. marginata and A. fulica respectively recorded mortality rate of 9.05 and 6.52 %. A marginata reflected two stages of major weight decline; 2nd and 9th weeks. The A. papyracae and A. fulica however declined conspicuously only at the 1st week. The weight of the muscular foot which constitutes the edible portion of the three species decreased between 0, 4 and 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in weight in each of the three species. Twelveweeks aestivation eventually resulted in further and significant weight loss. The aestivation lengths did not affect the shell weight in the three species, except A. marginata with significant decline at the 12th week. This study indicates that A. marginata and A. fulica are bigger in size and more tolerant to extended starvation than A. papyracae.

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2

Aluko, F. A., E. A. Adesina, A. M. Akanji, A. M. Ogungbesan, E. S. Apata, and G. A. Adeleke. "Qualitative Characterization of Archachatina marginata Varieties in the Derived Savannah Zone of Ogun State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 9 (August 15, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n9p237.

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The Giant African Land Snail is one of the largest land snails in the world. In Nigeria, farmers still can not identify the breed Archachatina marginata (Am) and its varieties. In this study, Archachatina marginata varieties were characterized using qualitative characters. A total of 304 animals comprising of 93 Archachatina marginata marginata (Amm), 163 Archachatina marginata suturalis (Ams) and 48 Archachatina marginata ovum (Amo) was used. Five qualitative parameters were collected on each snail and recorded. These parameters are shape of snail (SS), shell colour (SC), colour of labium (CL), foot colour (FC), number of whorls (NW). Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics; frequency counts and percentages. The orange labium was more than white labium. 87.0%, 86.50%, 77.08% was orange labium in Amm, Ams and Amo respectively. 70.96% of Amm had brown foot, 54.16% of Amo had brown foot, 50.92% are black foot and 49.08% brown foot in the Ams All the varieties were sinistral (100%) in shape. 100% of the shell colour of Amm was yellow shell with black straight streaks. 52.69%, 68.08%, 64.58% had 3+2 whorls in Amm, Ams and Amo respectively. This study has revealed that these snails can be identified by these qualitative characteristics apart from shell colour. The labium and foot colour can be used to identify these varieties. The labium and foot colour has also indicated that there are still variations among the varieties. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on these varieties of Archachatina marginata.

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3

Amobi, Maduabuchi Inwele, and Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudo. "Utilisation of common leafy vegetables in the diets of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) (Stylommatophora: Achatinidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061217.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilisation of three leafy vegetable diets (bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, fluted pumpkin leaf Telfairia occidentalis and pawpaw leaf Carica papaya) on the growth performance of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata. A total of 90 A. marginata were used for the study. 30 snails were also subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded significant differences (P < 0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, Archachatina marginata fed on fluted pumpkin leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on bitter and pawpaw leaves. On the other hand, snails fed on pawpaw leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on bitter and fluted pumpkin leaves. The result clearly showed that the tested leafy vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. marginata. For farmers to achieve better result, the inclusion of fluted pumpkin and pawpaw leaves in the diets of Archachatina marginata is highly recommended in snail rearing businesses.

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4

Abiona, J. A., O. A. Osinowo, M. O. Ozoje, D. Eruvbetine, M. O. Abioja, and O. S. Abe. "Differences in the spermatozoa and ova of two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v34i2.1211.

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A comparative study of the gametes of two species of Giant African Land Snails; Archachatinu marginata and Achatina achatina was carried out. Three groups of snails weighing 80-100,101-150 and 151-250 g were used in a 3x2 factorial design, with 5 replicates, involving a total of 30 snails. Albumen gland, little hermaphrodite duct, spermotheca and ovo-testis were examined for the presence of ova and spermatozoa. The morphology of the spermatozoa and ova of both species Was studied. Ova were found in the albumen gland and ovo-testis. Spermatozou were only found in the little hermaphrodite duct. Spermatozoa head and tail lengths were not significantly (P>0.05) different between species, while the mid-piece length was significantly (P<0.05) different. Liveweight group 101-150 g had the highest number of spermatozoa and ova count in both species. Morphologically, spermatozoa head, collar and mid-piece crest differed between species Archachatina marginata spermatozoa had pointed head, longer collar and highest number of mid-piece crests compared to Achatina achatina. Ova seen in the ovo-testis of A. marginata were larger compared to those seen in A. achatina. It was concluded from the study that there are differences in the morphology and dimensions of their germ cells.

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5

Sodipe, O. G., O. A. Osinowo, M. O. Ozoje, A. B. Idowu, and S. A. Onadeko. "Effect of Soil Moisture Level on the growth of the Giant African Land Snails, Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina in different season." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i1.713.

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This study focused on the evaluation of the effect of soil moisture on the feed intake and weight gain of the Giant African Land snails, Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata in different seasons using a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial experiment with soil moisture at two levels (low 25ml of water/ week and high 100ml water/week), species at two levels (Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata) and season at four levels (cold dry, hot dry, hot wet and cold wet) constituting the three factors. Result showed that there was a significant seasonal differences (P<0.001) for weekly feed intake of snails in which values of 3.85, 2.53, 3.88 and 4.44g were recorded in cold dry, hot dry, hot wet and cold wet seasons, respectively. Monthly weight gains of 5.41g recorded for Archachatina marginata was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the value of 1.94g recorded for Achatina achatina. There was significant interaction (P<0.001) between soil moisture level and species on monthly weight gains of the snails. The feed intake and weight gain of snails (4.28 g and 6.43 g) in the high soil moisture treatment was significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in the low soil moisture treatment (3.07 g and 5.30 g). In conclusion, it is evident that species, season and soil moisture level affected the feed intake and weight gain of the Giant African Land Snails

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6

Akinnusi, F. A. O., A. S. Adeoye, and D. F. Adeleke. "Chemical composition of snail meat species (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina) in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.525.

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The cost of procuring meat as an animal protein source in Nigeria is on the increase. There is therefore the need to source for alternative cheap source of animal protein that can serve the populace the nutritive value needed in the body system. The study was carried out to assess the proximate composition and mineral analysis of the two species of snail meat (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina) in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State Nigeria. The result revealed that snail meat (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina) were found to contain; 0.16g/100g and 0.18g/100g of Crude fibre, 1.43g/100g and 0.79g/100g of Ash content, 1.53g/100g and 0.88g/100g of Ether extract, 22.75g/100g and 11.92g/100g of Crude Protein, 0.09g/100g and 0.19g/100g of NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract), 74.06g/100g and 86.1g/100g of moisture content respectively while the mineral content of snail meat (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina) was found to be 1.216mg/g and 1.343mg/g of Phosphorus, 0.426mg/g and 0.438mg/g of Magnesium, 0.084mg/g and 0.093mg/g of Iron, 2.011mg/g and 2.046mg/g of Calcium, 1.934mg/g and 1.967mg/g of Potassium, 0.795mg/g and 1.000mg/g of Chlorine. The overall nutritional potential of the two species was quite good. These results show that these species of snail are highly nutritive. The findings were discussed in line with the importance and implication of the uses of edible land snail meat to man. It is therefore recommended that there is need to increase animal protein production in Nigeria and other developing countries of the world as a panacea to imminent problem of malnutrition.

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7

Okocha, C. N., and D. N. Onunkwo. "Influence of various feeding regimes on the performance of Archachatina marginata snail." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.479.

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This study was to evaluate the growth response of Archachatina marginata as influenced by four natural diets: Pawpaw (Carica papaya) cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves and growers mash (a compounded ration). One hundred and twenty (120) grower snails (Archachatina marginata) were purchased from a farm in Ibadan, Oyo State. Data were collected on the growth parameters (weight, length and circumference of shell of the snails arranged in a Completely Randomized Design and replicated three (3) times. The results showed that pawpaw (Carica papaya) recorded the highest mean in all the parameters measured and throughout the duration of the experiment. Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaf had a better mean than the Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves in terms of weight gained whereas the reverse is the case in terms of length and circumference of shell. Pawpaw (Carica papaya) is therefore, recommended to both local and small scale farmers in Abia State and in Nigeria for feeding their snails and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaves and growers mash as an alternate feed.

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8

Raimi, C. O., and A. C. Odeyemi. "Organoleptic evaluation of Archachatina marginata fed rumen content dietary inclusion." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.999.

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There is inadequate information on quality feedstuff for large scale production and all year round availability of snails in Nigeria.The research was conducted to investigate the organoleptic properties of the African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata). Thirtytwo snails were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments of varied levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% rumen content inclusion. Each treatment was replicated with four snails per pen in a completely randomized design. The snails were reared in mini paddock. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum. At the end of the eight weeks period of feeding trials, two snails were harvested at random from the replicates of each of the four treatments, sacrificed, processed and analyzed. Based on appearance, taste and aroma of the snails fried and stewed with spices and the other one steamed with spices, preference ranking in descending order revealed 15% (6·85) rumen content inclusion had the highest mean preference followed by 5% (6·53) inclusion for the fried snail with spices and 0% (6.65) inclusion had the highest ranking followed by 15% (6.53) rumen content inclusion for the snail steamed with spices. The treatments had no appreciable effect on the nutrient composition and sensory quality of the snail meat. It can be concluded that growing snails can utilize rumen content inclusion thereby increasing the feed data base for snail production in the Tropics.

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9

Ademolu, K. O., O. D. Fakeye, G. A. Dedeke, O. A. Ajayi, and A. B. Idowu. "Enzimas digestivos del caracol gigante africano (Archachatina marginata), durante la estivación." Archivos de Zootecnia 62, no. 237 (September 12, 2012): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v62i237.757.

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Se investigaron las actividades de las enzimas del tracto digestivo del caracol gigante africano Archachatina marginata durante la estivación, inducida en laboratorio mediante retirada del agua y alimento durante tres semanas. Todas las enzimas estudiadas, amilasa, a-glucosidasa, celulasa, lipasa y proteasa fueron encontradas en las regiones del tracto digestivo (estómago, intestino, esofago y bulbo oral). Los caracoles en estivación tienen, en todas las regiones del tracto digestivo, actividades enzimáticas significativamente menores que los caracoles activos. En el estómago, se registró la mayor tasa de actividad enzimática de todo el tracto digestivo.

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10

Kolawole, M. Y., J. O. Aweda, and S. Abdulkareem. "Archachatina marginata bio-shells as reinforcement material in metal matrix composites." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 4068–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.14.1.2017.18.0328.

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11

Ademolu, K. O., O. D. Fakeye, G. A. Dedeke, O. A. Ajayi, and A. B. Idowu. "Digestive enzymes in African Giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) during aestivation." Archivos de Zootecnia 62, no. 237 (March 2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s0004-05922013000100008.

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12

ABADOM, FEBISOLA E., and DAVID W. MILSOM. "Digestive enzymes of the West African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata." Biochemical Society Transactions 19, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 334S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst019334s.

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13

Imevbore, E. A., and S. S. Ajayi. "Food preference of the African giant snail (Archachatina marginata) in captivity." African Journal of Ecology 31, no. 3 (September 1993): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1993.tb00540.x.

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14

Ademolu, K. O., B. E. Taiwo, O. A. Jayeola, and O. Ajayi. "Egg laying and albumen gland composition of Archachatina marginata during growth phases." Archivos de Zootecnia 62, no. 240 (December 2013): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s0004-05922013000400014.

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15

Egwim, E., and T. Caleb. "Production and Partial Characterization of Pectinase from Snail (Archachatina marginata) Gut Isolates." British Biotechnology Journal 5, no. 4 (January 10, 2015): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bbj/2015/11449.

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16

Hamzat, R. A., C. O. Jaiyeola, and O. G. Longe. "Nutritional qualities of snails (Archachatina marginata) fed solely with fresh kola testa." Nutrition & Food Science 32, no. 4 (August 2002): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210436235.

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17

Ibom, I. A., B. Okon, and F. I. Okon. "Correlation, regression estimates and heterosis of Archachatina marginata snails in Calabar, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.856.

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White skinned ectotypes were used in a study to estimate heterosis, correlation and regression. Data collected on the snails and their eggs included body weight (BWT), shell length (SLH), shell width (SWH), “mouth” length (MLH) and “mouth” width (MWH); and egg weight (EWT), egg length (ELH) and egg width (EWH), respectively. These data were used to estimate correlations between pairs of traits, heterosis and to predict weight from other morphometric traits among three mating groups [black skinned x black skinned (BAM X BAM), white skinned x white skinned (WAM X WAM) and their cross BAM X WAM)]. Results obtained from the study showed that evaluated traits expressed strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.01) correlation values that ranged from rp= 0.86 to rp = 0.99 among the snails mating groups. The correlation values of traits evaluated on eggs laid by these snails ranged from mild (rp = 0.49) through moderate (rp = 0.59, rp= 0.70) to strong/close (rp = 0.89). Regression estimates values obtained ranged from mild (1.30) to high (6.25), an shell width best predicted hatchlings body weight in the black skinned x black skinned (BAM X BAM) mating group, while “mouth” length best predicted hatchlings body weight in the white skinned x white skinned (WAM X WAM) mating group. Traits evaluated for percent heterosis expressed positive and significant (P<0.05) values between the mating groups, with the crossbred (BAM X WAM) mating group having advantage over the purebred (BAM X BAM and WAM X WAM) mating groups. It could therefore be concluded that in the face of appropriate selection programme, heterosis can be exploited to improve snails reproductive and growth traits. It can thus be recommended that having information regarding the association of weight with other contributing traits/parameters is crucial before starting any breeding programme.

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18

Ogeleka, D. F. "Sublethal Toxic Effects of Herbicides on a Non-Target Organism, Archachatina marginata." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.1/43.

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19

Baptiste, Aman Jean, Memel Jean Didier, Kouassi Kouadio Daniel, and Otchoumou Atcho. "Fiche technique de l’impact de l’amendement du substrat en poudre de coquille d’œuf de poule sur la reproduction de Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 33 (November 30, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n33p239.

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This study consists in looking for an improvement of Archachatina margina reproductions performances by amendment of the breeding substrates. As a result, five types of substrate were prepared by soil amendment at different rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% et 40%) with chicken egg shell powder. On these substrates, snails were raised from spat stage until they were laid. Reproductive parameters such as: age of first laying, the number of annual laying per animal, the number of eggs per laying on the different substrates were recorded. Overall, snail laying performances improved with increasing rate of substrate amendment. However, beyond a rate of 20%, the weight of eggs laid began to decline. The chicken egg shell powder is suitable for the amendment of the breeding substrate of snails Archachatina marginata in view of an improvement in their reproductive performance. The rate of amendment recommended to this effect is 20%.

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Ugwuowo, L. C., and N. H. Anyaokei. "Tolerance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) to varying levels of table Salt." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.106.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed diets containing different levels of sodium chloride. One hundred and twenty snails were subjected to four dietary treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% sodium chloride respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. The measured parameters included weight gain, feed intake, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. Feed cost, cost of feed per kg weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also calculated. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and shell thickness but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cost of feed per kg weight gain, shell length and shell circumference in the snails fed the treatment diets. Treatment 2 had the highest average daily weight gain (0.07±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.91±0.08) and feed cost (7.19±0.64) but the lowest feed conversion ratio (13.15±61.76) while treatment 1 had the lowest average daily weight gain (0.04±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.70±0.20) and feed cost (5.54±0.18) but the highest feed conversion ratio (15.86±0.5). This shows that inclusion of sodium chloride above 0.25% in the diet of Archachatina marginata affects both the feed intake and weight gain of the snails.

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Elenwo, Ebere Julein Okafor, Osarunmwense Precious Otote, and Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa. "The Food Diversity and Choices of Archachatina Marginata raised in Concrete Trench Pens." Journal of Bioresource Management 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.1202.0162.

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Archachatina marginata is an economically useful gastropod, scientifically proven to be of huge benefit to human’s health and wellbeing. Food varieties of A. marginata hunted from the immediate environment of Ovia North East, South-South, Nigeria, were investigated to select the most appropriate, in terms of preferences and availability. The study was conducted for five months (May to August, 2020) during the rainy season. Ten snails were selected from the wild with weights ranging from 340.21g to 355.32g and heights of 11.8cm to 13.3cm at the point of collection. The snails were housed each, in an escape-proof trench pen, covered with wire gauze and nylon net. They were fed with fourteen different types of food materials (water leaves, paw-paw leaves, sweet potato, white -boiled rice, corn powder, ripe paw-paw fruit, cocoyam leaves, millet powder, water melon, cucumber, formulated poultry mash, pineapple, white paper and cabbage). Water melon was very well consumed by all the snails (1323.30g; 66.17%) compared to other food items. The least consumed food items were millet powder (19.99%) and pineapple (20.28%). There was a marked increase in weight and length of the snails as the months progressed, with average length of 15.01 cm and average weight of 501.58g in August, relative to the initial measurements in May.

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Ajele, Joshua Oluwafemi, and Adeyinka Afolayan. "Purification and characterization of glutathione transferase from the giant African snail, Archachatina marginata." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 103, no. 1 (September 1992): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(92)90412-k.

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23

OLA, S. I., O. AKINLADE, and D. O. ADEYEMI. "HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF Archachatina marginata ovum (GASTROPODA: ACHATINIDAE) AT DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STATES." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i1.1672.

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The histological and histochemical variation in association with morphological variation in the repro-ductive system of Archachatina marginata ovum was the target of this investigation. Forty- five snails were dissected and categorized into 5 different reproductive stages (low mating, high mating, high egg, gravid and post reproductive). The reproductive tracts which include: hermaphroditic duct, albu-men gland, spermoviduct and spermatheca and the ovotestis were processed for histological and histochemical staining. There were some variations in the architecture of the reproductive organs be-tween the active (high mating, high egg and gravid) and non active stages (low mating and post repro-ductive) states. The active states were generally associated with colloidal or granular secretions. Gly-cogen and alkaline phosphatase activities were associated together throughout the epithelium of the reproductive system of A. marginata ovum and they were more strongly indicated in tissues that are intimately connected to the growth and development of gametes. It was concluded that morphological variation in the secreting glands of the reproductive system of A. marginata ovum is closely associated with changes in the functional secretory activities of the glands.

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24

AFOLAYAN, Comfort O., and Michael Olugemi AWODIRAN. "Genetic Differentiation of Archachatina marginata Populations from Three Vegetation Zones Using Radom Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, no. 3 (September 22, 2015): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb739601.

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The genetic differentiation of Archachatina marginata populations from three different zones of Nigeria was studied with a view to delimiting them into sub-species. One hundred and nineteen (119) snail specimens were collected, comprising of forty (40) specimens from Yenagoa (Mangrove forest) and from Kabba (Guinea Savanna) and thirty nine (39) specimens were from Ile-Ife (Rainforest). Eight parameters of the shell specimens of A. marginata which included height of shell, width of shell, aperture height, aperture width, spire length, spire width, penultimate whorl length and first whorl length were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA) to delimit the populations into sub-species. DNA of the various populations was extracted from the foot muscle using CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method, which was subjected to RAPD analysis. The RAPD studies employed five (5) oligonucleotide primers (OPB – 17, OPH – 12, OPH – 17, OPI – 06 and OPU – 14) to amplify DNA from 27 samples of A. marginata selected. All five primers produced different band patterns, and the number of fragments amplified per primer varied. Among them, OPB- 17 gave DNA profiles with more numerous bands than the others primers. Both PCA and CVA produced overlapped clusters of A. marginata specimens from the three vegetation zones. The height of shell was observed to be the most variable feature and preferably the most suitable parameter for population grouping. Analysis of the proportions of polymorphic loci and band sharing based on similarity indices for A. marginata samples indicated a relatively high level of genetic variation in the populations from the three areas.

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25

Okon, B., L. A. Ibom, and E. E. Odido. "Características reproductivas y calidad del huevo del cruzamiento entre dos líneas de caracoles." Archivos de Zootecnia 60, no. 229 (April 2, 2009): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v60i229.4702.

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Se emplearon caracoles Archachatina marginata saturalis de dos líneas: piel negra y piel blanca. A partir de 45 caracoles de cada tipo distribuidos en tres grupos según su peso vivo: I: 40-44 g; II: 45-49 g y III: 50-54 g, fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 10 caracoles de carne negra de cada grupo y fueron cruzados individualmente durante 12 semanas con otros 10 caracoles de carne blanca de cada grupo. El cruce entre ambos tipos de caracoles es posible y sus parámetros reproductivos son similares a los de líneas puras. El peso vivo no afectó a ninguno de los parámetros reproductivos evaluados.

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Ademolu, K. O., B. E. Taiwo, O. A. Jayeola, and O. Ajayi. "Puesta de huevos y composición de la glándula del albumen de archachatina marginata durante las fases de crecimiento." Archivos de Zootecnia 62, no. 240 (June 26, 2012): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v62i240.632.

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Se analizó el modelo de puesta y la composición de las glándulas del albumen de Archachatina marginata en tres fases de crecimiento: cría, juvenil y adulto. La puesta fue mayor en la etapa juvenil (9,3) seguida de la adulta (4,7), no hubo puesta de huevos en las crías. Los huevos de la etapa adulta fueron más pesados (p<0,05) que los de la juvenil. Los adultos tuvieron las glándulas de albumen más grandes (7,30 cm) y las mayores actividades lipasa, proteinasa, a-glucosidasa, amilasa y cellulasa, seguidas en orden decreciente por juveniles y crías. En la fase juvenil hay mayor concentración de proteína, glucosa y lípidos en la glándula del albumen. Se registraron fuertes relaciones positivas entre número de huevos, y glucosa, proteína y lípidos de la glándula del albumen. Puede inferirse que en la etapa juvenil de A. marginata, son mayores el potencial y la capacidad reproductiva.

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Fayenuwo, JO, AJ Omole, YA Popoola, MO Oladele-Bukola, BA Boladuro, and CH Onuoha. "Response of growing snails (Archachatina marginata) to diets containing quality protein maize." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v12i1.16.

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Adeboye, S., A. Ogundajo, O. Ajayi, and O. Oluba. "Archachatina marginata Haemolymph Potentiates Hypoglycemic Effect by Mimicking Insulin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 18, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2017/33786.

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Ademolu, K. O., A. B. Idowu, and O. A. Jayeola. "Changes in Haemolymph Biochemical values during different growth phases in African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina Marginata) Swainson." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1200.

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The impact of growth phases on the haemolympy biochemical value of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata was studied. The growth phases were: snailet, juvenile and Adult based on the number of whorls on the shell and weight of the snails. Highest concentration of glucose and lipids were recorded at the juvenile phase (40.20mg/dl), while least values for glucose (20.00mg/dl) and lipids (37.80mg/dl)were recorded during snailer and adult phases respectively. A progressive increase in the concentration of protein was observed as the snails moved from snailetphase to adult phase, hence snails in adult phase had highest concentration of protein in their haemolymph. Growth phases significantly (p<0.05) affected the haemolymph mineral composition of the snails, juvenile phase had the highest values in ca2+,PO4+ and Na+, while the adult phase recorded the least concentration in ca2+, Na amd cl-2. Juvenile growth phase of A. marginata thus has better haemolymph biochemical values than both snailet and adult growth phases.

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Okhale, O., J. Omoyakhi, O. Edo-Taiwo, and O. Aremu. "Hormonal Concentration of Controlled and Naturally Induced Aestivated Snails (Archachatina marginata) at Different Reproductive Phases." Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 16, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2018/37991.

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J.M, Omoyakhi, Edo-Taiwo O., Aremu O.T, and Okhale O.E. "Liveweight Changes and Reproductive Performance of Snails (Archachatina Marginata) Under Controlled and Naturally Induced Aestivation." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 10, no. 06 (June 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006015155.

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32

Udofia, Ukpong S. "Snail (Archachatina marginata) pie: a nutrient rich snack for school-age children and young mothers." International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health 2, no. 2 (2009): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfsnph.2009.029278.

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Omolara Babalola, Olubukola. "Evaluation of Some Performance Traits and Carcass Characteristics of Archachatina marginata Snails Fed Plant Wastes." American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 3, no. 4 (2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.15.

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34

Ademolu, K. O., A. B. Idowu, A. O. Jayeola, I. Osunsina, G. A. Dedeke, F. Oluwafemi, and E. Ibie. "Influence of Different Management Systems on Gut Microbes and Chemical Constituents of Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v39i2.726.

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The impact of management systems on the African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata found in Abeokuta, Nigeria was investigated. The gut microbial load, haemolymph biochemical values (proteins, lipids, glucose, Na+, Ca2+,K+, Cl- PO42+) and proximate composition (crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and carbohydrates) of the flesh were determined in these snails. There were significantly (P<0.05) higher colony forming units (cfu) in the gut of snails from the wild (5.24 x103) than the domesticated snails (3.13 x103). The aemolymph biochemical values and flesh proximate composition were significantly higher in the snails from the wild than the domesticated ones. However, antinutrients and mineral composition of the flesh were not significantly affected by the management systems. The implication of these results on snail meat value in Nigeria is discussed.

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35

Abiona, John Adesanya, Taiwo Gabriel Olaoye, Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja, and Okanlawon Mohammed Onagbesan. "Effect of zinc oxide on liveweight, reproductive organ dimensions and spermatozoa production of Archachatina marginata during dry season." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2018-0017.

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Abstract Demand for Giant African Land Snail in Nigeria is so high such that it is very difficult to meet up with the supply as a protein source. However, during dry season, production at intensive level is often challenged with decline in growth and reproduction despite interventions to boost production. This study therefore evaluates the effect of zinc oxide on liveweight, reproductive organ dimensions and spermatozoa production of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) during dry season. Thirty-two (32) snails with an average weight of 100 – 180 g were used for this experiment. The snails were allotted to four different feeding treatments which included concentrate diet only, concentrate +10 mg/kg of zinc oxide, concentrate +15 mg/kg of zinc oxide and concentrate +20 mg/kg of zinc oxide, respectively. Each treatment contained eight replicates. After nine weeks, five snails were selected from each treatment and dissected. Variables monitored were: weekly weight gain, shell circumference, shell length and shell diameter. Other reproductive data collected after dissections were: organ weight, reproductive tract weight, albumen weight, ovo-testis weight, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and spermatozoa concentration. The result showed that dietary zinc oxide significantly (P < 0.001) influenced feed intake, shell parameters, organ weight ovo-testis weight, albumen weight, gonado-somatic index, reproductive tract weight and spermatozoa concentration. Snailsfed zinc oxide supplemented diet had better shell measurements, organ weight, ovo-testis weight, albumen weight, gonadosomatic index and reproductive tract weight. Considering spermatozoa concentration, 10 mg/kg of zinc oxide inclusion into concentrate diet gave the highest concentration. The results of the present study showed that dietary zinc oxide positively influenced feed intake, shell measurements, organ weight, ovo-testis and albumen weight. Similarly, gonado-somatic index and spermatozoa production were also positively influenced. Therefore, 10 mg/kg inclusion of zinc oxide is recommended for better reproductive tract development, and spermatozoa production at the desirable economic level during the dry season production of Archachatina marginata.

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36

Dododawa, Z., and B. N. Ejidike. "Influence of two management systems on the growth performance of adult African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2073.

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African gaint land snails are important as means of alleviating acute protein shortage in Nigeria livestock Industries. The present study aimed to study the influence of intensive and extensive management systems on the growth Performance of adult African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) was carried out in the wildlife domestication unit of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Ninety African giant land snails (A. marginata) of average body weight 160.31g ± 0.38g were used for the study. The snails were grouped into two- Group A and Group B. 45 snails in group A were raised in an intensive system of management while 45 snails in group B were raised in an extensive system of management. The data collected on weight gain, shell length increment and shell width increment during the experiment were subjected to student t-Test at 5% significant level. Results showed that there was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the weight gain. The intensive management system had a higher weight gain of 128.96g with mean value of 4.96 while the extensive management system had a weight gain of 88.37g with mean value of 3.40. There was no significant difference at (p>0.05) in the shell length increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell length increment of 5.32cm with mean value of 0.20 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell length increment of 2.43cm with mean value of 0.09. There was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the shell width increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell width increment of 9.31cm with mean value of 0.36 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell width increment of 4.30cm with mean value of 0.17. The snails in the intensive system had a Feed Conversion Ratio of 5.03. For better growth performance of A. marginata in terms of weight gain, snail farmers should raise their snails in an intensive system of management and formulated diet should be used in feeding the snails along side with natural feed such as leaves and fruits.

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37

Ogbu, C. C, Ugwu, and O. C. S. "Evaluation of pre-mating reproductive isolation in Archachatina marginata from three populations in the humid tropics." African Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 65 (October 24, 2011): 14669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.882.

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38

Ademolu, K. O., A. B. Idowu, C. F. Mafiana, and O. A. Osinowo. "Performance, proximate and mineral analyses of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) fed different nitrogen sources." African Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2004): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2004.000-2079.

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39

Salawu, Musa, Timothy Yoshino, Hussein Oloyede, Adenike Kuku, Mikail Nafiu, Laura Gonzalez, and Xiao Wu. "Role of serine proteases and agglutinins in the endotoxin-induced protein coagulation in Archachatina marginata hemolymph." Journal of Investigational Biochemistry 2, no. 2 (2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jib.20130508070229.

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40

Emelue, G., and Z. Dododawa. "Nutritional Composition of African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) Fed on Diet from Different Protein Sources." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2017/33927.

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41

S. B, Oyeleke, Egwim E. C, Oyewole O. A, and John E. E. "Production of Cellulase and Protease from Microorganisms Isolated from Gut of Archachatina marginata (Giant African Snail)." Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.scit.20120201.03.

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42

Voss, M., and H. Schmidt. "Electrophysiological responses to thermal stimuli in peripheral nerves of the African giant snail, Archachatina marginata S." Journal of Thermal Biology 26, no. 1 (February 2001): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(00)00021-8.

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43

Omole, A. J., G. E. Ogbosuka, A. O. Oredehin, and J. O. Osayomi. "Effect of varying levels of salt (sodium chloride) on the performance characteristics of snails (Archachatina marginata)." Nutrition & Food Science 38, no. 6 (October 31, 2008): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650810920150.

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44

Oyeagu, Chika E., Fredrick U. Udeh, Ifeanyi E. Uzochukwu, Charles O. Osita, Simeon O. C. Ugwu, and Obinna H. Agugom. "Effect of dietary Centrosema pubescens leaf meal on growth and reproductive traits of Archachatina marginata snails." Journal of Applied Animal Research 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1434528.

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45

Ekine, O. A., and D. N. Onunkwo. "Comparative study of the carcass characteristics and nutrient composition of three species of giant African land snail." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.150.

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A comparative study was carried out on three breeds of snails in southeastern Nigeria to assess their carcass characteristic and carcass nutrient compositions. The three breeds used were Achatina fulica, Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain concentrate + pawpaw (Diet I), concentrate + Moringa oleifera (Diet II), concentrate + Moringa oleifera+ African spinach + Amaranthus hybridus (Diet III) and concentrate + Moringa oleifera+Amaranthus spinosus (Diet IV). Fifteen 6-month old growing snails of each breed was assigned per dietary treatment and each dietary treatment was replicated three times to contain five snails per replicate, given a total of one hundred and eighty snails. The experiment involved a 3 x 4 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were given ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment which lasted (56 days). At the end of the experiment, a total of seventy-two (72) snails were starved and slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Carcass nutrient compositions were measured including dry matter, moisture content, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, fat and nitrogen free extract. The results showed that the highest foot weight (57.50%) was observed in snails fed diet I, associated with relatively high live weight and highly reduced offal weight, which makes it comparatively better in improving carcass. The A. fulica, A achatina and A. marginata obtained best carcass composition respectively on diets I, III and II due to interaction effect of breed x diet. The A. achatina and A. marginata had higher dry matter (91.64 and 92.07 respectively) than the A fulica (90.09). The A. marginata carcass had the higher (p<0.05) crude protein (32.78%), highest ash (9.17%) and a moderate fat content (1.59%). Based on overall interaction effects, diet I is recommended for A. fulica, while diet III for A. marginata and diet II for A. marginata. The A. marginata performed better than the A. achatina and A. fulica in highest crude protein, highest ash and a moderate fat content and is thus recommended.

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46

Idowu, A. B., and O. A. Akinnusi. "The structure of the ovotestis of the common African land snails found in Abeokuta, South Western Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i2.938.

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A comparative study of the structure of the ovotestis of African land snails found in Abeokuta was investigated. Of all the five snails species found and dissected, Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, A. fulica, Helix pomatia and Limcolaria aurora, only the ovotestis of H. pomatia could not be observed. The positioning, shape and arrangement of the ovotestis was the same for all the other four species. The ovotestis is embedded in the digestive gland at the anterior region of the coiled posterior end of the visceral mass. It is cream coloured and made up of sac-like lobes arranged on a single plane. It is differentiated into an ovariaon and testicular region. The number and size of the ovotestis differ significantly (P<0.05) in all the snails. Each lobe is made of several follicles and the number of which varied in the four species. Statistical analysis showed that live weight, shell length, shell width and shell circumference of the snails had no significant influence on the size on their ovotestis. Meiotic metaphase spreads of the ovotestis tissues revealed chromosome numbers 2n=56, 2n=44, 2n=54 and 2n=28 for A. marginata, A. achatina, A. fulica and L. aurora

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47

Ebu, VT, JA Nandi, JO Bukie, and EU Mgbang. "Effect of feed on the growth rate of African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata Swainson." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v12i1.24.

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48

Amah, Akuma Kalu, Ogbonnaya Ewa, Muhammad Rabiu Karimah, Melford Uche Elendu, and Zaharatu Yunusa. "Effect of Archachatina marginata mucin on the aggressive factors of gastric ulcer challenged wistar rat stomach tissue." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.9.1.0163.

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49

Afomezie, P. I., C. I. Ebenebe, O. O. Njoku, A. N. Ufele, and J. C. Okonkwo. "Effects of Different Soil Treatments on Weight Gain, Shell Length and Shell Aperture of Snails (Archachatina marginata)." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2011.151.154.

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50

Alikw, P. C. N. "Response of African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) to Graded Levels of Asplenium barteri Leaf Meal Supplement." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 6, no. 1 (2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0613235.

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