Journal articles: 'Archaeological geophysics'

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Boucher, Andrew R. "Archaeological feedback in geophysics." Archaeological Prospection 3, no. 3 (1996): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0763(199609)3:3<129::aid-arp49>3.0.co;2-#.

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Clark, Anthony J. "Archaeological geophysics in Britain." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 7 (1986): 1404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442189.

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I describe the approach followed by the Ancient Monuments Laboratory in adapting the instrumentation and techniques of resistivity and magnetic prospecting to the near‐surface problems of mapping buried archaeological sites. Such sites demand rapid and intensive ground coverage and the highest possible spatial resolution and instrument sensitivity. Resistivity is used largely for planning building foundations. Optimized resistivity results have required comparative studies of electrode configurations and the effect on resistivity of climatic variations in different lithologies. Magnetic prospecting is especially effective for detecting (1) fired structures such as kilns, and (2) excavated features such as ditches and pits filled with topsoil of relatively high susceptibility (which is further enhanced by human activities). Speed and resolution requirements have caused the proton magnetometer to be abandoned in favor of the fluxgate gradiometer. Valuable information about human activity can also be obtained from magnetic susceptibility measurements on topsoil.

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Wynn, Jeffrey C. "Archaeological prospection: An introduction to the Special Issue." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 3 (1986): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442107.

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Archaeological prospection, as the use of geophysical methods in archaeology is known in Europe, is about four decades old (seven decades, if aerial photography of archaeological sites is included). Virtually the entire range of geophysical methods, perhaps excluding only borehole techniques, has found application in the search for archaeological sites unseen or partially known. Pressures by developers, and the public’s growing sensitivity toward the preservation of historic and prehistoric cultural artifacts and sites, has led to an accelerating use of high‐resolution geophysical methods in the archaeological sciences. The archaeogeophysical articles in this Special Issue are reasonably representative of the development of this specialty field of geophysics.

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Donati, Jamieson C., and Apostolos Sarris. "Geophysical survey in Greece: recent developments, discoveries and future prospects." Archaeological Reports 62 (November 2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608416000065.

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Geophysics has emerged as a significant and primary tool of archaeological research in Greece. It is no longer marginalized to a supporting role for excavations and pedestrian surveying, but has developed into a fundamental method of investigating layers of cultural heritage in its own right. This can be explained varyingly, from the increasingly holistic nature of archaeological fieldwork, to a broader appreciation of the diverse applications of geophysics to characterize historical contexts, the unique range of site assessment offered by geophysics and the capacity of geophysics to explore the subsurface in challenging conditions. Technology too plays a vital role. New generations of equipment have the ability to map archaeological features in high resolution, in rapid sequence and oftentimes in 3D. Geophysics along with other non-invasive methods, like satellite and airborne remote sensing, has also gained wider traction because of concerns about the costs, impacts and time horizons of traditional fieldwork practices. This brief report highlights some of the recent developments and applications of geophysical survey in Greece. It is not meant to be an inclusive account or an evaluation of each geophysical technique; instead, it emphasizes current trends in this important and expanding field of research and touches upon its future prospects in the country.

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Hay, Sophie, and Stephen Kay. "Archaeological Fieldwork Reports: Geophysics projects." Papers of the British School at Rome 77 (November 2009): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200000313.

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Hay, Sophie, Stephen Kay, and Kristian Strutt. "Archaeological Fieldwork Reports: Geophysics projects." Papers of the British School at Rome 76 (November 2008): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200000714.

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Hay, Sophie, Stephen Kay, Jessica Ogden, and Gregory Tucker. "Archaeological Fieldwork Reports: Geophysics projects." Papers of the British School at Rome 78 (November 2010): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200001124.

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Hay, Sophie, and Stephen Kay. "Archaeological Fieldwork Reports: Geophysics projects." Papers of the British School at Rome 80 (September 24, 2012): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246212000487.

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Gerrard, James, Liz Caldwell, and Alisa Kennedy. "Green Waste and Archaeological Geophysics." Archaeological Prospection 22, no. 2 (2015): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.1503.

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Hay, Sophie, Rose Ferraby, and Stephen Kay. "Archaeological Field-Work Reports: Geophysics projects." Papers of the British School at Rome 75 (November 2007): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200003810.

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Cott, Peter J. "Archaeological geophysics in East Anglia, UK." Archaeological Prospection 9, no. 3 (2002): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.189.

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Hegyi, Alexandru, Dragoș Diaconescu, Petru Urdea, Apostolos Sarris, Michał Pisz, and Alexandru Onaca. "Using Geophysics to Characterize a Prehistoric Burial Mound in Romania." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050842.

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A geophysical investigation was carried across the M3 burial mound from Silvașu de Jos —Dealu Țapului, a tumuli necropolis in western Romania, where the presence of the Yamnaya people was certified archaeologically. For characterizing the inner structure of the mound, two conventional geophysical methods have been used: a geomagnetic survey and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The results allowed the mapping of the central features of the mound and the establishment of the relative stratigraphy of the mantle, which indicated at least two chronological phases. Archaeological excavations performed in the central part of the mound accurately validated the non-invasive geophysical survey and offered a valuable chronological record of the long-forgotten archaeological monument. Geophysical approaches proved to be an invaluable instrument for the exploration of the monument and suggest a fast constructive tool for the investigation of the entire necropolis which currently has a number of distinct mounds.

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Evangelista, Ryz, and Eric Wedepohl. "Archaeological geophysics: 3D imaging of the Muweilah archaeological site, United Arab Emirates." Exploration Geophysics 35, no. 1 (2004): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg04093.

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Imai, Tsuneo, Toshihiko Sakayama, and Takashi Kanemori. "Use of ground‐probing radar and resistivity surveys for archaeological investigations." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 2 (1987): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442290.

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In Japan, geophysical methods are normally used to estimate the distribution of cultural relics before digging. Objects of archaeological interest are usually located within a few meters of the surface. Therefore, geophysical methods suitable for archaeological exploration are those which provide high resolution at shallow depths. The most commonly used geophysical methods are ground‐probing radar, resistivity, and magnetometry. Of these methods, we used mainly ground‐probing radar and resistivity surveys in archaeological investigations at four sites. Three of the sites were in Gumma Prefecture (Japan); they were covered with volcanic deposits (loam or pumice). Using ground‐probing radar, we were able to locate ancient dwellings, burial mounds, and a distribution of archaeologically significant “culture layers.” At the other site, in Nara Prefecture, we located part of the remains of an ancient city. In this investigation, the resistivity method and ground‐probing radar were combined to determine the location of an underground water course within the ancient city.

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Pozdnyakova, Olga A. "Assessment of Prospects for the Use of Magnetic Surveys for the Study of Archaeological Sites." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 19, no. 5 (2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-5-44-57.

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Purpose. Magnetometry is currently the most popular geophysical technique used for archaeology. The current task for optimization and development of archaeological and geophysical research is to assess the prospects of magnetic exploration within the territory of archaeological sites. In order to develop this subject, the article analyses the experience of archaeological and geophysical works carried out in the Ob-Irtysh interfluves. The research was conducted within the framework of cooperation between the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography and the Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. Conclusions are made on the basis of comparison of magnetic mapping data, excavation test and measurements of magnetic properties of different soils. The source base includes 30 archaeological sites. There are proposed recommendations for magnetic survey in the presence of interference of various types. The conclusion confirms that the main cause of anomalies over archaeological objects is the ingress of a more magnetic soil in the depths surrounding it. Magnetic survey was found to be effective for archaeological sites, where the contrast of soils and underlying blanket deposits by magnetic susceptibility is no less than 20–30 · 10–5 SI units. It is observed that zones of magnetic properties with high contrast are linked to areas with hills. Conclusion. The achieved results will allow determine the prospects of magnetic survey of archaeological sites of the Ob-Irtysh interfluves. The technique used to estimate magnetic properties is universal, however it will differ between regions due to magnetic properties of the soils. In order to increase the efficiency of archaeological and geophysical works, the geography of such research needs to be expanded.

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Eppelbaum, L. V. "Archaeological geophysics in Israel: past, present and future." Advances in Geosciences 24 (April 9, 2010): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-24-45-2010.

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Abstract. In Israel occur a giant number of archaeological objects of various age, origin and size. Different kinds of noise complicate geophysical methods employment at archaeological sites. Geodynamical active, multi-layered, and geologically variable surrounding media in many cases damages ancient objects and disturbs their physical properties. This calls to application of different geophysical methods armed by the modern interpretation technology. The main attention is focused on the geophysical methods most frequently applying in Israeli archaeological sites: GPR and high-precise magnetic survey. Other methods (paleomagnetic, resistivity, near-surface seismics, piezoelectric, etc.) are briefly described and reviewed. The number of employed geophysical methodologies is constantly increasing, and now Israeli territory may be considered as a peculiar polygon for various geophysical methods testing. Several examples illustrate effective application of geophysical methods over some typical archaeological remains. The geophysical investigations at archaeological sites in Israel could be tentatively divided on three stages: (1) past (1990), (2) present (1990–2009), and (3) future (2010). The past stage with several archaeoseismic reviews and very limited application of geophysical methods was replaced by the present stage with the violent employment of numerous geophysical techniques. It is supposed that the future stage will be characterized by extensive development of multidiscipline physical-archaeological databases, employment of all possible indicators for 4-D monitoring and ancient sites reconstruction, as well as application of combined geophysical multilevel surveys using remote operated vehicles at low altitudes.

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Nelson, Peter A. "The Role of GPR in Community-Driven Compliance Archaeology with Tribal and Non-tribal Communities in Central California." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 3 (2021): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2021.14.

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AbstractFor tribes whose preservation values and mitigation strategies for managing cultural heritage are built on an ethic of avoidance and minimal disturbance, geophysical technologies can be key components of the research design. These technologies, most notably ground-penetrating radar, have been used with great success in identifying and evaluating the depth, extent, and composition of some of those resources for heritage research and management purposes, easing tensions when working with sensitive ancestral places. Additionally, research in archaeological geophysics has shifted from feature finding in order to excavate targets of interest to the recognition that geophysical survey can provide data and interpretations for whole sites and landscapes complementary to or beyond that of excavation, especially regarding the intactness and sensitivity of cultural heritage sites. This use of geophysics as a primary method for research rather than a precursor to archaeological research has empowered tribes with another tool to advocate for low-impact investigation of ancestral sites and landscapes that position tribes as pro-science. Geophysical technologies provide scientifically rigorous yet minimally impactful strategies for investigating heritage while satisfying the requirements of academic and compliance archaeology in ways that can also be culturally appropriate for a much broader spectrum of tribal cultural heritage under consideration.

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Lowe, Kelsey M., and Aaron S. Fogel. "Understanding Northeastern Plains Village sites through archaeological geophysics." Archaeological Prospection 17, no. 4 (2010): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.394.

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Eppelbaum, L. V., B. E. Khesin, and S. E. Itkis. "Archaeological geophysics in arid environments: Examples from Israel." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 7 (2010): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.018.

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Di Fiore, B., D. Chianese, A. Loperte та ін. "First geophysical results in the Archeological sites of Θούρια (Péloponnèse, Hellas) and Sibari-Thurii (southern Italy)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, № 3 (2018): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16827.

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High resolution techniques for data acquisition and processing procedures are increasingly applied in near-surface geophysics for archaeology. In this paper we present the preliminary results of two geophysical measurements campaigns aimed to the investigation of buried remains in the archaeological sites of Θουρία (Péloponnèse, Hellas) and Sibari (Southern Italy). In the first field survey the geophysical approach involved the integrated application of the geoelectrical and magnetic methods and an innovative tomographic analysis for the inversion of both resistivity and magnetic data. In the second case, we carried out high resolution magnetic measurements, interpreted by means of the use of an appropriate filtering procedure. The applied data inversion allows us to provide reliable space patterns of the most probable specific target boundaries, improving the information quality of geophysical methods. The results obtained at this early stage of data processing confirm some archaeological hypothesis about the investigated areas and confirm that the use of integrated geophysical methods allows the archaeologists to reduce the time and the costs of their surveys.

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Masini, Nicola, Giovanni Leucci, David Vera, et al. "Towards Urban Archaeo-Geophysics in Peru. The Case Study of Plaza de Armas in Cusco." Sensors 20, no. 10 (2020): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102869.

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One of the most complex challenges of heritage sciences is the identification and protection of buried archaeological heritage in urban areas and the need to manage, maintain and inspect underground services. Archaeology and geophysics, used in an integrated way, provide an important contribution to open new perspectives in understanding both the history of cities and in helping the decision makers in planning and governing the urban development and management. The problems of identification and interpretation of geophysical features in urban subsoil make it necessary to develop ad hoc procedures to be implemented and validated in significant case studies. This paper deals with the results of an interdisciplinary project in Cusco (Peru), the capital of Inca Empire, where the georadar method was applied for the first time in the main square. The georadar method was successfully employed based on knowledge of the historical evolution of Cusco and the availability of archaeological records provided by some excavations nearby the study area. Starting from a model for the electromagnetic wave reflection from archaeological structures and pipes, georadar results were interpreted by means of comparative morphological analysis of high amplitude values observed from time slices with reflectors visualized in the radargrams.

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Kittel, Piotr, Jerzy Sikora, and Piotr Wroniecki. "The morphology of the Luciąża River valley floor in the vicinity of the Rozprza medieval ring-fort in light of geophysical survey." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 8, no. 1 (2015): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2015-0008.

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AbstractMultidisciplinary research (including magnetic survey, earth resistance survey, geological mapping, detailed archaeological surface survey and geochemical prospection) was undertaken on an area of about 0.7–9.0 hectares (depending on the method) in the close surroundings of the medieval ring-fort relicts in central Poland. The geophysical studies of the vicinity of the Rozprza ring-fort were part of a multi-method complementary non-destructive archaeological survey. The ring-fort is situated in the Luciąża River (Vistula River basin) valley floor and the flood plain morphology is very important for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions of settlement location. Results of aerial photographs and geophysical prospection allowed the discovery of traces of sub-fossil palaeomeanders of different sizes as well as relicts of archaeological features (system of ramparts and moats). It was possible due to the application of high resolution archaeo-geophysical surveys. Both natural structures and also anthropogenic features registered with geophysics have been verified by geological sounding. The surface geology structure of the close vicinity of the ring-fort has been recognised in detail and selected organic deposits of palaeochannel fills and overbank covers have been14C dated. The Rozprza ring-fort was situated in a defensive location on the surface of a sandy terrace remnant in the central part of a (partly) swampy valley floor. The accumulation of recorded fills of palaeochannels and moats covers the whole Holocene, as documented by14C data. It gives the possibility for future detailed palaeoenvironmental studies. The results of geophysical studies, due to their known precise location, allow the effective planning of further research activities, both archaeological and palaeoenvironmental.

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Zhurbin, I. V., A. I. Bazhenova, V. N. Milich, and A. G. Zlobina. "Assessing the archaeological sites’ cultural layer preservation by the methods of multi-zone aerial photography, ground-based sounding and cartography." Geodesy and Cartography 960, no. 6 (2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-960-6-45-55.

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Arranging effective state protection of historical and cultural heritage objects requires developing modern methods of identifying archaeological sites and determining their boundaries. To solve this task, an algorithm of interdisciplinary research based on the analysis of multispectral data obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. To search for areas of the surface-transformed and substituted cultural layer, it is proposed to use a processing method based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Using the Shannon–Kotelnikov wavelet function to study the medieval Kushman settlement of Uchkakar enabled assessing the preservation of the cultural layer in various parts of the settlement. The correctness of the proposed interpretation is confirmed by the data of geophysical studies, soil drilling and materials of archaeological excavations. Complex application of multispectral aerial photography, geophysics and soil investigation made it possible to obtain reliable cartographic information on the boundaries of the archaeological sites and the preservation of their cultural layer in a short time. The effectiveness of the algorithm is that each successive method verifies the previously obtained data and at the same time supplements the information on the archaeological sites.

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Steeples, Don W. "Engineering and environmental geophysics at the millennium." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 1 (2001): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444910.

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Near‐surface geophysics is being applied to a broader spectrum of problems than ever before, and new application areas are arising continually. Currently, the tools used to examine the near‐surface environment include a variety of noninvasive methods employing electrical, electromagnetic, or mechanical energy sources, along with passive techniques that measure the physical parameters of the earth. Some of the advances of recent years have emerged from breakthroughs in instrumentation and computer‐processing techniques, and some have been driven by societal needs, such as the increasing demand for the accurate geophysical characterization of polluted sites. Other compelling factors, such as the ever‐expanding need for groundwater, the enactment of laws that have spurred geophysical surveying for archaeological purposes, and the necessity for better soil‐physics information in geotechnical engineering and agriculture, are present worldwide. For historical context, the reader is referred to an excellent review concerning the status of shallow exploration techniques in the mid-1980s (Dobecki and Romig, 1985).

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Small, Alastair. "Archaeological Fieldwork Support: Excavation, geophysics and field survey at Vagnari." Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (November 2002): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200002336.

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Butler, Dwain K., Janet E. Simms, and Daryl S. Cook. "Archaeological geophysics investigation of the Wright Brothers 1910 hangar site." Geoarchaeology 9, no. 6 (1994): 437–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.3340090603.

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Schettino, Antonio, Annalisa Ghezzi, and Pietro Paolo Pierantoni. "Magnetic field modelling and analysis of uncertainty in archaeological geophysics." Archaeological Prospection 26, no. 2 (2018): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.1729.

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Monterroso-Checa, Antonio, Teresa Teixidó, Massimo Gasparini, et al. "Use of Remote Sensing, Geophysical Techniques and Archaeological Excavations to Define the Roman Amphitheater of Torreparedones (Córdoba, Spain)." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242937.

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Non-destructive techniques are widely used to explore and detect burial remains in archaeological sites. In this study, we present two sets of sensors, aerial and geophysics, that we have combined to analyze a 2 ha sector of ground in the Torreparedones Archaeological Park located in Cordoba, Spain. Aerial platforms were used in a first step to identify a Roman amphitheater located near the Roman city. To ensure greater reliability and to rule out geological causes, a geophysical survey was subsequently carried out. Magnetic gradiometer, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were also used to confirm the existence of this structure, define the geometry and, to the greatest possible extent, determine the degree of preservation of this construction. The adverse conditions for data acquisition was one of the main constraints, since the area of interest was an almond plantation which conditioned geophysical profiles. In addition, due to the low dielectric and magnetic contrast between the structures and the embedding material, meticulous data processing was required. In order to obtain further evidence of this amphitheater and to corroborate the aerial images and the geophysical models, an archaeological excavation was carried out. The results confirmed the cross-validation with the predicted non-destructive models. Therefore, this work can serve as an example to be used prior to conservation actions to investigate the suburbs and landscapes near similar roman cities in Spain.

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Capizzi, P., P. L. Cosentino, G. Fiandaca, R. Martorana, P. Messina, and S. Vassallo. "Geophysical investigations at the Himera archaeological site, northern Sicily." Near Surface Geophysics 5, no. 6 (2007): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2007024.

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Arnott, Stephanie H. L., Justin K. Dix, Angus I. Best, and David J. Gregory. "Imaging of Buried Archaeological Materials: The Reflection Properties of Archaeological Wood." Marine Geophysical Researches 26, no. 2-4 (2005): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-005-3713-x.

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Shragge, Jeffrey, David Lumley, Nader Issa, Tom Hoskin, Alistair Paterson, and Jeremy Green. "Surveying Batavia’s Graveyard: Geophysical controlled experiments and subsurface imaging of archaeological sites on an Indian Ocean coral island." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 4 (2017): B147—B163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0531.1.

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We conducted geophysical surveys on Beacon Island in the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago offshore Western Australia, to investigate areas of archaeological interest related to the 1629 Batavia shipwreck, mutiny, and massacre. We used three complementary near-surface geophysical survey techniques (total magnetic intensity, electromagnetic induction mapping, and ground-penetrating radar) to identify anomalous target zones for archaeological excavation. Interpreting near-surface geophysical anomalies is often complex and nonunique, although it can be significantly improved by achieving a better understanding of site-specific factors including background conditions, natural variability, detectability limits, and the geophysical response to, and spatial resolution of, buried targets. These factors were not well-understood for Beacon Island nor indeed for the Australian coastal environment. We have evaluated the results of controlled experiments in which we bury known targets at representative depths and analyze the geophysical responses in terms of an ability to detect and resolve targets from natural background variability. The maximum depth of detectability of calibration targets on Beacon Island is limited to approximately 0.5 m due to significant variations in background physical properties between a thin ([Formula: see text]) and highly unconsolidated dry sand, shell, and coral layer of variable thickness overlying a sea-water-saturated sandy half-space. Our controlled measurements have implications for calibrating and quantifying the interpretation of geophysical anomalies in areas of archaeological interest, particularly in coastal and sandy-coral island environments. Our geophysical analyzes contributed to the discovery of archaeological materials and five historical burials associated with the 1629 Batavia shipwreck.

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Evangelista, Ryz, and Eric Wedepohl. "Archaeological geophysics: 3D imaging studies at Muweilah, United Arab Emirates (UAE)." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab047.

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Spivey-Faulkner, S. Margaret. "Juggling sand: Ethics, identity, and archaeological geophysics in the Mississippian world." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 36 (April 2021): 102882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102882.

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Lascano, E., P. Martinelli, and A. Osella. "EMI data from an archaeological resistive target revisited." Near Surface Geophysics 4, no. 6 (2006): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006013.

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Hafez, Mahfooz A., Magdy A. Atya, Azza M. Hassan, Motoyuki Sato, Thomas Wonik, and Abeer A. El-Kenawy. "Shallow geophysical investigations at the Akhmim archaeological site, Suhag, Egypt." Applied Geophysics 5, no. 2 (2008): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11770-008-0016-4.

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Luiz, José Gouvêa, and Edithe Da Silva Pereira. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION IN SOUTHEASTERN PARÁ STATE, BRAZIL USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS: A CASE STUDY OF SÍTIO DOMINGOS." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 31, no. 3 (2013): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v31i3.318.

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ABSTRACT. Magnetic, resistivity and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were applied to Sítio Domingos, a Brazilian archaeological site located in Pará State, to ﬁnd objects buried by an ancient civilization that may have inhabited the site. Archaeological excavations based on the locations of magnetic anomalies reveal a concentration of ceramic fragments and pots. The correlation between the resistivity models and the soil proﬁle of the study area suggests that the resistivity range of 2000 to 2500 ohm-m represents the archaeological occupation layer. Several anomalous features detected by GPR are correlated with magnetic anomalies. However, when these features are analyzed independently of the magnetic anomalies, they do not conclusively represent the objects being searched. Therefore, GPR is not recommended as the main tool for archaeological prospection in the study area.Keywords: magnetometry, electrical resistivity, GPR, archaeological excavation. RESUMO. Os métodos magnético, resistividade e radar de penetração no solo (GPR) foram aplicados no Sítio Domingos, um sítio arqueológico brasileiro localizado no Estado do Pará, para encontrar objetos enterrados por uma civilização antiga que pode ter habitado a região. Escavações arqueológicas com base nos locais de anomalias magnéticas revelaram uma concentração de fragmentos de cerâmica e vasos. A correlação entre os modelos de resistividade e do perﬁl do solo da área de estudo sugere que a faixa de resistividade de 2000-2500 ohm-m representa a camada de ocupação arqueológica. V´arias feições anômalas detectadas pelo GPR são correlacionáveis com anomalias magnéticas. No entanto, quando essas feições são analisadas independente das anomalias magnéticas, elas não representam de forma conclusiva os objetos que est~so sendo procurados. Portanto, o GPR não é recomendado como a principal ferramenta de prospecção arqueológica na área de estudo.Palavras-chave: magnetometria, resistividade elétrica, GPR, escavação arqueológica.

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Weymouth, John W. "Archaeological site surveying program at the University of Nebraska." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 3 (1986): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442108.

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A summary of geophysical applications peculiar to archaeology and magnetic surveying techniques applied by the University of Nebraska to archaeological sites is presented. In contrast to geophysical targets, the size and depth of the features of interest on archaeological sites are from several centimeters to a few meters. Typical features are historic foundations, wells, privies or prehistoric earthen features such as earth house floors, storage pits, or fire hearths. The most commonly used geophysical methods are resistivity, radar, and magnetometry. The program at the University of Nebraska has concentrated on magnetic surveying field methods based on the use of two magnetometers in the difference mode to correct for temporal variations. Data processing used both microcomputers and mainframe computers. Microcomputers are used in the field and near sites to log data and to do preliminary mapping. Mainframe computers are used for further processing and filtering and for producing a variety of graphical representations of the data for an archaeological audience. Case histories presented are from site surveys in North Dakota, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Nebraska.

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Scollar, Irwin, Bernd Weidner, and Karel Segeth. "Display of archaeological magnetic data." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 3 (1986): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442116.

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Magnetic data from archaeological sites have traditionally been displayed by contour, isometric, and dot‐density plotting, or by simulated gray‐scale techniques using symbol overprinting. These methods do not show fine linear structures in the data which are of great interest to archaeologists. If true gray‐scale methods using a modern video display, followed by film recording for hard copy are employed, image processing techniques can be applied to enhance the geometric structures of archaeological interest. Interpolation techniques for enlarging data to full screen size, along with compression methods to keep data within gray‐scale capabilities, are needed. Such techniques would introduce minimum distortion and allow faint details to be seen in the vicinity of strong anomalies. Postprocessing methods based on rapid image spatial filtering and enhancement algorithms could then be applied in an interactive environment.

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Varga, Mihály, Attila Novák, and László Szarka. "Application of tensorial electrical resistivity mapping to archaeological prospection." Near Surface Geophysics 6, no. 1 (2008): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2007030.

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Zhao, Wenke, Emanuele Forte, Michele Pipan, and Gang Tian. "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) attribute analysis for archaeological prospection." Journal of Applied Geophysics 97 (October 2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.04.010.

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Cozzolino, Marilena, Mile Baković, Nikola Borovinić, et al. "The Contribution of Geophysics to the Knowledge of the Hidden Archaeological Heritage of Montenegro." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050187.

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Montenegro is a land of great history which needs attention and care for a deeper knowledge and its making at the disposal of new generations. It is still a territory to be discovered, studied, and disclosed. It is important to understand how much hidden heritage there is still in this area to explore and exploit, but on the other hand, how much known heritage exists to protect and monitor, preventing its destruction and loss. In this context, Montenegro is heavily investing in the management of cultural heritage through initiatives for identification, protection, preservation, enhancement and fruition of them. In the frame of the knowledge, the use of non-destructive geophysical methods can be helpful for a cognitive investigation immediately in the bud of any archaeological verification project, safeguarded through preventive archaeology operations and the exploration of large areas within archaeological parks. In this paper, the results of geophysical prospections at the Hellenistic-Illyrian site of Mjace, the roman towns of Doclea and Municipium S, the medieval city of Svač, and the Stećci medieval tombstones graveyards of Novakovići, Žugića, and Plužine are presented. The study allowed the reconnaissance of new buried structures in the soil and has provided an updated view of the rich archaeological heritage of Montenegro.

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Carcione, Jose M. "Ground radar simulation for archaeological applications1." Geophysical Prospecting 44, no. 5 (1996): 871–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00178.x.

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Herrmann, Jason T. "Special Issue on Digital Domains." Advances in Archaeological Practice 2, no. 3 (2014): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.2.3.145.

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More and more archaeologists who once relied on shovels and surveys now regularly collect data with digital sensors and use computer-based management systems to carry out complex analyses. Geographic information systems (GIS) and geographic information science (GISc), satellite remote sensing, aerial and close-range photography, terrestrial and aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), near-surface geophysics, and a wide array of visualization schemes designed to integrate and display data from multiple platforms are now integral to every stage of archaeological investigation, interpretation, and reporting. Even though these methods are an increasing part of archaeological research worldwide, there have been few conferences, meetings, or workshops dedicated to sharing methods and applications in digital archaeology in North America or even in the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of a few special sessions in regional or general archaeological conferences. This deficit is particularly striking in comparison with the situation in Europe, where several societies dedicated to archaeological geomatics regularly hold both continental and regional meetings.

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Rizzo, Enzo, Alfonso Santoriello, Luigi Capozzoli, et al. "Geophysical Survey and Archaeological Data at Masseria Grasso (Benevento, Italy)." Surveys in Geophysics 39, no. 6 (2018): 1201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9494-y.

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Theocaris, P. S., I. Liritzis, E. Lagios, and A. Sampson. "Geophysical prospection, archaeological excavation, and dating in two Hellenic pyramids." Surveys in Geophysics 17, no. 5 (1996): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01888980.

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Martino, Luis, Néstor Bonomo, Eugenia Lascano, Ana Osella, and Norma Ratto. "Electrical and GPR prospecting at Palo Blanco archaeological site, northwestern Argentina." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 6 (2006): B193—B199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2345193.

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We conducted a geophysical survey at the Palo Blanco archaeological site located in Catamarca, Argentina. Age estimates from radiocarbon dating indicate first occupation of the site around 1500 years ago. The first description of thesite was done in 1960. At that time, five residential units with different architectural arrangements were reported. These structures had different levels of deterioration caused by exposure and human activities. Some of these original structures have become completely covered by sediments. To aid in the design of efficient excavation plans, detailed maps are required to locate the buried walls. For this purpose, we conducted geophysical surveys over one of the structures. We had poor documentation about the structure at the time of the survey. Only one of the walls described in the earlier report was partially visible. We used two geophysical methods: ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity. We performed 2D inversion of the resistivity data, together with numerical GPR simulations. These helped to distinguish the expected reflection events from others, aiding in a correct interpretation of the data. Finally, we made a complementary interpretation of the resistivity and GPR data to compile a detailed map of the selected structure. We found that considering the two methods independently would have led to an incomplete map. We delineated a much more complex structure than originally expected and designed an excavation plan which was carried out. The layout of the rooms of the structure fully matched the predictions based on the interpretation used in detecting the walls and their depths. In this way, the geophysical forecasts were confirmed after excavation.

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Lopez-Loera, H., J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J. L. Comparan-Elizondo, et al. "Magnetic study of archaeological structures in La Campana, Colima, western Mesoamerica." Journal of Applied Geophysics 43, no. 1 (2000): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9851(99)00050-6.

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Liu, Jianhuan, Quentin Bourgeois, Ranajit Ghose, and Deyan Draganov. "Detection of near-surface heterogeneities at archaeological sites using seismic diffractions." First Break 37, no. 9 (2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.n0059.

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Matias, M. Senos, and F. Almeida. "A geophysical survey on the archaeological site of Mugardos (NW Iberian peninsula)." Journal of Applied Geophysics 29, no. 2 (1992): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(92)90002-3.

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Kulessa, Bernd, Beverly Chiarulli, Paul McCarthy, Susanne Haney, and Kevin Jones. "Large-scale geophysical reconstruction of man-made ground at former industrial iron-furnace plantations." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 3 (2006): B55—B61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2194902.

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Blast-iron-furnace plantations were widespread throughout colonial and postcolonial America and therefore represent sites of specific archaeological interest. Because such plantations often were a really extensive, historical reconstruction of a site is challenging using conventional archaeological field techniques alone. Therefore, we appraise the usefulness of integrating magnetic gradiometer, electrical-resistivity tomography (ERT), and electromagnetic (EM31) data in detecting and delineating buried structures related to former operation of the Shade furnace, a typical industrial plantation in 19th-century Pennsylvania. The geophysical results were ground-truthed in seven locations by archaeological excavation. Geophysical results demonstrated that (1) the distribution of remaining original soils could be mapped; (2) waste materials (e.g., slag, used brick, burned charcoal, iron ore, and broken-up sandstone or limestone) within or above the original soils could be detected and delineated, whether the material occurred in pits or lenses or was dispersed across the ground surface; and (3) the location and spatial extent of many former structures related to furnace operation could be identified, such as building or bridge foundations and casting-related structures (e.g., the tapping channel or the casting floor, and the former courses of a water canal (raceway) and a supply road). We conclude that geophysical techniques can play a key role in reconstructing man-made ground at former industrial furnace sites in North America.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Archaeological geophysics'

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