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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Archaeological deposits

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Academic literature on the topic 'Archaeological deposits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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Villagrán, Ximena Suárez. "Micromorphology of archaeological deposits." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia. Suplemento, supl.8 (September 10, 2009): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5939.revmaesupl.2009.113522.

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A micromorfologia de depósitos arqueológicos está ocupando progressivamente um lugar primordial nas pesquisas geoarqueológicas. Considerada o complemento muitas vezes necessário das técnicas sedimentológicas padrão, esta ferramenta de análise representa o nexo campo-laboratório ao habilitar a observação na escala microscópica da realidade descrita a partir da avaliação dos perfis estratigráficos no campo e dos dados quantitativos obtidos no laboratório. Neste artigo, os fundamentos da técnica são apresentados com um protocolo para a correta amostragem, secagem, impregnação e laminação de amostras arqueossedimentares para análise micromorfológica, que leva em consideração a natureza dos materiais e os objetivos da pesquisa

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Ford, Pamela J. "Molluscan assemblages from archaeological deposits." Geoarchaeology 4, no. 2 (1989): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.3340040205.

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Stein, Julie K. "Coring Archaeological Sites." American Antiquity 51, no. 3 (1986): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281749.

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The history of coring and augering at archaeological sites is traced to two periods in the twentieth century. In the first period, Period I (1935-1955), the technique was used primarily to correlate archaeological deposits with river sediments for dating purposes. Rarely were the deposits containing artifacts cored or augered; rather the stratigraphic relationship of cultural to non-cultural deposits was sought. Most of this work was done in the Lower Mississippi River Delta where geologists had calculated absolute dates for river deposits. This period seems to have ended with the availability of radiometric dating and was followed by Period II (1964-present). After 1964 there is a renewed interest in coring and augering, mostly following a shift in archaeological research interests from culture history toward ecological questions. This shift coincides with the availability of a new device: a mechanical corer. During Period II, coring is utilized in many different projects, including reconstructing the environment surrounding sites, collection of samples from subsurface deposits, and locating buried archaeological sites. Following the discussion of the history of coring and augering, a description of equipment, techniques, and data potential is presented.

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FAULKNER, PATRICK. "Quantifying shell weight loss in archaeological deposits." Archaeology in Oceania 46, no. 3 (2011): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2011.tb00106.x.

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Brantingham, P. Jeffrey, Todd A. Surovell, and Nicole M. Waguespack. "Modeling post-depositional mixing of archaeological deposits." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26, no. 4 (2007): 517–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2007.08.003.

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Flegenheimer, Nora, and Marcelo Zárate. "The archaeological record in pampean loess deposits." Quaternary International 17 (January 1993): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90085-t.

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Mulholland, Susan C., and George Rapp. "Characterization of Grass Phytoliths for Archaeological Analysis." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 3 (1989): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006317x.

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The word phytolith means “plant rocks.” Phytoliths are mineral deposits that form in and between plant cells. Any mineral deposit may be considered a phytolith, although most recent research has focused on opaline silica. Silica seems to be widespread in at least some plant families and is resistant to dissolution in a pH less than 9. Silica phytoliths therefore have the potential to be useful microfossils that can be helpful in the documentation of prehistoric environment and economy.Identifiable shapes rather than amorphous deposits are a necessary characteristic for useful microfossils. Several plant families have long been known to be consistent accumulators of identifiable silica bodies: Gramineae (grass), Cyperaceae (sedge), and Equisetaceae (horsetail). Phytoliths from the Gramineae are especially well known; specialized silica-accumulating cells produce distinctively shaped phytoliths. However, other families have also been shown to produce significant amounts of identifiable phytoliths. Ulmaceae (elm), Fabaceae (bean), Cucurbitaceae (squash), and Compositae (sunflower) are a few examples of dicotyledonous families that commonly produce phytoliths. Some families, such as the Labiatae (mint), have yielded little or no identifiable phytoliths to date. However, further study may indicate phytolith production in particular species.

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Elson, Christina M., and Michael E. Smith. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS FROM THE AZTEC NEW FIRE CEREMONY." Ancient Mesoamerica 12, no. 2 (2001): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536101122078.

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The New Fire Ceremony is one of the few Aztec rituals documented in both the archaeological and historical records. The Spanish chroniclers described the New Fire Ceremony as an imperial celebration of the renewal of cosmic time that was observed on the local level by the renewal of household goods. George C. Vaillant first proposed the identification of artifact dumps at Aztec sites with descriptions of these local celebrations. We describe unpublished artifact dumps excavated by Vaillant at Chiconautla and Nonoalco in the Basin of Mexico and by Smith at Cuexcomate in Morelos and show that their context and content support Vaillant's hypothesis. Our data suggest that the New Fire Ceremony was an ancient and widespread ritual in Postclassic central Mexico that was appropriated by the Aztec empire as part of its program of ideological legitimization and control.

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Matthiesen, Henning, Jørgen Hollesen, Rory Dunlop, Anna Seither, and Johannes de Beer. "Monitoring and Mitigation Works in Unsaturated Archaeological Deposits." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 18, no. 1-3 (2016): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2016.1182777.

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Whyte, Thomas R., and J. Matthew Compton. "Explaining Toad Bones in Southern Appalachian Archaeological Deposits." American Antiquity 85, no. 2 (2020): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2019.104.

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Toad bones, sometimes occurring in great numbers in pit features and other contexts in Native American village and mound sites in the Appalachian Summit, have been interpreted as evidence that toads were consumed, used for their purportedly hallucinogenic toad venom, placed as ritual deposits, or naturally entrapped/intrusive. A paucity or lack of bones of the head in some contexts is suggestive of decapitation and consumption of toads. Alternatively, bones of the head may be less preservable, recoverable, or identifiable. This study examines toad remains on Appalachian Summit late precontact and contact period sites, reviews previous experimentation, and presents a new experimental study undertaken to identify agencies of accumulation. We propose that toads were regularly consumed and possibly as part of ritualized events associated with village and mound construction. The temporal and geographic restriction of this practice to the Pisgah and Qualla phases of the Appalachian Summit suggests subsistence ethnicity as alluded to in historical accounts.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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McCobb, Lucy M. E. "Fossilisation processes in terrestrial environments and their impact on archaeological deposits." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6a66e33b-ec24-497e-b4f4-5698f9a71918.

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Parish, Romola. "The application of sedimentological analysis and luminescence dating to waterlain deposits from archaeological sites." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5866/.

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The thesis follows an interdisciplinary approach combining sediment analysis and luminescence dating of sediments from selected archaeological sites. The work aims to assess the role of sediment analysis for luminescence dating, and the potential of TL and IRSL for dating waterlain material of Holocene age. A comparative chronology based on radiocarbon, stratigraphic and archaeological grounds is important. However, the viability of comparing different dating techniques is considered in the light of the dating results. The novel IRSL and established TL techniques were shown to successful for dating waterlain sediments, provided that a suitable light source is used for laboratory bleaching. Age comparisons between the luminescence techniques was excellent. Disparities between luminescence and C-14 ages is largely explained on a sedimentological basis. The role of sediment analysis is shown to be of great importance for luminescence dating. Certain sedimentological and luminescence characteristics are shown to be closely linked. The relationship between undated sediments affected by instability or low intensity of signals, and weathering in the strata from which the samples were taken is tested by experiment. This demonstrates that weathering of feldspars in the stratum severely affects the luminescence signals and therefore the potential for dating these samples. This represents a step towards the recognition of problematic samples in the field. In conclusion, it is shown that luminescence is suitable as an absolute dating technique for a wide variety of inorganic sedimentary material between 0-200 000 years old. This exceeds the C-14 technique both in range of material and in age limits. The main source of error is associated with variations in water content, which with the recognition of the significance of weathering, demonstrates the importance of sediment analysis in support of luminescence dating studies.

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Berry, Michael Gerald. "Stratigraphic and material interpretations of site evidence : investigations towards the nature of archaeological deposits." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14115/.

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This dissertation addresses the failure in common practice to fully integrate different parts of the archaeological record systematically, thus leading to a breakdown between excavation theory and practice. The relationship between deposit and assemblage, and thereby the use of deposit status designation is examined. A more accurate definition of status is adopted, overcoming the conceptual inadequacy linking find to deposit. The analysis of status is based on the following basic assumptions: firstly, that status is the relationship between the find and the context; secondly, that this relationship is based upon information on the function, chronology and spatial characteristics of the finds and contexts. With the concept of deposit status established, this thesis presents a method that ates all the relevant elements of the archaeological record that enable an understanding of deposit signatures; deposits and assemblages. Deposit types are examined, checking the relationships between basic physical descriptions and interpreted function. Assemblage data for ceramics and faunal remains are integrated based upon quantification that reflects their separate formafion histories. The resulting deposit signatures provide a platform for new and interesting means of reating site narrative. The new narratives reflect developments and changes in eposit formation, and ultimately, the landuse history of a site. This thesis demonstrates that the integration of finds and site data allows for more fruitful interpretation of excavation data. This approach helps to match site details with specific research agendas in both academic and commercial contexts, and can help achieve the maximum potential for research output.

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Buck, Paul E. "Structure and content of Old Kingdom archaeological deposits in the western Nile delta, Egypt : a geoarchaeological example /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6543.

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Ferrari, Ben. "Physical, biological and cultural factors influencing the formation, stabilisation and protection of archaeological deposits in U.K. coastal waters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2971.

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A considerable corpus of information regarding the formation of terrestrial archaeological deposits exists which is not matched by studies of deposit formation in coastal waters. Similarly, there is a disjunction between strident calls for minimal disturbance investigation, with conservation in situ, and knowledge of how this might actually be achieved in the marine environment. The manner in which the investigation of deposit formation can complement the study of in situ conservation is considered An approach is proposed which combines selected elements of Schiffer's Transformation Theory with a method of studying changes to deposits outlined by Wildesen. It is suggested that, although sufficient regularities can be detected in the influence of formation processes to allow their influence to be recognised and inference refined accordingly, there are case specific limitations on the extent to which the precise influence of each process can be described and evaluated. A case study is presented which investigates casual depredation as a formation process. Commercial fishing activity and marine burrowing activity are the subject of detailed consideration. New insights into these processes result from this study and specific recommendations concerning in situ conservation of deposits subject to their influence are made. The need to consider fishing practice as well as the mechanical properties of fishing gear in the study of deposit formation and protection is emphasised. The excavation of a 16th century wreck in Studland Bay, Dorset, is used to demonstrate the pervasive influence of burrowing activity and the problems associated with mitigation of this process. Recommendations are made regarding future study of formation processes and the development of policy related to the management of the submerged archaeological resource.

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Tams, Adrian R. "Soil micromorphology of archaeological deposits, wih particular reference to floor surfaces on settlement sites in the Western Isles, Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27504.

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The research is concerned with the analysis of four field identified floors from three multi-period archaeological sites (Bostadh Beach, Isle of Lewis, Cladh Hallan and Bornais, South Uist) in the Western Isles, Scotland. The method employed in the analysis of these four floors is soil micromorphology, a technique that is now established in archaeological analysis, but one that has been seldom applied to deposits in the Western Isles. In particular, the application of the technique to floor sequences in the Western Isles is unique, given that floors have rarely been analysed or even substantially documented in archaeological excavations of structures in the islands. There are three main aims in the analysis of these floors: 1) to highlight the significance and importance of microscale analysis of floors, 2) to determine their composition, formation and possible use, 3) to establish microstructural criteria and characterisation of different materials used for floors. The analysis has revealed that the floors between the three different sites are extremely different. At Bostadh, the floors are dominated by highly organic materials, whilst Cladh Hallan and Bornais floors are sand dominated with fine organic matter. The most interesting feature of the analysis is that a floor which has been described as a singular deposit in the field, can be composed of upto 21 individual floor layers. This has implications for the information that a potential floor deposit can yield, particularly with regard to the function and use of space within a structure over a depositional sequence. Micromorphological descriptions followed the international terminology of Bullock et al (1985) and Fitzpatrick (1984), with some adaptations. Organic description has detailed that different types of peat were used at Bostadh, whilst mineralogical analysis has indicated the possibility of cleaning or abandonment episodes. Analysis at Cladh Hallan has aided in the interpretation of the use of space within the structure, although these results only form part of on-going research elsewhere. The research has successfully described micromorphological characteristics of floors developed from two different materials, and has highlighted the implications and importance for the archaeological record of a settlement, through the analysis of floors. Recommendations concerning the collection and sampling for future floors have also been made.

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Capobianco, Kristy M. "Excavation site prediction using high resolution satellite imagery and GIS data development of archaeological deposits for En Bas Saline, Haiti." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011762.

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Roman-Binois, Annelise. "L'archéologie des épizooties : mise en évidence et diagnostic des crises de mortalité chez les animaux d’élevage, du Néolithique à Pasteur." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H052/document.

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Les épizooties du passé, malgré leur impact économique, sanitaire et social sur les sociétés agro-pastorales anciennes, sont particulièrement mal documentées en archéologie, et leurs millions de victimes semblent n’avoir laissé aucune trace matérielle. Cette thèse s’attache donc à démontrer qu’il est non seulement possible de mettre en évidence des dépôts animaux consécutifs à des crises de mortalité, mais aussi d’identifier les causes spécifiques des décès. Elle adopte une démarche interdisciplinaire, mêlant méthodes et données de l’archéologie, de l’histoire et de la médecine vétérinaire. Deux outils méthodologiques y sont développés. Le premier est une grille d’analyse permettant l’identification des crises de mortalité animales parmi tous les dépôts de faune rencontrés en archéologie. Le second est une démarche de diagnostic différentiel de la nature des crises, reposant sur la confrontation entre les caractéristiques épidémiologiques des dépôts animaux et celles des principales causes de mortalité identifiées aux époques étudiées. Des examens complémentaires ciblés permettent alors la validation des hypothèses diagnostiques obtenues. Une cinquantaine de dépôts animaux témoignant vraisemblablement de crises de mortalité passées sont ainsi identifiés dans la bibliographie, corpus faisant l’objet d’une analyse multicritère diachronique et spécifique. Six assemblages ovins datés de l’Antiquité à la période Moderne font ensuite l’objet d’une étude archéologique et ostéologique approfondie. L’application du protocole d’analyse permet la formulation d’hypothèses diagnostiques dans cinq cas sur six, et dans un cas sa confirmation par la mise en évidence du pathogène incriminé<br>Acute episodes of animal mortality had severe impacts on past societies, with lasting economical, sanitary and social consequences. They remain however largely undocumented, in particular in archaeology, where the millions of animal victims described in historical texts appear to have left no material evidence. This dissertation thus strives to explore this discrepancy and to demonstrate that not only is it possible to identify archaeological deposits of mass animal mortality, but that it is also possible to diagnose the specific cause of the deaths. Theses aims are addressed by an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on methods and data from the fields of archaeology, history and veterinary science, and leading to the development of two methodological tools. The first tool allows the identification of animal mass mortality deposits through a flow chart based on objective archaeological criteria. The second presents as a protocol allowing the differential diagnosis and those of the main causes for animal mortalities in that time and place. Selected diagnostic hypotheses are then tested by targeted analyses. This allows us to identify fifty-one archaeological animal deposits probably resulting from mass mortality events in the bibliographical record, and to carry out a multi-criteria analysis of the resulting corpus in a diachronic and a species-specific perspective. Six ovine assemblages dating from the Roman period to the Modern period are then selected for an in-depth archaeological and osteological study. Likely diagnostic hypotheses are identified through our protocol in five cases out of six, one of which is confirmed by the paleoparasitological identification of the suspected pathogen

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Miller, Andrew Paul. "The York archaeological assessment : an investigation of techniques for urban deposit modelling utilising Geographic Information Systems." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2462/.

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Belge, Burak. "Urban Archaeological Issues And Resources In Izmir Historic City Centre: An Exploratory Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606886/index.pdf.

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In Turkey, the majority of the historic city centres have been continuously occupied since early ages onwards and where still occupation exists. The multi-layered structure of historic centres both can indicate the historical continuity of cities and enhance urban consciousness, if urban archaeological resources are handled effectively into planning process. However, the recent policies and strategies don&amp<br>#8217<br>t allow the handling of urban archaeological resources, especially invisible sub-soil resources, into planning and decision-making process. In this thesis, it is aimed to formulate a basic methodological framework for the handling of urban archaeological resources into planning process of historic city centres in Turkey. Therefore, the study is handled in two parts<br>a conceptual methodological framework part and an exploratory case study.In the conceptual part, a basic equation is studied to research the factors on the conservation and evaluation of real urban archaeological potential. Then, the methodological framework is examined in detail in izmir Historic City Centre that has been inhabited since 324 B.C. Consequently, the terms of equi-property areas, which are used to define ideal potential of archaeological resources, and urban archaeological character zones, which are described as the basic units of planning and conservation policies, are developed to determine exact management strategies for urban archaeological resources.

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Books on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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The passage of arms: An archaeological analysis of prehistoric hoards and votive deposits. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Richard, Bradley. Consumption, change and the archaeological record: The archaeology of monuments and the archaeology of deliberate deposits. University of Edinburgh, Department of Archaeology, 1985.

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Shersti︠u︡k, V. V. (V'i︠a︡cheslav Viktorovich), ред. Pam'i︠a︡tky arkheolohiï terytoriï Haleshchynsʹkoho rodovyshcha zalizystykh kvart︠s︡ytiv na Poltavshchyni =: Archaeological sites of territory of the Haleshensk ferruginous quartz deposits in the Poltava Region. Dyvosvit, 2007.

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Suprunenko, Oleksandr. Pam'i︠a︡tky arkheolohiï terytoriï Haleshchynsʹkoho rodovyshcha zalizystykh kvart︠s︡ytiv na Poltavshchyni =: Archaeological sites of territory of the Haleshensk ferruginous quartz deposits in the Poltava Region. Dyvosvit, 2007.

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Vicki, Cummings. From cairn to cemetery: An archaeological investigation of the chambered cairns and early Bronze Age mortuary deposits at Cairnderry and Bargrennan White Cairn, south-west Scotland. Archaeopress, 2007.

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Society, Yorkshire Archaeological. Guide to the archive collections of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society 1931-1983 and to collections deposited with the society. Archive Advisory Council for West Yorkshire, 1985.

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Joyce, Rosemary A., and Joshua Pollard. Archaeological Assemblages and Practices of Deposition. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0012.

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Archaeologists routinely describe sites as composed of assemblages encountered in deposits. But what is actually meant by ‘assemblage’ and ‘deposition’? This article explores how these concepts have been developed and considers the implications of contemporary understandings of deposition and assemblage that depart significantly from conventional definitions, many still to be found in introductory text books. Conventionally, the term ‘assemblage’ is applied to a collection of artefacts or ecofacts recovered from a specific archaeological context — a site, an area within a site, a stratified deposit, or a specific feature such as a ditch, tomb, or house. This article further explains in details the histories of archaeological approaches followed by contemporary approaches. The conventional definitions of assemblage and deposition emerged from geological and processual models of archaeological ‘formation processes’ that developed from the nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. Analysis the contemporary approach towards archaeological assemblages finishes this article.

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Bradley, Richard. The Passage of Arms: An Archaeological Anaysis of Prehistoric Hoards and Votive Deposits. Oxbow Books Limited, 1998.

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Van Dyke, Ruth. Sacred Geographies. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.37.

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For indigenous peoples in the Southwest, sacred geographies are bound up with histories, religious practices, and cosmologies. Axis mundi and memory anchors create connections across spatial and temporal realities. High places (peaks, mesas) are the home of mythic beings or entry points into a world above. Openings in the earth (canyons, springs) lead to a world below. Special places demarcate cosmologies on current (Tewa) and ancient (Chaco Canyon) landscapes. Sacred geographies are marked by shrines, rock art, votive deposits, trails, alignments, and archaeological sites. Pilgrimages are undertaken to natural and archaeological memory anchors and axis mundi. Sacred places are increasingly threatened by groups with divergent interests.

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Lowenstam, Heinz A., and Stephen Weiner. On Biomineralization. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049770.001.0001.

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Focusing on the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms, this comprehensive volume explores questions that relate to a wide variety of fields, from biology and biochemistry, to paleontology, geology, and medical research. Preserved fossils are used to date geological deposits and archaeological artifacts. Materials scientists investigate mineralized tissues to determine the design principles used by organisms to form strong materials. Many medical problems are also associated with normal and pathological mineralization. Lowenstam, the pioneer researcher in biomineralization, and Weiner discuss the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms and compare various mineralization processes. Reference tables listing all known cases in which organisms form minerals are included.

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Book chapters on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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Malainey, Mary E. "Matrix and Environmental Deposits." In Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5704-7_28.

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Müller, F. "Gold Deposits and the Archaeological Distribution of Gold Artefacts." In Prehistoric Gold in Europe. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1292-3_13.

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Ledoux, Lysianna, Gilles Berillon, Nathalie Fourment, and Jacques Jaubert. "Reproduce to Understand: Experimental Approach Based on Footprints in Cussac Cave (Southwestern France)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_4.

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AbstractThe morphology of a track depends on many factors that must be considered when interpreting it. An experimental approach is often required to understand the influence of each of these factors, both at the time of the track formation and after its formation. These aspects, which are fairly well documented for tracks found in open-air settings, are much more limited for those found in karst settings. Although caves are stable environments enabling the preservation of archaeological remains, many taphonomical processes can alter the grounds and the walls. Based on the observations made on footprints found in Cussac Cave (Dordogne region of southwestern France), this study focuses on one of these natural phenomena and tests the impact of flooding episodes and the resulting clay deposits on the track’s morphology and topography. Our experiments show that although the general morphology of footprints and some details such as digits are preserved, their topography is altered by successive flooding episodes and clay deposits. The loss of definition of the footprints due to flooding episodes can also lead to misinterpretation. This work sheds new light on the Cussac footprints, while the further development of such experiments will allow us to improve our results and apply them to other settings and sites.

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Beovide, Laura, and Sergio Martínez. "Natural Shell Deposits from a Río de la Plata Estuarine Beach, Uruguay: Formation Processes and Archaeological Implications." In Topics in Geobiology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20625-3_9.

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Daraojimba, Kingsley C., Philip A. Oyelaran, Marcia A. de Barros, Jeanne Cordeiro, and Cynthia F. Pinto da Luz. "Archaeological Deposit in Motako, Southwest Nigeria, Investigated by Pollen Analysis." In Plants and People in the African Past. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89839-1_13.

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Duday, Henri. "Archaeological Proof of an Abrupt Mortality Crisis: Simultaneous Deposit of Cadavers, Simultaneous Deaths?" In Paleomicrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75855-6_3.

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Herz, Norman, and Ervan G. Garrison. "Metallic Minerals and Archaeological Geology." In Geological Methods for Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090246.003.0018.

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Economic geology had its inception in the ancient utilization of rocks and minerals. The first economic materials were nonmetallic and include flint, quartz, diabase, rhyolite, obsidian, jade, and other stones, which were sought for weapons, implements, adornment, and even art. Beginning with the Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian period, clay began to be widely used for simple figurines, then brick and finally pottery. S. H. Ball identifies 13 varieties of minerals—chalcedony, quartz, rock crystal, serpentine, obsidian, pyrite, jasper, steatite, amber, jadite, calcite, amethyst, and fluorspar—as economic within the Paleolithic. Add to this list the use of ochres and mineral paints together with nephrite, sillimanite, and turquoise. In the standard reference on the nonmetallic deposits, "Industrial Minerals and Rocks", 6th edition published in 1994, deposits are classified by use and the minerals and rocks described as commodities. The fourteen use groups include such items as abrasives, constructions materials, and gem materials; the 48 commodities include clay, diamonds, feldspar, etc. Metalliferous minerals as ore deposits are unevenly distributed throughout the world. The formation of a mineral deposit is an episode or series of episodes in the geological history of a region and reflects three broad categories: (1) igneous activity, (2) sedimentary processes, and (3) metamorphism. Table 12.1 summarizes general features of the three categories of mineral deposits. Admixtures of metals are by far the most common form of mineral deposits. Gold, silver, and copper occur either as native metals or admixed with other metals and compounds. Most ore deposits are actually mixtures of metals: silver commonly with lead, zinc with cadmium, iron with copper. Many metallic ore deposits are products of igneous activity. Conditions change in the magma chamber as the principal rock-forming minerals crystallize, temperature falls as the magma cools, pressure is lowered as the magma rises in the crust, and volatiles increase in the magma chamber.

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STEIN, JULIE K. "Deposits for Archaeologists." In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-003111-5.50009-9.

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HARRIS, EDWARD C. "Deposits as units of stratification." In Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-326651-4.50014-6.

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Derham, Brendan, Clare Ellis, and Jo McKenzie. "Refining interpretations of the archaeological deposits." In Excavations at Milla Skerra Sandwick, Unst. Oxbow Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjsf40n.9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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Eppelbaum, L., B. Khesin, S. Itkis, and Z. Ben-Avraham. "Advanced Analysis of Self-Potential Data in Ore Deposits and Archaeological Sites." In Near Surface 2004 - 10th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.10.p054.

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Dolbunova, E., J. Meadows, A. Mazurkevich, A. Tsybrij та T. Tsybrij. "РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ХРОНОЛОГИЯ П. РАКУШЕЧНЫЙ ЯР". У Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-24-25.

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Rakushechny Yar site is a floodplain multi-layer archaeological site encompassing strata dated to Early Neolithic – Bronze Age. It is characterized by complex stratigraphy, presence of different deposits, buried soils and cultural layers. Fluvial deposits interlay different settlement strata, which provide an opportunity to elaborate precise chronological scheme and study the successive changes in hydrological regime, climate and vegetation changes along with human occupation phases. A new series of samples, from cultural layers of new excavated areas dated to an interval spanning no more than a few decades, centered around 5600 cal. BC.

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Uhlemann, S. S., J. E. Chambers, P. B. Wilkinson, M. Kirkham, and M. Beamish. "Archaeological and Resources Assessment of Sand and Gravel Deposits Using 3D ERT and Automated Interface Detection." In Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201601941.

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Gabellone, Francesco, Daniele Malfitana, Giovanni Leucci, et al. "INTEGRATED METHODOLOGIES FOR A NEW RECONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSAL OF THE AMPHITHEATRE OF CATANIA." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3555.

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The roman amphitheatre of Catania stands in a very complex and interesting area where settlement dynamics and transformations have profoundly marked its urban landscape. Over the centuries, the urban and architectural histories together with the formation of the archaeological deposits have led to the complete obliteration of the monument and restricted knowledge of its plan and architectural development. Therefore, it constitutes an interesting context in which to experiment methods and techniques for architectural representation and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the monument.

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Mandel, Rolfe D., and Anthony L. Layzell. "ADVANCES IN USING SOIL SURVEY DATA AS A PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR LOCATING DEEPLY BURIED ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS IN STREAM VALLEYS OF THE MIDWEST, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320650.

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Bassett, Christine N., C. Fred T. Andrus, and Catherine F. West. "CLAMS AND CLIMATE IN THE KODIAK ARCHIPELAGO, ALASKA: INSIGHTS FROM OXYGEN ISOTOPE SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF S. GIGANTEA FROM MIDDLE TO LATE HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286784.

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S. Upwood, Jennifer, Christopher Leech, Ian A. Hill, and Neil Linford. "Repeatability Of Towed Magnetic Data For Archaeological Prospection Within A Sand And Gravel Mineral Deposit." In 21st EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.177.84.

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Upwood, J. S., C. Leech, I. A. Hill, and N. Linford. "Repeatability of Towed Magnetic Data for Archaeological Prospection within a Sand and Gravel Mineral Deposit." In Near Surface 2008 - 14th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146352.

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Upwood, Jennifer S., Christopher Leech, Ian A. Hill, and Neil Linford. "Repeatability of Towed Magnetic Data for Archaeological Prospection within a Sand and Gravel Mineral Deposit." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2963317.

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Amore, Raffaele, and FEDERICA CARANDENTE. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL RELIEF AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TEMPIO-MASSERIA DEL GIGANTE IN CUMAE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12094.

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The following paper describes the work originated from a University exercise drill, made during the Restoration Lab of the architecture Department of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. It shows the results of a relief and metric characterisation campaign of the ‘Masseria del Gigante' (Giant’s Farmhouse) Temple, in Cumae, in the Naples province. This is a rural building from the XVIII century, built and extended by incorporating the rests of the cell of an ancient temple from the Flavian Age, located at the eastern border of Cumae lower city’s Foro, that was called “del Gigante” (of the Giant), because a large Jupiter’s bust was found in its proximities. Well known in the world of antiquarian dealers, it was pictured in many drawings and landscape paintings since the end of the XVII century and the first half of the XVIII, the Masseria Temple taken into exam has been acquired by the public domain only at the end of the 1990, so only after this period the first archaeological investigations were made. Afterwards, between 1996 and 2002, conspicuous restoration and securing works were made. Today the structure is used as a temporary deposit for archaeological findings and it’s among the buildings included in a wider restoration and re-functionalization project that has been proposed by the Campi Flegrei Archaeological Park and that is now about to start. The following research was developed from the structure’s relief made with photo-modelling techniques and it aimed to identify the construction methodologies and the degrading phenomena in place, with special regards to the identification of the ancient parts of the Temple, of those pertaining the conversion in a farmhouse and, lastly,, those realised during the aforementioned restoration works.

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Reports on the topic "Archaeological deposits"

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Gebhart, Dick L., H. A. Torbert, and Michael Hargrave. Identifying Military Impacts on Archaeological Deposits Based on Differences in Soil Organic Carbon and Chemical Elements at Soil Horizon Interfaces. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559158.

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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world

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